THE ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTEENTH

Annual Report

o f the

American Board of Commissioners ' r *! for Foreign Missions

PUBLISHED BY THE BOARD Congregational House

14 B eacon Street

B oston Contents ' P age T a b u l a e V ie w o f M is s io n s ...... 3

M e d ic a l S t a t is t ic s ...... 4

O rganization o r t h e A m e r ic a n B o a r d ...... 5

C o m m it t e e s S e r v in g in 1 9 2 4 ...... 6

O rganization o f t h e W o m a n ’s B o a r d ...... 6

M in u t e s o f t h e A n n u a l M e e t i n g ...... 7 Committees Appointed ... . 7 Reports of Officers ...... 9 Resolutions Concerning the Work in Turkey 9 Election of Officers...... 10

H o m e D e p a r t m e n t A Year of Encouragement. 14 The District Offices ... 14 Appointees ... 16 A Great Deliverance ...... 17 Some Future Problems ...... 19

T h e F ie l d s Africa M issions ...... 20 The Near East Missions (Turkey and the Balkans) 41 India and Ceylon Missions ...... 64 China Missions ...... 103 Japan M ission ...... 144 Missions in the Islands and Papal Lands... 160 Philippines ...... 160 M ic ro n e sia ...... 167 M e x ic o ...... 170 S p a i n ...... 176 Czechoslovakia ...... 178

T h e T r e a s u r y The Treasurer’s Report for the Year Ending August 31,1923... . 181 Auditors’ Certificate ...... 185 Assets. . 192 Liabilities ...... 193 Investment of Trust Funds ...... 194 Summary of Investm ents ...... 210 Trust Funds ...... 211

C o m p a r a t iv e R e c o r d s Receipts of the Board ...... 219 Missionaries of the Board ... . 220 Corporate Members of the Board ... 226 Officers of the Board ...... 233 Places of Meetings and Preachers ...... 235 TABULAR VIEW OF THE MISSIONS OF A. B. C. F. M. FOR THE YEAR 1922-23

M issionaries N a t i v e F o r c e C h u r c h St a t i s t i c s E d u c a t i o n a l St a t i s t i c s

M i s s i o n s ship schools schools other other schools When When established Outstations Ordained Wives Ordained Ordained preachers Single Single women Total missionaries Unordained Unordained preachers Teachers Other native laborers Total native laborers Places Places of regular meeting Communicants Added last year Total constituency Sunday Sunday schools Theological and training Sunday Sunday school member­ Students Students Secondary or middle Students Primary, elementary and Native contributions Pupils Total under instruction 1 Stations 1 Men 1 not ordained g 1 | Colleges|

South Africa: Zulu Branch...... 1835 22 184 11 5 Ifi 9 41 15 «4 147 986 316 6,061 535 24,168 54 2,332 2 108 9 451 82 4,551 5,771 $23,541 Rhodesia Branch 1893 3 1« 4 fi 10 5 25 1 33 64 93 17 630 55 2,100 5 443 1 6 2 263 18 1,495 1,675 165 West Central Africa1 1880 6 205 10 6 12 11 39 225 26? 157 644 215 983 225 45,875 35 3,144 2 117 104 12.65C 12,767 636 Bulgaria ...... 18SV 3 37 6 1 7 7 21 18 3 19 9 49 39 1,115 56 3,065 31 1,362 2 214 89 2 60 363 6,546 Westenf Turkey .. 1819 7 12 17 11 26 25 79 13 82 fi 4 105 25 1,021 32 3,118 14 478 1 24 1 20 fi 956 7 503 1,512 *15,000 Central Turkey1, 5.. 1847 4 18 7 2 8 17 34 7 13 92 23 135 20 3,000 12,665 8 1,870 2 9 4 309 1 1,070 1,388 *7,000 Eastern Turkey 183 b 1 3 3 fi 12 M arathi...... 1813 9 145 13 3 15 19 50 42 32 40fi 128 fi08 193 9,105 515 16,387 182 8,203 5 106 8 761 280 7,893 8,660 7,755 Madura ...... 1834 10 393 19 5 23 14 fil 29 125 583 173 910 393 9,142 8G7 20,724 281 10,903 5 413 1 428 2 956 284 13,126 14,923 32,117 Ceylon ...... 1816 6 41 1 5 7 19 11 11 418 fi 129 569 44 2,518 91 14,696 57 8,098 1 11 1 60 12 2,144 95 9,219 11,434 23,962 Foochow1...... 184V 3 71 10 7 I f ) 17 50 15 37 180 50 288 75 2,440 143 6,067 55 3,238 1 15 2 25 2 186 95 3,790 4,234 19,178 Shaowu ...... 1918 2 35 4 2 8 20 5 34 31 fi 91 161 52 1,0/9 113 2,500 32 1,689 2 59 49 1,494 1,553 5,176 North China...... 1854 7 188 31 15 4fi 49 141 331 330 fi 82 749 458 l,fi00 1 1,479 27,350 37 4,722 7 419 1 27 6 844 1R1 6,317 7,607 32,936 J a p a n ...... 1869 12 46 20 2 21 27 70 82 35 17 134 263 4,23/ *1,000 30,000 245 19,287 3 93 2 1,905 10 5,410 17 923 8,291 180,184 Micronesia1...... 1852 2 til 3 3 10 27 I f i 13 66 78 3,086 110 9,703 83 2,200 1 55 20 724 779 *1,000 Philippines1...... 1903 2 21 4 2 6 2 14 4 15 9 5 33 44 1,940 259 8,800 48 2.OS0 1 8 2 7 4 243 260 714 M e x ic o ...... 18/2 5 11 4 1 5 1fi 10 6 fi ?3 1 40 34 V14 133 1,797 19 897 2 43 7 369 414 12,767 S p a in ...... 18/2 1 5 1 1 2 5 1 19 1 26 fi 2bfi 16 2,500 fi 473 2 1 73 6 713 788 1,252 Czechoslovakia 1872 1 110 1 1 2 ... 20 10 3 33 140 3,250 389 12,000 62 1,789 1 6 15,000 Totals* ...... 106 1,599 167* 735 229» 2337 702* 295 1,032 2,785 1,519 5,710 2,446 4,817 6,018 252,850 1,268 68,771 28 1,211 12 2,696 69 12,723 1,232 65,140 82,419 $384,929 South China ...... 33 1 1 1 1 3 2 24 44 11 81 34 2,680 3,335 14 633

4 Of whom 2 are t N c t gain 1 Repeated from last year 5 o f wh0m 31 are *Estimate 2 Figures in part an estimate 6 Of whom 4 are 3 The totals include the statistics below for 7 Of whom 12 are South China, no longer a mission 8 Of whom 49 are MEDICAL STATISTICS FOR THE AMERICAN BOARD

1922-1923

P h y s ic ia n s *Patients — New Cases * T o t a l MISSIONS T r e a t ­ m e n ts H o s p ita l D is p e n ­ T o t a l P a tie n ts sa ry C a ses M e n Dispensaries P a tie n ts W o m e n H o â p ita ls T o t a l N u rse s A m e r ic a n

South Africa (Zulu Branch) 1 1 3 3 392 5,000 Rhodesia Branch 1 3 2 2 2 104 6,096 13,375 West Central Africa 1 4 4 3 7 260 50,680 Bulgaria1 Western Turkey2 2 2 4 4 3 Central Turkey 3 3 3 1 4 2 259 39,003 Eastern Turkey1 1 1 1 Marathi . 2 4 3 3 6 3 1,540 25,962 27,502 36,318 Madura 2 2 1 2 3 1 2,013 33,916 59,633 Ceylon 2 3 1 1 2 2,902 4,677 19,442 Foochow 5 5 3 2 5 2 1,053 9,601 31,014 Shaowu 3 3 1 2 3 115 11,600 25,170 North China 8 13 8 4 12 5 2,504 14,507 59,464 Japan 1 1,022 1,022 9,698 Micronesia1 Philippines 2 2 2 2 1 2,784 6,138 10,524 Mexico1 1 4,855 4,855 4,855 Spain1 Czechoslovakia1

Totals 32 47 35 19 54s 20 15,726 112,278 39,475 364,176

xThese missions do not maintain medical work. 2No statistics are available for Western Turkey. 3There are five more physicians, associates, who are included in this total and not in the tabular view. *Incomplete. American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions

President. — E d w a r d C. M o o r e , D.D.

Vice-President. — David Percy Jones.

Recording Secretary. — O s c a r E. M a u r e r , D.D.

Assistant- Recording Secretary. — E d w a r d W. C a p e n , Ph.D.

Auditors. — H erbert J. W ells, H exry P. K e n d a l l , W. W. M i l l s .

Prudential Committee. — The President and Vice-President, ex officiis. A r t h u r H. W ellman, Frank B. Towne, Ashley D. L e a v i t t , D.D., Rev George W. Owen. Terms expire 1924. Arthur L. G illett, D.D., Franklin H. W arren, J. Livingstone Grandin, Dr. Joel Goldthwaite. Terms expire 1925. Charles S. Bates, Arthur H. B r a d f o r d . D.D., Charles S. O lcott, Shepherd K n a p p , D.D. Terms expire 1926.

Corresponding Secretaries. — Jam es L. B a r t o n , D.D., LLD., C o r n e li u s H. P a t t o n , D.D., W illia m E. S t r o n g , D.D.

Treasurer. — Frederic A. G a s k in s .

Assistant Treasurer. — Harold B. Belcher.

Editorial Secretary. — Rev. Enoch F. B ell.

Associate Secretaries. — D. Brewer Eddy, D.D., Rev. Ernest W. Riggs.

Office Secretary Foreign Department. — Rev. H erbert E. B. C a s e .

Candidate Secretary and Medical Supervisor. — Dr. M ark Ward.

Assistant Secretary, Home Department. — Rev. Charles Ernest White.

Secretary Patton, in charge, 14 Beacon S t., Boston. W m. W. S c u d d e r , D.D., 287 Fourth Ave., New York. Rev. Henry S. L e i p e r , Assistant. District R e v . W. F. English, Jr., 19 So. La Salle St., Chicago, 111. Secretaries A. N. Hitchcock, D.D., Associate. J ohn K. B r o w n , Field Secretary. Henry H. Kelsey, D.D., 760 Market St., San Francisco, Cai.

Publishing and Purchasing Agent. — H a r v e y L. M e e k e n . Committees Serving in 1924

COMMITTEE TO NOMINATE OFFICERS FOR 1924

Rev. Howard J. C h id le y , of Massachusetts; W illliam Calder of Connecticut; Rev. Clarence H.W ilson, of New Jersey; Rev. Ferdinand Q. Blanchard, of Ohio; Frederick H. Fuller, of Rhode Island.

Annual Meeting in 1924

The next Annual Meeting, the 115th, will be held in the Central Congregational Church, Providence, R. I., October 21 to October 24, 1924.

Woman’s Boards Missions

W. B. M ., 14 Beacon St., Boston — M rs. Franklin H. W arner, President; M iss K a t e G . L am son, Foreign Secretary; M iss H e l e n B . C a ld e r , Home Secretary; M iss A l i c e M . K y l e , Editorial Secretary; M iss Anne L. Buckley, M rs. Theodore S. Lee, Miss M abel E. Emerson, Associate Secretaries; M iss R u t h I. S e a b u r y , Secretary of Young People's Work; Miss Agnes S. KeLsey, Assistant Secretary of Young People’s Work; Mrs. Frank Gaylord Cook, Treasurer; M iss S. Emma Keith, Assistant Treasurer.

W. B. M. of the Interior, 19 South La Salle St., Chicago, III. — Mrs. George M. Clark, President; M rs. Lucius O. Lee, Foreign Secretary; M iss M ary D. Uline, Home Secretary; M iss Dorothy R. Swift, Editorial Secretary; M iss Augusta de la P o r t e , Secretary of Young People's Work; M iss Annie E. Nourse, Secretary of Literature; M iss M ary Lamberton, Secretary of Children’s Work; Mrs. Lydia Lord Davis, Thank Offering Secretary; Mrs. S. E. Hurlbut, Treasurer; M iss E liz a b e t h J. H u r lb u t , Assistant Treasurer.

W. B. M .for the Pacific, 760 Market St., San Francisco, Calif.— M r s . R . C . K ir k w o o d , President; Mrs. H elen Street Ranney, Executive Secretary; M rs. E. R. Wagner, Foreign Secretary; Dr. Susan Tallmon-Sargent, Candidate Secretary; M r s . W . J. M in c h in , Thank-Offering Secretary; M rs. W. C. Blasdale, Treasurer. Minutes of the 114th Annual Meeting of the AMERICAN BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS

MORNING SESSION

The 114th Annual Meeting of the American Board of Commis­ sioners for Foreign Missions convened in the Municipal Auditorium, Springfield, Mass., in connection with the National Council of the Congregational Churches of the United States, on Friday, Oct. 19, 1923, at 9 o’clock A. M., with President Moore in the Chair. The Devotional Exercises were led by Rev. Jay T. Stocking of New Jersey. Selections from the Minutes of the 113th Annual Meeting were read by the Recording Secretary. President Moore appointed the following Committees: —

Committee on Nominations

Chairman, Franklin H. Warner, New York; President Henry C. King, of Ohio; Rev. Jason N. Pierce of District of Columbia; Presi­ dent James A. Blaisdell of California; Rev. W. H. Rollins of New York; Rev. William W. Patton of Illinois; Mrs. J. J. Pearsall of New York.

Business Committee

Chairman, John M. Whitehead of Wisconsin; Rev. James A. Rich­ ards of Illinois; John H. Perry of Connecticut; Rev. Edward W. Cross of Iowa; Rev. Robert R. Wicks of Massachusetts; Rev. Theodore R. Faville of Wisconsin; W7. W. Mills of Ohio; Rev. Alfred Lawless, Jr., of Georgia.

Committee on Local Arrangements

Identical with that of the National Council. The Committee on the Nomination of Corporate Members pre­ sented a list of nominations and it was unanimously 7 8 Minutes of the Annual Meeting

VOTED, that the Recording Secretary cast one ballot; whereupon the following persons were declared elected as Corporate Members :

CLASS A — ALL MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL All members of the National Council of the Congregational Churches of the United States who have been elected and are certified as mem­ bers of the said National Council, for the term beginning in 1923, are hereby presented for election as Corporate Members of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions for a term of four years.

CLASS B — MEMBERS AT LARGE for six years Rev. Charles F. Aked, Kansas. City, Mo. Prof. Louis F. Anderson, Walla Walla, Wash. Rev. James L.. Barton, Boston, Mass. Prof. Harlan P. Beach, New Haven, Conn. Rev. Charles H. Beale, Milwaukee, Wis. Dr. E. H. Bigelow', Framingham, Mass. Prof. Edward I. Bosworth, Oberlin, Ohio. Rev. Charles R. Brown, New Haven, Conn. Hon. William R. Castle, Honolulu, Hawaii. Mr. James E. Clark, Newton, Mass. Mr. William H. Crosby, Eggertsville, N. Y. Mr. H. A. DuBois, Cobden, 111. Rev. Edward D. Eaton, Wellesley, Mass. Rev. George A. Gordon, Boston, Mass. Mr. Charles E. Harwood, Upland, Cal. Mr. Moses B. Hazeltine, Prescott, Ariz. Mr. Harry W. Hicks, New York, N. Y. Rev. J. S. Hindley, Cleveland, Ohio. Rev. A. N. Hitchcock, Chicago, 111. Rev. Charles E. Jefferson, New York, N. Y. Mr. John G. Jennings, Cleveland, Ohio. Mr. Clarence H. Kelsey, Orange, N. J. Rev. Oscar E. Maurer, New Haven, Conn. Mr. John M. McKershey, Detroit, Mich. Rev. Irving W. Metcalf, Oberlin, Ohio. Prof. Edward C. Moore, Cambridge, Mass. Rev. Milo E. Pearson, Auburn, Me. Judge John H. Perry, Southport, Conn. Minutes of the Annual Meeting 9

Rev. Henry H. Proctor, Brooklyn, N. Y. Rev. Charles H. Richards, New York, N. Y. Rev. Wilfrid A. Rowell, Hinsdale, 111. Rev. Frank K. Sanders, New York, N. Y. Mr. William Shaw, Boston.. Mass. Dr. John J. Thomas, Youngstown, Ohio. Mr. F. H. Tuthill, Chicago, 111. Mr. Samuel Usher, Cambridge, Mass. Prof. Edwin G. Warner, Brooklyn, N. Y. Mr. Franklin H. Warner, White Plains, N. Y. Mr. Herbert J. Wells, Kingston, R. I. Mr. John M. Whitehead, Janesville, Wis. Rev. W. W. Scudder, New York, N. Y. The President introduced the Treasurer of the Board, Mr. Frederick A. Gaskins, who read the Annual Report of the Treasurer, showing that the special appeal during the summer had reduced the threaten­ ing deficit from $95,000 to $63.47.

VOTED, to receive the Report of the Treasurer and auditors and to refer them to the Committee on the Treasurer’s Report. Addresses on “ The Advancing Church in Mission Lands” were made by missionaries of the Board: — Rev. John S. Chandler, of Madura, India; Rev. Samuel H. Leger, of Foochow, China; Rev. Hilton Pedley, of Kyoto, Japan; and Rev. Rowland M. Cross, of Peking, China. The question “ What Now in Turkey?” was discussed by Rev. J. Kingsley Birge, of Smyrna, and Associate Secretary Ernest W. Riggs. Secretary Riggs introduced Rev. Vartan Amirkhanian, Pastor of the Armenian Protestant Church in Harpoot, Turkey, who expressed the greetings and gratitude of the Armenian people. The following resolutions, introduced by Secretary Riggs, were adopted:

1. The American Board recognizes and accepts its unique respon­ sibility for missionary work in Turkey and proposes to carry it forward as rapidly as circumstances permit.

2. The American Board recognizes and accepts its responsibility toward the refugees from Turkey now in Greece, Syria and the Cau­ casus. It proposes to continue its aid in maintaining the moral and spiritual ideals of these stricken peoples in their exile. 10 Minutes of the Annual Meeting

3. The American Board commends the earnest faith and courage of its missionaries in the Near East which prompts them to plan for a large advance both among the peoples of Turkey and the exiles. While it is not practicable to carry out these plans fully at present, the Board recognizes the work is established and important and equally worthy of consideration as that in any of its mission fields. The open discussion was led by Rev. Chester B. Emerson of Michi­ gan and Rev. Prof. Lucius C. Porter of New York. Secretary Eddy made a statement covering the Missionary Herald and the literature of the Board. Then followed a season of intercessory prayer, in which many participated. A recess was taken until 2 o’clock P. M.

AFTERNOON SESSION

[ President Moore called the Board to order at 2 o’clock P. M., and the',Devotional Exercises were led by Rev. Hilton Pedley of Japan. The Nominating Committee presented a list of nominations and it was unanimously VOTED that the Recording Secretary cast one ballot; whereupon the following persons were declared elected as officers of the Board for the ensuing year, except as otherwise noted:

General Officers

President — Edward C. Moore, D. D. Vice-President — Mr. David P. Jones. Recording Secretary — Oscar E. Maurer, D. D. Assistant Recording Secretary — Rev. Edward W. Capen, Ph. D. Auditors. — Mr. Herbert J. Wells, Mr. Henry P. Kendall, Mr. W. W. Mills.

Executive Officers

Corresponding Secretaries — James L. Barton, D. D., William E. Strong, D. D., Cornelius H. Patton, D. D. Treasurer — Mr. Frederick A. Gaskins. Assistant Treasurer — Mr. Harold B. Belcher. Minutes of the Annual Meeting 11

Editorial Secretary — Rev. Enoch F. Bell. Associate Secretaries — D. Brewer Eddy, D. D., Rev. Ernest W. Riggs.

Prudential Committee

For the Term Expiring 1926 — Mr. Charles S. Bates, Arthur H. Bradford, D. D., Mr. Charles S. Olcott, Shepherd Knapp, D. D.

The Business Committee presented the following resolutions, which were adopted : —

I. This Board hereby appoints the Commission on Missions of the National Council as a committee of this Board authorized and directed to represent this Board in the initiation and direction of the common appeal of the Congregational missionary societies to the Con­ gregational Churches and their members for the support of the mis­ sionary work of these societies, and with the duty of correlating and co­ ordinating the individual promotional work of this Board with similar promotional work on the part of the other societies, and with the com­ mon promotional work of all the societies and with the Congregational organizations of the several states.

II. RESOLVED: That the budget of the Commission on Mis­ sions for common promotion be approved for an amount not to exceed $141,000 for 1924, and not to exceed $150,000 in 1924 exclusive of any amounts which may be expended by state and local organizations out of their own funds — the same to be assessed upon the several national causes in proportions to be determined by the Commission on Missions.

It was moved that the matter of Place and Preacher for the next Annual Meeting of the Board be referred to the Prudential Committee, with power. Communications were received from Mr. Clarence S. Funk of Illinois and Mr. Charles H. Blatchford, members of the Committee on Treasurer’s Report, approving of that Report. VOTED, that these communications be received in lieu of a formal report of the Committee on the Treasurer’s Report. VOTED, that the greetings and good wishes of the Board be sent to Secretary Patton, who is convalescing in England. 12 Minutes of the Annual Meeting

On the theme “ The Christian Burden of Needs Unmet,” addresses were made by missionaries of the Board, — Rev. John Bicknell, of Vaddukoddai, Ceylon; Mary L. McClure, of Fenchow, China, and Robert W. McClure of Shaowu, China. The Fisk Jubilee Singers rendered several selections. “ The Cost of Possible Retrenchment” was portrayed by mis­ sionaries of the Board, — Rev. Arthur Christofersen, of Ifafa, Africa; Rev. Henry Fairbank of Ahmednagar, India; Rev. Earle H. Ballou, of Tientsin, China; and Rev. S. Ralph Harlow, of Smyrna. Associate Secretary Eddy then presented the Annual Report of the Prudential Committee. The financial situation confronting the Board was thoroughly dis­ cussed, and it was VOTED, that the Board request the National Council to call on the Congregational Churches of the country to raise the vitally neces­ sary $5,000,000 budget; and to request the Commission on Missions to call on the State Conferences and other church organizations to secure 3000 additional gifts of $500 each, preferably by the end of the year 1923. As an evidence of good faith, various persons thus voting volun­ teered pledges totaling $7,650, with the understanding that the several amounts as pledged were to apply on the total denominational appor­ tionment for the year 1923. A recess was taken until 7:30.

EVENING SESSION

The Board re-convened at 7:30 P. M. President Moore conducted the Devotional Exercises. The Minutes were read and approved and the Recording Secretary was authorized to complete the Minutes after the close of the evening session. The Nominating Committee presented the following nominations, which were approved: Minutes of the Annual Meeting 13

Committee to Nominate Officers of the Board Annual Meeting, 1924

Rev. Howard J. Chidley, Chairman, Winchester, Mass. Mr. William Calder, Bristol, Conn. Rev. Clarence Wilson, Glen Ridge, N .J. Rev. F- Q. Blanchard, Cleveland, Ohio. Frederick H. Fuller, Providence, R. I.

A telegram of greetings and congratulations was received from the Woman’s Board of Missions of the Interior, reporting that that Board had closed its year without debt. On the theme “ The Incentives of Great Success,” there were addresses by missionaries of the Board, — Rev. Frank Cary, of Otaru, Japan; and Mr. L. Curtis Guise of Madura, India. Secretary James L. Barton then presented the Annual Survey of the Board’s world-wide work. President William H. P. Faunce, of Brown University, made the Annual Address, speaking on the theme “The New Horizon and Dynamic of the Church.” In his closing words, President Moore spoke on “Vision and Task,” basing his thought on Isaiah 40:30, 31, “ They shall mount up with wings as eagles,” etc., and Joel 2 :28, “ Your old men shall dream dreams and your young men shall see visions.” After prayer and the benediction by the President, the 114th Annual Meeting was declared adjourned. Attest: (Signed) OSCAR E. MAURER, Recording Secretary. A Year of Encouragement

Report of the Prudential Committee for the Home Department for the Year Ending August 31, 1923

The Board regrets the absence from this meeting of Dr. Cornelius H. Patton, the Home Secretary, who has presented his statesmanly report for many years, and trusts that a period of rest will soon restore him to full health and activity in the service of the Board. The past year has brought a number of changes in the organization. The resignation of Mr. John Hosmer as Publishing and Purchasing Agent, after twenty-three years of service has been followed by the appointment of Mr. Harvey Meeken to this position in April last. Dr. Mark Ward, son of the former treasurer, Langdon Ward, has carried on the work of the Candidate Department since May first, and is giving special attention to the health of the missionaries, both on furlough and on the field. On January first the Missionary Herald was combined with the magazines of the Woman’s Board, under the charge of Mr. Bell as editor-in-chief, and now appears in attractive form, enlarged and enriched to accomplish an even larger service for all our missions. The circulation has rapidly increased, but a much larger circle of readers in all the churches should receive its inspiration.

THE DISTRICT OFFICES

Two changes have occurred in the personnel of the District Offices during the year. Dr. John K. Browne, the honored veteran of Harpoot, closed his nine years of effective service as Field Secretary of the Pacific Coast, where he has been in constant demand as a speaker in the Board’s behalf. He enters upon a similar service among the churches of the Chicago District. Rev. Henry K. Leiper, formerly of Tientsin, has served for the past year as Assistant Secretary in the New York District. The Secretaries have given much of their time to the joint work of promotion for the Apportionment Plan undert the Commissions on Missions. This effort culminates in the autumn months in the Every- Member-Canvass. The strongest element of the Board’s support will 14 Home Department 15

always be the substantial and increasing sums which are coming through the Apportionment Plan from the gifts of the churches. All the other sources of income can never equal in total importance this steady flow of gifts from living donors through the loyal churches and the devoted efforts of the Woman’s Boards. The Board has the greatest stake in the joint work of the Commission on Missions for the $5,000,000 Apportionment, and we hope for the day when the 100 per cent loyal churches will be greatly increased in number. If the full Apportionment is raised, the Board’s total share will be $1,225,- 000 which would represent an increase over actual receipts this year from the churches of $435,000. What victories could be won with such an outpouring!

EDUCATIONAL PLANS

Missionary Education is being emphasized this year in every Sun­ day School, church prayer meeting and congregation, because of the pertinent interest in the study of Japan. That land has been brought to public attention in a most dramatic fashion by the earthquake disaster, and even more by the new friendship and alliance made possible by the Washington Conference. This offers a golden chance to capitalize the popular interest in a great mission field, and every interested friend might well become an agent for missionary education in the home church. Under the leadership of Secretary Herbert W. Gates of the Education Society, plans and methods representing the combined interest of the seven societies and Woman’s Boards have been pressed throughout the denomination. Approaching 2,000 Sunday Schools are now enlisted as "Standard” schools, having adopted mis­ sion study in the classes and the presentation of programs, hero tales, and picture methods for all the school. In recent years over 500 sets of Educational Material have been placed in the Sunday Schools for the intensive study of foreign missions.

FILLING THE RANKS

During the year a total of 48 new missionaries have been appointed for service; 35 as life appointees and 13 for short terms of service. A striking fact is that the number of Congregationalists is three times those drawn from other denominations. Last year the Congrega­ tionalists were one less than the total from other churches. Thirteen 16 Home Department of the new appointees are men and thirty-five women. Six of the number have already seen foreign service and five others are of mis­ sionary parentage. The year’s record is strong in the number of ordained men and of women teachers who have been sent out. It is worthy of note that this is the second year in the Board’s history in which more new work­ ers are going out under the Woman’s Boards than under the American Board. This year the proportion is 25 to 23. North China gets the largest number though the list is well scattered among the missions. The Mississippi Valley sends the strongest contingent — 17. Massachusetts accounts for eight out of the 15 from Eastern states. The Rocky Mountains and Pacific Coast have provided ten, while two come from Canada and four from foreign countries. For two years the total of missionary workers on the field has shown a slight decrease. It was 857 in 1921 including all short term workers. It fell off 39 in the next year and a larger number this year. The emphasis in future years must be increased upon the highly trained native leaders in places of responsibility. The complete list of new appointees follows:

LIFE APPOINTEES

South Africa: Anna Clarke, Kansas. West Central Africa: Rev. Gladwyn M. Childs, Wisconsin; Mary W. Hurlbut, Nebraska; Esther V. Tholin, Illinois; Sibyl G. Hosking, Canada. Bulgaria: Margaret B. Haskell, Salónica. Western Turkey: Rev. Lee Vrooman, Missouri; Mrs. Helen S. Vrooman, Canada; Mrs. El vesta T. Leslie, Michigan; Rev. Wm. E. Hawkes, Utah; Edith M. Sanderson, California. Central Turkey: Dr. William L. Nute, Missouri. India: Undesignated, G. Marion Holland, Massachusetts; Marathi, Ruth A. Andrews, India; Madura, Rev. Bryan S. Stoffer, Ohio; Madura, Freida E. Price (Mrs. Stoffer), Indiana. Ceylon: Grace M. Vining, New York; Christiana Hodgdon, Mass. China — Shaowu: Rev. Harold E. LeMay, Massachusetts; Mrs. Ruby M. LeMay,Maine. North China: Dr. Jean A. Curran, Michigan; Frances E. Rose (Mrs. Curran), Massachusetts; Winfield A. McLean, Washington; Home Department 17

Elizabeth H. Lewis (Mrs. McLean), Washington; Ernest W. Houlding, California; Mrs. Florence B. Houlding, New York; Katherine Rey­ nolds, Illinois; Rev. Stephen C. Peabody, Colorado; Marion H. Chat- field, Connecticut. Japan: Portia L. Jarrard, Michigan. Philippines: Grace Evelyn Fox, New Mexico. Mexico: Rev. Howard C. Champe, Indiana; Mrs. Eleanor L. Champe, Connecticut; Gladys R. Thompson, Vermont; Julia M. Wag­ ner, Mexico.

TERM APPOINTEES

Central Turkey: Roger P. Matteson, Illinois. India — Marathi: Ruby M. Phillips, Massachusetts; Clara G. Labaree, Persia; Grace F. Woods, Massachusetts. China — Foochow: Priscilla Holton, Massachusetts. North China: Constance L. Sargent, Illinois; Dr. Emily F. Rorer, Illinois; Mabel G. Silsby, Vermont. Japan: Hortense E. Wrockloff, Colorado; Helen Faye Fair, Ne­ braska. Spain: Bertha Blodgett, Massachusetts. Mexico: Robert V. Edwards, Wyoming; Rebecca E. Burdorf, California.

A GREAT DELIVERANCE

The outstanding feature of the year’s work in the Home Depart­ ment was the remarkable ending to the financial year. It will be recalled that two years ago at the Los Angeles meeting of the National Council, the Board was instructed by this body to continue the work without retrenchment, and to use every possible means to lay the facts before the churches. Increased costs of the work abroad, due to world conditions, demanded an increase in the appropriations for this year. It was apparent early in the year that the considerable increases hoped for through regular channels would not meet this increased appropriation. On May 1st, the threatened current deficit was estimated at $120,000. A 7% increase in gifts from churches the first ten months of the fiscal year, and other favorable factors, reduced the threatened deficit to $94,000 on July 1st. With great reluctance, the last number of the 18 Home Department

News Bulletin was turned into an urgent appeal to the Board’s friends. Word of the serious outlook had already been sent to each of the mis­ sion stations abroad. The missionaries sent back word that they had organized prayer circles, and were turning in earnest and believing prayer to God in the conviction that it could not be His will that the work should be cut down this coming year. The missionaries poured in their own gifts of sacrifice in addition to their prayers. One mis­ sionary’s mother sent $500. Two veterans of the Missions to China and Japan, whose combined service is exactly a century on the mission field, sent gifts of deep significance. There can be no question but that the spiritual message of the missionaries and their gifts of sacrifice reached the hearts of the Board’s friends as did no other appeal this year. The results are now known to all in the Treasurer’s report. The total of last year’s receipts for July and August was passed August 25th. On Sept. 6th, the deficit had been cut to $50,000. The week following saw a flood of gifts pouring in, a single mail containing 150 checks. On Sept. 11, the deficit had been worn away to the $15,000 figure and still these proofs of loyalty and of determination continued until the hour of the closing of the books, when the final deficit was known to be only $63.47. This will stand out in the Board’s history as one of the great hours of deliverance. The year 1921 recorded a similar result. It may be questioned whether the urgent appeal has not simply hastened the sending of the usual gifts from the treasuries of the churches as well as from individuals and that this might result in a falling off in the next three months; but it is believed that the greater portion of these gifts from individuals were actual extras sent after the usual contribu­ tions had been made. The total number of givers in July and August who responded to the appeal, was over 3,900, an increase of 11% beyond the highest record known to the Board. The total receipts from churches and individuals in these two months passed 57% beyond last year’s figures, to a net gain of over $88,000. But shall we exult over­ much? The figures of expenditures are $18,000 under last year and $103,000 less than the budget of 1921. It is believed that such proofs of remarkable loyalty from so many givers adds to the benevolent spirit of the whole denomination. Few if any of these gifts subtracted money from any other society or cause. It has added immeasurably to the spiritual power of our churches to feel their combined strength in such an effort, and it is undoubtedly true that the note of spiritual sacrifice has dominated this whole deliverance. Home Department 19

It was sought to place a spiritual emphasis upon everypage of news, advertisement, and appeal. No methods or devices were employed except to give the actual facts to the Board’s friends, fully confident in their ability and determination to avoid a disastrous ending.

SOME FUTURE PROBLEMS

To clear the year without deficit was indeed a victory, but it does not solve all the problems that are pressing close upon us. We do well at this moment to recall that the Board’s work is seriously ham­ pered by a debt of $180,000, and to ask this Council for instructions as to how it shall be wiped off the Board’s records forever. The Pruden­ tial Committee will face within the next month the difficult task of appropriating for the budget of the coming year. While it is earnestly hoped that no part of the Board’s work is now endangered and that no serious retrenchment need be undertaken, it is equally clear that rigorous economy will be practiced in all appropriations for 1924. I t is hoped that this mutual meeting will express its determination as to what can be expected from the churches and as to the faith and spirit of the denomination toward the work on the foreign fields. Earnest thought must be given to the stewardship that is ours — to the immense obligations that rest upon us as Congregationalists in the past record and present opportunities confronting the Board. There is one alternative, and that is that the missionary message must sweep through the churches as never before; that pastors from east to west shall each accept a share of this spiritual mandate as their very own; that every layman in the churchessball prove that the Appor­ tionment is both a vital and practical plan for dividing the business obligations of the Kingdom which rest upon us, and also a real test of loyalty and of our partnership with Christ. It is ignorance and cowardice to believe for an instant that this great body of Christ’s servants has reached the limits of loyalty, of sacrifice, of victory, in this work. Our purpose and our record as well must be indeed a “ One-Way Street,” leading only forward. We shall be exampled by that bugler who told his timid commander he had never learned to blow “ The Retreat” but he could sound a Charge that would wake the dead. American Board Missions in Africa

ZULU BRANCH

Stations: Location and Special work of Missionaries

Adams (1835). (Amanzimtoti). — Rev. Albert E. LeRoy: Prin­ cipal of Amanzimtoti Institute; evangelistic work Mrs. Rhoda A. LeRoy: Work for women. Wesley C. Atkins: Headmaster in Amanzim­ toti Institute: Mission Treasurer. Mrs. Edna A. Atkins: Helping in station work. Rev. Henry A. Stick: In charge of Theological De­ partment; Evangelistic work. Mrs. Bertha H. Stick: Work for women. Miss CarolineE. Frost: In charge of girls’ department; teacher. Miss May E. Tebbatt: Teacher in charge of Domestic Science Department. Albert J. Hicks; Mrs. Grace S. Hicks: Agricultural Director at In­ stitute; women’s work. Miss Anna Clarke: Teacher in Amanzimtoti Institute.

Inanda (1837). — Mrs. Mary K. Edwards: Retired missionary. Miss Minnie E. Carter: Teacher in Seminary; Sunday School work. Miss Fidelia Phelps: Teacher in Seminary Miss Margaret E. Wal- bridge: Acting Principal of Inanda Seminary

Umzunduze (1847 ).—

M apum ulo (1848). — Rev. Charles N. Ransom: General Evangel­ istic Work. Mrs. Susan H. C Ransom: Women’s and Sunday School work.

Ifafa (1848). — Rev. Arthur F. Christofersen: Station work, church supervision. Mrs. Julia R. Christofersen: Work for women.

Esidumbini (1849). —

Umzumbe (1861). — 20 Missions in Africa 21

Durban (1892). — James D. Taylor, D. D .: In charge of Durban work; mission secretary; church supervision and social service. Mrs. Katherine M. Taylor: Sunday School work. Rev. Ralph L. Abraham: Supervisor of primary schools in Natal. Mrs. Clara N. Abraham: Bible work for women. Rev. Henry A. Jessop: Agricul­ tural and evangelistic work. Mrs. Bernice H. Jessop. James B. McCord, M. D .: General medical work and medical teaching. Mrs. Margaret M. McCord: Evangelistic work for hospital patients. Alan B. Taylor, M .D.: Medical work in hospital and Medical School. Mrs. Mary B. Taylor. Mrs. Katherine S. Maxwell: Social and evangelistic work for women.

Groutville (------). — Rev. HarwoodB. Catlin: General Evangelistic work in Groutville and Noodsberg churches. Mrs. Laura C. Catlin: Station work.

Johannesburg (1847). — FrederickB.Bridgman, D. D .: In charge of Transvaal work; general evangelistic and educational work. Mrs. Clara D. Bridgman; Sunday School supervision and work for women. Rev. Ray E. Phillips; Mrs. DoraL. Phillips: Christian social service work; Sunday School work

On Furlough. — Rev. George B. Cowles; Mrs. Amy B. Cowles; Mr. K . Robert Brueckner; Mrs. Dorothea K . Brueckner; Miss Evelyn F. Clarke.

Associated with the Mission. — (Durban) J. Walker Mor- ledge, M. D.: Medical work, language study. (Adams) Mr. and Mrs. R. B. Begg; Miss Katherine Fowler: Teachers in Amanzimtoti Institute. (Inanda) Mr. and Mrs. I. R. James; Miss RosaL. Brittenden: Teachers atlnanda. (Johannesburg) Miss Alice Weir: Work in city for women and children. Mr. Brueckner has joined Mrs. Brueckner in this country, and Mr. and Mrs. Cowles and Miss Evelyn Clarke are also on furlough. Mr. and Mrs. Abraham have returned to Durban and Mr. and Mrs. Chris- tofersen to Ifafa. Dr. Morledge sailed early in 1923, and reached the field in September after a few months of study in England. No new missionaries have been appointed, but Miss Anna Clarke on the field was given life appointment. After nearly 63 years in Africa, Mrs. Laura B. Bridgman passed to her reward on January 19, 1923. 22 Missions in Africa

STATISTICS (1922).— Twenty-two stations; 184 outstations in a population of 536,800. 11 ordained missionaries; 5 unordained; 16 wives; 9 single women, making a total missionary force of 41; asso­ ciate workers 8. The native force includes 15 ordained preachers; 64 unordained preachers; 64 men teachers; 83 women teachers and 676 other workers, a total of 986 workers. Places of regular meeting 316; 29 organized churches of which 17 are self supporting. Com­ municants 6,061; added in 1922 by confession 535, making a total con­ stituency of 24,168. Sunday Schools 54, with a membership of 2,332. The mission maintains a Theological Department with 11 members and a Normal School with 97 students. There are 9 middle schools with 172 boys and 279 girls; 82 primary schools with 2,355 boys and 2,176 girls; one kindergarten with 20 pupils, making a total of 93 schools, and the total number under instruction 5,771. The native contributions show $10,905 for Christian work; $12,459 for education; $177 for other purposes, making a total of $23,541. The hospital and dispensary at Durban report the total treatments as 4,000. Printed on presses outside the mission over 2,888,600 pages.

RHODESIA BRANCH

Mt. Silinda (1893). — William T.Lawrence, M. D .: In charge of medical work; mission treasurer. Arthur J. Orner: In charge of pro­ duction department and station. Mrs. Dorothy H. Orner: Work for women. Emory D. Alvord: Agricultural director; Principal of Mt. Silinda School; Sunday School work. Mrs. Bernice M. Alvord: Kindergarten supervisor. George A. Wilder, D. D .: Principal of the Bible Training School; in charge of Mt. Silinda Church. Mrs. Alice C. Wilder: Work for women; librarian. Rev. Frederick R. Dixon: Associate in the Bible Training School; evangelistic work in the out­ stations. Mrs. Madeline II. Dixon: Teaching in Bible School. Miss IvyE. Craig: Associate Principal of the Girls’ Boarding School; Prin­ cipal of Training School. Miss MabelE. Larkins: Language study: educational work; in charge of Girls’ Boarding Department.

Chikore (1895).— Columbus C. Fuller: In charge of Chikore School and station work; Mission Secretary. Mrs. JuliaB. Fuller: Oversight of Girls’ Boarding Department and work for women. Rev. Frank T. Meacham: In charge of Chikore Church and evangelistic work in the outstations. Mrs. Doris V- Meacham: Work for women; teacher of Missions in Africa 23 sewing. Miss FannieE.Ellener: Assistant principal of Chikore School; in charge of dispensary work.

Gogoyo (1917). — WilliamL. Thompson, M. D .: Medical and In­ dustrial work. Mrs. Mary E. Thompson: Work for women; assists in medical work. Miss Minnie Clarke: Church and evangelistic work; industrial work for women.

On Furlough. — Rev. John P. Dysart; Mrs. Mathilde T Dysart; Arlen R. Mather; Mrs. Faye S. Mather; Mrs. Florence E. Lawrence.

Associated with the Mission. — (Mt. Silinda). — Miss Gertrude H. Merrill: Nurse. Miss C. A. Van Heerden: Teacher in Training School; supervisor of outstation schools. Mr. JohnE. Hack: Assistant in production department; manual training instructor. Those on furlough have been joined by Mr. and Mrs. Dysart. Dr. and Mrs. Thompson have been transferred from Mt. Silinda to Gogoyo, and Dr. Lawrence from Chikore to Mt. Silinda, Mrs. Lawrence continuing in this country. Miss Minnie A. Tontz, formerly connected with the mission and in America since 1919, has been reappointed and is now a nurse at Chikore.

STATISTICS (1922). — Three stations, 16 outstations in a popu­ lation of 20,000. Four ordained missionaries; 6 men unordained; 10 wives; 5 single women; total number of missionaries 25; associate workers 3. The native force consists of 1 ordained preacher; 33 un­ ordained preachers; 33 men teachers; 28 women teachers; total num­ ber of workers 93. Places of regular meeting 17 ; 4 organized churches. Communicants 530 including 55 added by confession during the year. The 5 Sunday Schools have a membership of 443. There are 2 Chris­ tian Endeavor societies with a membership of 80. The theological class has 6 students; 2 secondary schools with 263 pupils; 17 primary schools with 1,460 pupils; 1 kindergarten with 35 pupils; in all 21 schools where 1,675 students are under instruction. The native con­ tributions were $165 for Christian work. The hospital at Mt. Silinda and the three dispensaries had 6,096 patients and the total treatments were 13,375. 24 Missions in Africa

WEST CENTRAL AFRICA MISSION

Bailundo (1881). — Rev. William C.Bell: Evangelistic, station and outstation work. Miss Janette E. Miller; Miss Una J. Minto: Educational and station work.

Kam undotlgo 886). — (1 William H. Sanders, D. D .: In charge of station work; translation work. Mrs. Sarah B. Sanders: Work for women. Rev. Henry S. Hollenbeck, M. D .: Medical work; industrial and out-station work. Rev. James E. Lloyd: Work in boys’ boarding school; evangelistic work. Miss Elizabeth S. Mackenzie: Educational work.

Chisamba (1886). — Rev. J. Arthur Steed: Mrs. Edith T. Steed: Station and evangelistic work. Reuben S. Hall, M .D.: Medical work. Mrs.BeatriceB. Hall. Miss Helen J. Melville: Work for women. Miss Margaret W. Melville; Miss Elizabeth W. Read: Educational work.

Ochileso (1903).'— Rev. Henry A . Neipp: In charge of the station and out-station work. Mrs. FredericaL. Neipp: Station, educational and women’s work.

Sachikela (1905). — Merlin W. Ennis, D. D .: In charge of school and evangelistic work; translation work. Mrs. Elizabeth L. Ennis: Kindergarten; work for women. Mr. Allen E. Me Allester: Agricultural work; language study. Miss Elizabeth B. Campbell: Superintendent of Educational work for the station.

Dondi (1914). — Rev. John T. Tucker: Principal of the Currie Institute; Mission treasurer. Mrs. Leona S. Tucker: Educational work. Mr. F. Sidney Dart: Industrial educator; instructor in the manual trades. Mrs. Clara I. Dart: Work for women. Fred. E. Stokey, M. D .: Medical work. Mrs. Amy J. Currie: Acting Prin­ cipal for the Means School for Girls. Miss Lauretta A. Dibble: Teach­ ing in the Means School.

Galangue (1922).— Rev. Henry C. McDowell: In charge of station and evangelistic work. Mrs. Bessie D. McDowell: Educational work; assists in station work. Mr. Samuel B. Coles: General mechanical work; language study. Mrs. Bertha T. Coles: Language study. Missions in Africa 25

On Furlough. — Mrs. Lena H. Bell; Rev. Daniel A. Hastings; Mrs. Laura B . Hastings; Miss Emma C. Redick; Mrs. Marion M. Web­ ster; William Cammack, M. D .; Mrs. Libby S. Cammack, M. D.

Portugal. Miss Mary W. Hurlbut; Miss Sybil G. Hosking Study of Portuguese.

Associated with the Mission. — (Dondi) Miss Florence B. Rawlings: Educational work. Rose A. Bower, M. D.: Educational and medical work. (Kamundongo) Mrs. Evelyn Hunter: Matron in the dormitory. (Chisamba) Miss Martha L. Wightman: Assists in the station work. (Ochileso) Mary F. Cushman, M. D : Medical work. The missionaries who were in Portugal have gone to the Mission; Dr. Stokey to Dondi, Mr. McAllester to Sachikela, and Mr. and Mrs. Coles to Galangue. Mr. Bell has gone out to Bailundo, while Mrs. Bell continues in this country. Mr. and Mrs. Hastings have come for their long due furlough while Dr. and Mrs. Cammack have had to take a hurried trip to America for health reasons. Miss Mackenzie, who was at Dondi, is now teaching in Kamundongo. Miss Diadem Bell died while on furlough on January 30, 1923 at Cobourg, Ontario, Canada. The new missionaries are Miss Mary W. Hurlbut, a teacher and Miss Sybil G. Hosking, a nurse, who are studying Portuguese in Portugal, and Miss Esther V. Tholin who is not going out until later.

STATISTICS (1920). — Six stations; 205 outstations. Popula­ tion of field (incompletely reported) 200,000. Missionaries: 10 ordained and 6 unordained men; 12 wives; 11 single women; total number of missionaries 39; associate workers 5. The native force is composed of 225 ordained preachers; 249 men teachers; 13 women teachers: 35 Bible women; 122 other workers; total workers 644. There are 215 places of regular meeting, 4 organized churches and three entirely self supporting; 983 communicants, of whom 225 are new members; total constituency 45,875; 35 Sunday Schools with a membership of 3,144; 3 Christian Endeavor Societies with 180 mem­ bers. In connection with the educational work therp is a training secondary school for boys with 75 pupils, and another for girls with 42 pupils. The other schools may be divided into, primary 102 with 7,382 boys, and 5,208 girls; two kindergartens with 60 pupils: total under instruction, 12,767. The native contributions were. $332 for church work, $257 for education; $47 for other offerings; total con­ 26 Missions in Africa tributions $636. One hospital had 260 patients and the treatments in the 4 dispensaries were 16,260. Pages printed in the mission press, 158,401.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY FOR AFRICA

Stations 31; outstations 405. Population of the field 756,800. The missionary force includes 25 ordained men; 17 unordained; 38 wives; 25 single women, making a total of 105; associate workers 16. The native force consists of 16 ordained preachers; 322 unordained preachers; 346 men teachers; 124 women teachers, making the total number of teachers 470. Other workers 798; a grand total of 1,723. There are 548 places of regular meeting; 36 organized churches of which 20 are self supporting. Communicants 7,574 of whom 815 were added during the past year. The total constituency is over 72,143. Sunday Schools 94, with a membership of 5,919; 3 training schools with 114 pupils; 13 secondary schools with 831 pupils; primary schools 201, 18,581 pupils; 4 kindergartens with 115 pupils. The schools of all grades number 220, and the total number under instruction is 20,213. The native contributions show for Christian work $11,402; for educa­ tion $12,716; for other purposes $224; total gifts $24,342. The medi­ cal work is carried on in three hospitals and 8 dispensaries giving 33,635 treatments.

SOUTH AFRICA MISSION, ZULU BRANCH

“ Had the white races wanted to keep the blacks in perpetual servi­ tude or in inferiority they should never have sent them the Gospel. ‘The egg is being hatched,’ and the old barriers of race are being swept away.” — John Charles Harris.

These are critical times in the development of civilization in Africa. The perennial struggle between the forces of uplift and the forces of degradation which sweep in from the western world is marked by occasional crises of unusual importance. Khama, the great African Chief of the Bamarigwato in Bechuanaland, knew the dangers which threatened his people and faced them bravely. “ Khama stood out against a background of unmitigated savagery as the figure of a loving man, a Christian gentleman. Son of a crafty and cruel sorcerer, with the blood of generations of paganism in his veins, this chief had for Missions in Africa 27

fifty years ruled his people with unwavering courage and inflexible justice and, — here’s the miracle — with Christian ideals. Khama had a world-wide reputation for his fearless fight against the superstition and beer drinking of his people. He introduced prohibition in 1873. He not only put an end to the white man’s brandy and the black man’s beer, but he put an end to witchcraft and rain-makers. He made a law against the purchase of slaves and gave the Bushmen the rights of free men. He abolished polygamy and the purchase of wives with cattle. Khama’s influence has spread far beyond the borders of his own tribe.” His rule was held up as a model throughout South Africa not by missionaries alone but by the representatives of foreign powers. But the great chief Khama died in F'ebruary, and with his death the ideals for which he stood are threatened. He ruled with an iron hand but was not always supported by the full sympathy of his fellows. He heldback the tide of evil influences which have flooded Africa in the wake of civilization. Will that tide now break over his people with a curse? More than ever before is it urgent that the missionary task should be prosecuted with statesmanship of the highest order so that these conflicting forces of good and evil may not bring ruin while the messengers of the Gospel seek to lead individuals in the ways of Jesus. The missionaries in Natal have been most interested in the develop­ ment of the Urban Areas bill which has now become a law and which aims to protect the black native in his life near the cities and towns of South Africa. In rapidly increasing numbers they are flocking to the cities, but they are not yet welcomed as permanent citizens by the government. In drawing up this bill, the government has once more failed to provide for the permanent ownership of land by the black people. Another most interesting experiment is in church government. It is the “ Isu Elisha” which was put into operation five years ago as a method of organizing the native churches. It was more centralized than our Congregational system in America, and under it the finances of the native churches seem to have been well safeguarded. As it was adopted five years ago for a trial period of five years, it is now open to revision, and the question of the relation between the native churches and their centralized organization is once more in the forefront of native discussion. The fear of “ Ethiopianism” has tended to increase the difficulties of interdenominational comity. A group of disaffected natives in Paulpietersburg have come into the fellowship of the American Board from the Dutch Reformed Mission. The question of supervision of 28. Missions in Africa

Christian groups in Inhambane is a source of much apprehension lest by the failure of the American Board to follow up those who claim its help and protection, new difficulties should be created through the inde­ pendent and unwise action of zealous native groups. In the Umzumbe district, under the direction of Mr. Cowles, several new church buildings have been erected and serve as centers for the Christian life of the scat­ tered people. Unfortunately, denominational rivalries have entered into this region with sad results for the bewildered people. Thus new importance is given to the simple’and straightforward preaching of the Word in the midst of the subtle influences of those who seek personal gain from the Gospel. An important change has been made in the plans of the Medical Department. Since the South African Native College had planned a medical school at Fort Hare with the favor of the South African government, it seemed possible that competition with our own medical work at Durban might result. After many conferences and careful planning, a new proposal has been adopted by the Mission which will commend itself not only for its far-sighted wisdom, but for its practical economy. It is planned to conduct a Medical Department jointly, so arranged that the students will take their first four years of study at Fort Hare and their last two years at Durban. This will relieve Aman- zimtoti Institute of the difficult task of giving pre-medical work to the candidates and will put at the disposal of these future doctors the best laboratory and class-room facilities of Fort Hare while the unsurpassed clinical opportunity of Durban will be available for their last two years of preparation in connection with Dr. McCord’s hospital. In the review of the Johannesburg field Dr. Bridgman has summa­ rized the development of the past ten years in a most interesting way. The number of preaching places on the Rand has increased from thirteen to fifty-five, while the total number under the care of the Johannesburg missionary has reached one hundred and eighteen. Ten years ago there were two paid native workers and now there are fifteen. It would be impossible to count the numbers of those who have been led into the larger life through the instrumentality of these workers. But it is doubtless true that few centers of missionary work have borne so great fruit through so long a period of steady growth. Mr. LeRoy of Amanzimtoti, looking back over twenty-one years of the Institute, notes that there are three times as many on the staff now as there were at that time. Instead of sixty pupils in the day school there are three hundred, and the work of the school which then scarcely Missions in Africa 29 passed Standard III now begins with Standard VII. The government then was subsidizing the work of the Board in this school to the extent of sixty pounds a year, while last year it so recognized our work as to make a regular grant of £1,543. Thus with the growth of equipment and opportunity there has been an equal growth of complexity in our missionary task. The difficult problems which daily arise in the relation of the missionaries to the native people, to the native churches, to the representatives of other denominations and to the government, demand more than human wisdom. But the sure progress of the peoples who were Savage to­ wards a civilization which may be Christian is a challenge to the noblest service.

SOUTH AFRICA MISSION, RHODESIA BRANCH

In the report of a year ago one of the most pressing needs of the Rhodesia Branch of the South Africa Mission was for a new power plant. The boiler and engine which had served so splendidly for thirty years had given way and the funds were not in hand to replace them. The welcome news was cabled to South Africa in April that the $4,000 needed for a new boiler and engine were in hand. After considerable search a suitable engine was found in South Africa and has been put in place at Mt. Silinda. It was deemed wise to purchase the boiler in England, and when after weeks of anticipation it arrived, the mission­ aries were dismayed to find that the wrong boiler had been sent and could not be used. They are now, therefore, patiently waiting the correction of the error so that the power plant may begin operations again. The hindrance to the work caused by this long delay in furnishing steam power has been largely in the construction of new buildings which are much needed and which cannot so economically be erected with man power alone. The interruption of another function of the engine which threatened serious privation was the grinding of corn for the schools. To overcome this difficulty, however, a water wheel was constructed which now is able to provide quite satisfactorily for the needs of those dependent on the Mission. The famine reported last year as menacing the whole region of Por­ tuguese East Africa and Rhodesia did not prove so fatal in its results as in other years. This was due in large part to the hearty co-operation between the missionaries and the government in providing food at low 30 Missions in Africa prices to the natives. This co-operation was in the British section of the field but many in the Portuguese section were also aided thereby. Something in the neighborhood of $1,500 was sent from America for purposes of relief as it was ably administered by our missionaries. During the year Dr. Lawrence, whose passport among the natives was his ability to heal the sick, made a long tour into Portuguese territory to the south and east. Each such tour emphasizes again the great need of these people of the lowlands. Some two hundred thou­ sand natives living between the Sabi River on the south and the railroad from Beira to Umtali on the north are utterly without any mis­ sionary approach except as they hear the Gospel through our represen­ tatives. In many villages the people are eagerly waiting for the coming of the messengers of light. Their children in some instances come to the schools at Mt. Silinda, but they deeply desire schools of their own and are in every way open to the Gospel message. The coming to America on furlough of Mr. Dysart has enabled the officers of the Board and the Prudential Committee to gain a more direct knowledge of the requirements of this field. Apparently we have thus far failed to provide workers so thoroughly trained in Portu­ guese as to be able to meet the desires of the Portuguese authorities in opening schools in their territory. The advances made in West Africa through co-operation with the government in the matters of language and industrial training suggest the lines which must be pur­ sued if we are to adequately meet the needs in the Portuguese East Africa territory. The favoráble attitude of the government to the right approach is demonstrated by the eagerness with which industrial training has been welcomed at Gogoyo. An altogether inadequate equipment and a comparatively small degree of technical training has enabled the missionaries there to open what is called an industrial school with the approval of the local authorities. Perhaps the most encouraging feature of the work at Gogoyo is the organizing of a local native church in which regular services continue thus far unhindered by the government. The ordination of Ngangeni Dhlakama was indeed a notable triumph in the work in Portuguese East Africa. He shepherds this isolated flock with tenderness and devotion. What the white man cannot do, because he is white and foreign, the native, when guided and prepared, has been able to accomplish. One of the most notable features of the work in the Rhodesia Branch in the past two years has been the founding and developing of outstation schools. These have been established in response to the Missions in Africa 31

eagerness of the people and constitute a ready means of approach to an ever widening circle. The number of pupils and teachers reported elsewhere is a cause for great satisfaction in itself. Each new school becomes a new center for evangelistic effort. The outstanding event of the year in Rhodesia has been the spiritual revival which has been felt in all departments of the Mission. This has been most marked among the pupils at Mt. Silinda and some of the outstations. The effervescent responsiveness of the native has been manifested in long prayer meetings of such a nature that those par­ ticipating often completely lost their voices. It is difficult for those whcse touch with Africa has only been through the printed page to understand the depth of meaning in the almost hysterical excitement of these revival services. Some of the missionaries write most cordially of the work as it has progressed thus far but recognize very clearly the heavy responsibility placed upon them for guiding into right channels the new power and enthusiasm which has been created in these young lives.

WEST CENTRAL AFRICA

A heart-breaking opportunity presses upon each missionary in West Africa. Perhaps no appeal has recently made a greater impres­ sion upon the Prudential Committee than the personal statement of Mr. Hastings upon his return from the field. Speaking of the need of the Bailundo Station he said their greatest task was to keep back the people from the church and school. They pressed so eagerly upon the missionaries that it was impossible for the few representatives of the Board to escape being crushed under the burden, except as they actually took means for holding back those who were searching for the blessings of the Gospel. A few new recruits have reached the Mission this past year, after a period of study in Portugal. They have hardly balanced those who have left on furlough, and the Mission is urgently calling for further reinforcement. Under such pressure there is little opportunity in most of the sta­ tions of this Mission for specialized activities. Each man and each woman must be all things to the native African, hungry in body and soul. There are six doctors in the Mission and only one of them has been able to build up anything which could be called a hospital. The others are pressed upon with varied activities. Agricultural and industrial training must be undertaken by men whose years of prepara- 32 Missions in Africa tion have been spent in the hospital and laboratory. On the other hand, the general missionary, with little medical training, must minister to the physical needs of the people where the doctor cannot be found. The African “ is tortured by the fear of evil spirits. He h&s a vivid consciousness of unknown forces controlling his life. His only refuge from these fears is in fetishism. A fetish may be anything—a deer hoof, a chicken bone, a seed pod, a foreign coin, a clay image—but because it is bought from a witch doctor it has a peculiar charm and is cher­ ished as sacred. The superstitions of centuries cannot be cast off in a moment; they are verily interwoven in the texture of the mind.” Mr. Bell, whose medical training has been but incidental, is the trusted physician in Bailundo. Not only is he called upon to prescribe quinine for malaria and give simple directions for the treatment of common diseases, but he must also act as dentist and even surgeon as the acute need arises. Necessity knows no medical license. Despite the restrictions of language which have come upon the Mission in the last two years, and the revolutionary change which has necessarily followed in the educational system, there are perhaps less of outstanding problems in the advance of the work in Angola than in either of the other fields of the Board in Africa. The thrill of making the light shine in the pimitive darkness of Africa is felt in every sta­ tion. The outstanding example of pioneering this year has been the opening of the Galangue Station. In other reports reference has been made to this new venture undertaken by the Colored Churches of the Southern States. The plans and hopes of other years have found fruition in the construction of the first buildings at Galangue. The site chosen for this station was thickly covered with bush, the cutting of which provided material for a number of temporary structures which have already been erected, and some material for the permanent build­ ings for which plans are made. The site chosen has approved itself to the whole Mission and has indeed natural possibilities of great promise. A small church has already been organized, its members being those who had received “ the words” at Dondi in other years. Cordial relations with the nearest government officials have been established and there seems no hindrance to the preaching of the Gospel in this virgin field. The school work which was so seriously disorganized by the new requirements of the government has now come into its regular swing. Not only in the stations and outstations are the boarding and day schools operating fairly regularly, but the central training institutes Missions in Africa 33 at Dondi are making normal and satisfactory progress once more. A number of much needed buildings have been erected at this center of the Mission and now urgent requests for eight new workers are being considered by the Canadian Boards. It was an event in the history of the Mission when twenty-five tons of Bibles, hymn books and other literature printed in Europe with a view to the new language requirements, were received on the field. The most beautiful of all these productions was the bi-lingual transla­ tion of the Gospels and the Acts in parallel columns of Portuguese and Umbundu. It is hoped that this edition will go far towards assuring the government of the willingness of the missionaries to continue their work in harmony with the new laws. The West Africa Mission is unlike any other field of the American Board in the sources of its home support. The administration has been from Boston, but funds for the work have been raised by the Colored Churches of the South as well as by the co-operating Canadian Societies. The Southern Churches are taking hold with a steady earnestness arid enthusiasm which is cheering to those who have from the beginning been interested in this experiment. Canadian support has thus far been limited to the work of two or three stations. With the union of the Presbyterian, Methodist and Congregational bodies in Canada, it is hoped that the resources of the new missionary organiza­ tion which may be formed will be such as to enable them to undertake a far larger share of the work of evangelizing West Africa. The following paragraph is from the words of a native African preacher, spoken out of an inheritance of virtual bondage reaching back for centuries, but inspired by the optimism of one whose soul has been made free by the knowledge of the truth: “ Can any good thing come out of Angola? We would that many could ‘come and see.’ Yes, because of the Heavenly Nazarene, whose name was called Immanuel, good things can come out of Angola, and He whose ‘soul was made an offering for sin’ shall see in Africa ‘of the travail of His soul and be satisfied.’ ” African Mission Institutions

Educational and Social

Adams: Amanzimtoti Institute (S. A.). Founded 1853 by Rev. David Rood. Rev. Albert E. LeRoy, Principal. Departments: Theological; Normal; Pre-Medical; High School; Intermediate; Primary; Kindergarten; Agricultural; Industrial. Buildings: 6 classroom buildings; Domestic Science Building; 5 dormitories, one built this year; 8 residences, one built this year; carpentry shop; dairy; cow and wagon sheds. Enrolment 450, of whom 150 are boarders. Staff: Eleven foreign and seven native teachers. Rev. Henry A. Stick is Dean of the Theo­ logical Department which in a three-year course trains men for the work of pastors and evangelists. Miss Caroline Frost, Miss May Tebbatt and Miss Anna Clarke are the American teachers largely re­ sponsible for the Normal School.* The standard of admission and the age limit have been raised one year and, as only half the applicants can be received, the 96 students are a picked group. The Domestic Science course is the most popular with the girls. A remarkable bit of constructive work has been done in the founding of the Kindergarten in 1921 by Miss Clarke, and its 40 pupils have made surprising progress. The Agricultural Department under Mr. Albert J. Hicks has in­ creased greatly in popularity with the boys and receives the hearty support of the Government. Good crops are raised on land considered worthless by the natives and the revenue from sugar-cane goes far toward the support of the department. The Pre-Medical Class (9) under Mr. Wesley Atkins has done good work and, as the forerunner of medical education in South Africa, has special importance. The roads have been hardened around the school this year and a new Football Ground completed. A number of students render community service and the Institute has assumed the support of a young woman who gives all her time to evangelistic and social service work with young people. ♦Institutions marked with an * are supported, or if coeducational, partly supported, by the Woman’s Board of Missions; institutions marked t by the Woman’s Board of Missions of the Interior; institutions marked § by the Canadian Congregational Church. 34 Missions in Africa 35

Adams: Amanzimtoti Language School. Not in session this year. No regular buildings. Bailundo: Schools (W. C. A.). Girls’ School founded 1912 by Miss E. C. Redick; Boys’ School founded 1918 by Rev. D. A. Hastings. Buildings: One sun-dried brick dormitory for girls; one burnt-brick dormitory for boys. Grades: first to sixth. Miss Janette Miller in charge of the Girls’ School with its 23 boarders; there are 50 boys from the outstations in the Boys’ Boarding School, Mrs. Hastings in charge; total enrolment in Station School 263; Miss Una J. Minto, Principal. There was no kindergarten this year, owing to lack of equipment. A normal class for pupil-teachers was conducted twice a week. Chikore: Schools* (S. A.). Founded 1903 by Rev. G. A. Wilder and Miss Clio Wilder. Grade: Elementary with kindergarten and industrial department. Buildings: Common school building of brick; brick dormitory for boys; two small brick dormitories for girls; money is in hand for other needed buildings but material for them is lacking. Rev. Columbus C. Fuller, Principal; Miss Fannie E. Ellener, Associate Principal and in charge of Ireland Home. Enrolment 308, of whom 50 are in Boys’ Boarding School and 44 in Girls’ Boarding School, with 214 in the Station School. Chisamba: Schools § (W. C. A.). Founded 1896 byMissHelen J. Melville who is still in charge of the Girls’ Boarding School, Mr. J. Arthur Steed being in charge of the Boys’ Boarding School, Miss Elizabeth Read, Principal of Station School. Departments: Sec­ ondary, Primary, Kindergarten. Buildings’ A fine burnt-brick dormitory for boys; burnt-brick dormitory for girls and several smaller sun-dried brick buildings for dormitory use; new dining-room with kitchen. Enrolment 450, of whom 240 are boarders; 160 are boys and 80 are girls. The girls in the Girls’ Compound are most of them not of school age, but desire to lead a Christian life. They cultivate their own fields and thus supply themselves with necessities and the station provides them with houses; three have joined the church, four the catechumen class. Day Schools: In the Zulu Mission there are 82 primary schools with 4,551 pupils and 7 intermediate schools with 201. In Rhodesia the 18 elementary out-station schools enrolled 1,495 and half of these children have become Christians. New schools are to be opened and 36 Missions in Africa new teachers secured. The elementary schools in West Central Africa Mission number 104 with an enrolment of 12,650.

Dondi: Currie Institute§ (W. C. A.). Founded 1914 by Rev. John T. Tucker and Rev. William C. Bell. The W. F. M. S. unites with the American Board in its support. Departments: Secondary School; Industrial; Agricultural. Buildings: Schoolhouse, capacity 200; dormitory for 100; carpenter shop; blacksmith shop; 3 resi­ dences; Trades Building ($6,000); power plant ($7,000) erected 1922. Board and tuition $12. Rev. John T. Tucker, Principal, Mrs. Tucker, Mr. Bell, Mr. and Mrs. Dart, other members of the Mis­ sion on staff of school. Enrolment 180. Last year the students at­ tempted the Government examinations for the first time; 75 passed and 64 more in March, 1923. The problem of text books is more acute than ever as now the Portuguese Government demands a parallel version of all religious works published.

