DOCSLIB.ORG

Computer Virus and Penetration Technique

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Computer Virus and Penetration Technique COMPUTER VIRUS AND PENETRATION TECHNIQUE S. Jeya, A. P./M.C.A., Dr. K. Ramar, K.S.R. College of Engineering, Professor & HOD/CSE Dept., Thiruchengode, Namakkal, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti, Tamil Nadu, India, Tamil Nadu, India. Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Abstract alternative terminology in which a virus is any form of self- Computer viruses have been around almost as long as replicating malware. computers. Latest technical development such as high Some viruses are programmed to damage the computer by speed network, internet & advance personal computers damaging programs, deleting files, or reformatting the hard have provided viruses a main threat to the computers. I disk. Others are not designed to do any damage, but simply remember the story of elephant and ant and how the ant replicate themselves and perhaps make their presence brought the mighty elephant down on its knees? Similarly, known by presenting text, video, or audio messages. Even a computer virus, a few KBs in size, like any piece of code, these benign viruses can create problems for the computer which when executed on computer, carries out a particular user. They typically take up computer memory used by task, can destroy gigabytes of data stored in computer and legitimate programs. As a result, they often cause erratic bring the biggest organization to a halt. A lot of anti-virus behavior and can result in system crashes. In addition, software is available in the market and being widely used many viruses are bug-ridden, and these bugs may lead to but these anti-viruses are less effective as they are made system crashes and data loss. only for the existing viruses not for the viruses which Computer viruses are small software programs that are developed latter. So this paper mainly concentrates on designed to spread from one computer to another and to analyzing the procedures which is being used for interfere with computer operation. A virus might corrupt or preventing virus. Then it covers what strategy should be delete data on your computer, use your e-mail program to adopted for anti-virus and how to recover the computer spread itself to other computers, or even erase everything from a virus attack. This paper also describes the on your hard disk [9]. Viruses are most easily spread by identification & classification of computer virus, and attachments in e-mail messages or instant messaging current computer virus situation. messages. That is why it is essential that you never open e- mail attachments unless you know who it's from and you Keywords: malware, Trojan horses, arsonists, and Nessus. are expecting it. Viruses can be disguised as attachments of funny images, greeting cards, or audio and video files. 1. Introduction Viruses also spread through download on the Internet. They A computer virus is a computer program that can copy can be hidden in illicit software or other files or programs itself and infect a computer without permission or you might download. knowledge of the user. However, the term "virus" is 2. How Computer Viruses Work commonly used, albeit erroneously, to refer to many Strange as it may sound, the computer virus is something of different types of malware programs. The original virus an Information Age marvel [10]. On one hand, viruses’ may modify the copies, or the copies may modify show us how vulnerable we are -- a properly engineered themselves, as occurs in a metamorphic virus. A virus can virus can have a devastating effect, disrupting productivity only spread from one computer to another when its host is and doing billions of dollars in damages. On the other hand, taken to the uninfected computer, for instance by a user they show us how sophisticated and interconnected human sending it over a network or the Internet, or by carrying it beings have become. on a removable medium such as a floppy disk, CD, or USB For example, experts estimate that the Mydoom worm drive. Additionally, viruses can spread to other computers infected approximately a quarter-million computers in a by infecting files on a network file system or a file system single day in January 2004. Back in March 1999, the that is accessed by another computer. Viruses are Melissa virus was so powerful that it forced Microsoft and sometimes confused with computer worms and Trojan a number of other very large companies to completely turn horses. A worm can spread itself to other computers off their e-mail systems until the virus could be contained. without needing to be transferred as part of a host, and a The ILOVEYOU virus in 2000 had a similarly devastating Trojan horse is a file that appears harmless until executed. effect. In January 2007, a worm called Storm appeared -- Most personal computers are now connected to the Internet by October, experts believed up to 50 million computers and to local area networks, facilitating the spread of were infected [7]. That's pretty impressive when you malicious code. Today's viruses may also take advantage of consider that many viruses are incredibly simple. When network services such as the World Wide Web, e-mail, and you listen to the news, you hear about many different forms file sharing systems to spread, blurring the line between of electronic infection. The most common are: viruses and worms. Furthermore, some sources use an Department Of Computer Applications (MCA), K.S.R College of Engineering “BOOM 2K8” Research Journal on Computer Engineering, March 2008. Page 19 Viruses - A virus is a small