THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTEENTH

Annual Report

o f the

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions

PUBLISHED BY THE BOARD Congregational House

1 4 B e a c o n S t r e e t

B o sto n Contents Page T a b u l a r V ie w o p M is s i o n s ...... 3

M e d ic a l St a t i s t ic s ...... 4

O rganization o f th e A m e r ic an B o a r d ...... ; ...... 5

O rganization o f th e W om an’s B o a r d s ...... 6

C om m ittees Se r v in g in 1 9 2 5 ...... 6

M in u t e s of th e A n n u a l M e e t i n g ...... 7 Members Present...... 7 Committees Appointed ...... io, 14, 21 Reports of Officers...... 11 Resolutions...... 16 Election of Officers...... 17

H om e D e pa r tm e n t Giving an Account of Ourselves...... 22 Appropriations...... 22 Financial Outcome ...... 22 Passing the $2,000,000 M a r k ...... 24 Missionary Appointments...... 24 Administrative Problem s ...... 25 Re-thinking Foreign Missions...... 27 A p p o in tee s...... 32

T h e F ield s Africa Missions ...... 34 The Near East Missions (Turkey and the Balkans)...... 55 India and Ceylon M issions...... 84 China Missions ...... 123 Japan M ission ...... 174 Missions in the Islands and Papal Lands...... 191 Philippines...... 192 M icronesia...... 199 M ex ico ...... 202 S p a in ...... 208 Czechoslovakia ...... 212

T h e T r e a su r y T h e Treasurer’s R eport for the Y e a r E nding A ugust 3 1 ,1 9 2 4 ...... 216 Auditors’ Certificate ...... 220 Pecuniary Accounts ...... 221 A ss e ts ...... 227 Liabilities...... 228 Investment of Trust Funds...... 229 Summary of Investments ...... 245 Trust Funds...... 246

C o m pa r a tiv e R ecords Receipts of the Board ...... 254 Missionaries of the Board ...... 255 Roll of Honor — Retired M issionaries of the Board ...... 261 Necrology, 1924 — Missionaries and Corporate Members 262 Corporate Members of the Board ...... 263 Officers of the Board ...... ! . 270 Places of Meetings and Preachers ...... 272 N. B. The Comparative Records in bold-faced type are lists now printed for the first time in the Annual Report. TABULAR VIEW OF THE MISSIONS OF THE A. B. C. F. M. FOR THE YEAR 1923-24

M issionaries N a t i v e F o r c e C h u r c h St a t i s t i c s E d u c a t i o n a l St a t i s t i c s 1 -, ---- - J M i s s i o n s

•Ì

1 schools other other schools ship schools Places Places of regular meeting Ordained Ordained preachers ] Total native laborers Primary, elementary and Pupils When When established Outstations Ordained Wives Single women Unordained Unordained preachers Teachers Other native laborers Total under instruction j Total missionaries Added last year Total constituency Sunday school member­ Theological and training ; Students Colleges Secondary or middle Native contributions Spedai workers Communicants ¡Sunday schools Students I Students ------I I Stations I Men not ordained

South Africa: Zulu Branch...... 1835 23 207 11 5 16 9 41 6 16 80 193 482 771 371 26 6,837 640 26,520 60 2,554 2 128 10 446 164 5,027 6,338 »39,349 Rhodesia Branch 1893 3 1« 4 fi 9 fi 23 2 1 41 44 76 13 4 604 92 2,000 7 705 1 6 1 273 20 2,061 2,340 177 West Central Africa 188(1 7 213 11 6 12 13 42 0 265 185 73 523 258 0 1,986 375 t25,000 23 6,050 1 198 2 298 124 8,660 9,156 1,004 Bulgaria ...... 1871 3 38 7 I 6 8 22 2 16 4 1 8 29 35 22 1,125 44 3,226 30 1,258 2 289 2 95 384 4,500 F ooch ow *...... 1847 3 71 10 7 15 16 4f 2 lfi 37 180 56 288 75 46 2,440 143 6,067 55 3,238 1 15 2 25 2 186 95 3,790 4,234 19,178 Shaow u *...... 191Í: 2 35 4 2 6 9 21 3 5 34 91 31 161 52 37 1,079 113 2,500 32 1,689 2 59 49 1,494 1,553 5,176 North China...... 1801 7 205 32 14 45 49 141! 24 8 241 340 188 777 501 143 14,410 }2,810 36,725 48 4,098 8 407 1 36 11 1,165 165 6,121 7,729 46,349 Czechoslovakia* . . . 1872 1 110 1 1 20 10 3 33 140 31 3,418 387 20,000 (12 2,444 1 6 6 15,000 M arathi...... 1818 » 146 13 2 15 21 ¡51 12 31 34 399 175 039 170 70 9,116 462 16,343 156 7,C43 5 112 8 914 188 6,245 7,271 8,918 M adu ra*...... 1834 10 393 18 5 21 16 60 3 29 125 583 173 910 393 32 9,502 360 27,898 281 10,903 0 413 1 459 2 944 303 14,163 15,979 32,117 Ceylon ...... 1816 6 41 1 6 6 7 K 3 11 11 484 59 565 47 21 2,594 86 15,127 59 3,070 1 12 13 2,349 98 lv.493 12,545 30,611 J a p a n * ...... 1869 12 46 19 2 21 29 71 4 82 35 17 134 263 80 24,237 1,000 30,000 245 19,287 3 93 2 1,905 10 5,410 17 ',923 8,291 180,184 M e x ic o ...... 1872 4 12 5 1 6 6 If 5 10 7 30 1 48 29 16 733 106 2,0)0 20 1,141 3 81 5 342 423 17,583 M icronesia...... 1852 2 66 3 S 1 10 32 16 21 79 80 23 3,375 165 10,000 86 2,801 1 69 30 1,005 1,074 4,892 Philippines*...... 1903 2 21 4 2 6 3 15 1 4 15 9 5 33 44 3 1,940 259 8,800 48 2,020 1 8 2 7 4 243 260 714 S p a in ...... 1872 1 5 1 1 '2 2 4 1 18 23 0 6 257 6 2,500 5 450 1 65 6 713 778 1,093 T u r k e y ...... 1820 16 68 32 14 43 49 138 25 16 35 177 58 286 71 27 2,515 285 16,986 45 4,732 1 26 5 209 18 1,312 47 3,135 4,682 47,974

Totals 1 ...... 112 1,728 1742 713 2294 244s 718« 100’ 280 1,031 2,794 1,361 5,460 2,588 614 89,848 7,333 252,740 1,282 66,706 29 1,412 12 2,648 86 13,867 1,317 64,510 83,043 8454,819

3outh China ...... 1 33 1 1 1 3 2 24 44 11 81 34 21 2,680 3,335 14 633

1 The totals include the statistics below for South China, 4 Of whom 5 are physicians. * Repeated from last year. no longer a mission. 5 Of whom 11 are physicians. t An estimate. 2 Of whom 2 are physicians. 6 Of whom 48 are physicians. } Net gain. 3 Of whom 30 are physicians. 7 Of whom 9 are physicians. MEDICAL STATISTICS FOR THE AMERICAN BOARD

1923-1924

£ Physicians Patients — New Cases co *cto a Total MISSIONS d n Treat­ V ments ’q a Dispen­ ÏÛ Hospita Total O Patients sary Patients Men W om en Nurses

Total Patients X 5 America

South Africa Zulu Branch l l 2 2 420 2,750 3,170 4,000 Rhodesia Branch l i 2 2 1 •234 5,318 5,552 12,556 West Central Africa l 6 4 1 5 101 3 11,590 11,691 34,876 Bulgaria* Foochow 5 5 2 1 3 2 1,239 13,293 14,532 62,660 Shaowu 3 3 1 2 3 1 75 8,500 8,575 20,400 North China 10 12 7 4 11 3 2,572 20,560 23,132 66,902 Czechoslovakia * Marathi 2 6 3 2 5 3 1,739 24,992 26,731 52,284 Madura 3 3 1 2 3 2 2,192 26,825 29,017 64,830 Ceylon 2 3 1 1 2 3,328 12,163 15,491 26,656 Japan* Mexico* Micronesia * Philippines 2 2 2 2 1 984 10,994 11,978 21,794 Spain* Turkey 5 2 7 3 10 5 2,249 11,184 13,433 56,889

Totals 35 44 32 16 481 182 15,133 148,169 163,302 423,847

"These missions do not carry on medical work. xNot including 9 other associate physicians. 2Not including 4 other associate nurses. 3An estimate. American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions

President. — E d w a rd C. M o o re , D.D.

Vice-President. — D a v id P e r c y J o n e s.

Recording Secretary. — O sc a r E. M a u r e r , D.D.

Assistant Recording Secretary. — E d w ard W. C a p e n , Ph.D.

Auditors. — Herbert J. W ells, Henry P. Kendall, W. W. M ills.

Prudential Committee. — The President and Vice-President, ex officiis.

A r th u r L . G il l e t t , D.D., F r a n k l in W a r n e r , J. L iv in g sto n e G r a n d in , R e v . V aug h an D a b n e y . Terms expire 1925.

C h a r le s S. B a t e s , A r th u r H. B r a d fo r d , D.D., C h ar les S. O l c o t t , S h eph erd K n a p p , D.D. Terms expire 1926.

A r th u r H. W e l lm a n , F r a n k B. T o w n e , A sh l e y D. L e a v it t , D.D., R e v G eo rg e W . O w e n . Terms expire 1927.

Corresponding Secretaries. — J am es L. B a r to n , D.D..LLD., C o r n eliu s H. P a t t o n , D.D., W ill ia m E. Str o n g , D.D.

Treasurer. — Frederick A. G a sk in s.

Assistant Treasurer. — H arold B. B e l c h e r .

Editorial Secretary. — R e v . E noch F. B e l l .

Associate Secretaries. — D. Brewer Eddy, D.D., Rev. Ernest W. Riggs.

Office Secretary Foreign Department. — R e v . H e r b e r t E . B . C a s e .

Medical Supervisor and Acting Candidate Secretary— D r . M a r k H . W a r d .

Assistant Secretary, Home Department. — R e v s C h a r le s E r n e st W h it e .

/ Secretary Patt 5n, in charge, 14 Beacon St., Boston. I Wm. W. Scu d d er , D .D ., 287 Fourth Ave., New York. )R e v . W. F. E n g l is h , Jr., 19 So. La Salle St., Chicago, 111.

/ J U±UN J X . JJK U WIN1L, J/1C1LL ( H e n r y H . K e l s e y , D .D ., 760 Market St., San Francisco, Cai. \ R e v . J er o m e C. H o lm es, Associate.

Publishing and Purchasing Agent. — H a r v e y L. M e e k e n . Committees Serving in 1925

COMMITTEE TO NOMINATE OFFICERS FOR 1925

R e v . H o w a r d J. C h id l e y , o f Massachusetts; W il l ia m C a l d e r o f C o n n e c t ic u t ; R e v . C l a r e n c e H . W il s o n of New Jersey; R e v . F e r d in a n d Q. B la n c h a r d o f O h io; F r e d e r ic H . F u l l e r o f R h o d e Island.

COMMITTEE TO NOMINATE CORPORATE MEMBERS FOR 1925

R e v . W il f r e d A. R o w e l l of Illinois; P r o f . E d w in G. W a r n e r of New York; P r e s . E d w a r d S. P ar so n s of Ohio; W . F r e d e r ic k B o h n of Ohio; R e v . J a s o n N. P ie r c e of District of Columbia.

COMMITTEE ON THE TREASURER’S REPORT FOR 1925

A r t h u r S. J oh n son of Massachusetts; J. H e n r y B a k e r of Maryland; C l a r e n c e S. P e l l e t t of Illinois.

Annual Meeting in 1925

The next Annual Meeting— the one hundred and sixteenth-^-will be held in conjunc­ tion with the meetings of the National Council of Congregational Churches and the other benevolent societies of the denomination which are to take place in Washington, D. C. from October 20 to October 28, 1925.

Woman’s Boards Missions

W. B. M., 14 Beacon St., Boston— M r s . F r a n k l in W a r n e r , President; Miss H e l e n B . C a l d e r , Home Secretary; Miss M a b e l E . E m e r s o n , Foreign Secretary; Miss A n n e L . B u c k l e y , Editorial Secretary; M r s . T h e o d o r e S. L e e , M iss H e l e n F. Sm it h , Associate Secretaries; M is s R u t h I . Se a b u r y , Secretary of Young People's Work; Miss A g n e s S. K e l s e y , Associate Secretary of Young People’s Work; M r s . F r a n k G a y l o r d C o o k , Treasurer; Miss E m m a K e it h , Assistant Treasurer.

W. B. M. of the Interior, 19 South La Salle St., Chicago, III. —M r s . J am e s H . M o o r e , President; M r s . L u c iu s O. L e e , Foreign Secretary; Miss M a r y J. P a r k in , -4 .rn.s- tant Foreign Secretary; M is s M a r y D . U l in e , Home Secretary; Miss E l e a n o r H . H in m a n , Editorial Secretary; M r s . A u g u s t a D e L a P o r t e D o e sc h e r , Secretary of Young People’s Work; M is s A n n ie E . N o u r s e , Secretary of Literature; Miss M a r y L a m b e r t o n , Secretary of Children's Work; M r s . L y d ia L o r d D a v is , Field Worker; M r s . S. E . H u r l b u t , Treasurer; Miss E l iz a b e t h J. H u r l b u t , Assistant Treasurer.

W. B. M. for the Pacific, 760 Market St., San Francisco, Calif. — M r s . R . C. K ir k w o o d , President; M r s . E . A . E v a n s , Vice President; M r s . H e l e n St r e e t R a n n e y , Execu­ tive Secretary; M r s . G e o r g e W. H in m a n , Foreign Secretary; D r . Su s a n T a llm o n - Sa r g e n t , Candidate Secretary; M r s . W. J. M in c h in , Thank Offering Secretary; M r s . W. C. B l a s d a l e , Treasurer. Minutes of the 115th Annual Meeting of the

AMERICAN BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS

Central Church, Providence, R. I., Oct. 21, 22 and 23, 1924

TUESDAY AFTERNOON, OCT. 21, 1924 The 115th Annual Meeting of the American Board of Commis­ sioners for Foreign Missions convened in Central Congregational Church, Providence, R. I., on Tuesday, Oct. 21, 1924, at 3 o’clock, with President Moore in the Chair. The Devotional Exercises were led by the Reverend James D. Dingwell, of Rhode Island. President William H. P. Faunce, of Brown University, made an address of welcome to which President Moore responded. Selections from the Minutes of the 114th Annual Meeting were read by the Recording Secretary. The following members were present:

Life Members

Rev. C. C. Creegan Rev. Albert F. Pierce

Members at Large

CALIFORNIA Frederick W. Lyman

CONNECTICUT Rev. Edward Warren Capen Rev. Oscar E. Maurer John G. Talcott

ILLINOIS Rev. William F. English, Jr. Robert W. Patton 7 8 Minutes of the Annual Meeting

MAINE Charles Blatchford Rev. Milo H. Pearson

MASSACHUSETTS Rev. James L. Barton Dr. Joel E. Goldthwait Harold B. Belcher Alfred S. Hall Rev. Enoch F. Bell Elbert A. Harvey Dr. John C. Berry Rev. Shepherd Knapp Dr. E. H. Bigelow Rev. Ashley D. Leavitt Rev. Nehemiah Boynton Rev. Edward C. Moore Rev. H. A. Bridgman Rev. Cornelius H. Patton Miss Helen B. Calder Arthur Perry Rev. Raymond Calkins Dr. George L. Richards Rev. Edward D. Eaton Rev. William E. Strong Frederick A. Gaskins Samuel Usher

MINNESOTA Hon. David P. Jones

NEW YORK Guilford Dudley Rev. Frank K. Sanders Rev. Charles S. Mills Rev. W. W. Scudder Rev. Henry H. Proctor Prof. Edwin G. Warner Franklin Warner

