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Israel: Background and U.S
Israel: Background and U.S. Relations Casey L. Addis Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs February 14, 2011 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL33476 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Israel: Background and U.S. Relations Summary On May 14, 1948, the State of Israel declared its independence and was immediately engaged in a war with all of its neighbors. Armed conflict has marked every decade of Israel’s existence. Despite its unstable regional environment, Israel has developed a vibrant parliamentary democracy, albeit with relatively fragile governments. The most recent national elections were held on February 10, 2009, ahead of schedule. Although the Kadima Party placed first, parties holding 65 seats in the 120-seat Knesset supported opposition Likud party leader Benjamin “Bibi” Netanyahu, who was designated to form a government. Netanyahu’s coalition includes his own Likud, Yisrael Beiteinu (Israel Our Home), Shas, Habayet Hayehudi (Jewish Home), the United Torah Judaism (UTJ), and the new Ha’atzmout (Independence) party. The coalition controls 66 of 120 Knesset seats. Israel has an advanced industrial, market economy with a large government role. Israel’s foreign policy is focused largely on its region, Europe, and the United States. Israel’s foreign policy agenda begins with Iran, which it views as an existential threat due to Tehran’s nuclear ambitions and support for terrorism. Achieving peace with its neighbors is next. Israel concluded peace treaties with Egypt in 1979 and Jordan in 1994, but not with Syria and Lebanon. Recent unrest in Egypt is rekindling latent anxiety in Israel about the durability of the peace treaty Egypt and Israel have relied upon for 30 years. -
Dod OIG Semiannual Report to the Congress April 1, 2012 Through
Department of Defense Department of Defense Inspector General Inspector General 4800 Mark Center Drive 4800 Mark Center Drive Alexandria, VA 22350-1500 Alexandria, VA 22350-1500 www.dodig.mil www.dodig.mil Defense Hotline 1.800.424.9098 Defense Hotline 1.800.424.9098 INSPECTOR GENERAL DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 4800 MARK CENTER DRIVE ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA 22350-1500 I am pleased to present the Department of Defense Inspector General Semiannual Report to Congress for the reporting period April 1 through September 30, 2012. We are dedicated to detecting and preventing fraud, waste, and abuse while improving the effectiveness of DoD programs and operations. Our statutory authority places us in a unique position to directly impact DoD programs and operations to sustain mission-essential activities. To this end, we conduct oversight to help ensure that the warfighter and DoD personnel are best equipped to fullfil the critical mission of defending our country. This report highlights our work related to operations in Afghanistan and warrior care, along with some of our most significant audits, investigations, and inspections. To accomplish our important mission, we work jointly with our counterpart agencies within the Defense oversight community, including the Army Audit Agency, Naval Audit Service, Air Force Audit Agency, Army Criminal Investigation Command, Naval Criminal Investigative Service, Air Force Office of Special Investigations, and the Defense Contract Audit Agency. We thank them for their contributions to this report. We issued 79 reports that identified $2.8 billion in potential monetary benefits during this reporting period. The Defense Criminal Investigative Service, working closely with our counterpart law enforcement agencies, conducted investigations that resulted in 72 arrests, 167 criminal convictions, Principal Deputy 37 suspensions, and 136 debarments, generating a return of $3.3 billion to the U.S. -
LESSON,S LE,. RNED FI ,C M the CLEMEI',Atine MISSION
NASA/CR- y ...-. 207442 /_/_--_ _:(-,/- "_ _','_ /,_-z2- c,,<.. LESSON,S LE,. RNED FI_,C_M THE CLEMEI',aTINE MISSION COPY JUL 2 2 199T LANGLEYRESEARCHCENIER LIBRARYNASA SPACE STUDIESBOARD HAMPTON,VIRGINIA NATIONAL RESEARCHCOUNCIL Lessons Learned from the Clementine Mission Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration Space Studies Board Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications National Research Council 'LIBRARY JUL221997 LANGLEYRESEARCHCENTER LIBRARY NASA HAMPTON, VIRGINIA NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C. 1997 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences. -
To All the Craft We've Known Before
