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Determinants of Women Political Empowernment in Kenya. a Case Study of Nairobi

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Determinants of Women Political Empowernment in Kenya. a Case Study of Nairobi DETERMINANTS OF WOMEN POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF NAIROBI COUNTY (1992-2017) BY STEVE NYADERA AGAN C50/67493/2013 A Research project submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in Political Science and Public Administration, University of Nairobi. 2020 DECLARATION This research project is my original work and has not been submitted to any other university for an academic award. Signature…………………………………………..………………….Date……………… Steve Nyadera Agan C50/67493/2013 This research project has been submitted for examination with my approval as the University Supervisor. Signature…………………………………………..………………….Date……………… Dr. Justine Magutu Department of Political Science and Public Administration University of Nairobi ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It has been an exciting and instructive period of study at the University of Nairobi and I feel privileged to have had the opportunity to carry out this research as a demonstration of knowledge gained during the period of study for my Master of Arts degree. Utmost gratitude goes to almighty God for giving me the strength and the courage to endure the long period of the study and the eventual outcome of this research. I also extend my special thanks to the University of Nairobi and my lecturers for their input through the different courses they facilitated and for providing a conducive environment for learning. Special thanks go to my supervisor Dr. Justine Magutu for having given me the guidance and support in writing this research project. I also wish to thank her for reading through the various drafts and giving me comments without which it would not have been possible to complete my study. My gratitude also goes to my parents Luke Agan and Rael Agan without whose support and inspiration, I wouldn‟t have reached this level of education, my wife Beatrice Agan and my son Ethan Agan, my sisters; Olgha Agan, Lorna Agan, Meline Agan and Bilha Agan, my brother Humphrey Agan and my fellow students for their patience, understanding and endured support throughout the period of my study. I am also grateful to all the respondents who took their valuable time in answering my questions and availing the required information. Lastly, I appreciate those whom have not mentioned but provided assistance in making this study a success; I say may God bless you all. iii DEDICATION This research project is dedicated to all women who struggled and others who are still in the fight for gender equality in Kenya and the world over. May God always guide and protect you throughout this tedious journey. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration .................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................ iii Dedication ..................................................................................................................................... iv Table of contents ........................................................................................................................... v List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... vii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. viii List of Abbreviations/Acronyms................................................................................................. ix Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the study ........................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the research problem ............................................................................................ 4 1.3 Research questions .................................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Objectives of the study.............................................................................................................. 5 1.5 Justification of the study ........................................................................................................... 6 1.6 Scope and limitations of the study ............................................................................................ 6 1.7 Literature review ....................................................................................................................... 7 1.8 Theoretical framework ............................................................................................................ 14 1.9 Definition and operationalization of key concepts ................................................................. 16 1.10 Research Hypothesis ............................................................................................................. 16 1.11 Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 17 1.11.1 Research design ................................................................................................................. 17 1.11.2 Study site ............................................................................................................................ 17 1.11.3 Target population ............................................................................................................... 17 1.11.4 Sampling technique and sample......................................................................................... 18 1.11.5 Data collection ................................................................................................................... 18 1.11.6 Data analysis ...................................................................................................................... 18 1.11.7 Validity of the istruments................................................................................................... 19 1.11.8 Reliability of the instruments ............................................................................................. 19 1.12 Ethical considerations ........................................................................................................... 19 v CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................................ 20 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN KENYAN POLITICS .. 20 2.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 20 2.1 Women Political Participation during the pre-colonial period ............................................... 20 2.2 Women Politilitical Participation during the colonial period ................................................. 21 2.3 Women Political Participation during the post-independence period .................................... 22 2.4 Women trailblazers in Kenyan politics ................................................................................... 25 2.5 Women in current leadership in Kenya .................................................................................. 26 2.6 Women participation in Nairobi County politics .................................................................... 29 2.7 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 30 CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................... 32 DATA ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION..................................................... 32 3.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 32 3.1 Response rate .......................................................................................................................... 32 3.2 Demographic characteristics of the respondents .................................................................... 32 3.3 Influence of financial resources on women political participation in Nairobi County ........... 36 3.4 Role of political parties in increasing women political participation in Nairobi County ....... 41 CHAPTER FOUR ....................................................................................................................... 52 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................... 52 4.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 52 4.1 Summary of findings .............................................................................................................. 52 4.2 Conclusion on the findings ..................................................................................................... 53 4.3 Recommendation .................................................................................................................... 54 REFERENCES ...........................................................................................................................
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