OHIO Rev. W. Frederick Bohn William W. Mills Dr. John J. Thomas

RHODE ISLAND Robert Cushman Herbert J. Wells

Members of National Council

CONNECTICUT Rev. Quincy Blakely Dan. A. Kellogg Rev. William Horace Day Rev. R. H. Potter Rev. G. W. C. Hill Rev. John R. Pratt Rev. Oliver Huckel Mrs. John R. Pratt Minutes of the Annual Meeting 9

ILLINOIS Mrs. Lucius O. Lee Mrs. E. A. Osbornson

MAINE Rev. S. T. Achenbach Mrs. Albert S. Hawks Rev. Henry W. Webb

MICHIGAN Rev. G. G. Atkins

NEW HAMPSHIRE Rev. Oscar W. Peterson

NEW YORK Rev. C. E. Burton Mrs. Albert J. Lyman Mrs. Franklin H. Warner

RHODE ISLAND Rev. Arthur H. Bradford Rev. Gideon A. Burgess Rev. James D. Dingwell

VERMONT Rev. William F. Frazier

MASSACHUSETTS JohnAlbree Rev. Merritt A. Farren Rev. Henry L. Bailey Rev. Carl M. Gates Rev. E. Victor Bigelow Rev. Horace T. Holton Charles E. Burbank Rev. Henry H. Noyes Rev. Edmund A. Burnham Rev. George M. Owen Rev. Robert W. Coe Rev. Thomas Sims Rev. William M. Crane Rev. Charles L. Stevens Rev. Vaughan Dabney Rev. Kenneth Welles Rev. M. Angelo Dougherty Rev. Robert R. Wicks

President Moore nominated the following committees and they were appointed. 10 Minutes of the Annual Meeting

Business Committee

W. F. Bohn, Ohio, Chairman Rev. Milo E. Pearson, Maine Dr. J. J. Thomas, Ohio Edward G. Warner, New York William W. Mills, Ohio Rev. Vaughan Dabney, Mass. Mrs. Albert J. Lyman, New York

Committee on Arrangements

Frederic H. Fuller, Chairman Arthur W. Fairchild, Vice-Chairman Charles W. Parmelee, Secretary C. Clinton Fuller, Treasurer Mrs. Theodore P. Bogert Edward A. Stockwell Miss Jessie Hunt Arthur H. Ruggles Mrs. Ralph C. Watrous George L. Miner Miss Lucy Lathrop Herbert W. Medbury Mrs. Kirk Smith Charles R. Makepeace Mrs. Walter G. Brown Mr. and Mrs. Arthur D. Greene Mrs. James Woolworth

President Moore appointed as the

Committee on Nominations

Rev. Edward D. Eaton, Mass. Rev. George L. Cady, New York Hon. D. P. Jones, Minn. Rev. Oliver Huckel, Conn. F- W. Lyman, Esq., Cal. Secretary James L. Barton presented the annual survey address on “ The Work of the Board in Mexico, Spain, Czechoslovakia, the Philippines, Turkey and the Balkans.” Mr. Paul Rowland of Samokov spoke onj“Bulgaria and America.” After announcements, a recess was taken at 4.50.

TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 21

The Board re-convened at 7:45 o’clock P. M. The Rev. Rockwell H. Potter, Moderator of the National Council, conducted the devo­ tional exercises. Minutes of the Annual Meeting 11

The annual sermon was preached by the Rev. Robert R. Wicks of Massachusetts, after which the sacrament of the Lord’s Supper was celebrated by President Moore, assisted by the Rev. Arthur H. Brad­ ford, pastor of the entertaining Church.

WEDNESDAY FORENOON, OCTOBER 22

The Board re-convened at 9:00, President Moore in the Chair. The devotional exercises were conducted by the Rev. Oliver Huckel of Connecticut. Treasurer Gaskins made the Annual Report of the Treasurer show­ ing total receipts $2,006,600.65; accounts receivable from co-operating societies of $54,083.60, or a total of $2,060,684.25; total expenditures of $2,080,993.12, leaving a deficit of $20,308.87 for the fiscal year ended August 31, 1924. VOTED to receive the reports of the Treasurer and Auditors and refer them to the Committee on the Treasurer’s Report. Secretary Patton presented the report of the Prudential Committee for the Home Department under the title, “ Giving an Account of Ourselves.” VOTED that the report be referred to a special committee to be appointed by the Committee on Nominations. After a hymn, Secretary Strong presented missionaries of the Board from Africa who made addresses as follows: Rev. Daniel A. Hastings, of Bailundo, “ Forty-nine Villages on the Map of Christianity” ; Rev. Henry C. McDowell, of Galangue, “ The Evangelization of a New Tribe” ; Mr. Emory D. Alvord, of Mt. Silinda, Rhodesia, “Teaching the Africans to Farm” ; Rev. GeorgeB. Cowles, of Umzumbe, “Thirty Years Among the Zulus” ; Rev. Frederick B. Bridgman, of Johannesburg, Transvaal, “ From Kraal to Mine; from Mine to Kraal.” The Board’s veteran missionary, Rev. William H. Sanders, of the West Central African Mission, also made a brief address. Numerous questions about the African field were then asked from the floor and were answered by the various missionaries. After various announcements, recess was taken until 2 o’clock. 12 Minutes of the Annual Meeting

WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON, OCTOBER 22

The Board re-convened at 2 o’clock, President Moore in the Chair. The devotional exercises were led by Rev. Henry S. Leiper, a former missionary of the Board. Secretary Strong presented the second part of the Annual Survey— Address on the work of the Board in Africa, India, Ceylon and China. Rev. Emmons E. White, of Aruppukottai, and Rev. Edward L. Nolting, of Madura, missionaries of the Board, spoke on “ Can India be Won for Christ?” Rev. John Bicknell, of Ceylon, presented Mr. E. Arian Williams, of Jaffna, who addressed the Board on the subject, “What We Think of the American Board in Ceylon.” Miss Mabel E. Emerson, Associate ForeignSecretary of the Woman’s Board of Missions, spoke on “The Near East Through a Woman’s Eyes.” Dr. Joel E. Goldthwait, of Boston, a member of the Prudential Committee, presented a new Medical Policy for the better care of the American Board workers and the plan was then discussed and elicited much favorable comment. It was VOTED, that the matter of adopting comprehensive medical plans for the American Board be referred to the Business Committee for report. The Committee on Nominations presented the following to act as a special committee on the Report of the Home Department, and they were declared elected: Rev. Kenneth B. Welles of Massachusetts Rev. William F. Frazier of Vermont Rev. G. Glenn Atkins of Michigan Elbert A. Harvey of Massachusetts Rev. William E. Gilroy of Massachusetts A recess was taken at 5 o’clock until 7:45.

WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 22

The Board re-convened at 7:45 in Beneficent Congregational Church, after having been entertained at supper in the Parish House of Minutes of the Annual Meeting 13 that Society. The devotional exercises were conducted by the Rev. Shepherd Knapp, of the Prudential Committee. Word having been received of the death of the daughter of the Rev. Frank Rawlinson, Missionary of the Board in the North China Mission, it was VOTED, that the Recording Secretary express to Mr. and Mrs. Rawlinson the Board’s sympathy with them in this bereavement. Mr. Rawlinson’s place on the program was taken by the Rev. Marion E. Hall of Japan, who spoke on “The Effect of the Exclusion Act on American Missionary Work in Japan.” Addresses were delivered by Mrs. Lucius O. Lee, Foreign Secretary of the Woman’s Board of the Interior, on “What an American Woman Saw in China” and by Mr. Frederick W. Stevens, of Grand Rapids, Representative of the American Bankers’ Group in Peking in the Chinese Consortium, on “ What an American Business Man Saw in China.”

THURSDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 23

The Board re-convened in Central Church at 9.00 o’clock, Vice- President Jones in the Chair. The Rev. G. Glenn Atkins led the Devotional Exercises. Addresses on the general theme, “ Do the Chinese Want Our Gos­ pel?” by missionaries from the China field as follows: Rev. William H. Topping, of Diongloh; Rev William B. Stelle, of Peking; Rev. Vinton P. Eastman, of Lintsing; Rev. Alfred D. Heininger, of Tehsien. President Moore in the Chair, Rev. Kenneth Welles, Chairman of the Special Committee on the Report of the Home Department, spoke for that Committee announcing that the current deficit had been potentially reduced to $3,500, and urging that members of the Board raise this amount and thus save the amount conditionally pledged for the deficit. Professor Caleb W. Lawrence, of the Western Turkey Mission, Professor in the International College in Smyrna, gave a review of the educational situation in Turkey. He was followed by Mr. John R. Voris, Associate Secretary of the Near East Relief, who spoke on the close relationship of that work to the efforts of our workers in Turkey. Rev. Marion E. Hall, one of the Board’s*missionaries to Japan, who has been sent to America jointly by^the Executive Committee 14 Minutes of the Annual Meeting ofjthe Kumiai Churches and the American Board Mission in Japan, in the interests of a fund to aid in the reconstruction of Japanese Churches destroyed by the recent earthquake, made a plea in behalf of that fund. Rev. Sidney L. Gulick, of New York, a former missionary of the Board, spoke on “America and Japan — Friends or Foes?” in which he discussed the events leading up to the passage of the present exclusion law. Many questions were asked from the floor and an­ swered by Dr. Gulick. The Committee on Nominations presented nominations for the following committees, who were elected:

Committee on the Treasurer’ s Report for 1925

Arthur S. Johnson, of Massachusetts J. Henry Baker, of Maryland Clarence S. Pellett, of Illinois

Committee to Nominate the Officers of the Board for 1925

Rev. Howard J. Chidley, of Massachusetts William Calder, of Connecticut Rev. Clarence H. Wilson, of New Jersey Rev. F. Q. Blanchard, of Ohio Frederic H. Fuller, of Rhode Island A recess was then taken until 2.15.

THURSDAY AFTERNOON, OCTOBER 23

The Board re-convened at 2.15. The Devotional Exercises were conducted by Deacon Frederic H. Fuller, of Rhode Island. Rev. Edward H. Smith, of Ingtai, spoke on “The Challenge of China to the Congregational Churches of America” and Rev. William S. Beard, of the Commission on Missions, addressed the Board on "What Shall Be Our Response?” Rev. Kenneth Welles presented and discussed the report of the Special Committee on the Report of the Prudential Committee for Minutes of the Annual Meeting 15 the Home Department and the report was further discussed by Mr. Elbert A. Harvey, of Massachusetts, Chairman of the State Committee on Apportionment, Rev. Wm. F. Frazier, Superintendent of the Mission­ ary Society of Vermont, Rev. William E. Gilroy, Editor of the Congre- gationalist, Rev. C. C. Creegan, of Vermont, Mr. W. W. Mills, of Ohio. The latter brought up the matter of the current deficit, which still re­ mained at $3,500. Mr. Welles, the Chairman of the Committee, thereupon made an appeal, in response to which pledges from indi­ viduals and churches were made from the floor, amounting to $3,600, $100 more than the amount of the deficit. Mr. W. W. Mills led the Board in a prayer of thanksgiving. VOTED, to accept the report of the Prudential Committee for the Home Department. The Business Committee made the following report, which was accepted: Concerning the proposal presented by [Dr. fGoldthwait for the appointment of a Medical Secretary : The Business Committee has considered the important paper pre­ sented by Dr. Goldthwait concerning the proposed appointment of a medical secretary, who shall have oversight and supervision of the medical work of the Board and of the health of the Board’s mission­ aries. The Committee begs to report that the considerations presented are so far reaching and important, calling not only for modification of the by-laws of the Board, for additional administration expense, for readjustment of the staff of the Board, for a detailed survey of the scope of such a secretaryship; that the Committee is not prepared to present a final recommendation at this time. The Committee, therefore, heartily commends the proposal and suggests that the matter be referred to the Prudential Committee of the Board for careful consideration and report at the Annual Meeting of the Board in 1925. Second, that in the interim the Board should authorize the Prudential Committee to make such extension of the work of supervision of its medical enterprises and the health of its missionaries as may seem necessary to safeguard all the interests concerned. Respectfully submitted, (Signed) W. F. BOHN, For the Committee 16 Minutes of the Annual Meeting

Concerning the appeal of Kumiai churches: The Business Committee has considered the appeal of the Kumiai Churches, presented so effectively by Rev. Marion E. Hall, for aid in the rehabilitation of the Japanese Churches destroyed in the recent earthquake. Recognizing the great urgency of the need, and being assured of the warm sympathy of the American Churches for the Japanese Churches in the emergency, the Committee recommends first that the American Board, under the special authority and privilege given it by the Executive Committee of the National Council, should sponsor a new' endeavor to secure an adequate sum of money for this purpose. Second, that Rev. Marion E. Hall, representing the Japanese Mission, should be asked to take official responsibility for the movement, associating with himself through the co-operation of the Board, a suitable committee. Third, that to keep faith with the Co­ ordinated Societies now preparing for the Every Member Canvass, that no public appeal to the churches be made until after January 1, 1925. Fourth, that in the interim, plans be thoroughly matured and personal appeals be made to individuals who may be able to contribute largely to this cause. Fifth, that the expense of the undertaking be met out of the Fund itself, not to be a charge upon the regular work of the Board. The Committee is led to these conclusions not only because of the urgency of the need', but, especially in view of the recent unfortunate impression created by- the immigration restriction act, it seems to the Committee to be of paramount importance to assure the churches of Japan of the warm Christian sympathy and fellowship of the churches of America. Respectfully submitted, (Signed) W. F- BOHN.

The Business Committee suggests approval of the following resolu­ tions:— “ The American Board commends again to the churches and organ­ izations the NEAR EAST RELIEF for substantial support, to meet its task of caring for its dependent children and giving help to children still in refugee camps. “We still further urge that this work be regarded as a definite part of the interdenominational and international work of our churches, merit­ ing the prayers, study, enthusiasm and support of our people.” Minutes of the Annual Meeting 17

“The Officers of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and the Delegates to this 115th Annual Meeting wish to express their deep appreciation of the hearty welcome extended to them in this beautiful city of Providence. They thank the hosts and hostesses of the private homes that have been so freely opened for their comfort. They express their gratitude to the churches— Central, Beneficent, and the Free Evangelical — that have offered their build­ ings for the sessions of the Board and have provided every facility for the presentation of the work. To Dr. Arthur H. Bradford and to his associates in Central Church very special thanks are extended for the thoughtful courtesies of these days.” Mr. Charles Blatchford of Maine, speaking for the Committee on the Treasurer’s Report, discussed that report and it was VOTED, that the Report of theTreasurer for the fiscal year ending Aug. 31, 1924, be accepted. The Committee to Nominate the Officers of the Board for 1924 presented its report in the form of a ballot. It was unanimously VOTED, that the Chairman of the Prudential Committee cast one ballot; whereupon the following persons were declared elected officers of the Board for the ensuing year, except as otherwise noted:

General Officers

President — Edward C. Moore, D .D . Vice-President — Hon. David P. Jones. Recording Secretary — Oscar E. Maurer, D. D. Assistant Recording Secretary — Rev. Edward W. Capen, Ph.D. Auditors — Herbert J. Wells, Henry P. Kendall, W. W. Mills.