piece of software that computer virus, mostly unknowingly, by sharing infecting piggybacks on real programs. For example, a virus files or sending e-mails with viruses as attachments in the e- might attach itself to a program such as a spreadsheet mail. program. Each time the spreadsheet program runs, the A worm is similar to a virus by its design, and is considered virus runs, too, and it has the chance to reproduce (by to be a sub-class of a virus. Worms spread from computer attaching to other programs) or wreak havoc. to computer, but unlike a virus, it has the capability to E-mail viruses - An e-mail virus travels as an travel without any help from a person. A worm takes attachment to e-mail messages, and usually replicates advantage of file or information transport features on your itself by automatically mailing itself to dozens of system, which allows it to travel unaided. The biggest people in the victim's e-mail address book. Some e- danger with a worm is its capability to replicate itself on mail viruses don't even require a double -click -- they your system, so rather than your computer sending out a launch when you view the infected message in the single worm, it could send out hundreds or thousands of preview pane of your e-mail software. copies of itself, creating a huge devastating effect. One Trojan horses - A Trojan horse is simply a computer example would be for a worm to send a copy of itself to program. The program claims to do one thing (it may everyone listed in your e-mail address book. Then, the claim to be a game) but instead does damage when worm replicates and sends itself out to everyone listed in you run it (it may erase your hard disk). Trojan horses each of the receiver's address book, and the manifest have no way to replicate automatically [5]. continues on down the line [4]. Due to the copying nature Worms - A worm is a small piece of software that of a worm and its capability to travel across networks the uses computer networks and security holes to replicate end result in most cases is that the worm consumes too itself. A copy of the worm scans the network for much system memory (or network bandwidth), causing another machine that has a specific security hole. It Web servers, network servers and individual computers to copies itself to the new machine using the security stop responding. hole, and then starts replicating from there, as well. A Trojan Horse is full of as much trickery as the Top threats mythological Trojan Horse it was named after. The Trojan Worm:Win32/Sober.AH@mm Horse, at first glance will appear to be useful software but Exploit: Win32/Anicmoo.A will actually do damage once installed or run on your Worm:Win32/Nuwar.N@mm!CME711 computer[3]. Those on the receiving end of a Trojan Horse Worm:Win32/Nuwar.N@mm!CME-711 are usually tricked into opening them because they appear to Win32/Stration be receiving legitimate software or files from a legitimate Virus: W97M/Kukudro.A source. When a Trojan is activated on your computer, the Worm:Win32/Bagle.EG@mm results can vary. Some Trojans are designed to be more Exploit: Win32/Wordjmp annoying than malicious (like changing your desktop, adding Worm:Win32/Mywife.E@mm silly active desktop icons) or they can cause serious damage Exploit: Win32/Wmfap by deleting files and destroying information on your system. Worm:Win32/Sober.Z@mm Trojans are also known to create a backdoor on your Win32/Mytob computer that gives malicious users access to your system, Worm: Win32/Mytob possibly allowing confidential or personal information to be Win32/Netsky compromised. Unlike viruses and worms, Trojans do not reproduce by infecting other files nor do they self-replicate. 2.1. Virus, Worm and Trojan horse Added into the mix, we also have what is called a blended The most common blunder people make when the topic of a threat. A blended threat is a sophisticated attack that bundles computer virus arises is to refer to a worm or Trojan horse as some of the worst aspects of viruses, worms, Trojan horses a virus.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A the Hacker
    A The Hacker Madame Curie once said “En science, nous devons nous int´eresser aux choses, non aux personnes [In science, we should be interested in things, not in people].” Things, however, have since changed, and today we have to be interested not just in the facts of computer security and crime, but in the people who perpetrate these acts. Hence this discussion of hackers. Over the centuries, the term “hacker” has referred to various activities. We are familiar with usages such as “a carpenter hacking wood with an ax” and “a butcher hacking meat with a cleaver,” but it seems that the modern, computer-related form of this term originated in the many pranks and practi- cal jokes perpetrated by students at MIT in the 1960s. As an example of the many meanings assigned to this term, see [Schneier 04] which, among much other information, explains why Galileo was a hacker but Aristotle wasn’t. A hack is a person lacking talent or ability, as in a “hack writer.” Hack as a verb is used in contexts such as “hack the media,” “hack your brain,” and “hack your reputation.” Recently, it has also come to mean either a kludge, or the opposite of a kludge, as in a clever or elegant solution to a difficult problem. A hack also means a simple but often inelegant solution or technique. The following tentative definitions are quoted from the jargon file ([jargon 04], edited by Eric S. Raymond): 1. A person who enjoys exploring the details of programmable systems and how to stretch their capabilities, as opposed to most users, who prefer to learn only the minimum necessary.