400,000 Visitors to Mars…and Counting Liftoff! A Fly’s-Eye View “Spacers”Are Doing it for Themselves September/October/November 2003 $4.95 to all the craft we’ve known before... 23rd International Space Development Conference ISDC 2004 “Settling the Space Frontier” Presented by the National Space Society May 27-31, 2004 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Location: Clarion Meridian Hotel & Convention Center 737 S. Meridian, Oklahoma City, OK 73108 (405) 942-8511 Room rate: $65 + tax, 1-4 people Planned Programming Tracks Include: Spaceport Issues Symposium • Space Education Symposium • “Space 101” Advanced Propulsion & Technology • Space Health & Biology • Commercial Space/Financing Space Space & National Defense • Frontier America & the Space Frontier • Solar System Resources Space Advocacy & Chapter Projects • Space Law and Policy Planned Tours include: Cosmosphere Space Museum, Hutchinson, KS (all day Thursday, May 27), with Max Ary Oklahoma Spaceport, courtesy of Oklahoma Space Industry Development Authority Oklahoma City National Memorial (Murrah Building bombing memorial) Omniplex Museum Complex (includes planetarium, space & science museums) Look for updates on line at www.nss.org or www.nsschapters.org starting in the fall of 2003. detach here ISDC 2004 Advance Registration Form Return this form with your payment to: National Space Society-ISDC 2004, 600 Pennsylvania Ave. S.E., Suite 201, Washington DC 20003 Adults: #______ x $______.___ Seniors/Students: #______ x $______.___ Voluntary contribution to help fund 2004 awards $______.___ Adult rates (one banquet included): $90 by 12/31/03; $125 by 5/1/04; $150 at the door. Seniors(65+)/Students (one banquet included): $80 by 12/31/03; $100 by 5/1/04; $125 at the door. -
Report by the Military and Veterans Affairs Committee and the Task Force on the Rule of Law Condemning Presidential Pardons of Accused and Convicted War Criminals
CONTACT POLICY DEPARTMENT ELIZABETH KOCIENDA 212.382.4788 | [email protected] MARY MARGULIS-OHNUMA 212.382.6767 | [email protected] REPORT BY THE MILITARY AND VETERANS AFFAIRS COMMITTEE AND THE TASK FORCE ON THE RULE OF LAW CONDEMNING PRESIDENTIAL PARDONS OF ACCUSED AND CONVICTED WAR CRIMINALS On May 6, 2019 and November 15, 2019, President Trump pardoned three Army officers convicted or accused of war crimes: (i) First Lieutenant (“1LT”) Michael Behanna, who was convicted of executing a prisoner he was ordered to release, (ii) 1LT Clint Lorance, who was convicted of numerous crimes, including the murder of two men his soldiers agreed posed no threat to them, and (iii) Major (“MAJ”) Mathew Golsteyn, who was about to stand trial for the murder of a suspected Taliban bombmaker he was ordered to release — and who MAJ Golsteyn repeatedly confessed to killing. The pardoning of military members convicted or accused of battlefield murders appears to be unprecedented in American history.1 These pardons were deeply opposed by many top military commanders because there was no justifiable basis for them, such as a legitimate claim of innocence.2 As former Marine Corps Commandant Charles Krulak stated before the pardons occurred, “[i]f President Trump follows through on reports that he will . pardon[] individuals accused or convicted of war crimes, he will betray [our] ideals and undermine decades of precedent in American military justice that has contributed to making our country’s fighting forces the envy of the world.”3 And as the head of U.S. Army Special Operations Command recently stated in a memo rejecting MAJ Golsteyn’s request to reinstate his Special Warfare tab, President Trump’s preemptive pardon “does not erase or expunge the record of offense charges and does not indicate [MAJ Golsteyn’s] innocence.”4 Instead, what underlies these pardons are President Trump’s misguided views that the 1 The closest example appears to be 2LT William L. -
Copyright by John Michael Meyer 2020
Copyright by John Michael Meyer 2020 The Dissertation Committee for John Michael Meyer Certifies that this is the approved version of the following Dissertation. One Way to Live: Orde Wingate and the Adoption of ‘Special Forces’ Tactics and Strategies (1903-1944) Committee: Ami Pedahzur, Supervisor Zoltan D. Barany David M. Buss William Roger Louis Thomas G. Palaima Paul B. Woodruff One Way to Live: Orde Wingate and the Adoption of ‘Special Forces’ Tactics and Strategies (1903-1944) by John Michael Meyer Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin May 2020 Dedication To Ami Pedahzur and Wm. Roger Louis who guided me on this endeavor from start to finish and To Lorna Paterson Wingate Smith. Acknowledgements Ami Pedahzur and Wm. Roger Louis have helped me immeasurably throughout my time at the University of Texas, and I wish that everyone could benefit from teachers so rigorous and open minded. I will never forget the compassion and strength that they demonstrated over the course of this project. Zoltan Barany developed my skills as a teacher, and provided a thoughtful reading of my first peer-reviewed article. David M. Buss kept an open mind when I approached him about this interdisciplinary project, and has remained a model of patience while I worked towards its completion. My work with Tom Palaima and Paul Woodruff began with collaboration, and then moved to friendship. Inevitably, I became their student, though they had been teaching me all along. -
Left in the Dark