Executive Officers

Corresponding Secretaries — James L. Barton, D. D., William E. Strong, D. D., Cornelius H. Patton, D. D. Treasurer — Frederick A. Gaskins. Assistant Treasurer — Harold B. Belcher Editorial Secretary — Rev. Enoch F. Bell. Associate Secretaries — D. Brewer Eddy, D. D., Rev. Ernest W. Riggs. 18 Minutes of the Annual Meeting

Prudential Committee

For the Term Expiring 1927 — Ashley D. Leavitt, D. D., Rev. George W. Owen, Frank B. Towne, Arthur H. Wellman. For the Term Expiring 1925 — Rev. Vaughan Dabney. The Committee on the Election of Corporate Members presented a list of nominations and it was unanimously VOTED, that the Recording Secretary cast one ballot, whereupon the following members were declared elected as Corporate Members:

Corporate Members-at-Large

To fill vacancies in the Membership-at-Large term ending 1929 — James S. Allen, 333 Highland Avenue, Winchester, Mass.; Dr. Charles H. Beattie, 52 Montclair Avenue, Roslindale, Mass.; W. Irving Bullard, 486 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass.; Thomas I. Crowell, Jr., Newton Centre, Mass.; Albert M. Lyon, Newton- ville, Mass.; William B. Medlicott, 1654 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Mass. Secretary Patton, in behalf of Secretary Burton of the National Council, presented the following report of the Commission on Missions regarding the common appeal: By vote of the last annual meeting of theAmerican Board, the Com­ mission on Missions was elected a committee to initiate and direct on behalf of the American Board the common appeal for funds under the apportionment plan and to co-ordinate the direct appeals of the Board •with those of other societies and of the state conferences. The Commission on Missions has confined itself almost exclusively to the first of these activities. There have been two lines of work: (l) furnishing information through literature and speakers calculated to enlist heart interest on the one hand; (2) developing the best meth- iods of securing funds on the other. Emphasis has naturally been on methods because the societies and the Missionary Education Depart­ ment stress information. The policy of the Commission has been to work through the State organizations in the effort to put behind the missionary enterprise the regular organizations of the churches, the National organization de­ veloping that of the State, the state organization developing that of Minutes of the Annual Meeting 19 the association and the association organization developing that of the Church. The objective has been a thorough-going Every-Member Canvass in every church, in which the entire membership is prepared for solicita­ tion by heart contacts with the human and spiritual means of appeals, and every member of the church and congregation is personally solicited for a subscription, to be paid weekly as a vital part of Christian worship and life. This plan is now fairly well accepted, though much remains to be done by way of making it thoroughgoing. The force employed consists of the Secretary of Promotion, three full-time state field men, seven part-time state field men, and three clerical helpers in state offices. This force is supplemented by the secretaries of the societies giving such time as is possible to common promotion. An outline of the work of the Secretary of Promotion may give the most definite idea of the promotional work of the committee. In the autumn of 1923, Mr. Beard formulated plans for this year’s effort, presenting it to the cabinet, revised it under its discussion and, on approval by the cabinet, mailed copies to the state superintendents for study, looking to discussion at the superintendents’ conference in January, and its adoption by the Commission. From January to May, Mr. Beard visited all state and district offices except those of the South-east and of the colored conferences, working out the application of the plan of promotion with superin­ tendents and other leaders. Following this strenuous itinerary, the Secretary of Promotion set, and put through, real conferences in Boston, Chicago, and Omaha, embracing superintendents and workers from all the conferences of the United States, and preparing them to conduct similar conferences in the states and associations to the end that every church might be led to put on a thorough-going every-member canvass. Without time for vacation, Mr. Beard immersed himself in the preparation of literature for the fall campaign. This called for issuing 1,074,000 pieces of literature called for by the workers in states. Aside from requisites, such sis pledge cards, this literature consisted of five pieces, one of which is available in sections; also three posters and an inventory chart; thus wide distribution and not wide range of titles is provided for, the effort being to visualize the concrete situations on the field and to make the most practical suggestions in regard to methods. 20 Minutes of the Annual Meeting

At all times Mr. Beard has been on call for inspirational addresses, etc., and for two and a half years has taken practically no vacation. The vigor and unsparing devotion of Mr. Beard in this work has sapped his strength to such an extent that he has felt compelled to resign and his resignation has been accepted with genuine regret. It would not be wholly ingenuous not to say that this resignation might have been averted by extended vacation, had it not been that Mr. Beard felt his office to be hopelessly enmeshed in our complicated missionary organ­ ization. Nevertheless it is hoped that Mr. Beard’s great resources and devotion will be reclaimed in another capacity by the Commission, should a few months’ rest restore a degree of health which will justify it, as is confidently expected. The financial results of the campaign now on cannot be told until a year from next January. The last fiscal year of the American Board does not reflect the first full year of Mr. Beard’s work, which cannot appear until next January or February. Indications are that we are a little better than holding the ground gained immediately after the war which resulted in doubling and a little better the missionary giving of the churches. The experience of other denominations who are not succeeding in holding their advanced ground suggests that the vigorous efforts of the Commission, taken with the larger investments of the Society directly, are saving us from a financial slump. As yet each society determines its own course in presenting its own appeal to churches and individuals. The Commission has been able to co-ordinate speaking appointments to a limited extent. The presenta­ tion in The Congregationalist has been fairly well co-ordinated; a joint catalogue of literature and stereopticon slides has been issued. A committee has been established to study the question of literature and to see whether the best use is being made of the some 600 titles now offered. The Commission hopes to find ways of inter-relating the forces of the societies in their stimulation of interest, missionary education and raising of funds. (Signed) C. E. BURTON, Secretary Commission on Missions.

VOTED, to receive the report; and it was further VOTED, to express to Secretary Beard the Board’s gratitude for his devoted service and good wishes for the speedy and complete re­ covery of his health. Minutes of the Annual Meeting 21

The Minutes were read and appproved, and the Recording Secretary was authorized to complete the Minutes after the close of the evening session. After prayer by President Moore, a recess was taken until 7:45. THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 23 The Board re-convened at 7.45, Mr. W.W. Mills of Ohio in the Chair. The Devotional Exercises were led by Mr. Leonard J. Christian of Foochow. The anthem, “ How Lovely are Thy Dwellings Fair” was sung by the choir. Dr. Mark Ward presented the following Student Volunteers: From Hartford Theological Seminary and School of Missions — Robert F- Fairbank, John S. March, Donald Webster, Mrs. Lillian Marsh, Miss Marie M. Lively, Miss Alice Murphy, Miss Lois Platt. From Yale Divinity School — John Decker, Ralph R. Keithahn, Dwight Smith, Francis S. Tucker. From Union Theological Semi­ nary — Gladwyn Childs, for West Africa. From Harvard Medical School — Dr. Hugh L. Robinson, for North China; Mrs. Olga O. Rob­ inson, for North China. From Wheaton College — Miss Eunice E. Smith, Miss Marie Jensen. Also, Miss Elizabeth Berry, Miss Ruth Cowles, and Dr. Walter Judd, who spoke as representing the group. President Moore appointed the following: COMMITTEE TO NOMINATE CORPORATE MEMBERS FOR 1925 Rev. Wilfred A. Rowell of Illinois. Prof. Edwin G. Warner of New York. Pres. Edward S. Parsons of Ohio W. Frederick Bohn of Ohio. Rev. Jason N. Pierce of District of Columbia. The Annual Presidential address, giving a review of outstanding events in the life of the American Board during the last twenty-five years, was delivered by President Moore. Words of farewell were spoken by the Rev. Arthur H. Bradford, Pastor of the entertaining church and after the Doxology and the Benediction, the 115th Annual Meeting of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions was declared adjourned. Attest: (Signed) OSCAR E. MAURER, Recording Secretary. (Signed) EDWARD W. CAPEN. Assistant Recording Secretary. Giving an Account of Ourselves

Report of the Prudential Committee for the Home Department, for the Year Ending August 31, 1924

Following the custom of recent years, this report deals with the financial interests of the Board on their promotional side, with the appointment of new missionaries, with certain general administrative affairs, and also discusses the status of our financial support with reference to the possible strengthening of the work.

APPROPRIATIONS

The regular appropriations are made in the fall as soon as practicable after the Annual Meeting; they become operative on the field January 1 of the following year. As the fiscal year closes August 31, it will be seen that in the present accounting we cover the expenditures of eight months of the year just closed and four months of the preceding year. In the fall of 1923, after a careful estimate of the probable income from all sources, and facing the urgent requests of the missions for salaries, allowances, maintenance of institutions, and field work, up­ keep of property, etc., together with our estimates of travel and home allowances of missionaries, home administration, and other items concerning which exact calculation is impossible, the Prudential Com­ mittee committeed itself to the expenditure of $1,222,258.34. This relates solely to the budget of the Board, and does not include the con­ siderable sums which come to us year by year as individual gifts designated by the donors for lines of work in which they are especially interested, and which extra-budget items we classify as“ special gifts.” The regular appropriations of 1923 exceeded those of 1922 by $21,235.00. FINANCIAL OUTCOME

Such being the financial problem and task, what has been the achieved result? The amount we have actually expended during the twelve months as regular appropriations is $1,192,156.60. The amount 22 Home Department 23 we have received, applicable on appropriations, is $1,171,847.73. The deficit on the year is $20,308.87. Such is the condensed technical statement of the case. It should, however, be recorded here, as in the more detailed report of the Treasurer, that it was found possible during the year to apply a large maturing conditional gift of $50,000, together with sundry smaller gifts specially designated, upon the accumulated indebtedness of former years, the total amount being $50,688.29. Under this process we have seen the old debt reduced from $180,039.94 to $129,351.65, and then increased by $20,308.87 (the amount of the deficit on the present year), and thus standing today at $149,660.52 — a net reduction of $30,379.42. Thus it will be seen that while the year shows a small deficit, the larger view reveals a strengthening of the Board’s financial position. Certain comments upon this outcome are in order. The year was saved by the exceptionally large receipts from matured Conditional Gifts, that is, gifts on the annuity basis. Not only was the $50,000 of the original reduction of the debt made possible in this way, but, apart from that item, we register $82,507.51 of such income as against $27,225.00 in 1923. Only because an unusual number of devoted friends of the Board have passed away have we avoided disaster of large proportions. As showing to what extent the Board may rely upon income of this kind, we state the record of maturing Condi­ tional Gifts for the five years as follows: 1920—$17,350.00; 1921— $50,700.00; 1922—$46,479.65; 1923—$27,225.00; 1924—$132,507.51. The showing in respect to the gifts of the churches has been griev­ ously disappointing. Calculating upon a considerable increase during the year, we are obliged to register a loss of $8,030.91. This, we must consider, reveals a situation into which our church leaders should look with real apprehension. Recognizing that the calendar year, which is the apportionment year, better than the fiscal year serves to measure the trend of beneficence, we cannot close our eyes to what these twelve months have revealed as to the attitude of the churches toward the Board. We trust any committee to which this report may be referred will examine this phase of our problem and offer suggestions which may be considered in open meeting. As to individual gifts for the regular work of the Board, in view of the unusual pressure of the appeal at the close of the previous year, we did not figure upon as large an income as in 1923. We were not pre­ pared, however, for such a serious falling off. These gifts, gathered 24 Home Department largely in the closing weeks of the year, as a result of our well-estab- lished end-of-the-year appeal, amounted to $136,874.87, as against $184,036.09 for 1923, a loss of $47,161.22. The record of individual gifts for the Budget of the Board for five years has been as follows: 1920—$126,971.17; 1921— $184,193.81; 1922— $125,109.31; 1923— $184,036.09; 1924—$136,874.87. In the legacy column the account stands about even. On receipts of $195,459.42, the loss is $3,403.20. Comment upon income from permanent funds and miscellaneous income items is not called for in a report of this nature. The itemized statement may be found in the report of the Treasurer and should receive the attention of every member of the Board. The net loss in income is not large, being $4,136.83; but this, taken with the increased cost of the work, accounts for the year’s deficit as stated above.

PASSING THE $2,000,000 MARK

The above figures do not include the receipts from special gifts or from the Woman’s Boards. Adding all such items, in a desire to know the total giving of the Congregational constituency for the cause of foreign missions, we reach the figure of $2,056,788.94. For the first time we pass the $2,000,000 mark. The largest previous total was $1,967,492.00, in 1921. This result, made possible so largely through the generosity of the women and of thousands of special givers, is a noteworthy achievement, recalling the time, just before our centennial year in 1910, when we were wondering if the Board might possibly pass the $1,000,000 mark. If it took 100 years to reach a million and 14 more years to reach two millions, how many years should it take to climb to the $3,000,000 level?

MISSIONARY APPOINTMENTS

Determining to practice every possible economy, the Committee voted to continue the conservative policy of the previous year in the matter of filling the missionary ranks. In normal years it has been customary to send out from 60 to 75 new recruits, and this number is required if we are to maintain our present force of workers and allow for a modest enlargement in our growing institutions and fields. Home Department 25

We have appointed or engaged during the past year a total of only 47 new missionaries, as compared with 48 in 1923, 53 in 1922, 56 in 1921, and 73 in 1920. It will be for the Foreign Secretaries to state what is involved in this thinning of the ranks. Analyzing the figures, we find we have sent out 21 life appointees and 26 term-workers. Of the 47 missionaries, 20 are credited to the Woman’s Boards. 17 are men, 30 women. We have been able to appoint only four ordained men during the year, as compared with 7 in 1923. It is found that 32 of the group are Congregationalists, while 15 belong to other denominations. We rejoice to state that never before has the situation as to the supply of candidates been so encouraging. We find that increasingly the greatness of the foreign service of the Church appeals to the devoted young people of our churches and schools. The names and designations by missions of the appointees of the year will be found as appendix to this report.

ADMINISTRATIVE PROBLEMS

The year has brought no change in the executive staff of the Board, and only slight change in the disposition of the work. On account of the absence of Secretary Ernest W. Riggs on a journey to the Near East and to our African fields, his correspondence has been divided between Secretaries Barton and Strong,Turkey being assigned to the former and Africa to the latter. Dr. Ward has continued in the double capacity as Medical Director and Acting Candidate Secretary. The possible development of a medical department as a permanent adjunct of administration will be presented to the Board at this meeting, in a special paper by Dr. Goldthwait, a member of the Prudential Com­ mittee, who has given much study to this question. The Committee has relieved still further the pressure upon the docket of the fortnightly meetings and made possible greater dispatch in attending to the needs of the missions, by relegating business of a more or less routine char­ acter to the Cabinet composed of the executive officers. In each case the decision of the Cabinet is submitted for ratification by the Com­ mittee at a regular session. Considerable attention has been given to problems of co-operation with other denominational agencies at the home base. We have sought in every way to aid the investigations of the Special Commission of Twelve, appointed by the Commission on Missions, at the request of 26 Home Department the National Council, to make a thorough study of missionary organ­ ization and efficiency of administration, in the expectation that a report will be rendered to the National Council at its meeting in 1925. Four problems under consideration by this Commission bear vitally upon the future work and success of the Board. They are as follows: 1. The question of closer co-ordination between, or actual con­ solidation of, the three Woman’s Boards and the American Board. 2. The question of a possible consolidation of magazines — the American Missionary and the Missionary Herald among themselves or both with the Congregationalist. 3. The adoption of a uniform fiscal year for all Congregational mission boards. 4. The proposition to create an authoritative central board of promotion in behalf of all the societies, under the control of the Com­ mission on Missions, which board shall assume full responsibility for financing all lines of work, the Prudential Committee and the Executive Committees of the other Societies being left to concern themselves solely with the administration of the work on the field, the present promotional secretaries and agencies of these societies to be placed under the control of the central board of promotion. To these may be added a proposal subsidiary to this last, yet in several respects distinct, looking to the consolidation of the district offices of the Congregational Societies. Your committee has been given opportunity to be present at hearings and to present documents bearing upon these proposals as they aliect the interests of the Board. So long as such fundamental questions remain in the stage of preliminary inquiry, and until definite recommendations are laid before the churches and the National Coun­ cil, it may not be considered advisable to discuss them in public. We stand ready, of course, to answer any questions that may be offered, and the documents prepared for the Commission of Twelve are open for the investigations of the Board or any of its members. We take pleasure in recording our appreciation of the growing spirit of co-operation which exists between the various Societies and which in recent years has found expression in the Commission on Missions. We believe the National Council was well advised when, in behalf of the churches, it assumed responsibility for the work of the various mission boards. In no other way can each separate church be so effectively summoned to undertake its share of the missionary task in behalf of the Kingdom as a whole. In no other way, we are persuaded, Home Department 27 can the personalities and agencies that come under our control be so effectively and economically utilized for the stirring of interest and the securing of contributions from the rank and file of our church member­ ship. We would register our approval of the action of the Board at Springfield in 1923, whereby the Commission on Missions was recog­ nized as a promotional and co-ordinating agency in behalf of the Ameri­ can Board. We are confident that under this arrangement, now entered into by all the Societies, the missionary forces of the denomina­ tion can go on to steadily enlarging co-operative success. Similarly we would express our appreciation of the work of the Congregational Education Society in behalf of all the Societies in the matter of missionary education at the home base. Under the leader­ ship of their secretary, Dr. Herbert M. Gates, it has been possible to project plans of study for young and old that should yield increasing results as the years pass. For three years now the contributions of the Sunday Schools and young people have shown an increase.

