Supplementary files: Data source of the meta-analysis datasets

No. Data source Remark

Lian, Xiaojuan, Li, Mingyue, Wang, Yan, Yang, Jun, Li, Zishuang, Zhang, Yuliang, Wang, Zhengxiang. Study on nitrate-N (in Chinese 1 leaching loss of cucumber in greenhouse under different nitrogen with an English managements[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2014, abstract) 30(10): 135-139 Bai, Youai. Studies on nutrient uptake and nitrous balance in (in Chinese 2 protected-field tomato in Beijing surburb[D]. Beijing: Chinese with an English Agriculture University, 2003. abstract) Hao, Jiangwei, Zhang, Xichun, Zhang, Chengjun, Li, Peng, Zhao, (in Chinese Tongke. Effect of application methods of nitrogen fertilizer on the 3 with an English nitrogen utilization of tomatoin green house[J]. Journal of Beijing abstract) University OF Agriculture, 2017, 32(3): 62-68 Wang, Xina, Tan, Lijun, Sun, Quan. The effects of fertilizer rate (in Chinese 4 and their ratios on soil nitrate content in solar greenhouse[J]. with an English Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2011, 32(4): 14-17 abstract) Cao, Qingjie, Sun, Quan, Li, Jianshe, Guo, Xinnian, Chen, Ru. (in Chinese Effect of N Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Cucumber and 5 with an English Optimum Application Rate of N in Greenhouse[J]. Northern abstract) Horticulture, 2010, (8): 1-4 Sun, Yuan, Hu, Kelin, Qiu, Jianjun, Jiang, Lihua, Xu, Yu. Simulation and Analysis of Nitrogen Loss, Water and Nitrogen (in Chinese 6 Use Efficiencies of Greenhouse Cucumber Under Different Water with an English and Fertilizer Managements[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, abstract) 46(8): 1635-1645 Ping, Li, Chao, Hu, Fan, Xiangyang, Zhao, Zhijuan, Fan, Tao, Qi, (in Chinese Xuebin. Root-layer soil nitrogen use of greenhouse tomatounder 7 with an English reducing nitrogen topdressing with reclaimed water irrigation[J]. abstract) Journal of Plant Nutrition & Fertilizer, 2013, 19(4): 972-979. Wu, Qifu. Studies on the major of nitrogen loss in the protected (in Chinese soil under different nitrogen fertilization and irrigation strategies 8 with an English during tomato growing seaseason[D]. Beijing:Chinese Acadamy abstract) of Agricultural Sciences, 2011. Yan, Peng. Studies on the nitrogen loss in sunlight greenhouse (in Chinese 9 under different water and nitrogen management during cucumber with an English growing season[D]. Beijing:Capital Normal University, 2012. abstract) Zhang, Yuan-lu. Relationship between Nitrous Oxide Emission (in Chinese and soil nitrogen accumulation from Greenhouse Vegetable Fields 10 with an English in Beijing by different measures of N[D]. Shihezi:Shihezi abstract) University, 2015. Zhang, Xuejun, Zhao, Ying, Chen, Xiaoqun, Wu, Lishu, Hu, (in Chinese Chengxiao. Nitrogen fertilizer effects on N recovery and residual 11 with an English soil NO3--N for greenhouse-grown tomato[J]. Acta Ecologica abstract) Sinica, 2007, 27(9): 3761-3768 Yu, Jing. Effect of Different N Application Rate on the Growth (in Chinese 12 and Yield of Pepper in Green House[J]. Anhui Agri.Sci.Bull, with an English 2014, 20(22): 59-61 abstract) Xie, Ankun. Nitrate accumulation and related control strategies in (in Chinese 13 the protected field of Beijing Suburb[D]. Beijing:Chinese with an English Acadamy of Agricultural Sciences, 2010. abstract) Sun, Jian. Studies on nitrogen utilization and balance of applied (in Chinese fertilizer in vegetable protected soils under greenhouse in Beijing 14 with an English surburb[D]. Beijing:Chinese Acadamy of Agricultural Sciences, abstract) 2012. Li, Ping, Qi, Xuebin, Hu, Chao, Zhao, Zhijuan, Fan, Xiangyang, Fan, Tao. Influence of Rhizosphere soil nitrogen supplying (in Chinese 15 capacity of greenhouse tomato under different nitrogen rate with with an English reclaimed water[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Consevation, 2012, abstract) 26(3): 67-71 Zhang, Lin. The Effects of Different Control Measures on Soil (in Chinese 16 Nitrogen Loss in Facility Vegetable Plantation[D]. with an English Hebei:Agricultural University of Hebei, 2014. abstract) Nie, Wenjing. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer and DCD application on (in Chinese 17 cucumber growth and environment in greenhouse[D]. with an English Hebei:Agricultural University of Hebei, 2012. abstract) Zhang J, Li H, Wang Y, et al. Multiple-year nitrous oxide (in Chinese 18 emissions from a greenhouse vegetable field in China: Effects of with an English nitrogen management[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017. abstract) Zhu, Jinghua, Li, Yuhua, Li, Mingyue, Gao, Wei. Effects of N, P, (in Chinese K on Output and Nutrient Cycling Under Greenhouse 19 with an English Condition[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin , 2013, (7): abstract) 148-154 Jiang, Huimin. