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Undergraduate Report
UNDERGRADUATE REPORT Attack Evolution: Identifying Attack Evolution Characteristics to Predict Future Attacks by MaryTheresa Monahan-Pendergast Advisor: UG 2006-6 IINSTITUTE FOR SYSTEMSR RESEARCH ISR develops, applies and teaches advanced methodologies of design and analysis to solve complex, hierarchical, heterogeneous and dynamic problems of engineering technology and systems for industry and government. ISR is a permanent institute of the University of Maryland, within the Glenn L. Martin Institute of Technol- ogy/A. James Clark School of Engineering. It is a National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center. Web site http://www.isr.umd.edu Attack Evolution 1 Attack Evolution: Identifying Attack Evolution Characteristics To Predict Future Attacks MaryTheresa Monahan-Pendergast Dr. Michel Cukier Dr. Linda C. Schmidt Dr. Paige Smith Institute of Systems Research University of Maryland Attack Evolution 2 ABSTRACT Several approaches can be considered to predict the evolution of computer security attacks, such as statistical approaches and “Red Teams.” This research proposes a third and completely novel approach for predicting the evolution of an attack threat. Our goal is to move from the destructive nature and malicious intent associated with an attack to the root of what an attack creation is: having successfully solved a complex problem. By approaching attacks from the perspective of the creator, we will chart the way in which attacks are developed over time and attempt to extract evolutionary patterns. These patterns will eventually -
2016 8Th International Conference on Cyber Conflict: Cyber Power
2016 8th International Conference on Cyber Conflict: Cyber Power N.Pissanidis, H.Rõigas, M.Veenendaal (Eds.) 31 MAY - 03 JUNE 2016, TALLINN, ESTONIA 2016 8TH International ConFerence on CYBER ConFlict: CYBER POWER Copyright © 2016 by NATO CCD COE Publications. All rights reserved. IEEE Catalog Number: CFP1626N-PRT ISBN (print): 978-9949-9544-8-3 ISBN (pdf): 978-9949-9544-9-0 CopyriGHT AND Reprint Permissions No part of this publication may be reprinted, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence ([email protected]). This restriction does not apply to making digital or hard copies of this publication for internal use within NATO, and for personal or educational use when for non-profit or non-commercial purposes, providing that copies bear this notice and a full citation on the first page as follows: [Article author(s)], [full article title] 2016 8th International Conference on Cyber Conflict: Cyber Power N.Pissanidis, H.Rõigas, M.Veenendaal (Eds.) 2016 © NATO CCD COE Publications PrinteD copies OF THIS PUBlication are availaBLE From: NATO CCD COE Publications Filtri tee 12, 10132 Tallinn, Estonia Phone: +372 717 6800 Fax: +372 717 6308 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.ccdcoe.org Head of publishing: Jaanika Rannu Layout: Jaakko Matsalu LEGAL NOTICE: This publication contains opinions of the respective authors only. They do not necessarily reflect the policy or the opinion of NATO CCD COE, NATO, or any agency or any government. -
Hacks, Cracks, and Crime: an Examination of the Subculture and Social Organization of Computer Hackers Thomas Jeffrey Holt University of Missouri-St
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Missouri, St. Louis University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Dissertations UMSL Graduate Works 11-22-2005 Hacks, Cracks, and Crime: An Examination of the Subculture and Social Organization of Computer Hackers Thomas Jeffrey Holt University of Missouri-St. Louis, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation Part of the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons Recommended Citation Holt, Thomas Jeffrey, "Hacks, Cracks, and Crime: An Examination of the Subculture and Social Organization of Computer Hackers" (2005). Dissertations. 616. https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/616 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the UMSL Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Hacks, Cracks, and Crime: An Examination of the Subculture and Social Organization of Computer Hackers by THOMAS J. HOLT M.A., Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri- St. Louis, 2003 B.A., Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri- St. Louis, 2000 A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School of the UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI- ST. LOUIS In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Criminology and Criminal Justice August, 2005 Advisory Committee Jody Miller, Ph. D. Chairperson Scott H. Decker, Ph. D. G. David Curry, Ph. D. Vicki Sauter, Ph. D. Copyright 2005 by Thomas Jeffrey Holt All Rights Reserved Holt, Thomas, 2005, UMSL, p. -