RE-THINKING FOREIGN MISSIONS

In the opinion of your committee the time has come when we should urge upon the pastors and leaders of our churches the importance of engaging in a fresh and earnest study of the foreign missionary enter­ prise as it relates itself to the needs of the modern world and to the welfare of the church at home. As a friend of the Board recently put it,“There is a call to re-think this wholeforeign missionary business.” Among the duties of the Prudential Committee, as set forth in the charter and by-laws of the Board, is this: “To cause the more inviting fields for missionary enterprise to be explored; to appoint the places where missions shall be attempted, and to determine the scale upon which they shall be conducted.” In respect to the duties of the Home Department it is stated: “ The Secretaries to whom, at any time, the Home Department is assigned shall endeavor to promote a missionary spirit at home, and to secure, from the churches and friends of missions, the missionaries and the means required for the support and constant enlargement of the work abroad, in order to a speedy promulgation of the Gospel throughout the world.” To what extent, it is pertinent to ask, has the Board been living up to this ideal of a courageous, persistently held policy of expansion into new territories and new lines of endeavor? Every member of the Board must be aware that, aside from progress here and there made 28 Home Department possible through the initiative and generosity of individual friends, there has been no expansion since in 1902, when there was inaugurated a mission to the Philippine Islands, which four years before had come under our flag. Twenty-two years—years of unparalleled opportunity, as the world swings open to the approach of Christ —and the Congrega­ tional churches of America order no advance! If Albania be cited as an exception, it is an exception which gives point to the barrenness of the record, since the work in Albania, inaugurated as a result of in­ dividual gifts, was abandoned when it became apparent that the churches would not undertake the needed additional expense. During the past ten years we have been occupied for the most part in endeavoring to overtake the financial situation arising from the Great War, whereby the cost of the work has increased approximately 75%. Your committee is not unmindful of the noble response of many churches in meeting this unparallelled situation. During these years of rapidly mounting cost in the matter of the salaries, allowances, and travel of missionaries, the support of our institutions, the maintenance of the field-work of the missions, and the upkeep of our properties, the Board has “carried on” to the extent we have because of the faithful souls who have adjusted their giving to the changed circum­ stances of the time. All honor to those who, during these trying days, have stood by the Board and the other societies represented in the joint appeal of the denomination! Even so, by recording an indebtedness of $149,660.52, we indicate the degree to which the giving of the churches has fallen short of complete support of the work administered on the basis of strict economy. By no means are we disparaging what has been done during the critical years which lie just behind us. There is much to be thankful for. Yet certain other factors demand our attention. While we have been standing still the world has been forging ahead. It is not necessary here to characterize the era of missionary oppor­ tunity in the midst of which the Church of Christ finds itself today. Enough to say that never before has the non-Christian world so recog­ nized its need of the things for which this Board exists. Never before has the influence and fruitage of foreign missionary work been more apparent. Must we not admit that under conditions like these merely to hold our own is in a degree to fail? There can be no question of the ability of our churches to meet the demands of this as of all other lines of missionary effort. In the economy of God opportunity and capacity go hand in hand. Congre- Home Department 29 gationalists do not lack the means to support their mission boards. The situation appears to be that the few have given generously, the many have given in pitiable amounts, or not at all. Moreover, let it be known, it has been a period of unusual expansion in the matter of home equipment. Church edifices costing unheard of amounts, commodious parish-houses, new organs, elegant stained-glass windows are in evidence on every side. We have witnessed a note­ worthy development in the staffing of the home church. In the more prosperous parishes pastors’ assistants, educational directors, social service experts, are the order of the day. All this, we recognize, is a sign of life and progress. We offer no word of censure, only of con­ gratulation— provided there is no diminution in missionary vision and endeavor. We tremble for the church that lengthens her cords and strengthens her stakes at the expense of the men and women she sends into the sacrifice of the foreign field. Expansion at home, retrenchment abroad—is that to be the determined policy of the Congregational churches in an age like this? Is the situation we have outlined one that the Congregational people can view with satisfaction and hope? We have no intimation as to what the friend of the Board had in mind who suggested that the time has come “ to rethink this whole foreign missionary business” of the church; we would offer the opinion however, that the inquiry might well follow the lines suggested by such questions as these: — 1. To what extent have our pastors and church members grasped the idea that, as a result of the World War and conditions arising therefrom, foreign missions now occupy a position of commanding importance among the world forces of our time; that, through the clarifying of international issues and the closer co-ordination of Chris­ tian forces, the missionary now stands in a new light as holding the key to the world problem of to-day? 2. To what extent is it understood that, without in the slightest degree sacrificing his hold upon the spiritual forces that make for personal regeneration, but rather seeing those forces gather recognition and strength, the missionary in many parts of the world, finds himself in the midst of a social and political trend which offers him unlimited opportunities as an inspirer and leader in behalf of his community and state? 3. To what extent do the churches realize that we are living in an age of great missionary demonstrations, that in a number of fields the 30 Home Department problem has become one of the selection and training of converts rather than of persuasion? Do the churches realize what it means to them that the missionaries of the Cross find themselves on the open road to the world’s heart? 4. How far have our churches been made aware of the emergence of the indigenous church in foreign lands as the main factor in future growth, of Christianity becoming domesticated among the non- Christian peoples and of this achievement as the acknowledged ratifi­ cation of the enlightened policy pursued by this Board throughout its long history? 5. To what extent are the churches thinking of foreign missions in the terms of ten years ago, or not thinking at all? 6. Are the Congregational churches who, so far as America is concerned, had so large a part in originating the foreign missionary movement and who in the early days placed it in the forefront of their affections and plans, satisfied to have us “ hold our own,” while on every side new nations and races are being opened to the Gospel appeal? Are the Congregational churches, once in the very forefront of denominations supporting missions, content to see their record drop­ ping year by year, until now, on the basis of per capita giving, they stand ninth on the list? 7. Can our churches witness the distress of this work without suffering an impoverishment of their own life? Can they afford to see their social vision narrowed in a time when all about them the world expands? 8. Can a church in these days afford to lose the sense of belonging to Christendom, of participation on a generous scale in the movement to make our religion the vital force for world peace and the unification of mankind? 9. Is it not incumbent on a foreign board like ours to make a mighty contribution to the church at home, in the way of keeping her mind and heart open toward God’s great family in all the earth, and towards Jesus Christ as the hope of mankind? Do we not need, as never before, the visitation and message of these missionaries returned from the front, that world-brotherhood may rest upon personal contact and affection, as well as upon ecclesiastical theory and plan? 10. Has not the time come when Congregationalists should con­ sider taking some part in the geographical extension of Christianity, as planned by the united forces of the Kingdom, in respect to such un­ occupied areas as the Sudan, Arabia, Mesopotamia, Afghanistan, Tibet, Home Department 31

Manchuria, Mongolia, parts of Szechwan, the northwest provinces of China, and the heart of Mindanao, whose fringes are already held by our men? Can we hold back from advance into the rapidly opening sections of the non-Christian world and consider that we are still a live missionary church? 11. Has the time come when, in lands occupied for many years, we should equip our missionaries to press for the application of the Christian spirit and method in the political, economic, and social sphere, believing that it is is our duty to establish the reign of Christ in every department of community welfare, as in the hearts of in­ dividual men? 12. Having been occupied so largely during the past decade in meeting the increased cost of the existing work, are we to consider that that time has come to plan concretely for the attempting of new lines of endeavor? If so, what disposition shall be made of the debt which has burdened us during the past four years? 13. In view of the painful inadequacy of our present equipment in many fields, and the lack of funds for the conduct of our present work, should all thought of expansion be postponed until it is pos­ sible, through the increased giving of the churches, to bring to the point of efficiency the enterprise as it exists today? 14. Can we maintain our self-respect, to say nothing of developing a spirit of joyous comradeship with Christ, if we are content to live upon the enterprise and devotion of the past generations of the Board? Have we a right to speak, as we so often do, of “ the grand old American Board,” when we make no effort to project the work beyond the fron­ tiers of past success? 15. Is our support of the American Board of such a character as to convey to our missionaries, and to the denominations who are working at our side, the conviction that the Congregational churches of America are alive to their world privilege and responsibility? 16. In these days of diminished apportionments and of beneficence measured on the per capita basis, are we in danger of losing the element of “ holy boldness” in our missionary faith? We submit that the Congregational people could not be better employed during the coming year than in the earnest, prayerful dis­ cussion of questions like these. Upon the answers that may be given is likely to depend in no small degree the future of this historic Board. 32 Home Department

APPENDIX

MISSIONARY APPOINTMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDING AUGUST 31, 1924

LIFE APPOINTEES

West Central Africa: Harold C. Wilson, Canada. Turkey: Rev. Leslie J. Adkins, England; Caroline G. Sanborne (Mrs. Adkins), New York; Rev. Edward T. Perry, Connecticut; Mrs. Gwendolyn Fraser Perry, Novia Scotia; Rev. W7alter B. Wiley, Massachusetts; Mrs. Edith H. Wiley, Iowa; Lucille E. Day, Colorado. India — Madura: Florence T. Swan, Massachusetts; Grace M. Rood, New York. India — Marathi: Gertrude S. Avery, Connecticut; Aimee E. Krook, Minnesota; Elizabeth M. Cairns, Connecticut. Japan: Rosamond H. Clark, New York; Ethel Gulick, Kyoto, Japan; Fina C. Ott, Kansas. China — Foochow: Guy A. Thelin, South Dakota. China — Shaowu: Jennie Jacobs, Iowa. North China: Valley L. Nelson, Kansas; Helen Gallagher, North Dakota; Anne R. Wilson (Mrs. Stephen Peabody), Tabriz, Persia.

TERM APPOINTEES

Turkey: Mary A. Whittle, Virginia; Katharine O. Fletcher, Massachusetts; Alford Carleton, New York; Charlotte E. Ferguson, Pennsylvaina; Helen P. Larrabee, Connecticut; Sadie E. Watton, New York; Mary E. Arold, South Dakota; Harold B. Disbrowe, Ontario, Canada. India — Madura: Lila F. Wyman, Iowa. India — Marathi: Marion J. Beman, Massachusetts. Japan: Katharine Merrill, Massachusetts; Allen I. Lorimer, Massachusetts; James A. Jenkins, New York. Mexico: Mrs. Dorothy Vance Edwards, Washington; Wendell W. Lorbeer, California; Charlotte M. Force (Mrs. Lorbeer), Wisconsin. China — Foochow: Helen R. Hieb, Ceylon; Raymond L. High­ tower, Virginia. Home Department / 33 N I China — Shaowu: Dr. Alfred J. Stewart, Iowa. North China: Rev. Robert M. Bartlett, Indiana; Mrs. Sue N. Bartlett, Texas; Marion E. Talcott, Massachusetts; Erwin A. Hertz, Minnesota; Laban E. Fleak, Iowa; Forrest Chapman, Iowa; Theodore W. Forbes, Honolulu. American Board Missions in Africa

ZULU BRANCH

Stations: Location and Special work of Missionaries

Adams (1835). (Amanzimtoti). — Rev. Albert E. LeRoy: Prin­ cipal of Amanzimtoti Institute; Evangelistic work. Mrs. Rhoda A. LeRoy: Work for women. Rev. Henry A. Stick: In charge of Theolog­ ical Department; Evangelistic work. Mrs. Bertha H. Stick: Work for women. Mr. K. Robert Brueckner: Industrial training in Institute and Normal School. Mrs. Dorothea K. Brueckner. Miss May E. Tebbatt: Teacher in charge of Domestic Science Department. Mr. Albert J. Hicks; Mrs. Grace S. Hicks: Agricultural Director at Institute; women’s work. Miss Anna Clarke: Teacher in Amanzim­ toti Institute.

Inanda (1837). — Miss Minnie E. Carter: Teacher in Seminary; Sunday School work. Miss Fidelia Phelps: Teacher in Seminary. Miss Margaret E. Walbridge: Principal of Inanda Seminary.

Umzunduze (1847). - Rev. Henry A. Jessop: Evangelistic and agricultural work. Mrs. Bernice H. Jessop: Women’s and Sunday School work.

Mapumulo (1848). —

Ifafa (1848). — Rev. Arthur F. Christofersen: Station work, church supervision. Mrs. Julia R. Christofersen: Work for women.

Esidumbini (1849). —

Umzumbe (1861). —

Durban (1892). — James D. Taylor, D. D.: In charge of Durban work; mission secretary; church supervision and social service. Mrs. Katherine M. Taylor: Sunday School work. James B. McCord, 34 Missions in Africa 35

M. D.: General medical work and medical teaching. Mrs. Margaret M. McCord: Evangelistic work for hospital patients. AlanB. Taylor, M. D.: Medical work in hospital and Medical School. Mrs. Mary B. Taylor. Mrs. Katherine S. Maxwell: Social and evangelistic work for women.

Groutville (■----- ). — Rev. RalphL. Abraham: General Evangelistic work in Groutville, Zululand, and Noodsberg churches. Mrs. Clara N. Abraham: Station work.

Johannesburg (1847). — Rev. Harwood B. Catlin: In charge of Transvaal work; general evangelistic and educational work. Mrs. Laura C. Catlin: Sunday School supervision and work for women. Rev. Ray E. Phillips: Mrs. DoraL. Phillips: Christian social service work; Sunday School work.

On Furlough. — Frederick B. Bridgman, D. D.; Mrs. Clara D. Bridgman; Rev. Charles N. Ransom; Mrs. Susan H. C. Ransom; Mr. Wesley C. Atkins; Mrs. Edna A. Atkins; Miss Caroline E. Frost.

Associated with the Mission. — (Durban) J. Walker Morledge, M. D.: Medical work. (Adams) Mr. and Mrs. R. B. Begg; Miss Katherine Fowler: Teachers in Amanzimtoti Institute. (Inanda) Miss Rosa L.Brittenden: Teacher at Inanda. (Johannesburg) Miss Alice Weir: Work in city for women and children. Those on regular furlough are Mr. and Mrs. Bridgman and Miss Frost, Mr. and Mrs. Ransom and Mr. and Mrs. Atkins are coming for furlough early in 1925. Mr. Cowles is returning to Natal but Mrs. Cowles lingers in this country. Mr. and Mrs. Brueckner have returned to their regular work. Miss Evelyn Clarke who returned to Natal has resigned from her work as a missionary. Mr. and Mrs. Jessop have been transferred from Durban to Umzunduze and Mr. and Mrs. Abraham to Groutville. Mrs. Mary K. Edwards of Inanda has been transferred to the special list of retired missionaries, having seen fifty- two years of active service in the Mission.

STATISTICS (1923). — Twenty-three stations: 207 outstations in a population of 558,500. The Missionaries: 11 ordained mission­ aries; 5 unordained; 16 wives; 9 single women, making a total mis­ sionary force of 41; associate workers 6. The native force includes 16 36 Missions in Africa ordained preachers; 80 unordained preachers; 74 men teachers; 119 women teachers and 701 other workers, a total of 771 workers. The Church: Places of regular meeting 371; 26 organized churches of which 18 are self-supporting. Communicants 6,837; added in 1923 by con­ fession 640, making a total constituency of 26,520. Sunday Schools 60, with a membership of 2,554. The educational work: The mission maintains a Theological Department with 7 members and Normal School with 121 students. There are ten middle schools with 169 boys and 277 girls; 163 primary schools with 2,510 boys and 2,497 girls; 1 kindergarten with 20 pupils, making a total of 176 schools and the total number under instruction 6,338. The native contributions show $9,971 for Christian work; $28,893 for education; $530 for other purposes; making a total of $39,394. The medical work: The hospital had 420 patients and the dispensary 2,750; total treatments 4,000. Printed on presses outside the mission over 703,000 pages.

