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Stuxnet : Analysis, Myths and Realities ACTUSÉCU 27 XMCO David Helan STUXNET : ANALYSIS, MYTHS AND REALITIES CONTENTS Stuxnet: complete two-part article on THE virus of 2010 Keyboard Layout: analysis of the MS10-073 vulnerability used by Stuxnet Current news: Top 10 hacking techniques, zero-day IE, Gsdays 2010, ProFTPD... Blogs, softwares and our favorite Tweets... This document is the property of XMCO Partners. Any reproduction is strictly prohibited. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! [1] Are you concerned by IT security in your company? ACTU SÉCU 27 XMCO Partners is a consultancy whose business is IT security audits. Services: Intrusion tests Our experts in intrusion can test your networks, systems and web applications Use of OWASP, OSSTMM and CCWAPSS technologies Security audit Technical and organizational audit of the security of your Information System Best Practices ISO 27001, PCI DSS, Sarbanes-Oxley PCI DSS support Consulting and auditing for environments requiring PCI DSS Level 1 and 2 certification. CERT-XMCO: Vulnerability monitoring Personalized monitoring of vulnerabilities and the fixes affecting your Information System CERT-XMCO: Response to intrusion Detection and diagnosis of intrusion, collection of evidence, log examination, malware autopsy About XMCO Partners: Founded in 2002 by experts in security and managed by its founders, we work in the form of fixed-fee projects with a commitment to achieve results. Intrusion tests, security audits and vulnerability monitoring are the major areas in which our firm is developing. At the same time, we work with senior management on assignments providing support to heads of information- systems security, in drawing up master plans and in working on awareness-raising seminars with several large French accounts. To contact XMCO Partners and discover our services: http://www.xmco.fr WWW.XMCO.FR This document is the property of XMCO Partners. Any reproduction is strictly prohibited. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! [2] EDITORIAL NUMBER 27 FEB. 2011 We wish you a happy 2011… ACTUSECU This is the first issue of ActuSécu certainly be implementation errors in 2011. As usual, a very busy that may be exploited by pirates, year end made us a little late in especially as these are particularly Editor in chief: writing this issue. ingenious concerning hacking Adrien GUINAULT means of payment. The XMCO team is strengthened Contributors: with the arrival of Florent We hope that you find this issue Charles DAGOUAT Hochwelker, a security consultant interesting and we look forward to Florent HOCHWELKER coming from SkyRecon. The seeing you at Black Hat Stéphane JIN security of the Windows kernel, Barcelona, for which XMCO is a François LEGUE DEP bypass and other tricks for partner. Frédéric CHARPENTIER happily causing memory overflows Yannick HAMON no longer hold any secrets for him. Frédéric Charpentier Florent has also written its first Chief Technology Officer article in this issue. CONTACT XMCO What will 2011 bring us in terms of [email protected] attacks and security? Without [email protected] wishing to gaze into a crystal ball, it is clear, for me, that 2011 will be THE XMCO AGENDA the year of m-payment: contactless mobile payments (by PCI DSS QSA TRAINING NFC or GSM). Although these 7 and 8 March in London technologies are, a priori, new, BLACKHAT EUROPE they are based on existing and 16 and 17 March in Barcelona proven frameworks. There will BLACK HAT This document is the property of XMCO Partners. Any reproduction is strictly prohibited. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! [3] STUXNET PART I P. 5 BOOKMARKS AND TOOLS P. 52 P. 13 CONTENTS STUXNET... ...PART II Stuxnet Part I: analysis, myths and realities..5 An examination of THE virus of 2010 Stuxnet Part II: technical analysis.................13 Propagation, infection and attacks on industrial systems. Keyboard Layout vulnerability......................29 Analysis of the "elevation of privileges" vulnerability KEYBOARD used by Stuxnet (MS10-073). LAYOUT P. 29 Current news..................................................38 Top Ten hacking techniques, zero-day IE, GS Days, ProFTPD... Blogs, software and extensions...................52 IMA, VMware compliance checker, Twitter and the rn_101 blog. CURRENT XMCO 2011 NEWS P. 38 This document is the property of XMCO Partners. Any reproduction is strictly prohibited. