An Introduction to Muslim Science
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Strategies of Defending Astrology: a Continuing Tradition
Strategies of Defending Astrology: A Continuing Tradition by Teri Gee A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology University of Toronto © Copyright by Teri Gee (2012) Strategies of Defending Astrology: A Continuing Tradition Teri Gee Doctorate of Philosophy Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology University of Toronto 2012 Abstract Astrology is a science which has had an uncertain status throughout its history, from its beginnings in Greco-Roman Antiquity to the medieval Islamic world and Christian Europe which led to frequent debates about its validity and what kind of a place it should have, if any, in various cultures. Written in the second century A.D., Ptolemy’s Tetrabiblos is not the earliest surviving text on astrology. However, the complex defense given in the Tetrabiblos will be treated as an important starting point because it changed the way astrology would be justified in Christian and Muslim works and the influence Ptolemy’s presentation had on later works represents a continuation of the method introduced in the Tetrabiblos. Abû Ma‘shar’s Kitâb al- Madkhal al-kabîr ilâ ‘ilm ahk. âm al-nujûm, written in the ninth century, was the most thorough surviving defense from the Islamic world. Roger Bacon’s Opus maius, although not focused solely on advocating astrology, nevertheless, does contain a significant defense which has definite links to the works of both Abû Ma‘shar and Ptolemy. As such, he demonstrates another stage in the development of astrology. -
The Islamic Golden Age (Part 2 of 2)
The Islamic Golden Age (part 2 of 2) Description: The second lesson on the ‘Golden Age’ of Islamic sciences and the contributions of Muslims to our civilization. By Imam Mufti (© 2015NewMuslims.com) Published on 14 Dec 2015 - Last modified on 25 Jun 2019 Category: Lessons >Social Interaction > The Muslim community Objectives · To learn about the institutions build by Muslim civilizations. · To learn about Muslim contributions to education, building libraries, environmentalism, geography, mathematics, and chemistry. Arabic Terms · Ummah - Refers to the whole Muslim community, irrespective of color, race, language or nationality. Quotation on Muslim Contribution to Civilization “…the civilization I’m talking about was the Islamic world from the year 800 to 1600, which included the Ottoman Empire and the courts of Baghdad, Damascus and Cairo, and enlightened rulers like Suleiman the Magnificent. Although we are often unaware of our indebtedness to this other civilization, its gifts are very much a part of our heritage. The technology industry would not exist without the contributions of Arab mathematicians. Sufi poet-philosophers like Rumi challenged our notions of self and truth. Leaders like Suleiman contributed to our notions of tolerance and civic leadership. And perhaps we can learn a lesson from his example: It was leadership based on meritocracy, not inheritance. It was leadership that harnessed the full capabilities of a very diverse population–that included Christianity, Islamic, and Jewish traditions. This kind of enlightened leadership — leadership that nurtured culture, sustainability, diversity and courage — led to 800 years of invention and prosperity.” - Carly Fiorina, former CEO of HP, in a speech given in Minneapolis, Minnesota on Sep 26, 2001 “Technology, Business, and Our Way of Life: What’s Next”. -
Downloaded File
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329572822 Interpretation in Muslim Philosophy Book · January 2012 CITATIONS READS 0 323 1 author: Abduljaleel Alwali United Arab Emirates University 3 PUBLICATIONS 0 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Abduljaleel Alwali on 11 December 2018. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Interpretation in Muslim Philosophy By Prof. Abdul Jaleel Kadhim Al Wali Philosophy Department Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences United Arab Emirates University Al Ain Abu Dhabi UAE Phone: +971-50-663-6703 [email protected] Abstract Muslim philosophers had been preoccupied with the question of interpretation since the Islamic Philosophy was first developed by its founder Al Kindi till its interpretative maturity by Ibn Rushd who represents the maturity of rationalism in Islamic Arab philosophy. Rational option was the most suitable for Arab Muslim civilization as it expresses the vitality of civilization and its ability to interact with other contemporary civilizations and trends. Islamic philosophy interpretation themes are various as they adopted the following terms: 1. Interpreting the approval of the Greek philosophy in Muslim culture. 2. Interpreting the relationship between religion and philosophy. 3. Interpreting the relationship between Mind and Mind ( Plato and Aristotle ) 4. Interpreting the relationship between nature and Metaphysics. The goals of interpretation for Muslim philosophers are different as Al Kind pointed that they are oriented towards the Greek philosophy in general and towards religion and philosophy in particular while Al Farabi pointed that they are oriented towards the Greek philosophy in general and towards Plato and Aristotle. -
The History of Arabic Sciences: a Selected Bibliography
THE HISTORY OF ARABIC SCIENCES: A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Mohamed ABATTOUY Fez University Max Planck Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Berlin A first version of this bibliography was presented to the Group Frühe Neuzeit (Max Planck Institute for History of Science, Berlin) in April 1996. I revised and expanded it during a stay of research in MPIWG during the summer 1996 and in Fez (november 1996). During the Workshop Experience and Knowledge Structures in Arabic and Latin Sciences, held in the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin on December 16-17, 1996, a limited number of copies of the present Bibliography was already distributed. Finally, I express my gratitude to Paul Weinig (Berlin) for valuable advice and for proofreading. PREFACE The principal sources for the history of Arabic and Islamic sciences are of course original works written mainly in Arabic between the VIIIth and the XVIth centuries, for the most part. A great part of this scientific material is still in original manuscripts, but many texts had been edited since the XIXth century, and in many cases translated to European languages. In the case of sciences as astronomy and mechanics, instruments and mechanical devices still extant and preserved in museums throughout the world bring important informations. A total of several thousands of mathematical, astronomical, physical, alchemical, biologico-medical manuscripts survived. They are written mainly in Arabic, but some are in Persian and Turkish. The main libraries in which they are preserved are those in the Arabic World: Cairo, Damascus, Tunis, Algiers, Rabat ... as well as in private collections. Beside this material in the Arabic countries, the Deutsche Staatsbibliothek in Berlin, the Biblioteca del Escorial near Madrid, the British Museum and the Bodleian Library in England, the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris, the Süleymaniye and Topkapi Libraries in Istanbul, the National Libraries in Iran, India, Pakistan.. -
IJR-1, Mathematics for All ... Syed Samsul Alam
January 31, 2015 [IISRR-International Journal of Research ] MATHEMATICS FOR ALL AND FOREVER Prof. Syed Samsul Alam Former Vice-Chancellor Alaih University, Kolkata, India; Former Professor & Head, Department of Mathematics, IIT Kharagpur; Ch. Md Koya chair Professor, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala , Dr. S. N. Alam Assistant Professor, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India This article briefly summarizes the journey of mathematics. The subject is expanding at a fast rate Abstract and it sometimes makes it essential to look back into the history of this marvelous subject. The pillars of this subject and their contributions have been briefly studied here. Since early civilization, mathematics has helped mankind solve very complicated problems. Mathematics has been a common language which has united mankind. Mathematics has been the heart of our education system right from the school level. Creating interest in this subject and making it friendlier to students’ right from early ages is essential. Understanding