RHODESIA BRANCH

Mt. Silinda (1893). — William T. Lawrence, M. D.: In charge of medical work; mission treasurer. Mrs. FlorenceE. Lawrence. Arthur H. Orner: In charge of industrial work, manual training and station. Mrs. Dorothy H. Orner: Work for women. Rev. Frederick R. Dixon: In charge of the Bible Training School; evangelistic work and out- station schools. Mrs. Madeline H. Dixon: Teaching in Bible School. Miss Ivy E. Craig: Principal of Training School. Miss Mabel E. Larkins: In charge of Girls’ Boarding Department; teaching in Train­ ing School.

Ghikore (1895). — Columbus C. Fuller: In charge of Chikore and outstation schools and station work; Mission Secretary. Mrs. Julia B. Fuller: Oversight of Girls’ Boarding Department and work for women. Rev. Frank T. Meacham: In charge of Chikore Church and Evangelistic work in the outstations. Mrs. Doris C. Meacham: Work for women; teacher of sewing; night school. Miss Fannie E. Ellener: Assistant principal of Chikore School; Miss Minnie E. Tontz: Nurse in charge of medical work.

Gogoyo (1917). — Rev. John P. Dysart: Evangelistic work in sta­ tion and field. Mrs. Mathilda T. Dysart. Miss Minnie Clarke: Church and evangelistic work; industrial work for women. Missions in Africa 37

On Furlough. — George A. Wilder, D. D.; Mrs. Alice C. Wilder; William L. Thompson, M. D.; Mrs. Mary E. Thompson; Mr. Emory D. Alvord; Mrs. Bernice M. Alvord.

Associated with the Mission. — (Mt. Silinda). Miss Gertrude H. Merrill: Nurse. Mr. John E. Hack: Assistant in industrial work; manual training instructor. All of those on furlough have returned to the field except Mr. and Mrs. Mather who are remaining permanently in America. Dr. and Mrs. Thompson have come for their furlough and Dr. and Mrs. Wilder, who are not expecting to return to the mission.

STATISTICS (1923). — Three stations, 18 outstations in a popula­ tion of 20,000. The missionaries-. 4 ordained missionaries; 5 men un­ ordained; 9 wives; 5 single women; total number of missionaries 23; associate workers 2. The native force consists of 1 ordained preacher; 41 unordained preachers; 28 men teachers; 16 women teachers; total number of workers 86. The Church: Places of regular meeting 13; 4 organized churches. Communicants 604 including 92 added by confession during the year; total constituency 2,000. The 7 Sunday Schools have a membership of 795. There are two Christian Endeavor societies with a membership of 105. Educational Work: The theological class has 6 students; 1 secondary school with 166 boys and 107 girls; 17 primary schools with 2,024 pupils; 1 kindergarten with 32 pupils; in all 20 schools where 2,340 students are under instruction. The native contributions were $101 for Christian work and $76 for education, in all $177. The medical work: The hospital had 234 patients and the dispensary 5,318 patients; total treatments 12,556.

WEST CENTRAL AFRICA MISSION

Bailundo (1881). — Rev. William C. Bell: Evangelistic, station and outstation work. Rev. Daniel A. Hastings: Evangelistic and station work. Mrs. Laura B. Hastings: Work for women. Miss Janette E. Miller ; Miss UnaJ.Minto: Educational and station work. Miss Emma C. Redick: Educational work.

Kamundongo (1886). — Rev. Henry S. Hollenbeck, M. D.: Medical work; industrial and outstation work. Miss Elizabeth S. Mackenzie; educational work. 38 Missions in Africa

Chisamba (1886). — Rev. J. Arthur Steed: Mrs. Edith T. Steed: Station and evangelistic work. Reuben S. Hall, M. D.: Medical Work. Mrs. Beatrice B. Hall.

Ochileso (1903). — Rev. James E. Lloyd: In charge of station and evangelistic work.

Sachikela (1905). — Merlin W. Ennis, D, D.: In charge of school and evangelistic work; translation work. Mrs. Elizabeth L. Ennis; Kindergarten; work for women. Mr. Allen E. McAllester: Agricul­ tural work; language study. Miss Elizabeth B. Campbell: Superinten­ dent of educational work for the station.

Dondi (1914). — Rev. John T. Tucker: Principal of the Currie In­ stitute; Mission treasurer. Mrs. Leona S. Tucker: Educational work. FredE. Stokey, M. D.: Medical work. Mrs. Amy J. Currie: Teaching in the Currie Institute. Miss Lauretta A. Dibble: Principal of the Means School. Mrs. Marion M. Webster: Matron of the Means School.

Galangue (1922). — Mr. Samuel B. Coles: General mechanical and agricultural work; language study. Mrs. Bertha T. Coles: Lan­ guage study; educational work.

On Furlough. — Rev. William H. Sanders, D. D.; Mrs. Sarah B. Sanders; Mr. F. Sidney Dart; Mrs. Clara I. Dart; Miss Helen J. Melville; Miss Margaret W. Melville; Rev. Henry A. Neipp; Mrs. FredericaL. Neipp; Miss Elizabeth W. Read; Rev. Henry C. McDowell; Mrs. Bessie F. McDowell; William Cammack, M. D.; Mrs. Libby S. Cammack, M. D.

Portugal. — Rev. Gladwyn M. Childs; Miss Mary W. Hurlbut; Miss Sybil G. Hosking; Miss Esther V.Tholin: Study of Portuguese.

Associated with the Mission. — (Dondi) Miss Florence B. Rawlings: Educational work. Rose A. Bower, M. D.: Educational and medical work. (Kamundongo) Mrs. Evelyn Hunter: Matron in the dormitory. (Chisamba) Miss MarthaL. Wightman: Assists in the station work. (Ochileso) Mary F. Cushman, M. D.: Medical work. Of those on furlough Mr. and Mrs. Hastings, Mrs.Webster and Miss Missions in Africa 39

Redick have returned to Africa. Miss Redick is spending a few months in Portugal for Portuguese study on the way out. Eleven others have come for furlough, making fourteen in this country. Mr. Lloyd has been transferred from Kamundongo to Ochileso. When their study in Portugal is completed, Mr. Childs will go to Bailundo, Miss Hurlbut to Dondi, Miss Hosking to Chisamba and Miss Tholin to Sachikela. No new missionaries were appointed during the year.

STATISTICS (1923) — Six stations; 205 outstations. Popula­ tion of field (incompletely reported) 200,000. Missionaries: 11 or­ dained and 6 unordained men; 12 wives: 13 single women; total number of missionaries 42; associate workers 5. The native force is composed of 265 unordained preachers; 185 teachers; 22 Bible women; 53 other workers; total workers 523. The Church: There are 258 places of regular meeting, 6 organized churches and one entirely self supporting; 1986 communicants, of whom 375 are new members; total constituency 25,000; 23 Sunday Schools with a membership of 6,950; 3 Christian Endeavor Societies with 180 members. In con­ nection with the educational work there is a training secondary school for boys with 198 pupils, some of secondary grade; and another for girls with 48 pupils. The other schools may be divided into: primary 41 with 1,685 boys and 888 girls; 85 lower schools with 3,208 boys and 2,018 girls; total schools 127; total under instruction 9,156. The native contributions were $720 for church work, $284 for education; total contributions $1,004. The medical work: One hospital had 101 patients and the treatments in the 6 dispensaries were 34,775. Pages printed on outside presses 25,000.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY FOR AFRICA

Stations 32; outstations 430. Population of the field 778,500. The missionary force includes 26 ordained men; 16 unordained; 37wives; 27 single women, making a total of 106; associate workers 13. The native force consists of 17 ordained preachers; 386 unordained preachers; total number of teachers 402; other workers 776; a grand total of 1,370. The Church: There are 642 places of regular meeting; 36 organized churches of which 19 are self-supporting. Communicants 9,427 of whom 1,107 were added during the past year. The total constituency is over 53,520. Sunday Schools 90 with a membership of 10,299. The educational work: 4 training schools with 4,132 pupils; 13 40 Missions in Africa secondary schools with 1,017 pupils; primary schools 182, 15,696 pupils; 2 kindergartens with 52 pupils. The schools of all grades number 196 and the total number under instruction is 17,834. The native contributions show for Christian work $10,792; for education $29,253; for other purposes $530; total gifts $40,575. The medical work is carried on in three hospitals which gave treatment to 755 pa­ tients, the 8 dispensaries treated 42,843 patients; total treatments 51,432.

SOUTH AFRICA MISSION, ZULU BRANCH

Black Africa is today threatened with the White Peril. Vast sums are being expended for railways and other developments; labor and yet more labor is needed for these developments, and increasingly large numbers of the choicest of Africa’s young manhood are being induced to leave their kraals and to work in cities, in mines, and else­ where. Thus the primitive African becomes exposed to the perils of a civilization that to a great extent is Christless and corrupting. The effect on the simple children of the Bush of city and mine compound life with the accompanying liquor and vice is appalling. A recent article in the South African Outlook says: “The impact which is being made upon the Bantu is terrific, both in its suddenness and its immensity. It is like crowding the centuries between the Roman invasion of England and the Washington Conference into a single generation.” “ Greater progress has been made during the last fifteen years than during the previous fifty,” said Dr. Jesse Jones, head of the Phelps-Stokes Commission at a luncheon given by the Cape Native Welfare Society of South Africa in honor of the Commission, which has twice been sent out from the United States to make sur­ veys of educational conditions in Africa. New conditions and new problems are thrust upon the Bantu in rapid succession. Contact with civilization is creating new wants; how shall they supply these wants? The reserves and locations do not furnish sufficient opportunity. Men are compelled to leave their kraals for long periods and seek work in town and mining center. The results are disastrous from almost any point of view. The influx to the cities creates serious civic and economic problems there, while home life at the kraal is seriously interfered with and social morality put under great strain. Missions in Africa 41

“Watchman, what of the night? The watchman said, The morn­ ing cometh.” Yes, there are signs of the dawn. The very mine compounds and city centers which constitute such a menace to the African’s physical and moral health furnish also unparalled opportuni­ ties for evangelism. Converts returning from these centers to their homes, have again and again carried the light to remote localities. There is in progress at Imhambane, Portuguese East Africa, one of the most remarkable developments of work growing out of the influence of converts made in the mine compounds at Johannesburg. It has developed such proportions that the Mission has been compelled to ask again and again for a resident missionary, as it is impossible to supervise it from so remote a center as Johannesburg. It was fortunate that Secretary Riggs was able just at this time to visit Imhambane while on his deputation work in the Board’s South Africa fields. It is cheering to record that there is on the part of both the South African Government and of individuals a growing sense of the tremen­ dous importance of the Native Question, and a willingness to take up the White Man’s Burden. Joint Councils of Europeans and Natives have been organized by our missionaries in Johannesburg and Durban for the discussion of native problems. Race prejudice is broken down as each race becomes familiar with the other’s view-point. Mainly through the efforts of Dr. Bridgman, there has just been opened in Johannesburg the Bantu Men’s Social Center Building. It represents the co-operation of business, civic, church and native forces in an attempt to minister to the social needs of the natives in that city. It is in effect a Y. M. C. A. for the Bantu, and is doubtless the pioneer of many such enterprises in South Africa. The Johannesburg Cham­ ber of Mines and Chamber of Commerce contributed liberally to its establishment, stimulated by the challenge of a conditional gift of American money and by the persistent and persuasive influence of Dr. Bridgman. Mrs. Bridgman has brought to pass a similar enter­ prise in behalf of Bantu young women. A unique attempt has been made by Mr. Ray Phillips to organize and direct the energies of the educated young Native men in Johannes­ burg who are in danger of drifting from their moral moorings and becoming a menace to their race and the community. The Gamma Sigma Club is an effort to conserve the results of missionary work in these young men. Mr. Phillips continues to run his great chain of movie shows in the mine compounds and other native communities. 42 Missions in Africa

Twenty European operatives are employed and 300 exhibitions given per month. Social work on all these lines has also been inaugurated by Dr. J. D. Taylor in Durban.

One of the outstanding events in Native Education^this year is the graduation of the first class from the South African Native College at Fort Hare, Cape Colony. Only two students were graduated, but the Commencement marks the birth of something that in after years may reach large proportions. The American Board has a new and vital interest in this great university because of the consolidation with it this year of our Medical School. According to present plans all native medical students are to receive their last two years of training in Durban under Dr. McCord and his associates. The Rockefeller Foundation has been asked to assist in the medical education of natives of Africa, and in response to this request Dr. Carter has been sent out to South Africa to investigate conditions. A conference was recently held at Johannesburg between a deputa­ tion of the London Missionary Society, the Executive Committee of the Congregational Union of South Africa, and representatives of the American Board. The purpose was to consider the possibility of a union of all the Congregational Native Churches in South Africa. As this contemplates the union of work amongst different tribes, widely separated, speaking different languages, under different political control, and operating under several mission bodies, the difficulties of union are not a few. But a sub-committee was appointed to con­ tinue investigations and recommend further steps to be taken. Some of the most pressing Native problems are those arising from economic conditions. Anything that will enable the people to gain a living without leaving their homes will be a boon. Better farming methods would help and the Agricultural Department of Amanzimtoti Institute should assist in solving this problem. The present class of eleven apprentices is the first of its kind in the history of Natal, and the experiment will be watched with keen interest. The Union Govern­ ment has appropriated a small sum this year for agricultural demon­ stration amongst the Natives. This is a step in the right direction. But, “ Except the Lord build the house, they labor in vain that build it.” Underneath and inspiring and utilizing these varied agencies must, in the future as in the past, be the knowledge of the Word of God, the guidance and control of the Holy Spirit. Missions in Africa 43

SOUTH AFRICA MISSION, RHODESIA BRANCH

Each missionary in the East Africa field faces a heart-breaking opportunity. The young people so eagerly importune the few repre­ sentatives of the Board there that it is impossible for them to escape being crushed under the burden except as they actually take means to hold back those who are searching for the Light and the blessings of the Gospel. No recruits have reached the Mission for more than two years. And, to accentuate the difficulties, four missionary families are now absent from the field on furlough. Under such stress special­ ized activities are impossible. Each man and each woman must be all things to the Africans, hungry in body and soul. Most notable is the development of the educational work in Rho­ desia. Years of experience have shown that it is hopeless to preach salvation to the African and then leave him to his ignorance, witch­ craft and superstition. He must be lifted up out of his environment. Therefore education and training in agriculture and industrial crafts are emphasized. The most important factor in the development of this educational work in the past three years has been the founding and growth of out- station schools. These have been established in response to pleas from native chiefs and people and constitute a ready means of approach to an ever widening circle. They are manned by teachers trained at Mt. Silinda. Each new school becomes a center of evangelistic effort. Four more have been opened since the statistical report was sent in. Since these schools (and the school at Chikore) act as feeders to the school at Mt. Silinda their development has had a marked effect on it: in a few years the enrolment at the Training and Practicing School has increased from 200 to 500. It has outgrown the present building, and conditions are intolerable. Yet at least a thousand boys and girls will be demanding admission within the next three years. A site has been chosen for a new building which the boys of the training classes are eager to build as soon as funds are available for it. The much needed Principal for the school has not yet been secured by the Board. With the departure of Mr. Alvord on furlough the entire burden of the school fell on Miss Craig and Miss Larkins and if Miss Craig takes her furlough when due in May, 1925, Miss Larkins will be left to carry the load alone. The school will lose its Govern­ ment grant if it continues Principal-less. In connection with grants it is interesting to note that out of the 44 Missions in Africa score or more of mission societies working in Rhodesia, some of which have hundreds of out-stations and schools and a great number of missionaries in the field, our little Mission in an out-of-the-way corner is regarded by the Rhodesian Government as the most progressive and successful. It received £2,000 of the £10,000 which was granted to the various mission societies according to the quality of their educa­ tional work. This was more than the General Work Fund received by the Mission from the American Board.