LEFT IN THE DARK FAILURES OF ACCOUNTABILITY FOR CIVILIAN CASUALTIES CAUSED BY INTERNATIONAL MILITARY OPERATIONS IN AFGHANISTAN Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 3 million supporters, members and activists in more than 150 countries and territories who campaign to end grave abuses of human rights. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. First published in 2014 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW United Kingdom © Amnesty International 2014 Index: ASA 11/006/2014 Original language: English Printed by Amnesty International, International Secretariat, United Kingdom All rights reserved. This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not for resale. The copyright holders request that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. For copying in any other circumstances, or for reuse in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publishers, and a fee may be payable. To request permission, or for any other inquiries, please contact [email protected] Cover photo: Bodies of women who were killed in a September 2012 US airstrike are brought to a hospital in the Alingar district of Laghman province. © ASSOCIATED PRESS/Khalid Khan amnesty.org CONTENTS MAP OF AFGHANISTAN .......................................................................................... 6 1. SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... 7 Methodology .......................................................................................................... -
CI TRENDS CI Trends: Espionage Related 1 Activity in Southern California Espionage Related Activity in Southern California, Part 2
COUNTERINTELLIGENCE AND CYBER NEWS AND VIEWS Corporate Headquarters 222 North Sepulveda Boulevard, Suite 1780 El Segundo, California 90245 (310) 536-9876 www.advantagesci.com COUNTERINTELLIGENCE AND CYBER NEWS AND VIEWS MARCH 2012 VOLUME 1 ISSUE 3 Inside this Issue CI TRENDS CI Trends: Espionage Related 1 Activity in Southern California Espionage Related Activity in Southern California, Part 2 Suspect Counterfeit Electronic 2 In last month’s newsletter, we had only illustrative of one of the oldest techniques Parts Can Be Found on scraped the surface of espionage and used in espionage. The fine art of Front Companies: Who Is the 7 End User? national security related crimes occurring seduction has been used throughout DARPA’s Shredder Challenge 9 within the Los Angeles area. As one of the history to obtain classified information purposes of this newsletter includes serving from males and females. In the cases of Threats To Nanotechnology 10 as an educational tool, the use of actual Data Exfiltration and Output 11 Richard Miller and J.J. Smith, both were Devices - An Overlooked cases to illustrate how espionage has seduced, and then they betrayed the How spies used Facebook to 14 occurred in the past serves to meet this confidences placed in them by the U.S. steal Nato chiefs’ details purpose. Government. Extracts from Wikipedia pertaining to Miller and Smith (not a Retired agent suspected of 16 Everyone likes to hear “spy stories”, except Espionage spying for China: definitive source, but very illustrative for when they hit closest to home. Then the these two cases) follow: ARRESTS, TRIALS, 17 stories are not so fun to hear. -
Space Resources : Social Concerns / Editors, Mary Fae Mckay, David S
Frontispiece Advanced Lunar Base In this panorama of an advanced lunar base, the main habitation modules in the background to the right are shown being covered by lunar soil for radiation protection. The modules on the far right are reactors in which lunar soil is being processed to provide oxygen. Each reactor is heated by a solar mirror. The vehicle near them is collecting liquid oxygen from the reactor complex and will transport it to the launch pad in the background, where a tanker is just lifting off. The mining pits are shown just behind the foreground figure on the left. The geologists in the foreground are looking for richer ores to mine. Artist: Dennis Davidson NASA SP-509, vol. 4 Space Resources Social Concerns Editors Mary Fae McKay, David S. McKay, and Michael B. Duke Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas 1992 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Scientific and Technical Information Program Washington, DC 1992 For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328 ISBN 0-16-038062-6 Technical papers derived from a NASA-ASEE summer study held at the California Space Institute in 1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Space resources : social concerns / editors, Mary Fae McKay, David S. McKay, and Michael B. Duke. xii, 302 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.—(NASA SP ; 509 : vol. 4) 1. Outer space—Exploration—United States. 2. Natural resources. 3. Space industrialization—United States. I. McKay, Mary Fae. II. McKay, David S. III. Duke, Michael B. IV. United States. -
Israel: Background and Relations with the United States
