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Resistance of Nickel-Containing Alloys in Hydrofluoric Acid, Hydrogen Fluoride and Fluorine (Ceb-5)

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Resistance of Nickel-Containing Alloys in Hydrofluoric Acid, Hydrogen Fluoride and Fluorine (Ceb-5) CORROSION- RESISTANCE OF NICKEL-CONTAINING ALLOYS IN HYDROFLUORIC ACID, HYDROGEN FLUORIDE AND FLUORINE (CEB-5) A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO THE USE OF NICKEL-CONTAINING ALLOYS NO 443 Distributed by Produced by NICKEL INCO INSTITUTE CORROSION-RESISTANCE OF NICKEL-CONTAINING ALLOYS IN HYDROFLUORIC ACID, HYDROGEN FLUORIDE AND FLUORINE (CEB-5) A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO THE USE OF NICKEL-CONTAINING ALLOYS NO 443 Originally, this handbook was published in 1976 by INCO, The International Nickel Company, Inc. Today this company is part of Vale S.A. The Nickel Institute republished the handbook in 2020. Despite the age of this publication the information herein is considered to be generally valid. Material presented in the handbook has been prepared for the general in-formation of the reader and should not be used or relied on for specific appli-cations without first securing competent advice. The Nickel Institute, the American Iron and Steel Institute, their members, staff and consultants do not represent or warrant its suitability for any general or specific use and assume no liability or responsibility of any kind in connec-tion with the information herein. Nickel Institute [email protected] www.nickelinstitute.org Table of Contents Page Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Corrosion by Hydrofluoric Acid .......................................................................................................... 3 Nickel-Copper Alloys ............................................................................................................................ 3 Effect of Weld Metal Composition..................................................................................................... 5 Effects of Stress ................................................................................................................................ 7 Silver Brazing Alloys for Joining ....................................................................................................... 7 Copper-Nickel Alloys ............................................................................................................................ 7 Nickel 200 ............................................................................................................................................. 8 Nickel-Chromium Alloys ....................................................................................................................... 8 Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steels ...................................................................................................... 8 Chromium-Nickel-Molybdenum-Iron Alloys ........................................................................................ 8 HASTELLOY Alloys ............................................................................................................................. 9 ILLIUM Alloys ....................................................................................................................................... 9 Corrosion by Liquid Fluorine .............................................................................................................. 10 Corrosion by Hot Gaseous Fluorine .................................................................................................. 11 Corrosion by Hot Gaseous Hydrogen Fluoride ................................................................................ 13 Hydrofluoric Acid Manufacture ........................................................................................................... 14 Fluorine Production and Handling ..................................................................................................... 15 Electrolytic Cells and Electrodes ......................................................................................................... 15 Pumps, Piping and Cylinders .............................................................................................................. 16 Valves ................................................................................................................................................... 16 Disposal of Fluorine .............................................................................................................................. 17 Hydrofluoric Acid Alkylation Processes ............................................................................................ 17 Uranium Refining ................................................................................................................................... 19 Glass Etching ......................................................................................................................................... 20 Pickling of Cast Iron .............................................................................................................................. 21 Pickling of Special Steels ..................................................................................................................... 21 Compounds of Fluorine ....................................................................................................................... 23 Fluoboric Acid ....................................................................................................................................... 23 Fluosilicic Acid ...................................................................................................................................... 24 Sodium Fluosilicate .............................................................................................................................. 24 Zinc Fluosilicate .................................................................................................................................... 24 Inorganic Fluorides ............................................................................................................................... 26 Aluminum Fluoride ............................................................................................................................... 26 Ammonium Bifluoride ........................................................................................................................... 26 Boron Trifluoride ................................................................................................................................... 26 Oxygen-Fluoride Compounds ............................................................................................................. 28 Sodium Fluoride ................................................................................................................................... 28 Sodium Acid Fluoride ........................................................................................................................... 28 Stannous Fluoride ................................................................................................................................ 28 Other Metal Fluorides ........................................................................................................................... 29 Halogen Fluorides ................................................................................................................................. 29 Bromine Trifluoride ............................................................................................................................... 29 Chlorine Trifluoride ............................................................................................................................... 31 Perchloryl Fluoride ............................................................................................................................... 31 Molten Fluoride Salts ............................................................................................................................ 31 Organic Compounds of Fluorine ........................................................................................................ 32 Fluorocarbons ...................................................................................................................................... 32 Extrusion of Fluorocarbon Plastics ...................................................................................................... 33 Electrochemical Fluorination of Organics ........................................................................................... 33 References ......................................................................................................................................... 33,34 Trademarks ............................................................................................................................................. 35 Available Literature ............................................................................................................................... 36 Copyright © 1968, The International Nickel Company, Inc. Table 1 Nominal Compositions of Nickel Alloys in Use or Corrosion Tested Composition, % Ni Fe Cr Mo Cu C Si Mn Other Stainless Steels AISI Type 304 9.5 70 18 – – .08 max 0.5 1.5 – AISI Type 304L 10 69 18 – – .03 max 0.5 1.3 – AISI Type 316 13 65 17 2.0 min – .08 max 0.5 1.7 – AISI Type 316L 13 65 17 2.0 min – .03 max 0.5 1.8 – AISI Type 317 14 61 19 3.0 min – .08 max 0.4 1.6 – AISI Type 309Cb 13 64 21 – – – 1.0 max 2.0 max Cb-Ta 5XC min AISI Type 310 20 52 25 – – 0.25 max 1.0 max 2.0 max – AISI Type
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