There has been a considerable advance in the medical work of the Mission during the year. The small cottage wards have proved a success. The great difficulty now is to find accommodation for the many who are turning to their missionary doctor and away from the native witch-doctors who have held them in their power in the past. “ With a larger staff than ever before” ; writes Dr. Lawrence, “ better buildings than ever before; and a community depending ever more and more upon us for aid, we feel that we can look forward with confidence to the work of the coming year, rejoicing in the privilege which is ours of carrying the threefold gospel to a needy people.” The Mission received a real inspiration in the visit to their field of Dr. T. Jesse Jones, head of the Phelps-Stokes Educational Commission. He was accompanied by Dr. Kwegyir Aggrey of the Gold Coast and Dr. C. T. Loram, member of the Standing Commission on Native Education in South Africa. The members of this Commission were particularly impressed by the work done at the Mt. Silinda School and gave special praise to its agricultural and industrial departments. Mr. Alvord has recently come home on furlough with a fine collection of photographs showing this work. Two pictures of the experimental and demonstrational work are specially interesting. They show corn planted on three adjoining plots, one representing a native garden, one a Christian native’s garden, and the third the result of a judicious rota­ tion of corn with legumes. The native garden yielded 11.5 bu. per acre; the Christian native’s garden yielded 60.9 bu. per acre; the third plot yielded 106 bu. per acre. The plots were all planted the same day from the same seed and with the same quantity of seed. The only differ­ ence was in cultural methods. Unquestionably crops and Christians go together. This kind of missionary work might save for other purposes the thousands of dollars sent out periodically for famine relief.

The situation in Portuguese East Africa remains the same as re­ Missions in Africa 45 ported last year. No further progress has been made. Dr. Lawrence and Mr. Alvord made a long tour in Portuguese territory after meeting the Phelps-Stokes Commission at Beira. This tour was up the Buzi River from the ocean to Mt. Silinda. Each such tour makes one realize more vividly the great need of these people of the lowlands. More than two hundred thousands natives live in this our recognized field, and they are utterly without missionary approach except as they hear the Gospel through our representatives. In many villages the people are eagerly waiting for the coming of the messengers of light. Their children in some instances come to the schools in British terri­ tory, but they deeply desire schools of their own, and are in every way open to the Gospel Message. It is difficult to estimate the extent of the spiritual blessing which has come to the field during the past year. The revival at Mt. Silinda which was mentioned in last year’s report as “ the outstanding event of the year in Rhodesia,” spread to all the outstations and wrought a transformation in the spiritual atmosphere. The teachers and parents as well as the students were greatly helped in their religious life. A great majority of the children in the schools are Christians and evidence a real Christian spirit. The outstanding event of the year was the visit to this field of Secretary Ernest W. Riggs. He is the eyes and ears of the American Board, and we trust that through him the Board may get closer understanding than ever before of the problems of this remote Mission field in Rhodesia and Portuguese East Africa.

WEST CENTRAL AFRICA MISSION

The year has been one of steady progress in all lines of work. God’s blessing has been with the Mission; believers have been added to the church; Christians have stood fast under severe temptations; many, it may be hoped all, believers have grown in the grace and knowledge of the Lord; the aim has been to live so as to be true witnesses of the Master. Evangelization has been carried on from the stations and for the most part from the outstations. The work done from the latter is chiefly among those living around them. To help the leaders, confer­ ences have been held at the various stations and at other places. They need encouragement and assistance. Many burdens fall on them. Often their best people, the helpful ones, are drafted for government 46 Missions in A frica

work, or to plantations, to be gone three, six or more months. If dif­ ficulty arises, not only the outstation people, but their neighbors, wish to have the teacher attend to the settlement, which often gives rise to further perplexities and troubles. Most of these leaders could finan­ cially better themselves by dropping outstation work and turning to work for traders. In the case of most their faith fails not. They look to the Lord as their Master and continue in the work they believe He has given them to. do So the outstations are points of light where not long ago all was darkness. These men, indeed all Christians in heathen environment, need our prayers that they may not be dragged down and back. The whole region will become light in the degree that these points of light are multiplied and also each grows brighter. To this end school work at the stations leading up into the Dondi Institute and the Means School is kept as efficient as possible. Leaders need to be mul­ tiplied who are not merely Christians but are well equipped teachers, and who also by their characters and qualifications win the respect of the officials. The teachers sent out by the Woman’s Boards are doing a great and far-reaching work as they carry on the station schools. In these, for some years, those are taught and drilled who are to be the future leaders. If they show character and sufficient ability, their training is continued at the central schools. These central schools will be crowded in the coming year, so many are aiming to enter. As in preceding years, the growth of the Dondi Institute may compel a part of the students to live in grass huts. The training of sound, well equipped Christian leaders is very necessary among peoples where few others than the Christians can read or write. The teaching of Portuguese and also industrial training lead many to wish to attend station schools and the Institute. The government’s ban on all teaching to read and write in the native tongue had as a first effect a crowding into outstation schools. When it was found extremely difficult both to learn a new language and also to learn to read and write in that, not in their own, there resulted a great falling off in attendance. The government of the Mocambique colony has receded from its first position and now allows grades one, two and three in the native language. It is to be hoped that the Angola government, which desires the people generally to learn the Portuguese, may con­ cede the same. In the Umbundu speaking field, adopted by the American Board in 1880, have come to be one or two stations of Swiss missionaries where Missions in Africa 47

Mr. Chatelaine tried to establish the Phil-African League work; also four stations of the Brethren, an English Mission. With these har­ monious relations have been easy to maintain. During the past year the Seventh Day Adventists, with headquarters in South Africa, have opened what they say is to be their central station near Lepi, a station on the railway. It is planted just between two of the Sachikela out- stations. They believe such teaching as the other Missions give to be erroneous or inadequate and there are already signs that attempts will be made by them to draw away people from these stations. During the year a fine piece of land has been secured adjacent to the concession of the Bailundo station. It is hoped a moderate addi­ tion may be made to that of Kamundongo. The government require­ ment that each station teach industrial work includes husbandry as well as carpentry, tailoring, masonry, etc. To do cultivation to advantage river bottom land is needed, and in these cases such was not included in the concessions. African Missions Institutions

Educational and Social

Adams: Amanzimtoti Institute (S. A.). Founded 1853 by Rev. David Rood. Rev. Albert E. LeRoy, Principal. Departments: Theological; Normal; High School; Intermediate; Primary; Kindergarten; Agricultural; Industrial. Buildings: 6 classroom buildings; Domestic Science Building; 5 dormitories, one built this year; 8 residences, one built this year; carpentry shop; dairy; cow and wagon sheds. Staff: Rev. A. E. LeRoy, Rev. H. A. Stick, Misses Caroline Frost, May Tebbatt, Anna Clarke, Mr. K. R. Brueckner, Mr. A. J. Hicks are the American Board and Woman’s Board members; (Mr. R. Burns-Begg) and Miss Katherine Fowler are associate members; there are 12 African teachers. Enrolment: Theological Department 7; Agricultural Department 11; Carpentry 14; High School 25; Normal School 121; boarders 178, day pupils 300; total 478. The greatest advance in enrolment has been in the Normal Department or Training College. Probably the principal reason for this is the fact that the Education Department of the government has decided to pay salaries according to the qualifica­ tion of the teacher and not according to attendance in the schools. The Agricultural Department is concentrating on the improvement of mealie seed and the breed of cattle. The Pre-medical class has been discontinued, or rather, transferred to Lovedale. The work in Domestic Science and Needlework is very well organized. The Govern­ ment Inspectors have been a fine type of men and women, animated with a Christian spirit. The Chief Inspector has “ noted the continued upward trend, not only in tone and ‘esprit de corps,’ but in academic achievement” of the Institute. Seventeen of the students have joined the church during the past year. A large number have aided in the Sunday Schools of the district.

Bailundo: Schools (W. C. A.). Girls’ Schoolf founded 1912 by

* Institutions marked with an * are supported, or if coeducational, partly supported, by the Woman’s Board of Missions; institutions marked f by the Woman’s Board of Missions of the Interior; institutions marked § by the Canadian Congregational Church. 48 Missions in Africa 49

Miss E. C. Redick; Boys’ School founded 1918 by Rev. D. A. Hastings. Buildings: One sun-dried brick dormitory for girls; one burnt-brick dormitory for boys. Grades: first to sixth. Staff: Miss Janette Miller, Miss Una J. Minto, Rev. W. C. Bell, 6 native teachers. Enrolment: Girl boarders 41, boy boarders 82, day pupils 117; total 240. A three-roomed house was built in the village for the older girls. Seven boys received government certificate for “ second-grade.” The Val Verde concession of 8,000 acres and a group of seven buildings and a brick-kiln, secured in 1924, will make possible better agricultural work. During the dry season a two- months school was planned for girls only, the teachers being students from the Means School. Seven Bailundo girls are studying in the Means School.

Chikore: Schools (S. A.). Founded 1903 by Rev. G. A. Wilder and Miss Clio Wilder. Grade: Elementary with kindergarten and industrial department. Buildings: Common school building of brick; brick dormitory for boys; two small brick dormitories for girls. Staff: Rev. C. C. Fuller, Mrs. Fuller, Miss Fannie E. Ellener, Mrs. F- T. Meacham, 9 native teachers. Enrolment: Boys’ Boarding School 47; Girls’ Boarding School (Ireland Home)*, 53; total, includ­ ing day scholars, 289.

Ghisamba: Schools§ (W. C. A.). Founded 1896 by Miss Helen J. Melville. Departments: Secondary, Primary, Kindergarten. Buildings: A fine burnt-brick dormitory for boys; burnt-brick dor­ mitory for girls and several smaller sun-dried brick buildings for dormi­ tory use; new dining-room with kitchen. Staff: Miss Margaret W. Melville, who resigned in 1924 after nearly thirty years of service, Miss Helen Melville, Misses Elizabeth B. Camp­ bell, Elizabeth W. Read, Sybil Hosking, Rev. J. Arthur Steed. Enrol­ ment 450.

Day Schools. In the Zulu Branch of the South Africa Mission 163 primary schools have over 5000 pupils; in the Rhodesia Branch 20 schools enrol over 2,000; in the West Central Africa Mission over two hundred schools have about 12,000 pupils.

Dondi: Currie Institute! (W. C. A.). Founded 1914 by Rev. John T. Tucker and Rev. William C. Bell. Departments: Secondary 50 Missions in Africa

School; Industrial; Agricultural. Buildings: Schoolhouse, capacity 200; dormitory for 100; carpenter shop; blacksmith shop; 3 resi­ dences; Trades Building ($6,000); power plant ($7,000) erected 1922. Board and tuition $12. Staff: Rev. and Mrs. John T. Tucker, Mr. and Mrs. Sidney F. Dart, Mrs. Amy Currie, Miss Florence B. Rawlings, Dr. Fred E. Stokey, Senor and Señora Figuieredo, 1 native teacher, 1 assistant. Enrol­ ment: Evangelistic training 6; Academic Department 190; total 196. Seventy-one students passed the first government examination, and ten the much more difficult second examination.

Dondi: Means Training School.t Founded 1916 by the W. B. M. I. Grade: Secondary School with Industrial Department. Build­ ings: 2 dormitories; 1 dining-hall with kitchen, now used for school purposes as well; 1 building used for pounding; 1 residence erected 1923. Pupils pay $18 for board, clothing and school materials. Staff: Mrs. Marion M. Webster, Miss Lauretta A. Dibble, Dr. Rose A. Bower, 1 native teacher. Enrolment 48.

Inanda Seminary* (S. A.). Founded 1869 by Mrs. Mary K. Edwards, now Senior Missionary of the institution. Departments: Intermediate; High School; Industrial; Industrial Teacher Training. Buildings: Main Building; Edwards Hall: Lucy Lindley Hall — both with dormitories upstairs and classrooms downstairs; Stanwood Cottage; Hospital; Edwards Industrial Hall; Phelps Hall. Board £8. Staff: Miss Margaret Walbridge, Mrs. M. K. Edwards (retired), Miss Fidelia Phelps, Miss Minnie Carter, Miss Rosa Brittenden, Mr. and Mrs. I. R. James, 6 native teachers. Enrolment: Intermediate 56, High School 38; Industrial 36; total 130. Student Night has been introduced: one night a week for debates, concerts, speakers, stereop- ticon. A church choir has been formed. The school has begun to print a Prospectus. Miss Evelyn Clarke, former principal, on furlough the past year, will probably stay with her recently widowed mother in Durban. Mr. and Mrs. James resigned in June. Eleven of the girls who left the school during the year were placed in domestic service; they are being trained to realize the dignity of such work. A new pump is a valued acquisition of the past year as an adequate water supply is thus assured.

Kamundongo: Boys’ Boarding School § (W. C. A.). Founded Missions in Africa 51

1912 by Dr. Henry S. Hollenbeck. Grade: Primary and Secondary. Buildings: 2 small dormitories; new dining hall and kitchen. Board and tuition $15. Staff: Dr. Hollenbeck, Miss Elizabeth Mackenzie, 5 native teachers. Enrolment 85; day pupils not reported.

Kamundongo: Girls’ Boarding School. § Founded 1911 by Miss Nellie Arnot. Board and tuition $12. Buildings: Dormitory; dining-hall and kitchen. Staff: Miss Elizabeth S. Mackenzie, Mrs. Evelyn Hunter, 3 native teachers. Enrolment: Primary 11; intermediate 13; senior 12; total 36; day pupils not reported.

M t. Silinda Training and Practicing School* (S. A.). Founded 1918 by Arlen G. Mather. Departments: Normal; Biblical; Literary; Agricultural; Industrial. The Practicing School comprises Primary School and Kindergarten. Buildings: One two-story brick building used for boys’ boarding department and for school purposes: girls’ boarding department building. Board and tuition $50. Staff: Emory D. Alvord, Principal and in charge of Agricultural Department, Miss Ivy E. Craig, Associate Principal, Arthur J. Orner and Richard B. Hack in charge of Industrial Department, Miss Mabel Larkins, 6 paid native teachers and 50 pupil teachers who do all the teaching in the day-school. Enrolment: Training School 62; Prac­ ticing School 454; total 516. Of these 440 profess to be Christians, 150 are church members. 130 professed Christianity during the year. The school and boarding departments were so crowded that it became necessary to limit the numbers. The Industrial Department built the Laundry for the Girls’ Department, a four-roomed cottage for Zulu teachers, a large class­ room annex and several smaller buildings. Ten schoolboy appren­ tices in the carpentry shop made many school benches, doors, window sashes and frames and smaller articles. About 125,000 bricks and 45,000 tiles were made. More road work has been done than any other year. A new boiler and engine have been received and installed and other new equipment.

Mt. Silinda: Bible-Training School. — Staff: Rev. and Mrs. C. A. Wilder, Rev. and Mrs. Fred Dixon, 1 assistant. Enrolment 7 men and the wives who receive daily instruction in Bible. Two students 52 Missions in Africa have received evangelists* certificates. All engage in evangelistic work when time permits One is acting-pastor of the Mt. Silinda Church.

Ochileso: Boys* Boarding School (W. C. A.). Founded 1911 by Rev. Henry A. Neipp. Grade: Primary, with industrial and agricultural departments. Buildings: No grant ever having been received, old houses are being used. Board and tuition $12. Staff: Rev. and Mrs H. A. Neipp, Dr. Mary Cushman, 4 teach­ ers, 2 assistants. Enrolment 66.

Sachikela: Boarding Schools (W. C. A.). Girls’ School founded 1913 by Mrs. Robert Moffat. Grade: Primary, with an Agricultural Department. Board and tuition $12. Buildings: One fairly large building with sleeping &nd living rooms for the girls; one for boys; dining-hall for boys, built 1922; storehouse built this year. Miss Esther Tholin in charge. Enrolment: Girls’ Boarding School f 39 boarders, 36 kindergarten children; Boys’ Boarding School 153.