    [Show full text]
  • 1．Computer Virus Reported (1) Summary for This Quarter
    Attachment 1 1．Computer Virus Reported (1) Summary for this Quarter The number of the cases reported for viruses*1 in the first quarter of 2013 decreased from that of the fourth quarter of 2012 (See Figure 1-1). As for the number of the viruses detected*2 in the first quarter of 2013, W32/Mydoom accounted for three-fourths of the total (See Figure 1-2). Compared to the fourth quarter of 2012, however, both W32/Mydoom and W32/Netsky showed a decreasing trend. When we looked into the cases reported for W32/Netsky, we found that in most of those cases, the virus code had been corrupted, for which the virus was unable to carry out its infection activity. So, it is unlikely that the number of cases involving this virus will increase significantly in the future As for W32/IRCbot, it has greatly decreased from the level of the fourth quarter of 2012. W32/IRCbot carries out infection activities by exploiting vulnerabilities within Windows or programs, and is often used as a foothold for carrying out "Targeted Attack". It is likely that that there has been a shift to attacks not using this virus. XM/Mailcab is a mass-mailing type virus that exploits mailer's address book and distributes copies of itself. By carelessly opening this type of email attachment, the user's computer is infected and if the number of such users increases, so will the number of the cases reported. As for the number of the malicious programs detected in the first quarter of 2013, Bancos, which steals IDs/Passwords for Internet banking, Backdoor, which sets up a back door on the target PC, and Webkit, which guides Internet users to a maliciously-crafted Website to infect with another virus, were detected in large numbers.
    [Show full text]
  • Detecting Botnets Using File System Indicators
    Detecting botnets using file system indicators Master's thesis University of Twente Author: Committee members: Peter Wagenaar Prof. Dr. Pieter H. Hartel Dr. Damiano Bolzoni Frank Bernaards LLM (NHTCU) December 12, 2012 Abstract Botnets, large groups of networked zombie computers under centralised control, are recognised as one of the major threats on the internet. There is a lot of research towards ways of detecting botnets, in particular towards detecting Command and Control servers. Most of the research is focused on trying to detect the commands that these servers send to the bots over the network. For this research, we have looked at botnets from a botmaster's perspective. First, we characterise several botnet enhancing techniques using three aspects: resilience, stealth and churn. We see that these enhancements are usually employed in the network communications between the C&C and the bots. This leads us to our second contribution: we propose a new botnet detection method based on the way C&C's are present on the file system. We define a set of file system based indicators and use them to search for C&C's in images of hard disks. We investigate how the aspects resilience, stealth and churn apply to each of the indicators and discuss countermeasures botmasters could take to evade detection. We validate our method by applying it to a test dataset of 94 disk images, 16 of which contain C&C installations, and show that low false positive and false negative ratio's can be achieved. Approaching the botnet detection problem from this angle is novel, which provides a basis for further research.
    [Show full text]
  • System Center Endpoint Protection for Mac
    System Center Endpoint Protection for Mac Installation Manual and User Guide Contents Context menu 19 System Center Endpoint Protection 3 System requirements 3 Advanced user 20 Import and export settings 20 Installation 4 Import settings 20 Typical installation 4 Export settings 20 Proxy server setup 20 Custom installation 4 Removable media blocking 20 Uninstallation 5 21 Beginners guide 6 Glossary Types of infiltrations 21 User interface 6 Viruses 21 Checking operation of the system 6 Worms 21 What to do if the program does not work properly 7 Trojan horses 21 Work with System Center Endpoint Adware 22 Spyware 22 Protection 8 Potentially unsafe applications 22 Antivirus and antispyware protection 8 Potentially unwanted applications 22 Real-time file system protection 8 Real-time Protection setup 8 Scan on (Event triggered scanning) 8 Advanced scan options 8 Exclusions from scanning 8 When to modify Real-time protection configuration 9 Checking Real-time protection 9 What to do if Real-time protection does not work 9 On-demand computer scan 10 Type of scan 10 Smart scan 10 Custom scan 11 Scan targets 11 Scan profiles 11 Engine parameters setup 12 Objects 12 Options 12 Cleaning 13 Extensions 13 Limits 13 Others 13 An infiltration is detected 14 Updating the program 14 Update setup 15 How to create update tasks 15 Upgrading to a new build 15 Scheduler 16 Purpose of scheduling tasks 16 Creating new tasks 16 Creating user-defined task 17 Quarantine 17 Quarantining files 17 Restoring from Quarantine 17 Log files 18 Log maintenance 18 Log filtering 18 User interface 18 Alerts and notifications 19 Alerts and notifications advanced setup 19 Privileges 19 System Center Endpoint Protection As the popularity of Unix-based operating systems increases, malware authors are developing more threats to target Mac users.