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer management model on (in Chinese 20 nitrogen residue and utilization in greenhouse vegetable soil[D]. with an English Beijing:Chinese Acadamy of Agricultural Sciences, 2012. abstract) Hou, sen. Simulation and Evaluation of soil water and nitrogen (in Chinese 21 leaching in facility farmlands in Beijing suburb[D]. Beijing:China with an English Agricultural University, 2016. abstract) Dong, Pan, Zhang, Chengjun, Peng, Zhengping, Wang, Nannan, (in Chinese Zhao, Tongke. Nitrogen fertilizer optimization strategy for 22 with an English greenhouse cucumber production in Beijing suburbs [J]. Journal of abstract) Plant Nutrition and Fertitizer, 2016, 22(6): 1628-1635 Duan, Pengpeng. Effect of combined application N fertilizer and (in Chinese 23 manure on soil N supply capacity in greenhouse condition[D]. with an English Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University, 2016 abstract) Hao, Xiaoyu. Study on nitrient balance and optimized (in Chinese 24 management in soil-greenhouse vegetable system[D]. with an English Beijing:Chinese Acadamy of Agricultural Sciences, 2012 abstract) Zhou, Dan, Fu, Mingming, Wei, Jinming, Lou, Jilai, Jiang, Yong. (in Chinese Effects of nitrogen fertilization on nitrate transformation and 25 with an English accumulation in greenhouse vegetable fields[J]. Chinese Journal of abstract) Soil Science, 2011, 42(2): 407-411 Gao, Bing, Li, Junliang, Chen, Qing, Liu, Qinghua, Wang, Jing. (in Chinese Study on nitrogen management and irrigation methods of 26 with an English greenhouse tomato[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009, 42(6): abstract) 2034-2042 Zhang, Shoucai, Zhao, Zhengyu, Sun, Yonghong, Cai, Kui, Wang, (in Chinese Wenjiao, Zhao, Ming. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and 27 with an English potassium fertilizers on tomato cultivation in greenhouse[J]. Soils abstract) and Fertilizers Sciences in China, 2016, (2): 65-71 Lu, Kouping. Optimized management of nitrogen fertilizer and (in Chinese strategies for reducing nitrogen leaching loss in greenhouse 28 with an English vegetable field in Taihu Lake region[D], Nanjing: Nanjing abstract) Forestry University, 2011 Min, Ju. Nitrogen utilize and damnify as well as optimized (in Chinese management of nitrogen fertilizer applied to vegetable field of 29 with an English greenhouse in Taihu Lake region[D]. Yangling:Northwest A&F abstract) University, 2007 Feng, Jing, Sun, Wenchun, Jing, Xuefang. Preliminary report on the test of different dosage of cucumber nitrogen fertilizer in (in Chinese 30 greenhouse facilities in Xingqing district[J]. Ningxia Journal Of with an English Agriculture And Forestry Science And Technology, 2010, (5): 33- abstract) 34 Zhang, Guilong. Research on utilization and fate of nitrogen in (in Chinese 31 vegetable protected soils[D]. Beijing:Chinese Acadamy of with an English Agricultural Sciences, 2009 abstract) Li, Yinkun, Wu, Xueping, Wu, Qifu, Wu, Huijun. Effects of (in Chinese irrigation and nitrogen application on ammonia volatilization loss 32 with an English from vegetable fields under greenhouse cultivation [J]. Journal of abstract) Plant Nutrition and Fertitizer, 2016, 22(4): 949-957 Zhang, Hongwei, Kang, Lingyun, Liang, Bin, et al. Long-term (in Chinese heavy fertilization increases leaching risks of soil soluble organic 33 with an English nitrogen in vegetable greenhouse[J]. Transactions of the Chinese abstract) Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2013, 29(21): 99-107 Zhang Zhongxin, Li Yu’e, Hua Luo, et al. Effects of different (in Chinese 34 fertilizer levels on N2O flux from protected vegetable with an English land[J].Transactions of the CSAE, 2010, 26(5): 269－275. abstract) Li, Hu, Quantifying analysis on non-point source nitrogen (in Chinese 35 pollution in Xiaoqing River basin of Shandong Province[D]. with an English Beijing:China Agricultural University, 2009. abstract) Du, Huiying, Ji Hongjie, Xu, Aiguo, Zhang, Renlian, Cheng, Bo, (in Chinese Zhang, Weili. Study on the utilization of nitrogen fertilizer under 36 with an English greenhouse vegetable by N15 Tracer[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil abstract) Science, 2011, 42(6): 1446-1450 Yin, Chaozhen, Qu, Fufeng, Wang, Changsong, Chen, Liping. (in Chinese 37 Study on the nitrogen fertilizer efficiency of Chinese cabbage in with an English protected field[J]. Horticulture & Seed, 2011, (3): 53-55 abstract) Zhao, Fengyan, Wu, Fengzhi, Wang, Minqiu, Cong, Ling, Han, (in Chinese Shuxiang, Wang, Guicai. Study on the cucumber N application 38 with an English parameters in