Social Service. In Durban a Social Hall was erected early in the year at Depot Road. Weekly bioscope shows are given here, at Bell Street and at Dalton Road, while two other places, through Dr. Taylor’s influence have put on their own shows, using his films. Gamma Sigma has been temporarily suspended because so many members took up night school work. The Joint Council was re-organized on a representa­ tive basis; a committee of four investigated the native dance halls in Mayville, found shocking sanitary and moral conditions, and made representations to the Provincial Council which will probably lead to its establishing government control of these places. Effort has been made to extend social work into country places by the use of a hand bioscope outfit. In Johannesburg the Bantu Men’s Social Center was completed and formally opened in September with the Governor General officiating. The Boy Scouts have a social room equipped with library, game tables, etc., and this is used by a considerable group of older boys from the slum district. The Bioscope is now showing at 100 places, 20 having been added during the year. The “ Manger to Cross” film has been shown in mine compounds with good results. A dozen compounds on the mines are now playing Cage Ball. Two pages are contributed weekly to the native newspaper and a series of Bible Queries every Missions in Africa 53 quarter has set hundreds to searching their Bibles in the attempt to win one of Fosdick’s books as prize. The Gamma Sigma Club has been growing and a branch club formed m the East Rand. The Joint Council of Europeans and Natives has been doing good work. A branch of the Social Center Movement has been organized at Pretoria Location. Miss Alice Weir is continuing her work of district visiting and conducting Sunday Schools and day schools in Doorn- fontein, a slum district of Johannesburg and at Newlands Location.

MEDICAL

Chikore: Dispensary (S. A.). Opened 1915 by Rev. C. C. Fuller. Buildings: Part of a brick building; two huts for patients. Miss Minnie Tontz, a trained nurse, took charge in May, 1924, Miss Fannie Ellener and later Miss Sivetye from Natal having carried on the work before her arrival. Number of cases treated 3,053.

Chisamba: Hospital! (W. C. A.). Founded 1896 by Dr. W. T. Currie. Buildings: One sun-dried brick building with several smaller buildings for patients; 1 burnt-brick building erected this year. Dr. Reuben S. Hall, Physician in charge. Total treatments 28,000.

Durban: Mission Hospital (S. A.). Founded 1909 by Dr. James B. McCord. Capacity 35 beds. Cost of maintaining a bed, £48. Buildings: One brick building for in-patients, some dispensary work, housing of native nurses and classrooms; one building for the medical students; one large brick building in the city for dispensary work. American staff: Dr. Alan B. Taylor, Physician in charge of hospital; Dr. James B. McCord in charge of medical training and general medical work; Dr. J. Walker Morledge, at present doing locum tenens work in Addington Hospital. In-patients 420; new dispensary patients 2,750, receiving 4,000 treatments.

Durban: Mission Nursing Home. Dr. and Mrs. McCord and Miss Cooper in charge. Seven nurses are in training. The old class finished the course in February. Of its members one is in mission work in Pondoland, one at Inanda in charge of the school dispensary, one with Mr. and Mrs. Jessop doing good work at the mission stations Umzunduze and Itafamasi; one at Groutville, and two have been 54 Missions in Africa assisting Miss Cooper. There have been 509 patients in the Home.

Gogoyo: Dispensary (S. A.). Opened by Dr. William T. Lawrence in 1917. Buildings: Three pole-and-daub huts with thatch roofs. Dr. William L. Thompson, Physician in charge. Dr. Thomp­ son, whose medical work has been, during the past year while Mr. Dysart was on furlough, very much interrupted by other duties, has not been able to keep an accurate record of treatments. These have been somewhere around 4,000. He states that a community campaign and a long educational campaign are greatly needed, for tuberculosis, malaria and hookworm disease are a terrible drag on the community.

Kamundongo: Dispensary § (W. C. A.). Buildings: One adobe grass thatched building containing dispensary, operating-room, laboratory, store-room. Dr. Henry S. Hollenbeck, Physician in charge; 4 assistants. In-patients 50; new dispensary^patients 540; total treatments 9,600.

Mt. Silinda: Hospital (S. A.). Founded 1912 by Dr. William L. Thompson. Capacity 6 beds. Cost of maintaining a bed one year $52. Buildings: One one-story administration building contain­ ing one small ward and nurses’ quarters; 1 dispensary building; 3 one-room buildings. Staff: Dr. William T. Lawrence, Miss Gertrude H. Merrill, 2 assistants. In-patients 234; new dispensary patients 2,265; total treatments 7,641; operations 247. Dr. Lawrence is doing research work in connection with relapsing-fever and hookworm especially. The latter is so prevalent (of 170 hospital patients examined 118 were infested) that he states that it is considerably cheaper to treat an entire community than it is to examine the inhabitants for the presence of hookworm, while the treatment for its eradication is quite safe.

Ochileso: Dispensary (W. C. A.). Founded 1904 by Mrs. T. W. Woodside. Buildings: One. Dr. Mary F. Cushman, Physician in charge. In-patients 101; treatments 8,400.

Sachikela: Dispensary (W. C. A.). Founded about 1903 by Dr. Frederic C. Wellman. Buildings: One stone and burnt brick building; several huts for patients. Drs. William and Libbie S. Cammack have been on furlough the past year. The American Board Missions in the Near East

Stations: Location and Special Work of Missionaries

BULGARIA

Samokov (1857).— Rev. Leroy F. Ostrander: Principal of American School for Boys. Mrs. Mary R. Ostrander. EdwardB. Haskell, D. D.: Religious and educational work in the Boys’ School and station. Mrs. Elizabeth F. Haskell: Work for women. Rev. William P. Clarke; Mrs. Martha G. Clarke: Mission secretary and treasurer; church work. Miss InezL. Abbott: Principal of the American School for Girls. Miss Edith L. Douglass; Miss Helen M. Crockett; Miss Mabel E. Long: Teachers in the Girls’ School.

Philippopolis (1858). — Rev. William C. Cooper: In charge of the station and evangelistic work. Mrs. Eugenia F. Cooper: Work for women. Rev. Theodore T. Holway: Evangelistic work. Mrs. Charlotte T. Holway.

Sofia (------). — Rev. Reuben H. Markham: Editor of “ The Zornitsa” ; Literary and evangelistic work. Mrs. Mary G. Markham. Mrs. Alma S. Woodruff: Social and educational work. Miss Eliza­ beth C. Clarke: Kindergarten supervision and training school. Miss Agnes M. Baird: Evangelistic and social work. Mr. Herbert B. King: Mission architect and builder. Mrs. Mary B. King. Miss Margaret B. Haskell: Language study and educational work.

Associated with the Mission. (Samokov). — Mr. John F. Stearns; Mr. Lewis C. Martin: Teachers in the American School for Boys. All of the missionaries are on the field. Furloughs are due for Miss Clarke, Miss Long and Miss Crockett in the summer of 1925. Miss Margaret Haskell, appointed last year, has joined the Sofia Station, to help in the kindergarten and educational work. Mr. Paul Rowland has completed his term in Samokov and has returned to America for special study. Mr. Lewis C. Martin has been engaged for a term of three years as tutor in the American School for Boys.

55 56 The Near East Missions

STATISTICS (1923).— Three stations; 38 outstations. Popula­ tion of field 350,000. The Missionaries: 7 ordained men and 1 unor­ dained; 6 wives; 8 single women; total number of missionaries 22; asso­ ciate workers 2. The native force consists of 16 ordained preachers; 4 unordained; 1 woman teacher; 8 Bible women; making a total of 29. The church and evangelistic work is represented in 35 places with 22 organized churches; 2 self-supporting with 1,125 communicants. Last year 44 were added to the membership out of a total constituency of 3,226. Sunday Schools 30, with a membership of 1,258. Christian Endeavor Societies 12, with a membership of 380. Educational work: Two secondary schools with 130 boys and 159 girls; 1 primary school with 33 pupils; 1 kindergarten with 62 pupils; in all, 4 schools with a total of 384 under instruction. Native contributions show $4,500 for Christian work; total $4,500.

THE TURKEY MISSION

Smyrna (1820). — Alexander MacLachlan, D. D.: President of International College. Mrs. RoseB. MacLachlan: Work for students. Rev. Cass Arthur Reed, Ed. D.: Professor of Philosophy and Education in International College; Dean of College. Mrs. Rosalind M. Reed: Assistant in college work. Samuel L. Caldwell: Professor of Mathe­ matics in International College; Mrs. Carrie B. Caldwell. Rev. Harrison A. Maynard: Educational work, International College; teaching in American Collegiate Institute. Mrs. Mary W. Maynard. Miss Olive Greene: In charge of American Collegiate Institute. Miss Clara C. Richmond: Teaching in American Collegiate Institute.

Constantinople (1831). — William W. Peet,LL.D.: Mission Ad­ ministrator; Treasurer of the Turkey and Bulgarian Missions. Rev. Charles T. Riggs; Evangelistic work for Greeks; Mission Secretary. Mrs. Mary S. Riggs. Luther R. Fowle: Assistant Treasurer for the Turkey and Bulgarian Missions. Mrs. Helen C. Fowle. Rev. Fred. F. Goodsell: Field secretary; Director of the Language School. Mrs. Lulu G. Goodsell. Frederick W. MacCallum, D. D.: In charge of the Publication Department. Mrs. Henrietta W. MacCallum. Rev. Ernest Pye: Dean of the School for Religious Education. Mrs. DeEtta D. Pye. James P. McNaughton, D. D.: Principal of the Bithynia High School. Mrs. Rebecca G. McNaughton. Rev. R. The Near East Missions 57

Finney Markham; Mrs. Evangeline McN. Markham: Teaching in the Bithynia High School. Miss Ethel W. Putney: Principal of the Gedik Pasha School. Miss Anna B. Jones; Mrs. Etta D. Marden; Miss Annie N. Barker; Miss Ellen W- Catlin: Teachers in the Gedik Pasha School. Wilson F. Dodd, M.D.: Medical Teaching. Mrs. MaryB. Dodd. Rev. John J. Kingsbury; Mrs. Ruth B. Kingsbury: Teaching in Bithy­ nia High School. Miss Mary E. Kinney: Principal of the American School for Girls, Scutari. Miss Mary W. Riggs; Miss Isabelle Harley; Miss Grisell M. McLaren: Teaching in the American School for Girls, Scutari. Mrs. ElvestaT.Leslie: Assistant in the Treasury Department. Rev. Leslie J. Adkins; Mrs. Caroline G. Adkins; Rev. Edward T. Perry; Mrs. Gwendolyn S. Perry; Rev. Lee Vrooman; Mrs. Helen S. Vrooman; Rev. Walter B. Wiley; Mrs. Edith M. Wiley; Miss Lucille E. Day: Language study.

Residing at Brousa. — Miss JeannieL. Jillson: Principal of the Girls’ School. Miss. Mary I. Ward: Teacher in Girls’ School.

Erzroom (1839). —

Aintab (1847). — Lorrin A. Shepard, M. D.: Medical work; Agricultural development. Mrs. Virginia M. Shepard. Rev. Merrill N. Isely; Mrs. Mildred M. Isely: Educational work. Caroline F. Hamilton, M. D.: Medical work. Miss Theda B. Phelps: Nurse in hospital; training of nurses. Miss Elizabeth M. Trowbridge: Evangelis­ tic work for women.

Sivas (1851). —

Merzifoun (1852). — Miss Charlotte R. Willard: In charge of the station and Girls’ School. Miss Bertha B. Morley: Educational work in Girls’ School.

Adana (1852). — Cyril H. Haas, M. D.: In charge of the Inter­ national Hospital. William L. Nute, M. D.: Medical work. Mrs. Mary P. Nute. Miss Mary G. Webb: Station and Educational work. Miss Hazel K. Hotson: Nurse in hospital; training of nurses. Miss C. Grace Towner; Miss Jessie E. Martin: Educational work, Adana Seminary. Miss Lillian C. Brauer: City and social work. 58 The Near East Missions

Diarbekir (1853). —

Marash (1854). — Rev. James K. Lyman: Station and treasury work. Mrs. Bessie H. Lyman. Miss Ellen M. Blakely: Educational and general work.

Ourfa (1854). —

Talas (Cesarea) (1854). — Charles E. Clark, M. D.: In charge of hospital and medical work. Mrs. Ina C. Clark. Miss Adelaide S. Dwight; Station and educational work. Miss Ilse C. Pohl: Educa­ tional work. Rev. William Sage Woolworth, Jr.: Station and treasury work. Mrs. Pauline M. Woolworth.

Harpoot (1855). —

Bitlis (1855). —

Tarsus (1859). — Rev. Paul E. Nilson: Acting President of St. Paul’s College.

Van (1872). —

Salonica, Greece (1894). — J. Henry House, D. D.: President of the Thessalonica Agricultural and Industrial Institute. Mrs. AddieB. House: Work for women and students. Rev. J. Riggs Brewster: Evangelistic work and Boys’ School. Mrs. Ethel B. Brewster: Educa­ tional work. Mr. Dana K. Getchell: Treasurer for station and Ana­ tolia College; refugee work. Mrs. Susan R. Getchell. George E. White, D. D.: President of Anatolia College; Educational work. Mrs. Esther B. White. Miss Grace M. Elliott: Educational work in Girls’ School. Ruth A. Parmelee, M. D.: Medical relief work. Rev. William E. Hawkes: Educational Work in refugee schools and Anatolia College. Rev. Carl C. Compton: Connected with Anatolia College. Mrs. Ruth McG. Compton.

Athens, Greece (1922). — Rev. Herbert M. Irwin: Evangelistic work among refugees. Mrs. Genevieve D. Irwin. Miss Emily McCallum; Miss Annie E. Pinneo; Miss Annie E. Gordon: Educa­ tional work in American Junior College for Girls. Miss Myrtle 0. The Near East Missions 59

Shane: Evangelistic and educational work. Jesse K. Marden, M. D.: Director of Medical work for Near East Relief. Mrs. Lucy M. Marden.

Aleppo, Syria (1,922). — John C. Martin, D. D.: Evangelistic work, church supervision. Mrs. Mary C. Martin: Work for refugees. Miss Lucile Foreman; Miss Harriet C. Norton: Educational work in girls’ school. Rev. John E. Merrill: Principal of Boys’ High School. Mrs. Isabel T. Merrill.

Outside the Mission (Beirut). — Rev. Henry H. Riggs; ^Mrs. Annie B. Riggs: Evangelistic work for Armenians in Syria. W. Nes­ bitt Chambers, D. D.: Religious work for Armenian refugees. Mrs. Cornelia P. Chambers. Miss Elizabeth S. Webb: Educational work among refugees. Albert W. Dewey, M. D.: Medical relief work. Mrs. Elsie G. Dewey. Rev. Joseph W. Beach: Relief work. Mrs. Blanche E. Beach. (Erivan, Caucasus) Rev. Ernest C. Partridge; Mrs. Winona G. Partridge: Educational and evangelistic work. (Alexan- dropol) Miss Caroline Silliman: Relief work.

On Furlough. — Rev. J. Kingsley Birge; Mrs. Anna H. Birge; Prof. Caleb W. Lawrence; Mrs. Helen L. Lawrence; Mr. Theodore D. Riggs; Mrs. Winnifred C. Riggs; Miss Stella N. Loughridge; Miss Susan W- Orvis; Mrs. Harriet F. Nilson; Mrs. Ruth D. Haas; Miss Kate E. Ainslee; Miss Nina E. Rice; Miss Minnie B. Mills;u Miss Lena L. Lietzau; Miss Louise M. Clark; Miss Edith Cold.

