Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01537-1 — The Athenian Empire Lisa Kallet , John H. Kroll Frontmatter More Information The Athenian Empire Coinage played a central role in the history of the Athenian naval empire of the fifth century BC. It made possible the rise of the empire itself, which was financed through tribute in coinage collected annually from the empire’s approximately 200 cities. The empire’s downfall was brought about by the wealth in Persian coinage that financed its enemies. This book surveys and illustrates with nearly 200 examples the extraordinary variety of silver and gold coinages that were employed in the history of the period, minted by cities within the empire and by those cities and rulers that came into contact with it. It also examines how coins supplement the literary sources and even attest to developments in the monetary history of the period that would otherwise be unknown. This is an accessible introduction both to the history of the Athenian empire and to the use of coins as evidence. Lisa Kallet is Cawkwell Fellow in Ancient History at University College, Oxford. She has published two influential books on Thucydides, as well as articles on Thucydides, the Athenian empire, democracy, and Attic epigraphy. John H. Kroll is Professor Emeritus of Classics at the University of Texas, Austin, and an Honorary Research Associate of the Heberden Coin Room at the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. He is the author of the volume of the Greek coins from the Agora Excavations and has written widely on other numismatic topics and on Greek weights and inscriptions. He has served as Trustee and Second Vice President of the American Numismatic Society. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01537-1 — The Athenian Empire Lisa Kallet , John H. Kroll Frontmatter More Information Guides to the Coinage of the Ancient World General Editor Andrew Meadows, University of Oxford Coinage is a major source of evidence for the study of the ancient world but is often hard for those studying and teaching ancient history to grasp. Each volume in the series provides a concise introduction to the most recent scholarship and ideas for a commonly studied period or area, and suggests ways in which numismatic evidence may contribute to its social, political and economic history. The volumes are richly illustrated, with full explanatory captions, and so can also function as a numismatic sourcebook for the period or area in question. Titles in the Series The Athenian Empire: Using Coins as Sources by Lisa Kallet and John H. Kroll From Caesar to Augustus (c. 49 BC–AD 14): Using Coins as Sources by Clare Rowan The Hellenistic World: Using Coins as Sources by Peter Thonemann © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01537-1 — The Athenian Empire Lisa Kallet , John H. Kroll Frontmatter More Information The Athenian Empire Using Coins as Sources LISA KALLET University of Oxford JOHN H. KROLL University of Oxford © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01537-1 — The Athenian Empire Lisa Kallet , John H. Kroll Frontmatter More Information University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom One Liberty Plaza, 20th Floor, New York, NY 10006, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia 314–321, 3rd Floor, Plot 3, Splendor Forum, Jasola District Centre, New Delhi – 110025, India 79 Anson Road, #06–04/06, Singapore 079906 Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning, and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107015371 DOI: 10.1017/9781139058476 © Cambridge University Press 2020 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2020 Printed in the United Kingdom by TJ International Ltd, Padstow Cornwall A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Kallet, Lisa, 1956– author. | Kroll, John H, 1938– author. Title: The Athenian empire : using coins as sources / Lisa Kallet, University of Oxford; John H. Kroll, University of Oxford. Description: New York : Cambridge University Press, 2020. | Series: Guides to the coinage of the ancient world | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020009518 (print) | LCCN 2020009519 (ebook) | ISBN 9781107015371 (hardback) | ISBN 9781107686700 (paperback) | ISBN 9781139058476 (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Coins, Greek–Greece–Athens–History. | Coinage–Greece–Athens–History. | Athens (Greece)–Antiquities. | Greece–History–Athenian supremacy, 479–431 B.C.