greenhouses[J]. Heilongjiang Agricultural Science, abstract) 2000, (6): 8-10 Liu, Changqing. Effects of different nitrogen rates on tomato yield, (in Chinese 39 quality and soil microorganism in greenhouse[J], Shandong with an English Agricultural Sciences, 2012, 44(12): 75-77 abstract) Cai, Xiaobin, Qiu, Xiaoqing, Xie, Zhongqing, Wang, Junqiang. (in Chinese Effects of different greenhouse membrane and nitrogen fertilizer 40 with an English on nitrogen utilization of greenhouse tomato[J]. Agricultural abstract) Development and Equipments, 2017, (1): 73-75 Sun, Wei. Effects of surbsurface irrigation methods and different (in Chinese nitrogen application amount on cucumber growth and nitrogen use 41 with an English efficiency on protected field[D]. Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural abstract) University, 2011 Chen, Huiling, Chu, Chao, Hu, Xianrong, Ye, Minghai. Effects of (in Chinese different dosage of nitrogen fertilizer and application of nitrogen, 42 with an English phosphorus and potassium on yield and quality of greenhouse abstract) tomato[J]. XianDai NongYe KeJi, 2015, (5): 106-107 Pang, Zhuo, Pang, Yun, Ren, Yonghong, Gao, Hongyan, Hu, Liying, Wang, Shengli, Zhou, Yong, Meng, Fanggang, Zhao, (in Chinese 43 Shenghou. Influence of the dosage of nitrogen fertilizer on the with an English content of nitrate and nitrite in greenhouse cucumber[J]. Journal of abstract) Northern Agriculture, 2016, 44(6): 9-13 Hao, Liping. Effects of nitrogen and potassium application to (in Chinese mineral nutrition and quality of cucumber cultivated in sheltered 44 with an English area[J], Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences, 2011, 39(3): 243- abstract) 246 (in Chinese Gao, Bing, Ren, Tao, Li, Junliang, Chen, Qing, Jiang, Rongfeng, 45 with an English Liu, Qinghua. Effects of irrigation strategies and N sidedressing on abstract) the yield and N utilization of greenhouse tomato[J], Plant Nuitrition and Fertilizer Science, 2008, 14(6): 1104-1109

Li, Ruonan, Wu, Xueping, Zhang, Yancai, Wang, Liying, Chen, lili, Qu, Fengzhi. Effects of reduced application of nitrogen and (in Chinese 46 irrigation on soil nitrate nitrogen content and nitrogen balance in with an English greenhouse production[J], Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, abstract) 49(4): 695-704 Wang, Chunxin, Effect of combined application N fertilizer and (in Chinese 47 manure on soil respiration in greenhouse condition[D]. with an English Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University, 2017 abstract) Bi, Xiaoqing, Shan, Nan, Du, Lianfeng, An, Zhizhuang, Zhao, Tongke, Zhang, Chengjun. Effects of nitrogen rates on tomato (in Chinese 48 yield and quality and soil nitrate accumulation under drip with an English irrigation in solar greenhouse[J]. Journal of Argro-Environment abstract) Science, 2013, 32(11): 2246-2250 Chen, Haiyan. Greenhouse gases emissions and influencing factors (in Chinese 49 from typical greenhouse vegetable fields in Beijing suburbs[D]. with an English Beijing:Chinese Acadamy of Agricultural Sciences, 2012. abstract) Wei, Li, Guan, Liru. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application level (in Chinese 50 on soil nitrate content in greenhouse tomato[J]. Vegetables, with an English 2010,(7): 36-37 abstract) Chen, Jian, Li, Weiyong, Wang, Zhiqiang. Application effect and (in Chinese 51 economic benefit analysis of vegetable nitrogen fertilizer[J]. with an English Xiandai Nongye Keji, 2014,(1): 104-106 abstract) Xu, Fuli, Guo, Jinsong, Wang, Zhen, Ma, Tao, Xu, Ming. Effect of (in Chinese N fertilizer application on the nitrate accumulation in garden mass 52 with an English and soil under facility agriculture[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil abstract) Science, 2006, 37(5): 924-927 Qin, Qiaoyan, Jia, Chenzhong, Tong, Yanan, Qu, Dong, Tian, (in Chinese Yingbing. Effect of nitrogen dose on nitrate-nitrogen accumulation 53 with an English in soil in protected cultivation[J]. Journal of Anhui Agri. Sci, abstract) 2007, 35(1): 152-153 Yao Z, Liu C, Dong H, et al. Annual nitric and nitrous oxide fluxes from Chinese subtropical plastic greenhouse and 54 conventional vegetable cultivations[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2015, 196:89-97. Ju M, Zhang H, Shi W. Optimizing nitrogen input to reduce nitrate 55 leaching loss in greenhouse vegetable production[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2012, 111(4):53-59. Li Yinkun, Wu Xueping, Guo Wenzhong, et al. Characteristics of (in Chinese 56 greenhouse soil N2O emissions in cucumber-tomatorotation with English system under different nitrogen conditions[J]. Transactions of the abstract) Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 4, 30(23): 260－267.