Dondi: Means Training School.t Founded 1916 by theW. B. M. I. Grade: Secondary School with Industrial Department. Build­ ings: 2 dormitories; 1 dining-hall with kitchen, now used for school purposes as well; 1 building used for pounding; 1 residence erected 1923. Pupils pay $18 for board, clothing and school materials. Mrs. Amy J. Currie, Acting-Principal; Mrs. Marion Webster, Miss Laurette Dibble, Dr. Rose A. Bower, other American members of staff. Enrolment 62, all of whom are professing Christians. They teach in the Practice School afternoons. Bible study is in Umbundu, other subjects are taught in Portuguese. Basketry, sewing, garment- making are taught but field work is less popular now than formerly as the present generation of young men is learning to be ashamed of requiring work in the fields of their wives.

Inanda Seminary* (S. A.). Founded 1869 by Mrs. Mary K* Edwards, now Senior Missionary of the institution. Departments: Intermediate; High School; Industrial; Industrial Teacher Training. Buildings: Main Building; Edwards Hall: Lucy Lindley Hall — both with dormitories upstairs and classrooms downstairs; Stanwood Cottage; Hospital; Edwards Industrial Hall; Phelps Hall. Board £8. Miss Evelyn Clarke, Principal; Miss Margaret E. Walbridge, Head of Industrial Department, Acting-Principal during Miss Clarke’s fur­ lough; Miss Fidelia Phelps and Miss Minnie Carter, other American Missions in Africa 37 members of the staff. Enrolment 119. Group Control was inaugu­ rated this year.

Kamundongo: Schools§ (W. C. A.)- Girls’ Boarding School founded 1911 by Miss Nellie Arnot; Boys’, 1912 by Dr.'Henry S. Hollenbeck. Grade: Primary and Secondary. Buildings: Girls’ dormitory, dining-hall, kitchen, of sun-dried brick; 2 small dormitories for the boys with 5 abandoned houses; dining-hall and kitchen built 1923. An infirmary is needed. The girls pay $12 board and tuition, the boys $15. Miss Elizabeth S. Mackenzie is in charge of the Main School, Mrs. Evelyn Hunter of the Girls’ Boarding School, Rev. James E. Lloyd of the Boys’ School. Enrolment 186, of whom 62 boys were boarders and 28 girls. Ten boys and 16 girls made public confession of faith during the year. The boys worked in the Carpenter’s Shop under Dr. Hollenbeck’s supervision.

Mt. Silinda Training and Practicing School* (S. A.). Founded 1918 by Arlen G. Mather. Departments: Normal; Biblical; Literary; Agricultural; Industrial. The Practicing School comprises Primary School and Kindergarten. Buildings: One two-story brick building used for boys’ boarding department and for school purposes; girls’ boarding department building. Board and tuition $50. Staff: Emory D. Alvord, Principal and in charge of Agricultural Department, Miss Ivy E. Craig, Associate Principal, Arthur J. Ornerand John E. Hack in charge of Industrial Department, Miss Mabel Larkins, Mrs. Alvord, Miss C. A. Van Heerden, and native teachers bringing the total to 37- Enrolment 429; 100 boys are boarders and 80 girls. A Manual Training Class has been re-established this year. The boys of the boarding department are now governed by a student committee. There has been a decided mental and spiritual awakening among the students.

Ochileso: Boys’ Boarding School (W.C. A.). Founded 1911 by Rev. Henry A. Neipp, present Principal. Grade: Primary, with industrial and agricultural departments. Buildings: No grant ever having been received, old houses are being used. Board and tuition $12. Enrolment 58. Greater attention has been paid to the Portuguese language than ever before, and an attempt has been made to develop the play life of the boys. 38 Missions in Africa

Publications: In West Africa a commentary on Genesis has been completed and the Annual Report of the Mission printed. Rhodesia reports 2,000 copies of the Psalms printed, Acts-Revelations 500 copies, First Reader in Chindau 9,500 copies, a new book on Giving prepared by Mr. Dysart 1,000 copies. In the Transvaal Rev. Ray E. Phillips writes a column a week for the AbantuBaiho, a newspaper edited and published by natives, and for another native newspaper, the Umtetelina Bantu, runs weekly a “ Religious Supplement,” a page of matter adapted and arranged for native readers.

Sachikela: Boarding Schools (W. C. A.). Girls’ School founded 1913 by Mrs. Robert Moffat. Grade: Primary, with an Agricultural Department. Board and tuition $12. Buildings: One fairly large building with sleeping and living rooms for the girls; one for boys; dining-hall for boys, built 1922; storehouse built this year. Miss Elizabeth B. Campbell, Principal. Enrolment 228 of whom 85 boys are boarders, 39 girls are boarders, and 36 are in the kindergarten. Four girls were received into the church, nine made confession of faith, all others are in the catechumen class.

Social Service: In Durban six night schools under the supervision of Rev. James D. Taylor keep 350 boys off the street and give the n an elementary education. The teachers are former Mission boarding school pupils now at work in the town. The problem of how to touch the life of the 4,000 and more natives living in the municipal barracks is partially solved by the Bioscope. Three evenings a week Dr. Taylor gives a carefully selected program of films. He has organized a joint council of Europeans and natives to discuss native affairs and learn to understand each other. A chapter of Gamma Sigma supplies educated young men with the intellectual and social stimulus they need, crave, and eagerly respond to. In Inanda the Purity League, established in 1919, has the past year acquired an organizing secretary who gives all her time to the work. Johannesburg is “ one great cantonment camp where over half a million black men, mostly young and largely heathen, are gathered together in one huge army of workers. . . . There is practically nothing being done along social lines to counteract the downward pull of the customs of concentrated heathenism plus the attractive, vicious habits of a civilization’s underworld.” Except by missionaries. Rev. Ray E. Phillips has built up a highly developed bioscope circuit; Missions in Africa 39 twenty men give their evenings to showing pictures of great educational and moral value. The Gamma Sigma, Boy Scouts and several other organizations work among special classes. Miss Alice Weir is working in Doomfontein, a slum district of Johannesburg, where day and night schools and a dispensary are reaching the children in their mis­ erable hovels* she also visits Newlands Location, an attempt at a model village where a Sunday School and day school have been started to help the 3,000 children.

MEDICAL

Chikore: Dispensary (S. A.). Opened 1915 by Rev. G. C. Fuller. Buildings: Part of a brick building; two huts for patients built this year. Dr. William T. Lawrence of Mt. Silinda has been in charge the past year. Miss Fannie Ellener acting as his assistant; Miss Minnie Tontz, a trained nurse, takes charge the last of the year. In-patients 75; new out-patients 2,923; total treatments over 4,817.

Chisamba: Hospital! (W. C. A.). Founded 1896 by Dr. W. T. Currie. Buildings: One sun-dried brick building with several smaller buildings for patients; 1 burnt-brick building erected this year. Dr. Reuben S. Hall, Physician in charge. Total treatments 28,000.

Durban: Mission Hospital (S. A.). Founded 1909 by Dr. James B. McCord. Capacity 35 beds. Cost of maintaining a bed, £48. Buildings: One brick building for in-patients, some dispensary work, housing of native nurses and classrooms; one building for the housing and instruction of the medical students, this year used as a missionary residence as well; one large brick building in the city for dispensary work. Dr. Alan B. Taylor, Physician in charge of hospital; Dr. James B. McCord in charge of medical training and general medical work; in-patients during the year 392; dispensary patients 5,000; major operations 22, minor 76, total 98.

Gogoyo: Dispensary (S. A.). Opened by Dr. William T. Lawrence in 1917. Buildings: Three pole-and-daub huts with thatch roofs. Dr. William L. Thompson, Physician in charge. Treat­ ments 800. 40 Missions in Africa

Kamundongo: Dispensary § (W. C. A.). Buildings: One adobe grass-thatched building containing dispensary, operating-room, laboratory, store-room. Dr. Henry S. Hollenbeck, Physician in charge. In-patients 30; total treatments 8,480.

Mt. Silinda: Hospital (S. A.). Founded 1912 by Dr. William L. Thompson. Capacity 6 beds. Cost of maintaining a bed one year $52. Buildings: One one-story administration building contain­ ing one small ward and nurses’ quarters; 1 dispensary building; 3 one-room buildings in process of construction. Dr. William T. Law­ rence succeeded Dr. Thompson as Physician in charge in March, 1923. Miss Gertrude G. Merrill, new superintendent, nurse, arrived in September 1922. In-patients 29, dispensary patients 5,482, of whom 2,825 were new; operations 174.

Ochileso: Dispensary (W. C. A.). Founded 1904 by Mrs. T. W. Woodside. Buildings: One. Dr. Mary F. Cushman, Physician in charge from November, 1922. Treatments 4,000.

Sachikela: Dispensary (W. C. A.). Founded about 1903 by Dr. Frederic C. Wellman. Buildings: One stone and burnt brick building; several huts for patients. Drs. W'illiam and Libbie S. Cammack, Physicians in charge. Total treatments 9,800. The American Board Missions in the Near East

Stations: Location and Special Work of Missionaries

BULGARIAN MISSION

Samokov (1857).— Rev. Leroy F. Ostrander: Principal of American School for Boys. Mrs. Mary R. Ostrander. EdwardB. Haskell, D. D .: Religious and educational work in the Boys’ School and station. Mrs. Elizabeth F. Haskell: Work for women. Rev. William P. Clarke; Mrs. MarthaG. Clarke: Mission secretary and treasurer; church work. Miss Inez L. Abbott: Principal of the American School for Girls. Miss Edith L. Douglass; Miss Helen M. Crockett; Miss Mabel E. Long: Teachers in the Girls’ School.

Philippopolis (1858). — Rev. William C. Cooper: In charge of the station and evangelistic work. Mrs. Eugenia F. Cooper: Work for Women. Rev. Theodore T. Holway: Evangelistic work. Mrs. Chay- lotte T. Holway.

Sofia (------). — Rev. Reuben H. Markham: Editor of "The Zornitsa” ; Literary and evangelistic work. Mrs. Mary G. Markham. Mrs. Alma S. Woodruff: Social and educational work. Miss Elizabeth C. Clarke: Kindergarten supervision and training school. Miss Agnes M. Baird: Evangelistic and social work. Mr. Herbert B. King: Mission architect and builder. Mrs. MaryB. King.

Associated with the Mission. — (Samokov) Mr. Paul Row­ land; Mr. JohnF. Stearns: Teachers in the American School for Boys. No missionaries are on furlough since Mr. and Mrs. King returned to Sofia to help in the building operations. Miss Sophie M. Meebold has completed her term of teaching in the Girls’ School and has returned to America. Mr. and Mrs. Markham and Mrs. Woodruff have been transferred from Philippopolis to Sofia. Miss Margaret B. Haskell is under appointment to the Mission, but will not go out until 1924.

STATISTICS (1922). Three stations; 37 outstations. Popula­ tion of field 350,000. 6 ordained men and 1 unordained; 7 wives; 41 42 The Near East Missions

7 single women; total number of missionaries 21; associate workers 3. The native force consists of 18 ordained preachers; 3 unordained; 9 men teachers; 10 women teachers; 8 Bible women; 1 other worker, making a total of 49. The church and evangelistic work is repre­ sented in 39 places with 22 organized churches; 2 self-supporting with 1,115 communicants. Last year 56 were added to the membership out of a total constituency of 3,065. Sunday Schools, 31 with a membership of 1,362. Christian Endeavor Societies, 14 with a membership of 485. Two secondary schools with 136 boys and 167 girls; 1 primary school with 12 pupils; 1 kindergarten with 48 pupils. In all, 4 schools with a total of 363 under instruction. Native contribu­ tions show $2;605 for Christian work; $3,941 for educational work, making a total of $6,546.

WESTERN TURKEY MISSION

Smyrna (1920). — Alexander MacLachlan, D. D .: President of International College. Mrs. RoseB. MacLachlan: Work for students; Rev. Cass Arthur Reed,Ed. D : Professor of Philosophy and Education in International College; Dean of College. Mrs. Rosalind M. Reed: Assistant in college work. SamuelL. Caldwell: Professor of Mathema­ tics in International College; Caleb W.Lawrence: Professor of English Literature in International College; Librarian. Miss Olive Greene: In charge of Girls’ School.

Constantinople (1831). — William W. Peet, LL. D .: Mission Administrator; Treasurer of the Turkey and Bulgarian Missions. Rev. Charles T. Riggs: Evangelistic work for Greeks; Mission Secre­ tary. Mrs. Mary S. Riggs. Luther R. Fowle: Assistant Treasurer for the Turkey and Bulgarian Missions. Mrs. Helen C. Fowle. Rev. Fred. F. Goodsell: Director of the Language School and School of Religious Education; evangelistic work; Mrs. Lulu G. Goodsell. Fred­ erick W. MacCallum, D .D . In charge of the Publication Department. Mrs. Henrietta W. MacCallum. Rev. Ernest Pye: Professor in the School of Religious Education. Mrs. DeEtta D. Pye. James P. McNaughton, D.D.: Principal of Bithynia High School. Mrs. Rebecca G. McNaughton. Rev. R. Finney Markham; Mrs. Evangeline M cN. Markham: Teaching in Bithynia High School. Miss Ethel W. Putney: Principal of the Gedik Pasha School. Miss AnnaB. Jones; The Near East Missions 43

Mrs. Etta D. Marden; Miss Annie M. Barker; Miss Ellen W. Catlin: Teachers in the Gedik Pasha School. WilsonF. Dodd, M. D .: Medical Teaching. Mrs. Mary B. Dodd. Rev. John J. Kingsbury; Mrs. RuthB. Kingsbury: Teaching in Bithynia High School. Miss Mary E. Kinney: Principal of the Girls’ School at Scutari. Mrs. Elvesta T. Leslie: Assistant in the Treasury Department. Miss Edith Sander­ son: Language study.

Residing at Brousa.— Miss Jeannie L. Jillson: Relief and edu­ cational work. Miss Mary I. Ward: Teacher in Girls’ School.

Sivas (1851). —

Marsovan (1852).— Miss Charlotte R. Willard: In charge of the station and educational work. Miss Bertha B. Morley: Educational work. Talas (Cesarea) (1854). — Charles E. Clark, M. D .: In charge of hospital and medical work. Mrs. Ina C. Clark. Albert W. Dewey, M.D.: Medical and relief work. Mrs. Elsie G. Dewey. Miss Clara C. Richmond: Station and educational work. Mrs. Lillian C. Sewny: Medical work, nursing. Carl C. Compton: Mrs. Ruth McG. Compton: Orphanage work.

Salonica, Greece (1894). — J. Henry House, D. D .: President of the Thessalonica Agricultural and Industrial Institute. Mrs. Addie B. House: Work for women and students. Rev. J. Riggs Brewster: Evangelistic work and Boys’ School. Mrs. Ethel B . Brewster: Educa­ tional work. Dana K . Getchell: Work among the refugees; Station treasurer. Mrs. Susan R. Getchell: Work for refugees. George E. White, D. D., President of Anatolia College: Educational work. Miss Lena L. Lietzau; Miss Grace M. Elliott: Educational work in Girls’ School.

Athens, Greece. — Rev. Herbert M. Irwin: Evangelistic work among refugees. Miss Minnie B. Mills; Miss Emily McCallum; Miss Annie E. Pinneo; Miss Nina E. Rice: Educational work. Rev. William E. Hawkes: Language study. JesseK. Marden, M. D .: Medical work. Mrs. Lucy M. Marden.

Outside the Mission. — (Erivan) Rev. Ernest C. Partridge; 44 The Near East Missions

Mrs. Winona G. Partridge: Educational and evangelistic work. (Beirut) Rev. Joseph M. Beach: Relief work. Mr s. Blanche E. Beach.

On Furlough. — Mrs. Esther B. White; Rev. S. Ralph Harlow; Mrs. Marion S. Harlow; Rev.J. Kingsley Birge; Mrs. Anna H.Birge; Mrs. Carrie B. Caldwell; Mrs. Helen L. Lawrence; Mr. Theodore D. Riggs; Mrs. Winnifred C. Riggs; Miss Stella N. Loughbridge; Miss Susan W. Orvis; Mrs. Genevieve D. Irwin.

Associated with the Mission. — (Constantinople) Miss Eliza­ beth L. Lewis: Teacher in the Gedik Pasha School. Miss Annie A. Phelps: Helping in the American Hospital. (Smyrna) Mr. Kenneth B. Kirkwood; Mr. Archie MacFarlane; Mr. Charles Van Zanten. Instructors in the International College. (Brousa) Miss Margaret Hinman: Teaching in the Girls’ School. (Marsovan) Miss Fanny G. Noyes: Nursing and relief work. Miss Emma Zbinden: Educational work. (Salonica) Mr. Charles L. House; Miss Ruth E. House: Edu­ cational'work in the Thessalonica Institute. Mr. Malcolm R. Irwin: Teacher in the Institute. Mr. and Mrs. Arthur J.Bertholf: Connected with the Institute. Mrs. Cornelia C. Richards: Secretarial and educa­ tional work in Institute. (Athens) Miss Mary A . Whittle: Educa­ tional work. The location of the missionaries is somewhat more permanent than a year ago. Of those on furlough Miss Nellie Cole, Miss Sophie Holt and Miss Gertrude Grohe are remaining permanently in America. Dr. White has gone to Salonica to help in the rehabilitation of the mission work and Mrs. White will follow later. Mrs. Charles T. Riggs and Mrs. McNaughton, after their visit in the United States, are back in Constantinople. Mr. and Mrs. Brewster have returned to Salonica after completing their regular furlough. Mr. Birge, Mr. and Mrs. Theodore Riggs, Miss Loughbridge and Miss Orvis have entered on their furlough. Miss Parsons has withdrawn from Brousa and is in America because of home responsibilities. Those who continue in Greece are listed in connection with Salonica and Athens. Mrs. Reed and Miss Greene are back in Smyrna and Miss Morley has been able to return to Marsovan. Dr. and Mrs. Charles E. Clark are in the medical work in Talas, while Dr. and Mrs. Wilson F- Dodd continue in Constantinople where he is teaching in Constantinople College. Miss Ward has taken up work in the Girls’ School in Brousa. Dr. and Mrs. Phillips F. Greene have withdrawn from service in Turkey and The Near East Missions 45

are with the Yale Mission in China. Mr. and Mrs. Kingsbury having completed their year of language study are teaching in the Bithynia High School. Mr. and Mrs. Beach have been transferred from Talas to Beirut where they will continue under the Near East Relief. Miss Theda B. Phelps, at the end of her furlough, responded to a call from Marash in Central Turkey. The mission has been reinforced by Rev. Herbert M. Irwin who has gone to Greece towork among the refu­ gees; by Mrs. Elvesta T. Leslie, formerly of Oorfa, Central Turkey, who is connected with the Treasury Department in Constantinople; and by Miss Edith Sanderson now in the Language School in Constan­ tinople, and who will take Miss Parsons’ place in the Girls’ School in Brousa. Trebizond has been given up as a mission station.

STATISTICS (1921). — The statistics are much abbreviated, and in a number of instances only estimates, owing to the disturbed situation in the Near East. There are 7 stations and 12 outstations. Population of the field estimated as 5,000,000. The present missionary force includes 17 ordained missionaries; 11 men not ordained; 26 wives; 25 single women; total number of missionaries 79; associate workers 15. The native force includes 13 ordained preachers; 6 unordained preachers; 26 men teachers; 56 women teachers; 4 Bible women; total 105. The work is maintained in 25 places of regular meeting with 14 organized churches. The communicants number 1,021 of whom 32 were added during the year. The total constituency is estimated at 3,118. There are 14 Sunday Schools with 478 members, and 14 Christian Endeavor Societies with 348 members. There is 1 college with 26 students and 1 training school having 24 pupils. In Constantinople and Smyrna there are 6 secondary schools with 363 boys and 593 girls; 7 primary schools with 503 pupils. Total number of schools 15, and total number under instruction 1,512. The native contributions are estimated at $15,000. 2 hospitals in operation; no report.

CENTRAL TURKEY MISSION

Aintab (1847). — Lorrin A . Shepard, M. D .: Hospital and Medical work. Mrs. Virginia M. Shepard. Rev. Merrill N. Isely; Mrs. Mildred M .Isely: Educational work. Caroline F. Hamilton, M. D .: Medical work. Jesse K . Marden, M. D .: Physician in the hospital. Mrs. 46 The Near East Missions

Lucy M. Marden. Miss Louise M. Clark: Nurse in hospital; training of nurses. Miss Elizabeth M. Trowbridge: Evangelistic work for women.

Adana (1852). — Cyril H. Haas, M. D .: In charge of the Inter­ national Hospital. Miss Mary G. Webb: Station and Educational work. Miss Hazel K , Hotson: Nurse in hospital; training of nurses. Miss C. Grace Towner; Miss Jessie E. Martin: Educational work, Adana Seminary. Miss Lillian C. Brauer: City and social work.

Marash (1854). — Rev. William Sage Woolworth, Jr.: Station and treasury work. Miss Edith Cold; Miss Ellen M. Blakely: Educa­ tional and general work.

Oorfa (1854). —

Tarsus (1859). — Rev. PaulE. Nilson; Mrs. Harriet F. Nilson: In charge of St. Paul’s College.

A leppo.— John C. Martin, D.D.: Evangelistic work, church supervision. Mrs. Mary C. Martin: Work for refugees. MissLucile Foreman; Miss Harriet C. Norton; Miss Pauline M. Rehder: Educa­ tional work.

Outside the Mission. — (Beirut) W. Nesbitt Chambers, D. D .: Religious work for Armenian refugees. Mrs. Cornelia P. Chambers; Miss Elizabeth S. Webb: Educational work among refugees. (Con­ stantinople) Miss MyrtleE. Nolan: Relief work.

On Furlough. — Rev. John E. Merrill; Mrs. Isabel T. Merrill; Mrs. Ruth D. Haas; Rev. James K. Lyman; Mrs. Bessie H. Lyman; Miss KateE. Ainslee; Miss Annie E. Gordon.

Associated with the Mission. — (Beirut) Miss Martha J. Frearson; Miss Annie Davies: Orphanage and hospital workers. (Adana) Miss Lucie Bor el: Educational work. (Tarsus) Mr. Roger P. Matteson; Mr. Leslie Lewis: Instructors in St. Paul’s College. Mrs. Emily Block: College matron. The Near East Missions 47

Miss Gordon has joined those on furlough while Mrs. Trowbridge and Miss Lee have been dropped from the active list. Dr. and Mrs. Merrill and Mr. and Mrs. Lyman are prolonging their furloughs. Mr. Paul Bobb and Mr. James Goldsbury have completed their terms and have returned to America. Dr. William Kristensen was compelled to close the hospital in Marash and has withdrawn from service under the Board. Dr. and Mrs. Phillips F. Greene did not go to Aintab after all and are now connected with the Yale Mission in China. Miss Cold has not taken her furlough and is holding on in Marash. Dr. and Mrs. Martin who were in Alexandretta are now located in Aleppo. Dr. and Mrs Chambers who were planning to go to Adana are detained in Beirut for health reasons.

STATISTICS (1921). — There are 4 stations not counting Aleppo, and 18 outstations. The population of the field is estimated at 1,500,000. The present missionary force comprises 7 ordained missionaries; 2 unordained men; 8 wives; 17 single women, making a total of 34 missionaries; associate workers, 7. The native force includes 7 ordained preachers; 13 unordained preachers; 92 men and women teachers; 18 Bible women; 5 other workers, making a total of 135 workers. A general estimate of mission work shows 20 places of regular meeting; 15 organized churches; 3,000 communicants, and a total constituency of 12,665. There are 8 Sunday Schools with 1,870 pupils. The educational work is carried on in 2 colleges with 9 students; 4 secondary schools with 309 pupils; primary school pupils, 1,035; 1 kindergarten with 35 pupils, making 7 schools having 1,388 under instruction. Incomplete returns for the medical work show 3 hospitals and 3 dispensaries giving 22,845 treatments. The contri­ butions of the native church are estimated as $7,000 for all purposes.

EASTERN TURKEY MISSION Erzroom (1839). — Diarbekir (1853).— Harpoot (1855). — Bitlis (1855).— Van (1872). —

Outside the Mission. — (Beirut) Rev. Henry H. Riggs; Mrs. AnnieB. Riggs: Evangelistic work for Armenians in Syria. (Scutari) 48 The Near East Missions

Miss Mary W. Riggs: Assisting in the Girls’ School. (Konia) Miss Grisell M. McLaren: Nursing and relief work. (Alexandropol) Miss Caroline Silliman: Relief work. (Erivan, Caucasus) Rev. Harrison A. Maynard; Mrs. Mary W. Maynard: Educational and .evangelistic work. (Athens) Miss Myrtle 0. Shane: Evangelistic and educational work. (Salonica) Ruth A. Parmelee, M. D .: Medical relief work.

On Furlough. — Rev. Robert Stapleton; Mrs. Ida S. Stapleton; Miss Isabelle Harley. The only missionaries on regular furlough are Mr. and Mrs. Stapleton and Miss Harley. Dr. Ward has become Acting Candidate Secretary for the Board, and Dr. Ussher has entered private practice in this country. Miss McLaren who was in the Caucasus is located in Konia in hospital service. Rev. and Mrs. Henry Riggs have been transferred from Constantinople to Beirut, where they will care for the evangelistic work among the Armenian refugees in the Syria area.

STATISTICS (1921). — Since the mission is not in operation there are practically no statistics to report. Five stations are listed, but none of them are occupied. Population of field estimated at 2,500,000. The mission force, which is greatly reduced, includes 4 ordained mis­ sionaries; 3 unordained men; 3 wives and 6 single women; a total of 12 missionaries. There are a very few native workers, who have been scattered, but their number is not known. The churches and schools have been closed, also the hospital in Harpoot. There is no report for the past year.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY FOR NEAR EAST

Stations 15; outstations 67. Population of field about 9,350,000. The missionary force includes 33 ordained men; 14 unordained; 44 wives; 55 single women, making a total of 146. The native force is composed of 38 ordained preachers; 22 unordained preachers; total teachers 193; Bible women 30; other workers 10. Total number of workers 289. The native church has 84 places of regular meeting; 51 unorganized churches. The communicants number 5,136 in a total constituency of 18, 848. There are 53 Sunday Schools with a member­ ship of 3,710; 28 Christian Endeavor Societies with a membership of 833. The educational work is carried on in 6 colleges and training The Near East Missions 49 schools having 273 students; 10 secondary schools with 1,265 pupils; 12 primary schools with 1,585 pupils; 2 kindergartens with 83 pupils; making the total number of schools 26 with 3,263 pupils. The con­ tributions of the native churches for all purposes were $28,546. The report on the medical work is very incomplete. There are 5 hospitals, and at least 4 dispensaries and the treatments reported amounted to 22,845.

BULGARIA

Political conditions in Bulgaria have been far from quiet during this past year. The revolution with its serious approach to success inter- ferred in the progress of field evangelism. The uncertainties incident to such a condition made it more difficult to present the appeal of the simple Gospel. The effect of disturbances in government was not so marked in the schools where the year has been a normal one. One serious result of the failure of the return of peace has been the great fluctuation in the value of the lev. In one sense the decline of the lev has been an advantage, for each dollar brings far more units of the local currency than before. At the same time this decline has brought poverty to the people which has inevitably made more difficult their share in the work. For the first time in the history of the Mission the salaries of teachers in the missionary schools were made higher than those paid in the government schools. This was due to the fact that the government found it impossible toincreasejsalariesaccord­ ing to the increasing cost of living. In our schools, on the other hand, with the steady income from abroad, it was possible without using a greater number of dollars to increase the salaries first by twenty-five per cent and then by fifty-five per cent over what they had been before. These increases still provide but a meagre living but they raise our teachers above the privations caused by the starvation wages given by the government. In view of the widespread theological discussion which has main­ tained in the Protestant circles in Bulgaria for the last few years, the Mission has rejoiced to receive reinforcement in its evangelistic work. There has been a special emphasis upon field evangelism and renewed efforts to visit every place where Protestant work is being carried on. The results will not be seen in the statistics of a single year. In fact in many points these statistics are disappointing, but the seed is being carefully sown and the soil is being faithfully watered. The greatest 50 The Near East Missions gain reported is among the women where the attendance at women’s meetings has been increased by forty per cent during the year of the report. The Sunday Schools, whose attendance has increased thirteen per cent, have lacked for teachers. A new experiment has been tried to bring a vital message to those towns and villages which are deprived of religious leadership. The press of the financial situation has driven men away from their homes in search of work. For this reason and also because of the lowered standards through the years of the war, well qualified leadership in the churches is utterly absent in many places. Mr. Cooper has conceived the plan of sending out to communities especially needing it sermons prepared in advance and duplicated for the purpose. Some thirty such sermons have been read to congregations by men who would be utterly unable to give a message of their own. The sympathetic attitude of the Bulgarian government towards the school work so long conducted at Samokov has often been referred to. Unfortunately because of the cupidity of certain individuals holding necessary tracts of land near the government grant which was made in 1920, the whole plan of moving the Samokov schools to Gorna Banya had to be revised. Instead of accepting the generous offer of the govern­ ment a new site has been chosen about four miles southwest of Sofiar on a hill with a commanding view of the city. This choice has been made after long and most careful investigation of all the possibilities, and the ones best qualified to judge feel that it is far superior to the location proffered by the government. It also will cost less in the end because of the fact that such high prices would necessarily have been paid for privately owned lands which were contiguous to the latter. The plan pursued by the Mission in securing this site has worked out quite successfully. By buying up the shares of a dairy company they were able to control a large part of the property which they wished to secure. By further exchange of land they have nearly completed the process of securing a satisfactory site for the new college with limitless possibilities for future growth. The presence in Sofia of Mr. and Mrs. King will insure wise planning and economic construction when the day for erecting the building arrives. According to the judgment of several important visitors there is no such opportunity anywhere in the Near East for securing the intellectual and moral leadership of the people as that which is faced by the new schools in Sofia. The Near East Missions 51

TURKEY

The year which has just passed has witnessed several events of the very gravest importance in our missionary enterprise in Turkey. Possibly as the one of greatest significance we should name the deposi­ tion of the sultan with the incidental change in the caliphate. For centuries the sultan in Constantinople has himself been the successor of the Prophet and the religious head of the two million Moslems scattered throughout the world. The new government established in revolt against the weak policy of the sultan in Constantinople gained steadily in power for nearly three years until it was able triumphantly to enter Constantinople and declare the reign of the House of Othman at an end. With the flight of the sultan, Mohammed VI, his cousin was appointed caliph in his stead but with no civil authority. This change is especially significant in that for the first time the civil govern­ ment was released from the dominance of religion. This remarkable change in Turkey may be accounted for by the exigencies of interna­ tional relationships. It is perhaps better explained by the tendency among the leading Turks to modernize their government and to bring in a form of democracy in place of the outworn theocracy of history. How successfully the present government will be able to maintain its supremacy remains to be proved. Whether the religious liberty which has been promised with the separation of church and state becomes more than a mere name is also as yet uncertain. There can be no ques­ tion, however, of the fact that the present government with its capital at Angora has definitely freed itself from the shackles of the ancient politico-religious government of Constantinople. The significance of the signing of treaties of peace between Turkey and the Allies at Lausanne can hardly be over-estimated. Conferences and deliberations extended over nearly five years. The treaties finally drafted set off the old from the new in the history of missionary work in Turkey. For nearly a century missionaries and their institutions have been protected by foreign powers. Now they are under the laws of the Turk alone. The Capitulations, originating as a voluntary act of a powerful sultan to induce foreign merchants to engage in trade in Turkey, were the safeguard of all foreign institutions. To the Turks they had become an intolerable obstacle in the way of independence and progress and were humiliating to their pride. From the point of view of American missionary workers the Capitulations with the protec­ tion which they afforded were practically the only guarantee that all 52 The Near East Missions of the missionary work built up through generations of painful struggle would not be swept away at the caprice of some new government order. After nine years of contention the Allied Powers through their repre­ sentatives at Lausanne practically surrendered all the grounds of privilege which they had so stoutly maintained for centuries. The United States, unwilling to struggle alone for a doubtful advantage, acquiesced in these humiliating terms. The effect of the abolition of the Capitulations upon our work has been deep. It has in the first place demanded a complete readjust­ ment in the thinking of those engaged in missionary work in Turkey. They can no longer think of their institutions as being foreign and privileged. These must now be harmonized with the laws of the coun­ try and protected by the forces of justice which operate for all the people. Their own lives and property are similarly to be placed on an equality with those of the native people. Nor can the missionaries longer consider themselves privileged advocates of a justice guaranteed from without. They must now be sympathetic supporters of a justice which must be built up from within. It is difficult, if not impossible for some friends of the Board to make this readjustment in their funda­ mental attitude towards the position of the American missionaries under Turkish rule. Espeqially is this difficult in view of the tragic wrongs which have burned themselves into the very soul of America and which may never be righted. The signing of the treaties at Lausanne has, however, made pos­ sible more definite plans for the continuation of the missionary enter­ prise in Turkey. The rights and privileges which citizens, native or foreign, may expect in carrying on educational or medical work are assuming definiteness. The question whether Americans will be allowed to continue in residence or to enter the country has been settled favorably and our missionary force has been slightly increased during the year. At the same time it has become evident that such changes are not immediately to be expected as would permit the Boards to reopen many of the stations which are now unoccupied by mis­ sionaries. Perhaps the event of greatest significance which has fol­ lowed the Lausanne conference is the definite determination of the American Board registered in a specific vote at the Annual Meeting in Springfield in September, 1923, to carry on our work in Turkey and for the Turks.

Western Turkey. Through lack of workers and through the The Near East Missions 53 difficulty of inaugurating anew the enterprises which have been sus­ pended through the war the stations of Trebizond and Sivas have this year been closed. The buildings still remain the property of the American Board but are being cared for by other than Americans. Schools in Constantinople, Smyrna and Brousa have been opened with a very favorable attendance. Apparently the yearning of the people for the kind of education which they can secure in an American institu­ tion is as keen as ever. These schools are opened in harmony with the existing laws so far as they have been definitely made known. Restric­ tions in teaching and management are somewhat annoying and yet no school has been obliged to close.because' it has found impossible the requirements of the educational law. Perhaps no station in the Western Turkey Mission has been so strengthened for aggressive work as Salonica. Here the rush of exiles from Turkey has met a similar rush of refugees from eastern Thrace so that the city teems with a mass of suffering humanity. Endless opportunity for meeting human needs has been pressed upon the few American workers and their facilities for meeting those needs have only slowly been bettered. There is a great call for a boys’ school in this center which shall supplement the work of the girls’ school already established and which has for many years occupied a most unsuitable location in the heart of the city. A grant of $20,000 from the W. B. M. I. for a new site and buildings for the girls’ school cannot yet be used because of the uncertainties of exchange and the difficulty in building. It is soon hoped, however, that new buildings may be erected in a location more favorable for the work. The addition of Mr. and Mrs. Getchell to the Salonica force and the appointment of Mr. Hawkes who is studying the language in Athens will make possible a better meeting of the unique demands of Salonica. Of equal importance is the work being undertaken for the refugees in southern Greece. Dr. White, formerly of Marsovan, and Mr. Irwin formerly of Caesarea, have been appointed for this specific task of aiding the refugees to establish their churches and schools in their places of exile. The Board does not contemplate beginning a permanent evangelistic work for Greeks in the neighborhood of Athens. It does recognize, however, its responsibility for the moral and spiritual wellbeing of these thousands of refugees who formerly were our con­ stituency in Asia Minor. In Constantinople the School of Religion has been one of the out­ standing features of our work. Twenty-five representatives of the 54 The Near East Missions

Gregorian Armenian, the Orthodox Greek, the Russian and Bulgarian national churches, as well as the Protestant, have been receiving a modern and all around training for this leadership among the peoples of the Near East.

Central Turkey. There has been great disappointment over the closing of the missionary institutions in Marash and Aintab by the government. The hope that medical activity would be one of the most helpful means of approach to the Turkish people has been sud­ denly shaken by this action. Claiming that there were already too many native doctors in the country, the government at Angora has refused to permit foreigners to take examinations for license to prac­ tise in Turkey. The outlook has been so discouraging that one of our doctors in Constantinople resigned from the Board and accepted a position in China. Another who was prevented from practising in Talas is entering the service of the Near East Relief. It is earnestly hoped, however, that the present hostile attitude of the Angora author­ ities will yield to a more reasonable one. The call of the people for the service which the American doctors have heretofore rendered is unmis­ takable and the pressure which will be brought upon the government, especially in Aintab and Marash, may have a determining influence in the final attitude of the authorities towards foreign medical work. Of all the cities in the Near East none has a larger Protestant community than Aleppo. This is located in territory under a French mandate. Tens of thousands of the Christians of Asia Minor have found in it a refuge. Here they have established their schools and churches and here the missionaries have followed them with their moral and spiritual support. Over six thousand evangelical Christians con­ stitute an unprecedented force for the spiritual uplift of this city which has for generations been noted for its wickedness. The Central Turkey College long established at Aintab may, according to the urgent plea of its local Board of Managers, be reopened in Aleppo and seize the re­ markable opportunity of the gathering of the races in this commercial center. Sixteen of the former outstations of Aintab are still kept alive in the Aleppo region. Tales of the courage and devotion of the pastors and the teachers in the village schools are thrilling. By an agreement with the Presbyterian Board representatives of the American Board are established in Beirut to supervise the work among the refugees in that city and in a half dozen cities and towns in southern Syria. The refugees pass through Beirut as a gateway to the great western world of The Near East Missions 55 opportunity. There is no prospeçt of any permanent American Board work in this region. Consequently a proposal has been made to the Presbyterian Board by which the contributions of the American Board for the support of the spiritual work among the Armenians in Syria would be reduced year by year until after five years the whole respon­ sibility for the maintenance of these churches and schools such as then may remain would be transferred to the Board of Foreign Mis­ sions of the Presbyterian Church. Many things yet remain uncertain. Surprises and disappointment will doubtless follow one another for many years, but at the present time such definiteness in political agreements has been reached as to make possible more or less definiteness in missionary planning. No longer does the American Board need to wait for the favorable issue of any international congress before making its plans. The period of drifting has ended. We have turned the corner and we face forward in Turkey with new courage.

And to the angel of the church in Smyrna write: These things saith the first and the last, who was dead and lived again: I know thy tribulation, and thy poverty (but thou art rich) . . Fear not . . Be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee the crown of life . . He that overcometh shall not be hurt of the second death.

(Institutions of Near East on following page.) Near East Institutions

Educational and Social

Adana: Girls’ Seminaryf (C. T. M.). Founded 1884 by the W. B. M. I. Departments: Secondary school; Primary School; Kindergarten. Buildings: School building with dormitory on upper floor built 1914; one built 1885 used for boarding department and home of American teachers. Board and tuition $80. Miss Grace Towner, Principal. Enrolment 112 of whom 20 were Moslems, 14 Jews, 78 Christians; boarders 25. The girls of these various religions studied and lived together in harmony and a spirit of love. A new school law required a vast amount of time spent in the preparation of documents for the government, but the Superintendent was friendly and really interested in the advancement of education in the country. Aintab: Central Turkey College (C. T. M.). Founded 1876 by the Cilicia Evangelical Union and Trustees of Donations for Edu­ cation in Turkey (Mass. 1874); Dr. T. C. Trowbridge, Organizer. Departments: Preparatory; College; University courses. Buildings: College Hall; Dickenson Hall; Andrews Library; Trowbridge House; Shepard House; Professors’ House; bath and bakery— all of cream- colored dressed limestone. Dr. John E. Merrill, President (in America) Rev. Merrill N. Isely in charge. Enrolment 70 in September, 1922. After the Smyrna disaster the Christian population left and the college work was cut down to the giving of private lessons to Turkish students. It is hoped that school work may begin again in 1923-24.

Aintab: Girls’ Seminary.* Founded 1860 by Miss Myra A. Proctor. Buildings: Seminary Building, in good condition; Seminary Annex, in fair condition; two residences and Marden Hill Orphanage buildings, badly damaged. Miss Harriet C. Norton, Principal. En­ rolment 53 in September, 1922. All the pupils left the city in Novem­ ber and Miss Norton joined Miss Foreman in Aleppo. There is now in the building a small self-supporting school for the children of the Armenian workers living on the Mission premises.

♦Institutions marked with an * are supported by the Woman’s Board of Missions; those marked t by the Woman’s Board of Missions of the Interior; and those marked t by the- Woman’s Board of Missions of the Pacific. 56 The Near East Missions 57

Aleppo: Girls’ School* (C. T. M.). Opened January, 1922; students mostly former Aintab Seminary students. Grade: Secondary School. Housed in Dr. Doolittle’s rented residence which is ill- fitted for a school. Miss Lucile Foreman, Principal. Enrolment 75. Miss Norton joined the staff in January.

Brousa: Girls’ School £ (W. T. M.). Founded 1869 by Miss Ursula C. Clark (later Mrs. G. C. Marsh). Departments: Primary; Kindergarten. Buildings: One school-building and one residence at Kaya Bashi or west end of the city; one rented school-building at Sed Bashi or east end of the city. Miss Jeannie L. Jillson, Principal, Miss Mary Ward and Miss Margaret Hinman completing American staff. Enrolment 125, of whom 18 are boarders at Kaya Bashi, 116 Turkish, 4 Jewish, 4 Armenians, 1 French. Native staff 12.

Bulgaria: American School for Boys at Samokov (Bulgarian Mission). Founded 1860 by A. B. C. F. M. missionaries. Grade: Is a Secondary School in the European sense, its course embracing some of the work taken in American colleges. Board and tuition $60. Buildings: 4 buildings containing classrooms and dormitories or study hall; 2 residences; carpenter’s shop. Staff: Rev. LeRoy F. Ostrander, Principal, Paul Rowland, John F. Stearns, Mrs. Ostrander and 14 Bulgarian teachers. Enrolment 136 of whom 118 were boarders. Student organizations: Student Council, helpful in maintaining and raising the moral standard and general tone of the school; Y. M. C. A .; Temperance Society; Literary Society, which celebrated its 25th anni­ versary with a competitive exhibition; Choir; Orchestra; Sport Club; Sunday Afternoon Club. The students have for two years published a paper which is the joint organ of the two schools.

Bulgaria: American School for Girls at Samokov. f Founded 1863 by Dr. Theodore Byington. Grade: The course of study covers what corresponds to a high school course and one year of college in America. Board and tuition $60. Buildings: Three besides one rented house, all in dilapidated condition. Staff: Miss Inez L. Abbott, Principal, Misses Edith L. Douglass, Helen M. Crockett, Mabel E. Long, all of the W. B. M. I.

Bulgaria: Kindergarten at Sofia.* Opened in 1900. Depart­ ments: Kindergarten; Training School, enrolment 6; English Primary •58 The Near East Missions

■School, newly opened with 12 of the Kindergarten graduates as its entering class. Miss Elizabeth Clarke, Principal. The ladies of the Station give lectures in the Training School. A new venture this year is the publishing of a magazine, “ The Kindergarten.”

Constantinople: American School for Girls* (W. T. A.). Founded 1885 in Adabazar under the name of “Armenian Girls’ High School” ; closed during the war; reopened in Scutari, September, 1921. Departments: Primary School; Secondary School; Kindergarten. Board and tuition $200. Buildings: Two stone buildings connected by a corridor, used for administrative and dormitory purposes; dwell­ ing-house used as dormitory for teachers and 30 girls; part of the Mis­ sion Chapel is used for the kindergarten and the primary grades. Staff: Miss Mary E. Kinney, Principal, Miss Mary W- Riggs, Miss Isabelle Harley. Miss Esther Bridgman taught the past year. Enrol­ ment 205, of whom 80 were boarders. The school year was broken into as the political situation in the fall of 1922 seemed to make it advisable to move the school to a safer location. By the middle of January it was decided to risk staying and household goods and chattels were unpacked “ with discretion.”

Constantinople: Bithynia High School. Founded 1882 by Rev. John Pierce. Moved from Bardezag to Geoz Tepe 1921. De­ partments: Primary School; Secondary School. Board and tuition $233. Buildings: Main Building with annexes; Junior Hall; a mess hut was purchased last summer from the British Sea-Plane Base, moved to Goez Tepe and reconstructed and the first floor is used as a game room for the boys. Staff: Rev. James P. McNaughton, Principal, Rev. R. Finney Markham, Rev. John H. Kingsbury. Miss Myrtle O. Shane from the Caucasus helped part of the year. Enrolment 102; after the Smyrna disaster the flow of applicants for the year ceased and forty of those‘already registered, some of them the choicest students, left for Europe with their parents. The Boy Scouts have done good work.

Constantinople: Gedik Pasha School. * Founded 1880 by Miss E. J. Gleason. Departments: Primary School; Secondary School; Kindergarten. Cost for each student $40 a year. Housed in one stone and plaster building. Staff: Miss Ethel W. Putney, Principal, Misses Annie M. Barker, Ellen W. Catlin, Elizabeth L. Lewis. Miss Mary Ward assisted during the past year. Enrolment 222 in the spring The Near East Missions 59 term even though 54 left in the autumn after the Smyrna disaster. There were 97 boys, 120 girls; 106 Armenians, 60 Turks, 41 Greeks, 6 Persians, 2 Bulgarians, 1 Albanian, 1 Arab. The largest class in the history of the school— 17, graduated last spring. Student organiza­ tions: Student Government Council, organized during the year; Red Triangle Club; Girl Reserves. A school for refugees, recorded as a branch of this school, was opened this year in tfie Gedik Pasha Evan­ gelical Church with an enrolment of 72 and the pupils of the Gedik Pasha School feel the responsibility of serving them in various ways — organizing clubs among them, making them Christmas gifts and so on.

Constantinople: Language School. Founded 1920 by the American Board. Courses: Languages of the Near East; Lectures on subjects vitally connected with life in the Turkish Empire. Rev. Fred F.Goodsell, Principal. Enrolment: 4 regular, 10 special students.

Constantinople: School of Religion. Founded 1922 by the American Board and Robert College. Of university grade. Depart­ ments: Theology; Religious Education; Social Service. Cost per student $175. Buildings: Baker Hall for administrative and class­ room purposes with women’s dormitory on third floor; Boarding Department and Men’s Dormitory two blocks away. American Board Staff: Rev. Fred F. Goodsell, Principal, Rev. Ernest Pye, Dr. F. W- MacCallum, Rev. Charles T. Riggs, Miss Ethel W. Putney. Twenty- six lecturers representing twenty different institutions or interests from nine different countries have addressed the students. Enrolment 27, of whom 9 were Armenians, 4 Bulgarians, 2 Greeks and 12 Russians. In December the political situation led 8 Greeks and Armenians to decide to join the refugees in Athens. Prof. Levonianwas sent with this group and they have continued their work in Greece under his leadership by systematic correspondence with other teachers and weekly written reports.

Erivan: Schools (E. T. M.). Founded 1921 by Dr. C. D. Ussher. Grade: 4 grades and kindergarten. Buildings: One large room of church and one small. Miss Myrtle O. Shane, Principal. Enrolment 280. Closed by order of the authorities February, 1923.

Greece: School at Athens* (W. T. M.). After the Smyrna disaster and the flight of thousands of refugees to Greece, Smyrna 60 The Near East Missions missionaries and others settled in Athens to work among the ninety refugee camps in its vicinity. Schools were opened in two of these, Dourgonti and Kokinia. It was decided to carry on the work of the American Collegiate Institute here amongst its former pupils and the permanent Greek population. The Greek government offered gener­ ous aid to this project and after months of searching a suitable building was found in the autumn. The American personnel includes Misses Emily McCallum, Minnie B. Mills, Nina E. Rice, Annie E. Pinneo, Myrtle O. Shane, Mary A. Whittle.

Greece: Girls’ School at Salonicaf (W. T. M ). Founded 1914 by the W. B. M. I. Departments: Primary; Preparatory Eng­ lish; English; High School. Buildings: One two-story building; an apartment of five small rooms; three barnlike rooms built originally for cocooneries; a one-s tory house with three tiny rooms; two shacks unfit for habitation; two cellars and a wash-house. These buildings have housed both the entire American personnel of the station and the school. Enrolment 215, of whom 29 were boarders. Staff: Miss Lena L. Lietzau, Principal, Miss Grace M. Elliott, Miss Bertha B. Morley (who was recently granted permission to return to Marsovan), and 9 native teachers. In spite of difficulties a high grade of work has been done. Miss Morley organized a chorus and a Junior Christian Endeavor. Seventeen have confessed Christ; they sent two of their number to the Paradise Student Conference at Athens, earning the money themselves. The purchase of land for building a school was authorized by cable last Christmas.

Greece: Thessalonica Agricultural and Industrial Institute, Salónica. Founded 1902 as an independent institution by Dr. House and Dr. Haskell; incorporated under the laws of the State of New York in 1904; recognized by Turkish Irade 1907 and by a royal decree of the Greek Government in 1918. The American Board has supplied a teacher most of the time. Grade: Secondary School. Departments: Academic; Agricultural; Industrial. Buildings: James Hall; dining-hall; farmer’s house; blacksmith shop, barn, granary storehouse; electric plant and water stations; Ellen M. Stone Infirm­ ary 1922; Kinnaird House, 1922; Memorial Dormitory, 1923. Staff: Rev. John Henry House, Principal, Mr. Charles L. House, Miss Ruth E. House, Mr. Malcolm R. Irwin. Enrolment 68. The Near East Missions 61

Marash: Central Turkey Girls’ Colleger (C. T. M.). Founded 1882 by W. B. M. I. Buildings: One residence and dormitory; school building; music building. Staff: Miss Edith Cold, Principal, suc­ ceeding Miss Blakely; Miss Ellen M. Blakely, Miss Kate E. Ainslie, Miss Pauline Rehder. Enrolment 42 in the autumn; then Armenian families were obliged to leave and five Armenian and five Turkish girls were left in the school. It has since been closed by the government.

Publications: For the first time in several years generous gifts from other sources than the Board have been made — for free distribu­ tion of literature to refugees, 15,784 volumes being given away, for the publication of a Subject Index to the Bible in Turkish ($525 by the A. C. L. S. M. of New York), and Pilgrim’s Progress in the same language ($1,100 by the A. C .L. S.M .). Including these, 3,627,000 pages of new publications have been issued during the year. Hai Badani, Demet and Yildiz were discontinued, Star oj the East and Zorn- itsa are continuing and The Kindergarten has been started in Sofia.

Smyrna: International College (W. T. M.). Beginning with a boys’ school opened 1879 by Miss Maria West, organized in 1891 by Dr. MacLachlan, it was incorporated under the laws of Massachusetts in 1903. Departments: College; College Preparatory; Agricultural. Board and tuition $260. Buildings: The old college in town comprises 3 large buildings and a residence; on the main campus are MacLachlan Hall, Gymnasium, Auditorium, President’s House, 7 residences, annex, laundry, garage, 2 gate lodges, all of stone, 1912-13; Community House, farm buildings, 1921; Administration Building ot Agricul­ tural Department and Laboratory, 1922. American Staff: Dr. Alexander MacLachlan, President, Rev. Cass Arthur Reed, Dean, Rev. J. Kingsley Birge and Messrs. Caleb W. Lawrence, Samuel L. Caldwell, Kenneth P. Kirkwood, Archie H. MacFarlane, Charles Van Zanten, the three last having gone out in 1923. Enrolment 260 in 1922. In September the Smyrna disaster broke up the school and scattered the students. In January 1923 it reopened with about 50 in attendance, mostly Jews, Italians and Moslems; in December following there were 115.

Smyrna: School for Turkish Girls.* The American Collegiate Institute was destroyed by fire in the Smyrna disaster in 1922 and the students are most of them in Athens, but Miss Olive Greene, returning 62 The Near East Missions from Athens to Smyrna in the autumn of 1923 has opened a school which has an enrolment of 45 Turkish girls.

Social Service: The Bible women of Sofia under Miss Agnes Baird’s direction are doing much work that comes under the head of social service; one specializes in gypsies and girls working in the tobacco factories of Philippopolis and, in making a study of the chil­ dren attending moving pictures, she has found and placed boys of undesirable environment in good positions; another specializes in girls working in the carpet factories; another in hospitals and in the fallen girls she has found there; another in servant girls; another in temperance; one trains young women for their future home responsi­ bilities; another is making a thorough study of the social and moral condition of her town. The Community House has not yet been built. Plans for a social center and playground were voted on favorably in Adana in 1922. A suitable place could not be found so Miss Lillian Brauer began work in an inconspicuous way in the American School Compound; a kindergarten of 24 children meets there mornings; the afternoons are devoted to the mothers, to Turkish women friends, sing­ ing lessons, etc. An Old Ladies Home in Marash was under the care of Miss Adele Herold, an associate member of the mission.

Tarsus: St. Paul’s College (C. T. M.). Founded by Colonel Elliot F. Shepard of New York in 1887 when a charter was granted by the State Legislature to "St. Paul’s Institute at Tarsus.” The first college class was graduated in 1893. The College was transferred to the American Board in 1903. Departments: College; Academy; Primary School; Kindergarten; Trade School. Buildings: 4 school buildings; 3 small buildings — barns and outbuildings; bathhouse; residence. Board and tuition $75. American Staff: Rev. Paul E. Nilson, Principal, Mrs. Nilson, Mrs. Emily Block, Roger P. Matteson, Leslie Lewis. James E. Goldsbury who carried the Dean’s duties and Paul F. Bobb who taught and con­ ducted the industrial work, having completed their term of service, returned to America at the close of the school year. Enrolment 184— Academy 74, Grades 45, Kindergarten 35, Arab School 30, Moslems 93, Christians 61. A Summer School for 70 boys was held during the vacation. The Near East Missions 63

MEDICAL

Adana: International Hospital (C. T. M.). Dr. Cyril H. Haas in charge, Miss Hazel K. Hotson, Nurse. No statistics available.

Aintab: Azariah Smith Memorial Hospital (C. T. M.). Organized in 1884 as Medical Department of Central Turkey College by Dr. F. D. Shepard who remained in charge till his death in 1915. Capacity 100 beds. Cost of maintaining a bed $300. Buildings: Azariah Smith Memorial Hospital; Marston Dispensary; Shepard Memorial; Parker House; Dry-house, Khan, etc., all of cream- colored dressed limestone. Staff: Dr. Lorrin F. Shepard, Physician in charge, Dr. Caroline F. Hamilton, Miss Louise Clark, Superintendent of Nurses, Armenian eye- specialist, pharmacist and assistant, dresser and 12 nurses. In-patients 345; dispensary treatments 15,286; major operations 234; minor 250. Since November, 1922, 96% of the patients at clinics have been Moslems. Work was interfered with by the Armenian exodus in the autumn but in January there were very large clinics which increased each month. Closed suddenly by the government in the Fall of 1923. For the past 17 months the older half of the hospital has been occupied by the Turkish Military.

Marash: American Hospital (C. T. M.). Founded 1910 by Deutsche Hulfsbund. Capacity 50 beds. Buildings: Main Hospital; Contagious Diseases Building; Clinic and Pharmacy Building. Staff: Dr. William A. Kristensen, Miss Theda B. Phelps, Nurse, 12 assistants. Statistics for the last half year of 1922: In-patients 207; dispensary patients 2,683, total treatments 24,003; eye-clinics 21,795; operations 2,226. The hospital was closed in 1923.

Talas: American Hospital (W. T. M.). Dr. Charles E. Clark with Mrs. Lilian Cole Sewny, Nurse, in charge of the work. No statistics available. American Board Missions in India and Ceylon

Stations: — Location and Special Work of Missionaries

MARATHI MISSION

B om bay (1813). — James F- Edwards: English Editor of the Dnyanodaya; evangelistic work. Miss Emily R. Bissell: Translating and literary work. Miss Anna L. Millard: In charge of the School for the Blind. Miss Ruth V. Simpson: Girls’ High School and city schools. Mrs. Katherine V. Gates: Work for women and girls.

Ahm ednagar (1831). — Robert A. Hume, D. D .: Acting Prin­ cipal of Divinity College; General evangelistic and literary work. Mrs. Kate F. Hume: General evangelistic work; Bible women and work for women. Ruth P. Hume, M. D .: Physician in the American Hospital. Rev. Alden H. Clark: Mission Secretary: in charge of Boys’ High School and industrial work. Rev. Wilbur S. Deming: Principal of the Union Normal Training School; Mrs. Elsie S. Deming. Miss Gertrude Harris: Principal of Bible Training School. Miss Carolyn D. Smiley: Teacher in the Girls’ High School; supervision of city schools. Miss G. Marion Holland: Nurse; language study.

Sirur (1841). — Rev. Edward W. Felt: Evangelistic and educational work. Mrs. Rachel C. Felt: Work for women.

Satara (1849). — Miss Belle Nugent: Educational work in boys’ and girls’ schools. Miss L. Lillian Picken: Women’s and evangelistic work.

Vadala (1857). — Rev. Edward Fairbank: Evangelistic and educa­ tional work in station and district. Mrs. Mary C. Fairbank: Evangelis­ tic work for women. Rev. William H. McCance; Mrs. Mary B. McCance: Evangelistic and educational work.

Rahuri (1860). — Rev. Joseph L. Moulton: Evangelistic work in station and district. Mrs. Florence H. Moulton: Women’s and school work. 64 Missions in India and Ceylon 65

Sholapur (1862). — Rev. Richard S. Rose: Boys’ Station School; in charge of Barsi and Mogalai District work. Mrs. Isabella S. Rose: City schools. Miss Esther B. Fowler: Principal of the Woronoco Girls’ School. Miss M. Louise Wheeler: Principal of the Mary B. Harding Kindergarten Training School. Miss Ella C. Hoxie: Educa­ tional work in Criminal Tribes Settlement.

Panchgani (1879). — Mrs. Hepsibeth P. Bruce: Retired missionary.

Wai (1892). — Lester H. Beals, M. D .; Mrs. Rose F. Beals: Physi­ cians in hospital; general medical work. Walter F. Hume, M. D .; Mrs. Florence M. Hume: Physician in hospital; medical work. Miss Jean P.Gordon: In charge of station and village schools; Bible women; Widows’ Home and Orphanage. Miss Ruth A. Andrews: Nurse; training of nurses.

Barsi (1913). —

On Furlough. — Rev. William Hazen; Mrs. Florence H. Hazen; Rev. William 0. Ballantine, M. D .; Mrs. Josephine L. Ballantine; Henry Fairbank D D.; Mrs. Mary E. Fairbank; Mr. Charles H.Burr; Mrs. Annie H. Burr; Rev. Arthur A. McBride: Mrs. Elizabeth V. McBride; Mrs. Mary W. Clark; Miss Clara H. Bruce; Miss Eliza­ beth Johnson; Miss E. Loleta Wood; Mrs. Frances H. Gates.

Associated with the Mission. — (Ahmednagar) Harriet J. Clark, M. D .: Physician in the hospital. Mr. James S. Parker; Mr. Wendell C. Wheeler: Instructors in Boys’ High School. Mrs. Edith H. Smith; Miss Margaret S. Welles; Miss Grace F. Woods; Miss Ruby M. Phillips: Teachers in Girls’ School. Mr. S. Smith: Industrial worker. (Sholapur) Mr. and Mrs. H. H. Strutton: Crim­ inal Tribes settlement. Miss Fulcher: Work for Zenana Bible and Medical Mission. Miss Clara G. Ldbaree: Teacher in Girls’ School.

Five missionaries have returned to the field and ten have come for furlough. Rev. and Mrs. Edward Fairbank are planning to take their furlough in 1924. Miss Eleanor Foster and Mrs. Lindstrom are remaining permanently in America. Mrs. Katherine V. Gates, formerly of Sholapur, has located temporarily in Rahuri, but will later go to Bombay. Mr. Wheeler of Bombay has transferred to Ahmednagar for 66 Missions in India and Ceylon the present for health reasons. Miss Maude Taylor and Miss Sarah Twitchell have returned to America for health reasons and are no longer in service. Miss Frances B. Woods came home in 1923 and is now Mrs. Charles I. Brown. Rev. Alden H. Clark, who had been serving as Candidate Secretary for the Board, returned to India in May, 1923, and has resumed work in Ahmednagar, while Mrs. Clark is remaining in America for the present. Mr. Robert W. Fairbank com­ pleted his term of service in Vadala and has come to the United States for further study. The new missionaries are Miss Ruth A. Andrews, the nurse for Wai; and Miss G. Marion Holland, the nurse for Ahmednagar, both on life service; Miss Ruby E. Phillips and Miss Grace F. Woods, who are to teach in the Girls’ School in Ahmednagar, Miss Clara G. Labaree, who is to teach in Sholapur, all of whom are on term appointment.

STATISTICS (1922). — There are 9 stations; 145 outstations in a field having a population of 1,540,000. The missionaries: 13 ordained men; 3 unordained; 15 wives; 19 single women; total 50; associate workers 10. The Indian force includes 42 ordained preachers; 32 unordained preachers; 259 men teachers; 147 women teachers; 50 Bible women; 78 other workers; total workers 608. The Christian work is carried on in 193 places of regular meeting and 68 organized churches of which 8 are self supporting; with 182 Sunday Schools with a membership of 8,203; and in 34 Christian Endeavor Societies with a membership of 1,114. During the year, 352 were added to the roll by confession and 163 by letter making a total of 515. The total member­ ship at the end of the year was 9,165. The Christians live in 547 vil­ lages. The total Christian community number 16,387. The educa­ tional work shows 5 theological and training schools with 106 students; 8 secondary schools with 568 boys and 193 girls making a total of 761. 164 primary schools with 4,240 boys and 2,090 girls, a total of 6,330; 13 kindergartens with 519 boys and 612 girls; total pupils 1,131. 6 industrial schools with 171 pupils. The total schools are 293 with 5,424 boys and 2,955 girls. There are 281 others receiving education, making a grand total of 8,660. The medical work is carried on in two hospitals and 4 dispensaries where the new patients were 13,144 and the total treatments 24,121. The patients divided according to religion are as follows: Hindus 17,858; Mohammedans 1,332; Christians 4,661; Jews 341; others 29. The contributions from the Christian community to Christian work Missions in India and Ceylon 67 amounted to $2,558; to education $5,197, making a total of $7,755. The government grants to the different schools totaled $14,688.

MADURA MISSION Central Local Council (1834)

Madura, Pasumalai and Tirumangalam (West)

Madura. — Rev. William W. Wallace: Principal of the American College. Mrs. Genevieve T. Wallace. Mr. Edgar M. Flint: Teacher of chemistry and physics in the American College. Mrs. Susanna Q. Flint. Rev. James M. Hess: Teacher of English Literature, American College. Mrs. Mildred W. Hess. Rev. Albert J. Saunders: Teacher of history and economics in the American College. Mrs. Jessie M. Saun­ ders. Rev. Edward L. Nolting: Warden American College. Mrs. Ida W. Nolting: Assists in work for students. Mr. James H.Lawson: Chair­ man of the Building Committee; Mission treasurer. Mrs. FrancesE. Lawson. Miss Eva M. Swift: Principal of the Lucy Perry Noble Bible Training School. Miss Mary T. Noyes: Principal of the Girls’ High School and Normal Training School, Capron Hall. Harriet E. Parker, M. D.: Physician in charge of the Hospital for Women and Children. Miss Mary M. Rogers: Nurse; training of nurses. Miss MaryM. Root: In charge of the Bible women’s work of Madura City and villages. Miss Katie Wilcox: Principal of the Training School, Capron Hall. Miss Martha M. Van Allen: Principal of the High School, Capron Hall. Edward W. Wilder, M. D .: Physician in Albert Victor Hospital; Mrs. Harriet W. Wilder.

Pasumalai. — John J. Banninga, D. D.: Principal of the Union Theological Seminary; Mission secretary. Mrs. Mary D. Banninga. Rev. John X . Miller: Principal of the High School. Rev. James H. Dickson: Manager of Trade School and Lenox Press. Mrs. Frances H. Dickson: In charge of Kindergarten Department of Training School. Mr. Lloyd L. Lorbeer: Principal of the Normal Training School Mrs. Elva H. Lorbeer.

Tirumangalam. ■— Rev. Raymond A. Dudley: Evangelistic work in the Local Council. Mrs. Katherine C. Dudley: Boarding School work. 68 Missions in India and Ceylon

EAST LOCAL COUNCIL (1835)

(Manamadura and Melur)

Manamadura. — Rev. C. Stanley Vaughan: Chairman Madura Church Council; in charge of Leper Asylum. Rev. Clarence E. Wol- sted: Evangelistic work. Mrs. Mabel E. Wolsted: Station Boarding School.

NORTH LOCAL COUNCIL (1836)

(Dindigul and Paini)

Dindigul. — Rev. Willis P. Elwood: Chairman of the North Church Council. Mrs. Agnes A. Elwood: Supervision of schools and Bible women.

Paini. — Rev. Edward P. Holton: Evangelistic work in Local Council. Mrs. Gertrude M. Holton.

SOUTH LOCAL COUNCIL (1938)

(Aruppukottai, Tirumangalam East and Kamuthi)

Arappukottai. — Rev. Azel A. Martin: Chairman of the Local Council; in charge of Bates Evangelistic work. Mrs. Emma W. Martin: Boarding School work. Miss Catherine S. Quickenden: In charge of Woman’s Department. Miss Bertha K . Smith: Associate in work for Bible women and Hindu Girls’ Schools.

WEST LOCAL COUNCIL (1839)

(Kodaikanal, Periakulam, and Battalagundu)

Kodaikanal. — Mrs. Fanny S. Tracy: Oversight of Bible women. Rev. Bryan S. Staffer; Mrs. Freida P. Staffer: Language study.

INTER-MISSION WORK

Bangalore. — Rev. David S. Herrick: Professor in United Theo­ logical College. Mrs. Dency T. Herrick. Missions in India and Ceylon 69

Madras. — Miss Edith M. Coon: Vice-Principal of Woman’s Christian College.

Vellore. — KathaHneB. Scott, M. D.: Teacher in Union Women’s Medical College.

On Furlough. — Rev. Franklin E. Jeffery; Mrs. Capitola M. Jeffery; Rev. Emmons E. White; Mrs. Ruth P. White; Mr. L. Curtis Guise; Mrs. Nellie B. Guise; Rev. John E. Chandler; Mrs. Henrietta S. Chandler; Miss Gertrude E. Chandler; Mrs. Harriet S. Zumbro

A1 the missionaries on regular furlough have returned to India except Mr. and Mrs. Jeffery who are still detained by health conditions. Mr. and Mrs. Chandler, Miss Chandler, Mr. and Mrs. Guise and Mrs. Zumbro have come for their regular furlough, and Mr. and Mrs. White are taking theirs a little early for health reasons. Mr. and Mrs. Martin on their arrival in the field have taken over the work in Aruppukottai. Mr. Vaughan is now chairman and spiritual advisor of the churches in the Madura Council, but for the first six jnonths of 1924 will represent the mission in Malabar where Calicut is his station. Mr. and Mrs. Wolsted have completed their year of study and are now in the work at Manamadura. The new missionaries for the year are Rev. and Mrs. Bryan S. Staffer who are studying in Kodaikanal, but later will be located in Pasumalai in connection with the educational work. The mission mourns for three of its missionaries: Mrs. C. Stanley Vaughan, who died on December 22, 1922 in Manamadura; Rev. James E. Tracy, D.D., who died on August 4, 1923, in Kodai­ kanal; and Rev. Frank Van Allen, M .D ., who died August 23, 1923, in Melur, India.

