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The Case for Targeted Universalism

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The Case for Targeted Universalism Directions Vol 6 No 2/ vol 6, no 2 Guest Editor/Éditorialiste invité Lesley A. Jacobs. CRRF staff / Personnel de la FCRR Daniel Chong Finance and Administration Dominique Etienne Communications, Social Development Alissa Lu Finance Assistant Anne Marrian Support and Knowledge Base Melanie Moussa-Elaraby Executive Secretary Aren Sarikyan Project Associate Production Management/Direction de la production CRRF Board of Directors Dominique Etienne Conseil d’administration de la FCRR Translator/Traductrice Dominique Nanoff Albert Lo, Chairperson Claudia Patricia Càceres (Richmond, British Columbia) (Québec, Québec) Design & Layout/Conception et mise en page Dominique Etienne Toni Silberman Marge Nainaar (Ottawa, Ontario) (Saskatchewan) The CRRF is making an effort to be environmentally friendly by going paperless. Mr. Ashraf Ghanem Kenny Blacksmith (Fredericton, New Brunswick) (Gloucester, Ontario) La FCRR cherche a limiter son impact environemental en minimisant son utilisation de papier. Lyn Q. Chow Hakim Feerasta (Calgary, Alberta) (Toronto, Ontario) Contact us / Veuillez communiquer avec la : Canadian Race Relations Foundation Roman Melnyk Peter Campbel 4576 Yonge Street, Suite 701 (Toronto, Ontario) (Mississauga, Ontario) Toronto, ON. M2N 6N4 Tel: 416-952-3501 Fax: 416-952-3326 Toll-free tel: 1-888-240-4936 Toll-free fax:1-888-399-0333 Nazanin Afshin-Jam Ayman Al-Yassini email: [email protected] (British Columbia) Executive Director www.crrf-fcrr.ca Mission… The Foundation is committed to building a national framework for the fight against racism in Canadian society. We will shed light on the causes and manifestations of racism; provide independent, outspoken national leadership; and act as a resource and facilitator in the pursuit of equity, fairness and social justice. Founding… The CRRF was established as one part of the 1988 Japanese Canadian Redress Agreement to work at the forefront of efforts to combat racism in Canada. Under the terms of the agreement, the CRRF received a one-time endowment of $24 million. The CRRF has registered charitable status and operates on income derived from investments and donations. The Canadian Race Relations Foundation Act of 1990 was proclaimed by the federal government in October, 1996, and the CRRF opened its doors in November 1997. The CRRF is a crown corporation, working at arm’s length from the federal government. The direction of the CRRF is vested in its Board of Directors, consist- ing of a chair and other directors across Canada. An executive director manages the CRRF’s day-to-day operations. All are appointed by the federal Cabinet. Focus… The CRRF focuses on eliminating racism against racial minorities and Aboriginal peoples, with a particular emphasis on systemic discrimination in education and employment. Notre mission… La Fondation s’est engagée à instaurer un réseau national consacré à la lutte contre le racisme dans la société canadienne et à se faire le porte-parole du Canada sur la scène internationale. Elle met en lumière les causes et manifestations du racisme, s’exprime ouvertement et agit à titre de chef de file national indépendant. Grâce à la compétence de ses ressources, elle facilite la concrétisation des droits de tous les Canadiens et de toutes les Canadiennes en matière d’équité, d’égalité et de justice sociale. Historique… Créée à la suite de l’Entente de redressement à l’égard des Canadiens japonais, intervenue en 1988, la Fondation canadienne des relations raciales (FCRR) s’est engagée à être au premier plan des initiatives visant à combattre le racisme et toutes les formes de discrimination raciale au Canada. Conformément aux termes de cette entente, elle a reçu un fonds de dotation de 24 millions de dollars. Enregistrée à titre d’organisme de charité, elle exerce ses activités à l’aide des revenus provenant du fonds de dotation et de la collecte de fonds. La Fondation a été constituée par décret du gouverneur en conseil en octobre 1996 et a débuté officiellement ses activités en novembre 1997. Corporation de la Couronne n’ayant aucun lien de dépendance avec le gouvernement fédéral, elle est dirigée par un conseil d’administration composé d’un président et d’adminis- trateurs représentant les provinces et territoires. Le fonctionnement quotidien de la Fondation est assuré par sa directrice générale. Tous sont nommés par le gou- verneur en conseil. Nos objectifs… Les travaux de la Fondation sont principalement axés sur les minorités raciales et les peuples autochtones et, en particulier, l’élimination du racisme systémique dans les domaines de l’emploi et de l’éducation. Library and Archives Canada has catalogued this publication as follows: Données de catalogage avant publication de la Bibliothèque nationale du Canada Directions (Canadian Race Relations Foundation) Directions (Fondation canadienne des relations raciales) Directions : research reviews from the Canadian Race Relations Directions : research reviews from the Canadian Race Relations Foundation = Directions : comptes rendus préparés par la Fondation Foundation = Directions : comptes rendus préparés par la Fondation canadienne des canadienne des relations raciales. relations raciales Semiannual. Publication semestrielle Vol. 1, no. 1 (Mar. 2001)- Vol. 1, no. 1 (Mar.2001)- Title from cover. Titre de la page couverture Issues for 2011-have subtitles: research and policy on eliminating racism = Numéros de l’année 2011 – sous-titre : research and policy on eliminating racism = recherche et politique sur l’élimination du racisme. recherche et politiques sur l’élimination du racisme Includes some text in French. Comprend des textes en français Includes bibliographical references. ainsi que des références bibliographiques ISSN 1700-2109 ISSN 170-2109 I. Canadian Race Relations Foundation II. Title: Research reviews I. Canadian Race Relations Foundation. II.. Title : Research reviews from from the Canadian Race Relations Foundation. III. Title: Comptes rendus the Canadian Race Relations Foundation. III. Titre : Comptes rendus préparés par la préparés par la Fondation canadienne des relations raciales. IV. Title : Fondation canadienne des relations raciales. IV. Title : Research and policy on elimi- Research and policy on eliminating racism. V. Title: Recherche et politique nating racism. V. Titre : Recherche et politiques sur l’élimination du racisme. sur l’élimination du racisme. FC104.D47 2001- 305.8'00971'05 C2001-301214-2 FC104.D47 2001- 305.8’00971’05 C2001-301214-2 The analysis, views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the researchers and may not necessarily reflect the views of the Canadian Race Relations Foundation. Copyright © 2011 by the Canadian Race Relations Foundation Price: $22.50 CDN All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying or by any information storage or retrieval systems without the permission of the publisher. Les analyses, conclusions et opinions exprimées dans cette publication sont celles des chercheurs et ne sont pas nécessairement partagées par la Fondation canadienne des rela- tions raciales. Droits d’auteurs © 2011 détenus par la Fondation canadienne des relations raciales. Prix : 22,50 $CAN Tous droits réservés. Il est interdit de reproduire ou de transmettre cette publication, en totalité ou en partie, sous aucune forme, mécanique, électronique ou autre, notamment par procédé de photocopie ou par systèmes de mise en mémoire de récupération de l’information, sans le consentement exprès de la Fondation. 2 Fondation canadienne des relations raciales Directions Vol 6 No 2 PREFACE 48 Ayman Al-Yassini EDITORIAL 5 Editorial Commentary / Éditorial Lesley A. Jacobs ARTICLES & PAPERS 12 Normes internationales et la réforme du droit national: la difficile naissance de la loi contre la discrimination fondée sur la race 13 International Norms and Domestic Law Reform: The Difficult Birth of Hong Kong’s Racial Discrimination Law Carole Petersen 22 Les lacunes en matière de reconnaissance des titres de compétences étrangers au Canada: vers un universalisme ciblé 23 The Foreign Credentials Gap in Canada” The Case for Targeted Universalism Lorne Foster 37 Lois internationales sur les droits de la personne, discrimination fondée sur la race et droits à la santé aux États-Unis 38 International Human Rights Law, Racial Discrimination, the Right to Health in the United States Dabney Page Evans 45 De Durban au Canada: la création de la Coalition canadienne des municipalités contre le racisme et la discrimination (CMRD) 46 From Durban to Canada: the Development of the Canadian Coalition of Municipalities Against Racism and Discrimination (CMARD) Cynthia Lacasse 51 Mise en peuvre du plan d’action de la coalition canadienne des municipalités contre le racisme et la discrimination: les résultats du sondage auprès des membres Implementing CMARD’s Plan of Action: Member Survey Results Aaron Jacobs 55 La race et le narratif de l’identité canadienne 56 Identity and Race in a Multicultural World Cecil Foster 65 Non-discrimination et diversité culturelle: l’importance des droits culturels internationaux 66 Non-Discrimination and Cultural Diversity: The Importance of International Cultural Rights Nicole Aylwin 73 Les questions de la race dans l’imposition des peines aux passeurs de drogues au Canada: réduire les répercussions négatives dans un contexte de comparaison à l’échelle mondiale. 74 Race and the Sentencing of Drug Couriers in Canada: Reducing the Collateral Damage in an International
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