    [Show full text]
  • Computer Viruses, in Order to Detect Them
    Behaviour-based Virus Analysis and Detection PhD Thesis Sulaiman Amro Al amro This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Software Technology Research Laboratory Faculty of Technology De Montfort University May 2013 DEDICATION To my beloved parents This thesis is dedicated to my Father who has been my supportive, motivated, inspired guide throughout my life, and who has spent every minute of his life teaching and guiding me and my brothers and sisters how to live and be successful. To my Mother for her support and endless love, daily prayers, and for her encouragement and everything she has sacrificed for us. To my Sisters and Brothers for their support, prayers and encouragements throughout my entire life. To my beloved Family, My Wife for her support and patience throughout my PhD, and my little boy Amro who has changed my life and relieves my tiredness and stress every single day. I | P a g e ABSTRACT Every day, the growing number of viruses causes major damage to computer systems, which many antivirus products have been developed to protect. Regrettably, existing antivirus products do not provide a full solution to the problems associated with viruses. One of the main reasons for this is that these products typically use signature-based detection, so that the rapid growth in the number of viruses means that many signatures have to be added to their signature databases each day. These signatures then have to be stored in the computer system, where they consume increasing memory space. Moreover, the large database will also affect the speed of searching for signatures, and, hence, affect the performance of the system.
    [Show full text]
  • 2007 Threat Report | 2008 Threat and Technology Forecast Executive Summary
    2007 Threat Report | 2008 Threat and Technology Forecast Executive Summary Last year, Trend Micro’s 2006 Annual Roundup As we highlight the threats that made rounds and 2007 Forecast (The Trend of Threats Today) in 2007, it will become clear that all of these predicted the full emergence of Web threats predictions have indeed materialized, and some as the prevailing security threat in 2007. Web in an interesting fashion. threats include a broad array of threats that The shifting threat landscape demands a move operate through the Internet, typically comprise away from the traditional concept of malicious more than one fi le component, spawn a large code. Digital threats today cover more ground number of variants, and target a relatively smaller than ever. They may come to a user through audience. This was predicted to continue the simply having a vulnerable PC, visiting trusted “high focus/low spread” themes seen by some Web sites that are silently compromised, clicking attacks in 2006. an innocent-looking link, or by belonging to a Trend Micro also predicted that the growth and network that is under attack by a Distributed expansion of botnets during 2007 would be Denial of Service attacker. mostly based on new methods, ingenious social In the following roundup, Trend Micro summarizes engineering, and the exploitation of software the threats, malware trends, and security vulnerabilities. The roundup also indicated highlights seen during 2007. Real-life victims of that crimeware would continue to increase and these security threats include interest groups, become the prevailing threat motivation in 2007 individuals, organizations, and on some occasions and onwards.
    [Show full text]
  • Vmwatcher.Pdf
    Stealthy Malware Detection and Monitoring through VMM-Based “Out-of-the-Box” 12 Semantic View Reconstruction XUXIAN JIANG North Carolina State University XINYUAN WANG George Mason University and DONGYAN XU Purdue University An alarming trend in recent malware incidents is that they are armed with stealthy techniques to detect, evade, and subvert malware detection facilities of the victim. On the defensive side, a fundamental limitation of traditional host-based antimalware systems is that they run inside the very hosts they are protecting (“in-the-box”), making them vulnerable to counter detection and subversion by malware. To address this limitation, recent solutions based on virtual machine (VM) technologies advocate placing the malware detection facilities outside of the protected VM (“out-of- the-box”). However, they gain tamper resistance at the cost of losing the internal semantic view of the host, which is enjoyed by “in-the-box” approaches. This poses a technical challenge known as the semantic gap. In this article, we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of VMwatcher—an “out- of-the-box” approach that overcomes the semantic gap challenge. A new technique called guest view casting is developed to reconstruct internal semantic views (e.g., files, processes, and ker- nel modules) of a VM nonintrusively from the outside. More specifically, the new technique casts semantic definitions of guest OS data structures and functions on virtual machine monitor (VMM)- level VM states, so that the semantic view can be reconstructed. Furthermore, we extend guest view casting to reconstruct details of system call events (e.g., the process that makes the system This work was supported in part by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grants CNS-0716376, CNS-0716444 and CNS-0546173.