STATISTICS (1922). — 10 stations; 393 outstations; popu­ lation of field 2,575,000. There are 19 ordained missionaries and 5 men unordained; 23 wives; 14 single women; total missionaries 61. The native force includes 29 ordained preachers; 125 unordained preachers; 336 men teachers; 247 women teachers; 89 Bible women; 84 other workers; total workers 910. Christian services are main­ tained in 393 places of regular meeting. Villages in which there are Christians number 605; organized churches 32; communicants 9,142, of which 4,447 are men and 4,695 women. Total number added to churches during the year, 867 of which 480 were by confession, 340 by 70 Missions in India and Ceylon letter and 47 by restoration to the roll. The net gain in membership was 128. The total Christian Community numbers 26,724, a gain of 585. There are 281 Sunday Schools with a membership of 10,459 and 444 teachers; 362 Christian Endeavor Societies with a membership of 10,105. The average Sunday attendance at service is 14,794. In connection with the evangelistic work of the churches there were 57 itineracies in which 1,382 villages were visited and the message was given to 129,954 hearers. The Bible women had on their records 4,001 names; 3,326 were under instruction and they had 105,333 hearers. The educational work in the mission is carried on in 5 theological and training schools with 413 students; 1 college with 428 students; 2 secondary schools with 956 pupils; 284 primary schools with 13,126 pupils, which include 5 boarding schools with 669 pupils, 20 Hindu Girls’ Schools with 1,477 pupils and 259 village schools with 10,980 pupils; total under instruction 14,923. The medical work is maintained in two hospitals in which there were 2,013 patients and 2 dispensaries with 33,916 patients. The total treatments were 59,633. The book distribution shows 467 Bibles sold or given away; 827 Testaments; 7,267 Bible portions and 60,416 tracts and hand bills. The contri­ butions of the Christian community for Christian work were $9,356, and for education $22,761, making a total of $32,117.

CEYLON MISSION

Vaddukoddai (1817). — Mr. Carl W. Phelps: Teacher of science n Jaffna College. Mrs. Mary M. Phelps. M anepay (1831). — William J. Jameson, M. D .: In charge of Green Hospital. Mrs. Gladys T. Jameson. Mrs. Clara P. Brown: General evangelistic work; mission secretary. Uduvil (1831). — Miss Lulu G. Bookwalter: Principal of the Girls’ Boarding School. Miss Lucy K. Clark: Kindergarten work in the Girls’ Boarding School. Miss Grace M. Vining: Miss Christiana Hodgdon: Language study; educational work. Mr. William W. Hitch­ cock: Mission Treasurer; General work. Mrs. Hattie H. Hitchcock: In charge of Bible women. Inuvil (1831). — Miss Susan R. Howland: Evangelistic work for women. Isabella H. Curr, M. D .: Physician in charge of McLeod Hospital. Missions in India and Ceylon 71

Tellippallai (1831). — Mr. Arthur A. Ward: In charge of printing press, Boys’ Boarding School, industrial work. Mrs. Alice B. Ward.

Uduppiddi (1847) . — Rev. Charles W. Miller: In charge of station and boarding schools; oversight of vernacular education. Mrs. Edith C. Miller.

On Furlough. — Rev. John Bicknell; Mrs. Nellie L. Bicknell.

Associated with the Mission. (Vaddukoddai) Rev. and Mrs. Max H. Harrison: Acting President and Science teacher in Jaffna College. Mr. Edward G. Nichols: English teacher in Jaffna College. (Uduvil) Miss Alice M. Vogt: Teacher in the Girls’ School.

Mr. and Mrs. Bicknell are the only missionaries on furlough. Mr. and Mrs. Miller have taken up residence at Uduppiddi and Mr. and Mrs. Ward at Tellippallai. Dr. Curr, after her furlough in Scotland, has resumed her work with the McLeod Hospital. Mr. Miller before coming to Ceylon completed his study and obtained the degree of Ph.D. He also was ordained to the ministry in Milford, Conn. Mr. and Mrs. Hitchcock were transferred from Tellippallai to Uduvil. Mrs. Brown has moved from Uduppiddi to Manepay. Dr. Rider has completed her term of service in the hospital and has returned to India. The associates, Miss Hacker, Miss Pugh and Miss Houston have severed their connection with the Mission. Dr. and Mrs. Jameson successfully met the medical requirements in England and arrived on the field in July, 1923. Miss Grace M. Vining, appointed in 1922, and Miss Christiana Hodgdon, appointed in 1923, have arrived and are located at Uduvil for language study and to teach in the Girls’ School later.

STATISTICS (1922). — Six stations; 41 outstations; population of the field 190,000. Missionaries: 1 ordained; 5 unordained; 6 wives; 7 single women; total missionaries 19; associate workers 3. The native forces number 11 ordained preachers; 11 unordained preachers; 300 men teachers; 118 women teachers; 36 Bible women; 54 other workers; total workers 569. The native church is represented in 44 places of regular meeting where there are 21 organized churches 16 of which are self-supporting. The communicants are 2,518 of which 91 were added to the roll during the year, a net increase of 88. The total constituency is 14,696. There are 57 Sunday Schools with a member­ 72 Missions in India and Ceylon ship of 3,098 and 8 Christian Endeavor Societies with a membership partially reported as 143. In connection with the educational work there is 1 training school with 11 students; 1 college with 60 students; 12 secondary schools with 1,545 boys and 610 girls; 90 primary schools with 5,421 boys and 3,879 girls; 5 kindergartens with 149 pupils; total schools 109 with 11,434 under instruction. The native contributions to church work amounted to $6,167; for educational work $16,230; for other objects $1,565; total contributions $23,962. The^e are 2 hospitals which took care of 2,902 patients; 3 dispensaries with 4,677 patients; total treatments 19,442. In the publication work pages printed on the Mission Press were 2,402,044.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY FOR INDIA AND CEYLON

Stations 25; outstations 579; population of the field 4,305,000. The missionaries: ordained 33; unordained 13; wives 44; single women 40; total missionaries 130; associate workers 13. The native force: ordained preachers 82; unordained preachers 168; teachers 1,407; Bible women 175; other workers 255; total workers 2,087. The church places of regular meeting 630; organized churches 121; communicants 20,825; added last year 1,473; total constituency 57,807. The Sunday Schools, 520 with a membership of 22,204. Chris­ tian Endeavor Societies 404 with 11,392 members. The educational work: Theological and training schools 11, students 530; colleges 2, students 488; secondary schools 22, pupils 3,861; primary schools 538, pupils 28,675; kindergartens 18, pupils 1,280; total schools 694, total under instruction 35,017. The native contributions: for Christian work $18,081; for education $44,188; for other purposes $1,565; total $63,834. Medical work: Hospitals 6, in-patients 4,905-dispensaries 9, patients 51,737; total treatments 103,196.

INDIA AND CEYLON

In the Indian Empire and the crown colony of Ceylon are located three of the oldest Missions of the American Board: 1. The Marathi Mission is the earliest venture, founded in 1813 in the Bombay Presi­ dency, beginning in the City of Bombay and spreading out to various centers in the Deccan back from the coast. 2. The Ceylon Mission, founded in 1817, in the Jaffna Peninsula, at the northern tip of the island. 3. The Madura Mission, in the Madras Presidency of India, Missions in India and Ceylon 73 founded in 1834, with its center in Madura City and with gradually occupied stations in the district round about.

THE MARATHI MISSION

It is a significant fact that the Indian Missions in reviewing a year of their life are apt to begin with some statement as to the lack of, or abundance of rain. It shows how close the masses are to the minimum of living conditions, that, when the rainfall sinks below the average, famine threatens, and any unusual drought brings thousands or millions to the verge of starvation. All mission work, the orderly procedure of church life and activity, the maintenance of schools, touring and the visitation of communities — all are interrupted and largely frustrated when the terror of famine breaks. For this reason the report of the Marathi Mission for 1922 makes grateful mention of the bountiful rains which came in November. The failure of the latter rains in September and October made every one fear that want and suffering were in store, but the unusual happened: a week of soaking rain such as never fell before in the month of November made the face of the earth and the faces of men to change. Before the rains came schools in many places had suffered because the people had to leave their homes in order to get work in the city. Contributions promised for the support of pastors were paid only in part or not at all. The rains lightened the deep depression, but the people were slow in returning to their homes even then. Politically the year was notably quiet as compared with recent years. Mr. Gandhi’s imprisonment seems to have quieted down the demonstrations, though he continues to hold a firm place in the affec­ tions of the Indian people, and, it should be added, still commands the respect of the missionaries for his character and purpose, even though they may not accept some of his views nor approve all his policies. It is noted, as an encouraging feature in recent Indian political history, that the tide of nationalism has not brought with it religious bigotry or persecution. Christ is revered as never before, many prominent non- Christian publicists openly quoting his words with veneration. This fact may be attributable in good part to Mr. Gandhi’s own attitude toward Christ and his counsel to his followers to study and accept the teaching of Jesus. It is felt that however Western methods of Chris­ tian service and worship may fare in the East, the faith that is built 74 Missions in India and Ceylon around and upon the Lord Jesus Christ seems more than ever certain to be the power that is to save India. The record of work in Church and Mission for the year under review reveals a spirit of energy, versatility and purposefulness that assures results, which results are set forth effectively in the Mission’s report for the year. The words of two of the younger missionaries, Rev. and Mrs. J. L. Moulton, reflect the general note of enthusiasm and hopefulness which characterize all: — “ The work in the Rahuri Dis­ trict was never more promising than it is today. It has now been more than half a century since this station was opened. Today there are more than a score of outstations, each one exerting more or less influence on the area about it. There are at least ten organized churches and there are Christians of the third generation in these churches.” Local Problems

The missionaries are alert in adapting themselves to local situations and needs. Mr. Felt, writing from Sirur, tells of holding a class for karabharis (deacons) the first week in April as one undertaking in the effort to make more capable and industrious every Christian village leader. “ We had two hours every morning, one given over to instruc­ tion in reading to be followed up later by the teacher in each pupil’s village, and the other hour for simple Christian truth taught by the story method. In the evening after the heat had a little abated, I had them in a discussion class on personal responsibility for giving, winning of souls, etc. We talked about the obstacles to Personal Service such as caste, and I felt that we were really getting down to bed rock and breaking through the mists that often veil the real mind of the village Indian from us Americans. After their dinner at night I would go down to their boys’ dormitory, where the men were staying, and we would have a sing, going over the hymns they loved, most all of them written by Indians to Indian tunes. M y final impression of the class was the immense value of the intensive work one was able to do for these men, and the hope and promise of their useful service.” In Bombay special effort was made to reach a large number of Christians from the Deccan who had been drawn to the city because of famine conditions in their districts, and who have now settled down in the metropolis and will probably make it their home for several years. They have heretofore always lived in the open country with their kith and kin ; now, crowded into a strange and unhealthy city they need Missions in India and Ceylon 75

sympathy and help. They are from the poorest classes and can hardly spare anything from the small earnings which bring them only the bare necessaries of life. Ministering to them has, therefore, been purely a labor of love and good will on the part of the Indian workers who have done so during the year. About two hundred services, several of the preachers and teachers assisting, were held for them in different places; sometimes a magic lantern was used to attract and to advertise. This has been unorganized effort, but it has been true missionary work, meeting genuine and serious need, a work to which it is hoped that the plan for a community house in Bombay may bring strong support. The Indian Church The process of devolution from the Mission to the Indian Church has gone on during the year. The General Aikya, or Council of the Churches, has become more firmly established as the representative body of the Christian community, and through the sub-division into several local unions or Aikyas has materially increased its actual carrying of responsibility and exercise of authority. The Western Aikya comprises 16 churches in the Parner, Sirur and Nagar districts, with a scattered community of 1,940. In this area are 27 primary schools besides the station school at Sirur. The supervision of this Aikya is in the hands of an Indian leader, R. S. Modak, who has vigor­ ously set about developing the sense of responsibility and the Christian devotion of these churches. The area is sub-divided into four circles, each having an ordained Indian pastor to shepherd the flock and an Indian superintendent to do general evangelistic and administrative work. Significant and encouraging has been the increase in giving and the ingatherings into the churches. This Aikya is aspiring to do Christian work in its own district through its own men and money; help from foreign funds is still needed but self-support with self-control is the ideal and aim of these Indian Churches. The organization in November, 1922, of an Indian Mission Board whose membership includes four Indians and two missionaries loaned by the Mission marks a step forward in the task of strengthening Indian responsibility for the Christian movement. Re-evaluation Two re-evaluation committees within the Mission, one for men’s work and the other for women’s work, reviewed all the lines of work to 76 Missions in India and Ceylon see what, if any, methods were outgrown, what new needs and oppor­ tunities called for supply, and how it might be possible to better utilize the workers and the funds for the speeding up of the task. These investigations and recommendations have resulted in some changes in policy and in emphasis.

Social and Medical Service

The work in the Criminal Tribes Settlement at Sholapur begins to show the result of the six years of service which have been put into the laying of foundations. “What has come over the Settlers and why has so little crime been recorded in the last year or two?” ask observers. Several factors must be taken into account in answering this question. Relief from famine conditions, increase in wages and in opportunities for work have had something to do with better behaviour but it is recognized that the gradual process of education, Christian teaching and example, have had their effect, particularly on the children brought up in the schools, some of whom now form a considerable proportion of the young married couples in the Settlement. The Sir Ratan Tata Institution for Destitute Children noted in previous reports as the result of the labors of Rev. A. S. Hiwale, whose lamented death occurred in February, 1922, is continued through the loyalty and ability of Mrs. Hiwale and the generous help of wealthy Indian friends. Famine conditions having increased the number of these children, over 300 are being cared for in Barton Hall, loaned by the Mission for the purpose. Those of school age are receiving an education, and all are supervised by a qualified staff. Government officials agree with missionaries in testifying to the splendid work thus carried on by Mrs. Hiwale. The Medical Department calls attention to the new Children’s Ward in the hospital at Wai, built by Dr. Justin Abbott as a memorial to Mrs. Abbott, who loved Indian children and saw great possibilities in work for them. This ward is carrying out her plans. The need of medical help is so great that those in charge of Wai Hospital are constantly having to decide which of those applying for admission should be taken in and which sent home. The three classes which must have the first chance are: First, those whose case is the most urgent; Second, those for whom most can be done; Third, those for whom this most can be done most quickly so that they can leave and make room for others. Missions in India and Ceylon 77

Mission Losses and Gains

The year was one of losses and of gains to the Mission in its mis­ sionary staff. The losses were not only heavy but tragic in their character: First, the death of Rev. L. S. Gates, who in the path of his missionary service was struck down by the hand of an insane Indian fanatic; second, the drowning at sea of Mrs. M. L. Sibley as she was returning to the Mission from her furlough in this country; third., the loss of Rev. A. S. Hiwale, so serviceable and strong a leader of the Indian Christians, whose earthly life was cut short just as he was coming into the full opportunity for service. The four new mission­ aries who have come may not at once take the place of these who have gone, but as they have brought youth, ability, aspiration and devotion, they contribute a treasure which puts fresh courage and joy into the Mission and fresh expectancy into all its lines of work.

MADURA MISSION

As the review of the year 1922 in the Marathi Mission began with a reference to famine, the review of the Madura Mission for the same year begins with a reference to flood. On November 30th an unpre­ cedented rainfall of from nine to twelve inches occurred on the moun­ tains where the river which runs through Madura city has its source. The giving way of tank-bunds and other reservoirs added to the tur­ bulent rush of waters that swept down this swollen river, overflowing all banks and carrying before it whatever was in its path; 633 huts and other buildings collapsed. Hardly any lives were lost, but the damage in Madura city is reported to have amounted to two lakhs of rupees ($65,000). Happily, also, the flood was short lived and its damage was wrought in a comparatively narrow area. The only property connected with the Mission that was seriously affected was Capron Hall, the important girls’ boarding school maintained by the Woman’s Board. From this building teachers and pupils alike were compelled to flee. When they awoke on that Friday morning they found them­ selves on an island. The water was rising fast and by half-past seven had reached the garden in front of the bungalow. The school session was begun and all were endeavoring to disregard the unusual surround­ ings, when about ten o’clock, the Inspector of Police sent word that everyone must leave the building in half an hour as the water would rise four or five feet more in that time. In good order, but with no little 78 Missions in India and Ceylon excitement and apprehension as to what might follow, the exodus was begun and soon safely accomplished, the foreign teachers being able to dress themselves suitably in bathing suits before they set out to wade across the river to higher land and find temporary refuge. On the Monday following they were able to return and begin to put things to rights; the furnishings, which had been carried to the higher stories of the building, had escaped wetting, and the total damage to grounds and foundations was covered by $1,000.

Church Growth

Dr. John S. Chandler, editing the Report from the Field, was natu­ rally moved to draw many comparisons between the Mission of today and the Mission as it was at the beginning of his fifty years of service. Remarking that organized churches are the crown of missionary effort, he notes that the increase in the number of the churches is not great because development has been along the line of establishing and uniting groups of congregations in councils dependent on a single council; small, weak local churches being organized into a system of strong pastorates. In the South Local Council eight strong churches are organized into seven independent pastorates, each with its own English-speaking Indian pastor and a committee responsible for the maintenance and conduct of the church and its evangelistic work. Two new pastors have been ordained during the year. One of these had been a catechist under his predecessor, a man who had served his church twenty-six years and who now extended to him the right hand of fellowship. After he had been recognized as pastor by the Council, he was clothed by his people in a black and white surplice and loaded with garlands so that he looked like a veritable swami as he pronounced the benediction. Ear-piercing music was furnished by horns and drums during the customary ordination services and after these services danc­ ing and grimacing drummers led a procession through the village, starting from the house of a member of the Council where prayer was offered and ending at the house of the new pastor with the offering of another prayer. The report distinguishes between churches as the crown of mission­ ary work and congregations as the basal structure, on the foundations of which have been built much of wood, hay and straw, but also gold, silver and precious stones. An impression of growth is derived from a comparison of the congregation in Madura City in 1849, which was then Missions in India and Ceylon 79 described by a missionary lady as consisting of “ forty children from the boys’ school and the girls’ day school, twelve beggars, servants, helpers and wives, besides myself, all together making seventy-two.” There are in the congregations of the four Madura pastorates today over 1500 in the city and nearly 600 north of the river. In the South Local Council “ the Christian community now numbers about 8,000 souls scattered among more than 130 different villages in the midst of a total population of over 350,00. . . . In our strongest Pastorate today out of fifty-six villages in all we have Christians in thirty, or more than half.” Particular mention is made of one small village, approached only by a car track through plowed fields, where there are sixty families of Panchamas or outcastes. Of these families, 29 have united in forming a new Christian congregation, have built themselves a prayer house of mud and thatch, and on Sunday the 27th of August made their public profession of Christianity by baptism. From all sides came representa­ tives of the Christian churches and community to witness the event. Through the narrow lanes of the village the company moved in pro­ cession led by tomtoms making a joyful noise unto the Lord. First the new prayer house was dedicated by song and prayer, then opened and crowded to its utmost capacity — so crowded that the congrega­ tion could not stand up to sing lest all should not get down again. After the devotional service, two missionaries standing by the font baptized the new Christians as they came up by families and knelt, parents on one side and children on the other. One family of three little children received the names of Sarah, Abraham and Isaac. Thus thirty men, twenty-nine women, thirty-eight boys and twenty-four girls were baptized into the Triune Name. One of the new congregations in the suburb of Madura is that organized at a place called Zumbropuram, in memory of President Zumbro, through whose effort the settlement was secured. It is a community of palmyra climbers, begun by the coming of two or three Christian families from Tinnevelly some thirty years ago in search of work. Others have joined them, they have prospered, built up a strong community life, have increased their holdings of land, built their homes, mostly of brick, and have proved an industrious, thrifty and serviceable Christian community, giving promise of wielding a powerful influence for good in that section of Madura. While the mud and thatch prayer house is the customary first sanctuary of these village congregations and serves well for a while, 80 Missions in India and Ceylon yet as advance is made in numbers and in strength there is a natural ■desire for a more substantial and adequate sanctuary. A movement is now on for the securing of better chapels and prayer houses for these small congregations. They cannot provide the funds themselves, help must be given, sometimes as much as half the amount. The mission­ aries feel, however, that the movement is a necessary and rewarding step towards building up the Christian communities and are setting themselves systematically to forward it. In one of the villages near Dindigul a church was dedicated this year costing about Rs. 2,500 (be­ tween $800 and $900) toward the cost of which the Christians of the village gave three-fourths. This is the fourth capacious and durable church that Christians in the vicinity of Dindigul have built within the last few years largely at their own expense. Outcastes and Robbers A systematic effort has been made since 1916 to concentrate evangelistic workers and funds in especially promising centers and to develop self support in villages where the work has been going on for some years, gradually withdrawing financial aid at the rate of 25% each year. This special effort is being made in the Panchama or outcaste communities, where the people are the lowest in the scale of social life. Usually they need only a little vigorous work to win them to Chris­ tianity by families and by whole communities. They are so ignorant and so poor that a great deal has to be done for them and a larger pro­ portion of financial aid given than in some other cases, but it is felt that not only in numbers but in the power of transformed life and character they show good results. The other field, the “ Kallar Nad,” is the home of house-breaking and cattle-lifting Kallars. In 1922 the five evangelists working in the district succeeded in winning sixty- four persons as converts and 123 as inquirers from that community. Systematic and aggressive evangelism is being carried on all over the field. Three young evangelists conducted a preaching tour at their own expense and on their own initiative, in Palni, which is a place of pilgrimage and special sanctity; it was notable that the young men were given a most respectful hearing as they preached in the bazaars, and they brought courage to all the local Christians. The Station Boarding School In its educational work the Madura Mission has maintained some large and outstanding higher institutions, but the Mission is agreed Missions in India and Ceylon 81 that no line of educational work is more productive or more essential to the strengthening of the churches, the building up of Christian com­ munities and the grafting of Christian ideals and character into Indian life than the station boarding schools, where the more promising boys and girls from the village schools are gathered for continued and close teaching and influence by the missionaries. The Mission presses the need of better plant and equipment for these station schools, whose re­ sults are of such value, and whose present service is quite inadequate to the opportunity. Of the Dindigul school with its increased enrol­ ment it is reported “ What growth there has been has not been at all commensurate with the growth of the Christian community and the need for such Christian training of the children. We have not met nor are we meeting the need for trained Christian workers.” And Mrs. Mathews says of the pupils in the boarding school at Battalagundu, “ Most of them come from very humble homes, but in spite of handicaps they have shown a growing sense of responsibilities, are obedient, industrious and reliable to a degree that attracts the attention of all.”

Union and Co-operation

The desire for church and mission union in the establishment of Christianity in India goes steadily on. In the year 1922 the project of union between the South India United Church and the Anglican Church was given further and yet more earnest consideration. There are still two minds about the matter. While many are very enthusias­ tic for the project, others regard the adoption of episcopacy as too high a price to pay for the union. Attention is being given now to the possi­ bility of safeguarding the requirements as to episcopacy, so that it will not become an autocratic hierarchy. Many of the Indian Chris­ tians having seen episcopacy at close range do not regard it as danger­ ous, and indeed are rather inclined to the more organized oversight in some form in the conduct and development of the Church. Among the co-operative lines of work cannot be overlooked that for the Kallar or Robber Tribe, where there is co-operation with the government in the effort to turn these able but unreliable people into an honorable community. The Mission’s share in this undertaking has grown rapidly and effectively. At present there are sixty-four village schools under the Police Department which are being served by teachers provided from the Mission; though the supply has been inadequate, several more were looked for from Pasumalai and from the 82 Missions in India and Ceylon

Training Class at Tirumangalam. About eighty of the children are in the various boarding schools, besides thirty or forty Christians who came originally from this community. During the year sixty-four adults from this Kallar caste have received baptism; and the gifts of Christians have doubled in the pastorate in which this work is carried on. A worker in one of the stations where these Robber people are found reports, “As yet not many have finished their education, but of those who have, not one has gone back to a life of stealing. All who .have finished have gone out into the world to take their places as baptized Christians.”

Mission Losses

In the Madura Mission, as in the Marathi, the year 1922 took heavy toll from the missionary staff. The sudden death of Dr. Zumbro, the gradual decline and passing of Mrs. Vaughan, and the death of Mrs. Cunningham, mother of Miss Swift, who had been living in the Misson for eleven years, brought sorrow and the sense of loss to the Mission. The coming of a new family, Rev. and Mrs. Wolsted, was a welcome addition to the depleted staff. In 1923 occurred the death of Rev. James E. Tracy and of Dr. Frank Van Allen, who for health reasons had withdrawn from the superintendency of the famous Albert Victor Hospital. The record of his long, loyal, gratefully appreciated service more properly calls for notice in connection with the next report.

THE CEYLON MISSION

The figure of Gandhi has given spectacular prominence to reactionary movements, political, social and religious, in India since the Great War. Though the United States does not realize it, Ceylon is experiencing similar demonstrations of rising national spirit and a purpose to restore ancient glories and to secure freedom from what is felt to be the bondage of foreign influence and control. It is reported that “ young men who a few years ago were wearing European dress of the most approved cut are now appearing in the regulation national costume. In schools and colleges debates wax hot over questions of Ceylonese control in the government of the colony and in church and school administration. The ‘Ancient Glory of Tamildom,’ to quote the title of a recent pamphlet, is emphasized to show the possibilities of Missions in India and Ceylon 83 future glory. Western materialism, Western arrogance, are repeatedly scored.” An Indian poetess, one of the most powerful and influential of Gandhi’s followers, made a visit to Ceylon during which she spread as widely as possible her master’s message, calling upon all true Indians to follow Gandhi’s program. A three-days’ convention was held to promote interest in Tamil literature, and societies were organized in two or three of the girls’ schools, of which Uduvil was one, to stimulate the women of the nation to foster the national language. An effort is being made to introduce Tamil on the same footing as classical lan­ guages into school and university curricula. One good feature of the agitation is the urging at every gathering, Hindu and Christian, that people should give up caste prejudice and seek to help the low caste people, though it is confessed that but little has been accomplished as yet along that line. The educated sections of the community how­ ever are more regardful of the low caste population than formerly. As a result of agitation and increasing signs of revolt, Ceylon has been given a new constitution, to be tried during a period of five years, that gives more power to the elected members of the law-making body than ever before. For the first time they are now in the majority over the officials and appointed members. Christians in the Jaffna fields are taking part in many of these political and nationalistic discussions. Along with this quickening of the national spirit is the awakening of a new zeal for the non-Christian religions on the part of their fol­ lowers. A Buddhist Priest suddenly appeared in the Hindu community; commissioned, it was rumored, by the Buddhists of Japan to promote a revival of Buddhism. Hindus also have become increasingly active in pushing their religion. The "Hindu Organ,” the leading paper of the Hindu community in Jaffna, has been publishing a series of articles on the meaning and significance of the principal doctrine of Hinduism. The same paper calls on all members to adopt the methods and imitate the zeal of the Christian missionaries, a testimony from outside which is an appreciated endorsement of the practical and effective methods of the Christian movement. A characteristic utterance of the “ Organ” in this line is as follows: “ In Jaffna from the arrival of the Portuguese down to the present day the most strenuous efforts have been put forth to convert the people to Christianity, and it is a well-known fact that much suc­ cess has attended the efforts. The manifest ways by which foreign missionary bodies propagate Christianity among our people should 84 Missions in India and Ceylon serve as effective object lessons to those whose work it is to defend their great national religion (Hinduism).” The missionaries believe that this present awakening, both political and religious, is an indirect result of Christian Missions and rejoice that the success of the work is not to be measured only by the rate of growth that can be tabulated but in the spread of Christian ideas, social and democratic. The Centenaries of the Uduvil Church and of Batticotta Seminary, now Jaffna College, which were celebrated at the end of 1922, as they revealed the contrast between 1878 and the present day, brought fresh inspiration to our Mission to work with greater faith in every branch of its enterprise. The Jaffna Council There are twenty-two churches in this Mission. They have now been organized into what is called the Jaffna Council of the South India United Church, with which the American Mission in Jaffna is affiliated. This Council consists of 56 members — five missionaries, eleven ordained pastors, eleven unordained preachers and catechists in charge of churches, and twenty-nine lay delegates from the churches. The preponderance of the native leadership indicates that mission work also is recognizing and responding to the impulse for self-direction and the desire for a larger measure of responsibility on the part of the Christians of the land. One newly ordained preacher and two licensed preachers have been added to the staff during the year, while two vet­ erans have been allowed to retire; so that the ranks of these Jaffna preachers is kept about the same. Another indication that the churches connected with the Mission are coming to a larger sense of their responsibilities and prerogatives appears in a proposal made for establishing a central treasury for all the churches, into which all contributions should be poured and from which all salaries should be paid. The proposal has not yet met with acceptance, the churches seeming hardly ready for so drastic a change, but a step in that direction his been taken by the adoption of the plan to group the churches into a circuit, each circuit to have a com­ mon treasury and to be self-supporting. This arrangement means that the stronger churches will supply whatever aid connected or weak churches need. The management of church affairs is in the hands of a joint committee, the pastors of the stronger churches natur­ ally rendering somewhat of a supervisory service to the churches that are still in the stage of dependence. Missions in India and Ceylon 85

A feature of the year is the appointment of Rev. J. Sinnatamby as executive secretary of the Council, with the duty of going about among the churches for counsel and aid. Ceylon is not behind the West in making use of new forces in established undertakings. The evangelistic work of the year has in­ cluded the use of the cinema. “An able young man who wished to devote himself to Christian work was chosen and sent to a training school for special preparation in telling Bible stories in connection with showing moving pictures. He is now employed all the time going to all the schools and churches throughout the Mission, holding meetings either in buildings or out-doors. These meetings are very popular, hundreds and thousands of Hindus have attended, and have listened with interest to the earnest Gospel appeals from teachers and preachers who assist. This novel form of preaching is making a profound im­ pression, and places are being touched that have not been reached by the regular agencies of the churches.” Some very encouraging and effective evangelizing has been done, as in one low-caste village which has suddenly opened up most re­ markably. Its people have given the land and some of the timber for the school building and the number of school children has increased from fifty-six to over 100. Sunday Schools and preaching services have been carried on here from the start. The leading man of the village said, “As for me and my house, we will serve the Lord.” The secret of the notable success at this place seems to be the head teacher, a most devoted worker who maintains his hold on his pupils, and who has been rewarded by some fine Christian characters — boys who stand the test of persecution and even of physical suffering, but who remain loyal. One factor in the evangelistic work which deserves particular recognition is the service of the Bible women, of whom there are 24 in the Mission. Theirs is not a conspicuous task, or one that receives much of public praise, but in lines of social service, of visiting the sick and the troubled, and of direct evangelism in the homes of all ranks and character, they are of immeasurable value. “ Their influence in driving out ignorance and superstition,” says Pastor Chinnatamby,” “ cannot be tabulated in statistics.” The strong and formative influ­ ence of Miss Howland, who has this work in charge, is evidenced by the character of these Bible women and the quality of their service. 86 Missions in India and Ceylon

Schools and Hospitals

Particular mention may not be made here of the various institu­ tions making up the educational department of the work. They are listed and described at the close of this section, and some indication is given of the variety, the size and the effectiveness of the work being done in this important department, which is no less really evangelistic than that of the church and the preaching of the Word. Such insti­ tutions as Jaffna College with its affiliated high schools, and Uduvil Seminary, increase in value and result year by year, though the nature of their work and the round of their doings remain practically the same. The work of the Medical Department is also indicated in the list of institutions connected with this Mission. If figures oftentimes are not very impressive it certainly produces a thrill in every compassion­ ate heart to learn that over 20,000 cases were treated during the year. It was most fortunate that during Dr. Curr’s absence on furlough from Inuvil, Dr. Evelyn A. Rider could serve as acting chief of staff and maintain the work of McLeod Hospital on its high level and with its broad reach. The coming of Dr. Jameson to Manepay this last year reinforces Green Hospital there, where for years the work has been in the hands of trained Tamil speaking physicians and assistants to whom hearty thanks are due for their maintaining of the standards and con­ tinuing the work through the interval.

When wilt thou save the people ? O God of mercy, when ? The people, Lord, the people, Not thrones and crowns, but men. God save the people! thine they are, Thy children, as thine angels fair, From vice, oppression and despair: God save the people! Institutions of the India and Ceylon Missions*

Educational and Social

Ahmednagar: American Mission Girls’ High School* (Marathi). Founded 1838. Departments: Secondary; Primary; Kindergarten; Industrial. Board and tuition about $40. Buildings: two large buildings and one small for classes; three large and three small for dormitories — all one-story brick buildings. American Staif: Miss Clara H. Bruce, Principal, Mrs. Edith H. Smith, Misses Margaret Welles, Carolyn Smiley, Frances B. Woods (returned to America 1923); Ruby M. Phillips and Grace F. Woods are 1923 recruits. Enrolment 457. Efforts are being made to secure the co-operation of other Missions in the High School department. Members of the Domestic Science classes are given in turn the full responsibility of the housekeeping for the boarding department — buying, keeping accounts, cooking.

Ahmednagar: American Missions Workshops. Formerly American Deccan Institute. It is an industrial school. Founded about 1907 by David C. Churchill; installed in its present quarters in 1914. Buildings: 1 large fine brick work shop; 1 large shed of corru­ gated iron; 1 brick building used as a residence; 1 long row of inferior buildings. Superintendent, Mr. S. Smith. Enrolment: 44 wage- earning workers, 36 of whom are apprentice boys; 24 live in the hostel. Every pupil is put on a commercial basis; he is allowed what he earns and the principle is “ no work, no pay.” With this pay the boys in the hostel arrange for their own food and clothes. The Institute had a very favorable report from the Government Inspector after the February examination.

Ahmednagar: Bible Training School for Women. * Founded 1892 by Mrs. James Smith. Grade: Secondary School with English and Marathi departments. Board and tuition $32 to $40. Money is being collected for a building. Miss Gertrude Harris, Principal,

♦Institutions marked with an ♦ are supported, or in the case of coeducational and union institutions, partly supported, by the W oman’s Board of Missions: institutions marked with a t by the W oman’s Board of Missions of the Interior. 87 88 Missions in India and Ceylon

Mrs. R. A. Hume, Acting Principal during the past year. Enrolment 12; one girl tookpart of her course in the Divinity College.

Ahmednagar: Boys’ High School. Founded 1880 by Rev. James Smith. Departments: Vernacular; Secondary Anglo- Vernacular; Industrial — Sir D. M. Petit School of Industrial Arts outside of the city. Board and tuition $33. Buildings: Five buildings of stone and lime, one of them Harris Hall, thehostel. Staff: Mr. Charles H. Burr, Principal, Rev. Alden H. Clark, Acting Principal, Mr. James S. Parker and 34 Indian teachers, 18 of whom are Christian. En­ rolment 625; 275 small boys in the Vernacular School; 350 in the High School, 136 of whom are Christian. In Harris Hall student government has been in force two years.

Ahmednagar: Divinity College. Founded 1878 by Rev. Robert A. Hume, D. D. In 1921 the United Free Church of Scotland joined with the Marathi Mission in the work. Board and tuition $72 for unmarried students. Buildings: One large lecture hall; 1 large residence for unmarried students; 18 small houses for married students. Rev. Henry H. Fairbank, President, Dr. R. A. Hume, Acting President during the past year. Enrolment 17. The Bible, the history of the Christian Church, theology, the study of different religions, especially Hinduism and Islam, Marathi religious poetry, English, sermon preparation, and music, are the subjects taught.

Ahmednagar: Union Training School. Founded 1869 by the Christian Literature Society; taken over by the Marathi Mission in 1908. Three other missions now unite in its administration. Grade: Normal School; with agricultural training. Board and tuition $40. Buildings: 1 school building with 10 rooms; 1 dormitory with 11. There is a small athletic field in the school compound and an 8-acre field half a mile distant. Rev.W. S. Deming, Principal. Enrol­ ment 48; Model School 210. Its purpose is to train teachers for the village schools. A graduate of Divinity College acts as school chap­ lain; a system of student government develops leadership; a carefully planned system of athletic games and drills develops physique. Boy Scouts, Student Volunteers and a Christian Endeavour Society are among the student organizations. Missions in India and Ceylon 89

Aruppukottai: Boarding School* (Madura). First established in Mandapasalai in 1868 on Miss Martha S. Taylor’s arrival; moved to Aruppukottai in 1890. Grade: Primary. Board and tuition about $16. Buildings: 1 stone building with 3 rooms used as a classrooms and dormitory for boys; 2 brick two-roomed houses for classrooms and dormitories; 2 buildings of dilapidated brick used as dormitory, kitchen, matron’s quarters. The New Hampshire Branch of the Woman’s Board of Missions is raising funds for a much needed new building as its Jubilee gift. Mrs. Emmons E. White, Manager. Enrolment 196, of whom 100 are girls.

Bangalore: United Theological College (Madura). Founded 1910 by four missionary organizations. Students are prepared for the B. D. degree from Serampore College, Calcutta. Board and tuition $100. Buildings: 1 college building; 1 dormitory; 5 bungalows. Rev. L. P. Larsen, President, Rev. David S. Herrick, American Board representative on staff. Enrolment 18.

Battalagundu: Boarding School* (Madura). Founded about 1856 by Rev. and Mrs. John E. Chandler. Grade: Secondary or “ Higher Elementary.” Board and tuition $15. Buildings; Recita­ tion Hall; Boys’ Dormitory; Girls’ Dormitory; Infirmary; Carpenter Shop. Mrs. Burleigh V. Mathews, Principal. Enrolment 85 — 65 boys and 30 girls.

Bombay: Blind Schoolf (Marathi). Founded 1900 by Miss AnnaL. Millard. Departments: Primary; Kindergarten; Industrial; Music. Cost of support of one student: $80 a year. Buildings: One. Principal, Miss Millard. Enrolment 44. Of the graduates of the School in Bombay one is the church organist, another a singer, another supports his mother as well as himself, another is a valued teacher in a mission school, and many others there are earning an independent living who but for the School would probably be begging on the street.

Bombay: Byculla High School.* Founded 1877 by Rev. and Mrs. Edward S. Hume. Departments: High School; Primary School; Kindergarten. Cost of board $33 a year. Buildings: Bowker Hall, hostel for girls; Fiske Hall, hostel for boys; Little Boys Home. American Staff: Rev. William Hazen, Principal; T. Buell, Acting Principal from May 1, 1923, Wendell C. Wheeler, Ruth V. <90 Missions in India and Ceylon

Simpson, in charge of Bowker Hall succeeding Agnes Inglis who lived there the greater part of the year and reorganized the life and work of the girls and their teachers. Enrolment 280: 100 in High School; 130 Primary children, 50 in Clarke-Abbott School. Boy Scouts and Girl Guides were organized last year.

Ceylon: Jaffna College. Batticotta Seminary was founded 1823 by theAmerican Mission and closed 1855; the College was founded 1872 by a committee of Tamil gentlemen, graduates of Batticotta, and by Mr.M. Sanders and Dr. E. P. Hastings of theAmerican Mission. On Dec. 31,1922,and Jan. 1-2,1923,was celebrated the centenary of the Seminary and the Jubilee of the College. Departments: It may be divided into a Lower School including classes from preparatory class through First Form or Fifth Standard (Second year High School in America); and Upper School including Forms Two to Six; the Sixth Form is the Cambridge Senior. Besides this, eight Boys’ English Schools of the Mission are now affiliated with the College; these have an enrolment of 1,126 with 75 teachers. Board and tuition in College $80. Buildings: One Hall; 3 Recitation Buildings (1 built in 1922-23); 3 dormitories (1 built last year); 1 dining hall; 1 Laboratory for Physics and Chemistry; 1 Science Lecture Room and 1 Y. M. C. A. Room, both built last year; 7 professors’ houses. Staff: Rev. John Bicknell, President, Rev. and Mrs. Max H. Har­ rison, Mr. and Mrs. Carl W. Phelps, Edward G. Nichols and 27 other teachers. Enrolment 550. The past year has seen the beginning of the admission of girls into the Lower School. A debating society, literary society, athletics and games are some of the student activities.

Ceylon: Jaffna Union Women’s Training School. Founded 1922 by the church and the Wesleyan and American Missions; situ­ ated in the Wesleyan Mission Compound. Grade: Normal School. Board and tuition $30. Miss Murgatroyd, Principal; Miss Lulu G. Bookwalter and Miss Lucy K. Clark; W. B. M. members of the staff. Enrolment 24.

Ceylon: Tellipallai Boys’ Boarding School. Founded by Rev. W. W. Howland in 1872. Departments: Secondary; Primary; Kindergarten; Industrial. Board $25. Buildings: One; the Day School is attached to the Boarding School; a room was built for the kindergarten. .Land has been purchased for another much needed Missions in India and Ceylon 91

building. Mr. V. R. Ratnam, Principal; Rev. Arthur A. Ward, mis­ sionary in charge. Enrolment 165. The Primary and Kindergarten schools are co-educational. Printing and book binding are the chief industries taught. Six boys were baptized during the year.

Ceylon: Tellipallai Training School. Founded 1856 at Batticotta when the Seminary was closed; removed to Tellipallai when Jaffna College was opened. Taken over by the Government at end of the school year in 1923.

Ceylon: U dupiddi Girls’ Boarding School.* Buildings: Office Building; Hall; Dormitory; Classrooms. Board and tuition $50. Mrs. Charles W. Miller, Principal. Enrolment 96. Seven have joined the church.

Ceylon: Uduvil Girls’ Boarding School.* Founded 1824 by Mrs. Miron Winslow. Departments: Vernacular School — kinder­ garten and first four grades; English School — kindergarten through High School. Board and tuition $65. Buildings: 2 dormitories; Classrooms; Hall; Library; 2 cottages; 4 bungalows; Kindergarten Building and Domestic Science kitchen and cottage are under con­ struction. Staff: Miss Lulu G. Bookwalter, Principal; Miss Lucy K. Clark, Miss Alice N. Vogt and Miss Hacker (English), Misses Grace M. Vining and Christiana Hodgdon, 1923 recruits, 47 Tamil teachers. Enrolment 680; 48 joined the church the past year. Girl Guides, a literary society in the English school, a Tamil literary society, a Music Club and School Band are some of the student organizations. A school nurse looks after the health of the pupils and all are examined every month in the school clinic. A boarding department has recently been organized for the very little people who require special care and atten­ tion. On Old Girls’ Day two or three hundred graduates gather at Uduvil to renew school friendships and spend the day. They are making great plans for the celebration of the Centenary in 1924.

Day Schools: In the Marathi Mission 101 Village Schools teach a total of 2,381 pupils, of whom 1,830 are boys and 551 girls. The Common Schools — including the Farrar Schools with their 292 girls— enroll 1,716 pupils of whom 987 are boys and 729 girls. In the Madura Mission 258 Village Schools enroll 10,515 pupils of whom 9,592 areboys 92 Missions in India and Ceylon and 916 are girls; and 20 Hindu Girls’ Schools enroll 1,444 girls. In Ceylon, 12 Secondary Schools enroll 2,144 and 95 Primary Schools enroll 9,219 students.

Dindigul: Boarding School t (Madura). Founded 1838 by Rev. John Jay Lawrence. Grade: Primary. Board and tuition $20. Build­ ings: Five buildings, some constructed of earth and all dilapidated and unsuitable for school use. Rev. and Mrs. Willis P. Elwood. in charge. Enrolment 175 of whom 128 are boarders. An industrial class opened during the year, and as Dindigul is the center of the mat- making industry of South India and therefore materials and market for the finished product were available, mat-weaving was the specialty chosen.

Kodaikanal: School for Missionary Children. Founded 1901 by a Joint Committee of the Madura and Arcot Missions. Mrs. Margaret Eddy, first Principal and member of the Joint Committee, visiting America in 1902 secured funds to buy Highclerc; generous gifts have enabled the school to buy adjacent properties and erect new buildings. Nine missions are now contributing to it. Enrolment 104, of whom 79 are boarders. Staff of eleven teachers of whom nine are from America and College or Normal School graduates. The enrol­ ment has outgrown accommodations and many have had to be refused admission for lack of room. Boyer Hall, a home for the younger children, is under construction as a memorial of Miss Virginia Boyer, a member of the staff who perished at sea on the Egypt. A recitation hall, girls’ dormitory, sanitary equipment, and electrical equipment are badly needed.

Madras: Women’s Christian College (Union). Founded 1915 by twelve mission boards, the W. B. M. being one of these. Affiliated with the University of Madras. Board and tuition about $75. Buildings: Main Building — a fine old residence built for a British official 140 years ago; 2 dormitories; Chapel built in 1923, gift of an anonymous American donor; Science Building under construction. Miss Eleanor McDougall, President; Miss Edith M. Coon (W. B. M.), Vice-President. Enrolment 140.

Madura: American College. Founded 1843 by Dr. William Tracy in Tirumangalam; made second grade institution 1881 by Missions in India and Ceylon 93

Dr. G. T. Washburn in Pasumalai; was moved to Madura in 1904; Dr. William M. Zumbro, President 1900 till his death in 1922, built it up into a first-class college; it is one of the 18 first-class units of Madras University. Departments: Physical Science; History and Economics. Board and tuition $75. Buildings: Administration Building; Ellen James Science Building; hostel, in two blocks ¡Library (12,000 volumes); Four bungalows — College House, Barton Hall, Williston House, Warden’s Lodge — all of brick; these are on the 42-acre campus; 2 Colonial hostels of brick and mortar faced with plaster are off the campus. Staff: Rev. William W. Wallace, President; Rev. James M. Hess, Rev. Edward L. Nolting, Rev. Albert J. Saunders, Rev. L. Curtis Guise, Mr. Edgar M. Flint, and 30 native teachers. Enrolment 446. No department of the college life is more important than the hostel. It humanizes and socializes the student as nothing else can. High caste and low caste, Christian, Hindu and Mohammedan live side by side and come to value each other according to worth of character. The government of this miniature state is that of a republic.

Madura: Capron Hall Girls’ School.* Founded 1835 by Mrs. James R. Eckard. Departments: Normal School; Model School; High School. Board and tuition $30. Buildings: Capron Hall — both recitation hall and dormitory; one-room Kindergarten Building; Kindergarten Hostel (1922); small house for 8 students. Staff: Miss Mary T. Noyes, Principal; Miss Gertrude Chandler (left at end of school year), Miss Katharine B. Wilcox, Miss Martha M. Van Allen, and 6 men and 25 women teachers. Enrolment 555; 83 are Normal School students, 64 High School. In the past forty years a thousand teachers have been sent out by the school. There are four self-government Houses and in the Kindergarten Hostel the girls have the full responsibility of the housekeeping.

Madura: Lucy Perry Noble Institute for Women, f Founded 1892 by Miss Eva M. Swift. Departments: Academic; Industrial; Home Life; Bible School (for training evangelists). Board and tuition $60. Buildings: Esther Barton Assembly Hall; Belle M. Spence Memorial Building — both erected 1920. Miss Swift, Principal. Miss Alice E. Chamberlin was Acting-Principal during Miss Swift’s furlough. Enrolment 80 at beginning of the year but 158 studied here during the year; 14 in the Bible School; 31 joined the church. A new 94 Missions in India and Ceylon

and profitable opening for sales of the products of the Industrial Department has been found in Assam and some work was taken to the Victoria Institute at Madras to be sold.

Madura: Union Christian High School. Outgrowth of a school started before 1872; converted into a high school in 1884; placed under management of College Council 1905; in 1922 placed under the united care of American Board Madura Mission and Church of Sweden Mission. Enrolment: 51 Brahmans, 242 other Hindus, 90 Mohammedans, 115 Indian Christians, 7 Anglo-Indians.

Manamadura: Boarding School* (Madura). Founded 1864 by Rev. Samuel B. Capron. Grade: Primary. Board and tuition $24. Buildings: One for girls and 1 for boys, the latter having classrooms for all. Rev. M. S. Thirithuvathasen, Principal, Chairman of East Local Council. Enrolment 60.

Pasumalai: High School (Madura). An outgrowth of the Seminary founded 1837 by Rev. William Tracy in Tirumangalam; moved to Pasumalai in 1842; Dr. Washburn, Founder. Departments: Middle and High Schools. Board and tuition $35 and $45. Buildings: Washburn Hall; Agricultural Hall; old church used as drawing hall; Southfold Hostel for Hindu boys; Yokan Lodge and Case Dining Hall for Christian boys; 2 dormitories; 20 houses for teachers; farm buildings. Staff: Rev. JohnX. Miller, Principal, Rev. James H. Lawson and 22 teachers. Enrolment 483. In Public Examinations, on which much stress is laid in India, this school headed the list of all schools for boys in this part of India. Games and drill are compulsory; one of the boys won the Grigg Medal given to the best athlete in the Dis­ trict. The Library has had 1,250 new volumes added during the year, 950 from the Whitinsville, Mass., Sunday School. During the year 60 boys joined the church.

Pasumalai: Trade School. Founded 1920 by Rev. John X . Miller and received Government recognition in 1923. Departments: Printing and Binding; Masonry; Carpentry; Blacksmithy; Courses offered in Agri-Horticulture. Buildings: Pasumalai Trade School Building; 14 houses for workmen and teachers. Rev. James H. Dickson, Principal. Enrolment 35. Missions in India and Ceylon 95

Pasumalai: Training School. Founded 1880 by Rev. George T. Washburn. Departments: Normal; Higher Elementary; Kinder­ garten. Board and tuition $40 in the Normal, $25 in the Elementary School. Buildings: Hollis Moore Memorial Hall; Annamalai Chel- tior Hostel; Pandel Hostel and Dining Hall. Staff: Rev. Lloyd L. Lorbeer, Principal; Rev. James H. Dickson, Acting Principal during his furlough, Rev. John X . Miller, Manager; Mrs. Dickson in charge of Kindergarten; 12 teachers. Enrolment: 440 — Normal 259, Secondary Grade Normal 26, Higher Elementary 65, Lower, 90. Of the 26 Secondary Grade men 24 secured a complete pass in the Public Examination, the other two failing only in drawing.

Pasumalai: Union Theological Seminary. Founded 1837 at Tirumangalam by Rev. William Tracy. The Ceylon Mission unites with the Mission in managing its affairs-. It is affiliated with Seram- pore College. Departments: Primary School; Secondary School: College; Licentiate in Theology Courses. Seminary students are those who have passed the High Schools; some have studied in College. Board and tuition $60 to $120. Buildings: One Seminary Bungalow erected 1847; Seminary Building erected 1913 by Dr. J. P. Jones; 20 teachers and students’ houses erected by Dr. Jones; Jones Hostel erected 1918 by Dr. Banninga. Rev. John J. Banninga, Principal; 5 teachers. Enrolment 32 men and 18 women (wives of students). In the examinations of April the average standing of the Seminary’s students was higher than that of any other institution affiliated with Serampore in the same grade. Two itineracies for training in practical village work were held during the past year. The Seminary conducts study courses for the workers in the villages and holds an annual In­ stitute and Minister’s Conference for them. In 1922 over 400 attended and a dozen Missions were represented. In 1923 the Pasumalai Training School united with it and educational and teacher-training courses were added.

Publications: In Ceylon the Mission Press has printed the Morn­ ing Star weekly in English and Tamil; the Jaffna College Magazine three times a year, The Bulletin three times a year, Notes on Jaffna, Historical and Chronological, A Century of English Education in Ceylon — in English;' in Tamil, A History of the American Ceylon Mission, several Readers, a Geography, an Agricultural Magazine, and some parts of the Hymn and Lyric Book. In Pasumalai Dr. Banninga 96 Missions in India and Ceylon

edits the English edition, Prof. M. S.-Taylor, the Tamil edition of the United Church Herald; Wai publishes the Dynanodaya, an Anglo- Marathi weekly, the oldest publication in Western India, the organ of seven missions.

Rahuri: Boarding Schoolf (Marathi). Founded 1879 by Dr. W. O. Bailan tine. Grade: Primary, with a kindergarten. Board and tuition $40. Buildings: Boys’ Dormitory; Girls’ Dormitory; School- house. Rev. Joseph L. Moulton, Principal. Enrolment 59 — 24 boys, 35 girls. One standard has doubled this year and the children are quite regular in attendance.

Satara: Boarding School* (Marathi). Founded 1836by Rev. and Mrs. Allan Graves. Grade: Secondary and Primary. Buildings: School building of stone (1900) ; Girls’ Dormitory (1920); Boys’ dormi­ tory (1920) ; Row of teachers’ rooms, brick. The school building was enlarged last year with funds raised in India but the school is still crowded. Miss Belle Nugent, Principal. Enrolment 87 — 67 boys, 20 girls.

Sholapur: Boys’ School (Marathi). Founded 1900 by Rev. Lorin S. Gates. Buildings: 2 school buildings, one of brick and stone; 5 dormitories of stone. Rev. Richard S. Rose, Principal. Enrolment 161 of whom two-thirds are Christian; of these 50 are boarders. In the hostel an experiment in self-government is being tried. There is a carpentry department in connection with the school.

Sholapur: Criminal Tribes Settlement Schools. Miss Ella C. Hoxie in charge. Enrolment 1,000. Kindergarten ; school garden ; drill; carpentry; Girl Messengers; Boy Scouts — several troops — exerting a fine influence the past year.

Sholapur: Mary B. Harding Kindergarten Training School. Founded 1903 by Mary Ballantine Harding; Miss M. Louise Wheeler, Principal. Enrolment 19. Self-government is proving successful and the students are enthusiastic about the Messenger Girls Service. The School opens one extensión course each year for the Christian teachers of the city so that they may receive credit and training toward a certificate. A “ Refresher Course” was held this year during two weeks of the Divali Holidays, and was open to all village and other Missions in India and Ceylon 97 primary teachers; it was attended by 98 men and women representing 14 cities and nine mission societies. Josephine Kindergarten has an enrolment of 120; the three divisions: Baby Kindergarten, Con­ necting Kindergarten, Infant Class enroll 40 each.

Sholapur: Woronoco School.* Founded 1891 by Rev. Lorin S. Gates. Departments: Primary; Secondary; Vernacular; Anglo- Vernacular. Board and tuition about $30. Buildings: One building for the Anglo-Vernacular Department; 1 large building for Dormitory and for classrooms of the Vernacular Department. Enrolment 118. School gardens have been a source of much pleasure during the year; pupils, graduates and townspeople looked forward to and enjoyed the little instructive plays, songs and drills of Alumnae Day; and this year the girls on their own initiative celebrated Sulochanabai’s 27 years of service in the school and showed their appreciation of her invaluable work and influence.

Sirur: Beverly Boarding School for Girls* (Marathi). Founded 1878 by Rev.and Mrs. RichardWinsor. Departments: Primary School; Kindergarten— the Anglo-Vernacular Department was dropped 1922. Board and tuition $32. Buildings: Dormitory; One school building for both Beverly and Byington Schools. Mrs. Edward W- Felt, Principal. Enrolment 57.

Sirur: Byington Boarding School for Boys. Founded by Rev. Richard Winsor in 1880. Departments: Secondary; Primary. Board and tuition $30. Buildings: One dormitory. Rev. Edward W. Felt, Principal. Enrolment 89. Bands of boys took turns every two months in visiting the villages and teaching the Sunday Schools there. Every boy chosen was eager to serve.

Sirur: Sir D. M. Petit Industrial School. Founded 1878 by Rev. Richard Winsor. Departments: Carpentry; Mechanical Drawing. Cost per student $26. Buildings: One large building. Rev. Edward W. Felt, Principal. Enrolment 60.

Social Service: In Ahmednagar the Chapin Home, founded 1880 by Miss Sarah Jane Hume, cares for eight widows and seven children, under the supervision of Mrs. Robert A. Hume. Two new inmates this past year were trained in six months to weave coarse cotton cloth 98 Missions in India and Ceylon by which they now earn their living. The women have an eight-hour work day, do their own grinding, cleaning and cooking beside, and at the noon recess have Bible and reading lessons. There is need of larger quarters for the many widows in the dommunity who need work and a home. In Madura the Christian Women’s Association, founded 1915 by Miss Eva M. Swift, includes social service as part of its aim, carrying on a program of work for the benefit of non-Christian women and children. Its members number 600. Capron Hall girls have made a beginning of a Community Center across the river; different groups go there with experienced teachers for first-aid, social and evangelistic work. In Sholapur the Industrial Settlements (Criminal Tribes Settle­ ments) with their 4,000 inhabitants and staff of 100 are divided into three groups; those who are criminals by caste only, committing crimes because they are expected to (60%); those who would commit crime if circumstances favored it and a watch was not kept on their movements (35%); and those who are out to commit crime, no matter what steps are taken to prevent it (5% ). With the removal of some of the worst of the latter to a Special Settlement the morals of the others have con,- siderably improved. A third of the men work in the cotton mills. Caste juries prescribe punishments and fines. The Sholapur church is in charge of evangelistic work in one settlement, various preachers in charge in the other. Women are taught sewing and given Bible instruc­ tion in special classes. The schools for the children have a paragraph to themselves on page 96. Mr. H. H. Strutton is in charge of the Settlements, and Rev. Arthur A. McBride associate in the work. The Young Men’s Club meets Wednesdays in the Boys’ School for reading and games, and every Saturday night is Community Night, with a lecture, lantern show, song-service or concert. An English night school is conducted by a young Christian; a Brahman teacher wearing a Gandhi cap teaches a class as a bit of voluntary service for India. A large dormitory has been set aside as a Young Men’s Hostel for Christian young men who have no home in Sholapur, most of whom work in the mills. In Wai the Abbott Home,f founded 1900 in Bombay by Miss Anstice Abbott, moved to Wai 1905, and now in charge of Miss Jean Gordon, houses 8 widows, 15 children, 10 village boarders and 27 others who call it their home. Missions in India and Ceylon 99

Tirumangalam: Boarding School* (Madura). Opened about 1836, closed 1857, reopened 1870. Now under the control of the Madura Church Council. Grade: Primary, with Industrial Depart­ ment. Board and tuition $15. Buildings: One thatch building costing about $150 with three classrooms and place for 60 to sleep. Mrs. Raymond A. Dudley, Manager. Enrolment 160. Half of the children come from the Kallar community; the Government gives scholarships to 45 of these. In July a Training class was started — a branch of Pasumalai Training School and so recognized by the Government.

Vadala: Boys’ Boarding School (Marathi). Founded 1887 by Rev. HenryFairbank. Departments: Vernacular; Anglo-Vernacular. Board and tuition S20. Buildings: Two dormitories; 1 boarding and cook-house; 1 large school building. Mr. Robert W. Fairbank, Principal till his return to America at end of school year. Enrolment 121 of whom 59 were boarders; 13 were received into the church.

Vadala: Girls’ Boarding School.f Founded 1887 by Mrs. Ruby E. Fairbank. Departments: Vernacular: Kindergarten; Do­ mestic Science Class. Board and tuition $17. Buildings: One two- story dormitory and Matron’s home ; 1 school building; 1 kindergarten room. Mrs. Tarabai Waghcheawu and Mrs. William H. McCance, Principals. Enrolment 137, of whom 72 were boarders; 20 were received into the church.

Vellore: Union Missionary Medical School for Women.* Founded 1918 by Ida S. Scudder, M.D. College grade. Board and tui­ tion $100. Buildings: One hospital, 2 bungalows for European staff: 1 bungalow for Indian staff; 1 hostel with classrooms; dispensary built in 1923. Dr. Katharine B. Scott, President. European staff: 5 physicians, 2 nurses, 2 assistants. Indian staff: 1 physician, 10 nurses, 5 compounders. Enrolment 75. The first Commencement took place in March, 1922. Eleven of the fourteen girls who took Government examinations are serving in mission hospitals.

Wai: Boarding School* (Marathi). Founded by Mrs. Minnie Sibley and Miss Jean Gordon in 1892. Grade: Primary. Buildings: Boys’ Dormitory of brick; Teachers’ Home; School Building of stone and brick, Jubilee gift of W. B. M. The girls board in the Abbott 100 Missions in India and Ceylon

Home. Enrolment 130. The school is steadily growing in numbers and efficiency.

MEDICAL

Ahmednagar: American Hospital for Women and Children.* The dispensary was opened in 1895, the Hospital in 1904 by Dr. Julia Bissell. Capacity 60 beds. Maintenance of a bed, $83 a year. Build­ ings: One large two-story hospital building of stone; small isolation building; 1 residence for American doctors and nurses; Nurses’ Home of brick; 1 storehouse. Electric lighting has been recently installed. Staff: Dr. Ruth P. Hume and Mrs. Harriet J. Clark, M. D.; Miss Elizabeth Johnson, Superintendent of Nurses (in Amerca), 11 nurses, 17 assistants. In-patients 737; dispensary patients 8,476; total treat­ ments 9,213; operations 87.

Bombay: Goodwill Dispensary.* Founded 1898 by Dr. Kar- markar. Dr. Gurabai Karmarkar is retiring on account of ill health after thirty years of service that have brought relief and blessing to thousands of women and children. Her successor is Dr. Razusbai Ranadive. Dr. Karmarkar gave 4,605 treatments during the year.

Ceylon: Green Hospital for Men at Manepay. Dr. William J. Jameson took charge in 1923. Over 9,000 treatments given.

Ceylon: McLeod Hospital for Women and Children at Inuvil. Founded by the Misses Leitch. Capacity 100 beds; cost of maintain­ ing a bed, $50 a year. Buildings: Dispensary Building; 8 hospital ward buildings; Maud and Alice Nurses’ Home, an addition to which was completed 1923; Doctors’ residence; Twynam Cottage opened 1923. Staff: Dr. Isabella H. Curr, Dr. Evelyn A. Rider, 27 nurses, 6 assistants. In-patients 1,868, dispensary patients 3,532 receiving 10,456 treatments.

Kodaikanal: Maternity Hospital. In May 1923 Dr. Frank Van Allen laid the cornerstone of this hospital which he had planned for and begun to gather money for in 1916, as he felt there was a real need for a purely maternity hospital for missionaries and other Euro­ peans or Americans in the cooler climate of the hills. The building will Missions in India and Ceylon 101 stand on the crest of the ridge overlooking the plains 7,000 feet below, and the solid rock blasted away to make a level floor will be used in building. The hospital will probably be named after its founder, who died in August, 1923, and will be under the same management as the Albert Victor Hospital.

Madura: Albert Victor Hospital. Founded 1897 by Dr. Frank Van Allen who raised the funds entirely in India. Capacity 30 beds. Buildings: One large and beautiful Main Hospital containing wards, laboratory, operating and compounding rooms; 3 kitchens; old build­ ing used for stores. Dr. Edward W. Wilder, Physician in charge; 8 nurses; 1 assistant. In-patients 687, new dispensary patients 18,938, total treatments 21,550.

Madura: American Hospital for Women and Children.* Founded 1885 by Dr. Pauline M. Root. Capacity 105 beds. Buildings: Main building is in three connecting blocks shaped like the letter E, is two-storied and of brick and steel with hollow-tiled floors (1920). There is a smaller two-story dispensary; Isolation Ward; Hostel; Nurses’ home; Doctors’ Bungalow; laundry; kitchens; quarters for workers. Staff: Dr. Harriet E. Parker (1896-), Miss Mary E. Rogers, Superintendent of nurses; 36 nurses, 3 assistants, 5 compounders. In-patients 1,473, new dispensary patients 12,444, total treatments 34,887, major operations 190, total operations 2,372. The Kaiser-i- Hind silver medal was bestowed on Dr. Parker by the British Govern­ ment in 1922.

Manamadura: Leper Asylum. Founded 1913 by Dr. Harriet E. Parker. Capacity 150. Cost per patient, $30. Buildings: Dispensary; 3 wards for women and 9 for men of which 4 were built during the past year; house for caretaker, house for gardener; house for Medical Officer (1922); Hostel for untainted children (1922). Staff: Dr. Parker, Physician in charge; D. Sundram, Resident Medi­ cal Officer; Rev. C. Stanley Vaughan, Superintendent; 1 nurse, 3 assistants. Number of patients 145. (Statistics of Sholapur Leper Asylum not at hand.)

Pasumalai: The Caroline Clarke Dispensary and Hospital. Dispensary work was begun 1875 by Mrs. George H. Washburn. 102 Missions in India and Ceylon

Reorganized 1909, and Dispensary built by Mrs. John X. Miller, through a gift from Mrs. E. Y. Hincks. Capacity 20 beds; cost per bed, $30 a year. Buildings: One building of brick and mortar which serves as hospital, dispensary and residence of a medical man; An­ dover Isolation Ward. Mrs. John X . Miller supervised it till her death in October, 1923.

R ahuri: Dispensary. One building. Dispenser, Shupatreo Salve; number of patients 2,124, total treatments 2,984.

Vellore: Hospital of the Medical College. Capacity 61 beds; cost of maintaining a bed, $50 a year. In-patients 1,327, dispensary patients 20,000, total treatments 34,190.

W ai: N. M . W adia H ospital.* Opened in January, 1913, by Drs. Lester H. and Rose F. Beals. Capacity 60 beds. Buildings: Main Building, including operating, sterilizing, medical, and dressing rooms, male and female wards and 9 private rooms; Maternity Ward, delivery room and 4 rooms for patients; 2 tuberculosis open-air wards; Children’s Ward (1923), built by Dr. J. E. Abbott in memory of Mrs. Abbott; doctors’ and nurses’ quarters; cook rooms for patients. Staff: Dr. Lester H. Beal, Dr. Rose F. Beal, Dr. Walter F. Hume, two Indian doctors, Miss Ruth A. Andrews (1923), Superintendent of Nurses; 3 nurses, 6 assistants. In-patients 803; new dispensary patients 10,757, receiving 19,516 treatments; 950 operations. The British Government awarded Dr. Beals the gold Kaiser-i-Hind Medal last year. The events of the year have been the building of the Chil­ dren’s Ward, the addition to the staff of Dr. Navamani David, a graduate of Vellore Medical College, and the visit of Dr. and Mrs. George L. Richards of Fall River. The American Board Missions in China

Stations: Location and Special Work of Missionaries

FOOCHOW MISSION

Foochow (1847). — WillardL.Beard', D. D.: President of Foochow College; evangelistic work; mission secretary. Hardman N.Kinnear, M. D .; Mrs. Ella J. Kinnear: Medical work in Foochow Hospital. Mr. Leonard J. Christian: Supervisor of Boys’ Higher Primary Schools, Foochow City. Mrs. Agnes M. Christian: Woman’s work and teach­ ing in Foochow College Higher Primary School. Rev. Frederick P. Beach; Mrs. Ruth W. Beach: Professorin Fukien Christian University. Mr. Roderick Scott: Professor in Fukien Christian University. Mrs. Agnes K. Scott. Rev. Clarence A. Neff: On leave of absence, teaching in Manila, Philippine Islands. Mr. George M. Newell; Mrs. Mary R. Newell: In charge of the Union Normal and Middle School. Rev. Otto J. Reumann: Religious education of students and boys in Foo­ chow College and city. Mrs. Martha B. Reumann. Rev. Peter S. Goertz: In charge of evangelistic work in city and religious work in Diongloh Boys’ School. Mrs. Mathilde H. Goertz. Mr. Arthtir E. St. Clair: Mission treasurer and business agent. Mrs. Ruth G. St. Clair: Mission librarian. Miss Emily S. Hartwell: Woman’s Boarding station class; orphanage work. Miss Bertha H. Allen: Union Kinder­ garten Training School; supervision of city kindergartens. Lora G. Dyer, M. D.: In charge of woman’s medical work. Miss Elizabeth S. Perkins: Principal of Wenshan Girls’ Middle School. Miss Susan E. Armstrong: Teaching in Foochow College. Miss Hazel M. Atwood: Nurse in women’s hospital. Miss Phebe K. Beard: Teaching in Wen­ shan Girls’ School. Miss Alice M. Darrow: Nurse in men’s hospital.

