NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 OLD SALEM HISTORIC DISTRICT Page 1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 1. NAME OF PROPERTY Historic Name: Old Salem Historic District (updated documentation and boundary change) Other Name/Site Number: 31FY395 2. LOCATION Street & Number: 600 South Main Street Not for publication: City/Town: Winston-Salem Vicinity: State: NC County: Forsyth Code: 067 Zip Code: 27101 3. CLASSIFICATION Ownership of Property Category of Property Private: X Building(s): __ Public-Local: X District: X Public-State: ___ Site: __ Public-Federal: ___ Structure: __ Object: _ Number of Resources within Property Contributing Noncontributing 147 66 buildings 10 0 sites 24 6 structures 3 0 objects 184 72 Total Number of Contributing Resources Previously Listed in the National Register: 34 Name of Related MultipleDRAFT Property Listing: N/A NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 OLD SALEM HISTORIC DISTRICT Page 2 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 4. STATE/FEDERAL AGENCY CERTIFICATION As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this ____ nomination ____ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property ____ meets ____ does not meet the National Register Criteria. Signature of Certifying Official Date State or Federal Agency and Bureau In my opinion, the property ____ meets ____ does not meet the National Register criteria. Signature of Commenting or Other Official Date State or Federal Agency and Bureau 5. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE CERTIFICATION I hereby certify that this property is: ___ Entered in the National Register ___ Determined eligible for the National Register ___ Determined not eligible for the National Register ___ Removed from the National Register ___ Other (explain): Signature of Keeper Date of Action NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 OLD SALEM HISTORIC DISTRICT Page 3 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 6. FUNCTION OR USE Historic: Domestic Sub: Single Dwellings Multiple Dwelling Secondary Structure Hotel Institutional Housing Commerce/Trade Business Professional Financial Institution Specialty Store General Store Restaurant Warehouse Government City Hall Fire Station Government Office Public Works Education School College Library Education-Related/Dormitories Religion Religious Facility Funerary Cemetery Mortuary Agriculture/Subsistence Processing Storage Agricultural Animal Facility Horticultural Facility Agricultural Outbuilding Industry/Processing/Extraction Manufacturing Facility Extractive Facility Waterworks Energy Facility Communication Facility Processing Site Industrial Storage Health Care Hospital Clinic Medical Business/Office Landscape Plaza/Square Garden Natural Features Street Furniture/Object Conservation Area Historic (con’t): Transportation Rail Related NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 OLD SALEM HISTORIC DISTRICT Page 4 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Road Related (Vehicular) Pedestrian Related Current: Domestic Sub: Single Dwellings Multiple Dwelling Secondary Structure Hotel Institutional Housing Commerce/Trade Business Professional Specialty Store General Store Restaurant Education College Library Research Facility Education-Related/Dormitories Religion Religious Facility Church-Related Residence Funerary Cemetery Recreation and Culture Museum Outdoor Recreation Work of Art Agriculture/Subsistence Agricultural Horticultural Facility Agricultural Outbuilding Industry/Processing/Extraction Manufacturing Facility Landscape Plaza/Square Garden Natural Features Street Furniture/Object Conservation Area Transportation Road Related (Vehicular) Pedestrian Related NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 OLD SALEM HISTORIC DISTRICT Page 5 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 7. DESCRIPTION ARCHITECTURAL CLASSIFICATION: Colonial: German. Early Republic: Federal. Mid-19th Century: Greek Revival. Late Victorian: Gothic; Italianate; Second Empire; Queen Anne; Stick/Eastlake; Romanesque. Late 19th& 20th Century Revivals: Colonial Revival; Classical Revival. Late 19th& early 20th century American Movements: Bungalow/Craftsman. Other: 2-part Commercial. MATERIALS: Foundation: Stone, Brick, Stucco Walls: Brick, Wood (Weatherboard, Half-Timber, Log), Stucco Roof: Wood (Shingle/Shake), Stone (Slate), Asphalt, Metal, Concrete, Terra Cotta Other: Brick, Wood, Stone NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 OLD SALEM HISTORIC DISTRICT Page 6 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Describe Present and Historic Physical Appearance. Summary The Old Salem Historic District was designated a National Historic Landmark (NHL) in 1966/1978 based on the “Old and Historic Salem District” created in 1948 by a City of Winston-Salem and Forsyth County Zoning Ordinance.1 The original NHL encompassed approximately 62 acres with a period of significance from 1766 to 1856.2 Further understanding of significance in the intervening years led to re-examination, and the revised and expanded Old Salem Historic District NHL encompasses 193 acres and two periods of significance: Town of Salem 1766-1913 (founding to consolidation with neighboring Winston), which includes Moravian Architecture 1766-1856, and the Old Salem period 1948-2010 (historic preservation in the vanguard). The Old Salem Historic District NHL includes planned, articulated, and restored landscape that records the dynamic story of the Moravians in Piedmont North Carolina during the life of the town of Salem, and the local community efforts to preserve and restore that experience through Old Salem, Inc. at the forefront of historic preservation in America. Salem was established in 1766 as the central town of the Wachovia Tract, a 100,000 acre tract of Moravian land encompassing the drainage basin of Muddy Creek, a tributary of the Yadkin River, and 240 miles from the Atlantic Ocean. Salem’s story includes the founding of Winston and the ultimate consolidation with that neighbor as Winston-Salem in 1913. People of European and African descent built Salem through time. Their relationship to each other, which began as an anomaly in the South, was to test the human conscience and make its mark on the landscape. Enduring as legacy are sacred places, open spaces, creeks, roadways and paths, fence lines, houses, gardens, a college, places of business, native trees and shrubs. Descendants of early populations are legacy as well. The Salem Historic District is a place of material wealth in the retention and restoration of historic fabric in its buildings, structures, objects, landscape, and archaeological resources, and as such, it is also a container of memory. Salem’s design on the landscape reflects the opportunities and constraints of the environment as addressed by Moravian planners in the 1760s. Global experience in community enterprise brought forth a town plan organized around a central grid anchored to a town square that was laid out on a ridge above a broad creek bottom in a rolling landscape. Natural resources of Carolina red clay, varieties of stone, forests, and plentiful water supply provided the materials for construction of fine and enduring buildings and structures with skillful hands and in remembered European traditions. The plan set in place was then naturally and sustainably expandable, and with an educated and committed population, and guided by a central authority (theocratic government followed by municipal government), the town grew in an orderly manner and steadily, from a backcountry craft and trade center to an industrial city, all the while in the presence of a strong religious context. The physical appearance in form and presence endures today with a high degree of integrity in the Old Salem Historic District NHL. The durability of design and architectural fabric speak to the quality of the built environment and the care taken by the community. Preservation parameters of scholarship and integrity have guided restoration efforts by the museum. It is a multi-use district, as it has been throughout its life, and the eighteenth-century structure continues to support a living community of church, college, museum, businesses, residents, and visitors. 1 Frances Griffin, Old Salem: An Adventure in Historic Preservation, rev. ed. (1970; repr.,Winston-Salem: Old Salem, Inc., 1985), 78. 2 Horace J. Sheely, Jr., “Old Salem Historic District” (Date of Visit 10/5/63), National Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings, United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1966; and Polly M. Rettig, “Old Salem Historic District” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, United States Department