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The Claypoles of Northborough in America

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The Claypoles of Northborough in America 121 THE CLAYPOLES OF NORTHBOROUGH IN AMERICA In a previous issue of NORTHAMPTONSHIRE PAST AND PRESENT (Vol. I, No. 4, page 23), Mr. Urwick Smith gave an account ofJohn Claypole, son-in-law of Oliver Cromwell and his Master of the Horse. He also described other members of the family of the Claypoles of N orthborough. Originally, a yeoman family from Kings Cliffe, the Claypoles increased in prosperity and status in the reign of Elizabeth I, acquiring the Manor of Northborough and a coat of arms shortly afterwards. A brief period of national prominence followed the marriage of John Claypole, son of the Puritan John Claypole, who sat as member for Northamptonshire in one of Cromwell's Parliaments. Naturally this came to an end at the Restoration of Charles II, but John Claypole was not deprived of his estates and was enabled to give his mother-in-law, Oliver Cromwell's widow, asylum at Northborough, where she died. As mentioned by Mr. Urwick Smith, James Claypole, who turned Quaker, and Norton Claypole (brothers of Cromwell's son-in-law), both went to America and in this article Mrs. Marion Balderston traces in some detail what happened to them there. WHAT happened to the prolific Claypole family of Northborough which, during the days of the Commonwealth, rose to be one of the most important families of Northamptonshire? John Claypole, who was Cromwell's son-in-law, carried it to the peak of its political importance, spent its revenues, mortgaged and finally sold its property; his twelve brothers and sisters scattered, some even as far as the New World. The best of that generation, James the Quaker, went to Pennsylvania. His letter book continues the family history.1 John, it would appear, was spoiled, wildly extravagant, arrogant; and had charm. The charm had brought him as his wife, Elizabeth, daughter of his father's friend Oliver Cromwell, with generous endowments from both parents. The young couple stayed first at Northborough, then left to follow Cromwell and live in the royal palaces the Protector annexed. John was addressed as Lord Claypole and Elizabeth as Prince-ss; it was a satisfactory life. John became Lord of the Bedchamber and Master of the Horse, his brother Edward was a captain, and Wingfield a colonel, in Cromwell's army, and young Graveley was a cornet, or the lad who carried the colours.2 The middle-class Claypoles haq come a long way from the prosperous yeoman J ames (John and James' great-grandfather) ofKmgs Cliffe, who in 1563 paid £5,000 for Northborough Manor and lands. He had also acquired a tomb and chantry in St. Andrew's church, a coat-of­ arms, and other amenities for the good life as lived in the seventeenth century. The manor house was old when J ames bought it, having been built by the de la Mare family as least two hundred years earlier, and it is possible that the east wing was already falling into ruin. It was probably James who modernized the house, cutting across the upper part of the great Hall to make a bedroom floor, and building hearths to take the place of the smoke hole in the roof of the original structure. Fortunately he left the crocketed gables and other carvings which make it one of the most interesting of the medieval small houses left in England.3 John's grandfather added a touch of nobility by marrying Dorothy Wingfield, the great Lord Burghley's niece, his father added wealth by marrying the daughter of a rich London 1 James Claypole's Letter-Book, ed. Marion Balder­ 354-55. ston (Huntingdon Library, California, 1966). 3 John Bridges History & Antiquities of North­ 2 Dictionary of National Biography, hereafter amptonshire (London, 1791), II, 528; Rebecca Graaf, DNB, also Pennsylvania Magazine of History & The Claypole Family (Philadelphia, 1893). Biography, hereafter PMHB, (Philadelphia, Pa.), X, 122 NORTHAMPTONSHIRE PAST AND PRESENT merchant. Cromwell made him a baronet. The family was well on its way to becoming one of the most powerful in England. Then came the year 1658. Elizabeth Cromwell Claypole died in August and the Protector followed her in a few weeks. Cromwell's son Richard made his peace with the Royalists, and (1660) Charles II came back to his father's throne. John returned to Northborough with his life and his freedom, and might have settled on his estates as a country gentleman-farmer had not his past glory spoiled him. Restless, and wishing to make a fortune without working, he tried medicine, 4 then matrimony. But his temper drove his wife away and he ended living in poverty in London as a third-class journalist. 