Israel: Background and Relations with the United States Carol Migdalovitz Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs January 7, 2010 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL33476 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Israel: Background and Relations with the United States Summary On May 14, 1948, the State of Israel declared its independence and was immediately engaged in a war with all of its neighbors. Armed conflict has marked every decade of Israel’s existence. Despite its unstable regional environment, Israel has developed a vibrant parliamentary democracy, albeit with relatively fragile governments. Early national elections were held on February 10, 2009. Although the Kadima Party placed first, parties holding 65 seats in the 120- seat Knesset supported opposition Likud party leader Benjamin “Bibi” Netanyahu, who was designated to form a government. Netanyahu put together a coalition comprising his own Likud, Yisrael Beiteinu (Israel Our Home), Shas, Labor, Habayet Hayehudi (Jewish Home), and the United Torah Judaism (UTJ) parties which controls 74 Knesset seats. Israel has an advanced industrial, market economy with a large government role. Israel’s foreign policy is focused largely on its region, Europe, and the United States. Israel’s foreign policy agenda begins with Iran, which it views as an existential threat due to Tehran’s nuclear ambitions and support for anti-Israel terrorists. Achieving peace with its neighbors is next. Israel concluded peace treaties with Egypt in 1979 and Jordan in 1994, but not with Syria and Lebanon. Israel unilaterally withdrew from southern Lebanon in 2000. Hezbollah, which then took over the south, sparked a 34-day war when it kidnapped two Israeli soldiers on July 12, 2006. -
Towing Asteroids Into Earth Orbits For
LATEST DEVELOPMENTS IN SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION, SATELLITE SOLAR POWER, AND SPACE HABITATS richer sources of materials. The "heretical" approach skips the lunar surface and goes directly to the asteroids. Even more outrageous things will be reported in coming months-laser launched rockets ($2O/kg to geosynch) and high performance solar sails, etc. But for now .... Towing Asteroids into Earth Orbits for Exploration and Exploitation Special Session of the Eighth Lunar All but the newest readers of the Science Conference, March 16, 1977 L-5 News are familiar with the organized by Dr. David Criswell "orthodox" aporoach to space habitation/industrialization. In this Two recent developments encourage approach, the lunar surface is used to immediate consideration of the supply new materials, though mention is possibility of bringing asteroids into given to the later use of asteroids as orbits about the Earth for exploration Published monthly by L-5 Society, Inc., at 1620 N. Park Ave., Tucson, AZ 85719, Subscription price: L-5 Society members, $3.00 per year, included in dues ($20.00 per year, students $10.00 per year). Subscription price to non-members available on request. Single copies, when available, $1.00 each. Send Form 3579, ADDRESS CHANGES AND SUBSCRIPTION ORDERS to L-5 SOCIETY. 1620 N. PARK AVE., TUCSON, AZ 85719. Second class postage paid at Tucson, Arizona. ¢1977 L-5 Society. All Rights Reserved. and exploitation: per year of new electrical generating and allow industrially significant (1) The distribution of crater sizes on capacity.) The first remotely located production of synthetic fuels for the Moon, Mars, Mercury, and the Earth, ground/sea stations are designed to immediate input to the U.S. -
U.S. Recognition of a Commander's Duty to Punish War Crimes
U.S. Recognition of a Commander’s Duty to Punish War Crimes Brian Finucane 97 INT’L L. STUD. 995 (2021) Volume 97 2021 Published by the Stockton Center for International Law ISSN 2375-2831 U.S. Recognition of a Duty to Punish War Crimes Vol. 97 U.S. Recognition of a Commander’s Duty to Punish War Crimes Brian Finucane∗ CONTENTS I. Introduction ............................................................................................. 996 II. War Crimes and Command Responsibility ......................................... 997 III. U.S. Recognition of the Duty to Punish .............................................. 998 A. U.S. Articles of War...................................................................... 998 B. Proposed Post-World War I War Crimes Tribunal ............... 1000 C. Post-World War II War Crimes Trials .................................... 1002 D. U.S. Army Field Manual and the Necessary and Reasonable Standard .................................................................. 1004 E. Codifications of the Duty to Punish and U.S. Views ............ 1005 IV. Contrary Evidence ................................................................................ 1017 V. Conclusion ............................................................................................. 1017 ∗ I thank Ian Brasure, Eugene Fidell, Ryan Goodman, Chris Jenks, and Michael Meier for their thoughtful comments. Any errors are my own. This article is adapted from Brian Finucane, A Commander’s Duty to Punish War Crimes: Past U.S. Recognition, JUST