Ingtai (1864). — Rev. Edward H. Smith: In charge of evangelistic work in day schools. Mrs. Grace W. Smith: Supervision of kindergarten work. Rev. Fred. F. G. Donaldson; Mrs. Elaine S. Donaldson: Evan­ gelistic work; Boys’ Boarding School and Hospital; station treasurer. Miss Lucy B. Lanktree: Teacher in Girls’ Boarding School. Miss Elizabeth S. Waddell: Girls’ day schools and women’s evangelistic work. 103 104 The China Missions

D iongloh (1865). — Charles L. Gillett, M. D .: In charge of medical work at Pagoda and Diongloh. Mrs. Margaret W. Gillett: In charge of kindergarten. Rev. George H. Hubbard: Evangelistic and literary work. Mrs. Nellie L. Hubbard: Evangelistic work; charge of Diongloh Woman’s School. Rev. William H. Topping: Evangelistic work; supervision of the Boys’ Boarding School. Mrs. Elizabeth C. Topping. Miss Rena L. Nutting: Teaching in Girls’ School. Miss Laura D. Ward: In charge of women’s evangelistic work and lower primary schools.

On Furlough. — Rev. Samuel H. Leger; Mrs. Mabel M. Leger; Mrs. Ellen L. Beard; Miss Eunice T. Thomas; Miss Martha Wiley; Miss Stella M. Cook; Miss Annie L. Kentfield.

Associated with the Mission — (Foochow) Miss Priscilla Holton: Educational work in Wenshan Girls’ School.

Mr. and Mrs. Scott and Dr. Lora G. Dyer have returned to their work in Foochow City. Miss Vera McReynolds is to remain in this country. Miss Stella M. Cook has been called home by family condi­ tions and is not planning at present to return to the field. Dr. and Mrs. Harry G. Gebhart have resigned from the mission and are return­ ing to America. Miss Gertrude Blanchard and Miss Mary E. Pike have had to leave the work of the mission, and Miss Helen J. Carter has completed her term of service. Miss Martha Wiley has been compelled to come to America for health reasons on a leave of absence. Those on regular furlough are Mr. and Mrs. Leger; Miss Thomas; Miss Kentfield. Mr. and Mrs. Smith did not take their furlough in 1923, but will come in 1924, as well as Mr. and Mrs. Christian and Mr. and Mrs. Topping. Rev. Clarence A. Neff although stationed at Foochow City has been granted a year’s leave of absence while he is teaching in Manila, Philippine Islands. Two new missionaries have been appointed during the year, Miss Priscilla Holton, who is to teach for three years at the Girls’ School at Ponasang, and Mr. Guy A. Thelin, to engage in agricultural work and to sail in the summer of 1924.

STATISTICS (1921). — Stations 3; outstations 71; population of the field 1,600,000. The missionaries: ordained 10; unordained men 7; wives 16; single women 17; total missionaries 50; associate workers 1. The native force includes 15 ordained preachers; 37 unor­ The China Missions 105 dained preachers, 116 men teachers, 64 women teachers, 47 Bible women, 7 other workers; total workers 288. The native church is represented in 75 places of regular meeting where there are 46 organized churches of which 5 are self supporting; the communicants number 2,440, 143 having been received during the year; the total constituency is 6,067. There are 55 Sunday Schools with a membership of 3,238. There are no records of the Christian Endeavor activities which are carried on in the mission. In connection with the educational work the mission co-operates in a union theological school with 15 students from the mission and 2 union colleges with 25 students; 2 middle schools with 149 boys and 37 girls; 89 primary schools with 2,731 boys and 855 girls; 6 kindergartens with 204 pupils; other pupils 218; total schools are 100 with 4,234 under instruction. The native contribu­ tions: for Christian work $3,378; for education $14,601; for other objects $1,199; total contributions $19,178. Medical work is carried on in 5 hospitals where there were 1,053 in-patients, 5 dispensaries with 9,601 patients; total treatments 31,014.

SHAOWU MISSION

Shaowu (1876). — Rev. Charles L. Storrs: Principal of the Boys’ Academy; charge of boys’ day schools; evangelistic work; Mission secretary. Mrs. Mary G. Storrs: Educational work. Rev. Edwin D. Kellogg: Evangelistic and educational work; Mission treasurer. Mrs. Alice R. Kellogg: Educational and work for women. EdwardL. Bliss, M. D .: In charge of hospital, medical, dairy and research work. Rev. Harold E. LeMay; Mrs. Ruby M. LeMay: Language study. Miss Frances K . Bement: Principal of the Lombard Girls’ School; charge of girls’ day schools; evangelistic work. Miss Josephine C. Walker: Women’s Evangelistic work; Bible women. Miss Leona K.Burr: Evangelistic work for women. Miss Dorothy E. Bascom: Edu­ cational work in Girls’ School.

Kienning (1922). — Miss Grace A . Funk; Miss Louise Meebold: Educational and evangelistic work. Josephine Kennedy, M. D.: Medical work.

On Furlough. — Rev. Robert W. McClure; Mrs. JeanieG. McClure; Mrs. Minnie M. Bliss; Mr. Charles H. Riggs; Mrs. Grace F. Riggs; Lucy P. Bement, M. D. 106 The China Missions

Associated with the Mission (Shaowu). — Alfred J. Stewart, M. D .; Assistant physician in the men’s hospital. (Kienning) Mr. and Mrs. George Shepherd: Evangelistic and medical work.

More than the usual number of missionaries are on furlough. Mr. and Mrs. McClure and Mr. and Mrs. Riggs are taking their regular furlough, while Dr. Bement has had to come to America for health reasons. Dr. Bliss will soon join his family in America. The Kelloggs and Miss Walker are back at their posts. Rev. and Mrs. Harold E. LeMay, the new missionaries, are now engaged in language study. The ranks have also been strengthened by the arrival of Dr. Alfred J. Stewart, who is to care for the medical work while Dr. Bliss is on fur­ lough, and Mr. and Mrs. George Shepherd, who are to work a year with the mission, and who are to be stationed at Kienning.

STATISTICS (1922).— Stations 2; outstations 35; population of field 1,450,000. The missionaries: ordained 4; unordained men 2; wives 6; single women 8; total missionaries 20. The native force: ordained preachers 5; unordained preachers 34; men teachers 34; women teachers 57; Bible women 17; other workers 14; total workers 161. The native church maintains work in 50 places of regular meeting; in 37 organized churches of which 3 are self supporting; 1,079 com­ municants of whom 113 were added during the year; total consti­ tuency estimated at 2,500. There were 32 Sunday Schools with 1,689 members and 32 Christian Endeavor Societies with a membership of 1,067. There are 2 middle schools with 37 boys and 22 girls; 46 primary schools with 631 boys and 793 girls; 3 kindergartens with 70 pupils; making the total schools 51 and total under instruction 1,553. The native contributions; for Christian work $1,709; for educa­ tion $2,475; for other objects $992; total contributions $5,176. The medical work is carried on in 3 hospitals with 115 in-patients, and 3 dispensaries where 11,600 patients were given 25,170 treatments.

NORTH CHINA MISSION

Chihli District

Tientsin (1860).— Rev. Robert E. Chandler: General Secretary of Mission and North China Council. Mrs. Helen D. Chandler. Mr. James H. McCann: Mission Treasurer. Mrs. Netta K. McCann. The China Missions 107

Charles A. Stanley, D. D .: Higher Primary School and educational work. Mrs. Louise H. Stanley. Rev. William R.Leete: Evangelistic work. Mrs. Anna K.Leete. Mr. Jesse B. Wolfe: Mission Architect. Mrs. Cora H. Wolfe. Miss Carolyn T. Sewell: Evangelistic work. Miss Constance Buell: Educational work for girls. Charles A. Siler, M. D .: Medical work. Mrs. Marion P. Siler.

Peking (1864). — Chauncey Goodrich, D. D.: Hymn writing. James H. Ingram, M. D .: Teaching in Union Women’s Medical College. Mrs. Myrtle B. Ingram. Howard S. Galt, D. D .: Professorin Peking University. Mrs. Louise A. Galt. George D. Wilder, D. D.: Teaching in Union Bible Institute. Mrs. Gertrude S. Wilder. Mrs. Eleanor W. Sheffield: Teaching and work for women. Philippe de Vargas, Ph.D.: Professor of History, Peking University. Mrs. Amelie M. de Vargas. Mrs. Alice B. Frame: Dean of College of Arts and Sciences for Women, Yenching College. Miss Bertha P. Reed: Principal of Union Bible Training School for Women. Miss Jessie E. Payne: Executive Secretary of Chihli-Shansi Christian Educational Association. Charles W. Young, M. D .: Professor in Peking Union Medical College. Mrs. Olivia D. Young. Rev. Ernest T. Shaw: In charge of Station Elementary Schools. Mrs. Harriet H. Shaw. Miss Katherine P. Crane: Girls’ Primary School. Miss Hazel F. Bailey: Social and evangelistic work. Miss Laura B. Cross; Miss Esther E. Nelson; Miss Maryette H .Lum ; Miss Louise E. Miske: Teachers in Bridgman Academy. Miss Grace M. Boynton; Miss Jean Dickinson: Teachers in Yenching College. Miss CleoraG. Wannamaker: Kinder­ garten Training School. Mr. Donald Tewksbury: Teacher of Educa­ tion, Peking University. Mrs. Helen P. Tewksbury. Miss Marion H. Chatfleld: Language study.

Tunghsien (1867). — Arthur H. Smith, D.D.: Missionary-at- large. Mrs. Emma D. Smith: Evangelistic work. Rev. William B. Stelle: Evangelistic work, Ching-Chao field. 0. Houghton Love, M. D.: Physican in charge of hospital and medical work. Mrs. Caroline M. Love. Rev. Harry S. Martin: Principal of Jefferson Academy. Mrs. Rose L. Martin. Rev. Dean R. Wickes: Evangelistic work in Ching- Chao field. Mrs. Fanny S. Wickes. Rev. James A. Hunter: Teaching in Jefferson Academy. Mrs. Maude B. Hunter. Miss Esther F. Moody: Language study and educational work. Miss Margaret A. Smith: Teacher in the Girls’ School. 108 The China Missions

Paotingfu (1873). — Rev. Elmer W. Galt: Educational work. Mrs. Altie C. Galt. Rev. Hugh W. Hubbard: Educational and Y. M. C. A. work. Mrs. Mabel E. Hubbard. Mrs. Abbie G. Chapin: Evangelistic and educational work for women. Miss Isabelle Phelps: Women’s evangelistic work. Miss MaryE. Andrews: Evangelistic work. Miss Grace M. Breck: In charge of girls’ schools.

Shantung District

Lintsing (1886). — Rev. Vinton P. Eastman: Oversight of Boys’ School and station work. Mrs. Florence C. Eastman. Miss Ethel M. Long; Miss Ruth E. Van Kirk: Educational work in Girls’ School. AlmaL. Cooke, M. D.: In charge of Women’s Hospital. Rev. Robert B. Whitaker: Evangelistic work. Mrs. Louise B. Whitaker.

Tehsien (1914). — (Pangchwang) (1880). — Rev. CharlesE.Ewing: Evangelistic and outstation work. Mrs. Bessie G. Ewing. Francis F. Tucker, M. D .; Mrs.EmmaB. Tucker, M. D .; Lois Pendleton, M. D .: Physicians in charge of the Williams and Porter Hospitals. Miss MyraL. Sawyer: Superintendent of Nurses’ Training School. Miss. E. Gertrude Wyckoff: Evangelistic work for women. Rev. Alfred D. Heininger: In charge of Porter Academy. Mrs. Erma K . Heininger. Rev. Harold S. Matthews: Language study; teaching. Mrs. Grace W. Matthews. Miss Alice C. Reed; Miss Mabel I. Huggins: Teachers in Girls’ School. Miss Elizabeth C. Turner: Evangelistic work.

Tsinan (1920). — Miss Luella Miner: Shantung Christian Uni­ versity, Dean of Women and teaching in Theological School. Rev. Lyman V. Cady: Shantung Christian University, professor in Theological school. Mrs. Muriel P. Cady.

Shanghai (Kiangsu) (1923). — Rev. Frank Rawlinson, D. D .: Editor, Chinese Recorder; Chairman of Committee of National Christian Council. Mrs. Florence L. Rawlinson.

Shansi District

Taiku (1882). — Willoughby A. Hemingway, M. D .: Physician in charge of Judson Smith Memorial Hospital. Mrs. Mary E. Hemingway Paul L. Corbin, D. D .: Country Evangelistic work. Mrs. Miriam The China Missions 109

L. Corbin. Rev. Wynn C. Fairfield: Vice-principal, Oberlin-Shansi Memorial Academy. Mrs. Daisie G. Fairfield. Rev. Philip D. Dutton: City Evangelistic work. Mrs. Helen W. Dutton. Mrs. Flora K. Heebner: Evangelistic work for women. Miss Alzina C. Munger: Principal of Girls’ Boarding School. Miss Alma M. Atzel: Miss Helen Dizney: Nurses in hospital; training of nurses.

Fenchow (1886). — Rev. Watts 0. Pye: General evangelistic and outfield work. Mrs. Gertrude Chaney Pye: Educational work. Percy T. Watson, M. D .: Physician in charge of hospital and medical work. Mrs. ClaraF. Watson: Women’s Industrial work. Clara A. Nutting, M. D .: Women’s Medical work. Miss Grace E. McConnaughey: Women’s evangelistic and educational work. Rev. Arthur W. Hum­ mel: Boys’ School work. Mrs. Ruth B. Hummel. Rev. Paul R. Reynolds: Religious education with young people. Mrs. Charlotte B. Reynolds. Jean A. Curran, M. D .: Medical work; language study. Mrs. Frances R. Curran: Language study. Mr. Winfield A. McLean: Business Manager for hospital. Mrs. Elizabeth H. McLean. Miss Katherine Reynold's: Language study; kindergartner. Miss Cora M. Walton: Evangelistic work, Women’s Bible School. Miss Josie E. Horn: Teacher in Girls’ School. Miss GertrudeE. Kellogg: Nurse and training of nurses in hospital. Miss Gertrude N. Wood: Station accounts and secretarial work.

On Furlough. — Rev. Lucius C. Porter; Mrs. Lillian D. Porter; Rev. Rowland M. Cross; Mrs. Adele T. Cross; Rev. Harold W. Robin­ son; Mrs. Mary S. Robinson; Rev. Earle H. Ballou; Mrs. Thelma H. Ballou; Mr. Albert C.Grimes; Mrs. Pauline A.Grimes; Mrs. M. Eliza­ beth Stelle; Rev. Henry S. Leiper; Mrs. Eleanor C. Leiper; Mr. Ernest W- Houlding; Mrs. Florence P. Houlding; Miss Vera M. Holmes; Miss Alice M. Huggins; Miss Anne B. Kelley; Miss Edith C. Tallmon; Miss MaryL. McClure; Miss Gladys M. Williams.

Associated with the Mission. — (Tientsin) Miss Elizabeth A. Eckert: Secretarial work. Miss Mabel G. Silsby: Office assistant. (Peking) Miss Constance L. Sargent: Secretary; Miss Helen L. Gunderson: Music teacher, Yenching College. (Tunghsien) Miss Ellen F. Ingram: Teacher in Jefferson Academy. (Paotingfu) Rev. and Mrs. Francis M. Price: Evangelistic work. (Lintsing) Miss Maude M. McGwigan: Nurse in hospital. (Tehsien) Mr. John Decker: 110 The China Missions

Teacher in Porter Academy; Rev. and Mrs.Emery W.Ellis: Assistants in hospital. Miss Grace 0. Jevne: Nurse. (Taiku) Mr. and Mrs. Albert C. Hausske: Business manager for hospital; Mr. Francis B. Hutchins: Teacher in Oberlin-Shansi Memorial Academy; Dr. Emily F. Rorer: Medical work. (Fenchow) Miss Helen A. McClure: Secretarial work for station. Mr. Larry Krause: English teacher in Boys’ School.

Ten missionaries have returned to their regular work and fourteen have come for furlough. Those expecting to come for furlough during 1924 are: Mr. and Mrs. Eastman; Mr. and Mrs. Heininger; Mr. and Mrs. Pye; Mr. Stelle; Mr. and Mrs. McCann; Miss Van Kirk; Miss Walton; Miss Kellogg; Miss Miske; Miss Bailey; Miss Buell and Mrs. Sheffield. Mrs. Wilder has joined her husband in Peking. Professor and Mrs. Philippe de Vargas are back in Peking University after a vacation in Europe. Mr. and Mrs. Leiper are remaining in this country for the present and he is acting as Assistant Secretary in the New York office. The quite unexpected death of Rev. Frank B. Warner on June 15,1923, in Oberlin, Ohio, removed two from the ranks, for Mrs. Warner has accepted a position in Oberlin. Miss Annie E. Lueders, Mr. and Mrs. Lucien Warner, Mr. Robert Shaw and Mr. Raymond Moyer have completed their terms of service in the Mission. Miss Anna Lane married Dr. Stanley B. Wilson of Peking, in 1923. We report the death of Mrs. Chauncey Goodrich in Peking on Novem­ ber 14, 1923. Of the missionaries who went out last year, Mr. and Mrs. Matthews and Miss Turner are at Tehsien, Dr. and Mrs. Siler at Tientsin, Miss M oody at Tunghsien and Miss Nelson temporarily at Tientsin. Rev. and Mrs. Emery W. Ellis, who were in America for several years, have returned to China to work in connection with the hospital in Tehsien. Mr. and Mrs. Ernest W. Houlding while on furlough in 1923 were given full appointment as missionaries of the Board. The new missionaries are Mr. and Mrs. Winfield A. McLean, connected with the hospital at Fenchow; Miss Katherine Reynolds, who will have charge of the kindergarten work in the same station; Miss Marion H. Chatfield in the language school in Peking Rev. Stephen R. Peabody is still in America and will not sail until the fall of 1924. The following have been appointed for special service for three years, or less: Miss Constance L. Sargent, and Miss Helen J. Gunderson, Peking; Dr. Emily F- Rorer; Fenchow; Miss Mabel G. Silsby, Tientsin. The China Missions 111

STATISTICS (1922).— Stations 7; outstations 188. Approximate population of the field 11,500,000. The missionaries: ordained 31; unordained 15; wives 46; single women 49; total missionaries 141; associate workers 18. The Chinese force: ordained workers 6; other unordained Christian workers: men 331, women 82; teachers, men 204; women 126; total Chinese workers 749. The Chinese Church: places of regular meeting 458; organized churches 116; communicants, male 8,687; female 2,913; total 11,600; net increase 1,479. Baptized non­ communicants; 4,682; others under Christian instruction 11,068; total constituency 27,350. Sunday Schools: 37 with a membership of 4722. The educational work: 7 normal, Bible and industrial training schools with 419 pupils; 1 college with 27 students; 6 middle schools with 844 pupils; 27 higher primary schools with 1,199 pupils; 125 lower primary schools with 4,882 pupils; 9 kindergartens with 205 pupils; 175 schools with 7,607 under instruction. The medical work: on the staff there are 11 foreign doctors and 5 foreign nurses; 11 Chinese doctors; 63 Chinese nurses; 18 other hospital helpers. Hospitals: 8 with 369 beds; 2,450 in-patients; operations of all kinds 2,513; dispensaries 13; patients 14,507; total treatments 59,464. In connection with the hospitals there are 2 training schools for nurses and 37 students. Con­ tributions for church work $7,271; for education $25,665: total con­ tributions $32,936.

SOUTH CHINA

Canton (1891). — Miss Edna Lowrey: Teacher in the Union Normal School.

On Furlough. — Rev. Obed S. Johnson; Mrs. VidaL. Johnson.

South China is no longer organized as a Mission, but the Board has three missionaries still in service. Miss Lowrey is now in Canton and Mr. and Mrs. Johnson are on furlough. Miss Ruth Mulliken, Miss Josephine Davis and Miss Helen Tow continue in Canton in the South China Girls’ School, but not under the Board.

STATISTICS (1921). — The statistics for this Mission are only an approximation. Stations 1; outstations 33; missionaries: or­ dained 1; wives 1; single women 1; total missionaries 3. The native force: ordained preachers 2; unordained preachers 24; teachers 44; 112 The China Missions other native workers 11; total workers 81. The church is represented in 34 places of regular meeting where there are 21 organized churches with 2,680 communicants; 117 added during the year; total constitu­ ency 3,335. There are 14 Sunday Schools with a membership of 633.

SUMMARY OF STATISTICS FOR CHINA

Stations 12; outstations 327; estimated population of field 15,000,- 000. The missionaries: ordained men 46; unordained 24; wives 69; single women 75; total missionaries 214; associate workers 19. The native force; ordained preachers 28; unordained preachers 426; teachers 645; other workers 180; total workers 1,279. The Chinese Church: places of regular meeting 619; organized churches 220; communicants 17,799; added during the year 1,735; total constitu­ ency 39,252; Sunday Schools 138 with a membership of 10,272. The educational work: 8 training and theological schools with 434 students; 3 colleges with 52 students from the Missions; 10 middle schools with 1,089 pupils; 287 primary schools with 11,309 pupils; 18 kindergartens with 479 pupils; total schools 326, and total under instruction 13,394. The native contributions not including South China: For Christian work $12,358; for education $42,741; for other purposes $2,191; total contributions $57,290. The medical work: Hospitals 16; dispensaries 21; patients 38,265; total treatments 115,648.

NORTH CHINA MISSION

The North China Mission has united the stations at Peking and at Tungchou, now practically a suburb of Peking, into one administrative center which in English has the hyphenated name of Peking-Tungchou but on the field is more shortly called Ching Chao Station.

War and Flood. The report for 1922 begins with reference to drought in the spring which ruined the wheat crop upon which the rural population depends for ready money. When the rains came they were so heavy that floods in many places destroyed a large part of the fall crop. In consequence, many were forced to leave home in search of work and the desperate problem of getting a living interfered, as ever, with the several lines of missionary work. The civil disorder is reflected in reports of life and work from all the North China field. Forty thousand retreating soldiers swept into one The China Missions 113 of the outstations in the course of a few days and smaller numbers into twelve others; the attention of preachers and churches was turned to the problem of protecting the women and children; the churches rose to the emergency splendidly and took the lead in organizing Red Cross work and refuges — none of which were molested by soldiers. The Chief of Police in one of these outstations started a society for the protection of women and children, with headquarters at the church. An ex-governor sent his family in from an out-lying village to gain this protection. It was reported by an officer that the town would be in the line of battle. The church betook itself to prayer. For five days special meetings were held. The troops advanced but the fighting took place miles away. In all the outstations wherever there was a Christian chapel, the local people looked to it as the safest place to be found. The United States flag was to these people a piece of magic and they flocked to it like moths to a lamp. Even the residents of Paotingfu, historically a military center, urged that the Mission compound be opened as a place of refuge for women and children when General Wu Pei Fu made the city his headquarters for the campaign against the Manchurian invaders. Fortunately it did not become necessary to use the accom­ modations thus arranged for. But the missionaries and their fellow Christians organized themselves into relief societies to see what could be done for the comfort of 2,000 wounded soldiers cared for at one time in the town. At Lintsing the disturbance took the form of increased banditry, the relaxing of control on the part of the government giving encourage­ ment to widespread outbreaks of lawlessness which created alarm and real danger. Much of missionary touring in this district had been a game of “ bandit dodging,” yet there was no actual danger for mission­ aries. The Chinese pastors and evangelists were deterred from ven­ turing far from their homes by uncertainty as to what might befall them. Fenchow, far to the west in Shansi, has had a like experience. It is reported that General Tso Lin, as a part of his campaign against General Wu Pei Fu, sent one of his lieutenants to North Shensi to incite banditry, in order to hold the few soldiers in that region and keep them from assisting General Wu. While the struggle between the armies did not last long, the evil influences set in motion have continued to exert themselves ever since. The robber bands have visited the frontier lines principally, not the 114 The China Missions interior districts in which missionary work had been established for some time. Apparently they have great respect for the church, particu­ larly the Protestant church. In no instance have churches or church workers been molested. Naturally, this fact has tended to increase the call for the establishing of church centers throughout the field. The chief magistrates in one or two centers are men who were in public office when the old Manchu troops were defeated by the Republicans and on disbanding became robber bands. At that time, out of the eight prefecture cities, Fenchow was the only one that escaped burning or looting. These officials learned the lesson. It was not so much that the bandits were highly appreciative of the Christian church in Fenchow, but that they found it impossible to lure the lower classes in that city to join them before making an attack as they had done in the case of other cities. While these masses had not allied themselves with the church, they had received.sufficient impress to resist any attempt to stir them up, so affirm these officials who are keen to secure the aid of the Christian movement in their new locations because of its contributions to law and order.

Gains in the Churches. Notwithstanding these disturbances, the work of evangelism, both in the centers and in the out-districts of these fields has advanced with remarkable strength this past year. Paotingfu reports 580 received into the church by baptism and 1.044 on probation, a gain of practically 40% in the baptized church member­ ship. There are now 103 places in the country field of Paotingfu where there are buildings or rooms for church services, and in 70 of these places regular Sunday services are held. In 68 other places Sunday services are held in private homes. An ordained man has now been secured for the country work and he was busy all the fall and winter helping in classes of inquirers. Two of the evangelists have been allowed a year of study in the theological school for leadership in this line. Both the men are college graduates who have had several years of experience in country preaching. It is hoped to keep up this plan and to send two men each year for advanced study. The country work of this district has been newly organized, so that each county has its own officers, councillors and deacons, and will have its own annual meeting, from which delegates will be appointed to attend the annual meeting of the district at Paotingfu. In this way evangelists may be able to turn more responsibility over to church members, and the Christians of each county will be united in a more The China Missions 115 efficient body and make a more rapid progress toward self-support and self-propagation. In the Tientsin District the year marked a new emphasis on country evangelistic work. During the autumn the long-desired country evan­ gelistic campaign was put into operation, with the assistance of a grant of $2,000 from the Milton Stewart Evangelistic Fund. The entire evangelistic stafi, both men and women, was engaged in the enter­ prise. Seven outstations were visited; meetings of every description were held, including lectures on hygiene, stereopticon lectures, both religious and secular, and special meetings for women and children. Nearly 30,000 people were reached; and the follow-up teams were nearly a week in each place, conducting Bible classes for those who signed cards indicating such a desire, classes that enrolled over 500. It was felt that the great gain of this campaign would be a much closer acquaintance arid co-operation among the country churches in their evangelism. Another significance event of the year in evangelistic history was the summer conference held during July under the auspices of the Tientsin Christian Union. Here for ten days nearly a hundred workers, men and women, laymen and trained evangelists, were brought together. The entire Mission staff was in attendance, with Dr. Stanley and Mr. Ballou as regular class leaders. Some attempt was made at this conference to make plain a little of the more liberal attitude toward the Bible and religious questions; and the response, in no group more marked than in the Congregational, tends to show that this effort was worth while. The notable evangelistic work in the Ching Chao field was that of the preaching band with its great tent. Ten days were spent at each of three outstations in the spring; a fourth would have been undertaken had not an outbreak of hostilities in that section been imminent. In the fall the band resumed work, spending a week in the outstation that had been omitted in the spring, and a like period in three other centers. As heretofore, Chinese and foreign missionaries, men and women, worked together in complete equality and hearty comradeship, much of the real leadership being taken by the Chinese members of the staff. Excellent audiences were gathered at these meetings. In some cases hearty welcome was given by leading merchants who prepared commo­ dious quarters for the workers and did their best to make them feel at home. Twelve outstation classes were held during the year in which 265 men and women received instruction, and there were classes for 116 The China Missions women only besides. Several young men walked three miles each way every day for nine days to attend the classes and took the keenest, interest in their studies; most of the instruction was given by a visiting leader, though in many cases a local preacher taught one or more courses. Most of the churches in this field have made progress in the matter of self-support in spite of the uncertainties of China’s situation and the disturbances. Four have trebled their contributions and three others have more than doubled their’s. One of the city churches is self- supporting, another is reducing its grant so as to reach self-support in four years. The difficulty faced is the lack of sufficient preachers and leaders; on account of this shortage, four men with no theological training whatever have been put in charge of outstations temporarily. Four men, seminary graduates, resigned, going to other work or other fields for various reasons; yet there were many signs of self-sacrifice and loyal devotion on the part of others. In view of the weakened staff, it is a matter for hearty thanksgiving that the additions to the churches during the year havebeen 20% greater than for the year before. The Ching Chao Christians had the wonderful experience of hearing “ Onward Christian Soldiers” and other Christian hymns sung by Chinese soldiers on the march, as the army of General Feng Yu Hsiang, 30,000 strong, came into that field. One brigade was stationed at Tunghsien and most of the rest some miles south of Peking. The officers, all professing Christians, sought the Mission’s help for their own religious development and for winning the enlisted men, of whom 490 were baptized Christmas day in a public park used for religious services. The brigadier-general in command, a man of unusual power as a Christian, has made his influence felt for Christ not only among his troops but in the churches where he has often spoken. The reduced staff at Lintsing limited the amount of country evangelistic work which could be done from that station during the first part of the year. The coming of the Whitakers to the station in the early fall brought opportunity for a tour over the country field, when twenty-two of the preaching centers were visited; in five of them were held ‘ ‘big meetings’ ’ as they are called in Chinese. Candidates were examined, and if found ready, were baptized and received into the church. Mr. Whitaker writes of the communion service which followed one such reception of members in an outstation some twenty-five miles from Lintsing: — “ It was high noon, a cold, blustering day in November, the wind blowing, and the whole service held out of doors because the The China Missions 117 church building would only seat forty when crowded to its utmost capa­ city, while the congregation numbered over 150. A two-hour service nearly froze to the bone the visiting missionary; yet the day was one never to be forgotten for its spiritual uplift. After the contact with the lives of the candidates, secured through the examination, and with keen realization of their condition, physical, intellectual and spiritual, one could not be indifferent to their look of exaltation, as they sung together their hymn of consecration — “ Oh, happy day that fixed my choice.” Christianity’s mission of social redemption to China is real and appealing, but this missionary records himself as feeling even more grateful for the personal faith which can conquer all circumstances while the day of social salvation is delayed. Tehsien Station also was interrupted in its evangelistic work by the depleting of the staff, part of the year. A marked strengthening of some of the churches was reported, due to the securing of strong pastors. Several preachers were able to attend the conference for Christian workers held in Tsinan in the summer; two or three deacons were sent also as the value of such weeks of special fellowship and training is clearly recognized. One forward step is the securing as field agent of a Chinese leader who can meet the problems at each center as he visits them, getting inside information as it is not easy for a foreigner to do; another, is an appeal to the churches for more definite and systematic support of the evangelistic work which the committee is conducting for them; some very encouraging responses have been received. It is disappointing that with the opportunities on every side and with five men in training soon to complete their theological courses, there are no funds to justify calling them to the field at present; it is devoutly hoped that by the time they are ready funds may be available. Something like a revival in spiritual realities is taking place in the Fenchow field. Several of the Christian Chinese leaders are doing original pieces of work in their stations. One of the pastors spent ten months of the year in hard touring work, taking classes for deeper Bible study with the new converts. Two other men have specialized in teaching their congregations hymns, so that those who are traveling along the road or at work in the field may be able to pass the time and interest themselves with singing, thus keeping before them their own personal position as Christians. The pastors and people of several of the churches are doing noble extension work, sometimes at a great sacrifice of time and strength. Campaigns for the addition of property 118 The China Missions have been carried on by many of the churches, evidencing the fact that they are rooted in their localities. All the churches after the second year of their establishment carry the local expenses of their work aside from the pastor’s salary. Special stress was laid the past year on every church developing among its membership a body of volunteer workers, the object being to bring about such a condition that the winning of new converts may be done largely by the rank and file of the church membership, leaving the time of the preacher for pastoral training and the instruction of the new converts thus won. Some notable success in this line was won. Systematic and careful survey and exploration of Fenchow’s wide western field was carried on with good effect, so that now there are but two or three small sections which have been left unexplored. The success which has been achieved in finding and developing pastors and teachers who would stand to their task in those distant regions, build­ ing up Christian communities and making the little chapel or church compound, with the Chinese flag and the church banner floating above its gateway, the livest place in the locality, is most gratifying to the heart of those who tour over this new and pioneer field. The work for women is emphasized both in its scope and value in the reports from all the stations of the North China field. It will be described more at length in the reports of the Woman’s Boards, by which it is more directly maintained, but it cannot be overlooked as one of the important factors for each station in the work of the year. So much depends upon the evangelizing and Christian training of the women, both for the Christianizing of the home, the equipment of the schools with proper teachers, and the lifting up of social and community life, that the quiet and inconspicuous activities of the Bible women, for example, are quite incalculable in their worth. In many cases the forces busy in the women’s work are united with the general workers, as in the case of Tientsin last year when, in a general campaign, the women, even to those in kindergarten work, joined the touring group and pressed their activities in the various places reached. In Tientsin, Lintsing and Peking, particularly, lines of industrial work for women have been opened which have given employment that proved really life-saving to groups of women in these cities, and that have gradually developed into industries that can be taken over as to management by the Chinese women themselves.

New Policy as to Country Schools.— The epochal report of the The China Missions 119

Commission on Education, sent out by the Mission Boards of the United States and Great Britain in 1921, is having its natural effect in the field of missionary education. Paotingfu reports that it has taken but little time to get some of their suggestions put into practice. One of the suggestions was to stress quality rather than quantity, so one of the country schools was closed and two others combined into a school of higher grade; there are now seven country schools for boys and two for girls with an enrolment of 268 boys and 72 girls. In the extreme southern part of the country field, a school with the approved six-year course was organized in place of two formerly held in that region . At Tientsin also, in order to do higher grade work in the city school, it was found necessary to reduce the amount spent in primary education in the country. To meet this difficulty, at the annual meeting a new educational policy was adopted, designed to secure larger financial support in the country localities where schools should be opened. The petitioning church or village must comply with the requirements of the policy if its request for a school is to be considered. Some losses may be entailed for a while, but increase in self-management and self- support seem to be outweighing the loss. Activities in the line of social and community work are reported on elsewhere. One realizes that the Christian movement in China today is set to serve all classes of people in all parts of their life, and by every avenue of light and help to body, mind and heart, that can be opened.

THE FOOCHOW MISSION

Determining Influences of the Year. — The National Christian Conference held at Shanghai in May, 1922, was the outstanding event of the year. Because of its size and scope (it brought together a thousand delegates representing all parts of China and almost all Mission Boards and Churches of China); because of the marked leader­ ship of Chinese Christians in its conduct and aims; because of the breadth of the subjects it considered, the character of the deliverances of its various commissions, the enthusiasm it developed and the furtherance it gave to the idea of the Church of Christ for China, it was literally an epochal event in the progress of the Christian movement in China. As a result the National Christian Council was formed; this prom­ ises to be of incalculable influence in holding the Christian forces together, co-ordinating their efforts, and guiding their development. 120 The China Missions

The influence of the meeting on the missionaries as well as on the Chinese Church was beyond measure. The Foochow representatives returned with a large vision of Mission work, repeating the keynote, “ Push forward Chinese leadership and put real power and adminis­ trative responsibility into the hands of the Chinese Church. The quicker this is done the quicker the Church will move forward finan­ cially, numerically and in spiritual power. Loose him and let him go.” Next to the Conference the civil war was the most determining influence of the year. Foochow College lost about two weeks during the fighting and difficulties did not vanish after school work was resumed. Holdups, maraudings, plunderings, kept teachers and schol­ ars alike in a constant state of anxiety and involved much extra work. Dr. Beard and Mr. Christian had to accompany the College cooks while they purchased a day’s food for the students, lest they be seized to become army carriers; all the rickshaw coolies were taken for this purpose by the 25,000 soldiers in the city, so that usual passenger transportation was held up for two months. There was a general exodus of terrified people from the city, an almost constant stream of fugitives passing the gate of the Wen Shan Girls’ School day and night for weeks at a time. Patrons of the school seemed glad to entrust their daughters to its protection though they removed themselves and their valuables to the country. The teachers of the school were devoutly thankful that they could keep the girls safe and at their tasks when the Government schools were seized and roughly used as soldiers’ barracks. The Chinese teachers kept steadily and calmly at their duties. The pastor of the School Church declared that keeping open the Girls’ School reassured the whole neighborhood. In Inghok the contrast between the single Mission Compound and its zone of safety with the panic and tumult in that city and the whole countryside, was even more vivid. Looting, forced labor, the exaction of huge sums of money drove the poor people to despair. Mr. Smith, the senior missionary at Inghok, in his, “The Second Mile with the Chinese Army” writes of his experiences in traveling from Inghok with the army marching southward from Foochow to the next large city some fifty miles across the mountains. He describes the tyranny and cruelty of military officials, the loss and suffering of the country through which they passed, and the misery of the men who were commandeered to do the work of the army and help carry its loads. It was for the sake of these men that Mr. Smith went along that he might protect them and be assured of their being released at the journey’s end to The China Missions 121

return to their homes. This last he did accomplish and secured the undying gratitude of these poor creatures as well as of their families from whom they had been torn away.

Light in the Darkness. — The story of the flocking of the terri­ fied people, high and low, rich and poor, adherents of the north or of the south, to the mission compound for protection as the opposing armies were driven back and forth, and the way in which the mis­ sionaries were able to render protection impartially and to both sides in the struggle, is a tale that prompts wonder and gratitude. It was an opportunity to demonstrate to the Chinese how much their mis­ sionaries cared for them and how they carried the interests of the people in their hearts. The Christian faith gave its clear light in the darkness; the Christian church became the one dependable and hope­ ful factor in the intolerable situation, and appeals came to it from Ing- hok City and from several outstations for aid in improving their local conditions. New doors of opportunity have opened on every side. The Board of Trade, the Educational Board, the Agricultural Society, the Boat Guild and the heads of the town of Ingtai sent a petition to the Governor asking that $2,000 of public funds be set aside permanently each year for the support of a higher school under American Board auspices The Governor immediately approved the petition. A Buddhist monastery adjoining mission property was offered as a building in which to start the school, in the spring of 1923. It will be the highest institution of learning in the district; students from all the Govern­ ment schools are to come to it for instruction; Mr. Donaldson is to have full charge of it, unhampered by any restrictions, Christian educa­ tion being thus carried on under a considerable Government subsidy. The medical resources of the Mission found in this civil war not onlv added burdens, but also fresh opportunity and advantage. The capacity of the hospitals was overtaxed. Statistics are given elsewhere in this Report. In Inghok, despite the absence of a trained physician, much was done during the invasion of soldiers towards helping their needs even to the housing in the Missionary home of from 50 to 200 guests at a time; this “ paid in the coin of friendship.”

Sacrificial Loyalty. — The return of Mr. Goertz to the field and his oversight of church life and pastoral counsel in Foochow City, brought fresh stimulus to the evangelistic work. The salaries of the 122 The China Missions preachers and pastors had been cut into when prices were mounting, and the people were being bled by militarists. But, realizing the burden Mr. Goertz was carrying, they came to him and said they were going to stand by the church; should there be no money the last three months of the year they would go without their salaries, happily. Ten years ago, they admitted, they might have resigned; they now feel that the church is their own; not the church of the missionary who hires the Chinese to work in it, but a body which belongs to them and for which they are responsible; they were going to see the work of their church through to success. Miss Wiley has had great success in the guidance and training of the 27 Bible women whom she gathers about her for Bible study and whose activities she directs. One of these women reports a whole family turning from their idols and accepting Christ. The mother of this family reported, with a shining face, how the children learned their verses. While the father was helping to boil the rice he shouted in a big voice, “ Thou shalt have no other gods before me.” Older brother would repeat the verse in his middle-sized voice and then little brother would say it in his tiny voice. In this way the family had learned the Ten Commandments, the Lord’s Prayer and John 3:16. Little sister could learn faster than mother and had to help her so that she need not fall behind in this family forward movement. Such stories, simple but intimate, revealing the close contacts and the direct influence exerted, give insight into the important work of these Bible women in the home. Many more workers are needed in the thousand villages allotted. Mr. and Mrs. Hubbard’s return to Diongloh stimulated the touring in that region where emphasis rests on the peace-making influence of this work. No preacher now takes a case to law for anyone without the advice of the Evangelistic Board. Most of the cases are settled without seeing an official at all. This in China where the people love to go to law is an impressive gain. Beyond question the church is claiming the moral, social and educational, as well as the spiritual, leadership of the district. The ranks of the preachers are being increased by new and more adequately trained men as graduates from •the boarding school, sent on for advanced training at Foochow or Nan­ king or Peking, come back to take a share in the common task. No Boy Scout or young men’s enterprise in America surpasses in significance the Boys’ Work carried on in Foochow by Mr. Reumann with his four part-time secretaries. Most impressive are the variety The China Missions 123

of plans and fertility of resource in developing boys’ and young men’s organizations and guiding their activities. The report for this Mission should not close without noting the passing from earth during this year, of Miss Elsie Garretson, just three days before her seventy-fifth birthday. Her beautiful life and her long and efficient service are henceforth one of the treasures of the Mission’s memory. THE SHAOWU MISSION

A Reign of Terror. — The year 1922 was abnormal in the history of the Shaowu Mission. It began much after the usual fashion, though with such absences on furlough from its limited staff as made difficult the distribution and conduct of the work. But in the summer there swept over the valley the most fearful flood that has taken place for a hundred years. It destroyed the small homes and industries of the poor, tore down the walls of some of the Mission property and demolished part of the Men’s Hospital. Scarcely was that terror past than a deluge of 20,000 southern soldiers poured into and out of the city, to be followed by an army of northern soldiers who were not driven out till the close of the year. Looting and commandeering of supplies and labor disorganized and terrified the people generally throughout the Shaowu field.

The Ministry of Relief. — Despite the distress and damage wrought by these invasions, some real benefits resulted. Under the leadership of Christian preachers who revealed latent qualities good to behold, Red Cross Societies sprang up in the larger centers. Mr. M c­ Clure, writing during a tour, noted that over a hundred patients a day were being treated free of charge at the chapel he was visiting just then, the local Chinese providing the medicines and the salary of the worker. Other Red Cross units he visited were doing splendid work. The Chinese themselves were responsible for both the plans and execu­ tion of these works of mercy, and besides the local enterprises sent some $1,500 to the Central Red Cross Association in Shanghai. The soldiers, who in China are accustomed to being regarded as brigands and to receiving scant pity when sick or wounded, were greatly impressed by this unusual treatment and in return showed consideration to Christians. This gracious ministry has won the church the trust of scores and hundreds of inquirers who look to it as the only stable thing in all their smitten world. 124 The China Missions

Another good result of this incursion into the mountainous province of Shaowu with its multitude of dialects, is the forced acquirement of the national language, the Mandarin. Indisposition to change, and contentment with the local dialect are quite shaken when, if one fails to understand a question or demand, he has a gun pointed at him; “ so it behooves even the aged cake bakers and the provincial inn keepers to be able to understand and answer when spoken to.” People are rapidly learning the national language and therewith extending the bounds of their vision and ideas. It is interesting to note that so many of the soldiers, having come in contact with Christian workers in their native villages or on their travels, know about Christianity and respect it; indeed, many of them claim to be adherents of the church.

Touring. — During the first half of the year the temporary closing of Han Mei Academy made it possible for missionaries to do 'quite extensive touring over the Shaowu field. Mr. McClure reported cover­ ing 1,550 miles, mostly on straw sandals; rowboats, rafts and sedan chairs easing the other miles; seventeen weeks were thus spent in the country, living on the country food, keeping as close as possible to the people in their life and needs, and developing a fine spirit of good fellow­ ship. Mr. Storrs’ tours included visiting 30 churches and 10 out- stations and the holding of a four-day Bible Institute which brought over 50 church leaders together for instruction and fellowship.

Progress in the Churches. — The churches are moving steadily forward toward self-support. The novel plan is followed of having each church raise $5 more each year toward their preacher's salary; one church advanced $20, several others $10. With like spirit the leaders in the churches are assuming responsibility both for evangeliza­ tion and for administration. Missionaries take pleasure in sitting in sessions with the Executive Committee of the Chinese Churches; members show real devotion to their tasks and are doing much con­ structive work; the inadequate number of foreign workers in the Mis­ sion is developing qualities of leadership on the part of the Chinese. The annual meeting of the Mission provided a retreat for the preachers; the outstanding feature of this was an expressed desire to link up with the new Union Church of Christ. This Union will include probably all or nearly all of the churches previously associated with the Presbyterian, the American Board, London, and American Reformed Missions, and perhaps other groups. The China Missions 125

Kienning Station Opened. — 1922 marked the opening of the second station of the Shaowu Mission, Kienning, the fulfilment of hopes and plans that have been formed for several years. In February the Misses Funk and Meebold went to Kienning to locate there, to operate a girls’ school and dispensary, and to do evangelistic work for women and girls in the western half of the Shaowu Mission. Good beginnings were made and some unexpectedly large and effective work was done. In the fall, through the kindness of Dr. Bliss, a dairy was started, so that the hospital might have a milk supply for its patients, and the Chinese taught the use of it as a food and a remedy.

Educational Progress. — Steady growth in the influence on the life of the pupils in the Mission schools, and through them on the life of their families and communities is recognized. In the words of Mrs. Job Chin, one of the first pupils in Shaowu, “ Twenty-three years ago not a woman or girl in this whole district could read the Bible or sing, and now in over a hundred towns and villages are small groups of women an d girls singing and reading their Bibles, to say nothing of the nurses, doctors and teachers doing work in this and other provinces.” “ In 1902,” writes Miss Frances K. Bement, “ it was almost impossi­ ble to get $100 for education for women and girls in Shaowu. In 1922 over $400 was spent in Shaowu for such education, in spite of floods, war and poverty. This sum helped one girl to go to college in Amer­ ica, two to college in Peking, one in Nanking and others elsewhere, besides those studying on the field.”

Widening of the Field of Medical Service. — “The number of patients treated,” remarks Dr. Bliss, “ gives a very imperfect idea of the service rendered by a hospital to a community. For example, the number visiting dispensaries fifty years ago was larger than that reported last year. The explanation of this is the number of private drug stores and the hospital drug store which have become the out­ growth of our missionary work. The decrease really means a healthy development, and reveals the widening of the field of service.” Scarcely had the damage caused by the flood been repaired when the fighting between the armies of the North and South with Shaowu as its center filled the Men’s Hospital with wounded soldiers. Bitter winter weather made the task of caring for them harder but all the patients made a good recovery and were most appreciative of what was done for them. “ If they were not Christian they would never do 126 The China Missions this for an enemy,” remarked a bystander as he watched the Chinese assistants, southern in their sympathies, working hard to save the life of a northern soldier. The work in connection with rinderpest and inoculation to which Dr. Bliss has made so notable a contribution is now producing its results. The herds connected with the Hospital have been made immune to this plague, widespread and deadly in that part of China, and the Mission dairy has been a great benefit to the people generally.

The Agricultural Department. — The Agricultural Experiment Station has made great progress in spite of many and great obstacles during its five years of operation. This year the new experiment of raising sugar-cane was added and enough was accomplished to show its value and promise. In addition to the direct work of the Department, Mr. Riggs acted as Chief of Police for all the small villages around his Experiment Station. With this physical protection of the people, with teaching in the Government High School and Han Mei Academy, and with evangelistic work in connection with the South Gate Church, the field of service of both Mr. and Mrs. Riggs was greatly enlarged. The failing of Dr. Walker’s health shadowed the first part of the year; he died in June at Foochow. Furloughs and language study or medical study at Peking involved changes and transfers of work and of field within the Mission. The anticipation of additions to the staff, the record of which will fall within the year 1923, fed purpose and resolve on the part of the overworked mission circle.

SOUTH CHINA In accordance with announcement made in last year’s report, the year 1921 saw the virtual dissolution of the South China Mission. In 1922 the American Board continued work in that section, but entirely through co-operative organizations. Rev. Obed S. Johnson, its representative, was maintained in the Union Theological College; grants in aid were made for the Union Middle School, for student scholarships, for current expenses of the Union Theological College, and for the evangelistic work throughout the city and the district, through the Co-operative Committee on Evangelism organized in Canton. It is too early to report precisely as to the success of this experiment in thoroughgoing co-operative or union work, but it is gratifying to feel that, without its distinctive Mission organization or its own staff of workers, the American Board can contribute to the extension of the The China Missions 127

Kingdom of God and the building up of the Church of Christ in China through sharing in union movements. The development of this experiment will be keenly watched from year to year. Institutions of the China Missions

Educational and Social

Canton: Union Normal School. Founded 1915 by four mission boards, the W. B. M. I. being one of these. It has a three-year course. Miss Edna Lowrey, Principal.

Canton: Union Theological College. Founded 1913 by 12 missions and governed by Directors from 8 missions. It is of univer­ sity grade. Departments: Bible School; Divinity School. Buildings: One Union Dormitory. Rev. J. S. Kunkle of Presbyterian Board, Presi­ dent; Rev. Obed S. Johnson, American Board member of the staff. Enrolment 45.

Diongloh: Abbie B. Child Memorial School* (Foochow Mis sion). Founded 1897 by Mrs. George H. Hubbard. Departments: Higher Primary; Lower Primary. Board and tuition, $36. Buildings: Two Chinese houses used as dormitories; 1 foreign building used as ladies’ residence, now used as a recitation building. Miss Annie Louise Kentfield, Principal. Enrolment 68; 6 of the last 8 graduates entered High School.

Diongloh: Boys’ Academy. Founded by Rev. George H. Hubbard and Rev. F. P. Beach. Grade: High School. Support of student, $25 a year. Buildings: A small one-story building was torn down in 1923 to make place for a new building, now under construction, $5,000 having been given by the Church of the Redeemer, New Haven. Rev. William H. Topping, Principal. Enrolment 64.

Diongloh: Women’s Boarding Station Classes.f Founded 1897 by Rev. George H. Hubbard. Grade: Primary. Each student meets her own expenses. Buildings: One good sized rented Chinese house. Mrs. Hubbard, Principal. Enrolment 18.

♦Institutions marked with an * are supported, or in the case of coeducational and union schools, partly supported, by the Woman’s Board of Missions; institutions marked with a t by the W oman’s Board of Missions of the Interior; institutions marked with a J by the W oman’s Board of Missions for the Pacific. 128 The China Missions 129

Fenchow: Atwater Memorial School (North China). Founded 1904 in memory of Ernest Richmond Atwater who was killed during the Boxer uprising. Departments: Primary School; Grammar School. Board and tuition, $20. Buildings: Ten buildings in Chinese style. Mr. Kao Jan, Principal. Enrolment 230. Fenchow: Catherine S. Harwood Theological and Bible Train­ ing School. Founded by the Shansi Mission of the A. B. C. F. M. in 1913. Endowment of $40,000 given by Mr. Harwood in memory of his wife; he has given two buildings also. Departments: Men’s Department; Woman’s Bible School. Buildings: Recitation and Administration Hall; Dormitory; 2 courts of Chinese buildings for men; 3 very lairge courts of Chinese buildings for women — 27 one- two-and-three roomed; large new Administration Building erected 1923 for the Woman’s Bible School. Total enrolment 176. Men’s Department: Board and tuition, $30. Mr. Ch’ng Chih T ’ien, Principal. Enrolment 83. Woman’s Bible School.f Founded 1913 by Grace E.McConnaughey. Departments: Preparatory; Lower Primary; Higher Primary. Board and books, $20. Miss Cora May Walton, Principal. Enrolment 93. Fenchow: Lydia Lord Davis School for Girls.f Founded in the 1880s by Mrs. Davis; reopened after Boxer troubles in 1909 by Mrs. Gertrude Chaney Pye. Departments: Primary; Secondary; Kindergarten. Board and tuition, $17 to $25. Buildings: One con­ taining dormitory and recitation rooms; bathhouse; laundry. Miss Josie E. Horn, Principal. Enrolment 125. Fenchow: Middle School for Boys. Founded 1914 by Rev. Watts O. Pye and Dr. Percy T. Watson. Grade: Second­ ary School with courses in Arts and Science and the beginnings of a Commercial Course. Board and tuition, $25. Buildings: Recitation Building; Dining Hall; 2 dormitories. Principal, Mr. Y. C. Chang. Enrolment 180. Foochow College. Founded 1853 by Justus Doolittle in Pona- sang; reopened in Foochow City in 1864 under Rev. Simeon Woodin. Moved to its present location, 1888; in 1890 one man was set apart to develop it: its name was changed to Foochow College in 1898. It is just within the city wall and three miles from the foreign settlement. Departments: Middle School; Preparatory; Primary. Board and tuition, $80. 130 The China Missions

Buildings: Cowan Hall — first on present site; Lincoln Hall (1899); Administration Building (1901); two-others built since 1903. Two old Chinese buildings are in use temporarily, and last year a good Chinese one-story house, 74 x 85, was bought. Rev. Willard L. Beard, D.D., President. Enrolment 548. This year the Middle School course was raised from a two-year to a three-year course.

Foochow: Davis Memorial Kindergarten.* Founded about 1907 by Miss Jean Brown. Departments: Normal Class for kinder­ garten teachers; Practice Kindergarten. Cost per student, $10 a year for Training Class; $3 for children. Buildings: One Chinese house, adapted by throwing side rooms into main section. Mrs. Leonard J. Christian, Principal. Enrolment: Training Class 10, Children 30.

Foochow: Fukien Christian University. Organized 1915 by the American Board and three other Missions. Departments: College of Arts and Sciences; Normal Course for Teachers of Chinese. Tuition $50 (not including laboratory fees), Board $100. Buildings: Seri­ culture Building; 1 single and 1 double residence; another double residence, a dormitory and a classroom building are in process of construction. Rev. Edwin C. Jones, President; the American Board professors on the faculty are Roderick Scott, Rev. Frederic P. Beach and Rev. Clarence A. Neff. Enrolment 130.

Foochow: Union Christian Women’s School of Industrial Arts.f In process of being organized at the request of the three missions in Foochow. Mrs. Leonard J. Christian and Miss Emily Hartwell are two of the four members of the Board of Managers.

Foochow: Union Kindergarten Training School.% Founded 1915 by a Union Board of Managers, three each from the American, Methodist and Anglican Boards. Departments: Normal School; Practice School. Board and tuition, $20. Buildings: the first build- ing, gift of Miss Caroline Mitchell of California and part of the W. B. M. P. Jubilee Campaign, was finished in 1923 and is used for classrooms, dormitory, kindergarten, and teachers’ residence. Miss Bertha H. Allen, Principal. Enrolment 15 in Normal School, 55 in Kindergarten. The China Missions 131

Foochow: Union Theological School. Founded 1911 by the American Board, Methodist Board and C. M. S. Departments: Collegiate — two years for high school graduates; Regular — four years for those with two years of high school; Bible. Buildings: One building loaned by the Methodist Mission containing chapel, library, classrooms, and dormitory for 100 students. Mr. Y. S. Ling, Presi­ dent, Rev. Samuel H. Leger, American Board member of the Faculty. Enrolment 72, of whom 16 are from the American Board Mission.

Foochow: Union Vernacular Middle School.* Founded 1912 by the American Board and Methodist Missions, Rev. W. L. Beard and L. Hodous prime movers in the project. Grade: Secondary School. Board and tuition, $60. New land was bought this year for building. Rev. A. W. Billing, Principal (M. E. Mission); Rev. George N. Newell, American Board representative on the Faculty. Enrolment 69.

Foochow: Wenshan Girls’ School.* Situated in Ponasang, a suburb of Foochow City. Founded 1863 by Mrs. Justus Doolittle. Departments: Secondary School; Primary School; Kindergarten. Bo&rd and tuition, $50. Buildings: Administration Building; Lower Primary School Building; Middle School Building (1902); Higher Primary Building (1904-1922); Gymnasium (1921); new section was added to the Higher Primary Building in 1922, providing classrooms and dormitory. Miss Elizabeth S. Perkins is Principal of the Middle School, Miss Eunice T. Thomas of the Primary School. Enrolment 221, of whom 52 were in the High School, 82 in the Higher Primary, 32 in the Lower Primary, and 55 in the Kindergarten. Of the four High School graduates two have become teachers and one is going on to the Peking Medical School. A new primary boarding department has been opened the past year to provide for girls living where there are no primary day schools.

Ingtai: Boys’ Academy (Foochow Mission). Founded 1904 by Rev. Edward H. Smith. Departments: Secondary School; Primary School. Board and tuition, $37, Mexican. Buildings: Woodin Memorial Chapel; Huntington Memorial Hall; Dormitory and class­ rooms costing $5,000 built the past year as a memorial to George I. True. Rev. Fred. F. G. Donaldson, Principal. Enrolment 102. 132 The China Missions

Ingtai: Girls’ School, f Founded 1905 by Caroline E. Chitten­ den. Grade: Primary. Board and tuition, $24 Mexican. Build­ ings: One; scliool, dormitory, and foreign residence in one. This year the first two grades were removed to the former hospital building to allow room for growth. Miss Lucy B. Lanktree, Principal. Enrolment 44.

Kienning: Girls’ School, f (Shaowu). Founded 1918 by Miss Grace A. Funk. Grade: Primary. Board and tuition, $20. Build­ ings: Two rented Chinese houses; land was purchased in 1923 for permanent buildings. Miss Funk, Principal. Enrolment 55.

Lintsing: Boys’ Boarding School (North China). Established as a boarding school in 1903 by F. M. Chapin. Grade: Primary, with Industrial Department. Board and tuition, $15 gold. Buildings: Recitation Building with assembly room, 4 classrooms and Principal’s office; Dormitory large enough for 70 but twice that number are crowded into it. Rev. Ernest W. Houlding, Principal; Rev. Vinton P. Eastman has been Acting Principal. Enrolment 160.

Lintsing: Industrial School for Women. Started about 1913 by Mrs. E. W. Ellis. The work has been kept going by Chinese capital under the supervision of Mrs. Vinton P. Eastman. During famine years Mrs. Houlding added an Embroidery Department to the Tatting School. In 1922 it was taken over almost entirely by the Chinese, the Mission assisting with the sales. Daily classes in reading and Bible study are held. The one church school has become three. Results: Several women educated in organization and business methods; two hundred women provided with food and clothing and taught the gospel every day; and a great increase in Sunday congrega­ tions.

Lintsing: School of Many Friends.f Founded 1895 by Mrs. Wagner and Mrs. Chapin; boarding department started 1907 by Miss Ellis, now Mrs. H. W. Hubbard. Grade: Primary, with an Industrial Department. Board and tuition, $50 Mexican. Buildings: One one- story school building; 4 Chinese style buildings for dormitories; kitchen; laundry. Miss Ethel M. Long, Principal. Enrolment 60. In the Industrial Department, 36 girls work half a day and study half a day. The China Missions 133

Paotingfu: Annie Gould Memorial School* (North China). Founded by Miss Mary Morrill long before the Boxer uprising; named for her fellow-martyr when the work at Lintsing was re-established. Departments: Primary School; Kindergarten; the latter really separate and’ supported by special gifts. Board and tuition, S35. Buildings: Good one-story Chinese style buildings, including a large school room, two recitation rooms, dormitory for 70; reception room, dining room, kitchen, bath. Miss Grace M. Breck, Principal; Miss Abbie G. Chapin, Acting Principal during Miss Breck’s furlough the past year. Enrolment 86.

Paotingfu: Boys’ Boarding School. Departments: Secondary School; Primary School. Board and tuition $36. Buildings: Three dormitories ; 4 buildings for classrooms ; 1 for dining and assembly hall ; of these, one classroom building and one dormitory were built in 1922. Mr. Jen Shon P’eng, Principal. Enrolment 170. The past year the first year of a Junior High School was introduced ; it is hoped another may be added soon. In order further to raise the standard of the school some of the teachers were sen t during the vacation to attend a summer school in Peking. A first-class teacher of Chinese classics was also secured.

Paotingfu: Mary Morrill Woman’s School.* Founded 1922 by the Station workers. Grade: Primary, with extra Bible work. Buildings: Chinese buildings formerly used by the boys’ school were bought and renovated. Miss Abbie C. Chapin, Principal. Enrol­ ment 30.

Peking: Bridgman Academy (North China). Founded 1864 by Mrs. E. C. Bridgman; Academy proper founded 1895. Grade: Secondary School with a four-year course. Board and tuition, $40 a year. Buildings: One large two-story School Building with accommo­ dations also for three or four lady teachers; one two-story dormitory housing about 120. Mr. H. Y. Kwan, Principal — 1922 was the first year the school has had a Chinese principal. American staff: Misses Anne Kelley, Laura Cross, Louise Miske, Esther Nelson. Enrol­ ment 174.

Peking: Girls’ Primary Boarding School.f Departments: Primary and Secondary Schools. Board and tuition, $10 to $65. 134 The China Missions

Buildings: One two-story foreign building used as a dormitory; seven Chinese buildings. Miss Katherine P. Crane, Principal. Enrol­ ment 235.

Peking: Union Bible Women’s School.* Founded 1914 by a committee of women of different missions, Miss Miner taking the lead. Courses: one-year, two-year, and three-year, courses. Board and tuition, $40 a year. Members of our Mission on the staff: Miss Bertha P. Reed, Principal; Mrs. Eleanor W. Sheffield, Miss Mary E. Andrews, Miss Hazel F. Bailey. Enrolment 43. A two-year course for younger women was inaugurated last fall.

Peking: Union Language School. Founded about 1910 by the London Mission; reorganized on Union basis about 1914. Rev. Howard S. Galt, American Board representative on the Faculty; W. B. Pettus, Principal. Enrolment 238.

Peking University. Reorganized 1918 by the American Board, Presbyterian Board,London Mission and Methodist Episcopal Mission. Departments: College of Arts and Science for Men; College of Arts and Science for Women (Yenching College); School of Theology; Department of Leather Manufacture; Department of Agriculture; Department of Business Training. Board and tuition, $50. Buildings: Ten in process of construction on the new site at Hai-Tien, 5 miles northwest of Peking. Rev. J. Leighton Stuart, D. D., President. American Board Mis­ sion representatives on the Faculty 1922-23: Rev. Lucius C. Porter, Dean of the College for Men; Mrs. Alice Brown Frame, Dean of Yenching College; Dr. T. T. Lew, Dean of School of Theology; Miss Jean Dickinson, Miss Grace Boynton, Miss Jessie E. Payne, Miss Anna Lane (now Mrs. Stanley Wilson), Rev. Howard S. Galt, Philippe deVargas, Donald G. Tewksbury. Enrolment 448: College men 328; College women 93; Theological students 28. Yenching College* was founded 1905 by Dr. Luella Miner. Departments: Normal; Pre-Medical; Arts. Board and tuition, $95 Mexican.

Peking: Yu Ying School. Founded about 1902 by Dr. W. S. Ament. Departments: Lower Primary, 4 years; Higher Primary, 3 years. Plans are under way for reorganizing on the basis of China’s The China Missions 135 new school system; the result will be a six-year Elementary School and three-year Junior Middle School. Board and tuition, $15 to $30. Buildings: One one-story school building, formerly a chapel; 1 two-story school building; 1 two-story dormitory; 3 groups of 8 small one-story Chinese buildings. Mr. J. S. Li, Principal. Enrolment 450.

Publications: In Fenchow are published The Fenchow, The Monthly Bible Study Magazine, and Fenchow Church Quarterly. In Foochow are published The Foochow Messenger thrice a year, and Foo­ chow Loose Leaves, a quarterly issued by the College. Shaowu pub­ lishes The Stiaowu Bulletin, a quarterly. In Taiku appears the semi-annual Oberlin-in-Shansi. In Tientsin appear an English quar­ terly, Here and Now, and a Chinese monthly bulletin, Yueh Kan. Recently the American Board took over the support of Rev. Frank Rawlinson of Shanghai, editor of the Chinese Recorder, one of the best magazines published on the mission field. Since 1918 the number of subscriptions has increased 42%. He edits the China Mission Year Book, is editor-in-chief of the report of the National Christian Conference and prepares articles for the Survey.

Shaowu: Bible School for Men. Founded in the nineties by Rev. J. E. Walker, D.D. Grade: Secondary School with three-year course. Buildings: Two-story brick building erected 1922 with special gift funds from friends of its Principal, Rev. E. 0. Kellogg. The school was suspended during his furlough the past year.

Shaowu: Elizabeth Sheldon Lombard School, f Founded 1899 by Miss Frances K. Bement. Departments: High School; Grammar School; Primary School; Kindergarten. Board and tuition, $15 to $25. Buildings: One two-story brick building, 90x45; 1 two-story plaster building, 30x30; 1 open gymnasium. Miss Bement, Principal. Enrolment 104. Health campaigns have been held in ten different centers by some of the faculty and students. Special Normal training was given, with a Model Practice School and Peking University and Fukien University graduates as teachers.

Shaowu: Han Mei Middle School. Founded 1901 by Dr. J. E. Walker and Miss J. C. Walker. Departments: Middle School and Higher Primary, corresponding to the American High and Grammar schools. Board and tuition $16 and $17.50. Buildings: One Main 136 The China Missions

Building; 2 small brick dormitories; brick gate-house, 1922. Rev. Charles L. Storrs, Principal. Enrolment 103. The spring term omitted last year gave the opportunity for opening the school year in September. Floods brought down half of the walls, part of gate-house and small building but left dormitories and main building untouched.

Shaowu: Walker Memorial School, f Founded 1904 by Miss Josephine Walker. Grade: Primary School. Board and tuition, $15 to $25. Buildings: Two small brick dormitories; 1 small brick building for classes. Miss W'alker, Principal. During the past year Mrs. Chang Keu Fong was Acting Principal. Enrolment 15 beside kindergarten.

Social Service: In Diongloh is a local branch of the Fukien Moral Welfare Association, founded by the church in 1921. It inaugurates big movements: anti-gambling, anti-opium, thrift, and other campaigns. A Student Service Club founded 1922 by the Academy takes part in these movements. In Fenchow the Crane Memorial Community House was founded 1920 by Miss Katherine Crane. It has a public playground, game rooms, classrooms, Bible and English classes, a library which the Board of Education has asked to house city records and old and valu­ able editions, and a reading room which fills a great need, for daily newspapers are beyond the means of the average citizen. Rev. and Mrs. William R. Leete in charge 1922-23. In Foochow, a Community Center was established by Dr. Ling in 1922. Day and evening schools are taught here. In Ingtai, the Sing Kan City Community House was founded in 1922. It has evening schools, athletics, public baths, lectures, read­ ing rooms, and primary school work. The Arthur Brayton Memorial Building was erected during the past year. The Boys’ Academy has a Social Service Club besides. In Paotingfu, Broaden-Your-Knowledge Court,* founded 1914 by Miss Isabelle Phelps, has a day-school, lectures, social work, tatting school, and a boarding school for married women which has an enrol­ ment of thirty women coming from twelve counties; wives of officials and government school teachers have applied for admission. As there are only ten Biblewomen in the Paotingfu field with its 5,000,000people, the work the school is doing is greatly needed. Some pupils of this school go on to the Union Training School in Peking. The China Missions 137

In Peking, a Social Service League, founded 1917 by the Yenching College girls, runs a half-time school for poor children and teaches part time in other schools. The Woman’s Industrial Center, conducted by the wives of the Faculty, employs 100 poor women. A Home for Destitute Chinese Women, a Home for Aged Men, and shelters for jinrikisha coolies were largely under the direction of Mrs. Chauncev Goodrich up to the time of her death in November, 1923.

