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Dairy Farming • This Is the Keeping of Cows for Milk Production

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Dairy Farming • This Is the Keeping of Cows for Milk Production Cash crop farming in Kenya Cash crops are crops grown for sale. Cash crop farming is the growing of crops for sale. Cash crops grown in Kenya are tea, coffee, wheat, flowers, cotton and sisal. Tea • It is the leading cash crop export of Kenya. • It grows well under the following conditions: – High altitude, ranging between 1,520 – 2,300m. – High and reliable rainfall of about 1,250 –1,650 mm. – Deep, well drained volcanic soil. – Cool and wet climate. • It is mainly grown in Kericho, Nandi Hills, Limuru, Bomet, Gucha, Nyeri, Kiambu, Vihiga, Nyamira, parts of Murang’a and Kirinyaga. Wheat • Grown in gently sloping areas. • Requires moderate rainfall. • Needs well drained fertile soils. • Needs cool temperatures. • Harvested using machines. • Makes bread, biscuits, cakes, chapatis and scones. • Grown in Nakuru, Londiani, Narok, Eldoret, Trans-Nzoia and Laikipia. Flowers • The growing of flowers is called floriculture. • The growing of flowers, fruits and vegetables is called horticulture. • Flowers are grown in special houses called greenhouses. • The main flowers are roses and carnations. • Flowers are mainly grown in Naivasha, Thika, Juja, Nyandarua, Kiambu and Athi River. • They are transported from the farms with special vehicles with refrigerators. • They are transported by aircrafts to other countries because they are perishable (go bad quickly). • They are exported to earn foreign exchange for the country. • They are mainly used for decoration. Cotton • Grown on plains where land is flat. • Requires fertile, well drained soils (black alluvial cotton soil). • Grow well in areas with moderate rainfall of between 500 – 1,000 mm. • They need warm temperatures of between 18° - 21°C. • A lot of sunshine during the growing period and dry weather during ripening and harvesting. • Harvesting is done by hand. • Mainly grown in Kisumu, Bondo, Busia, Nyando, Teso, Rachuonyo, Tharaka, Mbeere, Kitui, Kibwezi, Makueni, Mwingi, Kirinyaga, Taveta, Kilifi, Malindi and Tana River. • It is grown under irrigation in Hola, Bura and Galole. • Cotton is processed in a factory called a ginnery. • It is used in making clothes. • The seeds are used to make soap, cooking oil, margarine, wool and animal feeds. Importance of cash crop farming • Cash crop farming creates employment opportunities to the people. • When exported, they earn the country foreign exchange. • Farmers earn income from sale of crops. • They provide raw materials for the industries. • Foreign exchange earned is used to improve infrastructure such as roads. • Need for processing leads to growth of industries. Dairy farming • This is the keeping of cows for milk production. • Milk is processed in a creamery. • Dairy cows kept in Kenya are Friesian, Guernsey, Jersey and Ayrshire. Conditions favouring dairy farming • Requires cool and wet climate. • It is practised mainly in the highlands. • It is done both on small and large scale. • Some farmers keep dairy cows in sheds where they feed them. This is called zero-grazing. Areas where dairy farming is practiced • Kiambu, Thika, Naivasha, Eldoret, Trans-Nzoia, Bungoma, Kisii, Nakuru, Nyeri, Nandi, Meru and Uasin Gishu. • In densely populated areas, farmers practise zero grazing, also called stall grazing. Benefits of dairy farming • Earns dairy farmers income. • Milk provides proteins. • Creates employment opportunities to many people. Problems facing dairy farming • Attacks from pests and diseases. • Bad transport system because of poor roads. • Bad management of creameries reduces milk profitability. • Low payment from milk processing industries. • High costs of dairy feeds. • Competition from imported dairy products. Mining • This is the removal of minerals from the ground or places where they occur. • Major minerals mined in Kenya are soda ash, limestone, diatomite, salt, sand and fluorspar. • Others are marble, gold, graphite, oil and titanium. Mineral Methods of mining Uses Where mined Making glass, soap, dyes, animal Soda ash Dredging Lake Magadi in the Rift Valley feeds and papers. Strengthening steel and Fluorspar Open cast alluminium, making toothpaste, Kimwarer in Kerio Valley making cans and sulphuric acid. Open cast and underground Making water filters, oven lining Diatomite Kariandusi near Gilgil method and paints. Making cement, animal feeds Athi River, Bamburi and Sultan Limestone Quarrying and open cast and paints. Hamud Making glass, as a food preservative, flavours food, Lake Magadi, Ngomeni and Salt Evaporation and scooping making soap and is used in oil Fundisa near Malindi refinery Making glass and isused in the Athi River, Machakos, Sand Scooping construction of buildings. Taita Taveta and Kajiado Importance of