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Narrating Publicness in Selected Contemporary Kenyan Women's NARRATING PUBLICNESS IN SELECTED CONTEMPORARY KENYAN WOMEN’S AUTOBIOGRAPHIES ATHANAS MUTISYA PETER C50/5925/2017 A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN LITERATURE, IN THE UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI 2020 i DECLARATION This project is my original work and has not been submitted for the award of a degree in any other University. th Signed: Date: 20 August 2020 Peter Athanas Mutisya C50/5925/2017 This project has been submitted for examination with our approval as University supervisors: First Supervisor Dr. Jennifer Muchiri Signed: Date: 23rd August 2020 Second Supervisor Professor Monica Mweseli Signed: Date: 24th August 2020 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I acknowledge the unwavering support of my supervisors Dr. Jennifer Muchiri and Professor Monica Mweseli. Your invaluable academic advice, guidance and patience made it possible for me to complete this study. Dr. Muchiri particularly spent hours on end, reading through my work and promptly pointing out the areas that needed to be reworked and refined in order to give my study a coherent and academic outlook. I am grateful for the constructive critical engagement you offered and the many books and critical works that you lent me. I thank Professor Mweseli for her constant reminders that I had to work within the set timelines. I wish to express my gratitude to my lecturers at the Department of Literature for nurturing my intellectual capabilities, for the inspiration they gave me and for being patient with me as I worked on my coursework: Professor D.H Kiiru, Professor Henry Indangasi, Professor Chesaina, Professor Alina Rinkanya, Dr. Tom Odhiambo, Dr. Masumi Odari, Dr. Makau Kitata, Dr. Judith Jefwa, Dr. Kimigichi Wabende, Dr. Miriam Musonye and Mwalimu Anna P. Mwangi. I wish to recognize the generosity and support of Dr. Tom Odhiambo and Dr. Masumi Odari, I am eternally grateful. I wish to salute my friends and colleagues from the 2017 class for their support and believe in my representational capabilities. It was a privilege to serve as your class representative; you gave me an opportunity to learn valuable lessons. Allan Kodundo, Joseph Katelo, Janet Kagongo, Milkah Chepng’eno, John Auna, Najma Hussein, Henry Kisina, Allan Kimei, Jackline Musumbi, Sammy Mucheke, Carol Ntongai, Nancy A, Edna Jane, Benson Kamau, Idah Vika, Willis Ochieng and Dennis Nyabera. Friends: Edna Murugi, June Chelule, Peris Njeri, Caroline Naikun and Sensei Lewis Mutwiri. My siblings: Catherine, Marie, Carol, Christine and Oscar. My parents: Redempta Mumbua and the late Peter Muindi. My high school teacher, Mr Jonathan Kitavi, thank sir. My sincere gratitude to my brother Collins Sila for his unwavering support. Bro Ngai niakuathime mavinda onthe. Special recognition of my father and friend; Leonard Mutuku Sesi; I am where I am today because of your love and generosity. ii DEDICATION This project is dedicated to the four ladies whose love has kept me going: My wife and the love of my life Celline Margaret Njeri My daughters: Maya Angelou Mumbua and Salmah Mwihaki My mother Redemptah Mumbua Savethi iii ABSTRACT This study examines how Kenyan women who have been occupiers of public or privileged spaces narrate their publicness. The study focuses on three contemporary Kenyan women’s autobiographies: Ciarunji Chesaina’s Run Gazelle Run, Rebeka Njau’s Mirrors of my Life and Phoebe Asiyo’s It is Possible: An African Woman Speaks. The selected writers are public figures in contemporary Kenya and therefore the study interrogates how they use their life narratives to paint a portrait of Kenya. It also examines how the three writers use various autobiographical strategies to explore and assert their private and public identities. The objectives of the study are: to examine the autobiographical elements employed by the three writers, to explore the strategies of narrating self that the three writers employ and to examine the issues the three autobiographers comment on in their life narratives. The study is guided by three theoretical frameworks: the theory of the autobiography, feminism criticism and the theory of narratology. The study is divided into five chapters: chapter one forms the background to the study, chapter two focuses on Chesaina’s text; Run Gazelle Run, chapter three analyses with Mirrors of my Life by Njau and chapter for is dedicated to Asiyo’s It is Possible: An African Woman Speaks. The last chapter is dedicated to the findings and conclusion of the study. The study seeks to advance knowledge by examining strategies of self-narration by contemporary Kenyan woman autobiographers who have at one point in their lives occupied public spaces in the country. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION............................................................................................................................ i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................ ii DEDICATION.............................................................................................................................. iii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. iv CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the Study .......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of Problem ................................................................................................................ 5 1.3 Objectives ................................................................................................................................. 6 1.4 Hypotheses ................................................................................................................................ 6 1.5 Justification of the Study .......................................................................................................... 6 1.6 Scope and Limitations of the Study .......................................................................................... 7 1.7 Literature Review...................................................................................................................... 8 1.8 Theoretical Framework ........................................................................................................... 21 1.9 Research Methodology ........................................................................................................... 29 1.10 Chapter Outline ..................................................................................................................... 30 CHAPTER TWO: NARRATING A FOLKTALE: CIARUNJI CHESAINA’S RUN GAZELLE RUN ........................................................................................................................... 31 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 31 2.2 The Autobiographical Attributes of Chesaina’s Run Gazelle Run ......................................... 33 2.3 Strategies of Narrating the Self in Chesaina’s Life Narrative, Run Gazelle Run ................... 75 2.4 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 87 CHAPTER THREE: AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL AUTHORITY IN A LAMENTATION: STRATEGIES OF NARRATING THE SELF IN REBEKA NJAU’S MIRRORS OF MY LIFE ............................................................................................................................................. 90 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 88 3.2 Nature and Functions of the Autobiography as Manifest in Njau’s Mirrors Of My Life ....... 90 3.3 Strategies of Narrating the Self Employed by Rebeka Njau in her Life Story ..................... 108 v 3.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 149 CHAPTER FOUR: REWRITING THE EPIC. PHOEBE ASIYO’S IT IS POSSIBLE: AN AFRICAN WOMAN SPEAKS .................................................................................................. 151 4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 149 4.2 Asiyo’s It is Possible: An African Woman Speaks as an Autobiography ............................. 151 4.3 Strategies of Narrating the Self in Asiyo’s Life Narrative ................................................... 181 4.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 203 CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION ......................................................................................... 205 WORKS CITED........................................................................................................................ 213 vi CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The autobiography as a literary genre commands the attention of critics and scholars due to its uniqueness; it is the story of not just the narrator/subject but also that of their community. Though it centres on a life lived, it is a work of art because the subject engages in artistic
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