Taiku: Alice Williams Schoolf (North China). Founded 1916 by Miss Flora K. Heebner for the purpose of training married women. Grade: Primary School. Board and tuition, $30. Buildings: One Assembly and classroom building; 2 Dormitories; 1 "U tility ” building. Miss Heebner, Principal. Enrolment 30.

Taiku: Oberlin-Shansi Memorial Academy. Founded 1890 as a primary school; became a high school under the Oberlin-Shansi Memorial Association in 1907. Departments: Junior College; Secondary School; Primary School; Kindergarten. Students’ fees, $27. Buildings: 31 Chinese buildings and a new modern recitation building, the Hawley Memorial. Mr. H. H. Kung, a graduate of the original school and of Oberlin and the rebuilder of the enterprise after the Boxer troubles, is Principal; Rev. Wynn C. Fairfield, Vice Principal. Mr. Francis B. Hutchins was sent out by the students of Oberlin as their second short-term teacher. Enrolment 252. This greatly enlarged enrolment, kindergarten work begun under the auspices of the alumni, and the coming of Mr. Hutchins were the noteworthy events of the school year.

Taiku: Precious Dew Girls’ Boarding School, f Founded 1904 by Mrs. W. L. Hemingway and Mrs. Atwood. Departments: Two years’ Normal Course; Secondary School; Primary School; Kinder­ garten. Board and tuition, $50. Buildings: One-story brick Main Building; one-story brick Dormitory with two wings. Miss Alzina C. Munger, Principal. Enrolment 71 in boarding school, 32 in Kinder­ garten.

Tehsien: Grace Wyckoff Memorial School f (North China). Founded 1892 by Miss Grace Wyckoff. Grade: Primary School; Junior Middle School. Board and tuition, $16. Buildings: Five; a dormitory and gate-house were erected last year, Miss Mabel Hug­ gins, Principal. Enrolment 85. 138 The China Missions

Tehsien: Porter Middle School. Founded 1898 by Dr. Henry D. Porter as Ch’ung Cheng Middle School; moved to Tehsien in 1915 and name changed; it is the center of the Grinnell-in-China work. Grade: Secondary School; in 1922 it entered on a five-year program of development with one preparatory class in addition. Tuition $10, board $20. Buildings: Assembly Hall, three-storied, with classroom, dining room and laboratory; 2 two-story dormitories accommodating 100,1 built 1922 accommodating24; Teachers’ Residence; bath house. Rev. Alfred D. Heininger, Principal. Enrolment 149. The boys have four literary societies; Mr. John A. Decker gives them a fine training in athletics and for leadership in games; the Student Volun­ teers teach Sunday Schools or half-day common schools in nearby villages; some teach Daily Vacation Bible Schools. Porter exchanges teachers with the Grace Wyckoff School.

Tientsin: Boys’ Boarding School (North China). Founded 1870 by Rev. Charles A. Stanley, Sr. Departments: Primary School; Secondary School. Board and tuition, $35. Buildings: Recitation Hall, Dining Hall; dormitories inadequate in number and capacity. Rev. Charles A. Stanley, Jr., Principal. Enrolment 106.

Tientsin: Look-up-to-the-Mountain School.* Founded 1863 by Mrs. Charles A. Stanley, Sr., hence sometimes called the Stanley Memorial School. Its site is at Hsiku with a branch at Hopei. Departments: Lower and Higher Primary with a Kindergarten at Hopei. Board and tuition, $42. Buildings: At Hsiku 1 five-roomed recitation building and 2 smaller; 2 one-story dormitories — all old. At Hopei a small kindergarten building shared with the church and a two-story residence used as school. Miss Constance Buell, Principal. Enrolment: Hsiku 106, Hopei primary 48, Kinder­ garten 15. A Y.W.C.A. was organized during the year.

Tsinan: Shantung Christian University (Union). Founded 1904 by ten missionary organizations. The American Board began to co-operate in 1923. Departments: College of Arts and Science (with Pre-Medical Department); School of Medicine; School of Theology. In 1923 negotiations were consummated for the amalgamation of the North China Union Medical College for Women with the School of Medicine. Board and tuition, $150 local currency. Buildings: The past year the Augustine Memorial Library was dedicated; the McCor­ The China Missions 139

mick Administration Hall opened; and the Kumler Memorial Chapel and a new home for the Chinese women nurses erected. Rev. Lyman V. Cady and Miss Luella Miner are the American Board’s Mission representatives on the Faculty of the School of Theology, which was founded in 1885, moved to Tsinan in 1917, and had an enrolment the past year of 45; and Dr. James Ingram and Miss Jessie E. Payne were on the staff of the Medical College for Women, enrolment 23. Total enrolment of the University 297.

Tunghsien: Charles E. Jefferson Academy (North China). Founded 1867 as a primary school by Dr. L. D. Chapin; developed into an academy 1874 by Dr. D. Z. Sheffield and later into a college. The buildings of the school were entirely destroyed by the Boxers in 1900. Two years later new buildings were erected on the present site. The college developed into the North China Union College and was federated with Peking University in 1917, moving to Peking 1918. In 1919 the name Charles E. Jefferson was given to the academy in honor of the pastor of the Broadway Tabernacle, a church which had con­ tributed a substantial sum to the school. Departments: College Preparatory; Agricultural Vocational; the school offers a three-year junior middle school course and a three- year senior middle school course. Fees, $85 Mexican (about $45). Buildings: Williams Hall (named in honor of S. Wells Williams), a two-story dormitory and classroom building; Sheffield Hall; Dining Hall seating 300; Warner Hall, containing an auditorium which may be used as a gymnasium, a small assembly room, reading room and playroom; gate-house, three-roomed; 40 rooms in one-story buildings for temporary dormitory use. Staff: Rev. Harry S. Martin, Principal; Rev. and Mrs. James A. Hunter, Miss Ellen F. Ingram, Dr. O. H. Love, Robert B. Shaw, Eugene J. Fan and 15 Chinese teachers. Enrolment 360. The students govern themselves through a Student Executive Committee, maintain a Y. M. C. A., conduct a Glee Club and 6 literary societies.

Tunghsien: Goodrich Girls’ School.* Founded 1905 by Mrs. Chauncey Goodrich. Grade: Primary School with seven grades; hopes to add two years to its course, becoming a Junior High School in 1924. Board and tuition, $30.50. Buildings: One two-story recitation building; 2 classrooms in Chinese buildings; Faculty residence; gate­ house; 16-roomed Chinese buildings for dormitories, rooms 10 x 10. 140 The China Missions

Miss Alice M. Huggins, Principal. Enrolment 173 of whom 50 are boarders. The school reaches the country type of girl who expects to go back to her home. A self-help department has been developed.

Tunghsien: Lu Ho Grammar School. Founded 1867, the first school in Tunghsien, by Dr. L. D. Chapin. Grade: Primary. Board and tuition, $55 silver. Buildings: A one-story recitation build­ ing; a 20-room dormitory. Mr. Wei Chen-Tung, Principal. Enrol­ ment 130.

MEDICAL

Diongloh: Hospital. Founded 1914 by Dr. Charles L. Gillette. Capacity 12 beds. Cost of maintaining a bed, $40 a year. Buildings: One, known as the dispensary building, with 12 beds; residence for the Chinese physician. Staff: Dr. Gillette, official head; Dr. Ngu En Ming; 2 nurses. In-patients 167, new dispensary patients 1,510, total treatments 8,033, operations under general anaesthesia 13.

Diongloh: Hospital at Pagoda Anchorage. Founded 1920 by Dr. Gillette. Capacity 20 beds. Cost of maintaining a bed, $50, Buildings: One old building used for wards; new wing completed 1922, containing out-patient department, kitchen, nurses' and servants’ quarters; the high basement containing drug store, laboratory, laundry, Staff: Dr. Gillette, 1 graduate nurse, 3 student nurses, 1 technician, 1 clerk. In-patients 194, new dispensary patients 1,661, total treat­ ments 7,503, operations 49.

Fenchow: Hospital for Men. To commemorate moving into the new hospital, word was sent abroad that the hospital would help out all opium users; where nothing could be paid no charge would be made; other ward patients would be charged for food only. Dr. Peicy T. Watson, Physician. In-patients 280; dispensary patients 2,933, with 6,090 return visits.

Fenchow: Kate Ford Whitman Hospital, f Dr. Clara O. Nutt­ ing, Physician; Miss Gertrude Kellogg, Nurse. In-patients 196; dispensary patients 878 with 3,005 return visits.

Foochow: Mission Hospital. Founded 1881 by Dr. D. W. Osgood. Medical work begun in 1800. Dr. Hardman N. Kinnear, The China Missions 141

Physician. W om en’s Hospital.* Founded 1898 by Dr. Kate C. Woodhull. Dr.. Lora S. Dyer, Physician in charge. Misses Hazel Atwood and Alice Darrow, Nurses. Total treatments in both hos­ pitals, 20,000.

Ingtai: Hospital and Dispensary. Founded 1902 by Dr. Emily Smith. Capacity 10 beds. Buildings: One native building, loaned the past year to the Girls’ School, one room only being used as a dis­ pensary for women and children. A nurse and her assistant treated over 500 calses, but full records were not kept.

Lintsing: Elizabeth Memorial Hospital. % Hospital work was begun 1900 by Dr. Wagner; renewed 1906 by Dr. Susan Tallmon- Sargent who built the present hospital in 1916. Capacity 65 beds. Cost of maintaining a bed, $100 Mexican (about $55). Buildings: Six. Staff: Dr. Alma L. Cooke, Women’s Hospital; Dr. Charles A. Siler. Men’s Hospital; Mrs. Siler (Dr. Marian Siler); 1 Chinese physi­ cian; Miss Maude M. McGwigan, Nurse in Charge; 2 nurses, 6 assist­ ants. In-patients 255; dispensary patients 3,315 new, total 6,748; major operations 49, minor 30.

Paotingfu: Willis G. Noble Hospital. Founded 1923 by the Paotingfu Local Association. Opened in rented quarters. Capacity 12 beds. Dr. Li Po K ’ang, Physician with 1 nurse and 2 assistants.

Shaowu: Men’s Hospital. Founded 1878 by Dr. H. T. Whitney. Capacity 22 beds. Buildings: Out-patient Building; building con­ taining two wards and operating room; building containing 6 rooms for private patients. During the past year floods demolished some of the rooms and partially wrecked others. While they were in this condition Shaowu became the center of fighting and the hospital was crowded with wounded soldiers. Dr. Edward L. Bliss, Physician; no nurses, 2 assistants. In-patients 50; new dispensary patients 7,000; total treatments 14,000.

Shaowu: Sarah Parker Hospital. Founded 1899 by Dr. Lucy P. Bement. Capacity 40 beds. Cost of maintaining a bed, $52 a year. Buildings: One one-story brick building, 40x70 feet; 1 two-story brick building, 45 x 120 feet. Staff: Dr. Bement, Dr. Tiu, 2 graduate nurses, 3 nurses in training. In-patients 50; dispensary patients 142 The China Missions

2,500 new, total 6,500; 150 minor operations. There were 500 refugees in the hospital, some of them for two months.

Shaowu: Yangkow Hospital. Founded 1915 by Rev. K. S. Kuan. Capacity 30 beds. Buildings: One two-story brick edifice; wooden frame nurses’ and helpers’ building; wooden frame kitchen building. Far five months during the civil war it effectively ministered to the wounded and sick with its meager staff and little money. Now temporarily closed for lack of funds.

Taiku: Smith-Barton Hospital. Formerly called the Jud- son Smith Memorial and Esther Barton Hospitals. Memorial of Dr. Judson Smith, since he first stimulated the students in Oberlin to volunteer for the China Band and they started the Shansi Mission. Founded about 19Q4. Capacity: Men’s Department 44 beds, Women’s 36. Cost of maintaining a bed, $50. Buildings: Williams Chapel (Rev. Mark Williams gave the first large gift, $4,000); Torrey Wing (for Elbridge Torrey); Oak Park Wing (named for the church that built it arid that has supported Dr. and Mrs. Hemingway); Esther Barton Hospital (built by Oak Park Church and named for its Pastor’s wife); Laura Hales Wing and Barnes Wing, also used for women and children. The Chinese gave over $3,000 for the Hospital. The whole plant was dedicated in November, 1922. Staff: Dr. Willoughby A. Hemingway, Superintendent; Dr. W. P. T ’ien, Assistant Superintendent; Dr. C. L. W en; Miss Alma M. Atzel, Superintendent of Nurses’ Training School; Miss Helen Dizney, Superintendent of Nurses of Esther Barton Hospital; A. C. Hausske, Business Manager; 12 nurses. In-patients 383; dispensary patients 1,586 new; patients in homes 137; total treatments 5,802; operations 222 — major 64, minor 158. General Yen, the “ Model Governor,” came to inspect the hospital, gave $500 and promised a military well-drilling squad to drill an artesian well as soon as iron piping was secured.

Taiku: Smith-Barton Branch Hospital. AtChingyuan,twenty miles northwest. Capacity 18 beds; cost per bed, $40 a year. Physi­ cian, Dr. Liu Yu, for 10 years assistant inSmith-Barton Hospital,aided by a student nurse from the Training School. In-patients 455; dis­ pensary patients 1,154 new, total treatments 3,535. In both hospitals 332 came for the cure of the opium habit. The China Missions 143

Tehsien: Williams Hospital for Men. Founded 1878 by Dr. Henry Porter, Capacity 60 beds. Cost of maintaining a bed, $100 a year. Last year the two hospitals built a Private Ward and Service Building, one story of which is a residence for the foreign nurses. Staff: Dr. Francis F. Tucker, Superintendent of both hospitals; 3 other physicians, 1 graduate nurse, 13 nurses in training, 3 assist­ ants. In-patients 465; dispensary patients 3,670 new, total 7,114; major operations 113, minor 688, total 801.

Tehsien: Porter Hospital for Women.f Founded 1914 by W. B. M. I. Capacity 40 beds. Cost of maintaining a bed, $100. Staff: Dr. Lois Pendleton; 1 other physician, 1 graduate nurse, 10 nurses in training, 3 assistants. In-patients 426; dispensary patients 1,835 new, total 3,557; major operations 56, minor 345. The Williams and Porter Nurses’ Training School was started at Pang Chuang in 1909 and more fully organized in Tehsien, 1915. Course four years. Miss Myra Sawyer, Superintendent; Miss Grace Jevne has recently gone out to assist her. Enrolment 23. The hospitals have eight branch dispensaries each costing $100 a year. The proportion of women treated in these is larger than in the base hospital. The Hospital Inn cares for quite a number of patients, especially men.

Tunghsien: Hospital. Founded 1882 by Dr. Mary L. Holbrook. Rebuilt 1902. Dr. O. Houghton Love, Physician. In-patients 202; dispensary patients 2,255 new, total 9,500. The students in the mission schools were given 4,100 treatments — 130 cases of trachoma were found in Jefferson Academy. Dr. Love gave 2,005 private treat­ ments beside, making a total of 11,600 treatments and calls during the year. The American Board Missions in Japan

Stations: Location and Special Work of Missionaries

Kobe (1870) — Miss Martha J. Barrows: Evangelistic work for women. Miss Gertrude Cozad: Principal of the Women’s Evangelistic School. Mrs. Jennie P. Stanford: Teaching in the Women’s Evangelis­ tic School; Sunday School work. Miss Susan A. Searle: President Emeritus, Kobe College. Miss Charlotte B. DeForest: President of Kobe College. Miss Annie L. Howe: Principal of Glory Training School and Kindergarten. Mr. Harold W- Hackett: Mission Treasurer and Business Agent. Mrs. Anna P. Hackett. Miss Sarah M. Field: Household Science teacher, Kobe College. Miss Edith E. Husted: Teacher in Kobe College. Miss Eleanor L. Burnett: Teacher in Kobe College. Rev. Charles S. Gillett; Mrs. Marion M.Gillett; Miss Grace E. Babcock; Miss Stella M. Graves; Miss Alice E. Gwinn: Students in Language School.

Osaka (1872). — Rev. Sherwood F. Moran: Social evangelistic work. Mrs. Ursul R. Moran. Miss Alice E. Cary: Settlement work. Miss Edith Curtis: Teacher in Baikwa Girls’ School.

K yoto (1875). — Hilton Pedley, D. D.: Field Secretary in coopera­ tion with Kumiai Churches. Mrs. Martha J. Pedley: Sunday School work. Dwight W. Learned, D. D .: Professor in Theological Department of Doshisha University. Mrs. Florence H. Learned: Kindergarten and Sunday School work. Rev. Samuel C. Bartlett; Mrs. Fanny G. Bartlett: Religious work for students, Doshisha Univer­ sity. EdwardB. Cobb, D. D .: Professor in Doshisha Theological School; Mission Secretary. Mrs. Florence B. Cobb: Educational work, Doshisha Girls’ School; Sunday School work. Rev. Frank A .Lombard: Professor in Literary Department of Doshisha University; lecturer English literature, Imperial University. Mrs. Alice W. Lombard. Rev. WilliamL. Curtis: Station evangelistic work; teaching in Doshisha. Mrs. GraceL. Curtis. Rev. Darley Downs: Work for students, Doshisha Academy. Mrs. PortiaL. Downs. Mrs. Agnes D. Gordon: In charge of the Soai Kindergarten. Miss Mary F. Denton: Educational work, 144 Missions in Japan 145

Doshisha Girls’ School; Sunday School work. M ss Katherine F. Fanning: Principal of Imadegawa Kindergarten.

Okayama (1879). — Rev. C.Burnell Olds: General station and evan­ gelistic work. Mrs. Genevieve D. Olds: Work for women; kinder­ garten class. Rev. William P. Woodard: General evangelistic work. Mrs. Harriet M. Woodard.

Niigata (1885). — Rev. Aaron W. Downs: General Evangelistic work. Mrs. Jessie G. Downs.

Sendai (1886). —

Maebashi (1888). — Rev. Marion E. Hull: General Evangelistic work. Mrs. Marjory W. Hall.

Tottori (1890).-— Rev. Henry J. Bennett: General station and touring work; Bible classes; Night School. Mrs. Anna J. Bennett: In charge of Love-Truth Kindergarten and work for women. Miss Estella L. Coe: Teaching in Night School; Bible Classes and girls’ organizations.

Tokyo (1890). —

Miyazaki (1891). — Charles M. Warren: General station and evan­ gelistic work; Bible classes. Mrs. Cora K. Warren: In charge of Davis Memorial Kindergarten and work for women.

Sapporo (1895).— George M. Rowland, D.D.: General missionary work. Mrs. Helen A. Rowland: Work for women and in the Sunday Schools.

Residing at Otaru. —

Matsuyama (1897). — Mr. Leeds Gulick: General evangelistic work. Mrs. Gladys R. Gulick. Miss Cornelia Judson: Principal of Matsuyama Night School, kindergarten, Sunday School. Miss Olive S. Hoyt: Principal of Matsuyama Girls’ School.

Residing in Seoul, Korea (1923). — Horatio B. Newell, D. D.: Representative for Mission and Kumiai Churches. Mrs. Jane C. Newell. 146 Missions in Japan

On Furlough. — Rev. Jerome C. Holmes; Mrs. Jennie E. Holmes ; Rev. Frank Cary; Mrs. RosamondB. Cary; Miss H. Frances Parmelee; Rev. Cyrus A. Clark; Miss Fanny E. Griswold; Miss Alice P. Adams; Miss Mary E. Stowe; Miss Grace H. Stowe; Miss Isabelle McCausland.

Associated with the Mission. — (Kobe) Miss Florella F. Pedley; Miss Mabel L. Field: Teaching in Kobe College. Miss Grace L. Wrockloff: Music Department, Kobe College. (Osaka) Miss Hortense E. Wrockloff: Teacher in Baikwa Girls’ School. (Kyoto) Mr. StewartB. Nichols: Amherst representative in the Doshisha; teaching. (Matsu­ yama) Miss Helen F. Fair: Teacher, Matsuyama Girls’ School. Of those who are on furlough Dr. and Mrs. Newell have gone to Seoul, Korea, to represent the Kumiai Churches and the Mission in that part of the field. Dr. and Mrs. Pedley have resumed their work in Kyoto where he makes his headquarters as Field Secretary. Mr. and Mrs. Moran have returned to Osaka and Mr. and Mrs. Hall have gone to Maebashi. Miss Mabel Field and Miss Husted have taken up their work in Kobe College. Rev. and Mrs. Kenneth S. Beam and Mr. and Mrs. Dana I. Grover have severed their connections with the Mission and have entered work in California. Miss Annie H. Bradshaw has re­ tired after thirty-four years of service in Sendai. Mr. and Mrs. Holmes have had to come to America for health reasons in the family. Miss McCausland is taking an early furlough. There are nine others who have come for their regular furloughs. The Language School has been transferred to Kobe because of the earthquake in Tokyo and those studying language are now located in Kobe. Mr. and Mrs. Gillett will go to Sendai a little later; Mr. and Mrs. Woodard are at Okayama. Mr. and Mrs. Leeds Gulick are in charge of evangelistic work in Mat­ suyama. Mr. W7illiam S. Clark, Miss Martha Howey, Miss Frances Clapp, Miss Bertha Bosbyshell, Miss Grace Titus and Miss Lena Williams have completed their terms of service. The new missionaries for 1923 are, Mrs. Darley Downs, who was Miss Portia L. Jarrard of the Methodist Mission, Miss Hortense E. Wrockloff, now teaching at Kobe College, and Miss Helen F. Fair, who is teaching in the Matsu­ yama Girls’ School.

STATISTICS (1922). (Including the statistics for the Kumiai Churches in Japan.) — Twelve stations; 46 out-stations; population of field 9,723,600. Missionaries: ordained 20; unordained men 2; wives 21; single women 27; total missionaries 70; associate workers 6. Missions in Japan 147

The native force: Ordained preachers 82; unordained preachers 35; Bible women 17; total workers 134. The church: places of regular meeting 263; organized churches 80 with 24,237 communicants; added last year 1000; total constituency 30,000; Sunday Schools 245 with a membership of 19,287; Christian Endeavor Societies 8 with a member­ ship of 408. The educational work: theological and training schools 3, with 93 students; 2 colleges with 1905 students; 10 middle schools with 5,410 students; 17 kindergartens with 923 students; total schools 31 and total under instruction 8,291. No regular medical work is maintained in the mission, but there is a small hospital at Okayama writh a dispensary where 923 were given 10,043 treatments. The total con­ tributions for all purposes amounted to $180,184 and for church work alone $142,723.

THE JAPAN MISSION

I. The Social and Political Background

Perhaps the most interesting national event of the year wras the visit of the Prince of Wales in April and May of 1922. The people were frankly pleased with the Prince’s democratic bearing, his friendly interest, and manifest good will. His cordial relations with the Prince Regent were obviously gratifying. This year’s session of the Imperial Diet was as disorderly as usual; in fact, quite up to the standard set by western legislative bodies in this respect. Judged by western standards the so-called “ Jury Bill” would still seem to leave an excessive amount of power in the hands of the judge and procurator. A bill permitting race-track gambling, under some apparently unenforcible restrictions, was finally passed. There w'as the customary suffrage agitation with the usual result — "no forrarder.” Both political parties pay lip service to the principle of universal manhood suffrage. There was unexpectedly heated opposition from Buddhist leaders to the appointment of a diplomatic representative at the Vati­ can, and the appropriation for this purpose was finally stricken out of the budget. The appropriations for the army and navy were reduced several percent. The army has been reduced by some fifty thousand men and several thousand officers. The terms of the Washington Treaty have been faith­ fully carried out by the Navy Department. The complete withdrawal 148 Missions in Japan of the army from Siberia, even though belated, is particularly gratifying. The Siberian Expedition was an extremely costly blunder of the mili­ tarists. The return of the soldiers from Shantung and the carrying out of the Washington agreement on that vexed question is a credit to the government. It is impossible to say how completely Japan has abandoned her interference with the internal politics of China, but it does seem that the days of the Twenty-One Demands and of the Nishihara Loans are past. The Government General of Korea seems to be definitely trying not to be provocative, and the appointment of Mr. Ariyoshi (a Christian) to be Civil Administrator promises increasingly harmonious relations with the Korean people. Last spring an attempt was made to form a national labor organiza­ tion somewhat on the lines of the American Federation of Labor. Several very stormy sessions were held by working men in Osaka, and an organization was effected, though it was impossible to achieve all that the leaders had hoped for. The economic condition of the coun­ try has been poor throughout the year, and business is not even now picking up as rapidly as it is in America. The agitation of the former outcastes for the actual realization of the abolition of class distinctions and discriminations, which has for so long been the law, has had some spectacular developments lately. There is at least one society campaigning in behalf of the outcastes commonly called Eta. A new Juvenile Delinquency Law has been promulgated which seems to have many commendable features. The first Juvenile courts were opened in January, 1923, at Tokyo and Osaka. The first judge of the eastern Juvenile Court is Judge Mitsui, a prominent member of the Reinanzaka Kumiai Church. The right of political speech and assembly, and of participation in political movements, was granted to women May 10, 1922. On the evening of that day the first woman’s political meeting was held at the Y. M. C. A. Hall in Kobe. A number of prominent Christian women were among the speakers. In October, 1922, under the auspices of the Japan W. C. T. U., the first conference for the serious study of the alcoholic question in Japan was held in Tokyo. The result of the conference was an indictment of alcohol. The temperance movement is growing among the national associa­ tions of young men. Two hundred and thirty-six of these, with a Missions in Japan 149

membership of 118,000 are now working for temperance reform. Delegates from nine leading universities and colleges recently organ­ ized the Japan Collegiate Anti-Alcohol League. The Juvenile Prohi­ bition Act, forbidding the sale of liquors to minors, went into effect on April 1, 1922, after the Diet had been regularly petitioned to enact such a law. The war against intemperance seems at least to be fairly under way in Japan. The Christian forces of the empire are doing much toward arousing public opinion for the suppression of this evil. Official indifference to questions of social purity, however, is shown by the fact that Madame Yajima has presented a petition to every session of the Diet since its opening in 1890 asking for favorable action on a bill making men equally punishable with women in cases of adultery, and it has never yet been reported out of committee. The resentment against military conscription is growing bitter, especially among students. An interesting revelation of this was given by the recent violent opposition of a great majority of the students of Waseda University to the inauguration of an association for the pro­ motion of universal military training. As a result of this opposition the effort on the part of the militarists to introduce the study of mili­ tary tactics into the university was defeated. Dr. Sidney L. Gulick’s visit to Japan, Korea and China, bearing the message to the churches in Asia from the Federal Council of Churches of America, has advanced the cause of international good will quite materially.

II. Community Welfare Work.

One great step in advance in Osaka during the year was the pur­ chase last summer of a splendid piece of land in the Toyosaki district of Osaka for the new social evangelistic plant in which the American Board and Woman’s Board of Missions are interested. It is located in the center of a densely populated section and surrounded by all the working people and factories that the most ardent social workers could desire. Japanese friends are looking forward eagerly to this experiment. There has been a marked change in the attitude of the Japanese Christian workers and of the members of the Mission, passing from a sincere questioning of the advisability of undertaking so-called social work, through an increasing sanction and cordial approval of a trial, to 150 Missions in Japan the present-day settling down to the almost overwhelming task before the Mission. No longer is it necessary to make appeals and apologies for such work. The Mission is beyond that stage. Today the Osaka station faces the problem of carrying on in such a way that it shall be justified in the making of the attempt. Thus we add our effort to that of the Baptists, Methodists, Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. in behalf of the Christianization of the social relationships of the great industrial center of Osaka containing two millions of people. More and more the Japanese workers are feeling their mutual dependence and need of co-operation, a feeling which has resulted in the forming of a Union of Christian Social Workers, to which the missionaries have been welcomed.

III. Co-operative Evangelistic Work.

Rev. C. Burnell Olds, Acting Field Secretary of the Mission, makes this statement: “ January, 1922, the Kumiai Directors assumed full responsibility for the work of the churches formerly under the Mission’s care. It was understood, however, that through its three elected representatives the Mission was to share this responsibility, not only for this work, but also for all the evangelistic work of the denomination. Since that time, all conferences and business meetings, whether of the full Board of Directors or of the Executive Committee, have been held jointly, and sub-committees, including missionaries, have carried out the working program. “ The first year of the plan was largely an experimental year, during which careful study was given to the situation with a view to increasing the general efficiency of the work. As a result during this second year since the plan was put into operation, no drastic changes have been made in the method and conduct of the work, though there have been minor improvements all along the line. The policy of our Kumiai fellow-workers is to make use of the missionaries in extension work so far as possible, as well as in the conduct of local evangelistic enterprises. “ At the annual meeting of the Kumiai churches held in Kobe last October, several missionaries were given prominent places on the pro­ grams of the several associations, and every effort was made to recog­ nize the Mission as sustaining a vital and important relationship to the work as a whole. “ During the current year there have been requests by our Kumiai brethren for co-operative touring, even above what the Mission has Missions in Japan 151 been able to accept. Two such campaigns have been carried out, one in which Mr. Warren participated with two weeks of touring in the western part of Kyushu with Mr. Nishio, and one in which Mr. Olds and Mr. Hirata, former Moderator of the Kumiai Churches, went together on a three weeks’ tour through Korea and Manchuria. “ In Korea an average of two days in a place was given to four centers where there are Japanese churches: Taikyu, Taiden, Seoul and Pyng Yang. A long time was spent in Manchuria, chiefly with the two churches at Liaoyang and Mukden. The main impression received was that the Christian work in both countries is at a lower ebb than was expected. From a material point of view tremendous strides are being made in the development of the country, under the wise and apparently increasingly harmonious leadership of the Japanese. As for the spiritual development, however, so far as it affects the Japanese population, it is far from keeping pace with the material development going on. As contrasted with the Christian movement among the native populations, especially in Korea, this is pronounced.”

IV. Resident Missionary in Korea

Dr. and Mrs. Newell have taken up their station for the Mission at Seoul, the capital of Korea. This will add greatly to the effective­ ness of the work of the Kumiai churches throughout Korea. The Mission is glad to co-operate in every way possible.

V. Missionary Honors.

Certain honors have come to certain individual missionaries during the year. Miss Annie L. Howe, who thirty-five years ago organized the Glory Kindergarten Training School, and eighteen years later organized the Union of Christian Kindergartens in Japan, was given a reception in her honor on July 26 by the Japan Kindergarten Union, then in session at Karuizawa. Kobe City presented Miss Howe a certificate of honorable mention at the celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the founding of the present system of education in Japan. Miss Alice Adams, the founder and present head of the Hakuaikai Settlement in Okayama, had bestowed upon her June 9 the Blue Ribbon Decoration of the Imperial Government. 152 Missions in Japan

THE EARTHQUAKE

The unprecedented earthquake in Japan, September 1, 1923, destroyed or seriously injured twelve of the Kumiai (Congregational) churches in Tokyo and Yokohama. Four of them are now in complete ruins; eight others are damaged, or their members have suffered serious losses. A friendship fund of $100,000 is being raised in America through a committee of the National Council. The Board’s residence in Tokyo was only slightly damaged. Most of the missionaries of thé Board were happily outside the stricken area at the time of the earthquake and fire. Miss Gertrude Cozad, however, and Mr. Jerome Holmes were there and escaped death as by a miracle. Institutions of the Japan Missions

Educational and Social

Kindergartens: —

Kobe: Glory Kindergarten.f This is the Model Kindergarten for the Training School founded 1889. Miss Annie L. Howe, Principal. Enrolment 64.

Kyoto: Imadegawa Kindergarten.* Founded 1900 by Rev. and Mrs. Dwight W. Learned. Mrs. Learned, Principal. Enrolment 60. “ Armenia week” in November, 1922, resulted in an offering of 60 yen for relief.

Kyoto: Soai Kindergarten.* Founded 1892 by Dr. M. L. Gordon. Mrs. Gordon, Principal. Enrolment 59. More children wish to enter than can be cared for.

Maebashi: Seishin Kindergarten.* Founded 1895 by Mrs. W. H. Noyes. Miss Fanny E. Griswold, Principal. Enrolment 65.

Matsuyama: Night School Kindergarten. Founded 1918 by Miss Cornelia Judson who is Principal. Enrolment 37. The tiny rooms necessitate a small kindergarten, but the resulting especially close relation between teacher and children makes for real growth in character and unusually gentle manners.

Matsuyama: Katsuyama Kindergarten.* Has been ably conducted by Mrs. Takanaka. Founded 1915.

Miyazaki: Kindergarten.* Founded 1909 by Mrs. C. Burnell Olds. Mrs. Charles M. Warren, Principal. Enrolment 55. Grad­ uating class largest in its history.

♦Institutions marked with an * are supported by the Woman’s Board of Missions; institu­ tions marked with a t by the W oman's Board of Missions of the Interior. 153 154 Missions in Japan

Okayama: Social Settlement Kindergarten. Enrolment 30. Two trained and experienced kindergartners who have taught at Glory Kindergarten have been secured, so splendid work is being done.

Tottori: Aishin Kindergarten. Founded 1906 by I. Katagiri, continuing the work of Mrs. Bartlett’s Playground. Mrs. Henry J. Bennett, Principal. Enrolment 57. The school was so flooded with applicants that an additional class was admitted and tuitions raised so as to provide another teacher. The mothers of the children gave a piano costing $450.

Tottori: Hamazaka Kindergarten. Founded 1913 by Mrs. N. Takata who is Principal. Enrolment 25. The past year a machine shop was made over into a large modem play room, the people of that little fishing village contributing its cost — $385.

Kobe College.f Founded 1875 by Miss Eliza Talcott. Depart­ ments: Academy; Junior College: Senior College. The 3-year Junior College Course was inaugurated the past year. Board and tuition: Academy $133, College $136. Buildings: Old — 6 school buildings; 3 dormitories; 2 teachers’ residences; 2 servants’ buildings; bath-house, kitchen, storehouse. N ew — 1 one-story recitation build­ ing with 3 rooms; a small cottage for gate-keeper. A site of 17 acres has been secured for the College Department. Staff: Miss Charlotte B. DeForest, President; Miss Susan Searle, President Emeritus; Misses Sarah and Mabel Field, Misses Grace and Mary Stowe, Misses Edith Husted, Isabelle McCausland, Eleanor Burnett, Florella Pedley and Grace Wrockloff, Miss Martha Howey closing her year’s leave of absence from Abbott Academy; Chinese teachers bring the strength of t&e staff up to 64. Mr. Harold W. Hackett is College Treasurer as well as Mission Treasurer. Enrolment 562, of whom 349 were in the Academy, 177 in College, 36 in the Music Department. The new things undertaken during the year were the Junior College, a Health Crusade, The Empress’ Birthday Prize Essays and the New Building Program with its Publicity Campaign.

Kobe: Glory Kindergarten and Training School.f Founded 1889 by the Japanese Women’s Society of the First Congregational Church of Kobe, afterward transferred to the W- B. M. I. Grade: Missions in Japan 155

Normal School with its Model Kindergarten. Cost per student $147 a year. Buildings: An eight-roomed building, housing work of Kinder­ garten and Training School; a small dormitory; home of Principal, also used as dormitory; 3 rented dormitories. Miss Annie L. Howe, Principal. Enrolment 32. Of the 16 new students 9 received highest rank when graduating from High School, 3 just below the highest, 8 were from Government and 8 from Mission High Schools. The School gave a very successful bazaar that netted 500 yen for much needed current expenses.

Kobe: Women’s Evangelistic School.t Founded 1881 by Misses Martha J. Barrows and J. A. Dudley. Departments: Regular department for high school graduates; special department for older women with less complete school equipment. Cost per student $100 a year. Buildings: Original building containing matron’s rooms, kitchen, dining room with dormitory upstairs; Main Building (1908) containing chapel, classrooms, office, practice and dormitory rooms. Miss Gertrude Cozad, Principal; Rev. Kinjiro Nagasaka, Dean; Mrs. J. P. Stanford whole time teacher, while ten others give part time to classes. Enrolment 29. Of the 101 living graduates 21 have been in direct work as Bible women the past year, 10 are in Christian Social- betterment enterprises, 22 are pastors’ wives. Many gifts have come from graduates during the year.

Kyoto: Doshisha University. Founded 1875 by Joseph Nee- sima in co-operation with the American Board Mission. Became a University with Imperial University standing, 1920. Departments: Philosophy and Letters (including Theology); Political Economy. The component parts of the University with the enrolment in each at the end of the school year in March are: the University proper, 402; College, 517 (the University gives a graduate of the College his first degree after 3 years of study); Academy, 833; Theological Seminary, 28; Commercial School, founded 1923; Night School for young men in business, enrolment 138; to be discontinued after this year; Girls’ College 265; Girls’ Academy 608. A Law School has recently been established. Buildings: Main Campus — Old Administration Building; Chapel; Old Library; Stone-Clark Science Hall; Harris Science Hall, all of brick and stone and built before 1903; New Administration Building, of brick; New Library, of stucco; old frame building for Academy 156 Missions in Japan classes; 2 stucco buildings erected 1922, one for the College, one for the Academy, the $22,000 for the latter being raised by the parents of the boys then in the school. On the Girls’ Campus is James Hall; Pacific Hall, gift of W. B. M. P.; Domestic Science Hall; Gymnasium; 4 dormitories; small office building. Dr. Danyo Ebina, President; Rev. Frank A. Lombard is on the staff of the University proper; Rev. Edward S. Cobb, Rev. Samuel C. Bartlett, Rev. Dwight W. Learned on the staff of the Theological School; Rev. William L. Curtis gives half his time to College work. Mr. Stewart B. Nichols came out in 1922 as Amherst College representa­ tive; Rev. Darley Downs became, in 1923, Counselor of English Department in the Academy. On the Fiftieth Anniversary of the establishment of the Educational System in Japan, Dr. Learned was the only foreigner honored by the Government; he received a silver cup from the Emperor and a gold medal and silver goblet from the Educational Department. Neesima’s swords were given to the University by Amherst and by the Hardy family.

Maebashi: Mutual Love Girls’ School. Founded 1891 by the Christians. Departments: Junior High School; Sewing School. Buildings: One, erected 1923. No Principal at present; Miss Fanny E. Griswold, W. B. M. representative on staff. Eleven girls have been baptized. The students have made 4,400 yen for the school by a bazaar and moving pictures.

Matsuyama: Girls’ High School.* Founded 1886 by Kunijiro Ninomiya. Departments: Junior High, 2 years; Senior High, 2 years; the girls accomplish work equivalent to part of a college course in America. Buildings: One school building; 1 dormitory. Miss Olive S. Hoyt, Principal; 10 Japanese teachers. Enrolment 144. Mental tests were given as the first step towards raising the standard of the school. After the Day of Prayer, 11 girls were baptized; of the dormi­ tory students all but the first class who were not already baptized were received into the church.

Matsuyama: Night School.* Founded 1891 by Miss Cornelia Judson. Grades: Grammar Grade 2 years; High School, 4 years of two hours at night; new four-hour class for full High School course in the forenoons, begun the past year. Buildings: One two story school Missions in Japan 157

house; a small dormitory and home for the Principal; a small kinder­ garten. Mr. Sugawo Nishimura, Principal; Miss Judson, Director. Enrolment 341. This is a social service enterprise for working boys and girls who come here after a strenuous day’s labor. The past year 29 have been baptized; 8 have entered higher institutions.

Miyazaki: School Girls’ Home. Founded by Mrs. Cyrus A. Clark about 1892. Dormitory erected 1912 for girls attending the Government High School and other schools. Self-supporting except for salary of matron who works along other lines as well. Rev. Cyrus A. Clark in charge. Enrolment 15.

Okayama: Social Settlement School.* Founded 1891 by Miss Alice Adams. Departments: Kindergarten; Primary School; Sec­ ondary School: Sewing School. Cost of support of student, $12 to $20. Mr. Bentaro Ninomiya, Principal. Enrolment 113.

Osaka: Plum Blossom Girls’ School. Founded 1878 by the Japanese. Departments: Primary School; High School; College. Buildings: Administration Building with classrooms and auditorium; Gymnasium; Building for the higher grades. Mr. Iba, Principal; Miss Edith Curtis, W. B. M. member of staff; Miss Hortense Wrockloff went out 1923. Enrolment 700. For lack of sufficient high schools 2,000 girls in Osaka city every year have to go without any education beyond the primary schools. So the Educational Department of the city has urged this school to take in more girls than it had planned to take in, and has granted it a subsidy to make this possible. The official inspectors from Tokyo noted in the daily press the difference in atmos­ phere between the Christian and non-Christian schools of Osaka, the earnestness and seriousness of purpose in the former. The Y. W. C. A. and Christian Endeavor Society of the school have done much for poor children the past year.

Publications: Japan Mission News; the Sapporo Church paper, Aurora Borealis, with which The Northern Brotherhood was merged the past year. History of Glory Kindergarten and Training School, The Kindergarten Union Report, Kindergarten Union High Lights, and a Day of Prayer pamphlet were published in 1923.

Sapporo: English Night School. Founded 1921 by the Kumiai Church. Grade: Secondary School grade. Meets in the church 158 Missions in Japan vestry. Tuition $2.50. Rev. Akira Ebisawa, the Pastor, Head of School; Mr. William S. Clark, American Board teacher for the past two years. Enrolment 175.

Sapporo: Otaru Kumiai Church Night School. Founded 1922 by the Otaru Church. Grade: Secondary School. Meets in the church auditorium. Tuition $5.50. Rev. Kikuzo Sugawara, Principal; Rev. Frank Cary and members of his Pilgrim Club, an organization of Commercial College men, teach the classes. Enrol­ ment 210.

Social Service. In Kobe the Mission has been in closest touch from the beginning with: Home for Ex-Convicts; Kobe Orphanage; Hostel for Women; School for the Blind; Kobe Women’s Welfare Association. In Okayama the Loving-All Social Settlement was founded 1891 by Miss Alice Adams. Besides the school and kindergarten, described under Kindergartens and Okayama, there is a Dispensary with 3 physicians, 2 nurses, and 3 assistants,which has 6 beds (cost of maintain­ ing a bed, $120 a year), and treated 923 patients during the year; total treatments 10,043. A Young Ladies’ Club enrolls 25 working girls, and 25 girls in the Nurses’ Club study English, the Bible and invalid cookery. A Christmas dinner was given to 40 last year, an Old Clothes Bazaar supplied many poor with warm clothing and the proceeds furnished 20 of the very poorest with rice for a week. The Japanese Home Department gave $1000 toward endowment and the Imperial Household $250. The event of the year was the bestowal of the Im­ perial Blue Ribbon Decoration on Miss Adams. In Osaka a splendid piece of land was purchased last summer for the erection of a community house in the center of a densely populated section in the midst of factories. The population of Osaka is two millions. In Otaru a Knitting Class, begun 1922 by Mrs. Cary and Mrs. Foulk has a six weeks’ course with lectures on the Introduction to Christianity and the Sermon on the Mount. In Tottori there are two schools in the slums, and a Home for young workers has begun to grow spontaneously. After the earthquake the members of the Japan Mission bent their energies to the relief of the sufferers in every way. Kobe College gave room, food and care to many refugees. Missions in Japan 159

Tokyo: Japanese Language School. Founded 1913 by a group of foreigners and Japanese. Rev. Jerome C. Holmes, Principal. Enrolment 78. As it was vacation at the time of the earthquake none of the students or faculty were injured.

Tottori: Night School. Founded 1917 by M. E. Hall, Miss E. L. Coe and a Japanese committee. Grade: Secondary School. Tuition S3.50. Rev. H. J. Bennett, Principal. Enrolment 71.

Tottori: Girls’ Camp, Aradome. Started 1921 by a committee of the Mission, Miss Estella Coe, chairman. Cost, $7 for the ten days. Number of girls the past year 37. The American Board Missions in the Islands and Papal Lands

Stations: Location and Special work of Missionaries

PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

Davao (Mindanao) (1902). — Rev. Julius S. Augur: Evangelistic work and schools among the wild tribes. Mrs. Gertrude E. Augur: Church and social work. RoyE. St. Clair, M. D .: In charge of hospital and medical work. Mrs. Florence C. St. Clair.

Cagayan (Mindanao) (1915). — Rev. Frank J. Woodward: General evangelistic work, North Coast and Cagayan station. Floyd 0. Smith, M. D.: In charge of Cagayan Hospital; medical work in the North Coast. Mrs. Bessie H. Smith. Miss Anna I. Fox: Principal of Girls’ Dormitory and Girls’ Bible School. Miss Florence L. Fox: Nurse in Cagayan Hospital; teaching in Bible School and homes.

Outside the Mission — (Manila) Rev. Frank C. Laubach, Ph.D.: Professor in the Union Theological Seminary and Union Christian College. Mrs. Effie S. Laubach: Teaching in Union High School. (Dumaguete) Rev. Irving M. Channon: Dean of Union Bible School, Silliman Institute; mission treasurer. Mrs. Mary G. Channon: Teaching in Silliman Bible School and Institute.

Associated with the Mission. — (Cagayan) Miss Grace E. Fox: Associate in Girls’ Bible School.

On Furlough. — Mrs. Marion W. Woodward. Mr. Woodward is returning to the Mission after an extended fur­ lough. Mrs. Woodward will follow later in the year. Miss Anna I. Fox is to take her furlough in 1924. Mrs. Mary M'. Libby, who was appointed last year as nurse in the Davao Hospital, has resigned. Miss Grace E. Fox has been appointed for a term of five years to teach in the Girls’ School in Cagayan, and is at work. 160 The Philippine Mission 161

STATISTICS (1922). — Two stations; 21 outstations; population of field 675,000. The missionaries: ordained 4; unordained men 2; wives 6; single women 2; total missionaries 14; associate missionaries 1. The native force: ordained preachers 4; unordained preachers 15; men teachers 7; w'omen teachers 2; Bible women 2; other workers 3; total workers 32. The native church: Places of regular meeting 44; organized churches 3, with 1,940 communicants of whom 259 were added during the year; total constituency 8,800. Sunday Schools 48, with a membership of 2,020. Christian Endeavor Societies 10, with a membership of 376. The educational work: Training schools 1, with 8 students; 2 students in Silliman Institute; 7 boys in the Cagayan High School; three primary schools with 147 boys and 80 girls; total schools 5; total under instruction 260. The native contributions for Christian work $479; for other purposes $235; total contribution's $714. The medical work: hospitals 2; in-patients 2,784; dispensaries 2; dispensary patients 6,138; outside visits 1,592; total treatments 10,524; major operations 17; minor operations, 86; total 103.

THE PHILIPPINE MISSION

Most of the American Board’s work in the Philippines is confined to the large island of Mindanao, the second in size of an archipelago of several thousand islands. There are two main Mission stations: Davao in the extreme south of the island, and Cagayan, the capital as it were of the large Misamis Province, on the northern coast.

The Southern Coast. Davao, a large center of hemp production, is recovering from the severe depression which followed the war. The planters of the district, instead of sending their product to Manila, are now sending it to Davao City whence, after sorting and power- press baling, it is shipped direct to the United States. This means an increase in population; every boatload brings a load of laborers from the north; the American community is growing; there is a Govern­ ment high school and Government hospital; and as the city is also the center of the so-called Highland Tribes, it seems “ destined to become increasingly an important factor in the making of history in the Philippine Islands.” . Mr. and Mrs. Augur, the general missionaries of the station, were absent on furlough the greater part of the year under review. Since their return the evangelistic work has been extended; Mr. Agapit 162 The Philippine Mission

Diamonon, the evangelist, reports an attendance of 300 or more at his meetings and a great deal of interest shown. Maximiano Tongkaling, son of the old chief so well known to our readers, and recently returned from Silliman, accompanied Diamonon on two of the preaching tours and was accorded an enthusiastic reception by his Bagobo fellow- tribesmen. A number of baptisms are reported. The mission schools for the Bagobos have been maintained through­ out the year but a readjustment of the school system is being made which will be reported on next year. The Mission is repeatedly urged to open a girls’ dormitory to meet the great need of many students who must come to Davao if they wish to go beyond the fourth grade. The young men are also asking for a dormitory or a kind of Y. M. C. A., and saying that they would be glad of the opportunity for evening Bible classes in connection with such an institution. Mrs. Augur has continued her work with the Girl Scouts. The medical work has suffered because of a doubt as to its future. At one time it was thought that the hospital would have to be closed because of the Board’s financial condition. It quickly revived after the decision was made to continue work, and is easily self-supporting. At the end of the year 1922, after four months’ work, it found all its debts paid and not one cent of Mission funds used. In fact, the Davao medical work does not need to look to the Board for much, if any, financial support from now on, provided there is no call for a new build­ ing in the near future. It has a place for itself even though there is a Government hospital in the district. Recently the latter turned over to the Mission hospital a number of serious surgical cases because it was unable to handle them, and several patients have voluntarily transferred themselves. Chinese, Japanese, Filipinos, tribesmen of of the hills, find the hospital of real value.

The North Coast. Misamis in the north is a province that long has been under its own government in the Island of Mindanao. It is under the control of the descendants of the old Spaniards who were exiled from Spain centuries ago. It carries a good deal of weight in the Visayan world; and because of its large population, its progressiveness, and the character of its citizens, it is a valuable center of work. Here, more than in any other part of Mindanao, the movement away from the Roman Church in the Aglipyan Movement of twenty years ago, has made itself felt: it has left many thousands who have lost confidence in the old Church and are drifting into agnosticism and even atheism. The Philippine Mission 163

The work of helping hold the citizens in Misamis to Christian thought and life and of leading them into a thorough knowledge of Christian standards and spirit, is a task worthy of the best that the American Board and Woman’s Board of Missions can provide. Five tours were made during the year. In Singangan Mr. Wood­ ward found what is without doubt the best approach to the wild tribe known as Subanons on the North Coast. They are altogether without a knowledge of God. While the Government now conducts four schools in the district no religious work is being done. A number of bright Subanon boys were met who had completed the fourth grade but knew nothing about Jesus Christ. The datos hold almost com­ plete control over the people who live in abject fear of evil spirits. Our small congregation of Visayans are cared for by one of their own number who conducts Sunday School and a preaching service weekly. A tactful evangelist with the Subanon language could do a great deal for this neglected people. At Dipolog the congregation of 92 members in the care of Rev. and Mrs. Yapsutko is one of the most deeply spiritual to be found in Mindanao. The school at Tolon has done satisfactory work under Mr. Basilion. It seems probable that it will be the forerunner of a strong Evangelical church in the next few years. The presence of our evan­ gelist and teacher is a protest against the many evils the lower element of the Visayans bring into the new districts. At Napilan, a Subanon settlement further inland, the people oppose our giving them a teacher for they say, “ We do not want the Protestant’s way, for then we cannot do the things we want to do. We cannot have a cock-pit, gamble, work on Sunday and have other liberties that the Catholic Church permits.” Yet a Catholic family from Agusan desired to unite with the church at Tolon. Thirteen presented themselves for baptism. The work of Mr. W. L. Ghent at Momungan and Camp Keothley, when judged by the number of soundly converted persons, is shown to be second to that of no other worker on the field. Miss Chacon besides her “ King’s Daughters” class in the Central Church has taught 70 other Sunday School classes, conducted 123 prayer-meetings and made 417 calls on individual women during the year. Our six students for the ministry rendered valuable assistance throughout the year in the Barrio Sunday School work. At Pikit in the Cotobato Valley, where 15 Evangelical church mem­ bers are living, 60 babies and small children were baptized. This group of Christians, reinforced recently by immigrants from Iloilo, will very 164 The Philippine Mission soon call for an evangelist or pastor to be supported by themselves alone. This is a promising field with great possibilities. The net gain in converts in these districts for the past year is 234. This does not include the catechists awaiting baptism. Institutions in the Philippines

Educational and Social

Cagayan: Boys’ Dormitory. Founded 1918 by Dr. F. C. Laubach. Grade: Secondary School. Cost of support per pupil, $120 a year. Buildings: One; this was loaned to the hospital last year and a rented building used. Enrolment 18; 31 students boarded here and in June, 56 teachers.

Cagayan: Girls’ Dormitory.* Founded 1918. It has been occupy­ ing a leased building and the lease cannot be renewed. Miss Florence Fox in charge. Enrolment 38.

Cagayan: Mission Hospital. Founded 1922 by Dr. Floyd O. Smith. Capacity 14 beds. Buildings: One, adapted to the purpose of a hospital, but quite unsuitable. Staff: Dr. Floyd O. Smith, Physician; 3 nurses, 2 assistants. In-patients 1,737, dispensary patients, 3,330, total treatments 6,279, operations 40.

Cagayan Women’s Bible School.* Founded 1921. Classes held in a basement room. Miss Anna Isabel Fox, Principal. Enrol­ ment 7. The pupils held evangelistic meetings during the year and cared for 9 distant Sunday Schools.

Davao: Day Schools. Melilla and Sibulon Schools founded 1912 by Rev. Robert F. Black and Dr. Charles T. Sibley; Binaton 1917 and Tubbison 1919 by Rev. Julius S. Augur. Grade: 3 primary schools, 1 kindergarten; Melilla has sixth grade and an intermediate school was opened in 1923. Tuition $12. Buildings: Chapel at Salidokon used also as kindergarten, built 1923 by the Bagobos; school at Sibulon built 1923 by the Bagobos; new school and teacher cottage built by them at Binaton, 1923. Rev. Julius S. Angur, Superin­ tendent. Enrolment 189.

•Supported by the W om an’s Board of Missions. 165 166 The Philippine Mission

Davao: Day School Dispensaries. A small dispensary is maintained by the Mission Hospital in connection with each day school. These were very effective during a severe smallpox epidemic a short time ago.

Davao: Mission Hospital. Dr. Roy E. St. Clair, Physician. This was closed two-thirds of the year, but in the remaining third there were 1,057 in-patients, 2,808 dispensary patients, 275 doctors’ visits, 105 nurses’ visits, 63 operations.

Dumaguete: Silliman Institute. Presbyterian institution open to American Board. Founded 1901, Horace B. Silliman, Donor; Rev. D. S. Hubbard, Principal, 1901 — . Departments: Intermediate School; High School; College. Rev. IrvingM. Channon and Mrs. Channon, American Board missionaries on the Faculty. Enrol­ ment 751.

Dumaguete: Silliman Institute Bible School (Union). Founded 1921, Presbyterians and Congregationalists cooperating. Departments: 2-year Regular Course for those planning to enter the ministry; Special Course in the Visayan dialect from January to Com­ mencement. Cost of support of student, $150. Rev. Irving M. Chan­ non, Dean. Enrolment 50. There were 7 in the first class to graduate; of these four are working under the American Board in Mindanao.

Manila: Union Theological Seminary. Founded 1904. Baptists, Congregationalists, Disciples, United Brethren, Methodists and Presbyterians cooperating. Departments: High School; Col­ lege; Seminary; Bible Training School. Buildings: Tooker Hall; in 1922 a new wing was added and land bought for a new adminis­ tration building. Rev. Frank C. Laubach and Mrs. Laubach, American Board missionaries on the Faculty. The school issues an annual, The Beacon Light. An organization centering in the Academy carries on visitations in the slum district. Micronesia

Kusaie (Caroline Islands) (1852). — Miss Elizabeth Baldwin; Miss Jane D. Baldwin: In charge of station school; Bible translation and printing.

Jaluit (Marshall Islands). — Miss Jessie R. Hoppin: In charge of the Marshall work; care of school girls; touring.

Associated with the Mission. — Rev. Charles R. Heine: General evangelistic work and touring; translation of Scriptures. There are no changes to report in this mission. The force continues the same and all are at work.

STATISTICS (1921) — Stations 2; outstations 61; population of field 10,000. Single women 3; total missionaries 3; associate workers 1. Native force: Ordained preachers 10; unordained preachers 27; women teachers 16; Bible women 13; total workers 66. The native church: Places of regular meeting 78; organized churches 23, with 3,086 communicants of whom 110 were added during the year; total constituency 10,000. Sunday Schools 83, with 2,200 members. Chris­ tian Endeavor Societies 80, with about 3,000 members. Boarding and training schools 1, with 21 boys and 34 girls; 20 elementary schools, with 724 pupils; total schools 21; total under instruction 779. Native contributions for Christian work SI,000.

MISSION IN MICRONESIA Each of the twenty-four islands in the Marshall Islands group has its organized church, the total constituency being served by fifty pastors arid teachers under the supervision of Miss Jessie Hoppin, missionary of the W. B. M. I. for thirty-three years. Rev. Carl Heine, her associate, is pastor of the church in the Jaluit lagoon and in charge of the schools there. After Miss Hoppin’s return from her brief vacation in Japan, they began to organize this native church in the whole group into one central church with regular officers. All the chiefs and all the indi­ vidual churches decided to unite in putting up a building capable of seating about two thousand, making it as beautiful as possible. A 167 168 Mission in Micronesia bell in memory of their greatest evangelist was planned for, to be hung in a tower built of blocks of coral, and there were to be memorial pillars and windows. A campaign for timbers and island material was begun in December. The work was to be the free gift of the peo — “ A crowd of willing, happy workmen.” In these churches and about fifty other places of meeting seventy- five Sunday Schools have an enrolment of some three thousand, or about one third of the total population of the Islands. Seventy-five Christian Endeavor Societies have the same membership. The Japanese Government has given Miss Hoppin permission to have school with all classes and conditions of people. The Bible may be taught and any books on religious subjects may be used. The teaching of geography is not yet allowed, but the other common branches are permitted. The new governor seems to be a good man and desirous of enforcing prohibition. The year 1922 was the silver jubilee of the Misses Jane and Eliza­ beth Baldwin in Kusaie and it was fittingly celebrated by the arrival of the new printing press in October and preparations for printing the Bible in Kusaien. “ The people are eagerly waiting for it. They read the Daily Bible readings of the Christian Endeavor Society and miss so much the portions that are not yet in their hands.” The Kusaiens have had the Gospel for seventy years and under its influence have become the most intelligent and highly civilized people in the Caroline Islands, but the portion of the Scriptures printed by the Ameri­ can Bible Society which they have used was very meager. In 1915 Miss Elizabeth Baldwin began with the aid of intelligent Kusaien teachers and pastors the translation of the remaining books of the New Testament and the Old Testament also has since been completed. What an event was the coming of this press! “ The King with a large force of men brought it around. The men were very tired, but after breakfast and prayers they started on the hard pull, our eighteen large boys assisting them. In the distance we could hear them coming, for all of these islanders believe that music helps when the work is difficult. Finally it rested on the cement stone in front of the house and the sides and top of the box were removed. Not a door was wide enough to admit it until the casings were removed, then even the small boys helped by pulling on the ropes, and by inches the press advanced until it reached the pressroom. After the steamer leaves we hope to have a day of prayer to ask for God’s direction and blessing on print­ ing the Bible and then start on that important work.” Schools in Micronesia

Jaluit, Marshall Islands, Boarding School. Miss Jessie R. Hoppin, Supervisor. Its purpose is to train evangelists and teachers. Twenty day schools enroll 800.

Kusaie, Caroline Islands, Boarding and Training School.* Departments: Primary; Secondary; Music; Printing. Cost of sup­ port of student, $15 a year. Buildings: Four foreign buildings — 2 school houses, 1 typhoon house.. 1 storehouse; 9 native buildings — Girls’ dining room, Boys’ and Girls’ cook houses, canoe houses, dwelling houses. Misses Elizabeth and Jane Baldwin in charge for a quarter of a century. Enrolment 66.

‘Supported by the W oman’s Board of Missions.

169 Mission in Mexico

Stations: Location and Special Work of Missionaries

Guadalajara (1882). — Mr. Louis B. Fritts: Mission Secretary and Treasurer; general work. Miss Margarita Wright: Principal of Instituto- Colon. Miss Gladys R. Thompson: Language study; educational work. Miss Julia M. Wagner: Language study.

Hermosillo (1886). — Miss Claribel L. Bickford: Principal of Girls’ School.

Mazatlan (1918). — Rev. Cedric E. Crawford: In charge of station work. Mrs. Jessie B. Crawford.

El Fuerte (1919). —

Tepic (1923). — Rev. Howard C. Chamfae: Language study; evangelistic work. Mrs. Eleanor L. Champe: Language study.

In Mexico City. ■— John Howland, D. D .: President of Union Theological Seminary. Mrs. SaraB. Howland: In charge of boarding department of Seminary.

On Furlough. — Rev. Alfred C. Wright; Mrs. Annie C. Wright; Mrs. MaryG. Fritts; Miss Nellie 0. Prescott; Miss MaryB. Dunning; Miss Vera H. Lorbeer.

Associated with the Mission. — (Guadalajara) Miss RebeccaE. Burdorf: Teacher in Instituto Colon. Mr. Robert V. Edwards; Mrs. Dorothy V. Edwards: Instructors in Colegio Internacional. (Hermosillo) Rev. Horace T. Wagner: Evangelist for the West Coast. An unusually large number of missionaries are on furlough: Mr. and Mrs. Wright, Miss Prescott, Miss Dunning and Miss Lorbeer. Dr. and Mrs. Howland had a vacation in California before Christmas and are now back at their posts. Mrs. Fritts has not been able to return to Mexico because of continued poor health. Miss Long and 170 Mission in Mexico 171

Miss Marsh have retired from active service and Miss Nina Trego, who went out in 1923, has resigned. Mr. and Mrs. Champe are on the field and will locate at Tepic as soon as political conditions permit. Mr. Frittshas been transferred from Hermosillo to Guadalajara, to take charge of the work while Mr. Wright is away. The new mission­ aries are Miss Gladys R. Thompson, who is to teach in the Girls’ School at Guadalajara, and Miss Julia M. Wagner, who is now studying lan­ guage at Guadalajara, but who is to teach in the Girls’ School at Her­ mosillo, both under life appointment; Miss Rebecca E. Burdorf, who is engaged for one year to take the place of Miss Beeman, and Mrs. Dorothy V. Edwards who assists in the Institute at Guadalajara.

STATISTICS (1922). — Stations 5; outstations 11; population of field 2,000,000. The missionaries: ordained 4; unordained 1; wives 1; single women 6; total missionaries 12; associate workers 4. The native force: ordained preachers 10; unordained 6; men teachers 6; women teachers 17; other workers 1; total workers 40. The native church: Places of regular meeting 34; organized churches 15, with 714 communicants; 133 added during the year; total constituency 1,797; 17 Sunday Schools, with 897 members; 19 Christian Endeavor Societies, with 360 members. The educational work: The Mission is cooperat­ ing with the Union Theological Seminary in Mexico City; secondary schools 2, with 21 boys and 22 girls; primary schools 4, with 158 boys and 156 girls; kindergartens, 3 with 55 pupils. Total schools 7, with 414 under instruction. Native contributions for Christian work $2,792; for education $8,914; for other purposes $1,061; total contribu­ tions $12,767. Medical work: The mission maintains no hospitals. There is a small dispensary at Guadalajara where 4,855 treatments were given.

MEXICO MISSION

On November 2, 1922, in the little Congregational church, El Divino Redentor, in Guadalajara, began the Golden Jubilee of Mission work in Mexico. Miss Vera Lorbeer, in a most interesting account of the celebration published in the Missionary Herald, reported that all but two or three of the Mexican pastors in our large field of five states were present, all but four of the American missionaries, while the native churches sent one hundred and twenty-five delegates, the Methodist Episcopalians, the Southern Methodists, the Northern and 172 Mission in Mexico

Southern Presbyterians and the Disciples sent some of their lead­ ing people as representatives, and the Baptists sent a telegram of congratulations. The day sessions consisted largely of devotional services, Bible studies and conferences on various lines of work. The evening ser­ vices were largely attended; the addresses were earnest, thought- provoking and modem; the struggles and accomplishments of the past, the hope for the future work were presented. One session was held in the largest theatre in the city, and 2,000, largely from the work­ ing classes, listened to a powerful address by Mr. Vicente Mendoza on “ Socialism and its Christian Solution.” Since the beginning of Congregational work in 1872 the biggest step forward, perhaps, on the part of this Mission and of other missions has been in the direction of co-operation. At the special conference held in Mexico City, February, 1919, eight religious organizations, believing that true co-operation enables mission progress to be scientific as well as economical, agreed to make the adjustment essential to receiving each a specific district for which it should be responsible. Each denomination planned for the district allotted to it: A pro­ gram of aggressive evangelization; the upbuilding of strong evangelical churches; elementary schools with industrial and vocational features; a normal school, agricultural school and Bible-training school; and an organization for directing community life in each large center of population. The denominational forces co-operate in establishing an evangelical university and a union theological seminary at the capital; a union publishing house and bookstore; expert supervision for the different types of work attempted. In this adjustment the Congregationalists took the northeast strip of territory with a population of 1,800,000. All of the work of the American Board and the Woman’s Boards is found in states that touch the West Coast, but as a consequence of the barrier to communication made by the mountains in Nayarit the Mission has divided itself into the West Coast field and the Guadalajara field. The stations occupied are El Fuerte, Guadalajara, Hermosillo, Mazatlan and Tepic; fifteen organized churches with ten ordained pastors and six preachers have a membership of 714, of whom 133 have been added during the past year. An enthusiastic congregation is working in great harmony in Culiacan, the capital of Sonora; a chapel is greatly needed here. The new building in Los Mochis has been Mission in Mexico 173 completed, Mr. Wagner raising locally more than 2,000 pesos on a total expense of 3,100, the congregation being given to understand that the rest of the money is to be considered as a loan. In Tepic the doors are just opening for a great forward movement along evangelistic lines. It is considered a conservative town, but the people have been very cordial to the missionaries. Rev. and Mrs. Howard C. Champe, appointed in 1923, have taken up their residence there. Two middle schools, nine elementary schools and three kindergartens have an enrolment of 414 pupils and a staff of 23 Mexican teachers, Miss Gladys R. Thompson, Miss Julia R. Wagner and Miss Rebecca Burdorf being recent additions to the American force. Recent data concerning the schools are given at the end of this article, but special attention is called to the opening of a school by the W. B. M. P. at Cinco de Mayo under the charge of Miss Elizabeth J. Richards. A lot has been bought at Mazatlan for a suitable building. The need for such a school is very great: thousands and thousands of girls are work­ ing in cigar factories in terrible physical and moral conditions, for whom night clubs and classes would mean moral salvation. The Government schools are admitted by the Mexicans themselves to be exceedingly inefficient; there has been a reaction on the part of the better people against the openly unmoral lives of the teachers, and there is a demand for a school where moral instruction will be given and will be backed up by the example of the teachers. Besides these schools, 19 Sunday Schools with their 897 pupils and the same number of Christian Endeavor societies with a membership of 360, touch and influence the lives of the young people particularly. The union institutions are also treated of elsewhere in this Report. Dr. Howland writes that the students of the Union Theological Semi­ nary, without any aggressiveness or self-seeking, are the most out­ standing element in the gatherings at conventions and institutes; a recent graduate is at the head of the largest and best organized church in the country — perhaps the largest in Latin America. Payment of $2,500 has been made on a fine piece of land as a site for the Seminary buildings. The outstanding plans of the year 1922 for co-operative work in Mexico were: The purchase of a large plot of ground in the City of Mexico as a center for Union projects; a union hospital; the appoint­ ment of a General Secretary for the Committee on Co-operation in Mexico, the duties of Professor Andres Osuna, manager of the Press, being enlarged to include those of such a Secretary. During the first 174 Mission in Mexico half of the year 1923 he made a number of trips addressing churches, schools, Sunday Schools, institutes, Christian Endeavor societies, conventions, in the interests of cooperation, social reform and tem­ perance. Although a full account of the recent revolution more properly belongs to the report for 1923-24, it may be added here that letters from Guadalajara came through the last of December after it had been cut off from telegraphic and mail communication for more than three weeks. The revolution fell with such suddenness that no preparation had been made for it. The city was taken at the beginning without the firing of a shot. There was no firing closer than about 50 miles to the south where a detachment from Obregon’s army was completely annihilated. The hospitals were filled with wounded. The work of the schools was not disturbed; Christmas programs were a success, every foot of standing room being taken in the churches, while the Sunday Schools had the largest combined attendance in their history.