The Botnet Chronicles a Journey to Infamy
The Botnet Chronicles A Journey to Infamy Trend Micro, Incorporated Rik Ferguson Senior Security Advisor A Trend Micro White Paper I November 2010 The Botnet Chronicles A Journey to Infamy CONTENTS A Prelude to Evolution ....................................................................................................................4 The Botnet Saga Begins .................................................................................................................5 The Birth of Organized Crime .........................................................................................................7 The Security War Rages On ........................................................................................................... 8 Lost in the White Noise................................................................................................................. 10 Where Do We Go from Here? .......................................................................................................... 11 References ...................................................................................................................................... 12 2 WHITE PAPER I THE BOTNET CHRONICLES: A JOURNEY TO INFAMY The Botnet Chronicles A Journey to Infamy The botnet time line below shows a rundown of the botnets discussed in this white paper. Clicking each botnet’s name in blue will bring you to the page where it is described in more detail. To go back to the time line below from each page, click the ~ at the end of the section. 3 WHITE -
CONTENTS in THIS ISSUE Fighting Malware and Spam
MARCH 2008 Fighting malware and spam CONTENTS IN THIS ISSUE 2 COMMENT EVASIVE ACTION Home (page) renovations Pandex has attracted very little attention from the media and generated little 3 NEWS discussion between malware Botherders herded researchers and among the 29A folds general populace. Chandra Prakash and Adam Thomas provide an overview of the Pandex operation and take an in-depth look at VIRUS PREVALENCE TABLE 3 the underlying code that has allowed this malware to evade detection for so long. 4 MALWARE ANALYSIS page 4 Pandex: the botnet that could PACKING A PUNCH In the fi nal part of the series on exepacker 9 FEATURE blacklisting, Robert Neumann takes a look at how all the processing and analysis techniques are put Exepacker blacklisting part 3 into practice in a real-life situation. page 9 15 CONFERENCE REPORT AVG TURNS 8 Black Hat DC and CCC 24C3 John Hawes gets his hands on a preview version of the latest offering from AVG. 18 PRODUCT REVIEW page 18 AVG Internet Security 8 22 END NOTES & NEWS This month: anti-spam news and events, and Ken Simpson considers the implications of rising spam volume despite increasing accuracy of content fi lters. ISSN 1749-7027 COMMENT ‘It is hoped that within all sizes of business. It is hoped that the comment facility will promote discussion among visitors and that the comment facility in some cases the more knowledgeable of VB’s readers will promote will be able to guide and assist those less well versed in discussion among the complexities of anti-malware technologies. -
Flow-Level Traffic Analysis of the Blaster and Sobig Worm Outbreaks in an Internet Backbone
Flow-Level Traffic Analysis of the Blaster and Sobig Worm Outbreaks in an Internet Backbone Thomas Dübendorfer, Arno Wagner, Theus Hossmann, Bernhard Plattner ETH Zurich, Switzerland [email protected] DIMVA 2005, Wien, Austria Agenda 1) Introduction 2) Flow-Level Backbone Traffic 3) Network Worm Blaster.A 4) E-Mail Worm Sobig.F 5) Conclusions and Outlook © T. Dübendorfer (2005), TIK/CSG, ETH Zurich -2- 1) Introduction Authors Prof. Dr. Bernhard Plattner Professor, ETH Zurich (since 1988) Head of the Communication Systems Group at the Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory TIK Prorector of education at ETH Zurich (since 2005) Thomas Dübendorfer Dipl. Informatik-Ing., ETH Zurich, Switzerland (2001) ISC2 CISSP (Certified Information System Security Professional) (2003) PhD student at TIK, ETH Zurich (since 2001) Network security research in the context of the DDoSVax project at ETH Further authors: Arno Wagner, Theus Hossmann © T. Dübendorfer (2005), TIK/CSG, ETH Zurich -3- 1) Introduction Worm Analysis Why analyse Internet worms? • basis for research and development of: • worm detection methods • effective countermeasures • understand network impact of worms Wasn‘t this already done by anti-virus software vendors? • Anti-virus software works with host-centric signatures Research method used 1. Execute worm code in an Internet-like testbed and observe infections 2. Measure packet-level traffic and determine network-centric worm signatures on flow-level 3. Extensive analysis of flow-level traffic of the actual worm outbreaks captured in a Swiss backbone © T. Dübendorfer (2005), TIK/CSG, ETH Zurich -4- 1) Introduction Related Work Internet backbone worm analyses: • Many theoretical worm spreading models and simulations exist (e.g. -