the subject as well as its history are both equally important. This article briefly discusses the ancient, the medieval, and the present age of mathematics and some notable mathematicians who belonged to these periods. Mathematics is the abstract study of different areas that include, but not limited to, numbers, 1.Introduction quantity, space, structure, and change. In other words, it is the science of structure, order, and relation that has evolved from elemental practices of counting, measuring, and describing the shapes of objects. Mathematicians seek out patterns and formulate new conjectures. They resolve the truth or falsity of conjectures by mathematical proofs, which are arguments sufficient to convince other mathematicians of their validity. -
El Incendio De La Biblioteca De Alejandría Por Los Árabes: Una Historia Falsificada
Byzantion Nea Hellás N° - , - EL INCENDIO DE LA BIBLIOTECA DE ALEJANDRÍA POR LOS ÁRABES: UNA HISTORIA FALSIFICADA Ricardo H. Elía Centro Islámico de la República Argentina Resumen: Los árabes nunca pudieron haber quemado la Biblioteca de Alejandría en 642 d. C. por la sencilla razón de que ésta hacía 250 años que ya no existía. Había sido destruida, en 391 por los mismos fanáticos que 25 años después asesinaron a Hipatia, la mujer más lúcida de la Antigüedad. Esta investigación está basada en fuentes que precisan el origen y la razón de la falsificación. Palabras claves: Biblioteca, califa, bibliología, biblioclasta, bibliofilo. FIRE FROM THE LIBRARY OF ALEXANDRIA BY THE ARABS: A HISTORY FAKE Abstract: The Arabs never could have burned the Library of Alexandria in 642 A.D. for the simple reason that it was 250 years that no longer existed. It had been destroyed in 391 by the same fanatics who 25 years later murdered Hypatia, the most clear-thinking woman of Classical times. This research is based on sources which specifies the origin and the reason of the forgery. Key words: Library, caliph, bibliology, biblioclast, bibliophile. Recibido: 23.01.13- Aceptado: 12.03.13 Correspondencia: Ricardo H. Elía. [email protected] Secretario de Cultura y Director del Departamento de Estudios Históricos del Centro Islámico de la República Argentina. Av. San Juan 3053 (1233) Buenos Aires, Argentina. Tel. (54-11) 4931-3577 (interno 113). 37 Ricardo H. Elía .: El incendio de la biblioteca de Alejandría por los árabes: una historia... lejandría fue fundada cerca del delta del Nilo por Alejandro el Grande (356-323 a. -
Al-Kindi, a Ninth-Century Physician, Philosopher, And
AL-KINDI, A NINTH-CENTURY PHYSICIAN, PHILOSOPHER, AND SCHOLAR by SAMI HAMARNEH FROM 9-12 December, I962, the Ministry of Guidance in Iraq celebrated the thousandth anniversary of one of the greatest intellectual figures of ninth century Baghdad, Abui Yuisuf Ya'qiib ibn Ishaq al-Kind? (Latin Alkindus).1 However, in the aftermath ofthis commendable effort, no adequate coverage of al-Kindl as a physician-philosopher ofardent scholarship has, to my knowledge, been undertaken. This paper, therefore, is intended to shed light on his intel- lectual contributions within the framework of the environment and time in which he lived. My proposals and conclusions are mainly based upon a study of al-Kindi's extant scientific and philosophical writings, and on scattered information in the literature of the period. These historical records reveal that al-Kindi was the only man in medieval Islam to be called 'the philosopher of the Arabs'.2 This honorary title was apparently conferred upon him as early as the tenth century if not during his lifetime in the ninth. He lived in the Abbasids' capital during a time of high achievement. As one of the rare intellectual geniuses of the century, he con- tributed substantially to this great literary, philosophic, and scientific activity, which included all the then known branches of human knowledge. Very little is known for certain about the personal life of al-Kind?. Several references in the literary legacy ofIslam, however, have assisted in the attempt to speculate intelligently about the man. Most historians of the period confirm the fact that al-Kindl was of pure Arab stock and a rightful descendant of Kindah (or Kindat al-Muliuk), originally a royal south-Arabian tribe3. -