Li, Yutao. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer with DCD application on (in Chinese leaching of nitrogen and nitrous oxide emissions and ammonia 57 with English volatilization in tomato greenhouse[D]. Hebei: Agriculture abstract) University of Hebei, 2015 Hao, Xiaoyu, Gao, Wei, Wang, Yujun, Jin, Jiyun, Huang, Shaowen, Tang, Jiwei, Zhang, Zhiqiang. Effects of combined (in Chinese 58 application of organic manure and chemical fertilziers on N2O with English emssion from greenhouse vegetable soil[J]. Plant Nutrition and abstract) Fertilizer Science, 2012, 18(5): 1073-1085 Chen, Haiyan, LI, Hu, Wang, Ligang, Qiu, Jianjun. Characteristics (in Chinese and influencing factors on nitrous oxide emissions from typical 59 with English greenhouse vegetable fields in Beijing suburbs[J]. Soil and abstract) Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2012, (5): 5-10 Guo, R., Li, X., Christie, P., Chen, Q., & Zhang, F. (2008). Seasonal temperatures have more influence than nitrogen fertilizer 60 rates on cucumber yield and nitrogen uptake in a double cropping system. Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), 151(3), 443–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.04.008 He, F., Jiang, R., Chen, Q., Zhang, F., & Su, F. (2009). Nitrous oxide emissions from an intensively managed greenhouse 61 vegetable cropping system in Northern China. Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), 157(5), 1666–1672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.12.017 Zhang, Y. et al. Response of nitric and nitrous oxide fluxes to N fertilizer application in greenhouse vegetable cropping systems in 62 southeast China. Sci. Rep. 6, 20700; doi: 10.1038/srep20700 (2016). Min, J., & Shi, W. (2018). Nitrogen discharge pathways in vegetable production as non-point sources of pollution and 63 measures to control it. The Science of the Total Environment, 613- 614, 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.079 Min, J., Shi, W., Xing, G., Powlson, D., & Zhu, Z. (2012). Nitrous oxide emissions from vegetables grown in a polytunnel treated 64 with high rates of applied nitrogen fertilizers in Southern China. Soil Use and Management, 28(1), 70–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2011.00377.x LIU, Z.-H., JIANG, L.-H., LI, X.-L., HÄRDTER, R., ZHANG, W.-J., ZHANG, Y.-L., & ZHENG, D.-F. (2008). Effect of N and 65 K Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Greenhouse Vegetable Crops. Pedosphere, 18(4), 496–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002- 0160(08)60040-5 Zhang, L., Gao, L., Zhang, L., Wang, S., Sui, X., & Zhang, Z. (2012). Alternate furrow irrigation and nitrogen level effects on 66 migration of water and nitrate-nitrogen in soil and root growth of cucumber in solar-greenhouse. Scientia Horticulturae, 138, 43–49. ttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2012.02.003 JIANG, H.-M., ZHANG, J.-F., SONG, X.-Z., LIU, Z.-H., JIANG, L.-H., & YANG, J.-C. (2012). Responses of Agronomic Benefit 67 and Soil Quality to Better Management of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application in Greenhouse Vegetable Land. Pedosphere, 22(5), 650–660. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(12)60050-2 Liu, Q., Qin, Y., Zou, J., Guo, Y., & Gao, Z. (2013). Annual nitrous oxide emissions from open-air and greenhouse vegetable 68 cropping systems in China. Plant and Soil, 370(1-2), 223–233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1622-3 Yang J G, Zhang P F, Xiao hui N I, et al. Effects of Controlled Release Fertilizer on Soil Nitrate Leaching, N_2O Emission and 69 Fruit Yield and Quality in Greenhouse tomatoProduction System[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2014, 33(9):1849-1857.