How to Analyze the Cyber Threat from Drones
C O R P O R A T I O N KATHARINA LEY BEST, JON SCHMID, SHANE TIERNEY, JALAL AWAN, NAHOM M. BEYENE, MAYNARD A. HOLLIDAY, RAZA KHAN, KAREN LEE How to Analyze the Cyber Threat from Drones Background, Analysis Frameworks, and Analysis Tools For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR2972 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0287-5 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2020 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover design by Rick Penn-Kraus Cover images: drone, Kadmy - stock.adobe.com; data, Getty Images. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface This report explores the security implications of the rapid growth in unmanned aerial systems (UAS), focusing specifically on current and future vulnerabilities. -
MODELING the PROPAGATION of WORMS in NETWORKS: a SURVEY 943 in Section 2, Which Set the Stage for Later Sections
942 IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS & TUTORIALS, VOL. 16, NO. 2, SECOND QUARTER 2014 Modeling the Propagation of Worms in Networks: ASurvey Yini Wang, Sheng Wen, Yang Xiang, Senior Member, IEEE, and Wanlei Zhou, Senior Member, IEEE, Abstract—There are the two common means for propagating attacks account for 1/4 of the total threats in 2009 and nearly worms: scanning vulnerable computers in the network and 1/5 of the total threats in 2010. In order to prevent worms from spreading through topological neighbors. Modeling the propa- spreading into a large scale, researchers focus on modeling gation of worms can help us understand how worms spread and devise effective defense strategies. However, most previous their propagation and then, on the basis of it, investigate the researches either focus on their proposed work or pay attention optimized countermeasures. Similar to the research of some to exploring detection and defense system. Few of them gives a nature disasters, like earthquake and tsunami, the modeling comprehensive analysis in modeling the propagation of worms can help us understand and characterize the key properties of which is helpful for developing defense mechanism against their spreading. In this field, it is mandatory to guarantee the worms’ spreading. This paper presents a survey and comparison of worms’ propagation models according to two different spread- accuracy of the modeling before the derived countermeasures ing methods of worms. We first identify worms characteristics can be considered credible. In recent years, although a variety through their spreading behavior, and then classify various of models and algorithms have been proposed for modeling target discover techniques employed by them. -
Diapositiva 1
Feliciano Intini Responsabile dei programmi di Sicurezza e Privacy di Microsoft Italia • NonSoloSecurity Blog: http://blogs.technet.com/feliciano_intini • Twitter: http://twitter.com/felicianointini 1. Introduction - Microsoft Security Intelligence Report (SIR) 2. Today‘s Threats - SIR v.8 New Findings – Italy view 3. Advancements in Software Protection and Development 4. What the Users and Industry Can Do The 8th volume of the Security Intelligence Report contains data and intelligence from the past several years, but focuses on the second half of 2009 (2H09) Full document covers Malicious Software & Potentially Unwanted Software Email, Spam & Phishing Threats Focus sections on: Malware and signed code Threat combinations Malicious Web sites Software Vulnerability Exploits Browser-based exploits Office document exploits Drive-by download attacks Security and privacy breaches Software Vulnerability Disclosures Microsoft Security Bulletins Exploitability Index Usage trends for Windows Update and Microsoft Update Microsoft Malware Protection Center (MMPC) Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) Microsoft Security Engineering Center (MSEC) Guidance, advice and strategies Detailed strategies, mitigations and countermeasures Fully revised and updated Guidance on protecting networks, systems and people Microsoft IT ‗real world‘ experience How Microsoft IT secures Microsoft Malware patterns around the world with deep-dive content on 26 countries and regions Data sources Malicious Software and Potentially Unwanted Software MSRT has a user base -