International Journal of Medicine and Molecular Medicine
Article ID: WMC003549 ISSN 2046-1690 International Journal of Medicine and Molecular Medicine Medical Care in Islamic Tradition During the Middle Ages Corresponding Author: Dr. Mohammad Amin Rodini, Faculty Member, Department of Basice Science , Nikshahr Branch , Islamic Azad university,Nikashr - Iran (Islamic Republic of) Submitting Author: Journal Admin International Journal of Medicine and Molecular Medicine Article ID: WMC003549 Article Type: Review articles Submitted on:02-Jul-2012, 04:25:28 AM GMT Published on: 07-Jul-2012, 07:45:15 AM GMT Article URL: http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/3549 Subject Categories:MEDICAL EDUCATION Keywords:Medical care , Islam , Middle Ages ,Bimaristan (Hospital). How to cite the article:Rodini M. Medical Care in Islamic Tradition During the Middle Ages . WebmedCentral:International Journal of Medicine and Molecular Medicine 2012;3(7):WMC003549 Copyright: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License(CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. International Journal of Medicine and Molecular Medicine is an associate journal of Webmedcentral. WebmedCentral: International Journal of Medicine and Molecular Medicine > Review articles Page 1 of 14 WMC003549 Downloaded from http://www.webmedcentral.com on 07-Jul-2012, 07:45:15 AM Medical Care in Islamic Tradition During the Middle Ages Author(s): Rodini M Abstract Messenger (s.a.w) reiterated: “Pray for good health.” The man asked again: Then what? God’s Messenger (s.a.w) replied again: “Pray for good health and well being in this world and in the hereafter.”[3] The present paper is an endeavor to study some issues related to medical care and hospital during the Secondly, since healthy is the most prized, precious, Middle Ages. -
History of Medieval Philosophy
Syllabus 1 HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY TIME: TTh 5:00-6:15 INSTRUCTOR: Stephen D. Dumont CONTACT: Malloy 301 /1-3757/ [email protected] OFFICE HOURS: By appointment. · REQUIRED TEXTS (Note edition) Hyman- Arthur Hyman and James J. Walsh, Philosophy in the Middle Ages 2nd ed. Walsh (Hackett , 1983) Spade Paul V. Spade, Five Texts on Mediaeval Problem of Universals (Hackett, 1994) Wolter Allan B. Wolter, Duns Scotus Philosophical Writings (Hackett, 1987) · RECOMMENDED TEXT McGrade Steven A. McGrade, Cambridge Companion to Medieval Philosophy (Cam- bridge, 2003) · COURSE REQUIREMENTS Undergraduate Graduate 25% = Midterm (Take-home) 50% = Research Term paper (20 pages) 25% = Term Paper (10 pages) 50% = Final (Take-home) 50% = Take Home Final · SYLLABUS: [Note: The following syllabus is ambitious and may be modified as we progress through the course. Many readings will be supplied or on deposit for you to copy.] EARLY MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY · BOETHIUS 1. Universals: Second Commentary on the Isagoge of Porphyry (In Isagogen Porphyrii commenta) [Handout from Richard McKeon, Selections from Medieval Philosophers. (New York, 1930), 1:70-99; cf. Spade, 20-25] 2. Divine Foreknowledge and Future Contingents: Consolation of Philosophy V [Handout from John F Wippel and Allan B. Wolter. Medieval Philosophy: From St. Augustine to Nicholas of Cusa, Readings in the History of Philosophy. (New York: Free Press), 1969, pp. 84-99] · ANSELM 1. Existence of God: Proslogion 1-4; On Behalf of the Fool by Gaunilo; Reply to the Fool. [Hyman-Walsh, 149-62] Syllabus 2 · ABELARD, 1. Universals: Glosses on Porphyry in Logic for Beginners (Logica ingredientibus) [Spade, 26-56; cf. -
The Kitab Al-Shukuk'alas Jalinus of Muhammad Ibn Zachariya Al- Razi