    [Show full text]
  • CONTENTS in THIS ISSUE Fighting Malware and Spam
    JANUARY 2008 Fighting malware and spam CONTENTS IN THIS ISSUE 2 COMMENT MONITORING THE NET A richer, but more dangerous web Despite the best efforts of the IT security industry it looks like the 3 NEWS malicious bot is here to Guidelines issued for UK hacker tool ban stay. Andrei Gherman looks at how botnet monitoring can provide information about bots as 3 VIRUS PREVALENCE TABLE well as helping to keep the threat under control. page 4 FEATURES HIJACKED IN A FLASH 4 Botnet monitoring As malicious web ads become increasingly 9 Rule-driven malware identification and classification common, Dennis Elser and Micha Pekrul take a close look at a Flash advertising banner belonging 12 Inside rogue Flash ads to the SWF.AdHijack family. page 12 16 CALL FOR PAPERS OUTPOST IN THE SPOTLIGHT VB2008 John Hawes discovers how firewall expert Agnitum has fared after having added malware detection to 17 PRODUCT REVIEW its Outpost Security Suite. Agnitum Outpost Security Suite Pro 2008 page 17 22 END NOTES & NEWS This month: anti-spam news and events, and Martin Overton looks at how malware authors have started to borrow techniques from phishers. ISSN 1749-7027 COMMENT “The accessing of The accessing of media-rich, collaborative sites by employees is already cause for concern in terms of both media-rich, employee productivity and security. Businesses and collaborative sites individuals are creating and uploading content to the web with little or no control over what is hosted, and this by employees is trend is set to increase. As businesses capitalize on RIAs already cause for by expanding their online services, more and more data will be stored online – and as the explosion in social concern.” networking has already shown us, the more opportunities Mark Murtagh, Websense the Internet gives us, the more points of access it gives criminals.
    [Show full text]
  • Extraction of Statistically Significant Malware Behaviors
    Extraction of Statistically Significant Malware Behaviors ∗ Sirinda Palahan Domagoj Babic´ Penn State University Google, Inc. [email protected] [email protected] Swarat Chaudhuri Daniel Kifer Rice University Penn State University [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT data and they do not provide scores that indicate the statis- Traditionally, analysis of malicious software is only a semi- tical confidence that a (possibly new) behavior is malicious. automated process, often requiring a skilled human analyst. In this paper, we propose a new method for identifying As new malware appears at an increasingly alarming rate | malicious behavior and assigning it a p-value (a measure of now over 100 thousand new variants each day | there is a statistical confidence that the behavior is indeed malicious). need for automated techniques for identifying suspicious be- It requires a training set consisting of malware and good- havior in programs. In this paper, we propose a method for ware executables. Using dynamic program analysis tools, extracting statistically significant malicious behaviors from we represent each executable as a graph. We then train a a system call dependency graph (obtained by running a bi- linear classifier to discriminate between malware and good- nary executable in a sandbox). Our approach is based on a ware; the parameters of this classifier are crucial for our new method for measuring the statistical significance of sub- statistical test. To evaluate a new executable, we can use graphs. Given a training set of graphs from two classes (e.g., the linear classifier to categorize it as goodware or malware. goodware and malware system call dependency graphs), our To then identify its suspicious behaviors, we again represent method can assign p-values to subgraphs of new graph in- it as a graph and use a subgraph mining algorithm to ex- stances even if those subgraphs have not appeared before in tract a candidate subgraph.