Proposal of N-Gram Based Algorithm for Malware Classification
SECURWARE 2011 : The Fifth International Conference on Emerging Security Information, Systems and Technologies Proposal of n-gram Based Algorithm for Malware Classification Abdurrahman Pektaş Mehmet Eriş Tankut Acarman The Scientific and Technological The Scientific and Technological Computer Engineering Dept. Research Council of Turkey Research Council of Turkey Galatasaray University National Research Institute of National Research Institute of Istanbul, Turkey Electronics and Cryptology Electronics and Cryptology e-mail:[email protected] Gebze, Turkey Gebze, Turkey e-mail:[email protected] e-mail:[email protected] Abstract— Obfuscation techniques degrade the n-gram malware used by the previous work. Similar methodologies features of binary form of the malware. In this study, have been used in source authorship, information retrieval methodology to classify malware instances by using n-gram and natural language processing [5], [6]. features of its disassembled code is presented. The presented The first known use of machine learning in malware statistical method uses the n-gram features of the malware to detection is presented by the work of Tesauro et al. in [7]. classify its instance with respect to their families. n-gram is a fixed size sliding window of byte array, where n is the size of This detection algorithm was successfully implemented in the window. The contribution of the presented method is IBM’s antivirus scanner. They used 3-grams as a feature set capability of using only one vector to represent malware and neural networks as a classification model. When the 3- subfamily which is called subfamily centroid. Using only one grams parameter is selected, the number of all n-gram vector for classification simply reduces the dimension of the n- features becomes 2563, which leads to some spacing gram space. -
Intelligent Malware Detection Using File-To-File Relations and Enhancing Its Security Against Adversarial Attacks
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2019 Intelligent Malware Detection Using File-to-file Relations and Enhancing its Security against Adversarial Attacks Lingwei Chen [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Part of the Information Security Commons Recommended Citation Chen, Lingwei, "Intelligent Malware Detection Using File-to-file Relations and Enhancing its Security against Adversarial Attacks" (2019). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 3844. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/3844 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Intelligent Malware Detection Using File-to-file Relations and Enhancing its Security against Adversarial Attacks Lingwei Chen Dissertation submitted to the Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science Yanfang Ye, Ph.D., Committee Chairperson Donald Adjeroh, Ph.D. Elaine M. -
Hacks, Leaks and Disruptions | Russian Cyber Strategies
CHAILLOT PAPER Nº 148 — October 2018 Hacks, leaks and disruptions Russian cyber strategies EDITED BY Nicu Popescu and Stanislav Secrieru WITH CONTRIBUTIONS FROM Siim Alatalu, Irina Borogan, Elena Chernenko, Sven Herpig, Oscar Jonsson, Xymena Kurowska, Jarno Limnell, Patryk Pawlak, Piret Pernik, Thomas Reinhold, Anatoly Reshetnikov, Andrei Soldatov and Jean-Baptiste Jeangène Vilmer Chaillot Papers HACKS, LEAKS AND DISRUPTIONS RUSSIAN CYBER STRATEGIES Edited by Nicu Popescu and Stanislav Secrieru CHAILLOT PAPERS October 2018 148 Disclaimer The views expressed in this Chaillot Paper are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institute or of the European Union. European Union Institute for Security Studies Paris Director: Gustav Lindstrom © EU Institute for Security Studies, 2018. Reproduction is authorised, provided prior permission is sought from the Institute and the source is acknowledged, save where otherwise stated. Contents Executive summary 5 Introduction: Russia’s cyber prowess – where, how and what for? 9 Nicu Popescu and Stanislav Secrieru Russia’s cyber posture Russia’s approach to cyber: the best defence is a good offence 15 1 Andrei Soldatov and Irina Borogan Russia’s trolling complex at home and abroad 25 2 Xymena Kurowska and Anatoly Reshetnikov Spotting the bear: credible attribution and Russian 3 operations in cyberspace 33 Sven Herpig and Thomas Reinhold Russia’s cyber diplomacy 43 4 Elena Chernenko Case studies of Russian cyberattacks The early days of cyberattacks: 5 the cases of Estonia,