INSTITUTIONS IN MEXICO

El Fuerte: El Progreso School, f Founded 1919 by Miss Nellie O. Prescott and Miss Mary B. Dunning. Grade: Secondary School. Buildings: A rented dwelling-house. Miss Prescott, Principal. En­ rolment 119.

Guadalajara: Colegio Intemacional. Founded 1901 by the Mexico Mission, succeeding a school founded 1891 in El Paso. Grade: Secondary and Primary Schools. Departments: Superior; Prepara­ tory; Biblical; Commercial. Cost per student $166 a year. Build­ ings: Four main buildings including classrooms, teachers’ residence, chapel, gymnasium, and dining rooms. These are constantly under repair, because revolution nearly ruined them. Professor Alberto Rembao, Principal. Rev. A. C. Wright and Robert V. Edwards are Mission members of the Faculty. Enrolment 66.

Guadalajara: Instituto Colon.* Continuation of the Colegio Chihuahuense founded 1886 at Chihuahua by the Mission. Depart­ ments: Kindergarten; Primary School; Secondary School; three-year

♦Institutions marked with an * supported by the W om an’s Board of Missions; institutions marked with a t by the Woman’s Board of the Interior; the school marked t by the Woman’s Board for the Pacific. Mission in Mexico 175

Commercial Course; the first three years of what will be a six-year Normal Course. Cost per boarder, $175; per day pupil, $30. Build­ ings : One large two-story building passed over to the American Board by the Methodist Board in 1922. Miss Margarita Wright, Principal. Enrolment 177. A School Club was organized last year to help needy students; it contains the germs of self-government.

Guadalajara: Stephens Dispensary at Ahualulco. Founded 1920 by the Mission. Buildings: Three rooms and ashed, forming part of Mission property with chapel and preacher’s residence. Miss Lidia Camacho, a trained nurse, in charge. Treatments 4,855.

Hermosillo: Instituto Corona.f Founded 1916 by Lora Frances Smith. Grade: Secondary School with musical and literary departments. Cost of student’s support, $150 a year. Buildings: One, erected 1923, used as schoolhouse and dormitory. Miss Claribel L. Bickford, Principal. Enrolment 110.

Mazatlan: El Pacifico School.J Work opened in October, 1922, with Miss Elizabeth J. Richards in charge. She reports 18 in the day school and 62 men, women and children in the English classes. A plot of ground has been bought for a modest building with playground and teachers’ residence overlooking the bay.

Mexico City: Union Theological Seminary. Founded 1917 by the Missions. Departments: a 3-year course for ministers and a 3-months course for lay workers; Model Bible School founded 1921 by Mrs. H. H. Barber. Board and room, $150 a year. Rev. John Howland, Principal. Enrolment 18 regular, 8 special, students.

Mexico City: Union Bookstore. Founded 1919 by representa­ tives of several missions. It comprises a publishing house, press, bookstore. Rev. John Howland on Board of Directors.

Publications: In Guadalajara the Mexico Microbe, El Avance, El Atenes. In Mexico City the Annual Bulletin of the Student Asso­ ciation of the Seminary. The Union Bookstore issues Mexico, El Fanal, El Mundo Cristiano, Estudios Bibliecos, and last year published two hymn books, a church record book, a treatise on Homiletics and a multitude of tracts. 176 Mission in Spain

MISSION IN SPAIN

Barcelona (1910). — Rev. Wayne H. Bowers: In charge of all the church and evangelistic work; Mission secretary. Mrs. Margaret C. Bowers: Work for women.

Bilbao (1914). —

Associated with the Mission. — (Barcelona) Miss Gertrude Bigelow: Director of the Colegio Internacional. Miss Bertha Blodgett; Miss Frances R. Tredwell; Mrs. Alice C. Ward: Teachers in Girls’ School. All the missionaries are on the field. Miss Cilley and Miss Viets have completed their terms of service, and Miss Gertrude Bigelow, Miss Bertha Blodgett and Mrs. Alice V. Ward went out in 1923 to teach in the Girls’ School.

STATISTICS (1922). — Stations 1; outstations 5; population of field 3,000,000. The missionaries: ordained 1; wives 1; total mis­ sionaries 2; associate workers 5. The native force: ordained preachers 5; unordained preachers 1; men teachers 3; women teachers 16; other workers 1; total workers 26. The native church: Places of regular meeting 6; organized churches 6, with 256 communicants and 16 added during the year; total constituency 2,500. Sunday Schools 6, with 473 members; Christian Endeavor Societies 5, with 75 members. The educational work: There are 2 students from the Mission in the Bible School at Madrid connected with the Irish Presbyterian Mission; Girls’ Middle School 1, with 73 pupils; primary schools 6, with 453 boys and 260 girls; total schools 7, and total under instruction 786. The native contributions for all purposes were $1,252.

SPAIN

Millions in Spain are almost atheistic because they are utterly out of touch with Rome and have never seen any other interpretation of Christianity. Right here is the tremendous need of the nation: millions of souls hungry for the spiritual food that satisfies. The work has gone ahead in a normal way, steadily spreading a knowledge of Christ in the midst of ignorance, indifference and skepti­ cism. Even though numerical gains are small it has directly promoted Mission in Spain 177

Bible reading and given clearer ideas of Christianity, for thousands who may never enter the mission churches. The six regular churches have a total of about two hundred and fifty communicant members. The schools are filled to capacity and in several places children have had to be turned away for lack of space. In Bilbao and Santander special rooms have been equipped as meeting places of the juvenile Christian Endeavor Societies. Owing to these societies and the social work done by the teachers outside of school hours many attend the Sunday Schools who do not attend the day schools of the Mission, a fact best appreciated by those who understand conditions in Catholic countries. The members of the above two Missions, Bilbao and Santander, have started widely advertised evening meetings in the important industrial towns of Baracaldo and Penilla. These are paving the way for a more permanent work in Baracaldo and thus for a broader plan of establish­ ing a chain of interests in the entire district. The giving in these six churches has increased 60% during the past year owing to a system of weekly envelopes introduced for the first time in Spain. In this respect this Mission group sets a good example to the other little Mission groups of the seven that have united to form the “Spanish Evangelical Church,” and in other matters also they look to it as a sort of model organization. A Federation has recently been formed, com­ posed of this Spanish Evangelical Church, the English Wesleyans and the Anglicans, which has prepared a modest program of cooperative work. So much do the others depend upon the “Norte” or our Mis­ sion group for leadership that what it does will almost certainly set the pace for the rest. “ The general effect of Evangelical missions on the nation at large,” writes Mr. Bowers, “ has been evidenced quite recently by a movement on the part of a combination of several liberal political parties, aiming at a reform of the Constitution granting greater religious liberty. The measure was violently opposed by the Roman church, and was defeated owing to their superior organization and the lack of real heroism and determination on the part of the so-called liberal politicians. The project, however, had been launched quite without any work on the part of evangelical elements in Spain, and represented a genuine feeling that such reforms were necessary. The incident goes to prove two things: the slow but steady results of the Protestant work in Spain on the national consciousness; and the necessity of continuing and increas­ 178 Mission in Czechoslovakia ing the work, seeing how much yet remains to be done in the way of bringing the people to the point of heroic work and sacrifice in order to obtain religious liberty.”

SCHOOLS

Barcelona: Colegio Internacional.* Founded 1874 by Mrs. Alice Gordon Gulick at Santander. Moved in turn to San Sebastian, Biarritz, Madrid and Barcelona. Incorporated under the laws of Massachusetts in 1899. Staff: Miss Gertrude Bigelow, Directora; Miss Frances C. Tredwell, Miss Winnifred Curtis, Mrs. Alice V- Ward, Miss Bertha Blodgett. Enrolment 73. Day Schools. These number 14 with an enrolment of 713.

♦Supported by the Woman’s Board of Missions.

MISSION TO CZECHOSLOVAKIA

Prague (1873). •— Rev. John S. Porter: In charge of all the Mission work; supervision of churches. Mrs. Lizzie L. Porter.

STATISTICS (1922). — Stations 1; outstations 110; population of the field 14,000,000. The missionaries: ordained 1; wives 1; total missionaries 2. The native force: ordained preachers 20; unordained 10; Bible women 3; total workers 33. The native church: Places of regular meeting 140; organized churches 30, of which 7 are self sup­ porting; communicants 3,250; added during the year 389; total con­ stituency 12,000. Sunday Schools 62, with 1,789 pupils. The Mission carries on no educational work, but there are six students now training in the Theological School. Native contributions for Christian work $15,000.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY FOR THE ISLANDS AND PAPAL LANDS

Stations 11; outstations 208; population of the field 19,685,000. The missionaries: ordained men 10; unordained men 3; wives 13; single women 11; total missionaries 37; associate workers 11. The native force: ordained preachers 49; unordained 59; teachers 67; Mission in Czechoslovakia 179 other workers 23; total workers 198. The native church: Places of regular meeting 302; organized churches 77; communicants 9,246; added during the year 907 ; total constituency 35,097. Sunday Schools 218, with a membership of 7,379; Christian Endeavor Societies 114, with 3,811 members. The educational work: Training and theological schools 1, students 16; students in college 2; secondary schools 4, with 178 pupils; primary schools 33, with 1,978 pupils; kindergartens 3, with 55 pupils; total schools 40, and total under instruction 2,239. The native contributions for Christian work $19,271; for education $8,914; for other purposes $1,296; total contributions $30,733. The medical work: Hospitals 2; in-patients 2,784; dispensaries 3; dis­ pensary patients 10,993; total treatments 15,379.

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

In October, 1923 was celebrated the fifth anniversary of the beginning of the Czechoslovak Republic. The month marks also the thirty-second anniversary of Dr. J. S. Porter’s arrival in Prague, and the changes he has witnessed illustrate the power of the principle of Life, that, hidden in a tiny buried seed, must break through the hard ground and grow toward the Light. In 1891 the mother church in Prague was dependent on the Board. It now supports two pastors and helps generously in the mission work; the second church is also self-supporting, large and flourishing; the third will be self-supporting beginning with January, 1924; the fourth has a large new hall to worship in. There are thirty churches in the Mission, seven of them self- supporting, with 20 ordained and 10 unordained preachers, and 3,254 communicants, 389 added by confession the past year. Several more churches can be organized when there are pastors fitted to man them. Services are held in little rooms, school houses, city halls, every conceivable place. Services now are public — as public as in any church in America. Thirty-two years ago the people of Husinec hardly knew the name Protestant. Now the pastor there is ministering not only to the church but to thousands of visitors from all parts of the Republic and from other countries — pilgrims to the birthplace of John Huss. Prfbram, the pilgrimage place, a center of darkness in 1891, has a flourishing work now. 180 Mission in Czechoslovakia

The church in Klatovy celebrated its thirtieth anniversary by the purchase of a building lot for a house of worship. There are now several churches in Moravia which was hardly entered in 1891. One of the churches of Eastern Bohemia has doubled its membership. In two places in Southern Bohemia church members are headmen or mayors of their cities. Our first church in Slovakia has just been established; here the old Hungarian law still obtains that requires a man who leaves a state church to pay his tax into the treasury of that church for five years. A little struggling work in the mining town of Kladno was taken over thirty years ago and is continuing in spite of great difficulties; a very enterprising work further on to the west is largely ministered to by a man who earns his living in the bowels of the earth. In all there are 110 out-stations in the Mission and 140 places of preaching. The people^have given more the past year in spite of wide-spread unemployment than ever before, two thousand dollars more than in 1922, SI5,000 in all. It seemed as if they really gave beyond their means. The deaconess work is a splendid growing work, with sixty nurses; two have been sent to the state training school for nurses. There are sixty-two Sunday Schools with a membership of 1,789. The young people arranged and financed a conference last spring which was a great success; a very earnest spirit was manifested and a strong stand taken against dangerous forms of amusement and in favor of real evangelistic progress. And with the young people fully enlisted, the work cannot fail to grow in spite of the difficulties that confront it still. And it reaches out to the Czech and Slav communities in America itself, for twenty girls are fitting in the Schauffler and other Training Schools for city and home mission work. Truly bread cast upon the waters returns to us after many days! TREASURER’S REPORT

Since 1920 the personnel of the Treasury Department has been gradually chang­ ing and this year we record with sorrow the retirement of Mr. John G. Hosmer, who for nearly twenty-five years faithfully served the Board and its missionaries in the office of Purchasing and Publishing Agent. He has been succeeded by Mr. Harvey L. Meeken, who was his assistant for many years. The year which ended August 31, 1923, was in many ways one of the most remark­ able years, from the financial point of view, that the American Board has had. The Prudential Committee having in mind the mandate of the meeting held in Los Angeles, July, 1921, that retrenchment was unthinkable, did not attempt to reduce the work of the Board for the year just ended, but practiced the strictest economy in making its appropriations. Early in the summer a careful study was made of receipts and expenditures for the ten months ending June 30, 1923, and careful estimates were made of receipts and expenditures for J uly and August, the last two months of the fiscal year. On the basis of this study and estimate the accountants issued the following statement: —

F. W. LAFRENTZ & CO. (Formerly American Audit Co.) Post Office Square Building, Boston, Mass.

July 14, 1923

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, Boston, Mass. Gentlemen: We have audited the books and approved the vouchers of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions for the ten (10) months ended June 30, 1923, and hereby certify to the accuracy of the records submitted for the period. On the basis of the deficit shown at June 30, 1923, and after careful computation of estimated receipts and expenses with the necessary adjustments for accounting pur­ poses, it is estimated that the deficit for the current year ending August 31, 1923, will be about $95,000.00. Respectfully submitted, F. W. Lafrentz & Co.

Based on this statement an appeal was made to the Churches and friends of the American Board. As a result of the appeal the money received from individuals, churches, Sunday Schools and Christian Endeavor Societies in July and August exceeded the estimate by approximately $88,000, which with a saving of about $6,000 of the estimated expenditures reduced the threatened deficit to an actual one of $63.47. This proves that the Board has a host of friends and their continued loyalty is a cause for gratitude and rejoicing. 181 182 Report of the Treasurer

Below is a comparative analysis of the receipts of the years which ended August 31, 1922 and August 31, 1923 : — 1922 1923 Gifts from Churches $522,428.01 $590,389.42 Gifts from Individuals 125,109.31 184,036.09 Matured Conditional Gifts 49,479.65 27,225.00 Income from General Permanent Fund 30,772.14 33,623.75 Income from D. Willis James Foundation and Higher Educational Work Endowment 63,473.34 68,566.66 Income from Miscellaneous Funds 50,255.52 45,467.09 Woman’s Boards 557,306.38 514,648.65 Sunday Schools and Christian Endeavor Societies 17,535.15 18,511.27 Receipts for Special Objects 185,952.42 183,524.49 Legacies 260,364.98 198,861,62 General Income 41,402.26 45,219.57

$1,901,079.36 $1,910,073.60

GAIN IN GIFTS FROM LIVING DONORS

The foregoing statement shows that gifts from individuals, Churches, Sunday Schools and Christian Endeavor Societies this year exceed those of last year by $127,864.31.

TWENTIETH CENTURY FUND AND LEGACIES

The amount available for the work of the Board from the Twentieth Century F und and Legacies was $61,503.36 less than last year. This, however, is not as bad as it at first appears because it will be remembered that last year the income from legacies had been unusually large, and that the Prudential Committee voted, in view of the large receipts from legacies, to take an additional $50,000 out of the Twentieth Century Fund so that the real loss in receipts from the Twentieth Century Fund and Legacies this year is $11,503.36. Each year demonstrates the wisdom of establishing the Twentieth Century Fund, which acts as an equalizing fund for legacies and avoids marked differences in the amount available from legacies from one year to another.

CONDITIONAL GIFT FUND

There was received during the year from the Conditional Gift Fund because of matured Conditional Gifts $27,225.00 which was $19,250.65 less than received from the same source during the preceding year. There have been received during the year forty new Conditional Gifts, which is five more than received during the pre­ vious year. The balance of the Conditional Gift Fund, together with other funds which are really Conditional Gift Funds but áre, because of certain terms in the agreement, necessarily invested separately, now amounts to $1,335,203.13. The amount available from matured Conditional Gifts for the work of the Board in any year depends of course upon the number of cases where the conditions are fulfilled during the year; that is, these gifts, as thename implies,are received on condition that Report of the Treasurer 183 the Board pay during the life of one or more persons a certain sum yearly, and when those who are to benefit under a particular gift are deceased a sum equal to the ori­ ginal gift is then taken from the large fund and used for the general work of the Board and is known as a matured Conditional Gift. It may not be out of place at this point to call attention to the Conditional Gift Plan. This method of giving to the Board is becoming more and more popular each year. By this method persons are enabled to give a large part of their substance to the Board with the assurance that as long as they live they will receive a stated sum annually from the Board, and they have the further assurance that their gift will be used by the Board in spreading the Gospel in foreign countries. The money thus given becomes the absolute property of the Board as soon as received. This method of giving obviates any possibility of a contest over a gift made by way of a will, and yet does not prevent the making of a further gift by will.

GENERAL PERMANENT FUND

The General Permanent Fund consists of gifts made to the Board, the income only of which can be used for the regular work of the Board. The income from this fund amounted to $2,851.60 more than that of the previous year and during the last fiscal year the principal of this fund increased by $4,983.58 and now stands at a total figure of $594,177.01.

N E W FU N D S

In addition to several funds under the sum of $5000 there was received during the year the following: — Luke W. Fowle Fund, — the income of which is to be used for several annuities under Mr. Fowle’s will and there­ after for the general work of the Board. $124,338.63 John K. Brown Memorial Fund — the income of which is to be used for the support of a missionary, prefer­ ably in Turkey and in the Harpoot Field $10,000.00

CO-OPERATING SOCIETIES

The pecuniary accounts on the following pages include as usual the expenditures for the field work of the co-operating societies, these being the Woman’s Board of Missions, the Woman’s Board of Missions of the Interior, the Woman’s Board of Missions for the Pacific and the Canadian Congregational Foreign Missionary Society. These societies adopt their own budget and are responsible for thé raising of their own funds, yet the work on the field is administered under the direction of the American Board. The work for which they assume the financial responsibility is a most valu­ able part of the foreign work and the success of these societies is of course necessary to the success of the American Board work. The successful raising of the J ubilee Fund by the Woman’s Board for the Pacific has brought about increased receipts for their work. 184 Report of the Treasurer

EXPENDITURES The effect of strict economy without retrenchment has affected a saving on the field expenditures of $27,956.68. This is partly due to the fact that fewer new mis­ sionaries have been sent out this year and partly due to the fact that only the most necessary building operations were undertaken. The administration and promo­ tion expenses have increased $19,481.10, of which $14,309.65 was due to the increase from $20,000 to $34,309.65 in the Board’s share of the expenses of the Commission on Missions. Part of this is due to the larger budget of the Commission and part due to the fact that the Board’s proportional share of its budget was greater than last year. The balance of the increase, while scattered through a large number of ac­ counts, is due in a large part to the addition of an Associate Secretary in the New York office and the additional expense this year of Board publications.

SUMMARY OF RESULTS The statement on the following pages shows that the Missions cost $1,702,709.33 That administration and promotion expenses were 200,180.57 That the Co-operating Societies owed Sept. 1, 1922 51,831.46

$1,954,721.36 That receipts were $1,910,073.60 That Co-operating Societies owed Aug. 31, 1923 44,584.29 1,954,657.89

*Deficit for fiscal year ended August 31, 1923 63.47 Deficit brought forward from previous year 180,039.94

T o t a l deficit August 31, 1923 $180,103.41

*Note— The deficit for the year ending August 31, 1923 has been covered by gifts received since the books closed. On reopening the books Sept. 1st the proper entries were made to cancel this deficit of $63.47 so that the total deficit now stands at the old figure of $180,039.94. The increased giving of individuals, churches, Sunday Schools and Christian En­ deavor Societies, or those we call our living donors, indicates the responsibility that they feel for the work of the American Board, and it is indeed gratifying to know that so many friends of the Board rally to its support when the situation is thoroughly understood. Too much appreciation cannot be given to these loyal friends, but it would be unwise to close this report without calling attention to the fact that in order to carry on the work as at present, without any attempt to increase the work of spreading the Gospel, these friends must continue their generous giving, and on the other hand if the Board is to press forward to care for the work which is waiting for our help the Board must have more friends and money than it now has. There are undoubtedly thousands in the Congregational Churches in the United States who are now not numbered among the Board’s constituency who could give at least something to the work of the Board if they realized the need of the Mission field with the untold opportunities to spread the Gospel of Christ. The Prudential Committee and officers of the Board are sincerely thankful and grateful to everyone who has con­ tributed to the success of this year’s work. Respectfully submitted, FREDERICK A. GASKINS, Treasurer. Report of the Treasurer 185

AUDITORS' CERTIFICATE

The books and accounts of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, Frederick A. Gaskins, Treasurer, have been carefully examined for year ended August 31, 1923, under our direction by F. W. Lafrentz & Co., formerly the American Audit Company, of this city and their report of same is now submitted and included in our certificate as follows: F. W. LAFRENTZ & CO. Formerly the American Audit Co.

Boston, September 28, 1923.

Edwin H. Baker, Esq. Chairman, Board of Auditors, American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, Boston, Massachusetts.

Dear Sir: We beg to advise that we have audited the books and approved the vouchers of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions for the fiscal year ended August 31, 1923, and hereby certify to the accuracy of the accounts for the year as stated in summarized form in the general ledger closing with a deficit of $180,103.41 to the debit of the Board. In the course of our examination we have checked the entire cash receipts and dis­ bursements for the year, and have verified the balance in safe and on deposit at the end of the period under review. Respectfully submitted,

F. W. LAFRENTZ & CO.

We have examined the certificates of stocks, bonds and all other securities of the Board as recorded in pages thirty-six to seventy-one inclusive, of the Securities Record Book (C) of the Treasurer, and have found same to correspond perfectly with that record, which record has been checked and proven by the expert accountants above re­ ferred to with the balances as they appear in the ledger accounts of these securities, the aggregate amount of same being six millions, two hundred four thousand, five hundred seventy-one and 89/100 ($6,204,571.89). The bonds of the Treasurer, Assistant Treasurer, Cashier and two clerks in the Treasury Department were submitted to the Auditors and found to be in order, after which they were returned to the Chairman of the Prudential Committee, Custodian of same.

(Signed)

HERBERT J. WELLS ] FRANCIS O. WINSLOW \ Auditors. HENRY P. KENDALL J

October 5, 1923. 186 Report of the Treasurer

PECUNIARY ACCOUNTS

EXPENDITURES OF THE BOARD DURING THE YEAR ENDED AU G U ST 31, 1923

COST OF THE MISSIONS

West Central Africa Mission Field expenses ...... $58,422.63 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 7,543.51 Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to Africa 506.91 Grant for missionaries’ child in this country ...... 810.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 959.95 $68,243.00

Rhodesia Branch, South Africa Mission Field expenses ...... $26,012.39 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 3,847.03 Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to Africa 806.78 Traveling expenses from Africa ...... 5,047.14 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country ...... 1,612.50 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 565.69 $37,891.53

Zulu Branch, South Africa Mission Field expenses ...... $52,011.74 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 7,358.46 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to Africa 2,636.99 Traveling expenses from Africa ...... 4,279.59 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country ...... 900.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 977.09 $68,163.87 Balkan Mission Field expenses ...... $41,703.85 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 2,988.28 Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses to Mission ...... 336.21 Traveling expenses from M ission ...... 1,108.68 Grants for missionaries’ children in this c o u n t r y ...... 1,295.83 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 668.54 $48,101.39

Western Turkey M is non Field expenses ...... $141,634.20 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 22,944.51 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to Turkey ...... 2,549.18 Traveling expenses from Turkey ...... 4,279.27 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country ...... 1,940.83 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 2,125.61 $175,473.60

Amount carried forward $397,873.39 Report of the Treasurer 187

Amount brought forward $397,873.39

Central Turkey Mission

Field expenses ...... $60,390.25 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 7,882.86 Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to Turkey ...... 1,407.03 Traveling expenses from Turkey ...... 998.59 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country ...... 22.50 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 908.53 $71,609.76

Marathi Mission

Field expenses ...... $106,732.28 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 14,273.27 Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to India 3,505.20 Traveling expenses from India ...... 11,978.95 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country ...... 762.50 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 1,217.08 $138,469.28

Madura Mission

Field expenses ...... $152,785.30 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 13,266.77 Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to India 4005.35 Traveling expenses from India ...... 4,956.04 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country ...... 387.50 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 1,559.92 $176,960.88

Ceylon Mission

Field expenses ...... $31,466.06 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 7,705.70 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to Ceylon 6,038.32 Traveling expenses from C e y lo n ...... 395.17 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country ...... 450.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 377.12 $46,432.37

South China Mission

Field expenses ...... $14,073.00 Exchange ...... 274.45 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 924.96 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to China 663.07 Traveling expenses fron South China ...... 156.33 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 154.28 $16,246.09

Amount carried forward $847,591.77 188 Report of the Treasurer

Amount brought forward $847,591.77

Foochow M ission Field expenses ...... $72,878.06 Exchange ...... 3,920.20 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 9,185.67 Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to China 7,695.93 Traveling expenses from China ...... 2,372.93 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country ...... 390.83 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 1,234.22 $97,677.84

North China Mission Field expenses ...... $272,937.54 Exchange ...... 14,976.89 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 14,980.00 Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to China 16,275.59 Traveling expenses from China ...... 10,127.95 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country ...... 3,606.16 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 3,291.27 $336,195.40

Shaowu Mission Field expenses ...... $26,697.91 Exchange ...... 1,856.19 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 5,335.99 Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to China 4,185.22 Traveling expenses from China ...... 3,268.49 Grant for missionaries’ children in this country...... 600.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 428.55 $42,372.35

Japan Mission Field expenses ...... $175,638.30 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 18,407.72 Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to Japan 3,901.07 Traveling expenses from Japan ...... 10,072.57 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country ...... 2,323.33 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 1,748.49 $212,091.48

Mexico Mission Field expenses ...... $48,150.93 Expenses of missionaries in this country ...... 1,493.14 Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to Mexico 1,860.69 Traveling expenses from Mexico ...... 194.16 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 394.27 $52,093.19

Micronesia Mission Field expenses ...... $8,306.86 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 540.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 68.57 $8,915.43

Amount carried forward $1,596,937.46 Report of the Treasurer 189

Amount brought forward $1,596,937.46

Spain Mission Field expenses ...... $21,549.81 Expenses of missionaries in this country ...... 1,000.00 Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to Spain 1,225.03 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 51.43 Traveling expenses of missionaries from Spain ...... 558.33 $24,384.60

Czechoslovakia Mission Field expenses ...... $10,475.02 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 995.12 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 51.43 $11,521.57

Philippine Mission Field expenses ...... $65,706.64 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 2,820.61 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to Philippine Islands...... 978.47 Procuring and forwarding supplies . 359.98 $69,865.70

Total cost of m ission s...... $1,702,709.33

COST OF COMMUNICATING INFORMATION

1. Agencies Salaries of District Secretaries and their assistants $15,444.20 Traveling expenses of Secretaries (including District Secre­ taries) ...... 5,132.35 Traveling expenses of returned missionaries and others in this department...... 3,239.49 Circulars, tracts, maps, clerk hire, postage, and stationery 7,051.20 Lantern Slides ...... 1,061.73 Advertising...... 576.00 Expenses District Offices...... 4,305.72 Expenses News Bulletins ...... 7,810.17 $44,620.86

2. Commission on Missions Share in expense budget of Commission on Missions.... $34,309.65

3. young People's Department Clerk hire...... $1,626.45 Circulars, tracts, stationery and postage . . $1,161.77 Less receipts from sales ...... 2.46 1,159.31 $2,785.76

Amount carried forward $1,784,425.60 190 Report of the Treasurer

Amount brought forward $1,784,425.60

4. Publications

American Board share of Cost of Missionary Herald, in­ cluding salaries of editor and general agent and copies sent gratuitously, according to the rule of the Board, to pastors and honorary members $14,648.00 Deduct amount of Income from M issionary Herald Fund ...... 148.10 $14,499.90 Annual Report, 1922 ...... 2,080.62 Year Book of Missions, $1,305.24, less $695.61 received from sales...... 609.63 Clerk hire...... 1,424.50 Pamphlets, tracts, Envelope Series, and miscellaneous printing, $3,166.85 less subscriptions, sales, and stock on hand, $1,634.94 ...... 1,531.91 Editorial Dept., expenses...... 3,307.65 $23,454.21

COST OF ADMINISTRATION

1. Foreign Department Salaries of Secretaries (less amount received from Fund for Officers)...... $13,227.54 Clerk hire, stationery, and postage ...... 7,072.51 $20,300.05

2. Home Department Salaries of Secretaries (less amount received from Fund for O fficers)...... $12,727.53 Clerk hire, stationery, and postage ...... 5,788.51 $18,516.04

3. Candidate Department Salary of Secretary, clerk hire, travel, stationery ...... $5,238.35 Candidates Conference expenses...... 227.78 $5,466.13

4. Treasurer's Department Salaries of Treasurer and Assistant Treasurer (less amount received from Fund for Officers), clerk hire, stationery, and postage ...... $24,135.52

5. Miscellaneous Charges Rent and care of Missionary Rooms, in part ...... $10,727.02 Electric lights ...... 305.59 Furniture and repairs ...... 889.30 Part salary of Business Agent and salaries of clerks serving in all d ep a rtm en ts...... 3,974.62

Amounts carried forward $15,896.53 $1,876,297.55 Report of the Treasurer 191

Amounts brought forward $15,896.53 $1,876,297.55

Expenses of Annual Meeting, 1922 ...... 2,099.30 Stationery, printing and binding ...... 365.59 Certificates of honorary membership and commissions for new missionaries ...... 41.41 Legal expenses...... 256.35 Books and periodicals for library...... 254.05 Insurance ...... 434.69 Rent of Boxes in safe deposit vaults ...... 265.00 Bill of examiner of accounts ...... 400.00 Incidentals ...... 385.85 Telephone service ...... 919.11 Foreign Missions, and International Missionary Confer­ ences, and Missionary Education Movement 4,035.00 Cablegrams and telegra m s...... 47.73 Alterations in office ...... 1,109.70 Postage...... 82.04 ------$26,592.35

Total expenditures ...... $1,902,889.90 Net amount due from Co-operating Societies Sept. 1, 1922 51,831.46 American Board deficit, Sept. 1, 1922 ...... 180,039.94

Total $2,134,761.30

RECEIPTS

Total as per detail on page 4 ...... $1,910,073.60 Net amount due from Co-operating Societies, Aug. 31, 1923 ...... 44,584.29 •American Board deficit Aug. 31, 1923 ...... 180,103.41

Total $2,134,761.30

*See note on page 184 192 Report of the Treasurer

ASSETS

Cash: In Banks $131,522.93 Petty Cash Fund 3,145.00 $134,667.93

Accounts Receivable: Charge Sales Account 330.82 Outfits and Refits Account 435.19 Personal and Miscellaneous Accounts Debit Balances 60,032.67 Co-operating Societies 46,093.91 Branch Offices: New York $262.74 Chicago 282.67 San Francisco 200.18 745.59 Mission Accounts, Debit Balances 192,694.04 Transfer Account (Accounts unallocated) 36.69 300,368.91

Inventory: Merchandise, Supplies, etc. 6.555,35

Investments: (Schedule No. 1) Stocks, Bonds, Mortgages, etc. Separate Investments 2,426,869.80 General Investments 995,474.86 General Permanent Fund 592,861.64 Permanent Fund for Officers 44,280.00 Conditional Gifts Fund 1,117,816.48

5,177,302.78 Temporary Investments 1,027,269.11 6,204,571.89

Income Accounts. (Schedule No. 2) Funds invested separately, Debit Balances 5,203.78 General Invest ments, Debit Balances 21.77 5,225.55

Balance, Deficit, September 1,1922 180,039.94 Expenses in Excess of Income 63.47, Balance, Deficit, August 31, 1923 ------:— 180,103.41

$6,831,493.04 Report of the Treasurer 193

LIABILITIES

Drafts Payable: Mission Bills of Exchange $524,000.00 Mission Drafts 52,010.40 $576,010.40

Accounts Payable: Baring Brothers and Company, Ltd. 45.15 Personal and Miscellaneous Accounts 221,554.01 Mission Accounts, credit balances 231,867.73 Co-operating Societies 2,740.88 Women’s Board of Missions (advances) 141,344.00

Sundry and Special Deposits: Harpoot $13,413.76 Turkey Reconstruction 581.08 Temporary Deposits (unallocated) 1,713.10 15,707.94 613,259.71

Funds: (Schedule No.2) Invested separately 2,481,134.25 General Investments 1,015,511.19 Conditional Gifts 1,124,673.13 General Permanent 594,177.01 Permanent Fund for Officers 45,076.50 Miscellaneous Funds, Gifts, etc. (Schedule No. 3) Rehabilitation Fund 65,987.49 Albania Work Fund 32,448.86 Sundry 48,073.07 146,509.42 5,407,081.50

Income — Unexpended Balances: (Schedule No. 2) Funds invested separately 25,603.46 General Investment Fund 11,993.00 Conditional Gifts 4,933.00 42,529.46

Reserves: Investments 156,301.79 Turkey Contingencies 20,341.41 West Central Africa (trading goods, etc.) 15,968.77 192,611.97

$6,831.493.04 194 Report of the Treasurer

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS STOCKS

NATIONAL BANKS

Market Values Aug. 31, 1923 Book Values 42 shares American Exch. National Bank, New York $12,180.00 $8,436.00 99 “ Bay State National Bank, Lawrence, Mass. 12,960.00 6,000.00 50 “ Chicago National Bank, Chicago 25.00 300.00 300 " •Fourth National Bank, Wichita, Kans. 52,500.00 30,000.00 100 “ Illinois Merchants Trust Co., Chicago 39,400.00 10,000.00 18 “ •Lee National Bank 2,970.00 1,800.00 34 “ Merchants National Bank, Boston 10,030.00 6,450.00 41J “ *National Newark & Essex Banking Co. 11,756.25 3,202.50 43 “ National Shawmut Bank, Boston 8,815.00 5,695.38 12 “ Second National Bank, Boston 3,900.00 2,280.00 30 " Webster and Atlas National Bank, Boston ' 5,850.00 3,480.00

$163,266.25 $77,643.88

R A IL R O A D S

108 shares Atch., T. & S. Fe R. R., Preferred $9,396.00 $10,521.08 144 “ Boston & Albany R. R. Co. 21,024.00 34,147.50 313 “ Boston Elevated R. R. Co., Common 24,727.00 35,876.50 40 “ Boston Elevated R. R. Co., Preferred 3,680.00 3,960.00 50 “ Boston Elevated R. R. Co., Second Preferred 4,925.00 6,440.00 38 " •Boston & Maine R. R., Common 456.00 1,429.00 26 " •Boston & Maine R. R., 1st Preferred, Class A 520.00 1,206.00 13 “ •Boston & Maine R. R., 1st Preferred, Class C 325.00 850.00 6 “ *Boston & Maine R. R.t 1st Preferred, Class D 210.00 1,308.00 8 “ •Cayuga & Susquehanna R. R. 320.00 800.00 100 “ Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul R. R., Preferred 2,500.00 12,840.50 73 “ •Chicago & Northwestern Ry., Common 4,599.00 8,634.47 81 " Connecticut & Pass. River R. R., Preferred 5,670.00 4,744.57 3 " ■"Dexter & Newport R. R. 120.00 150.00 166 “ Illinois Central R. R. Co., Common 17,596.00 18,970.75 17 “ Illinois Central R. R. Co., Preferred 1,819.00 1,806.50 710 “ Maine Central R. R., Common 19,880.00 70,261.43 168 “ •Manhattan Ry. Co. 6,720.00 22,302.50 45 " •New York Central R. R. 4,387.50 3,893.30 241 " N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R. Co. 2,771.50 29,883.65 729 " Pennsylvania R. R. Co., par $50 30,982.50 41,573.38 9 “ •Peterboro R. R. Co. 450.00 405.00

Amounts carried forward $143,198.50 $312,004.13 Report of the Treasurer 195

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS — STOCKS — Continued

Market Values Aug. 31, 1923 Book Values Amounts brought forward $143,198.50 $312,004.13 12 shares ■"Rochester & Syracuse Co., Inc., Common 21.00 12.00 20 “ *Rochester & Syracuse Co., Inc., Preferred 700.00 500.00 1 " St. Louis-San Francisco Ry., Co., ) Preferred, >- 127.00 776.66 5 “ St. Louis-San Francisco Ry. Co., Com. Stock ) 25 “ ■"Southern Pacific Ry. Co. 2,175.00 2,125.00 10 “ ■"Union Pacific R. R. 1,330.00 1,330.00

$147,551.50 $316,747.79

INDUSTRIALS AND MISCELLANEOUS

15 shares *Adams Express Co. $ 1,020.00 $ 1,095.00 20 “ ■"Agricultural Insurance Co. 3,000.00 3,000.00 200 “ Allied Chemical & Dye Corp’n 12,950.00 16,782.09 3 “ ^American Candy Co., Pfd. 144.00 225.00 50 “ ■"American Chicle Co., Common 550.00 7,090.00 117 “ ■"American Exchange Securities Corp., Class A 1,836.00 1,870.60 102 “ ■"American Sugar Refining Co., Preferred 10,200.00 11,876.50 684 “ American Tel. & Tel. Co. 84,132.00 81,995.27 4 “ ■"American W oolen Co., Common 343.00 379.18 5 “ ■"Armour & Co., Preferred 500.00 447.50 1 “ ■"Ashtabula W ater Supply Co., Preferred 70.00 85.00 12 “ ■"Barney & Smith Car Co., Preferred 00.00 360.00 50 " *Bryant Chucking Grinder Co. 3,750.00 5,000.00 1 “ “"Central Steel Co., Preferred 40.00 90.00 23 “ “"Consolidated Fruit Jar Co. 1,150.00 1,150.00 2 “ *Consumers Co., Preferred 126.00 145.00 14 “ ■"Cosden & Co., Common 364.00 473.26 6 " *Creamery Package Mfg. Co., Preferred 588.00 570.00 187 “ Davis & Lawrence Co. 14,025.00 14,025.00 25 “ ■"Deere & Co., Preferred 1,500.00 1,987.50 1 “ ■"Defiance Machine W orks, Preferred 20.00 20.00 4| “ ■"Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Coal Co. 510.00 334.00 183 “ ■"Detroit Chemical W orks, Preferred 823.50 915.00 18 “ Devonshire Building Trust, Common 720.00 1,898.21 84 “ ■"Fairbanks, M orse & Co., Preferred 7,812.00 10,712.50 329 “ *Farr Alpaca Co. 63,168.00 7,702.34 750 “ *Fellows Medical Mfg. Co., Inc. 37,500.00 60,000.00 1 “ ""Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., Preferred 00.00 90.00 8 “ “"Franklin Co. 1,600.00 1,520.00 1 “ *Garford Motor Truck Co., Preferred 00.00 15.00

Amounts carried forward $248,441.50 $231,853.95 196 Report of the Treasurer

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS — STOCKS — Continued

Market Values Aug. 31. 1923 Book Values Amounts brought forward $248,441.50 $231,853.95

125 shares "“Gilbert & Bennett M fg. Co. 12,500.00 3,750.00 5 “ *Hardy & Co. 35.00 50.00 30 “ "“Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection & Ins. Co. 11,100.00 9,900.00 460 “ *Horr-Warner Co. 6,900.00 4,358.40 90 “ "“Hutchins Securities Co., Preferred 9,000.00 9,000.00 2 “ "“Hydraulic Steel Co. 20.00 100.00 51 “ "“Independent Telephone Co., Preferred 3,825.00 4,080.00 10 “ *Jefferson & Warren Tel. Co. 100.00 100.00 100 “ "“Keith ,Geo. E., Co., 1st Preferred 9,800.00 8,500.00 31 “ "“Kentucky Block Cannel Coal Co. 93.00 1,860.00 90 “ "“Lithowhite Silex Co. 1,125.00 1,125.00 10 “ "“Madison Woolen Co. 1,500.00 900.00 100 “ Massachusetts Cotton Mills 14,600.00 11,350.00 16 “ "“Massachusetts Gas Co., Preferred 1,088.00 1,040.00 20 “ *McCord Mfg. Co. 100.00 100.00 1 “ "“Metropolitan Paving Brick Co., Preferred 85.00 90.00 1 “ "“Miami Cycle Mfg. Co., Preferred 25.00 25.00 39 “ "“Michigan Fire & Marine Ins. Co. 3,120.00 3,120.00 79 “ "“Moline Plow Co., 1st Preferred 310.00 1,811.00 10 “ ^Nassau & Suffolk Lighting Co. 250.00 900.00 16 “ "“National Drug Co., 2nd Preferred 1,120.00 1,120.00 1 “ "“National Roll & Foundry Co., Preferred 85.00 70.00 10 “ "“New River Co., Common 370.00 10.00 22 “ "“New River Co., Preferred 1,650.00 230.00 272 “ "“New York Dock Co., Preferred 10,880.00 18,919.75 40 “ "“Northeastern Realty Co., Preferred 1,600.00 3,900.00 15 “ "“Northwestern Telegraph Co., par $50 675.00 825.00 100 “ "“Pan-American Petroleum & Transport Co., Com 5,900.00 8,150.00 308 “ "“Pan-American Petroleum & Transport Co., Class B 18,172.00 11,193.84 250 “ Pemberton Bldg. Trust 12,500.00 25,000.00 25 “ "“Pressed Steel Car Co. 1,250.00 2,250.00 5 “ "“Public Service Co. of Northern 111., Preferred 475.00 400.00 400 “ *Reece Button-Hole Machine Co. 6,000.00 6,000.00 6 “ "“Republic Motor Truck Co., Common 00.00 111.00 20 “ "“Republic Motor Truck Co., Preferred 00.00 1,240.00 2 " "“Republic Rubber Co., 1st Preferred 00.00 30.00 48 “ "“Sherman Apartment House Co. 2,400.00 2,400.00 2 “ "“Sherwin-Williams Co., Preferred 200.00 200.00 55 “ "“Smith, J. Hungerford Co., Preferred 4,950.00 5,500.00 2 " "“Soden, G. A. & Co., 1st Preferred 200.00 185.00

Amounts carried forward $392,444.50 $381,747.94 Report of the Treasurer 197

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS — STOCKS — Continued Market Values Aug. 31, 1923 Book Values Amounts brought forward $392,444.50 $381,747.94

10 shares ‘ Southern New England Tel. Co. 1,280.00 1,094.75 80 “ ‘ Spicer Mfg. Co. 1,600.00 1,600.00 25 “ ‘ Springfield Fire & Marine Ins. Co. 6,725.00 4,800.00 8 " ‘ Standard Oil Co. of Indiana 832.00 592.00 20 “ *Stover Mfg. & Engine Co., Preferred 1,840.00 1,700.00 6 “ ‘ The Silversmiths Co., Common 60.00 540.00 50 “ ‘ Tidewater Oil Co. 4,900.00 4,380.20 2 “ ‘ Tom Wye Inc. 200.00 200.00 52 “ ‘Union Stock Yards Co. of Omaha, Common 5,200.00 5,200.00 4 “ *United Gas & Electric Co., N. JM Preferred 180.00 280.00 2 “ *U. S. Smelting & Ref. Co., Preferred 84.00 87.00 193 “ *U. S. Steel C orp’n, Preferred 22,581.00 19,083.00 100 “ ‘ Western Union Telegraph Co. 10,600.00 8,458.00 84 “ * White Star Line 1,680.00 2,100.00 916 “ ‘ Williams, Davis, Brooks & Hinchman Sons,Pfd. 4,580.00 4 580.00 72 “ Worcester Electric Light Co. 19,800.00 11,535.36 78 “ Worcester Gas Light Co., Common 8,970.00 15,295.10 22 “ Worcester Gas Light Co., Preferred 2,244.00 2,200.00 276 “ Worthington Pump & Machinery Corp’n Class B., Preferred and $4.25 scrip 15,870.00 20,330.00 96 “ Worthington Pump & Machinery Corp’n Common, and $61.50 scrip 2,688.00 3,795.00

$504,358.50 $489,598.35

BONDS

GOVERNMENT, CITY AND STATE

Market Values Aug. 31, 1923 Book Values 2,000 bonds ‘ City of Cincinnati, Ohio, 3\ °/ q Ref., M ay 1, 1956 $1,650.00 $2,000.00 27,000 “ City and County of San Francisco, City Hall, 5 % , 1935 27,810.00 27,608.00 25,000 “ City and County of San Francisco, Exposi­ tion, 5%, 1934 25,625.00 24,937.50 1,000 “ ‘ City of Edmunton, Alberta, 6% , Sept., 1923 1,000.00 972.50

Amounts carried forward $56,085.00 $55,518.00 198 Report of the Treasurer

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS — BONDS — Continued Market Values Aug. 31, 1923 Book Values Amounts brought forward $56,085.00 $55,518.00 1,000 bonds *City of Port Huron, Canal Construction, 4 % January, 1932 930.00 855.00 <1 1,000 Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 3|% , N ov., 1923 960.00 1,000.00 9,000 “ Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 3?% , July 1935 8,640.00 9,000.00 7,000 II City of Minneapolis, 3£%, Jan. 1933 6,580.00 6,440.00 24,000 City of Tacoma, Spec. Water Fd., No. 2, 5 % , April, 1925 24,000.00 24,000.00 20,000 City of Toronto, 6% , July, 1951 21,100.00 19,700.00 7,000 II City of Toronto, Deb.* 5% , July, 1931 6,947.50 6.947.50 12,000 C ity o f Toronto, D eb., 5 % , July, 1943 11,850.00 11,850.00 <4 1,000 Dominion of Canada, 5% , Dec. 1925 980.00 880.00 5,000 II Dominion of Canada, 5%, April 1931 4,931.25 4,747.00 25,000 II Dominion of Canada, 5 f % , Aug. 1929 25,406.25 24,250.00 1,500 II Dominion of Canada, 5|%, Nov., 1923 1,470.00 1,305.00 2,000 II *Enid City, Okla., 6 % , 1935 2,140.00 2,000.00 50,000 It Government of Switzerland, 5^%, Aug., 1929 49,625.00 48,000.00 1,000 11 *Johnson County, Texas, Road bond, 5^%, M ay 1939 1,020.00 940.00 500 It *Montgomery Co., Tenn., Highway, 5% , January 1944 500.00 500.00 25,000 11 Province of British Columbia, 4 f% , Debentures, December, 1925 24,218.75 23,062.50 1,000 II ^Province of Ontario, 6% , Debenture, February, 1928 1,010.00 925.00 1,000 II *Town of Tacoma Park, Md., Water Works & Sewerage, 4 % , M ay, 1930 930.00 905.00 25,000 II United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Conv., 5|%, Aug., 1929 27,843.75 24,062.50 53,000 II United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, 5 f % , gold, Feb. 1937 54,126.25 52,291.88 2,750 a *United States of America, 1st Liberty Loan, H%, June, 1947 2,750.86 2,688.99 2,350 ti ’•‘United States of America, 1st Liberty Loan, 4 * % , J une, 1947 2,311.18 2,046.04 150 il *United States of America, 1st Liberty Loan registered, 4 i % , J une, 1947 147.38 139.50 350 il *United States of America, 2d Liberty Loan registered, 4 1 % , N ov., 1942 343.88 323.05 65,750 h *United States of America, 2d Liberty Loan, 4 1 % , 1942, 64,661.11 61,280.31

Amounts carried forward $401,458.16 $385,657.27 Report of the Treasurer 199

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS — BONDS — Continued Market Values Aug. 31, 1923 Book Values Amounts brought forward $401,458.16 $385,657.27 25,500 bonds United States of America, 3d Liberty Loan, registered, 4 1 % , N ov., 1928 25,189.22 25,454.80 44,650 " United States of America, 3d Liberty Loan, 4 1 % , Sept., 1928 44,148.88 41,326.52 90,950 44 United States of America, 4th Liberty Loan, 4 1 % , O ct., 1938 89,472.06 84,058.06 26,000 44 United States of America, 4th Liberty Loan, registered 4 1 % , Oct., 1938 25,577.50 25,928.00 4* 21,200 United States of America, Treasury Note, 4 1 % , M arch, 1927 21,200.00 20,226.84

$607,045.82 $582,651.49

RAILROADS $3,000 bonds *Alleghany & Western R. R., 1st Mtg., 4%, October, 1998 - $2,400.00 $2,242.50 2,000 44 *Anacostia & Potomac River R. R., 1st M tg., 5 % , April, 1949 1,740.00 2,000.00 51,000 44 Atcheson T. & St. Fe R. R., Gen. Mtg., 4%, October, 1995 45,135.00 47,439.60 22,500 44 Atcheson T. & S. Fe R. R., Adjustments, 4 % , November, 1995 17,859.38 19,214.15 6,000 41 *Atlantic Coast Line R. R., 1st Cons. Mtg., ' 4 % , July, 1952 5,220.00 4,500.00 9,000 41 *Baltimore, Chesapeake & Atlantic R. R., 1st M tg., 5% , September, 1934 4,050.00 9,000.00 10,000 <4 ■"Baltimore & Ohio R. R., P. L. E. & W . W. Ref., 4%, November, 1941 7,525.00 8,250.00 10,000 44 Baltimore & Ohio R. R., 1st Mtg., 4%, July, 1948 7,800.00 7,717.50 27,000 44 Baltimore & Ohio R. R., Ref. & Gen. Mtg., Series A, 5% , December, 1995 22,410.00 26,337.50 50,000 44 Boston & Albany R. R., Ref. Deb., 5%, October, 1963 48,500.00 51,165.00 50,000 4« Boston & Albany R. R., Deb. 3|%, April, 1952 36,750.00 41,530.00 3,000 14 *Boston & Maine R. R., Gen. Mtg., 4£%, January, 1944 1,950.00 2,030.00 26,000 44 Boston & Maine R. R., Gen. Mtg., 4%, September, 1926 18,200.00 22,180.00 2,000 44 Boston & Maine R. R., Gen. Mtg., 4 i% , April, 1929 1,300.00 1,660.

Amounts carried forward $220,839.38 $245,266.25 200 Report of the Treasurer

Market Values Aug. 31, 1923 Book Values Amounts brought forward $220,839.38 $245,266.25

10,000 bonds Boston Elevated Ry., Deb. 4|%, Nov. 1941 7,800.00 9,991.25 65,000 " Boston Elevated R y., Deb. 5 % , Dec., 1942 53,950.00 64,550.00 25,000 " Broadway & Seventh Ave., 1st Cons. Mtg., 5% , December, 1943 15,750.00 25,500.00 5,000 " Brooklyn Union Elev. R. R. Co., 1st Mtg., 4 % & 5% , February, 1950 3,950.00 4,860.00 25,000 “ Central Pacific Ry., 1st Ref. Mtg., 4%, August, 1949 21,750.00 22,207.50 11,000 " Central Vermont R. R., 1st Mtg., gold, 5%, M ay, 1930 9,542.50 9,758.75 2,000 “ ‘ Chesapeake & Ohio R. R., Gen. Mtg., 4|%, March, 1992 1,665.00 1,520.00 28,000 " C. B. & Q. R. R. Co., Gen. Mtg., 4%, March, 1958 21,940.00 23,427.50 10,000 “ Chicago & East. 111. R. R., 1st Con., 6%, October, 1934 10,462.50 10,900.00 25,000 “ Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul R. R., Deb. M tg., 4 % , July, 1934 13,750.00 23,000.00 25,000 “ Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul R. R., Gen. & Ref. Mtg., 4 j% , January, 2014 13,250.00 23,000.00 50,000 “ Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul R. R., Conv. 5%, January, 2014 30,000.00 50,000.00 25,000 “ Chicago & Northwestern Ry. Co., Gen. M tg. 5% , November, 1987 25,125.00 24,687.50 30,000 “ Chicago Railway Co., 1st Mtg. 5%, Feb., 1927 23,100.00 29,400.00 2,000 “ ‘ Chicago Railway Co., Cons. Mtg. 5%, Series A & B, February, 1927 1,110.00 1,180.00 10,000 “ ‘ Chicago, Rock Island & Pac. Ry., 1st Ref. Mtg., 4%, April, 1934 7,450.00 7,420.00 25,000 “ Chicago, Rock Island & Pac. Ry., Gen. Mtg., 4 % , January, 1988 19,312.50 21,367.50 25,000 “ Chicago, St. Paul, Minn. & Omaha Ry., Cons. M tg., 6% , June, 1930 25,125.00 26,562.50 7,000 “ *City & Suburban Ry. Co., Cons. 4%, 1930 5,600.00 8,188.42 2,000 “ ‘Clearfield & Jefferson Ry. Co. Co., 1st. M tg., 6 % , January, 1927 2,020.00 2,020.00 10,000 “ Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis R. R. Gen. M tg., 4 % , June, 1993 7,850.00 10,000.00 12,000 “ Cleveland, Lorain & Wheeling Co., Cons. 5 % , October, 1933 11,640.00 12,000.00 10,000 “ Columbus & 9th Ave., 1st Mtg., 5% , September, 1993 1,000.00 9,850.00

Amounts carried forward $553,981.88 $666,657.17 Report of the Treasurer 201

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS — BONDS — Continued

Market Values Aug. 31, 1923 Book Values Amounts brought forward $553,981.88 $666,657.17

1927 9,625.00 10, 100.00 50,000 “ Delaware & Hudson Co., Conv. 5%, October, 1935 46,750.00 50,439.42 3,000 “ *Des Moines City R. R. Co., Gen. & Ref. Mtg., 5%, January, 1936 2,070.00 2.865.00 1,000 “ *Eastern Mass. St. Ry. Co., Ref. Mtg., Series, A, 6% , January, 1929 980.00 900.00 25,000 “ Fitchburg R. R., Gen. Mtg. 5%, Jan., 1934 17,250.00 24.375.00 2,000 “ ‘Georgia, Carolina & Nor. R. R.,Co., 1st M tg., 5% , July, 1929 1,800.00 2,000.00 2,000 “ ‘ Georgia So. & Florida Ry. Co., 1st. Mtg., 5% , July, 1945 1,740.00 2, 000.00 17,000 “ Great Northern Ry. Co., Gold Bonds, 7%, July, 1936 18,062.50 16,405 00 25,000 “ Great Northern Ry. Co., Gen. Mtg., 5j% , January, 1952 24,562.60 24.112.50 25,000 “ Illinois Central R. R., 1st Mtg., Col. Trust, 4 % , April, 1952 21,000.00 22.625.00 £5,000 “ Illinois Central R. R., Sterling, 3|%, July, 1950 16,425.00 17.072.50 3,000 “ ‘ Indiana Ry. Co., 1st Mtg., 5 % Gold Bond, January, 1930 2,400.00 2.325.00 25,000 “ Interborough Rapid Transit Co., 1st & Ref. M tg. 5% , January, 1966 16,000.00 19.800.00 22,500 “ Interborough Rapid Transit Co., 10 yr. Sec. note, 7%, September, 1932 19,800.00 22.125.00 25,000 “ International Ry. Co., of Buffalo, Ref. & Imp., 5 % , November, 1962 13,375.00 23.650.00 1,000 “ *Iowa Central Ry. Co., 1st Mtg. 5%, June, 1938 600.00 750.00 24,000 “ Kansas City, Ft. Scott & Memphis R. R., Con Mtg., 6 % , M ay, 1928 24,480.00 25,776.25 2,000 “ ‘ Kentucky Central Ry. Co., 1st Mtg. 4%, gold, July 1987 1,600.00 2,000.00 5,000 “ Lake Shore & Mich. So. R. R., Deb. 4%, September, 1928 4,725.00 4,668.75 30,000 “ Lake Shore & Mich. So. R. R., Deb. 4%, M ay 1931 27,600.00 27.700.00 2,000 “ ‘Leavenworth Term. Ry., 1st Mtg. 5%, January, 1923 00.00 1.300.00

Amounts carried forward $824,826.98 $969,646.59 202 Report of the Treasurer

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS — BONDS — Continued Market Values Aug. 31, 1923 Book Values Amounts brought forward $824,826.98 $969,646.59

15,000 bonds Lexington Ave. & Pavonia Ferry Co., 1st Mtg., 5%, September, 1993 6,000.00 14,775.00 15,000 It Long Island R. R. Co., Unified Mtg., 4%, March, 1949 11,587.50 14,062.50 5,000 it Long Island R. R. Co., Ref. Mtg., 4%, 1949 3,875.00 4,725.00 10,000 Louisville & Nashville R. R., 1st Mtg., Coll. Trust, 5%, November 1931 9,800.00 10,000.00 50,000 tt Maine Central R. R., 1st & Ref. Mtg., 4|%, December, 1935 40,500.00 49,325.00 25,000 Michigan Central R.R., Debs., 4%, April, 1929 22,812.50 23,000.00 250 a Milford, Holliston & Farmingham St. Ry. extended 7’s of January 1923 (§ int. in 500 bond) 150.00 225.00 12,500 “ Missouri, Kansas & Texas R. R. Co., prior lien M tg., Series A, 5% , January, 1962 9,750.00 10,328.10 12,500 it Missouri, Kansas & Texas R. R. Co., prior lien M tg., Series B, 4 % , January, 1962 7,937.50 8,584.40 25,000 << Montreal Tramways Co., 1st & Ref., 5%, July, 1941 22,062.50 24,937.50 25,000 tt Nash. & Florence & Sheffield Ry. Co., 1st M tg., 5% , August, 1937 24,031.25 24,125.00 2,000 it *New Orleans, Tex. & Mex. Ry., 5%, Octo­ ber, 1935 1,515.00 1,000.00 56,000 n N. Y. Central R.R., Cons. Mtg., 4%, Febru­ ary, 1998 45,220.00 46,573.36 25,000 it N. Y. Central R. R., Cons. Debs. 6%, May, 1935 26,031.25 23,500.00 75,000 a N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R., Con. Debs., 6%, January, 1948 43,500.00 78,550.25 2,000 it N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R., Deb. 4%, May, 1956 600.00 1,000.00 10,000 «1 Nor. Pac. Ry. Co., Gen. Lien, gold, 3%, January, 2047 5,950.00 6,817.76 12,000 44 Nor.'Pac. Ry. Co., Prior Lien, 4%, Jan., 1997 10,050.00 9,247.05 1,000 ti *Ogdensburg & Lake Champlain, 1st Mtg., 4%, July, 1948 632.50 600.00 10,000 44 Oregon Ry. & Nav. Co., Con. Mtg., 4%, June, 1946 8,625.00 10,135.00 31,000 44 Oregon Short Line R. R., gold, 4%, Decem­ • ber, 1929 28,558.75 29,236.26

Amounts carried forward $1,154,015.73 $1,360,393.77 Report of the Treasurer 203

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS — BONDS — Continued

Market Values Aug. 31, 1923 Book Values Amounts brought forward $1,154,015.73 $1,360,393.77

15,000 bonds Oregon Short Line R. R., Con. Mtg., gold, 5% July, 1946 15,000.00 12,445.27 50,000 “ Pacific Ry. of Missouri, 2d Mtg., 5%, July, 1938 42,875.00 50,246.25 7,000 1“ Penn. R. R. Co., 15 yr. Sec., 6\ % , Feb., 1936, 7,507.50 6,938.75 2,000 '“ Penn. R. R. Co., Con. Mtg., 4|%, Aug., 1960 1,900.00 1,950.00 50,000 '“ Penn. R. R. Co., Gen. Mtg., 4|%, June, 1965 45,062.50 48,980.00 25,000 ‘“ Penn. R. R. Co., Gen. Mtg., Series B, 5%, December, 1968 24,812.50 23,625.00 1,000 1" *Pere Marquette Ry., 1st M tg., 4 % , July, 1956 937.50 750.00 1,200 ' ‘ *Pere Marquette Ry-., 1st M tg., 5% , July, 1956 930.00 985.00 12,000 ‘‘ St. Joseph & Gr. Island R. R., 1st Mtg., 4 % , January, 1947 8,280.00 11,320.00 3,000 ‘ 1 St. Lawrence & Adirondack R. R., 1st Mtg., 5% , July, 1996 2,647.50 2,377.50 50,000 *‘ St. Louis, Iron Mountain & So. Ry., Gen. Con. Ry. & Land Grant, 5%, April, 1931 47,250.00 47,740.00 15,000 ''* St. Louis & San Fran. Ry.,Pr. Lien “C” , 6%, July, 1928 14,887.50 14,400.00 10,000 *‘ St. Paul & Duluth R. R., 1st Mtg., 4%, June, 1968 7,500.00 10,050.00 25,000 *‘ Southern Pacific Co., 1st Mtg., (San. Fran. Terminal), 4 % , April, 1950 20,281.25 21,250.00 16,000 41 Toronto, Hamilton & Buffalo R. R., 1st M tg., 4 % , June, 1946 12,560.00 15,793.75 5,000 ‘* Union Pacific R. R., 1st Mtg., 4%, July, 1947 4,600.00 4,970.00 50,000 ‘ ‘ Union Pacific R. R., Sec. 6%, July, 1928 51,562.50 50,816.25 25,000 *1 Union Pacific R. R., 1st Lien & Ref. Mtg., 4%, June 2008. 20,312.50 21,190.00 10,000 "1 West End St., Ry., Deb. 65%, Feb., 1927 9,900.00 10,215.00 26,000 ' ' West End St. Ry. Co., Deb. 5%, July, 1930 22,490.00 24,960.00 10,000 ‘ ‘ Wisconsin Cen. R. R., 1st Mtg., 4%, July, 1949 7,800.00 9,075.83 5,000 "1 *Certif. Empire Trust Co., for 2d Mtg. Bonds, Middleton, Unionville & Water Gap R. R., (J int.) 00.00 5.00

$1,523,111.98 $1,750,477.37 204 Report of the Treasurer

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS — BONDS — Continued

TELEPHONE COMPANIES

Market Values Aug. 31, 1923 Book Values 151,000 bonds Am. Tel. & Tel. Co., Col. Trust, 4% , July, 1929 $139,486.25 $138,183.75 51,000 “ Am. Tel. & Tel. Co., Col. Trust, 5% December, 1946 50,043.75 50,056.25 6,500 “ Am. Tel. & Tel. Co., Conv. Trust, 6% August, 1925 7,540.00 6,139.38 34,000 “ New Eng. Tel. &Tel. Co., 5%, October, 1932 34,000.00 33,930.00 32,000 “ New Eng. Tel. & Tel. Co., 5%, June, 1952 31,160.00 31,240.00 50,000 “ New York Tel. Co., 4 i% , November, 1939 47,062.50 48,477.50 7,000 “ New York Tel. Co., Ref. Mtg., 6 %, Octo­ ber, 1941 7,323.75 6,947.50 80,000 “ New York Tel. Co., Sinking Fund Debs., 6 % , February, 1949 84,500.00 80,800.00 5,000 “ *Pacific Tel. & Tel. Co., 1st & Col., 5% , January, 1937 4,825.00 4,200.00 25,000 “ Southern Bell Telephone Co., 1st Mtg. Sinking Fund, 5 % , 1941 23,750.00 24,000.00 5,000 “ Western Tel. & Tel. Co., Col.Trust, 5%, Jan., 1932 4,825.00 4,800.00 10,000 “ Western Union Telegraph Co., Funding & Real Estate Mtg., 4§%, May, 1950 9,250.00 9,000.00 1,000 “ Western Union Telegraph Co., 5%, Janu- uary, 1938 925.00 820.00

$444,691.25 $438,594.38

PUBLIC UTILITIES

$25,000 bonds Adirondack Electric Power Corp’n, 1st mtg. 5% , Jan. 1962 $23,750.00 $24,875.00 3,000 “ “"Burlington Gas Light Co., 1st mtg.5% J a n .1955 2,400.00 2,680.00 1,000 “ *Butler Water Co., S. F. Mtg. 5%, July 1927 850.00 750.00 1,000 “ *Cedar Rapids W ater Co., 1st M tg. 5% , N ov. 1927 930.00 930.00 50,000 “ Cleveland Electric 111. Co., 1st Mtg. 5%, April 1939 49,000.00 50,000.00

Amounts carried forward $76,930.00 $79,235.00 Report of the Treasurer 205

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS — BONDS — Continued Market Values Aug. 31, 1923 Book Values Amounts brought forward $76,930.00 $79,235.00

April 1920, extended 3,450.00 5.000.00 2,000 ‘ *Columbus Power, 1st M tg. 5% , April 1936 1,980.00 1,600.00 40,000 ‘ Columbus Ry. Power & Light Co., 1st Ref. & Ext. Sink Fd., 5%, Oct. 1940 34,400.00 37.200.00 5,000 ‘ *Consolidated Lighting Co. of Vt., 1st M tg. 5 % , Jan. 1926 4,600.00 4.700.00 50,000 ‘ *Consumers Power Co., 1st Lien & Ref., 5 % , Jan. 1936 49,000.00 48.500.00 53,000 ‘ Consumers Power Co., 1st Lien & Unif. 5 % , Nov. 1952 46,110.00 49,517.50 3,000 ‘ *Council Bluffs Elec. & Gas Co., 1st Mtg. 5% , N ov. 1928 2,700.00 2.250.00 1,500 ‘ ^Delaware Water Co., 1st Mtg. 5%, Aug. 1934 1,125.00 1.250.00 50,000 ‘ Detroit Edison Co., 1st M tg. gold, 5% , Jan. 1933 52,000.00 49.750.00 50,000 ‘ Detroit Edison Co., 1st Ref. Mtg. 6%., July 1940 49,500.00 44.500.00 75,000 ‘ Duquesne Light Co., 1st Mtg. & Col. Trust, 6 % , July 1949 77,812.50 72.000.00 2,000 ‘ *Galesburg Ry. & Light Co., 1st Cons. Mtg. 5%, July 1934 1,680.00 2.000.00 20,000 1 Georgia Ry. & Electric Co., General 6%, Mar. 1948 19,800.00 19.400.00 1,000 ‘ Hydraulic Power Co. of Niagara Falls, Ref. Mtg., 5%, 1951 970.00 825.00 42,000 ‘ *Indiana Service C orp’n, 1st M tg. 5% , Jan. 1950 34,230.00 36,682 50 2,000 ‘ *Indianapolis Water Co., 1st Mtg. 5%, July 1926 2,000.00 1.700.00 10,000 ‘ Kansas C ity Gas Co., 1st M tg. 6% , F e b .1942 10,000.00 10.000.00 1,000 ' Kansas Gas & Electric Co., 6% , March 1952 950.00 950.00 500 ‘ *Leadville, Colo. W ater 1st & Ref. Gold, 5%, Aug. 1940 375.00 350.00 1,000 ‘ *Lewiston Gas Light Co., 1st M tg. 4 % , April 1924 950.00 870.00 50,000 1 Louisville Gas & Elec. Co., 1st & Ref. M tg. 5 % , N ov. 1952 43,875.00 45.750.00