mining • It is a source of employment to many people. • Encourages development in areas it is carried out. • Some minerals are exported to earn the country foreign exchange. • Urban centers develop around mining areas which provide market for many consumer goods. Fishing • This is the activity of catching fish from the water. • The two types of fishing grounds are inland and marine (or sea) fishing. • Inland fishing is done in lakes such as Victoria, Baringo, Naivasha, Jipe and Chala and rivers such as Tana and Athi. • It is also done in ponds where fingerlings (baby fish) are reared to maturity before harvesting. • The main fish caught include tilapia, dagaa, mud fish, trout and shell fish. • Marine and sea fishing is done in the Indian Ocean. • Main fish caught in marine fishing include tuna, mullet, king fish, parrot fish, oysters, lobsters, crabs and prawns. Methods of fishing • Traditional methods of fishing are use of traps, baskets, herbs, hooks and line and harpooning (use of spears). • Modern methods of fishing are trawling, purse seining, net drifting and long lining. Methods of preserving fish • Traditional methods are smoking, sun drying and salting. • Modern methods are refrigeration, freezing and canning. Forestry • Forestry is the planting and taking care of forests. Types of forests • A forest is a large area of land covered by trees. • Trees that grow on their own form a natural forest. • Trees that are planted form a planted forest. Natural forests • They are also called indigenous forest. • Consists of hardwood trees like Meru oak, camphor, mvule, elgon teak, podo, rosewood and cedar. • These trees take long time to mature, about 100 years. • The forests have different species of trees. Planted forests • They mainly consists of softwoods like cypress, eucalyptus, grivellea, wattle, pine, spruce and fir. • They mature faster than hardwoods. • They are mainly of one tree species. • These forests are as result of: (a) Agrofrestry, which is the growing of trees and crops on the same piece of land. (b) Reafforestation, or planting trees where they have been cut. (c) Afforestation, which is planting treeswhere they did not exist. Distribution of forests in Kenya 1. Planted forests are mainly found in highland areas such as Molo, Timboroa, Burnt Forest, Timau, Kirinyaga, Kaptagat, Maji Mazuri, Londiani, Njabini, Kibirichia and Dundori. 2. Natural forests are found in the following areas: (a) Mountain slope forests on Mt. Kenya, Mau and Aberdare. (b) Kakamega and Nandi forests, which are tropical rain forests. (c) Coastal forests in Arabuko Sokoke and Shimba. (d) Mangrove forests along the coast. Importance of forests Deforestation is the cutting down of trees without replacing them. This should be discouraged because: • trees protect sources of rivers. • they protect the soil from erosion. • forests are homes for wild animals. • forest conservation creates employment. • forests help in the formation of rainfall. • trees are sources of firewood. • trees are used to provide herbal medicine. • trees are sources of timber. Wildlife and tourism • Wildlife refers to plants, insects, birds and wild animals in their natural habitat. • They are protected in both game parks and game reserves. • Game parks are managed by the central government through Kenya Wildlife Service (K.W.S.). • No human activity is allowed in these areas. • Such game parks are Hell’s Gate, Tsavo, Amboseli, Mount Kenya, Nairobi, Sibiloi, Malka Mari, Meru, Ruma and Mt. Elgon. • Game reserves are managed by county governments in which they are found. • Examples are Maasai Mara, Marsabit, South Turkana, Shimba Hills, Samburu, Boni, Arawale and Kitui South. • Marine national parks are protected waters in the Indian Ocean where fishing and collection of sea shells is prohibited. Marine national parks in Kenya are in Mombasa, Malindi, Kisite, Watamu and Shimoni. • Other national parks surrounded or in water are Ndere Island National Park in Lake Victoria, Central Island and South Island National Parks in Lake Turkana, Nakuru National Park and Saiwa Swamp National Park. Importance of wildlife 1. It is a source of employment. 2. Some wild plants and animals give us food. 3. Wildlife conservation leads to better use of land. 4. Wildlife encourages tourism which earns the government revenue by generating foreign exchange. 5. It provides study and research areas for scholars. Problems facing wildlife 1. Poaching, which is illegal killing of wild animals for meat, horns, skins and ivory. 2. Poor roads that lead to most game parks and reserves. 3. Competition from other tourist destinations in other countries. 4. High taxes and fees charged discourages tourists. Meaning of wildlife conservation Wildlife conservation is the management and protection of animals, birds, fish and plants and their natural habitats. Efforts in conserving wildlife
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