Volume 2 Number 3 Payiz 1367 Medical Journal of the Safar 1403 Islamic Re ublic of Iran p Fall 1988 Medicine In Islamic Culture The "Kitab al-Shukuk'alas JItlinus" of Muhammad ibn Zachariya al-Razi M.MOHAGHEGH MJIRI, Vol.2, No.3, 207-212, 1988 A bilBakr Muhammad ibn Zachariya al-Razi,known this modest essay to bring al-Razi's critique of Galen to , as the "Galen of the Arabs,, l "the PhysiCIan par the attention of scholars of the history of medicine. ,, excellence of the Muslims, 2 and "Learned Master It is first necessary to point out that the Arabic term ,, (Allamah) of the Sciences of the Ancients, 3 was one of "shakk" Lit: "doubt") contained in the title is equiva the most widely-recognized and encyclopaedic philo lent to the Greek term "aporia" which gives the sense of sophers ever to appear in the Islamic world. He read "difficulty, hardship, confusion." In philosophical di with a number of teachers from Khurasan, al alectics it indicates a difficulty, problem, or enigma. Nishaburi,4 Abu Zayd al-Balkhi,5 and Ali ibn Rabban The addition of the Arabic preposition "ala" (here al-Tabari.6 He made a thorough study of medical parallel to the Greek "pros") further indicates objec practice in the hospitals of Rayy and Baghdad, finally tion and critique.16 Thus al-Razi, brings up certain acheving the rank of "resident surgeon" ("al-tabib "doubts" or "objections" to problematic points in al-maristani"). Al-Razi debated with many outstand which Galen has apparently entangled himself in his ing personalities of his time. -
On the Origin of Alpine Slovenes
On the Origin of Alpine Slovenes Aleš Iglič University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Some historians believe that Slovenes were drawn into the European cultural circle by (Bavarian) feudalism, although it is this very same feudalism that also prevented them access to the resources needed for their social and cultural development – it is precisely this fact, they suggest, that presented one of the most significant obstacles for the further development of the Slovene nation. We cannot agree with this viewpoint. Rather, Slovenes owe their inclusion in the medieval European civilisation, which originates from European antique traditions stemming from ancient Greece, primarily to Roman and other indigenous peoples, as well as to Christian missionaries from the non-Germanic parts of Europe (Iglič, 2007a), i.e. Ireland and the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, who spread Christianity and the culture of the antiquity in the region of the Diocese of Salzburg, from where missionaries came to Carantania, Carniola and Lower Pannonia (Fig. 1). The first Apostle of Carantania Modestus, for example, was sent to Carantania on the orders of the Irish monk Vergilius of Salzburg (Gruden, 1992). Overall, Irish monks contributed greatly to the preservation of the European civilisation in the Early Middle Ages also in other parts of Europe (Cahill, 1995). By passing on the preserved antique knowledge, for example literacy, onto the barbarian peoples, Byzantine missionaries from Greece and Aquileia (Grivec, 1927; Bratož, 1990) as well as Irish missionaries (monks) preserved the European civilisation, which is based on the accomplishments of ancient Greece in the fields of philosophy, science, art, and political organisation (democracy). -
Aristotle's Journey to Europe: a Synthetic History of the Role Played
Aristotle’s Journey to Europe: A Synthetic History of the Role Played by the Islamic Empire in the Transmission of Western Educational Philosophy Sources from the Fall of Rome through the Medieval Period By Randall R. Cloud B.A., Point Loma Nazarene University, 1977 M.A., Point Loma University, 1979 M. Div., Nazarene Theological Seminary, 1982 Submitted to the: School of Education Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies Program: Educational Policy and Leadership Concentration: Foundations of Education and the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation Committee: _______________________________________ Suzanne Rice, Chairperson _______________________________________ Ray Hiner _______________________________________ Jim Hillesheim _______________________________________ Marc Mahlios _______________________________________ Sally Roberts Dissertation Defended: November 6, 2007 The Dissertation Committee for Randall R. Cloud certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Aristotle’s Journey to Europe: A Synthetic History of the Role Played by the Islamic Empire in the Transmission of Western Educational Philosophy Sources from the Fall of Rome through the Medieval Period Dissertation Committee: _______________________________________ Suzanne Rice, Chairperson _______________________________________ Ray Hiner _______________________________________ Jim Hillesheim _______________________________________