Amounts carried forward $514,437.50 $514,030.00 206 Report of the Treasurer

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS — BONDS—Continued

Market Values Aug. 31, 1923 Book Values Amounts brought forward $514,437.50 $514,030.00

1,000 bonds Macon Ry. & Light Co., 1st Cons. Mtg., 5 % , Jan. 1953 800.00 1,000.00 20,000 II Massachusetts Gas Co., Gold Deb. 4\% Jan. 1931 17,800.00 19,350.00 25,000 Montreal Light, Heat & Power Co., 1st & Coll. Tr. 4 i% , Jan. 1932 23,875.00 23,625.00 1,000 <4 •Nebraska Power Co., 1st 5 % , June 1949 910.00 800.00 tl 49,000 Nevada-California Elec. Co., 1st lien, 6% Jan. 1946 45,325.00 45,840.00 1,500 II New York Edison, 1st & Ref. Mtg. 6%, Oct. 1941 1,646.25 1,586.00 13,000 14 Niagara Falls Power Co., 1st & Cons. Mtg. 6 % , Nov. 1950 13,487.50 13,060.00 1,000 <4 •Northern States Power Co., Gold Note 6%, April 1926 1,000.00 1,000.00 2,000 1« ‘ Northern Texas Traction Co., 1st M tg. 5 % , Jan. 1933 1,800.00 1,800.00 20,000 <4 Ohio Public Service Co., 1st & Ref. Mtg., 7% , Feb. 1947 20,600.00 20,175.00 30,000 14 Ohio Public Service Co., 1st & Ref. Mtg., 6 % , M ar. 1953 27,600.00 29,187.00 2,000 II Pacific Gas & Electric Co. 1st & Ref., 6%, Dec. 1941 2,060.00 1,970.00 10,000 •People’s Gas Light & Coke Co., Chicago, Ref. M tg., 5 % , July 1947 9,000.00 10 000.00 15,000 44 Phila. Suburban Gas & Electric Co., Gen’l, 6 % , Dec. 1969 13,725.00 14,400.00 28,000 <4 Portland, Ore. Gen. Electric Co., 1st Mtg., 5 % , July 1935 26,460.00 28,250.00 8,000 44 Puget Sound Power Co., 1st 5% , June 1933 7,560.00 8,160.00 1,000 <4 •Rahway City Water Works, N. J., 1st, 4 % , July 1932 800.00 800.00 20,000 44 Rochester Gas & Electric Co., Gen’l. Mtg. 7%, Mar. 1946 21,700.00 19,955.00 150 14 •Richmond, Ky. Water & Light Co., 1st M tg., 6 % , Jan. 1926 112.50 105.00 1,000 44 •St. Cloud Public Service Co., 1st M tg., 6 % , N ov. 1934 930.00 1,000.00 7,000 44 •St. Joseph W ater Co., 1st, 5% , April 1941, 5,215.00 5,250.00 20,000 44 •San Antonio W ater C o., Ref. M tg., 5 % , M ay 1931 16,000.00 20,000.00

Amounts carried forward $772,843.75 $781,343.00 Report of the Treasurer - 207

INVESTMENT OF FUNDS — BONDS —Continued

Market Values Aug. 31, 1923 Book Values Amounts brought forward $772,843.75 $781,343.00

10,000 bonds *San Dimas Water Co., 1st Mtg., 6%, July 1942 10,000.00 10,000.00 25,000 “ Scranton & Wilkes-Barre Traction Corp’n, 1st Ref., 5 % , Aug. 1951 18,250.00 23,750.00 10,000 “ Shawinigan Water & Power Co., 1st Ref. M tg., 6 % , 1950 10,350.00 10,212.50 2,000 “ *Sierra & San Fran. Power Co., 1st M tg., 5 % , Aug. 1949 1,695.00 1660.00 26,000 “ Southern Cai. Edison Co., Gen. & Ref. Mtg., 6%, Feb. 1944 26,260.00 25,500.00 1,000 “ ^Southern Light & Traction Co., 5%, Col. Trust, Mar. 1949 800.00 1,000.00 27,000 “ Southern Power Co., 1st Mtg. 5%, Mar. 1930 25,717.50 26,7.20.00 17,000 “ Tennessee Electric Power Co., 1st Ref. M tg., Series A ., 6 % , June 1947 15,970.00 16,390.00 10,000 " Toledo Edison Co., 1st Mtg., 7%, Sept. 1941 10,650.00 9,800 00 10,000 “ Union Electric Light & Power Co., Ref. & Ext. M tg., 5 % , M ay 1933 9,137.50 10,000.00 5,000 “ *Union Traction Co. of Indiana, Gen. Mtg. 6% , July 1932 3,350.00 4,750.00 50,000 “ Utah Power & Light Co., 1st M tg., 5% , Feb. 1944 44,250.00 47,375.00 26,000 “ Utica Gas & Electric Co., Ref. & Ext. Mtg. 5 % , July 1957 23,400.00 25,960.00 1,000 “ *Vermont Power & Lighting Co., 1st Mtg. 5 % , Mar. 1927 . 920.00 1,000.00 25,000 “ Washington Water Power Co., 1st Ref. M tg. 5 % , July 1939 24,875.00 25,000.00 11,000 11 West Penn Power Co., 1st Mtg. 5%, Mar. 1963 9,680.00 9,900.00 5,000 " *Wichita W ater Co., Gold 5% , Mar. 1931 4,300.00 3,750.00 10,000 11 Yadkin River Power Co., 1st M tg. 5% , Apr. 1941 8,750.00 8,875.00

$1,021,198.75 $1,042,985.50 208 Report of the Treasurer

INVESTMENT FUNDS — BONDS — Continued

INDUSTRIALS AND MISCELLANEOUS

Market Values Aug. 31, 1923 Book Values 9,000 bonds*Adams Express Co., Col. Trust, gold 4%, June 1947 $7,200.00 $8,335.00 1,000 tt *Agar Packing & Provision Co., Chicago, 1st M tg., 6|% , June 1937 990.00 1,000.00 4,000 a "“Ambassador Hotels, Atlantic City, N. J., 1st M tg., 6 % , Jan. 1929, 1930, 1936, 1939 3,960.00 4,000.00 1,000 it *American Real Estate Co., N. Y., 6%, 1917, in liquidation 40.00 948.50 50,000 it Armour & Co., real estate, 1st Mtg. 4£%, June 1939 40,625.00 46,365.00 1,000 tt *Athletic Club & Office Bldg., Altantic, N. J., 61%, July 1940 990.00 1,000.00 17,000 it Bitter Root Valley Irrigation Co., Cert. of Int., 8%, Series A 00.00 17,000.00 10,000 u Boston Terminal Co., 1st 3£% , Feb. 1947 7,800.00 10,250.00 3,000 tt *Cecil Apartment Hotel, St. Louis, Mo., 1st M tg., 7% , Oct. 1933 2,970.00 3,000.00 1,500 ^Chester Apartment Bldg., St. Louis, Mo., 1st Mtg., 7%, Feb. 1934 1,485.00 1,500.00 10,000 ti Chicago J unction Rys. & Union Stock Yard Co., Col. Trust, 4%, April 1940 8,200.00 10,187.50 15,000 €t Colo. Fuel & Iron Co., Gen. M tg., S. F. 5% , Feb. 1943 13,012.50 13,500.00 322,000 ti *Dawson Ry. & Coal Co., 5%, July 1951 293,020.00 322,000.00 ’ 1,000 tt *Fenway Hall Apartment Bldg., Cleve­ land, O., 1st M tg. 6|% , N ov. 1933 990.00 1,000.00 1,000 tt *Fifth Ave. Apartment Bldg., Nfew York, 1st M tg. 6 % , Aug. 1931 990.00 1,000.00 5,000 ti ^General Motors Bldg., Detroit, 1st Mtg., 7%, Nov. 1933-4 4,950.00 5,000.00 1,000 ti *Guerin Mill, Inc., 1st Mtg., 7%. Feb. 1937 950.00 960.00 1,000 tt *Hadleigh Apartment Bldg., New York, 1st M tg. 6 % , Aug. 1929 990.00 1,000.00 ~ 500 ' tt *Hotel Canterbury, San Fran., Cal., 1st

M tg. 6 \ % „ Aug. 1937 495.00 500.00 1,000 tt *Independent Packing Co., Chicago, 1st M tg. 61% , April 1937 990.00 1,000.00 75,000 tt International Paper Co., 1st & Ref. Mtg. 5%, Series A, Jan. 1947 63,000.00 74,955.00

Amounts carried forward $453,647.50 $524,501.00 Report of the Treasurer 209

IN V E S T M E N T FU N DS — BONDS — Continued

Market Values Aug. 31, 1923 Book Values Amounts brought forward $453,647.50 $524,501.00 1,000 bonds *1700 Jefferson Ave., E. Detroit, 1st Mtg. 6%, Oct. 1930 990.00 1,000.00 2,000 “ *Lake Placid Co., 1st Ref. M tg., 6% , Oct. 1940 1,600.00 1,600.00 6,000 " Louisville & Jeffersonville Bridge Co., 4%, Mar. 1945 4,710;00 6,000.00 1,000 “ *Madison Park Bldg., Chicago, 1st Mtg. 6 % , Jan. 1929 990.00 1,000.00 3,000 “ *McCord Mfg. Co., Inc., New York, 1st M tg. 6 % , July 1929 2,970.00 3,000.00 1,000 “ *Memphis Terminal Corp., 1st Mtg., gold, 6 % , Jan. 1942 890.00 860.00 500 “ *Middlesex Banking Co., Middletown, Conn., 5%, Oct. 1915 15.00 263.30 250 “ *National Securities Corp’n, 6%, July 1924 (§ int. in 500. Bond) 250.00 220.00 461,000 “ *New Mexico Ry. & Coal Co., 1st Cons. M tg., 5 % , 1947 & 1951 396,460.00 461,000.00 5,000 “ Pleasant Valley Coal Co., 1st Mtg., 5%, July 1928 4,500.00 5,250.00 1,000 Portland Terminal, 1st Mtg., 5%, July 1961 930.00 640.00 1,000 “ *Ritz-Carlton Hotel, Atlantic City, N. J., 6%, July 1930 990.00 1,000.00 3,000 “ *Sanger Bros. Dallas, Texas, 6|%, July 1942 2,970.00 3,000.00 1,000 “ *State of Jalisco, Mexico. 6%, July 1928 150.00 180.00 2,000 “ ^Terminal R. R. Assoc, of St. Louis, 1st M tg., 4 *% , April 1939 1,840.00 1,955.00 26,000 “ Terminal R. R. Assoc, of St. Louis, 1st M tg., 5% , Aug. 1944 24,862.50 28,528.33 98,000 “ United States Steel C orp’n, S. F. 5% , April 1963 98,040.00 95,674.95 3,880 " U. S. of Mexico, External Mtg. gold, 5%, J a n .1915 2,066.10 3,952.75 2,000 “ *Watervliet Hydraulic Co., 1st Mtg., 5%, Nov. 1940 00.00 1,500.00

$998,871.10 $1,141,125.33 210 Report of the Treasurer

MORTGAGES AND NOTES

Sundry Notes and Mortgages $362,712.80 $362,712.80

REAL ESTATE

*Land and Buildings . $8.00 $8.00

ESTATES PENDING SETTLEMENT

*Securities received from estates awaiting sale $2,027.00 $2,027.00

•Securities received as gifts or from estates.

SUMMARY OF INVESTMENTS

Book Values Market Values National Bank Stocks $77,643.88 $163,266.25 Railroad Stocks 316,747.79 147,551.50 Industrial and Miscellaneous Stocks 489,598.35 504.358.50 Government, City and State Bonds 582,651.49 607,045.82 Railroad Bonds 1,750,477.37 1,523,111.98 Telephone Bonds 438,594.38 444,691.25 Public Utility Bonds 1,042,985.50 1,021,198.75 Industrial and Miscellaneous Bonds 1,141,125.33 998,871.10 Mortgages and Notes 362,712.80 362,712.80 Real Estate 8.00 8.00 Securities received from estates awaiting sale 2,027.00 2,027.00

$6,204,571.89 $5,774,842.95 Report of the Treasurer 2U

TRUST FUNDS (Schedule No. 2)

Principal Principal Income Income Sept. 1, 1922 Aug. 31, 1923 for year Bai. Aug. 31, 1923 $1,079,239.65 Conditional Gift Fund $1,124,673.13 $64,736.91 $4,933.00 (Paid to Life Beneficiaries $61,735.86) 589,193.43 General Permanent Fund 594,177.01 33,623.74 45,076.50 Permanent Fund for Officers 45,076.50 2,317.79 1,578.84 Acterian Fund 1,375.00 82.43 82.43 3,850.00 Aintab Second Ch. Rebuilding Fund 3,850.00 163.63 81.79 830.00 Americus Fuller Fund 830.00 40.00 2,185.00 Ames Fund 2,185.00 132.50 66,169.50 Anatolia College Endowment 66,169.50 3,727.79 9,991.60 25,000.00 Atherton Fund 25,000.00 400.00 400.00 12,000.00 Bangor Churches Fund 12,000.00 1,050.00 10,394.92 Bigelow Legacy 10,394.92 481.43 710.69 ...... Charles E Carr, Fund 1,120.00 6,333.37 George P. Castle Fund 6,333.37 384.57 40,000.00 Clarke-Abbott Fund (Conditional Gift) 40,000.00 739 49 *5,070.34 87,000.00 Condit Fund (Conditional Gift) 87,000.00 6,527.35 10,000.00 Condit Gift Fund 10,000.00 1,000.00 50,000.00 Danforth Gift (Conditional Gift) 50,000.00 3,990.63 76.23 2,629.00 Estates Pending Settlement 4,827.00 1,900.00 First Church, St. Louis, Fund 1,900.00 6.17 ...... Luke W. Fowle Fund 124,338.63 12,645.02 10,000.00 Mary P. Gill Fund 10,000.00 700.00 175.00 25,000.00 Harris School of Science Fund 25,000.00 970.09 613.42 39,398.00 C. S. Harwood Bible Training School Endowment 39,398.00 3,735.75 158,483.42 Higher Educational Work Endowment 158,483.42 7,870.60 10,703.22 1,000,000.00 D. Willis James Foundation 1,000,000.00 50,147.58 15,000.00 Charles E. Jefferson Academy Edw. 15,000.00 670.24 4,325.54 Duane J. Kelsey Fund 4,325.54 227.00 *123.44 50,000.00 Asa W. Kenney Fund 48,442.71 1,584.79 146.90 Marsovan Theol. Seminary Student Employment Fund 146.90 9.52 9.52 423.70 Dr. Augustine Mann Gift 423.70 21.25 8,000.00 Jane C. Means Fund (Conditional Gift) 8,000.00 515.09 609.74 22,621.64 Julia A. Merrill Fund 22,621.64 972.99 25,752.37 William F. Merrill Memorial Fund 25,752.37 991.15 10,000.00 Minnie Seaside Rest Fund 10,000.00 391.83 175.49 4,004.50 Raynolds Fund 4,004.50 62.07 243.65 6.00 Real Estate Fund 8.00

$3,406,542.28 Amounts carried forward $3,582,856.84 $200,919.40 $28,805.78 * Debit to income *5,193.78 212 Report of the Treasurer

TRUST FUNDS — Continued

Principal Principal Income Income Sept. 1, 1922 Aug. 31, 1923 for year Bai. Aug. 31, 1923 $3,406,542.28 Amounts brought forward 3,582,856.84 $200,919.40 $28,805.78 *5,193.78 115,978.43 Lyman K. Seymour Fund 123,252.57 6,207.13 * $ 10.00 4,000.00 Lizzie C. Short Gift 3,000.00 76,633.88 St Paul’s Institute Fund 76,633.88 3,980.92 13,000.00 Sundry Gifts 13,000.00 370,729.96 Twentieth Century Fund 397,723.26 15,750.04 8,100.00 Washburn Fund No. 1 (Conditional Gift) 8,100.00 435.00 25.00 17,430.00 Washburn Fund No. 2 (Conditional Gift) 17,430.00 1,527.71 183.95 5,000.00 Williams Fund 3,000.00 149.74 19,834.34 Mission Scholarships Cornelia A. Allis Scholarship $300.00 18.58 Andrews Scholarships 500.00 30.97 Jeannie Grace Greenough Crawford Scholarship 1,000.00 61.93 Marian Elwood Scholarship 400.00 24.78 Annie A. Gould Scholarship 1,780.00 104.93 Deacon Gates Mardin High School Scholarship 1,000.00 61.93 Norton Hubbard Scholarship 1,000.00 61.93 International College of Smyrna 100.00 6.20 Capron Hall Ives Scholarship 2,000.00 123.86 J. S. Judd Doshisha Scholarship 1,000.00 61.93 Norman T. Leonard Scholarship 1,100.00 68.13 Hugh Miller Scholarship 1,650.00 102.19 Montgomery Mem­ orial Scholarship 140.56 8.71 Thornton Bigelow Penfield Scholarship 500.00 30.96 Porter Scholarships 3,000.00 185.79

,037,248.89 Amounts carried forward 1,224,996.55 $229,922.76 $29,014.73 *5,203.78 * Debit to income. Report of the Treasurer 213

TRUST FUNDS — Continued

Principal Principal Income Income Sept. 1, 1922 Aug. 31, 1923 for year Bal. Aug. 31 1923 $4,037,248.87 Amounts brought forward $4,224,996.55 $229,922.76 $29,014.73 *5,203.78 Mary W. Thompson Scholarship $500.00 • 30.97 Turvanda Topalyan Scholarship 2,026.00 125.47 Joannna Fisher White Scholarship 650.00 40.26 Williams and Andrus Scholarships 1,417.78 87.81 Mission Scholarships 20,064.34 1,521.73

$4,037,248.87 Total $4,245,060.89 $230,207.27 Cr. $30,536.46 Dr. $5,203.78

$25,332.68 * Debit to income.

TRUST FUNDS — CONTINUED

These Funds Constitute “ General Investments”

Principal Principal Income Income Sept. 1, 1922 Aug. 31. 1923 for year Bal. Aug. 31, 1923 $ 400.00 Ackley Endowment S 400.00 $ 21.08 250.00 Adkins, H. R., Fund 250.00 13.18 1,686.97 Adoor Agha Trust Fund 1,775.88 88.91 2,082.41 Afion Kara Hissar Bldg. Fund 2,192.16 109.75 7,674.41 Albert Victor Hospital Endowment 7,674.41 404.49 10,235.20 Alden Memorial Fund 10,235.20 539.46 4,000.00 Allen Memorial Fund 4,000.00 210.82 1,000.00 Amelia Scholarship 1,000.00 52.71 500.00 American Col. Madura, Edw. Fd. 500.00 26.35 2,000.00 Amherst College Neesima Edw. 2,000.00 105.41 342.41 Anatolia College Laboratory Fund 360.46 18.05 13,222.73 Anatolia College, Telfeyan Fund 13,919.65 696.92 42.93 Anatolia College Boys’ Home 45.19 2.26 Building Fund 525.82 Anatolia Girls’ School Edw. 553.53 27.71 4,221.48 Anatolia Hospital Fund 4,443.98 222.50 9,400.00 Anderson, Mabel Baker, Fund 9,400.00 495.44

$57,584.36 Amounts carried forward $58,750.46 $3,035.04 214 Report of the Treasurer

TRUST FUNDS — Continued

Principal Principal Income Income Sept. 1, 1922 Aug. 31, 1923 for year Bal. Aug.. 31 1922 $57,584.36 Amounts brought forward $58,750.46 $3,035.04 5,066.15 Arts and Crafts Fund 5,066.15 267.02 6,177.57 Atkinson, Henry H., Memorial Endowment , 6,556.94 326.24 4,750.00 Atterbury Fund 4,750.00 250.35 8,450.00 Atwater Memorial Fund 8,490.00 446.25 21.00 Atwood Memorial School Fund 21.00 1.11 10,000.00 Ballou, Harriet R., Fund 10,000.00 527.06 1,000.00 Bingham, Sibyl Mosley, Memorial 1,000.00 52.71 ...... Bithynia High School Bldg. Fund 3,810.79 65.79 274.94 Bitlis Orphanage Fund 289.43 14.49 10,000.00 Bodman, Edward C., Fund 10,000.00 527.06 860.53 Bombay High School Fund 860.53 45.35 965.55 Boys’ Academy Fund, Hadjin 1,016.44 50.89 ...... Browne, John K., Mem. Fund 10,000.00 263.53 1,428.98 Burrall Fund 1,504.29 75.31 1,000.00 Cameron, John M., Fund 1,000.00 52.71 5,000.00 Capen, Samuel B., Fund 5,000.00 263.53 656.98 Capron Scholarship 656.98 34.63 500.00 Chase, Mabel, Scholarship 500.00 26.35 150.00 Church, Susan B., Memorial Fund 150.00 7.91 1,000.00 Clark Fund 1,000.00 52.71 1,000.00 Clark Scholarship 1,000,00 52.71 4,850.00 Coffin, W. R., Fund 4,850.00 255.62 20,000.00 Colman, J. M., Fund 25,000.00 1,207.84 500.00 Cutler Fund 500.00 26.35 3,934.72 Davao Hospital Building Fund 4,142.10 207.38 300,00 Dewey Scholarship 300.00 15.81 13,955.00 Dewing Fund 13,955.00 735.51 20,158.51 Diarbekir Hospital Building Fund 21,220.98 1,062.47 20,000.00 Diarbekir Hospital Endowment 20,000.00 1,054.12 6,837.35 395.50 Dnyanodaya Endowment Fund 395.50 20.84 1,000.00 East Madison Ave., Church Memorial Fund 1,000.00 52.71 1,000.00 Edwards Church Scholarship 1,000.00 52.71 1,361.05 Farrington Fund 1,361.05 71.73 2.820.00 Fenchow Bible Training School Edw. 2,820.00 132.68 1.500.00 First Congregational Church, Stamford, Conn. 1,500.00 79.05 2,000.00 Fletcher Endowment Scholarship 2,000.00 105.41 15,000.00 Foochow College Professorship Edw. 15,000.00 790.59 1,521.23 Foochow Missionary Hospital Edw. 1,521.23 80.17

$226,182.07 Amounts carried forward $247,988.87 $12,389.74 $6,837.35 Report of the Treasurer 215

TRUST FUNDS — Continued Principal Principal Income Income Sept. 1, 1922 Aug. 31, 1923 for year Bal. Aug. 31, 1923 $226,182.07 Amounts brought forward $247,988.87 $12,389.74 $6,837.35

500.00 Fowler, C. E., Memorial Fund 500.00 26.35 1,000.00 Fulton, Rogene T., Fund 1,000.00 52.71 2,775.49 Gates, C. F., Mardin H. S. Scholarship 2,775.49 146.27 ...... Gates Memorial Bldg. Fund 277.21 1.21 1,000.00 Gordon, George A., Fund 1,000.00 52.71 13,700.29 Gordon Theological Sem. Fund 13,700.29 722.10 ...... Grace Alumnae Scholarship Fund 1,000.00 17.57 500.00 Guise, Virginia Kathryn Memorial Fund 500.00 26.35 5,000.00 Hager Fund 5,000.00 263.53 9,914.14 Haik Evangelical Church Building Fund 10,436.67 522.53 4,161.98 Haik Evangelical Church Education Fund 4,381.34 219.36 95.62 Hallock Fund 95.62 5.04 400.00 Harriet Hazen Scholarship 400.00 21.08 2,672.72 Haskell, Perry B., Memorial Fund 2,672.72 140.87 25,000.00 Rev. and Mrs. H. S. Hazen Memorial 25,000.00 1,317.65 500.00 Hill, A. Lewis, Endowment 500.00 26.35 2,005.00 Inasmuch Scholarship 2,005.00 105.68 5,284.34 International Hospital of Adana Fd. 5,284.34 278.51 1,000.00 International College, Smyrna, Edw. 1,000.00 52.71 7,777.69 Jaffna Medical Mission Endowment 7,777.69 409.93 1,000.00 Jones Fund 1,000.00 52.71 2,000.00 Jones, Henry, Scholarship 2,000.00 105.41 766.42 Jordan, Arthur Stanwood, Fund 909.79 43.37 1,606.68 Jubilee Scholarship 1,606.68 84.68 1,268.10 Kauffman, Ida Elizabeth, Fund 1,268.10 66.84 10,906.00 Kellogg, Orilla C., Fund 10,906.00 574.81 ...... King School (Marsovan) Bldg. Fund 3,390.58 58.54 2,650.00 Kodaikanal School Endowment 2,650.00 139.67 411.99 Kusaie Bible Fund 208.00 Leeds, Samuel Penniman, Scholarship 208.00 10.96 45.54 2,002.36 Leonard, Amelia A., Fund 2,002.36 105.54 2,226.77 Marash Academy Endowment 2,226.77 117.36 128.20 Marash Gregorian Church Bell Fund 134.96 6.76 ...... Marash School Fund 4,167.90 146.43 970.48 1,800.00 Marash Theological Seminary Endowment Fund 1,800.00 94.87 1,500.00 Marash Theological Seminary Library Fund 1,500.00 79.05 4,377.97 Mardin Fund 4,608.71 230.74 548.06 Mardin, W. Morley, Scholarship 548.06 28.88

$342,869.89 Amounts carried forward $374,223.15 $18,744.87 $7,853.37 216 Report of the Treasurer

TRUST FUNDS — Continued Principal Principal Income Income Sept. 1, 1922 Aug. 31, 1923 for year Bal. Aug. 31, 1923 $342,869.89 Amounts brought forward $374,223.15 $18,744.87 $7,853.37 365.12 Marsovan Seminary Building Fund 384.36 19.24 136.44 Martyn, Henry, Memorial Fund 143.63 7.19 100.00 Martin Mary S., Scholarship 150.00 6.59 18.17 McLaren Fund .96 ...... Mellen, Laura, Scholarship 500.00 10.98 1,500.00 Merriam, C., Female Scholarship 1,500.00 79.05 329.93 365.00 Mills Memorial 365.00 19.24 34,934.01 Mission Property Fund 32,595.06 1,702.96 26,939.71 Mission Property Insurance Fund 36,424.80 1,530.54 2,810.00 Missionary Herald Fund 2,810.00 148.10 5,000.00 Moore, Hollis, Memorial Trust 5,000.00 263.53 2,827.93 Newton, Warren, Memorial Fund 2,976.98 154.33 1,750.00 Noble Fund 1,750.00 92.24 10,000.00 North China College Endowment 10,000.00 527.06 1,079.30 Ordou Church Building Fund 1,136.18 56.88 517.50 Osborn, Helen Louise, Fund 517.50 27.27 2,308.44 Pasco, Rev. Martin K., Fund 2,350.11 121.67 10,000.00 Pasumalai Sem. Professorship Edw. 10,000.00 527.06 52,713.35 Pearsons, Mrs. D. K., Memorial Endowment 55,491.66 2,778.31 100.00 Pelton, George Austin, Memorial Fd. 100.00 5.27 100.00 Penfield, W. W., Fund 100.00 5.27 2,400.00 Pitkin Memorial Fund 2,400.00 123.42 5,000.00 Poor, S. B., Memorial Fund 5,000.00 263.53 1,000.00 Porter, H. D., Scholarship for Nurses 1,000.00 52.71 10,000.00 Potter, Eliza A., Fund 10,000.00 527.06 3,732.03 202,957.39 Proctor, H. H., Retired Missionary Fund 202.957.39 10,697.07 400.00 Rice, A. J., Memorial Fund 400.00 21.08 3,054.32 Richards, Cyrus S., Fund 3,215.30 160.98 9,612.09 Riggs, Barnum, Memorial Fund 10,118.70 506.61 428.56 Rogers, D. Miner, Memorial Fund 428.56 22.59 16,000.00 Sage, Sarah R., Fund 16,000.00 843.30 301.36 Samokov Collegiate and Theo. Institute Fund 317.24 15.88 486.00 Satara Orphanage Fund 486.00 25.61 1,961.52 Schneider, Benj., Memorial Fund 1,961.52 103.38 100.00 Scudder, Samuel H., Fund 100.00 5.27 500.00 Sedgwick, Henry, Fund 500.00 26.35 600.00 Severance, Solon, Scholarship 600.00 31.62 13.22 Shepard Memorial Fund 13.91 .69

$751,249.32 Amounts carried forward $794,017.05 $40,255.76 $11,915.33 Report of the Treasurer 217

TRUST FUNDS — Continued

Principal Principal Income I n c o m e Sept. 1. 1922 Aug. 31. 1923 for year Bal. Aug. 31, 1923 $751,249.32 Amounts brought forward $794,017.05 $40,255.76 $11,915.33 1,000.00 Smith, A. H., Scholarship for Nurses 1,000.00 52.71 25,000.00 Smith, Eliza D., Memorial Fund 25,000.00 1,317.65 1,000.00 Smith, Robert Stedman, Memorial Fd. 1,000.00 52.71 31,706.69 Smith, William White, Fund 31,706.69 1,671.13 4,063.00 South Dennis Congregational Church Society Fund 4,063.00 214.14 600.00 Stanton, Mrs. Nellie Buttrick, Fund 600.00 31.62 2,027.14 Stevens, Mary Edlund, Fund 2,000.00 105.41 1,000.00 Strong, Lieut. Ellsworth O., Fund 1,000.00 52.71 5,000.00 Talcott, Horace Gardner, Fund 5,000.00 263.53 43,897.41 Telfeyan Fund 43,897.41 2,313.65 3,756.63 Tientsin Church Lease Fund 3,954.63 198.00 1,000.00 Tucker, Emma B., Scholarship 1,000.00 52.71 7,000.00 Tufts Fund 3,500.00 368.94 ...... Unclaimed Remittance Fund 5,580.55 72.57 11,798.26 Ussher, E. B., Memorial Hospital Fd. 12,440.23 621.97 14,160.58 Van College Fund 14,151.27 736.52 2,067.00 Van Mission Fund 2,175.94 108.94 1,599.20 Vlanga Church Fund 1,683.49 84.29 1,635.00 Washburn Scholarship 1,635.00 86.17 389.00 Welsh Scholarship 389.00 20.51 1,000.00 Wentworth, Albert, Fund 1,000.00 52.71 ...... "White, Charles E., Fund 1,000.00 21.96 31,179.00 Wilde, Samuel, Fund 31,179.00 1,643.32 ...... Williams, Porter Hospital Fund 1,000.00 8.78 1,000.00 Wilmette Service Scholarship 1,000.00 52.71 3,000.00 William Hospital Endowment 3,000.00 158.12 12,500.00 W. B. M. I. Conditional Gift Fund 12,000.00 656.64 *21.77 (Paid to Life Beneficiaries, $678.40) 1,000.00 W. B. M. P. Conditional Gift Fund 1,000.00 52.71 65.62 7,527.25 Woman’s Medical Mission Endow. 7.527.25 396.67 300.00 Wood, Elizabeth Richards, Mem­ orial Fund 350.00 17.35 627.60 Zeleny Fund 660.68 33.08

$968,083.08 $1,015,511.19 $51,775.69 Cr. * Debit to income. Dr. 21.77

$11,959.18 218 Report of the Treasurer

MISCELLANEOUS FUNDS (Schedule No. 3)

Adana Y. M. C. A. Building Fund $ 1,717.33 Albanian Hospital Fund 12,684.31 Albanian Medical Work Fund 335.49 Albanian School Fund 19,429.06 Anatolia College Building Fund 7,339.09 Angola Fund 1,963.23 International Institute, Constantinople 15,832.21 Osmanieh Martyrs’ Memorial Church Fund 1,705.55 Rehabilitation Funds Balkans 5,095.46 Western Turkey 17,433.90 Central Turkey 20,148.93 Eastern Turkey 23,249.57 M exico 59.63 Russian Relief Fund 3,368.82 Talas Hospital Insurance Fund 11,501.45 Tarsus Church Building Fund 3,223.43 Tientsin Building Fund 1,421.96

$146,509.42 RECEIPTS OF THE BOARD

(The following table exhibits the income of the Board from all sources since its organization)

For the year ending For the year ending September, 1811...... $ 999. .52 August 31, 1867...... $437,884.77 August 31, 1812. 13,611. 50 “ “ 1868...... 535,838.64 1813. 11,361. 16 “ “ 1869...... 525,214.95 1814. 12,265. 58 “ ” 1870 ...... 461,058.42 1815. 9,493. 89 " “ 1871...... 429,160.60 1816. 12,501. 03 “ “ 1872...... 445,824.23 1817. 29,948 ,63 " “ 1873...... 431,844.81 1818.. 34,727. .72 " “ 1874...... 478,256.51 1819.. 37,520 63 “ “ 1875...... 476,028.19 1820. 39,994 ,45 “ “ 1876...... 465,442.40 1821. . 46,354, ,95 “ “ 1877...... 441,391.45 1822., 60,087, ,87 “ “ 1878...... 482,204.73 1823.. 55,758 .94 “ " 1879...... 518,386.06 1824.. 47,483. ,58 “ “ 1880...... 613,539.51 1825.. 55,716. 18 “ “ 1881...... 691,245.16 1826.. 61,616. .25 “ “ 1882...... 651,976.84 1827.. 88,341. .89 “ “ 1883...... 590,995.67 1828. 102,009, .64 “ “ 1884...... 588,353.51 1829.. 106,928, .26 “ “ 1885...... 625,832.54 1830.. 83,019. .37 “ “ 1886...... 658,754.42 1831.. 100,934, .09 “ “ 1887...... 679,573.79 1832.. 130,574. 12 “ “ 1888...... 665,712.21 1833. 145,847. 77 “ “ 1889...... 685,111.33 1834. 152,386. ,10 “ “ 1890...... 762,585.63 y 31. 1835. 163,340 .19 “ “ 1891...... 824,325.50 1836. 176,232. .15 “ “ 1892...... 840,804.72 1837. 252,076. 55 “ “ 1893...... 679,285.94 1838. 236,170. 98 “ “ 1894...... 705,132.70 1839. 244.691. 82 “ “ 1895...... 716,837.17 1840. 241.691, 04 “ " 1896...... 743,104.59 1841. 235,189. ,30 “ . “ 1897...... 642,781.07 1842. 318,396, ,53 “ “ 1898...... 687,208.89 1843. 244,254, 43 “ “ 1899 ...... 644,200.89 1844. 236,394. 37 “ “ 1900...... 737.957.38 1845. 255,112. 96 “ “ 1901...... 697,370.90 1846. 262,073 55 “ “ 1902...... 845,105.85 1847. 211,402, ,76 “ “ 1903...... 740,777.17 1848. 254,056, 46 “ “ 1904...... 725.315.90 1849.. 291,705 ,27 “ “ 1905...... 752,149.75 1850. 251.862 ,21 “ “ 1906 ...... 913,159.64 1851. 274,902 .28 “ 1907...... 920,384.09 1852. 301,732 ,20 1908...... 837,999.15 1853. 314,922 ,88 “ " 1909...... 953,573.69 1854. 305,778, ,84 “ “ 1910...... 995,414.36 1855. 310,427 .77 “ “ 1911...... 1,032,025.75 1856. 307,318 .69 “ “ 1912...... 1,062,442.98 1857. 388,932 ,69 “ “ 1913...... 1.044,687.82 1858. 334,018 .48 “ “ 1914...... 1.082.218.21 1859. 350,915. .45 “ “ 1915...... 1.101,570.47 1860. 429,799 .08 “ “ 1916...... 1,207,126.54 August 31, 1861. 340,522, .56 “ “ 1917...... 1,247.715.99 1862. 339,080 .56 “ “ 1918...... 1,351,944.96 1863. 397,079, .71 “ “ 1919...... 1,523.302.59 1864. 531,985 .67 “ “ 1920...... 1,651,547.00 1865.. 534,763 .33 “ “ 1921...... 1.967,492.00 1866. 446.942 .44 “ " 1922...... 1,901,079.36 1923...... 1,910,073.60

219 MISSIONARIES OF THE AMERICAN BOARD (The following list presents the names of missionaries now in connection with the Board in the field or expecting to return, giving the year in which they went out, and the missions with which they are connected. Post-office addresses are given in the American Board Year Book of Missions.) Missionaries Went Out South Africa Mission Rev. Frederick R. Dixon 1920 Zulu Branch Mrs. Madeline H. Dixon 1920 Missionaries Went Out Miss Fanny E. Ellener 1920 Rev. Frank T. Meacham 1921 Mrs. Mary K. Edwards 1868 Mrs. Doris V. Meacham 1921 Miss Fidelia Phelps 1884 Miss Mabel E. Larkins 1922 Rev. Charles N. Ransom 1890 Mrs. Susan H. C. Ransom 1890 West Central Africa Mission Rev. George B. Cowles 1893 Mrs. Amy B. Cowles 1893 Rev. William H. Sanders 1880 Rev. Frederick B. Bridgeman 1897 Mrs. Sarah Bell Sanders 1888 Mrs. Clara Davis Bridgeman 1897 Mrs. Marion M. Webster 1887 James B. McCord, M, D. 1899 Miss Helen J. Melville 1893 Mrs. Margaret M. McCord 1899 Mrs. Amy J. Currie 1893 Rev. James D. Taylor 1899 Miss Margaret W. Melville 1895 Mrs. Katherine M. Taylor 1899 Miss Emma C. Redick 1900 Miss Caroline E. Frost 1901 Miss Elizabeth B. Campbell 1902 Rev. Albert E. LeRoy 1901 Rev. Merlin W. Ennis 1903 Mrs. Rhoda A. LeRoy 1901 Mrs. Elizabeth L. Ennis 1907 Mrs. Katherine S. Maxwell 1906 Rev. Henry A. Neipp 1904 Mr. K. Robert Brueckner 1911 Mrs. Frederica L. Neipp 1904 Mrs. Dorothea K. Brueckner 1915 William Cammack, M. D. 1906 Miss Evelyn F. Clarke 1912 Mrs. Libbie S. Cammack, M. D. 1906 Rev. Henry A. Stick 1912 Rev. William B. Bell 1907 Mrs. Bertha H. Stick 1912 Mrs. Lena H. Bell 1907 Miss May E. Tebbatt 1912 Miss Helen H. Stover 1908 Rev. Ralph E. Abraham 1914 Rev. Henry S. Hollenbeck, M. D. 1909 Mrs. Clara N. Abraham 1914 Miss Janette E. Miller 1910 Rev. Arthur F. Christofersen 1915 Mr. F. Sidney Dart 1911 Mrs. Julia R. Christofersen 1915 Mrs. Clara I. Dart 1911 Miss Minnie E. Carter 1916 Rev. John T. Tucker 1913 Mr. Wesley C. Atkins 1918 Mrs. Leona S. Tucker 1919 Mrs. Edna S. Atkins 1918 Fred E. Stokey, M. D. 1913 Rev. Ray E. Phillips 1918 Rev. Daniel A. Hastings 1915 Mrs. Dora L. Phillips 1918 Mrs. Laura B. Hastings 1915 Mr. Albert J. Hicks 1919 Miss Elizabeth S. Mackenzie 1919 Mrs. Grace S. Hicks 1919 Rev. Henry C. McDowell 1919 Rev. Harwood B. Catlin 1920 Mrs. Bessie F. McDowell 1919 Mrs. Laura C. Catlin 1920 Miss Elizabeth W. Read 1919 Miss Anna Clarke 1920 Rev. J. Arthur Steed 1919 Rev. Henry A. Jessop 1921 Mrs. Edith T. Steed 1919 Mrs. Bernice H. Jessop 1921 Miss Lauretta A. Dibble 1920 Alan B. Taylor, M. D. 1921 Reuben S. Hall, M. D. 1920 Mrs. Mary B. Taylor 1921 Mrs. Beatrice B. Hall 1920 Miss Margaret E. Walbridge 1921 Rev. James E. Lloyd 1920 Miss Una J. Minto 1920 Rhodesia Branch Mr. Samuel B. Coles 1922 Mrs. Bertha T. Coles 1922 Rev. George A. Wilder 1880 Mr. Allen E. McAllester 1922 Mrs. Alice C. Wilder 1880 William L. Thompson, M. D. 1891 The Bulgarian Mission Mrs. Mary E Thompson 1888 William T. Lawrence, M. D. 1900 Rev. Edward B. Haskell 1891 Mrs. Florence E. Lawrence 1900 Mrs. Elizabeth F. Haskell 1904 Mr. Columbus C. Fuller 1902 Rev. William P. Clarke 1891 Mrs. Julia B. Fuller 1902 Mrs. Martha G. Clarke 1900 Miss Minnie Clarke 1907 Miss Agnes M. Baird 1898 Mr. Arthur J. Omer 1909 Miss Elizabeth C. Clarke 1899 Mrs. Dorothy H, Orner 1912 Rev. Theodore T. Holway 1901 Rev. John P. Dysart 1911 Mrs. Charlotte T. Holway 1922 Mrs. Mathilde T. Dysart 1918 Rev. Leroy F. Ostrander 1902 Miss Minnie A. Tontz 1913 Mrs. Mary R. Ostrander 1902 Mr. Arlen R. Mather 1917 Miss Inez L. Abbott 1907 Mrs. Faye S. Mather 1917 Rev. Wm. C. Cooper 1909 Mr. Emory D. Alvord 1919 Mrs. Eugenia F. Cooper 1912 Mrs. Berenice M. Alvord 1919 Miss Edith L. Douglass 1911 Miss Ivy E. Craig 1920 Mrs. Alma S. Woodruff 1911 220 Missionaries of the Board 221

Missionaries Went Out Missionaries Went Out Rev. Reuben H. Markham 1912 Miss Olive Greene 1919 Mrs. Mary G. Markham 1912 Miss Lena L. Lietzau 1919 Mr. Herbert B. King 1913 Mr. Theodore D. Riggs 1919 Mrs. Mary M. King 1913 Mrs. Winifred C. Riggs 1919 Miss Helen M. Crockett 1920 Miss Grace M. Elliott 1920 Miss Mabel E. Long 1920 Rev. R. Finney Markham 1920 Mrs. Evangeline Markham 1920 Western Turkey Mission Wilson F. Dodd, M. D. 1922 Mrs. Mary B. Dodd 1922 Rev. J. Henry House 1872 Rev. William E. Hawkes 1923 Mrs. Addie B. House 1872 Miss Edith M. Sanderson 1923 Mrs. Etta D. Marden 1881 Mr. William W. Peet 1881 Central Turkey Mission Miss Emily McCallum 1883 Rev. James P. McNaughton 1887 Rev. William N. Chambers 1879 Mrs. Rebecca G. McNaughton 1885 Mrs. Cornelia P. Chambers 1879 Miss Anna B. Jones 1890 Miss Ellen M. Blakely 1885 Rev. Frederic W. MacCallum 1890 Miss Elizabeth S. Webb 1886 Mrs. Henrietta W. MacCallum 1890 Miss Mary G. Webb 1890 Rev. Alexander MacLachlan 1890 Rev. John C. Martin 1891 Mrs. Rose B. MacLachlan 1891 Mrs. Mary C. Martin 1891 Rev. George E. White 1890 Miss Elizabeth M. Trowbridge 1891 Mrs. Esther B. White 1890 Miss Caroline F. Hamilton, M. D. 1892 Miss Annie M. Barker 1894 Miss Lucile Foreman 1894 Mr. Caleb W. Lawrence 1896 Rev. John E. Merrill 1898 Mrs. Helen L. Lawrence 1904 Mrs. Isabel T. Merrill 1900 Miss Minnie B. Mills 1897 Miss Annie E. Gordon 1901 Miss Charlotte R. Willard 1897 Miss Harriet C. Norton 1905 Mr. Samuel L. Caldwell 1898 Miss Kate E. Ainslie 1908 Mrs. Carrie B. Caldwell 1898 Cyril H. Haas, M. D. 1910 Miss Mary E. Kinney 1899 Mrs. Ruth D. Haas 1910 Rev. Ernest C. Partridge 1900 Miss Grace C. Towner 1912 Mrs. Winona G. Partridge 1900 Rev. James K. Lyman 1913 Rev. Charles T. Riggs 1900 Mrs. Bessie M. Lyman 1913 Mrs. Mary S. Riggs 1900 Miss Louise M. Clark 1919 Miss Mary L. Ward 1900 Rev. Paul E. Nilson 1919 Miss Stella N. Loughridge 1901 Mrs. Harriet F. Nilson 1919 Miss Susan W. Orvis 1902 Lorrin A. Shepard, M. D. 1919 Charles Ernest Clark, M. D. 1903 Mrs. Virginia M. Shepard 1919 Mrs. Ina V. Clark 1903 Rev. Wm. Sage Wool worth, Jr. 1919 Mr. Dana K. Getchell 1903 Rev. Merrill N. Isely 1920 Mrs. Susan Riggs Getchell 1892 Mrs. Mildred M. Isely 1920 Rev. Herbert M. Irwin 1903 Miss Lillian C. Brauer 1920 Mrs. Genevieve D. Irwin 1903 Miss Jessie E. Martin 1920 Miss Nina E. Rice 1903 Miss Myrtle E. Nolan 1920 Miss Jeannie L. Jillson 1904 Miss Pauline M. Rehder 1920 Mrs. Lillian C. Sewny 1904 Miss Hazel K. Hotson 1921 Rev. Fred F. Goodsell 1907 Mrs. Lulu S. Goodsell 1907 Eastern Turkey Mission MisB Ellen W. Catlin 1908 Miss Clara C. Richmond 1909 Rev. Robert Stapleton 1897 Jesse K. Marden. M. D. 1910 Mrs. Ida S. Stapleton, M. D. 1898 Mrs. Lucy K. Marden 1904 Miss Grisell M. McLaren 1900 Miss Annie E. Pinneo 1910 Rev. Henry H. Riggs 1902 Miss Theda B. Phelps 1911 Mrs. Annie D. Riggs 1919 Rev. Ernest Pye 1911 Miss Mary W. Riggs 1902 Mrs. DeEtta Pye 1911 Rev. Harrison A. Maynard 1908 Rev. J. Riggs Brewster 1912 Mrs. Mary W. Maynard 1908 Mrs. Ethel B. Brewster 1915 Miss Caroline Silliman 1908 Mr. Luther R. Fowle 1912 Miss Isabelle Harley 1911 Mrs. Helen C. Fowle 1911 Miss Myrtle O. Shane 1913 Rev. S. Ralph Harlow 1912 Miss Ruth A. Parmelee, M. D. 1914 Mrs. Marion D. Harlow 1912 Miss Bertha B. Morley 1912 Marathi Mission Rev. Cass Arthur Reed 1912 Mrs. Rosalind M. Reed 1912 Mrs. Hepzibeth P. Bruce 1862 Mrs. Elvesta T. Leslie 1913 Rev. Robert A. Hume 1874 Rev. J. Kingsley Birge 1914 Mrs. Kate F. Hume 1882 Mrs. Anna H. Birge 1914 Rev. William O. Ballantine, M. D. 1875 Rev. John H. Kingsbury 1915 Mrs. Josephine L. Ballantine 1885 Mrs. Ruth B. Kingsbury 1919 Mrs. Frances H. Gates 1875 Miss Ethel W. Putney 1915 Rev. Henry Fairbank 1886 Rev. Joseph W. Beach 1919 Mrs. Mary E. Fairbank 1894 Mrs. Blanche E. Beach 1922 Mis3 Emily R. Bissell 1886 Mr. Carl C. Compton 1919 Miss Anna L. Millard 1887 Mrs. Ruth McG. Compton 1917 Miss Jean P. Gordon 1890 Albert W. Dewey, M. D. 1919 Miss Belle Nugent 1890 Mrs. Elsie G. Dewey 1919 Rev. Edward Fairbank 1893 222 Missionaries of the Board

Missionaries Went Out Missionaries Went Out Mrs. Mary C. Fairbank 1893 Mr. Lloyd L. Lorbeer 1915 Miss Esther B. Fowler 1893 Mrs. Elva H. Lorbeer 1915 Rev. William Hazen 1900 Rev. James M. Hess 1915 Mrs. Florence H. Hazen 1900 Mrs. Mildred W. Hess 1915 Lester H. Beals, M. D. 1902 Miss Katie Wilcox 1915 Mrs. Rose Fairbank Beals, M. D. 1905 Rev. Azel A. Martin 1915 Miss Ruth P. Hume, M. D. * 1903 Mrs. Emma W. Martin 1916 Rev. Alden H. Clark 1904 Rev\ Edward L. Nolting 1916 Mrs. Mary W. Clark 1904 Mrs. Rosa W. Nolting 1916 Mr. Charles H. Burr 1907 Miss Edith M. Coon 1916 Mrs. Annie H. Burr 1907 Miss Bertha K. Smith 1917 Miss Clara H. Bruce 1907 Rev. Emmons E. White 1917 Rev. Arthur A. McBride 1908 Mrs. Ruth P. White 1917 Mrs. Elizabeth V. McBride 1907 Miss Mary M. Rogers 1918 Miss Elizabeth Johnson 1908 Miss Martha M. Van Allen 1918 Miss Gertrude Harris 1910 Rev. Raymond A. Dudley 1919 Rev. Edward W. Felt 1911 Mrs. Katherine C. Dudley 1919 Mrs. Rachel C. Felt 1910 Edward W. Wilder, M. D. 1921 Miss M. Louise Wheeler 1911 Mrs. Harriet W. Wilder 1921 Rev. Richard S. Rose 1912 Rev. Clarence E. Wolsted 1922 Mrs. Isabella B. Rose 1916 Mrs. Mabel E. Wolsted 1922 Rev. James F. Edwards 1914 Mr. Bryan S. Stoffer 1923 Mrs. Katherine V. Gates 1914 Mrs. Freída E. Stoffer 1923 Miss Ella C. Hoxie 1914 Miss L. Lillian Picken 1914 Ceylon Mission Miss Carolyn D. Smiley 1916 Rev. Joseph L. Moulton 1918 Miss Susan R. Howland 1873 Mrs. Florence H. Moulton 1918 Miss Isabella H. Curr, M. D. 1896 Miss E. Loleta Wood 1918 Mrs. Clara P. Brown 1899 Rev. Wilbur D. Deming 1919 Rev. John Bicknell 1902 Mrs. Elsie S. Deming 1919 Mrs. Nellie L. Bicknell 1902 Walter F. Hume, M. D. 1919 Mr. Arthur A. Ward 1903 Mrs. Florence M. Hume 1919 Mrs. Alice B. Ward 1903 Rev. William H. McCance 1921 Mr. Wm. E. Hitchcock 1908 Mrs. Mary B. McCance 1921 Mrs. Hattie H. Hitchcock 1908 Miss Ruth V. Simpson 1921 Miss Lulu G. Bookwalter 1914 Miss Ruth A. Andrews 1923 Mr. Charles W. Miller 1 1912 Miss G. Marion Holland 1923 Mrs. Edith G. Miller 1905 Miss Lucy K. Clark 1915 Madura Mission Mr. Carl W. Phelps 1921 Mrs. Mary M. Phelps 1920 Rev. John S. Chandler 1873 William J. Jameson, M. D. 1922 Mrs. Henrietta S. Chandler 1877 Mrs. Gladys T. Jameson 1922 Mrs. Fanny S. Tracy 1877 Miss Christiana Hodgdon 1923 Miss Eva M- Swift 1884 Miss Grace M. Vining 1923 Miss Mary N. Root . 1877 Rev. Franklin E. Jeffery 1890 Foochow Mission Mis. Capitola M. Jeffery 1890 Rev. Edward P. Holton 1891 Rev. George H. Hubbard 1884 Mrs. Gertrude M. Holton 1894 Mrs. Nellie L. Hubbard 1884 Rev. Willis P. Elwood 1891 Hardman N. Kinnear, M. D. 1889 Mrs. Agnes A. Elwood 1891 Mrs. Ellen J. Kinnear 1893 Miss Mary T. Noyes 1892 Rev. Willard L. Beard 1894 Rev. C. Stanley Vaughan 1893 Mrs. Ellen L. Beard 1894 Mrs. Harriet S. Zumbro 1907 Miss Emily S. Hartwell 1896 Rev. David S. Herrick 1894 Miss Martha Wiley 1900 Mrs. Dency T. Herrick 1887 Rev. Edward H. Smith 1901 Miss Harriet E. Parker, M. D. .1895 Mrs. Grace W. Smith 1901 Rev. William W. Wallace 1897 Mr. George M. Newell 1904 Mrs. Genevieve T. Wallace 1897 Mrs. Mary R. Newell 1906 Rev. James H. Dickson 1900 Miss Elizabeth S, Perkins 1907 Mrs. Frances H. Dickson 1900 Rev. Frederick P. Beach 1910 Rev. John J. Banniriga 1901 Mrs. Ruth W. Beach 1907 Mrs. Mary D. Banninga 1901 Mr. Leonard J. Christian 1910 Rev. John X. Miller 1903 Mrs. Agnes M. Christian 1909 Miss Catherine S. Quickenden 1906 Charles L. Gillette, M. D. 1912 Miss Gertrude E. Chandler 1908 Mrs. Margaret W. Gillette 1913 Rev. Burleigh V. Mathews 1908 Rev. Clarence A. Neff 1913 Mrs. Pearl C. Mathews 1910 Miss Stella M. Cook 1914 Mr. L. Curtis Guise 1911 Miss Laura D. Ward 1914 Mrs. Nettie B. Guise 1911 Miss M. Elizabeth Waddell 1915 Mr. James H. Lawson 1911 Miss Bertha H. Allen 1916 Mrs. Frances E. Lawson 1911 Rev. Frederic F. G. Donaldson 1916 Mr. Edgar M. Flint 1912 Mrs. Elaine Strong Donaldson 1912 Mrs. Susanna Q. Flint 1912 Miss Lora G. Dyer, M. D. 1916 Rev. Albert J. Saunders 1913 Mr. Roderick Scott 1916 Mrs. Jessie M. Saunders 1913 Mrs. Agnes K. Scott 1916 Miss Katharine B. Scott, M. D. 1914 Rev. Samuel H. Leger 1917 Missionaries of the Board 223

Missionaries Went Out Missionaries Went Out Mrs. Mabel M. Leger 1917 Rev. Elmer W. Galt 1910 Rev. Peter S. Goertz 1918 Mrs. Altie C. Galt 1910 Mrs. Mathilde H. Goertz 1918 Rev. Harry S. Martin 1910 Miss Annie L. Kentfield 1918 Mrs. Rose L. Martin 1910 Mr. Arthur E. St. Clair 1918 Miss Isabelle Phelps 1910 Mrs. Ruth Y. St. Clair 1918 Rev. Robert E. Chandler 1911 Miss Eunice T. Thomas 1918 Mrs. Helen D. Chandler 1911 Rev. William H. Topping 1918 O. Houghton Love, M. D. 1911 Mrs. Elizabeth C. Topping 1918 Mrs. Caroline M. Love 1911 Rev. Otto G. Reumann 1919 Miss Louise E. Miske 1912 Mrs. Martha G. Reumann 1910 Rev. Dean R. Wickes 1912 Miss Rena L. Nutting 1920 Mrs. Fanny S. Wickes 1912 Miss Susan E. Armstrong 1921 Mr. Jesse B. Wolfe 1912 Miss Hazel M. Atwood 1921 Mrs. Clara H. Wolfe 1912 Miss Phebe K. Beard 1921 Philippe de Vargas, Ph. D. 1913 Miss Lucy B. Lanktree 1921 Mrs. Amelie de Vargas 1913 Miss Alice M. Darrow 1922 Rev. Hugh W. Hubbard 1913 Mrs. Mabel E. Hubbard 1907 Miss Carolyn R. Sewall 1913 Shaowu Mission Miss Katharine P. Crane 1914 Rev. Earle H. Ballou 1916 Edward L. Bliss, M. D. 1892 Mrs. Thelma H. Ballou 1916 Miss Minnie M. Bliss 1898 Rev. Harold W. Robinson 1916 Miss Lucy P. Bement, M. D. 1898 Mrs. Mary Robinson 1916 Miss Frances K. Bement 1898 Miss Margaret A. Smith 1916 Miss Josephine C. Walker 1900 Miss Grace M. Breck 1917 Rev. Charles L. Storrs 1904 Rev. Rowland M. Cross 1917 Mrs. Mary G. Storrs 1917 Mrs. Adelle T. Cross 1915 Miss Grace A. Funk 1906 Mr. Albert C. Grimes 1917 Rev. Edwin D. Kellogg 1909 Mrs. Pauline A. Grimes 1917 Mrs. Alice R. Kellogg 1909 Miss Alice M. Huggins 1917 Rev. Robert W. McClure 1916 Miss Maryette H. Lum 1917 Mrs. Jennie G. McClure 1916 Miss Anne B. Kelley 1918 Mr. Charles H. Riggs 1916 Rev. Ernest T. Shaw 1918 Mrs. Grace F. Riggs 1916 Mrs. Harriet H. Shaw 1918 Miss Leona L. Burr 1919 Miss Hazel F. Bailey 1919 Josephine Kennedy, M. D. 1920 Miss Grace M. Boynton 1919 Miss Louise Meebold 1920 Miss Constance Buell 1919 Miss Dorothy E. Bascom 1922 Rev. James A. Hunter 1919 Rev. Harold E. LeMay 1923 Mrs. Maud B. Hunter 1919 Mrs. Ruby M. LeMay 1923 Miss Laura B. Cross 1920 Miss Jean Dickinson 1920 South China Miss Cleora G. Wannamaker 1921 Rev. Harold S. Matthews 1922 Miss Edna Lowrey 1907 Mrs. Grace W. Matthews 1922 Rev. Obed S. Johnson 1909 Miss Esther E. Moody 1922 Mrs. Vida L. Johnson 1907 Miss Esther E. Nelson 1922 Mr. Donald Tewksbury 1922 Mrs. Helen P. Tewksbury 1922 North China Mission Miss Elizabeth E. Turner 1922 Miss Marion H. Chatfield 1923 Chihli District Shantung District Rev. Chauncey Goodrich 1865 Miss Mary E. Andrews 1868 Miss Luella Miner 1887 Mrs. Eleanore W. Sheffield 1869 Miss E. Gertrude Wyckoff 1887 Rev. Arthur H. Smith 1872 Rev. Charles E. Ewing 1894 Mrs. Emma D. Smith 1872 Mrs. Bessie G. Ewing 1894 James H. Ingram, M. D. 1887 Francis F. Tucker, M. D. 1902 Mrs. Myrtle B. Ingram 1895 Mrs. Emma B. Tucker, M. D. 1902 Miss Abbie G. Chapin 1893 Rev. Frank Rawlinson 1902 Rev. George D. Wilder 1894 Mrs. Florence L. Rawlinson 1902 Mrs. Gertrude W. Wilder 1893 Rev. Vinton P. Eastman 1908 Rev. Howard S. Galt 1899 Mrs. Florence C. Eastman 1908 Mrs. Louise A. Galt 1899 Miss Edith C. Tallmon 1911 Mr. James H. McCann 1901 Miss Myra L. Sawyer 1911 Mrs. Netta K. McCann 1901 Miss Mabel L. Huggins 1913 Rev. William B. Stelle 1901 Miss Ethel M. Long 1913 Mrs. M. Elizabeth Stelle 1899 Rev. Lyman V. Cady 1916 Miss Bertha P. Reed 1902 Mrs. Muriel P. Cady 1916 Miss Jessie E. Payne 1904 Miss Alice C. Reed 1916 Rev. Charles A. Stanley 1904 Rev. Alfred D. Heininger 1917 Mrs. Louise H. Stanley 1904 Mrs. Erma K. Heininger 1917 Charles W. Young, M. D. 1904 Mr. Ernest W. Houlding 1919 Mrs. Olivia D. Young 1904 Mrs. Florence B. Houlding 1919 Mrs. Alice B. Frame 1905 Miss Ruth E. Van Kirk 1919 Rev. Lucius C. Porter 1908 Alma L. Cooke, M. D. 1920 Mrs. Lillian D. Porter 1908 Lois Pendleton, M. D. 1920 224 Missionaries of the Board

Missionaries Went Out Missionaries Went Out Miss Charlotte B. DeForest 1903 Rev. Robert B. Whitaker 1920 Rev. C. Burnell Olds 1903 Mrs. Louise G. Whitaker 1920 Mrs. Genevieve D. Olds 1903 Charles A. Siler, M. D. 1922 Rev. Edward S. Cobb 1904 Mrs. Marion P. Siler 1922 Mrs. Florence B. Cobb 1904 Rev. Frank A. Lombard 1904 Mrs. Alice W. Lombard 1911 Shansi District Miss Grace H. Stowe 1908 Miss Mary E. Stowe 1908 Willoughby A. Hemingway, M. D. 1903 Miss Estella L. Coe 1911 Mrs. Mary E. Hemingway 1903 Miss Edith Curtis 1911 Rev. Paul L, Corbin 1904 Rev. Jerome C. Holmes 1913 Mrs. Miriam L. Corbin 1904 Mrs. Jennie E. Holmes 1913 Miss Flora K. Heebner 1904 Miss Katharine Fanning 1914 Rev. Watts O. Pye 1907 Rev. Marion E. Hall 1915 Mrs. Gertrude C. Pye 1909 Mrs. Marjory W. Hall 1915 Percy T. Watson, M. D. 1909 Miss Alice Cary 1916 Mrs. Clara F. Watson 1909 Rev. Frank Cary 1916 Rev. Wynn C. Fairfield 1910 Mrs. Rosamond B. Cary 1909 Mrs. Daisie G. Fairfield 1907 Rev. Sherwood F. Moran 1916 Miss Grace E. McConnaughey 1910 Mrs. Ursul R. Moran 1916 Rev. William R. Leete 1913 Miss Sarah M. Field 1917 Mrs. Anna K. Leete 1913 Miss Edith E. Husted 1917 Rev. Arthur W. Hummel 1914 Mr. Darley Downs 1919 Mrs. Ruth B. Hummel 1914 Mrs. Portia L. Downs 1923 Miss Josephine E. Horn 1915 Miss Eleanor L. Burnett 1920 Miss Alzina C. Munger 1915 Rev. Aaron W. Downs 1920 Miss Alma M. Atzel 1916 Mrs. Jessie G. Downs 1920 Miss Clara A. Nutting, M. D. 1917 Mr. Harold W. Hackett 1920 Miss Vera M. Holmes 1918 Mrs. Anna P. Hackett 1920 Miss Mary L. McClure 1918 Miss Isabelle McCausland 1920 Miss Cora M. Walton 1918 Rev. Clarence S. Gillett 1921 Miss Gladys M. Williams 1918 Mrs. Marion M. Gillett 1921 Rev. Phillip D. Dutton 1919 Mr. Leeds Gulick 1921 Mrs. Helen W. Dutton 1919 Mrs. Gladys R. Gulick 1922 Miss Gertrude E. Kellogg 1919 Rev. William P. Woodard 1921 Miss Helen Dizney 1920 Mrs. Harriet M. Woodard 1921 Rev. Paul R. Reynolds 1921 Miss Grace E. Babcock 1922 Mrs. Charlotte B. Reynolds 1921 Miss Stella M . Graves 1922 Miss Gertrude N. Wood 1921 Miss Alice E. Gwinn 1922 Jean R. Curran, M. D. 1923 Mrs. Frances R. Curran 1923 Mr. Winfield A. McLean 1923 Micronesia Mission Mrs. Elizabeth H. McLean 1923 Miss Katherine Reynolds 1923 Miss Jessie R. Hoppin 1890 Miss Elizabeth Baldwin 1898 Miss Jane D. Baldwin 1898 Japan Mission

Mrs. Agnes D. Gordon 1872 Mission to the Philippines Rev. Dwight W. Learned 1875 Mrs. Florence H. Learned 1875 Rev. Irving M. Channon 1890 Miss Martha J. Barrows 1876 Mrs. Mary G. Channon 1890 Miss H. Frances Parmelee 1877 Rev. Frank J. Woodward 1911 Miss Susan A. Searle 1883 Mrs. Marion W. Woodward 1909 Miss Cornelia Judson 1886 Floyd O. Smith, M. D. 1913 Rev. George M. Rowland 1886 Mrs. Bessie H. Smith 1913 Mrs. Helen A. Rowland 1886 Rev. Frank C. Laubach 1915 Mrs. Jennie P. Stanford 1886 Mrs. Effie S. Laubach 1915 Rev. Samuel C. Bartlett 1887 Rev. Julius S. Augur 1916 Mrs. Fanny G. Bartlett 1887 Mrs. Gertrude E. Augur 1916 Rev. Cyrus A. Clark 1887 Miss Anna I. Fox 1918 Miss Annie L. Howe 1887 Miss Florence L. Fox 1920 Rev. Horatio B. Newell 1887 Roy E. St. Clair, M. D. 1920 Mrs. Jane C. Newell 1888 Mrs. Florence E. St. Clair 1920 Miss Gertrude Cozad 1888 Miss Mary F. Denton 1888 Miss Fanny E. Griswold 1889 Rev. Hilton Pedley 1889 Mission to Spain Mrs. Martha J. Pedley 1887 Rev. William L. Curtis 1890 Rev. Wayne H. Bowers 1913 Mrs. Grace L. Curtis 1916 Mrs. Margaret C. Bowers 1913 Miss Alice P. Adams 1891 Rev. Henry J. Bennett 1901 Mrs. Anna J. Bennett 1905 Mission to Czechoslovakia Miss Olive S. Hoyt 1902 Rev. Charles M. Warren 1902 Rev. John S. Porter 1891 Mrs. Cora Keith Warren 1899 Mrs. Lizzie L. Porter 1893 Missionaries of the Board 225

Missionaries Went Out Missionaries Went Out Mission to Mexico Miss Vera H. Lorbeer 1919 Miss Margarita Wright 1919 Rev. John Howland 1882 Rev. Cedric E. Crawford 1921 Mrs. Sara B. Howland 1882 Mrs. Jessie B. Crawford 1921 Rev. Alfred C. Wright 1886 Miss Claribel L. Bickford 1922 Mrs. Annie C. Wright 1886 Rev. Howard C. Champe 1923 Miss Nellie O. Prescott 1888 Mrs. Eleanor L. Champe 1923 Miss Mary B. Dunning 1889 Miss Gladys R. Thompson 1923 Mr. Louis B. Fritts 1912 Miss Julia M. Wagner 1923 Mrs. Mary G. Fritts 1912 CORPORATE MEMBERS OF THE BOARD

LIFE MEMBERS

(The year of election is indicated by the date following each name.)