–Sources. | War and society–Greece–Athens–History–To 1500. | War–Economic aspects–Greece–Athens– History–To 1500. | Taxation–Greece–Athens–History–To 1500. | Finance, Public–Greece– Athens–History–To 1500. Classification: LCC CJ459.A8 K35 2020 (print) | LCC CJ459.A8 (ebook) | DDC 737.4938/5–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020009518 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020009519 ISBN 978-1-107-01537-1 Hardback ISBN 978-1-107-68670-0 Paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01537-1 — The Athenian Empire Lisa Kallet , John H. Kroll Frontmatter More Information Contents List of Figures page vi List of Maps xix List of Table xx Preface xxi Chronological Table xxiii List of Abbreviations xxv 1 Introduction 1 2 The Silver Owl Coinage of Athens 13 3 Coinages of the Allied Cities 39 4 Numismatic Narratives in the Pentekontaetia, 479–431 BC 73 5 The Archidamian War, 431–421 BC 89 6 The Peace of Nikias and the Rethinking of Monetary Policy, 421–413 BC 104 7 The Ionian War and Loss of Empire, 413–404 BC 123 8 Epilogue: From Tribute to Taxation 140 Guide to Further Reading 146 Appendix A Weight Standards and Denominational Systems 148 Appendix B Hoards 152 Appendix C Glossary of Numismatic Terms 158 Bibliography 161 Index 170 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01537-1 — The Athenian Empire Lisa Kallet , John H. Kroll Frontmatter More Information Figures 1.1 Fragments of a marble stele inscribed with the tribute quota list for the year 440/39 BC (IG I3 272). Epigraphical Museum, Athens. page 5 Photograph reproduced from B. D. Meritt, M. F. McGregor, and H. T. Wade-Gery, The Athenian Tribute Lists, vol. 1. Cambridge, MA, 1939: fig. 35. 1.2 Fragment of the marble stele inscribed with the Decree of Kleonymos, probably 426/5 BC (O&R 152). Epigraphical Museum, Athens. 6 Photograph reproduced from B. D. Meritt, Documents on Athenian Tribute, Cambridge, MA, 1937: fig. 35. 1.3 Hoard of silver recovered at Zagazig in the Egyptian Nile Delta in 1901 (Appendix B. no 46). Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Münzkabinett. 8 Photograph of R. Saczewski, courtesy of B. Weisser. 1.4 The striking of ancient coins. 10 2.1 Silver “Heraldic” didrachms of Athens (c. 550–510s BC). 15 a. Horse’s hindquarters. 8.62 g. ANS 1944.100.24093. Courtesy of the American Numismatic Society. b. Chariot wheel. 8.16 g. ANS 1944.100.24095. Courtesy of the American Numismatic Society. 2.2 Silver “Heraldic” tetradrachm of Athens (510s BC). 17.00 g. Athens, Alpha Bank Numismatic Collection, inv. 7508. 15 Courtesy of Alpha Bank. 2.3 Archaic silver owl tetradrachms of Athens (c. 510s–480 BC). 16 a. 17.24 g. Munich (SNG 14. 25). Courtesy of Fotoabteilung der Staatlichen Münzsammlung. b. 16.98 g. ANS 1944.100.24127. Courtesy of the American Numismatic Society. c. 16.97 g. ANS 1980.109.55. Courtesy of the American Numismatic Society. d. 17.70 g. ANS 1957.172.1072. Courtesy of the American Numismatic Society. 2.4 Early Classical silver owl tetradrachms of Athens (478–c. 455 BC). 18 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01537-1 — The Athenian Empire Lisa Kallet , John H. Kroll Frontmatter More Information List of Figures vii a. 17.15 g. ANS 1944.100.24163. Courtesy of the American Numismatic Society. b. 16.76 g. ANS 1944.100.24183. Courtesy of the American Numismatic Society. c. 17.16 g. ANS 1968.34.24. Courtesy of the American Numismatic Society. 2.5 Early Classical owl decadrachm (early 460s BC). 42.13 g. Athens, Alpha Bank Numismatic Collection, inv. 10407. 18 Courtesy of Alpha Bank. 2.6 Other denominations of the Early Classical silver coinage of Athens (478–c. 455 BC). 18 a. Didrachm. 8.42 g. ANS 1944.100.24164. Courtesy of the American Numismatic Society. b. Drachma. 4.27 g. ANS 1968.34.20. Courtesy of the American Numismatic Society. c. Obol. 0.64 g. ANS 1944.100.24174. Courtesy of the American Numismatic Society. d. Hemiobol. 0.35 g. ANS 1944.100.24273. Courtesy of the American Numismatic Society. 2.7 Earlier Standardized silver owl tetradrachms of Athens (c. 455–440 BC). 20 a. 17.12 g. ANS 1941.153.540. Courtesy of the American Numismatic Society. b. 16.87 g. ANS 1941.153.546. Courtesy of the American Numismatic Society. c. 17.20 g. ANS 1955.54.193.