5 Martha, the spinster sister, died at Northborough and was buried in St. Andrews in 1664.6 The other girls had left. Mary married William Leild, a justice of the peace and a Member of Parliament. Elizabeth married Dr. Alexander Staples, who took her to Ireland. Dorothy married a rich parson, Dr. Jeremiah Holled of Walgrave, near Kettering. By 1682 she was a widow, living with Wingfield at Northborough. Frances married a rich gentleman of Lincolnshire.7 Robert, the bachelor brother, became a linen-draper in London. He was buried in St. Andrews in 1658, and in his will, proved the following year, he called himself "Gent., of North­ borough".8 Edward, after a brief attempt to study law,9 went to Barbados, where he married a rich widow and managed a sugar plantation.10 Graveley lived with or near Wingfield; he made cider, which he sometimes shipped abroad.11 Norton married, borrowed money from brother J ames, went to Barbados and from there to what is now Delaware.12 Here he bought a thousand acre "plantation", with more money borrowed from James, and in 1681 sent for his wife Rachel and his young son J ames.13 Best of that generation of Claypoles was James, the fifth boy, born in 1634, who never benefitted from his family's importance. He was indentured to an English merchant in Germany and in 1658 married a Helena Mercer in Bremen, returning at once to London. He was just in time, had he wished, to attend Elizabeth Claypole's midnight funeral in the Abbey, or to see brother John in elaborate regalia, lead the riderless horse at Cromwell's funeral. James joined the Quakers, became one of the leading members of the Bull and Mouth Meeting, and a close friend of William Penn and George Fox. He had a large house in Scots Yard and a country home near Richmond. He had fourteen children, eight of whom lived to maturity.14 He probably had charm like his brother, but a far better temper, though he became increasingly irritable as he grew older. He either took over Robert~s business, or started his own; in any case, he prospered. His letter-book, covering three years, 1681-84, shows he had corres­ pondents in France, Germany, Portugal, Ireland and the West Indies. He was consulted about the writing of religious pamphlets. He managed financial affairs for his Meeting, and when Penn was given his colony of Pennsylvania, he helped draft the Frame of Government and the Charter of Liberties-models of liberal thought. "My hand is to both" he confessed. He was appointed Treasurer of the Free Society of Traders, from which much was expected, and it was not his fault that it failed. · John had made the mistake of siding actively with the Shaftesbury anti-Catholic faction, and it cost him one th·ousand pounds to get out of the Tower,15 much of it borrowed from James, and of course never paid back. In fact when J ames in 1683 disposed of his business and was ready 4 Roll of the Royal College of Physicians, ed. Dr. to the American Plantations (New York, 1880), 356, William Munk (London, 1878), I, 388; English 461, 468. Historical Review, V. 7, 37ff. 11 Claypole's Letter-Book. Norton's name appears 5 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, hereafter occasionally in the London Port Books, Public Record Cal.S.P.Dom., 1679-1680, 307, Ibid., 1682- 466, 468, Office. 477, Ibid., 1683-1684, 53-54. 12 Claypole's Letter-Book, also Hotton, p. 356. Nor­ 6 Bridges, II, 529. ton left Barbados in the Bachelor's Delight, that year 7 P MHB, X, 354-55. captained by Robert Greenway, who took over 8 Ibid. Robert's will is in Somerset House. William Penn in the Welcome in 1682. 9 John Foster, Register of Admissions to Grays Inn, 13 Claypole's Letter-Book. 1521-1889, (London, 1889), 283. 14 PMHB, XIV (1890), 86-87. 10 , J. Camden Hotten, Original Lists of Persons ... 15 Cal.S.P.Dom., 1680-1681, 466, 477. CLAYPOLE OF NORTHBOROUGH 1541 }OHN CLAYPOLE (CLEYPOLE, CLAYPOOLE, etc.), .... dau. of THOMAS METCALF yeoman, of KINGSCLIFFE ofWANSFORD I JAMES CLAYPOLE }OAN HENSON acquired the manor of N ORTHBOROUGH, 1563, died 1598 ~ I I I SIR }OHN CLAYPOLE PRANCES 0SBORNE I 1586 ANN }OHN NORTON DOROTHY MORRIS of NORTHBOROUGH, ADAM DOROTHY, of COTTERSTOCK BLUNT § having no heirs dau. of of 0 conveyed his estate ROBERT WINGFIELD, ~ LONDON tf.l to his brother neice of 0 ADAM, 1605 Lord BURGHLEY >%j z I I I ~ EDWARD RICHARD I 1622 other issue ;; living 1618 }OHN (1) MARY ANGELL 0 ~ aet. 20 heir to his (2) JANE BIRD 0 father, q M.P. for ~ N'hants, ...... 1654 z I I I 1647 WINGFIELD GRAVELEY NORTON BENJAMIN LUCY WHEATLEY ~ I I 1658 ~ }OHN = ( 1) ELIZABETH (Both fought in JAMES = HELEN MERCER went to Living 1706 Master dau.
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