Rev. William E. Barton, Oak Park, 111. 1901 Rev. Newell D. Hillis, Greenwich, Conn. 1900 Pres. David N. Beach, Guilford, Conn. 1889 Lowell E. Jepson, Minneapolis, Minn. 1901 Rev. Motier A. Bullock, Lincoln, Neb. 1894 Frank S. Jones, New York City 1901 Rev. Charles C. Creegan, Northfield, Vt. 1889 Rev. Payson W. Lyman, Fall River, Mass. 1888 Rev. Harry P. Dewey, Minneapolis, Thomas C. MacMillan, La Grange, 111. 1901 Minn. 1902 Rev. Frank B. Makepeace, Granby, Conn. 1897 David Fales, Lake Forest, 111. 1895 Rev. Calvin B. Moody, Kansas City, Mo. 1898 Rev. William P. Fisher, Tucson, Ariz. 1884 Rev. Albert F. Pierce, Boston. Mass. 1897 Rev. William W. Gist, Cedar Falls, la. 1896 Rev. William H. Pound, Key West, Florida 1897 Hon. James M. W. Hall, Newton Center, Rev. Newman Smyth, New Haven, Conn. 1897 Mass. 1889 Charles E. Swett, Winchester, Mass. 1896 Miss Caroline Hazard, Peace Dale, R. I. 1899 Rev. William H. Woodwell, West Medway, Rev. Casper W. Hiatt, Peoria, III. 1895 Mass. 1895

MEMBERS-AT-LARGE (The term is six years. The year of the first election and the last is given.)

Arizona Illinois

Mr. Moses B. Hazeltine, Prescott 1923 H on. Henry W . Austin, Oak Park- 1913, 1919 Mr. Myron Jay Carpenter, 303 South 5th California Ave., La Grange 1913, 1919 Mrs. George M. Clark, 1217 Forest Ave., Pres. James A. Blaisdell, Claremont 1915.1921 Evanston 1919 Mr Charles E. Harwood, Upland 1910, 1923 Pres. 0. S. Davis, 5725 Blackstonc Ave., Rev. H. H. Kelsey, 760 Market St., San Chicago 1909, 1919 Francisco 1915.1921 M r. H . A. D uBois, Cobden 1923 Mr. Frederick W. Lyman, 380 Waverly Mr. Andrew R. Dole, care of H. M. Hooker Drive, Pasadena 1905, 1921 & Co., Washington Boulevard, Chicago 1921 Mr. George W. Marston, 1210 Ash St., Mr. Henry J. Dunbaugh, 1338 No. Dear­ San Diego 1905, 1919 born St., Chicago 1921 Canada Rev. William F . English, Jr., 19 So. La Salle St., Chicago 1921 Dr. James T. Daley, Coburg, Ont. 1913,1919 Mr. Clarence S. Funk, 620 North Euclid Ave., Oak Park 1914, 1921 Colorado Rev. A. N. Hitchcock, 19 South La Salle St., Chicago 1892, 1923 Mr. William E. Sweet, 1075 Humboldt Mr. James H. Moore, 4433 Greenwood Ave., St., Denver 1915, 1921 Chicago . 1910, 1921 Connecticut Mr. Myron A. Myers, 46 First St., Hins­ dale 1910, 1921 Prof. H. P. Beach, 346 Willow St., New Mr. Robert W. Patton, 624 Circle Ave., H aven 1897, 1923 Highland Park 1915, 1921 Rev. C. R. Brown, 233 Edwards St., New M r. Clarence S. Pellett, 124 S. Oak Pk. A ve., H aven 1896, 1923 Oak Park 1921 Rev. Edward Warren Capen, 146 Sargent Mr. F. E. Reeve, Western Springs, Chicago 1921 S t., Hartford 1915, 1921 R ev. W ilfred A . Row ell, Hinsdale 1923 Prof. Arthur L. Gillctt, 16 Marshall St., Mr. Henry Scarborough, Payson 1921 H artford 1897, 1919 Mr. F. H. Tuthill, 760 Polk St., Chicago 1923 Mr. Charles Welles Gross, 914 Asylum Ave., H artford 1921 Iowa M r. J. M oss Ives, Danbury 1921 Mr. Walter Lasher, Bridgeport 1919 Pres. John H. T . Main, Grinnell 1913, 191!) Pres. W m . D . Mackenzie, Hartford 1908, 1919 M r. F. A . M cCornack, 1423 Summit Ave., Rev. 0. E. Maurer, New Haven 1912, 1923 Sioux City 1904, 1919 M r. A. J. Pattison, Simsbury 1921 Judge Epapbroditus Peck, Bristol 1921 Kansas Judge John H . Perry, Southport 1893, li'2.'i Mr. John G. Talcott, Talcottville 1921 Mr. Howard W. Darling, 3755 East Doug- Mr. Martin Welles, 29 So. Marshall St., las St., Wichita 1909, 1921 Hartford 1909, 1919 Mr. Samuel H. Williams, Glastonbury 1913, 1921 Maine Hawaii Mr. Charles Blatchford, Portland 1921 H on. William R . Castle, B ox 349, Honolulu 1906, 1917 Rev. Milo H. Pearson, Auburn 1923 226 Corporate Members of the Board 227

Massachusetts Michigan

Rev. James L. Barton, 14 Beacon St., Mr. Frank E. Bogart, 85 Hague Ave., Boston 1894, 1923 D etroit 1914, 1921 M r. Harold B. Belcher, 14 Beacon St., Boston 1921 Pres. Marion L. Burton, Ann Arbor 1915,1921 Rev. Enoch F. Bell, 14 Beacon St., Boston 1909,1919 Mr. C. J. Chandler, 707 Lake Shore Road, Dr. John C. Berry, 28 Trowbridge Road, Detroit 1919 Worcester 1897, 1921 Mr. John M. McKershey, 144 Taylor St., Dr. E. H. Bigelow, Pleasant St., Framing­ D etroit 1923 ham 1909, 1923 Mr. Paul Chamberlain Warren, Three Oaks 1910,1921 Rev. Nehemiah Boynton, West Medford 1894, 1921 R ev. H. A. Bridgman, Groton 1915, 1921 Minnesota Miss Helen B. Calder, Hillside Road, New­ ton Lower Falls 1919 Mr. Albert Baldwin, 800 Alworth Build­ Rev. Raymond Calkins, 19 Berkeley St., ing, Duluth 1913, 1919 Cambridge 1908, 1919 Pres. D. J. Cowling, Northfield 1914, 1921 Rev. Francis E. Clark, 41 Mt. Vernon St., Hon David P. Jones, 17 East 24th St., Boston 1888, 1921 Minneapolis 1903 1919 James E. Clark, 80 Claremont St., Newton 1923 Mr. F. W. Sweney, 1921 Laurel Ave., M r. Chester S. D ay, 1711 Commonwealth St. Paul 1919 Ave., Boston 1919 Rev. Ambrose W. Vernon, Northfield 1905, 1915 Rev. John H. Denison, Williamstown 1904, 1921 Rev. Edward P. Drew, 89 Grove St., Auburndale 1919 Musouri Rev. Edward D. Eaton, Wellesley 1889, 1923 Rev. D. Brewer Eddy, 82 Kirkstall Road, Rev. Charles F. Aked, Kansas City 1923 Newtonville 1908, 1919 Mr. Augustus W. Benedict, Buckingham Mr. Frederick A. Gaskins, 14 Beacon St., Hotel, St. Louis 1892, 1921 Boston 1921 Dr. Joel E. Goldthwait, 372 Marlboro St., B oston * 1922 New Hampshire Rev. George A. Gordon, 645 Boylston St., Boston 1895, 1923 M r. Charles S. Bates, Exeter 1913, 1919 Mr. J. Livingston Grandin, 45 Milk St., Rev. Lucius H. Thayer, Portsmouth 1908, 1919 R oom 512, Boston 1919 Rev. Ernest G. Guthrie, Union Congrega­ New Jersey tional Church, Boston 1919 Mr. Alfred S. Hall, 8 Summit Ave., Win­ Mr. Charles H. Baker, 207 Walnut St., chester 1908,1919 Montclair 1894, 1919 Mr. Elbert N. Harvey, 22 Vernon St., Mr. Clarence H. Kelsey, Orange 1906, 1923 Brookline 1921 Mr. Giles W. Mead, 30 Hillside Ave., Mr. Arthur S. Johnson, 253 Common­ Glen Ridge 1919 wealth Ave., Boston 1913, 1919 Rev. Martin L. Stimson, Beechwood 1919 Mr. Henry P. Kendall, Norwood 1914, 1921 Mr Edward T. Wilkinson, 99 Midland Ave., Rev. Shepherd Knapp, 8 Institute Road, M ontclair 1914, 1921 Worcester 1913,1919 R ev. Ashley D . Leavitt, Brookline 1919 Hon. James Logan, Salisbury St., Wor­ New York cester 1908, 1919 Prof. Edward C. Moore, 21 Kirkland St., Mr. Edwin H. Baker, 610 Everett Build­ Cambridge 1899, 1923 ing, Union Sq., New Y ork C ity 1889, 1919 Rev. Edw. M. Noyes, 136 Warren St., Mr. Wm. H. Crosby, Eggertsville 1906, 1923 Newton Center 1901, 1921 Mr. Guilford Dudley, Poughkeepsie 1896, 1921 Mr. Charles S. Olcott, 71 Babcock St., Mr. Harry W . Hicks, 503 W est 121st St., Brookline 1921 New York City 1906, 1923 Rev. Cornelius H. Patton, 261 Franklin St., Rev. Charles E. Jefferson, 211 West 56th Newton 1900, 1921 St., New York City 1896,1923 M r. Arthur Perry, 10 Marlboro St., Boston 1908, 1919 Rev. Charles S. Mills, 100 East 42nd St., M r. C. B . Potter, 269 Long H ill St., Spring­ New York C ity 1913, 1919 field 1921 Mr. Wm. H. Nichols, 25 Broad St., New Dr. George L. Richards, 259 Prospect St., York C ity 1897, 1919 Fall River 1921 Rev. Henrv H. Proctor, 1597 Pacific Ave., R ev. Ernest W . Riggs, 14 Beacon St..Boston 1921 Brooklyn 1917, 1923 Mr. William Shaw, 41 M t. Vernon St., Rev. C. H. Richards, 310 West 95th St., Boston 1911,1923 New York C ity 1894, 1923 Rev. Willard L. Sperry, 50 Brimmer St., Rev. F. K. Sanders, 400 West 118th St., Boston 1912, 1919 New York C ity 1902, 1923 Rev. W m .E. Strong, 14 Beacon St., Boston 1905,1919 Rev. W. W. Scudder, 287 Fourth Ave., M r. F . B . Towne, Holyoke 1915, 1921 New York C ity 1923 Mr. Samuel Usher, 11 Hillside Ave., Mr. Fred B. Smith, 20 Ridgeway Ave., Cambridge 1896,1923 White Plains 1921 Mr. E. B. Varney, 102 Purchase St., Fall Rev. H. A. Stimson, 58 West 58th St., River 1921 New York C ity 1896, 1921 Hon. Arthur H.'Wellman, 150 Congress St., Prof. Edwin G. Warner, 56 Montgomery R oom 644, Boston 1897, 1919 Place, Brooklyn 1909, 1923 Mr. Francis O. Winslow, 289 Walpole St., F r a n k l i n H . Warner, W hite Plains 1917, 1923 N orwood 1903, 1919 Lucien C. Warner, 52 Vanderbilt Ave., Pres. M ary E. W oolley, South Hadley 1903, 1919 New York C ity 1895, 1919 M r. Samuel W oolverton, Scarsdale 1915, 1921 * Term Expires in 1927. 228 Corporate Members of the Board

Ohio Texas Rev. W. Frederick Bohn, Oberlin 1921 Mr. Ernest M. Powell, 1707 Main St., Prof. Edward I. Bosworth, 78 South Pro­ Dallas 1913, 1919 fessor St., Oberlin 1906, 1923 R o t . J. G. Hindley, 1750 Strathmore Are., Vermont E. 0., Cleveland 1923 Mr. John G. Jennings, 17862 Lake Ave., Mr. Frank H. Brooks, Boston City Club, Cleveland 1906, 1923 Boston, Mass. 1908, 1919 Pres. Henry C. King, Oberlin 1902,1921 Rev. Irving W. Metcalf, 167 North Pro­ Washington fessor St., Oberlin 1904,1923 Mr. Wm. W. Mills, Marietta 1898,1919 Prof. L. F. Anderson, 364 Boyer Ave., Dr. John J. Thomas, 122 East Wood St., Walla Walla 1909, 1923 Youngstown 1911, 1923 Pres. S. B. L. Penrose, Walla Walla 1896, 1919 Rhode Island Rev. Edward L. Smith. 2520 Mount Baker Drive, Seattle 1902,1919 Mr. Robert Cushman, 41 Central Ave., Pawtucket 1921 Mr. Herbert J. Wells, Kingston 1897, 1923 Wisconsin Sooth Dakota Rev. Charles H. Beale, Milwaukee 1923 Pres. Henry K. Warren, Yankton 1909,1919 Mr. John M. Whitehead, Janesville 1923

NATIONAL COUNCIL DELEGATES (Under the By-Laws adopted in 1913 all certified delegates to the National Council of the Congregational Churches of the United States are deemed nominated for election as Corporate Members of the Board and as such are elected. To avoid duplication in this class, names are omitted which appear in the above classes. Lists have been corrected to Novem­ ber 1, 1923.) MEMBERS WHOSE TERMS EXPIRE 1925

Abrams, Dr. Alva E „ Hartford, Conn. Campbell, Rev. Walter W., Rockport. Mass. Achenbach, Rev. S. T., Bethel, Maine. Candy, Rev. J. Franklin, Geneva, O. Ackerman, Rev. Arthur W., Natick, Mass. Carlson, Rev. Frank, Helena, Mont. Aikins, Rev. James E., S. Windham, R.D. 1, Me. Carter, Rev. Charles F., Hartford, Conn. Ainsworth, Rev. Israel, Beachmont, Mass. Caughran, Rev. William I., Port Arthur, Texas. Alderson, Dr. James, Dubuque, Iowa. Clark, Rev. Victor F., Diller, Nebr. Allen, Rev. Ernest B., Oak Park, 111. Clarke, Rev. Howard E., Plainfield, N. J. Allen, Rev. H. O., Sheldon, la. Cleaves, Rev. C. H., Pocatello, Idaho. Allington, Rev. A. A., Northport, Mich. Clyde, Rev. J. P., Seattle, Wash. Anderson, Rev. O. T., Kane, Pa. Cook, Mrs. Frank Gaylord, Cambridge, Mass. Atkins, Rev. G. Glenn, Detroit, Mich. Cooke, Rev. Vernon W., Western Springs, 111. Babb, Rev. Thomas E., Holden, Mass. Cornelius, Mr. L. A., Grand Rapids, Mich. Bailey, Rev. Henry L., Longmeadow, Mass. Cornwell, Rev. A. G., Elmira, N. Y. Bain, Rev. C., Grand Meadow, Minn. Crane, Rev. Wm. M., Richmond, Mass. Baker, Mr. J. Henry, Baltimore, Md. Cross, Rev. E. W., Grinnell, la. Balcom, Mr. W. G., Rochester, Minn. Cross, Rev. Judson L., Fitchburg, Mass. Barnes, Rev. Wm. D., Collbran, Colo. Culver, Mrs. M. A., Denver, Colo. Bartlett, Rev. Ernest C., Chelmsford, Mass. Cummings, Rev. Arthur G., Middleboro, Mass. Barton, Rev. W. P., Seibert, Colo. Cushman, Rev. Charles E., Iowa Falls, Iowa. Bates, Rev. Newton W., Burton, O. Davis, Mrs. Lydia E., Tilton, N. II. Bayne, Rev. Reed T., Superior, Wis. Davis, Mr. W. B., Cleveland, Ohio. Beach, Rev. Walter B., Elk River, Minn. Davis, Mr. W. H., Kane, Pa. Beale, Rev. T. F. R., Bridgeport, Conn. Day, Rev. Wm. Horace, Bridgeport, Conn. Benham, Mr. Walter D., Spencer, Nebr. DeBerry, Rev. Perfect R., Raleigh, N. C. Bennett, Pres. John N., Crete, Nebr. Dibble, Rev. W. L., Mason City, Iowa. Bent, Rev. David, Kokomo, Ind. Dickinson, Miss Rhoda Jane, Dorchester, Mass. Blakely, Rev. Quincy, Farmington, Conn. Dingwell, Rev. James D., Pawtucket, R. I. Bradley, Rev. Dan F., Cleveland, Ohio. Dougherty, Rev. M. Angelo, Cambridge, Mass. Brandt, Rev. Marvin R.t Sheboygan, Wis. Douglass, Rev. T. O., Jr., Tempe, Ariz. Breck, Rev. Aaron, Topeka, Kan. Dunham, Mr. George L., Brattleboro, Vt. Brewer, Rev. Frank S., Geneseo, 111. Dunlop, Rev. James J., Hartford, Conn. Brock, Mr. C. W., Berkeley, Calif. Duttera, Rev. Wm. B., Salisbury, N. C. Brokemeyer, Rev. G. L., Lodi, Calif. Dyer, Rev. Frank, Los Angeles, Calif. Brown, Rev. Hugh Elmer, Evanston, 111. Earl, Mr. Henry H., Fall, River, Mass. Brown, Mrs. Plumb, Springfield, Mass. Elderkin, Rev. Noble S., Duluth, Minn. Brownell, Pres. J. D., Ashland, Wis. Elliot, Rev. Charles, Wichita, Kan. Buell, Rev. S. H., Springfield, Mo. Elmes, Rev. Arthur F., Wilmington, N. C. B unger, Rev. Warren L., Minneapolis, Minn. Emrich, Rev. Frederick E., Brighton, Mass, Burdick, Rev. C. H., Everett, Wash. Ensminger, Rev. F. P., Star, N. C. Burgess, Rev. Gideon A., Providence, R. I. Evans, Mrs. Elias E., Scranton, Pa. Burtner, Rev. D. Emory, Lynn, Mass. Fairbank, Rev. A. M., Edgemont, S. D. Butler, Rev. Gardner S., Demor st, Ga. Farren, Rev Merritt A., Boston, Mass. Camfield, Rev. L. E., Academy, S. D. Fay, Mr. Edgar A., Springfielc, Ohio. Camp, Rev. Edward C., Watertown, Mass. Ferch, Rev. A. I-, Anacortes, Wash. Corporate Members of the Board 229

Fisher, Rev. C. Williams, Stockbridge, Mass. Miller, Rev. J. P., Minneapolis,’Minn. Flynn, Rev. D. J., Charlotte, N. C. Mills, Rev. George S., Bennington, Vt. Forbes, Mr. Frank W., Westboro, Mass. Miln, Rev. George, Stillman Valley, 111. Freeman, Rev. Marston, N. Chattanooga, Tenn. Mitchell, Prof., W. B., Brunswick, Me. Freeman, Mrs. Marston, N. Chattanooga, Tenn. Montgomery, Mr. John R., Chicago, 111. French, Mrs. Mary E., Templeton, Mass. Montgomery, Rev. R. J-, Grinnell, Iowa Frisbie, Mr. F. E.t Sheldon, Iowa. Nash, Rev. Chas. S., Berkeley, Calif. Gates, Rev. Carl M., Wellesley Hills, Mass. Nellor, Rev. C. H., Box 882, R. 4., Portland, Ore. Gearhart, Rev. C. D., Grant, Nebr. Nelson, Rev. J. Homer, Bar Harbor, Me. Gibbons, Mr. Alliston M., Cleveland, O. Newton, Mr. Robert, Franklin, Nebr. Giffen, Rev. Thomas T., Fresno, Calif. Nicholls, Rev. R. D., Lowell, Wash. Gilbert, Mr. Harold S., Portland, Ore. Oakes, Rev. Wm, M., Carrier, Okla. Gilbert, Mrs. Harold S., Portland, Ore. O’Brien, Rev. J. P.. New Orleans, La. Gonzales, Rev. John, Topeka, Kan. Ogg, Rev. William D., 2615 H St., Eureka, Calif. Goodson, Rev. John, Rapalje, Mont. Olden, Rev. J. C., Washington, D. C. Goodspeed, Rev. Frank L., Barre, Vt. Osbornson, Mrs. E. A., Oak Park, 111. Gould, Rev. Beniamin, Tulare, Calif. Owen, Rev. George W., Hyde Park, Mass. Graham, Rev. Roscoe, Akron, O. Parrott, Rev. Herbert I., Springfield, 111. Greenwood, Mr. Fred P., Everett Mass. Parry, Rev. J. Burford, Springfield, Mass. Guild, Rev. Geo. E., Craig, Colo. Parsons, Rev. St. Clare, Greenville, Mich. Haig, Rev. Thomas P., Rockville, Conn. Penrose, Mrs. S. B. L.. Walla Walla, Wash. Halliday, Rev. James F., Binghamton, N. Y. Phillips, Rev. Charles H., Jamestown, N. D. Hansen, Rev. Neil, Whitewater, Wis. Phillips, Mrs. Mary B., Jamestown, N. D. Harbutt, Rev. Charles, Portland, Me. Pickett, Rev. W. W., Fort Dodge, Iowa. Harned, Rev. H. E., Clinton, la. Pike, Rev. David, Mt. Vernon, Ohio. Harrison .Rev. C. H., Portland, Ore. Pitman, Rev. H. H., Shenandoah, Iowa. Harrison, Mrs. C. H., Portland, Ore. Potter, Mr. Fred L., Cortland, N. Y. Hawley. Rev. Henry K., Ames, Iowa. Pratt, Rev. Arthur P., Greenfield, Mass. Hayes, Rev. F. L., Chicago, 111. Pratt, Rev. John R., Brooklyn, Conn. Hays, Mr. R. R., Osborne, Kansas. Pratt, Mrs. John R., Brooklyn, Conn. Heald, Mrs. J. H., El Paso, Texas. Preston, Mr. E. G., Lexington, Mass. Hill, Rev. Charles W., La Mesa, Calif. Ramsay, Rev. William G., Ottumwa, Iowa. Hill, Rev. George W. C., New Britain, Conn. Randell, Rev. Alfred E., Jamestown, N. Y. Hinman, Mrs. Geo. W., Berkeley, Calif. Rankin, Rev. James H., Conneaut, O. Hitchcock, Rev. Samuel, Polytechnic, Mont. Ravi-Booth, Rev. Vincent, Bennington, Vt. Holman, Rev. Rex O., Hart, Mich. Raymond, Rev. Frederick W., Glastonbury, Ct. Holmes, Rev. John A., Lincoln, Nebr. Reed, Mrs. George, McLaughlin, S. Dak. Holton, Rev, Horace T., Brockton, Mass. Reese, Mrs. Elise J., Pittsburg, Pa. Hood, Rev. E. Lyman, River Edge, N. J. Rice, Rev. Claton S., Boise, Idaho. Hopkin, Rev. Robert, Denver, Colo. Rich, Rev. U. G., Hancock, Mich. Hopp, Rev. John H., Portland, Ore. Richards, Rev. James A., Winnetka, 111. Hoppin, Mr. Claude E., Glasgow, Mont. Ricker, Rev. A. E., Dallas, Texas. Horton, Rev. Douglas, Middletown, Conn. Sampson, Rev. C. C.t Tilton, N. H. Howard, Mr. Harry S., Burlington, Vt. Sawyer, Rev. Roland D., Ware, Mass. Hyde, Mr. Henry K., Ware, Mass. Shaw, Rev. G. W., Kidder, Mo. James, Rev. Horace P., Yakima, Wash. Shoemaker, Rev. J. R., Fort Bidwell, Calif. James, Mr. Warner, Brooklyn, N. Y. Sims, Rev. Thomas, Millbury, Mass. Jamison, Rev. H. W., Newell, S. D. Skentlebery, Rev. W. H., Romeo, Mich. Jansen, Mr. Jacob E., Lewis, Iowa. Slade, Rev. W. F., Manhattan, Kansas Johnson, Rev. Elmer H., Billings, Mont. Smith, Rev. Fred, Isabel, So. D. Jones, Mr, Stephen, Flandreau, S. D. Smith, Mrs. Fred, Isabel, So. D. Kelley. Rev. Samuel E., Allegan, Mich. Smith, Rev. G. LeGrand, Cleveland. O. Kenngott, Rev. George F., Los Angeles, Calif. Smith. Mr. Leonard, Haverhill, Mass. Kenngott, Mrs. George R., Los Angeles, Calif. Smith, Rev. O. W., Evansville, Wis. Kephart, Rev. William H., New York City. Southgate, Rev. B. M., Algona, Iowa. King, Rev. W. D., Omaha, Nebr. Stacy, Mrs. A. P., Minneapolis, Minn. Kinney, Rev. George E., Auburn, Maine. Starr, Rev. Harris E., New Haven, Conn. Kiplinger, Rev. O. L., Mansfield, Ohio. Steensma, Rev. W. S., Jackson, Mich. Kofoid, Mrs. Chas., Berkeley, Calif. Stephenson, Rev. W. E., Robbinsdale, Minn. Lee, Mrs. J. Beveridge, New London, Conn. Stillman, Rev. O. A., White Salmon, Wash. Lee, Mrs. L. O., 1734 Ridge Ave., Evanston, 111. Stone, Mr. A. A., Morris, Minn. Lewis, Rev. J. M., Sandwich, 111. Stone, Mr. Arthur F., St. Johnsbury, Vt. Littlefield, Hon. Nathan W., Pawtucket, R. I. Stowell, Mr. C. B., Hudson, Mich. Long, Rev. Frederick W., Keokuk, Iowa. Swartz, Rev. Herman F., Berkeley, Calif. Longsworth, Rev. W. H., Canton, O. Taft, Mr. R. C., Wallingford. Vt. Loomis, Mr. Ashmun, Redfield, S. D. Thompson, Rev. Albert M., Houlton, Me. Lougee, Mr. Willis E., Candia, N. H. Thygeson, Rev. Hanson E.t E. Falmouth, Mass. McCollum, Rev. Geo. T., Chicago, 111. Van der Pyl, Rev. Nicholas, Oberlin, Ohio. McConnell, Rev. Herbert, Grand Rapids, Mich. Van Keuren, Rev. Mailler, O., Schenectady, N.Y. McDermont, Miss Sallie A., Chicago, 111. Walker, Rev. Herbert, Holbrook, Mass. McGonagle, Mrs. W. A., Duluth, Minn. Warner, Mr. Ernest M., Madison, Wis. McKenzie. Mr. John, Great Falls, Mont. Warner, Mrs. Franklin H., White Plains, N. Y. Maples, Rev. Frank, E. Chicago, Ind. Warren, Rev. Brookes A., Clinton, Mich. Mason, Rev. H. C., Seattle, Wash. Webster, Mrs. D. D.. Minnespolis, Minn. Maylott, Rev. Worthy F., Derby, Conn. Weir, Mr. William C., Forest Grove. Ore. Mead, Rev. *£lwell O.,’Georgetown, Conn. Wheeier, Rev. Edgar C., Tacoma, Wash. Megathlin, Rev. H. G., Walpole, N. H. Wheeler, Gen. Elbert, Nashua, N. H. Mench, Mr. J. C., Mounds, 111. Wheeler, Rev. H. A., Cope, Colo. Merritt, Rev. Robert F., Platteville, Wis. White, Mr. Edson, Wakefield, Mass. Meyer. Rev. H. L., Quincy, 111. Wight, Rev. Andrew M., Syracuse, N. Y. 230 Corporate Members of the Board

Wightman, Rev. John C., Florence, Mass. Wright, Rev. John W., Merrimack, N. H. Wilson, Mrs. Alice, Kokomo, Ind. Wyatt, Rev. Francis O., Colfax, Wash. Wilson, Rev. C. W., Orono, Maine. WyckofT, Rev. J. L. R., North Woodbury, Conn. Wilson, Rev. David L., Bath, Maine. Yates, Rev. Charles D., Kellogg, Idaho Wilson, Rev. J. W., Appleton, Wis. Yoakum, Rev. G. D., Phoenix, Ariz. Wilson, Mr. March M., Randolph, Vt. Yourd, Rev. Paul H., Benton Harbor, Mich. Woodworth, Rev. F. G., Somers worth, N. H.

MEMBERS WHOSE TERMS EXPIRE 1927

Adams, Rev. D. Merle, Spencer, la. Coombs, Mr. Fred A., E. Orange, N. J. Adams, Mr. Edward H., Portsmouth, N. H. Cowan, Rev. John, Bristol, N. H. Aked, Rev. Charles F., Kansas City, Mo. Cressman, Rev. A. A. Crete, Nebr. Akerman, Rev. Nathan B., Gorham, X. H. Currie, Rev. R. J., Wyandotte. Mich. Albree, Mr. John, Swampscott, Mass. Dabney, Rev. Vaughan, Dorchester, Mass. Allin, Rev. E. A., Wahpeton, N. D. Davis, Rev. Oscar F., Michigan, N. D. Alvord, Judge Theodore, Pierce City, Mo. Day, Rev. F. Wilson, Swanton. Vt. Andrews, Mr. C. R., Ada, Minn. Dennett, Mrs. Ralph N., North Adams, Mass. Armstrong, Rev. E. P., Randolph, N. Y. Deyo, Rev. John M., Danbury, Conn. Arnold, Rev. Henry A., Toledo, Ohio. Dickey, Rev. J. G., Fargo, N. D. Ashley, Rev. W. H., New England, N. D. Dierberger, Rev. P. W., South Haven, Mich. Aspinwall, Dr. Wm. B., Worcester, Mass. Dodge, Rev. D. Witherspoon, Altanta, Ga. -j Atkinson, Rev. Frank, Sheridan, Wyo. Douglas, Rev. Lloyd C., Akron, Ohio. Babson, Mr. Roger W., Wellesley Hills, Mass. Duncan, Mr. James H., Searsport, Maine. Bailey, Rev. Gurdon F., Norwichtown, Conn. Dungan, Rev. T. A., Waukesha, Wis. Baker, Rev. Wm. M., Flint, Mich. Dunn, Rev. Henderson H., New Orleans, La. Baldwin, Rev. Lathrop, Rutland, Vt. Earl, Rev. Daniel, Velva, N. D. Barker, Rev. Ralph A., South Acton, Mass. Eckoff, Rev. P. J., Dover, 111. Barnwell, Rev. Henry S., Montgomery, Ala. Elledge, Rev. Wm. M., Sabetha, Kansas. Bast, Rev. Carl P., Mi'lbank, S. D. Ellis, Rev. Arthur M., Richmond Hill, N. Y. Beard, Rev. R. A., Fargo, N. Dak. Emerson, Rev. Chester B., Detroit, Mich. Beddoes, Rev. A. E., Beardstown, 111. Erther, Mrs. C., Glendive, Mont. Bender, Rev. Wm. A., Abbeville, La. Eusden, Rev. Ray A., Lawrence, Kan. Bigelow, Rev. E. Victor, Andover, Mass. Evans, Rev. Benj. D., Johnstown, Pa. Bigelow, Rev. Frank E., Washington, D. C. Evans, Rev. J. J., Oak Hill, Ohio. Bishop, Rev. F. J., Sycamore, 111. Ewers, Rev. John Upton, Scranton, Pa. Bixler, Rev. James W., Exeter, N. H. Farnham, Mr. H. M., Buffalo, N. Y. Blackburn, Rev. J. Frank, Atlanta, Ga. Faville, Rev. Theodore R., Madison, Wis. Blackburn, Mr. William J., Oswego, N. Y. Ferris, Rev. H. H., Boscobel, Wis. Blanchard, Rev. F. Q., Cleveland, Ohio. Fifield, Rev. L. Wendell. Sioux Falls, S. D. Booth, Rev. Henry K., Long Beach, Calif. Fiske, Rev. Samuel A., Berlin, Conn. Bradford, Rev. Arthur H., Providence, R. I. Flint, Rev. Irving A., Falmouth, Mass. Bradford, Rev. Emory L., Boxford, Mass. Ford, Rev. E. T., Hartford, Vt. Bradley, Rev. Nelson S., Saginaw, Mich. Fox, Rev. Daniel F., Pasadena, Calif. Brookes, Rev. George S., Ellsworth, Maine. Fraser, Rev. David, West Somerville, Mass. Brower, Rev. Charles De W., Tampa, Florida Frazier, Rev. Wm. F., Burlington, Vt. Brown, Rev. Russell S., Atlanta, Ga. French, Mr. C. A., Monticello, Minn. Brush, Dr. George W., Brooklyn, N. Y.. French, Rev. Henry H., Nashua, N. II. Bryant, Rev. Charles M., Newark Valley, N.Y. Fuller, Rev. Edgar R., Bakersfield, Calif. Buchanan, Mr. James A., Buchanan, N. D. Gale, Rev. C. R., Seattle, Wash. Bull, Rev. Wilbur I., Ashland, Maine. Gale, Mrs. C. R., Seattle, Wash. Bullock, Rev. M. C., Great Bend, Kan. Gaylord, Mrs. E. K.. Oklahoma City, Okla. Burbank, Mr Charles E.,West Boylston, Mass. Gerlach, Mr. J. J., Hillyard, Wash. Burch, Rev. Guy R., Stanton, Neb. Gilkey, Mrs. R. E., Dixfield, Maine. Burgess, Rev. Louis F., Madison, Conn. Gillette, Rev. Edwin C., Jacksonville, Fla. Burnham, Rev. Edmund A., Taunton, Mass. Gilpin, Mr. Wallace, Barton, Vt. Burt, Rev. Enoch H., Torrington, Conn. Graedel, Rev. Gottfried, Odessa, Wash. Bush, Rev. Frank H., Chicago, 111. Graham, Rev. John, Kittery Point, Maine. Butler, Rev. Elmer W., Thorsby, Ala. Graham, Rev. John J. G.. Traer, Iowa. Butterfield, Rev. Ray E., Worcester, Mass. Green, Rev. C. C.. Wakefield, Kan. Calkins, Pev. E. Dale, Britt, la. Green, Mr. Wm. G., Waterbury, Conn. Campbell, Pev. Andrew, Orange, Mass. Groves, Rev. J. W., Atlanta, Ga. Carter, Rev. George K., North Berwick, Me. Hacke, Rev. A. C., Fargo, N. Dak. Case, Mr. Wm.. Benzonia, Mich. Hanna, Rev. George T., Marion, la. Cash, Rev. William L., Chattanooga, Tenn. Hardcastle, Rev. W m., Iowa Falls, la. Chamberlin, Rev. Roy B., Hanover, N. H. Harger, Rev. C. H., Benzonia, Mich. Chase, Rev. C.Thurston, Gr’t Barrington, Mass. Harmon, Rev. Willard P., Ticonderoga, N. Y. Clapp, Mr. Henry N., Westhampton, Mass. Harper, Rev. Thomas H., Dallas, Texas. Clapp, Rev. Raymond G., Cincinnati. O. Harper, Mrs. Thomas H„ Dallas, Texas. Clark, Rev. Cornelius E., Dover-Foxcroft, Me. Harris, Rev. Ilenry, Baraboo, Wis. Clark, Rev. James S.,Vergennes, Vt. Harwood, Mr. F. J., Appleton, Wis. Coe, Mr. D. O., Topeka, Kansas Hatt, Rev. T. B., Island Falls, Maine. Coe, Rev. Robert W., Norwood, Mass. Hawkes, Mrs. A. S., York Village. Maine. Cole, Mr. Daniel P., Springfield, Mass. Hawley, Rev. John A., Amherst, Mass. Coleman, Mr. Theodore L., Milwaukee, Wis. Hayward, Rev. Charles E., Stowe, Vt. Conard, Rev. W. J., Dogden, N. D. Haywood, Mr. C. D., Davenport, Iowa. Condit, Mr. B. A., Glenaive, Mont. Hazeltine, Mr. Addison H., Miami, Fla. Cooledge, Mrs. Viola M., Ludlow, Vt. Heald, Rev. J. H., New York City. Corporate Members of the Board 231

Healey, Mr. E. S., Webster Groves, Mo. Ogawa, Rev. K., Los Angeles, Calif. Hemenway, Mr. Fred, Marlboro, N. H. Olmstead, Rev. Chas;, Fulton, N. Y. Herrick, Mr. Geo. M., Chicago, 111. Olmsted, Rev. Nirum P., Matoon. 111. Herring, Rev. Hubert C., Wichita, Kan. Orchard, Rev. John, Dickinson, N. D. Hitchcock, Rev. Samuel, Williston, N. D. Osborn, Rev. A. T., La Grange, Ga. Hjetland, Rev. J, H., Winthrop, Minn, Osgood, Mr. E. B., Cumberland Center,1 Me. Hoadley, Mr. Justus R., Rutland, Vt. Palmer, Rev. Albert W., Honolulu, T. H. Holmes, Dr. O. H., Walla Walla, Wash. Palmer, Rev. Willard H., Calais, Maine. Holmes, Rev. Wm. T., Tougaloö, Miss.. Parsons. President Edward S , Marietta, O. Holton, Rev. Charles S., Newbury.port, Mass. Partch, Rev. LeRoy C., Columbus, Wis. Hooka-, Mr. B. S., Bradford, Vt. Paterson, Rev. J. R., Canova, S. D. Howe, Mrs. Oliver H., Cohasset, Mass. Peabody, Rev. Harry E„ AppletQn, Wis. Howells, Mr. David, Kane, Pa. Pearson, Rev. Samuel, Chickasha, Okla. Huckel, Rev. Oliver, Greenwich, Conn. Pedrick, Mr. S. M., Ripon, Wis. Hughes, Rev. E. Daniel, West Winfield. N. Y. Perrin, Rev. D. J., Huron, S. D. Hughes, Rev. Enoch, North Sc'ra'ntcin, Pa. Petersen, Rev. C. E., Central Lake, Mich. Humphrey, Mr. Chester W., Rochester, Mass. Peterson, Rev. Carl J., No. Craftsbury, Vt. Hyslop, Rev. James, Talladega, Ala. Peterson, Rev. Oscar W., Penacook, N. H. Ingram, Mrs. W. R., Oklahoma City, Okla. Petty, Rev. Orville A., New Haven, Conn. Ives, Rev. Henry S., Newbury, Vt. Pflager, Mr. Henry M., St. Louis. Mo. Jenkins, Miss Helen, Thorsby, Ala. Phillips, Mr. Edward H., New Orleans, La. Jockinsen, Rev. John P., Lansing, Mich. Pierce, Rev. Jason N., Washington, D. C. Johnson, Rev. George H., New Milford, Conn. Pierce, Mr. John L., Lincoln, Nebr. Johnson, Rev. P. A., Grinnell, la. Pleasant, Rev. Ellis E.,Wailuku, Maui, Hawaii Johnson, Mr. R. A., Windsor, Vermont Pratt, Rev. N. M., Lockport, N. Y. Jones, Rev. Thomas J., Scranton, Pa. Pritchard, Rev. John M., Nelson, N. Y. Judson, Mr. C. A., Sandusky, Ohio. Purdum, Rev. Lewis E., Dover, N. II. Keck, Rev. Samuel W., Watertown, S. D. Putney, Mrs. Freeman, Jr., So.Weymouth, Mass. Kedzie, Mrs. Zua V., Pittsford, Mich. Pyle, Rev. H. L., Watertown, N. Y. Keller, Rev. Lewis H., Atlanta, Ga. Reed, Rev. G. W., McLaughlin, S. D. Kellogg, Mr. Dan A., Old Saybrook, Conn. Reed, Rev. Lewis T., Brooklyn, N. Y. King, Rev. Elisha A., Miami Beach, Fla. Rees, Rev. Levi, Stafford Springs, Conn. Knight, Rev. Charles L., La Jolla, Calif. Richmond, Rev. William A., Bridgton, Maine. Kolmos, Mrs. J. J., Maywood, 111. Roberts, Miss Estelle, Seattle, Wash. Krom, Rev. Asbury, Providence, R. I. Robinson, Mrs. O. L., Milwaukee, Wis. Lash, Rev. James H., Hollywood, Calif. Rolls, Rev, F. C., Hudson, N. H. Lawless, Rev. Alfred, Jr., Atlanta, Ga. Rowden, Rev. Wm. S., Pierre, Neb. Lee, Rev. J. Beveridge, New London, Conn. Rowlison, Rev. C. G., La Crosse, Wis. Lee. Rev. Vinton, Dubuque, la. Russell, Mr, Ernest S., South Hadley, Mass. Lindley, Rev. Glen, Mitchell, S. D. Schulz, Rev. Erwin, Treynor, Iowa. Lippitt, Rev. L. A., Dubuque, la. Scribner, Rev. Frank J.. Janesville, Wis. Lock', Rev. Robert J., Urbana, 111. Searles, Mrs. Florence D., Los Angeles, Calif. Lockwood, Miss Ida F., Headland, Ala. Sharpe, Rev. Perry A., Vermillion, S. D. Lockwood, Rev. W. T., Boise, Idaho. Shaw, Rev. Edwin S., Minneapolis, Minn. Lodwick, Rev. Wm., Sparta, Wis. Shepherd, Mr. A. B., Derry, N. H. Loud, Miss Harriet, Weymouth, Mass. Shipherd, Rev. T. M., Milwaukee, Wis. Luke, Rev. Joshia A., Binghamton, N. Y. Shuttleworth, Mrs. W. D., Sibley, la. Lund, Rev. Edward B., Adams, N. D. Skerry, Rev. J. W., Tonasket, Wash. Lyman, Mrs. Albert J., Brooklyn, N. Y. Smith, Rev. C. C. Olivet, Mich. McElhiney, Rev. Charles H., Madison, Maine. Smith, Mr. E. G., Beloit, Wis. McKenzie, Rev. Alexander L., Walpole, Mass. Smith, Rev. Frank G., Omaha, Neb. McLaren, Mr. D. L., Spokane, Wash. Smith, Rev. G. Byron, Iberia, Mo. McLeod, Rev. A. B., Tabor, la. Smith. Rev. J. G., Fayetteville, N. C. McPherson, Rev. Neil, Springfield, Mass. Smith, Rev. T. B., Downs, Kansas. McQuarrie, Rev. Neil, Atlanta, Ga. Snell, Rev. Spencer,” Florence, Ala. McWhorter, Rev. Andrew T., Augusta, Me. Stacy, Mr. Arthur P..Minneapolis, Minn. Manwell, Rev. Augustine P., Gloversville, N.Y Starkweather, Mr. Charles M., Hartford. Conn. Marsh, Rev. Burton E., Stuart, la. Stauffacher, Rev. A. D., Northfield, Minn. Medlar, Rev. W. H., Wayzata, Minn. Steenson, Rev. Isaac, Madrid, N. Y. Medlar, Mrs. W. H., Wayzata, Minn. Sterns, Rev. Wallace H., Graniti Falls, Minn. Merriam, Mrs. Chas. W., Grand Rapids, Mich. Stevens. Rev. Charles L., South Deerfield, Mass. Merriam, Rev. Geo. E., Buffalo, N. Y. Stevens, Rev. J. M., Pforia, 111. Merrill, Rev. Chas. E., Chicago, 111. Stewart, Dr. Alfred J., Mitchell, Nebr. Merrill, Rev. George P., Minneapolis. Minn. Stewart, Rev. I. W., Detroit, Mich. Mitchell, Rev. E. Knox, Jr., Ann Arbor, Mich. Stewart, Mr. J. D., Hopkinton, Mass. Moffat, Rev. T. Aird, Newark, N. J. Stickney, Rev. Edwin H., Fargo, No. Dak. Moore, Mr. John J., Glencoe, 111. Stilwell, Mr. Giles H., Syracuse, N. Y. Moulton, Rev. Warren J., Bangor, Me. Stoughton, Rev. L. H., Hardwick, Vt. Mullei, Rev. Matt, Port Huron, Mich. Strange, Rev. Wm. L., Moline, 111. Murphy, Rev. Charles G., Lincoln. Nebr. Street, Rev. Wm. Dana, White Plain-;, N. Y. Murtfeldt, Rev. Frank W., Utica. N. Y. Studcbaker, Rev. H. A., Beloit, Wis. Myers, Rev. H. W., Jr., Philadelphia, Pa. Sutherland, Rev. J. W., Lansing, Mich. Nash, Rev. Geo. W., Chicago, 111. Swanson, Rev. Isaac J., Ravenna, O. Newcomb, Rev. A. F., Williams Bay, Wis. Swartz, Mrs. Herman F., Berkeley. Cal. Nichdls. Rev. John R., Chicago, III. Taggart, Rev. C. E., Reed City, Mich. Nightingale, Rev. A., Parshall, N. D. Taggart, Rev. G. A., Weiser, Idaho. North, Rev. Stanley U., Walton, N. Y. Tappe, Mrs. H. W., Cleveland, O. Norton, Miss Sylvina C., Westchester, Conn. Thomas, Rev. G. J., Raleigh, N. C. Noyes, Rev. Henry H., Saundersville, Mass. Thomas, Rev. Lewis J., Duxbury, Mass. Obenhaus, Rev. Herman, Chicago, 111. Thomas, Rev. Owen, Fontanelle, la. 232 Corporate Members of the Board

Thompson, Mr. Chas. E., Hartford, Conn. Webster, Mrs. Marion M.. Minneapolis Minn. Tiede, Rev. O. J., Redfield, S. D. Wehrenberg, Rev. E. L., Star, N. C. Todd, Rev. Albert G., Rodman, N. Y. Welles, Rev. Kenneth, Northampton, Mass. Trickey, Rev. Benj. J., Albion, Nebr. Whitcomb, Rev. E. B., Pierre, S. D. Turner, Mr. W. C., Evarts, Ky. Whitehead, Mr. John M., Janesville, Wis. Tuthill, Rev. Wm. B., Lowell, Mass. Wicks, Mr. Charles H., Rhinelander. Wis. Tweedy, Rev. Harry E., Red Cloud. Nebr. Wicks, Rev. Robert R., Holyoke, Mass. Tyler, Rev. W. A., Lincoln, Nebr. Wilcox, Mr. Fred M., La Manda Park, Calif. Updike, Mrs. D. Foster, Glen Ridge, N. J. Williams, Rev. E. R., Syracuse, N. Y. Van Dyke, Mr. Geo., Indianapolis, Ind. Williams, Rev. George, Rapid City, S. D. Vaughan, Rev. Stephen, She’.by, Mich. Williams, Rev. Geo. C., Newton. Ia. ' Van Horn, Rev. Francis, J., Tacoma, Wash. Williams, Rev. H. Y., St. Paul, Minn. Voorhees, Rev. Frank, Long Island, N. Y. Williams, Rev. T. Y., Chicago, 111. Voorhees, Rev. J. Spencer, Pomfret, Conn. Williams, Rev. Wm., Jonesport, Maine. Walker, Rev. Raymond B., Billings, Mont. Wilson, Rev. George, Wellsville, N. Y. Walton, Rev. Alfred G., Stamford, Conn. Winchester. Mrs. B. S., Fairfield, R. D., Conn. Ward, Mr. Frederick M., New Haven, Conn. Wirt, Rev. Loyal L., Berkeley, Calif. Warner, Rev. A. C., Springfield, S. D. Woodward, Mr. A. E., Sandwich, 111. Warner, Mr. E. D., Jackson. Mich. Woodworth, Rev. ArthurV.,W. Brattleboro, Vt. Warren, Rev. Willis A., Painesville, O. Woolley, Pres Mary E., South Hadley, Mass. Watson, Rev. Robert J., Dwight, 111. Wuertzbach, Mr. Carl, Lee, Mass. Webb, Rev. Henry W., Wiscasset, Me. Wyckofif, Rev. Charles S., Plainville, Conn. Webster, Rev. F. M., De Kalb, 111. Yeretzian, Rev. Aram S., Los Angeles, Calif. OFFICERS OF THE BOARD

Elected Service Ended Elected Service Ended Presidents 1869 Rev. Edmund K. Alden 1876 1870 J. Russell Bradford 1883 1810 John Treadwell 1810 1870 Joseph S. Ropes 1894 1823 Rev. Joseph Lyman 1826 1875 Rev. Egbert C. Smyth 1886 1826 John Cotton Smith 1841 1876 Rev. Edwin B. Webb 1900 1841 Theo. Frelinghuysen 1857 1876 Charles C. Burr 1900 1857 Rev. Mark Hopkins 1887 1876 Elbridge Torrey 1893 1887 Rev. Richard S. Storrs 1897 1878 Rev. Isaac R. Worcester 1882 1897 Rev. Charles M. Lamson 1899 1882 Rev. Albert H. Plumb 1903 1899 Samuel B. Capen 1914 1883 William P. Ellison 1903 1914 Rev. Edward C. Moore* 1884 Rev. Charles F. Thwing 1886 1886 Rev. Edward S. Atwood 1888 1886 Rev. Charles A. Dickinson 1892 Vice-Presidents 1888 Rev. Francis E. Clark 1892 1889 G. Henry Whitcomb 1905 1810 Rev. Samuel Spring 1819 1893 A. Lyman Williston 1894 1819 Rev. Joseph Lyman 1823 1893 Rev. James G. Vose 1899 1823 John Cotton Smith 1826 1893 Henry D. Hyde 1897 1826 Stephen Van Rensselaer 1839 1893 James M .W . Hall 1905 1839 Theo. Frelinghuysen 1841 1893 Rev. John E. Tuttle 1894 1841 Thomas S. Williams 1857 1893 Rev. W iliam W. Jordan 1904 1857 William Jessup 1864 1893 Rev. Elijah Horr 1904 1864 William E. Dodge 1883 1894 Charles A. Hopkins 1904 1883 Eliphalet W. Blatchford 1897 1894 Rev. Nehemiah Boynton 1899 1897 D. Willis James 1900 1896 Rev. William H. Davis 1905 1900 Rev. Henry Hopkins 1906 1897 Samuel C. Darling 1906 1906 Rev. Albert J. Lyman 1907 1899 Rev. Edward C. Moore 1908 1907 Rev. Henry C. King 1910 1900 Rev. Francis E. Clark 1906 1910 Rev. Edward D. Eaton 1917 1900 Edward Whitin 1907 1917 David Percy Jones* 1903 Rev. Arthur L. Gillett 1912 1903 Francis O. Winslow 1912 1904 Herbert A. Wilder 1913 1904 Rev. Edward M. Noyes 1913 Prudential Committee 1904 Rev. John Hopkins Denison 1910 1905 Rev. Frederick Fosdick 1906 1810 William Bartlett 1814 1905 Arthur H. Wellman 1914 1810 Rev. Samuel Spring 1819 1905 Rev. Francis J. Van Horn 1906 1810 Rev. Samuel Worcester 1821 1906 Charles A. Hopkins 1912 1812 Jeremiah Evarts 1830 1906 Rev. Albert P. Fitch 1912 1815 Rev. Jedediah Morse 1821 1906 Henry H. Proctor 1914 1818 William Reed 1834 1906 Rev. Edwin H. Byington 1906 1819 Rev. Leonard Woods 1844 1907 Rev. George A. Hall 1915 1821 Samuel Hubbard 1843 1908 Arthur Perry 1918 1821 Rev. Warren Fay 1839 1908 Rev. Lucius H. Thayer 1917 1828 Rev. Benjamin B. Wisner 1835 1910 Rev. Edward C. Moore 1914 1831 Rev. Elias Cornelius 1832 1912 Rev. Willard L. Sperry 1920 1832 Samuel T. Armstrong 1850 1912 John C. Berry 1921 1832 Charles Stoddard 1873 1912 Rev. Raymond Calkins 1915 1834 John Tappaa 1864 1912 James Logan 1912 1835 Daniel Noyes 1846 1913 Walter K. Bigelow 1915 1837 Rev. Nehemiah Adams 1869 1913 Rev. Shepherd Knapp 1922 1839 Rev. Silas Aiken 1849 1913 Francis O. Winslow 1917 1843 William W. Stone 1850 1914 Herbert A. Wilder 1920 1845 William J. Hubbard 1859 1914 Rev. Edward M. Noyes 1919 1849 Rev. Augustus C. Thompson 1893 1914 Henry P. Kendall 1917 1850 William T. Eustis 1868 1915 Rev. Arthur L. Gillett 1850 John Aiken 1865 1915 Arthur H. Wellman 1851 Daniel Safford 1856 1915 Henry H. Proctor 1919 1854 Henry Hill 1865 1917 Rev. Edward D. Eaton 1923 1856 Rev. Isaac Ferris 1857 1917 Charles S. Bates 1919 1856 Walter S. Griffith 1870 1917 Charles A. Bliss 1919 1856 Rev. Asa D. Smith 1863 1918 Frank B. Towne 1857 Alpheus Hardy 1886 1919 Rev. Ashley D. Leavitt 1859 Linus Child 1870 1919 J. Livingston Grandin 1860 William S. South worth 1865 1919 Arthur Perry 1923 1863 Rev. Albert Barnes 1870 1920 Rev. Arthur H. Bradford 1863 Rev. Robert R. Booth 1870 1921 Charles S. Olcott 1865 Abner Kingman 1877 1921 Rev. John H. Denison 1922 1865 Rev. Andrew L. Stone 1866 1922 Rev. George W . Owen 1865 James M. Gordon 1876 1922 Dr. Joel Goldthwaite 1866 Rev. Rufus Anderson 1875 1923 Rev. Shepherd Knapp 1868 Ezra Farnsworth 1889 1923 Franklin H. Warner ♦Members of the Prudential Committee, ex 234 Officers of the Board

Elected Service Ended Elected Service E nded Corresponding Secretaries 1842 Rev. Daniel Crosby 1843 1888 Rev. Edward N. Packard 1915 1810 Rev. Samuel Worcester 1821 1915 Rev. Edward W. Capen 1821 Jeremiah Evarts 1831 1831 Rev. Elias Cornelius 1832 Treasurers 1832 Rev. Benjamin B. Wisner 1835 1832 Rev. Rufus Anderson 1866 1810 Samuel H. Walley 1811 1832 Rev. David Greene 1848 1811 Jeremiah Evarts 1822 1835 Rev. William J. Armstrong 1847 1822 Henry Hill 1854 1847 Rev. Selah B. Treat 1877 1854 James M. Gordon 1865 1848 Rev. Swan L. Pomroy 1859 1865 Langdon S. Ward 1895 1852 Rev. George W. Wood 1871 1896 Frank H. Wiggin 1920 1865 Rev. Nathaniel G. Clark 1894 1920 Frederick A. Gaskins 1876 Rev. Edmund K. Alden 1893 1880 Rev. John O. Means 1883 1884 Rev. Judson Smith 1906 Assistant Treasurers 1893 Rev. Charles H. Daniels 1903 1894 Rev. James L. Barton 1895 Frank H. Wiggin 1896 1904 Rev. Cornelius H. Patton 1918 Miss Hester T. Babson 1920 1912 Rev. Edward Lincoln Smith 1921 1920 Harold B. Belcher 1921 Rev. William E. Strong Auditors Assistant Corresponding Secretaries 1810 Joshua Goodale 1812 1824 Rev. Rufus Anderson 1832 1812 Samuel H. Walley 1813 1828 Rev. David Greene 1832 1813 Charles Walley 1814 1814 Chester Adams 1817 Editorial Secretaries 1817 Ashur Adams 1822 1822 Chester Adams 1827 1894 Rev. Elnathan E. Strong 1914 1827 William Ropes 1829 1907 Rev. William E. Strong 1921 1829 John Tappan 1834 1921 Rev. Enoch F. Bell 1829 Charles Stoddard 1832 1832 William J. Hubbard 1842 Associate Secretaries 1834 Daniel Noyes 1835 1835 Charles Scudder 1847 1906 Harry Wade Hicks 1908 1842 Moses L. Hale 1868 1906 Rev. William E. Strong 1907 1847 Samuel H. Walley 1876 1910 Rev. Enoch F. Bell 1921 1867 Joseph S. Ropes 1870 1910 Rev. D. Brewer Eddy 1868 Thomas H. Russell 1876 1921 Rev. Ernest W. Riggs 1870 Avery Plumer 1887 1874 Richard H. Stearns 1875 1875 Elbridge Torrey 1876 Recording Secretaries 1876 James M. Gordon 1892 1876 Arthur W. Tufts 1892 1810 Rev. Calvin Chapin 1843 1887 Joseph C. Tyler 1889 1843 Rev. Selah B. Treat 1847 1889 Samuel Johnson 1897 1847 Rev. Samuel M. Worcester 1866 1892 Richard H. Stearns 1896 1866 Rev. John O. Means 1881 1892 Edwin H. Baker 1923 1881 Rev. Henry A. Stimson 1915 1896 Elisha R. Brown 1901 1915 Rev. Oscar E. Maurer 1897 Henry E. Cobb 1908 1901 William B. Plunkett 1917 Assistant Recording Secretaries 1908 Herbert J. Wells 1918 Samuel Woolverton 1920 1836 Charles Stoddard 1839 1920 Henry P. Kendall 1839 Rev. Bela B. Edwards 1842 1923 W. W. Mills PLACES OF MEETINGS AND PREACHERS

Place oj Meeting Preacher Text

1810 Farmington ...... *No Sermon 1811 W orcester...... *No Sermon 1812 Hartford ...... *No Sermon 1813 Boston...... *Timothy Dwight, D .D ...... John x, 16 1814 New Haven ...... *James Richards, D .D...... Ephesians iii, 8 1815 Salem ...... *Calvin Chapin, D .D ...... Psalm xcvi, 10 1816 Hartford ...... *Henry Davis, D .D ...... Psalm cxix, 96 1817 Northampton...... *Jesse Appleton, D.D ...... 1 Corinthians i, 21 1818 New Haven ...... *Samuel Spring, D .D ...... Acts viii, 30, 31 1819 B oston...... ^Joseph Lyman, D.D ...... Isaiah lviii, 12 1820 Hartford ...... *Eliphalet Nott, D .D...... Mark xvi, 15 1821 Springfield ...... *Jedidiah Morse, D.D...... Psalm ii, 8 1822 New Haven ...... *Alexander Proudfit, D.D. . . .Malachi, i, 11 1823 B oston...... *Jeremiah Day, D .D ...... Nehemiah, vi, 3 1824 Hartford...... *Samuel Austin, D.D...... Galatians i, 15, 16 1825 Northampton...... *Joshua Bates, D.D ...... John viii, 32 1826 Middletown ...... *Edward D. Griffin, D.D. .. . Matthew xxviii, 18, 20 1827 New Y o rk ...... *Lyman Beecher, D.D...... Luke xi, 21; Rev., etc. 1828 Philadelphia...... *John H. Rice, D .D ...... 2 Corinthians x, 4 1829 Albany ...... * Archibald Alexander, D.D. .Acts xi, 18 183 0 Boston...... *Thomas De Witt, D.D ...... Matthew ix, 37, 38 1831 New Haven ...... ♦Leonard Woods, D .D ...... Isaiah lxii, 1, 2 1832 New Y o rk ...... *William Allen, D .D...... John viii, 36 1833 Philadelphia...... *William Murray, D .D ...... 2 Corinthians x, 4 1834 U tic a ...... *Gardner Spring, D.D ...... Matthew x, 6 1835 Baltimore...... ♦Samuel Miller, D.D...... Numbers xiv, 21 1836 Hartford ...... *John Codman, D.D...... Matthew x, 8 1837 N ewark...... *John McDowell, D.D...... Acts iv, 12 1838 Portland...... *Herman Humphrey, D.D.. . .Psalm cii, 13-16 1839 Troy ...... *Thomas McAuley, D .D...... Isaiah xi, 9 1840 Providence...... *Nathan S. S. Beman, D.D. .Psalm lxxii, 17 1841 Philadelphia...... * Jus tin Edwards, D.D...... Zechariah iv, 9 1842 Norwich ...... *William R. De Witt, D.D. . .2 Corinthians v, 14 1843 Rochester...... *Thomas H. Skinner, D.D. . . Philippians iii, 13 1844 W orcester...... *Rev. Albert Barnes...... Luke xiv, 28-32 1845 Brooklyn...... *Mark Hopkins, D.D...... Psalm lv, 22 1846 New Haven ...... *Joel Hawes, D.D...... 1 Samuel vii, 12 1847 Buffalo ...... *David Magie, D .D ...... Isaiah xxxii, 15 1848 Boston...... *Isaac Ferris, D .D ...... Matthew vi, 20 1849 Pittsfield...... ♦Samuel H. Cox, D.D ...... Daniel vii, 27 185 0 Oswego ...... *Richard S. Storrs, D.D 1 Corinthians xv, 58 1851 Portland...... *David H. Riddle, D.D...... Isaiah xli, 14, 15 1852 Troy ...... ^Leonard Bacon, D.D...... 2 Corinthians v, 7 1853 Cincinnati...... *William Adams, D.D...... Matthew viii, 38 1854 Hartford ...... "“Charles White, D.D...... Matthew vi, 10 1855 U tic a ...... *Nehemiah Adams, D.D...... Galatians ii, 20 1856 N ewark...... *George W. Bethune, D.D.. . .1 Timothy i, 15 1857 Providence...... *M. LaRue P.Thompson.D.D. Matthew xxviii,20 1858 Detroit ...... ♦George Shepard, D.D...... Luke xi, 41 1859 Philadelphia...... * Robert W. Patterson...... Matthew xiii, 33 1860 B oston...... *Samuel W. Fisher, D.D...... Isaiah xiv, 1-6: xliii, 21 1861 Cleveland...... *Richard S. Storrs, D .D ...... 1 Corinthians l, 28 1862 Springfield ...... *Henry Smith, D.D ...... John xvii, 20, 21 1863 Rochester...... *Elisha L. Cleveland, D .D ... .Luke xxiv, 45-47 1864 Worcester...... ♦Johnathan B. Condit, D.D. .Philippians ii, 15, 16 1865 Chicago...... *Edward N. Kirk, D.D ...... 2 Corinthians v, 7 1866 Pittsfield...... *Laurens P. Hickok, D.D. . . .Philippians ii, 10, 11 1867 Buffalo ...... * Joseph P. Thompson, D .D .. .John i, 4 1868 Norwich ...... ♦Henry A. Nelson, D .D ...... John xii, 32 1869 Pittsburg ...... *John Todd, D .D ...... Malachi, 1, 11 1870 Brooklyn...... *Johnathan F. Stearns, D.D Matthew xxviii, 18-20 1871 Salem ...... *Truman M. Post, D.D...... Mark x, 45 1872 New Haven ...... ♦Samuel C. Bartlett, D.D. . . . 1 Corinthians ii, 1-5 1873 Minneapolis...... ♦Julius H. Seelye, D .D ...... Romans iv, 25 1874 Rutland ...... ♦Henry M. Scudder, D .D ...... Romans x, 14, 15 1875 Chicago...... ♦Israel W. Andrews, D.D...... Romans i, 14 1876 Hartford ...... ♦William M. Taylor, D.D. .. .Ezekiel xlvii, 9 1877 Providence...... *James H. Fairchild, D.D. . . . 1 John iv, 20 1878 Milwaukee ...... *Henry H. Jessup, D.D...... Address 1879 Syracuse...... *George F. Magoun, D.D. . . . Matthew xxviii, 18, 19 1880 L ow ell...... *Jacob M. Manning, D.D. .. .Revelation xxi, 1 ♦Deceased 235 236 Places of Meetings

Year Place of Meeting Preacher Text 1881 St. L ou is...... ♦A. J. F. Behrends, D.D. .. . Luke xiv, 28, 30 1882 Portland...... *Edward P. Goodwin, D.D. . Acts xiii_, 2 1883 Detroit ...... ♦William M. Barbour, D.D. .Mark xii, 31 1884 Colum bus...... ♦Aaron L. Chapin, D.D. .. .Acts xx, 24 1885 Boston...... ♦George Leon Walker, D.D. .Hebrews xi, 13, 39, 40 1886 Des Moines ...... *John L. Withrow, D .D ...... Actsxxvi, 17, 18 1887 Springfield ...... ♦Frederick A. Noble. D.D. .. . Luke xi, 2 1888 Cleveland...... ♦Henry Hopkins, D .D ...... John xiv, 6; Eph. 1, 23 1889 New Y o rk ...... ♦Llewellyn Pratt, D .D ...... John xx, 21-23 1890 Minneapolis...... ♦Arthur Little, D .D ...... John xii, 24 1891 Pittsfield...... *Edwin B. Webb, D .D ...... 1 Corinthians iii, 9 1892 Chicago...... *Daniel March, D .D ...... Matthew xxi, 5 1893 W orcester...... *Albert J. Lyman, D .D ...... 1 Corinthians ix, 19-23 1894 Madison ...... *T. Eaton Clapp, D.D...... Acts xi, 18 1895 Brooklyn...... George A. Gordon, D .D ...... 1 Corinthians ii, 2 1896 T oledo...... ^Edward N. Packard, D.D. .. Acts ii, 14-18 1897 New Haven ...... Nehemiah Boynton, D.D. ...John xxi, 17 1898 Grand Rapids ...... R. R. Meredith, D .D ...... Luke iv, 18 1899 Providence...... *George C. Adams. D .D ...... John x, 10 1900 St. L ou is...... Edward C. Moore, D .D ...... 1 Kings xix, 7 1901 H artford...... Edward D. Eaton, LL.D. . ... Matthew xi, 4, 5 1902 Oberlin ...... Newell D. Hillis, D .D ...... Matt, xiii, 33; Mark viii, 24 1903 Manchester ...... *Willard G. Sperry, D .D...... Revelation xiv, 1 1904 Grinnell...... !. ♦Reuen Thomas, D .D...... 2 Corinthians vi, 11-13 1905 Seattle...... *Rev. Joseph H. Twichell ... . Romans i, 14 1906 Williamstown and North Adams *George A. Gates, D .D ...... 2 Corinthians v, 14 1907t Cleveland...... George A. Gordon, D.D. .... John xvii, 3 1908 Brooklyn...... Charles S. Mills, D.D...... Job xxvii; John xiv, 9 1909 Minneapolis...... *Washington Gladden, D.D. . Isaiah lx, 4-5 1910t B oston...... W. Douglas Mackenzie, D.D John iii, 16 1911 Milwaukee ...... Arthur H. Smith, D.D...... Isaiah, xiv, 23 1912 Portland...... Watson L. Phillips, D.D. ...John xiii, 13; Luke vi, 46 1913t Kansas C it y ...... Charles E. Jefferson, D.D. . .Job xxiii, 3; John i, 39 1914 Detroit ...... Dan F. Bradley, D .D ...... Gal. iv, 4; Rev. xxii, 10 1915t New Haven ...... Ozora S. Davis, D. D ...... John xvii, 39; Matt, x, 39 and xxiii, 8 1916 T oled o...... G. Glenn Atkins, D.D. . . . . Revelation xix, 12 1917f Columbus...... Charles S. Mills, D.D .Isaiah xiv, 32; John vi,28,29 1918 Hartford...... Harry P. Dewey, D .D . . . . Revelation i, 3 1919t Grand Rapids ...... Raymond Calkins, D.D. .. . . Ephesians v, 27 1920 M arietta...... Francis J. Van Horn, D.D. 1921 Brookline ...... Charles E. Jefferson, D.D. . Isaiah xxx, 26 1922 Evanston...... Oscar E. Maurer, D. D ...... Paalm xi 1923f Springfield...... S. Parkes Cadman, D. D ... . Philippians i, 4, 9, 10, 11 ♦Deceased. tUniting with National Congregational Council.