    [Show full text]
  • Reporting Status of Computer Virus - Details for January 2010
    Attachment 1 Reporting Status of Computer Virus - Details for January 2010 I. Details for Reported Number of Virus 1. Detection Number of Virus by Month 2. Reported Number of Virus by Month 1 Attachment 1 3. Reported Number of Virus/Year 2 Attachment 1 4. Reported Virus in January 2010 The total reported virus type was 54: The virus count for Windows/DoS relevant with 1,111 and for Macro and Script relevant with 43. i) Windows (*) = newly emerged virus for the month. Windows/DOS Virus Reported Number Windows/DOS Virus Reported Number W32/Netsky 216 W32/Mota 1 W32/Mydoom 213 W32/Neeris 1 W32/Autorun 154 W32/Pinit 1 W32/Mytob 96 W32/Sohanad 1 W32/Downad 67 W32/Stration 1 W32/Mumu 57 Sub Total 1,111 W32/Klez 55 W32/Virut 43 Script Virus Reported Number W32/Bagle 40 VBS/Solow 12 W32/Lovegate 25 VBS/SST 10 W32/Gammima 22 VBS/Redlof 3 W32/Mywife 20 VBS/Freelink 1 W32/Sality 18 VBS/LOVELETTER 1 W32/Gaobot 12 Sub Total 27 W32/Zafi 9 W32/Funlove 6 Macro Virus Reported Number W32/Mabezat 5 XM/Laroux 13 W32/Bugbear 4 WM/Cap 1 W32/Koobface 4 X97M/Divi 1 W32/Whybo 4 XF/Sic 1 W32/Bagz 3 Sub Total 16 W32/Chir 3 W32/Harakit 3 ii) Macintosh W32/Mimail 3 None W32/Palevo 3 W32/Waledac 3 iii) OSS (OpenSource Software): Linux, BSD Anti-CMOS 2 inculusive of UNIX W32/Almanahe 2 None W32/Fakerecy 2 W32/Nimda 2 iv) Mobile Terminal Cascade 1 None Form 1 <Reference> W32/Antinny 1 Windows/DOS Virus: work under Windows, W32/Bacterra 1 MS-DOS environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Computer Virus / Unauthorized Computer Access Incident Report
    Attachment 1 1．Computer Virus Reported (1) Summary for this Quarter The number of the cases reported for viruses*1 in the third quarter of 2012 decreased from that of the second quarter of 2012 (See Figure 1-1). By virus type, W32/Mydoom was reported most. As for XM/Laroux which is a type of macro virus, although the number of the cases reported decreased from that of the second quarter of 2012, it had slightly been increasing since the second quarter of 2011 (See Figure 1-2). This is due to the spread of infection by the subspecies of XM/Laroux. Meanwhile, the number of the cases reported for W32/Autorun decreased to one-third of that of the second quarter of 2011. This is because the "Autorun" function, which is often exploited for W32/Autorun infection, came to be disabled*2 automatically by a security patch for Windows. As for the number of the viruses detected*3 in the third quarter of 2012, W32/Mydoom accounted for over half of the total; it was on the increase (See Figure 1-3). On the contrary, W32/Netsky was on the decrease and in the second quarter of 2012 and later, it was outpaced by W32/Mydoom in terms of both the number of the cases reported and the number of the viruses detected. W32/Mydoom and W32/Netsky attach copies of themselves to an e-mail attachment, with the goal of spreading infection to the recipients of such e-mail. It is assumed that there are still a large number of the servers and PCs that are infected with these viruses.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Sirinda Main Final.Pdf
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of Engineering A FRAMEWORK FOR MINING SIGNIFICANT SUBGRAPHS AND ITS APPLICATION IN MALWARE ANALYSIS A Dissertation in Computer Science and Engineering by Sirinda Palahan © 2014 Sirinda Palahan Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2014 The dissertation of Sirinda Palahan was reviewed and approved∗ by the following: Daniel Kifer Assistant Professor of Computer Science and Engineering Dissertation Advisor, Chair of Committee Robert Collins Associate Professor of Computer Science and Engineering John Hannan Associate Professor of Computer Science and Engineering C. Lee Giles David Reese Professor of Information Sciences and Technology Lee Coraor Associate Professor of Computer Science and Engineering, Graduate Officer ∗Signatures are on file in the Graduate School. ii Abstract The growth of graph data has encouraged research in graph mining algorithms, especially subgraph pattern mining from graph databases. Discovered patterns could help researchers understand inherent properties and characteristics in large and complex graphs. Frequent subgraph mining has been widely applied successfully in many applications, such as mining network motifs in a complex network, identifying malicious behaviors or mining biochemical structures. However, the high frequency of a subgraph does not always indicate that a subgraph is statistically significant. In this dissertation, we propose a framework for mining statistically significant subgraphs. Our framework is based on a new method for measuring the statistical significance of subgraphs. Given a training set of graphs from two classes (e.g., positive and negative graphs), our method utilizes the class labels provided in the training data to calculate p-values.
    [Show full text]