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! [4] ACTU SÉCU 27 Stuxnet, elected malware of STUXNET PART I : the year HISTORY, MYTHS AND It would have been ACTU SÉCU 27 inconceivable not to devote an article to THE malware of the REALITIES year 2010. Although nearly everything has already been said on this subject, we could not resist wanting to write an article on Stuxnet several months after the media buzz has subsided. Much is still obscure concerning this malware, its origins and its developers. However, we will try to give a summary, also taking an objective view in relation to various papers covering the subject. Karsten Kneese Karsten If there is one thing to remember about 2010, it is surely To quickly reach its target, the malware also uses a the case of Stuxnet. This is because this malware, password defined by default within certain SCADA specifically produced to carry out the second highly- (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) systems. publicized targeted attack of 2010 (after Aurora) This is based on the Siemens SIMATIC WinCC caused comment for more than six months! This article software. is intended as a summary of this long period, which was punctuated by many new developments. It covers the “Stuxnet is a complex piece of malware development of the discoveries and announcements constructed from many items, intended to that took place during this period and tries to analyze all sabotage the normal functioning of certain the facts in order to draw conclusions. Between reminders on technical matters, genuine rumors and critical systems. ” false realities, this article will appraise the situation as Thanks to all the work performed by various completely as possible. researchers with an interest in malware, the role of Stuxnet has been clarified. The malicious code acts in Preliminary reminders several stages: firstly, a removable item of storage media is used to compromise a system on a local Stuxnet is a complex piece of malware constructed from network. Once present on a network, the malware many items, intended to sabotage the normal replicates, moving towards the discovery of a point of functioning of certain critical systems. In contrast to access to its target: a system on which WinCC is the somewhat indiscreet approach which is used to installed. access these sensitive systems, this sabotage is intended to be very discreet. Secondly, when such a target is discovered, the To approach its target, Stuxnet exploits at least four behavior of the various items controlling the target zero-day vulnerabilities (currently all corrected by architecture is modified in order to physically impair Microsoft) targeting different versions of Windows, as the integrity of the industrial production system. In the well as the famous MS08-067 vulnerability that was case of Stuxnet, this concerns modifying the normal corrected several years ago. function of certain critical systems by manipulating their WWW.XMCO.FR controllers. This document is the property of XMCO Partners. Any reproduction is strictly prohibited. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! [5] STUXNET PART I : HISTORY, MYTHS AND REALITIES ACTU SÉCU 27 History the Metasploit framework. This allowed control of a system to be taken over remotely by exploiting the It is difficult to create a comprehensive history of the security vulnerability through WebDAV sharing. This events relative to Stuxnet because of the numerous code allowed a pirate simply to encourage an Internet new developments and announcements during this long user to visit a web page with Internet Explorer to take period. Limiting ourselves to the dates of the control of the underlying system. The same day discoveries made and publicized by the researchers Symantec renamed W32. Temphid to W32.Stuxnet, and would not really make sense. It is necessary to consider Siemens reported that the company was in the process the period before the media took an interest in this of studying reports referring to the compromise of subject, as this attack is so complex. We are therefore several SCADA systems linked to WinCC. going to try, with hindsight, to trace a history that takes into account the dates before the beginning of the On 20 July, Symantec announced that it had media interest in this sabotage campaign. Also, all this discovered how the malware communicated with its takes into account discoveries made after this attack command and control (C&C) servers, and the meaning attracted media interest. of the exchanged messages. On 21 July, MITRE assigned reference From Stuxnet CVE-2010-2772 to the security vulnerability present within the Simatic WinCC and PCS 7 software from Everything officially began on 17 June 2010, when the Siemens. A password had been hard-coded and could Belarusian company Virusblokada published a report on be used to access certain components of Siemens the virus RootkitTmphider, mentioning the LNK applications with elevated privileges. security vulnerability. This vulnerability, which was zero-day in June 2010, allows a pirate to execute code Two days afterwards, on 23 July, VeriSign revoked the when opening a directory, whether it is shared (SMB, certificate belonging to JMicron Technology Corp. WebDAV), local or on a mass-storage peripheral (external hard disk, USB drive, portable telephone, MP3 player, etc.). The vulnerability gradually began to “On 17 July, Symantec renamed arouse comment. MITRE dedicated reference "W32.Temphid" as "W32.Stuxnet" and CVE-2010-2568 to it the following 30 June, and on 13 July, Symantec added the detection of this virus under Siemens reported that the company was in the name of W32. Temphid. the process of studying reports referring to the compromise of several SCADA systems The next day, on 14 July, MITRE assigned references linked to WinCC ” CVE-2010-2729 and CVE-201 0-2743 to security vulnerabilities present in the print spooler and in the keyboard management.
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