Associated with Mission. — (Constantinople). Miss Elizabeth L. Lewis: Teacher in the Gedik Pasha School. Miss Katherine O. Fletcher: Teaching in the Girls’ School, Scutari. Miss Cecelia J. Berg: Secretarial work. (Smyrna) Mr. Kenneth B. Kirkwood; Mr. Archie MacFarlane; Mr. Charles Van Zanten; Mr. Harold B. Disbrowe: Instructors in the International College. (Merzifoun) Miss Fanny G. Noyes: Nursing and relief work. Miss Emma Zbinden: Educational work. (Salonica) Mr. Charles L. House; Miss Ruth E. House; Educational work in the Thessalonica Institute. Mr. Paul G. Roofe: Teacher in Institute. Mr. and Mrs. Arthur J. Bertholf: Con­ nected with the Institute. Mrs. Cornelia C. Richards: Secretarial and Educational work in Institute. Miss Mary E. Arnold; Miss Sadie E. Watton: Teaching in Girls’ School. (Athens) Miss Helen P. Larrabee; Miss Charlotte E. Ferguson: Teaching in Girls’ School, Old 60 The Near East Missions

Phaleron. (Beirut) Miss Martha J. Treatson: Orphanage and relief worker. (Adana) Miss Lucie Bor el: Educational work. Mr. Alford Carleton: Educational and community work. (Aintab) Charles C. Piper, M .D .: In charge of hospital. (Tarsus)Mr. Roger P. Matteson: Instructor in St. Paul’s College. Mrs.Emily C. Block: College matron, (Language study in Constantinople this year). (Talas) Miss Sylvia T.Eddy: Nurse.

In 1924 the three Turkey Missions were united into one. In the combined mission the stations are listed according to the year of starting the work. Of the missionaries on furlough Dr. and Mrs. Merrill have taken up work in Aleppo; Mr. and Mrs. Lyman have re­ turned to Marash, and Miss Harley to Scutari; Mrs. White has joined Dr. White in Salonica; Mrs. Irwin is now with Mr. Irwin in Athens, and Mrs. Caldwell is back in Smyrna; Miss Gordon is located in Athens. Mr. and Mrs. Harlow and Mr. and Mrs. Stapleton are re­ maining permanently in America. Mr. and Mrs. Theodore Riggs are hoping to go out to Salonica in 1925. There are sixteen missionaries on furlough as against twenty-two for last year. Mr. and Mrs. Kings­ bury, Miss Brauer and Miss Martin are expecting to leave for furlough in 1925. The following have completed their terms of service: Miss Annie A. Phelps of Constantinople, Miss Margaret Hinman of Brousa, Mr. Malcolm R. Irwin of Salonica, Miss Mary A. Whittle of Athens, Mr. Leslie Lewis of Tarsus. Mr. and Mrs. Maynard, who were in the Caucasus, are helping in the College at Smyrna. Rev. William Sage Woolworth, Jr. and Miss Pauline M. Rehder of Marash were married in Constantinople on November 14,1924, and have been transferred to Talas. Mr. and Mrs. Compton, after a brief furlough in America are returning to the staff of Anatolia College in Salonica. Dr. and Mrs. Marden have been assigned to the Athens area under the Near East Relief. Miss Pohl of Smyrna is temporarily located at Talas for health reasons and Miss Richmond of Talas is temporarily at Smyrna. The new missionaries for 1924 are Dr. and Mrs. William L. Nute, who after several years in America are now in Adana, and the following who are in the Language School in Constantinople; Rev. and Mrs. Leslie D. Adkins, Rev. and Mrs. Edward T. Perry, Rev. and Mrs. Lee Vrooman, Rev. and Mrs. Walter B. Wiley, Miss Lucille E. Day. Besides these missionaries under life appointment the following have been secured for term service: Miss Cecelia J. Berg, Constantinople; Mr. Alford Carleton, Adana; Mr. Harold B. Disbrowe, Smyrna; Miss The Near East Missions 61

Sylvia T. Eddy, Cesarea; Miss Charlotte E. Ferguson and Miss Helen P. Larrabee, Athens; Miss Katherine 0. Fletcher, Scutari; Dr. Charles C. Piper, Aintab; Mr. Paul G. Roofe, Miss Sadie E. Watton, Salonica.

BULGARIA

The territory covered by this Mission has passed through many vicissitudes, political and otherwise, since the American Board began work there. At first it was a part of Turkey and a section of the European Turkey Mission. After Bulgaria obtained her independ­ ence from Turkey the Mission was still regarded as a part of the Euro­ pean Turkey Mission. After the Balkan War of 1912, when Turkey was driven out of the greater part of the Balkans, Salonica, for ad­ ministrative purposes, was joined with the Western Turkey Mission, when the name Balkan Mission was applied to Bulgaria. It seems wise now, as the operations of the Mission are carried on wholly within the bounds of Bulgaria, to change the name still further and call it the Bulgaria Mission. Two serious political upheavals amounting to two revolutions mark the year under review. The revolution of June 19, 1923, resulting in a decisive overthrow of the Agrarian Party, was a bloodless one. The revolution of September following, which resulted in the crushing out of the Communist uprising, was far more serious. These upheavals naturally created considerable disturbance and they interfered some­ what with the missionary touring and the holding of public meetings, but not as much as one would naturally expect. The American Board and the Methodist Board North are the two missionary societies carrying on work in the country. The American Board occupies from Sofia southward, while the Methodist Board occupies the region to the north and east in Bulgaria. There has been no change in the American personnel in the Mission during the year, except that Mr. Rowland has come home after completing his term of service and Mr. King, who was at home on furlough, has returned and taken up his work at Sofia. The Mission is interested in practically all departments of missionary operations except medical. The evan­ gelistic work is under the general direction primarily of Messrs. Hol- way and Cooper who reside in Philippopolis. The educational work heads up in the schools at Samokov. The publication work is carried on for school purposes at Samokov, but the general publication work 62 The Near East Missions of the Mission at Sofia. The social work has its center chiefly in the capital, at Sofia.

Evangelistic

Work has been carried on during the year in something like forty different places, with an average attendance at Sunday morning ser­ vices of about 2,500. The attempt is not made to separate the Bul­ garian from the National Church, but to give him the right view of his personal relationship to Jesus Christ and to develop in him that spiritual life which will carry the power of Christ into the old Church. The missionaries have found a welcome wherever they have gone and have often met with large congregations of people eager to get the evangelical interpretation of the true meaning of Christianity as it applies to the life and society of Bulgaria. Messrs. Holway and Cooper have given their time almost wholly to going about the field meeting with the church members and the leaders and holding special services. They have met with some opposition from the leaders of the Pravoslav Church, but much of this opposition has gained a hearing for them which could not have been secured in any other way. They report that the work in the villages is nearly always encouraging. The greatest difficulties are met with in the larger cities and towns. Eighty per cent of the Bulgarian people are peasants and live upon the land and dwell in small rural villages. During the year a summer conference of Sunday School workers was held in Samokov which was a great success. In this conference the Methodist and the American Board Missions combined with other religious agencies. Dr. Mills, the Methodist Director of Sunday School work for Europe, was present, giving great aid and proving to be most helpful and inspiring in deepening the interest in Bible study and Sunday School work throughout the whole field, which already feels the quickening influence of the conference. As an illustration of the kind of work the evangelistic missionary does and the people he meets, I will quote from a statement of Mr. Cooper: “ Our meetings have been held: with a bare handful of eager inquirers in private homes until late in the night; with goodly audi­ ences in churches, reading rooms and public halls; and with crowds of hundreds on the street and in large open spaces in villages. We have used magic lanterns, large Sunday School pictures and object lessons. In 1923 we had hearty interviews with perfervid Communists; with The Near East Missions 63 ex-officers from Denikin’s and Wrangel’s armies; with ardent Mace­ donian revolutionists; with both hostile and friendly priests of the State Church as well as with Tolstoists, Dunevists, Theophists, Sab­ batarians and Pentecostalists; with cordial millionaires and with equally cordial beggars; with Premier Stambolisky, only ten days before his death, confident of twenty years more as Bulgarian Prime Minister; and barely a month later with peasant followers of his, smarting bitterly and resentfully under the sting of a bloody defeat. Once we talked with a junior from one of the Mission Armenian col­ leges, who had not spent two successive winters in seven years in the same place, and even then faced the order to move on. One day we addressed the prisoners of one of Bulgaria’s largest prisons, several Ministers of a former King’s Cabinet being among the hearers. An­ other evening we presented the vision of a whole hearted Christian life to the orphans in an orphanage maintained by a Pravoslav brotherhood.” This quotation gives a better conception of the work of the evan­ gelistic missionary in Bulgaria than almost anything else that could be written. A new hymnal has been prepared and is being rapidly distributed. Original sermons are hectographed weekly and are sent out to congre­ gations where they have no preacher. It is found that some of the priests in the Pravoslav Church, with the hearty co-operation of the village clergy, are seeking these sermons for use in their churches. Closing his report on evangelistic work, Mr. Holway says: “ One of our helpful experiences this year has been the weekly prayer meeting for Christian workers where we have had not only prayers in Bulgarian and English but also in Danish, German, Russian, Syrian and Turkish. Besides ourselves and our Bulgarian colleagues we have had with us a Syrian pastor, a converted Turk, a fine-spirited Danish pastor working among Turks and Gypsies, and recently a Swiss and a German Sister for work among the Armenians. The 19 churches in the Mission aided from Mission funds have given themselves two levs for every lev aid received from the Board.” There is almost an epidemic of attempts to build new churches and parsonages, and in a number of cases the lack of money has been par­ tially overcome by the people’s gifts of labor and material. Several of these buildings are on the way toward completion; others have not progressed beyond plans. 64 The Near East Missions

Social Service

The Mission has been anxious to secure funds for putting up a community building for social service work in the heart of the capital city of Sofia on a site given by the Government on condition that a building should be begun this year. In order to retain the property excavations were begun on the 19th of May; on July 1 the first stone was laid and on the 12th of July the formal cornerstone was placed with proper ceremonies. Although funds are not in hand for the completion of the project, it seemed to the Mission they could do nothing else than to proceed in faith and confidence that in some way part at least of the building would be provided for. The plan calls for three separate buildings, one of them to be a residence, one an assembly hall flanking the main building. The main building is to have a day nursery, with rooms for resident matrons, a kindergarten, four class rooms, an office, a temporary assembly room which can later be turned into a library and reading room, and three rooms to be used as public health centers and day clinics. The basement will contain a com­ munity kitchen and dining room and a large room for shower baths, laundry, store rooms, etc., with pro-gymnasium, reception and club rooms. There will be a small apartment for residence on the second floor; on the third floor, a hostel for business girls and students.

Publication Work

The printing press at the school has taken care of the general school printing and has furnished text-books. The Zornitza, as has already been reported, is now issued twice a week and declares its independence of any outside aid from the first of January next. It has about 5,000 subscribers. There are indications that the paper is read by not less than 10,000 people. It is quoted and commented on by the daily and weekly papers of Bulgaria. Its influence is growing. Mr. Mark­ ham, by election of the Bulgarian Board of Control, is the Editor. The Bulgarian Evangelical Society urges that he continue in that position. Mr. Markham is eager to launch an eight-page illustrated religious weekly, to be called The Illustrated Zornitza, this to be sent not only to subscribers, but to be put upon the news-stands of the country. This proposition is now before the Mission. The Illustrated Zornitza would require some subsidy at the outset. Its aim will be to treat of art, literature, sports, peace, temperance, education, politics and religion. The Near East Missions 65

The papers are published in Sofia where the Mission has a well estab­ lished publication plant. It publishes Sunday School quarterlies and is prepared now to enlarge and extend its work.

Educational Work

The boys’ and girls’ gymnasiums at Samokov constitute the chief educational work of the Mission. Both of these schools have sent out at least two thousand students over the country to take positions of leadership and wide influence. Among these students are men and women who hold high positions in the educational, social, moral, religious, and even political life of Bulgaria today. Hitherto the work of the schools has been greatly hampered by a lack of adequate equip­ ment. The Mission, the Woman’s Board of the Interior and the American Board have come to the conclusion that the future of these schools re­ quires their removal to the vicinity of the capital. Mr. Paul Rowland, who has served as a teacher for four years, one of those years as acting- principal of the Boys’ School, has come home to aid in promoting the interests of the schools and in securing funds for the necessary new buildings. Both Boards have approved of these schools joining the Near East Colleges in a general appeal and have agreed to the creation of a separate Board of Trustees. A new pamphlet has been issued, called “ The Samokov American Schools,” giving the history of this educational work which has already won such a place for itself in the religious and social life of the kingdom of Bulgaria. The King himself has most emphatically expressed his desire that the schools should be strengthened and should be located near the capital. Mr. Tsankov, the Prime Minister and Minister of Education, has recently written: “The Bulgarian Government, which I have the honor to represent, will sincerely rejoice if it sees close by its side a center of the spiritual treasures of American culture destined to play an important role in the development and strengthening of Bulgarian culture. With the conviction that an American educational institution at Sofia will be the meeting place of the two cultures, I earnestly hope for the speedy realization of your aim, pledging you my moral support.” Bulgaria is the most virile of the Balkan nations. It is a peasant state, with a population of five million people. It occupies a strategic place in the Balkan Peninsula. It already has demonstrated its power of leadership in education and in moral advance. The responsibility 66 The Near East Missions resting upon the Congregational churches of America and the present opportunity are overwhelming.

TURKEY

The Treaty of Amity and Commerce signed at Lausanne in August, 1923, was sent to the Senate of the United States only a short time before it adjourned. During this interval negotiations with Turkey were extremely difficult. The Senate was not able to take up the treaty before adjournment; therefore it was not ratified, and the diplo­ matic relations existing between the United States and Turkey have no basis, except, by common consent, the unratified treaty. The treaty was strongly objected to in some quarters because it did not contain all that one could wish, but, on the other hand, it paves the way for other treaties; it opens the door for constant and renewed negotiations and the arrival at new understandings, not only with re­ gard to commercial matters, but with regard to American religious, educational and philanthropic institutions within the bounds of Turkey which is now a sovereign state through recognition by the European nations. At the time it was signed a note, regarded as part of the agreement though not part of the treaty, was handed Ambassador Child by General Ismet Pasha, the spokesman for Turkey during the entire negotiations and also the Minister of Foreign Affairs—which he is still. This is the note: “ I have the honor to declare in the name of my government that the latter will recognize the existence of American religious, scholastic and medical establishments as well as of charitable institutions recog­ nized as existing in Turkey prior to the 30th of October, 1914, and that it will favorably examine the case of other similar American institutions actually existing in Turkey at the date of the treaty signed today, with a view to regularize their position.” At Lausanne during the Conference Ismet repeatedly and publicly declared that Turkey desired and needed the continuation of American religious, educational and philanthropic institutions. While there is reason to believe that this statement of Ismet Pasha represents the judgment of the leading officials of Turkey today, there is no doubt that there is an element of opposition, moved by intense and almost radical nationalism, that desires to have all foreign influences and agencies removed from Turkey and to have the country stand purely as a Turkish republic controlled and directed wholly by The Near East Missions 67

Turks. Some of the official papers in Constantinople have declared it to be the purpose of the government to establish and maintain its own educational institutions and ultimately to free the government from all outside influence and control. Since the report of a year ago Turkey has become a republic and regards itself now as the Republic of Turkey with the National Pact as its Constitution, and with a series of articles which may be regarded as a part of the National Pact. The second article declares that the official religion of Turkey is Islam and the official language is Turkish, and it concentrates all legislative executive and judicial power in the Grand National Assembly which alone exercises the right of sovereignty in the name of the nation. This Assembly is composed of deputies elected by the nations in conformity with special laws regulating elections. While the Constitution declares that the official religion of Turkey is Islam, in the treaties with Great Britain, France, Italy and Japan the declaration is made that “ all inhabitants of Turkey shall be entitled to free exercise, whether in public or private, of any creed, religion or belief, the observance of which shall not be incompatible with public order and good morals.” This is in accordance with the statement re­ peatedly made by the Turkish delegation at Lausanne with reference to religious freedom in Turkey which the abrogation of the Caliphate would seem to confirm.

Educational and Social Work

The national government has established certain educational laws and regulations which apply to all schools within the bounds of the republic. One of the fundamental laws is that religion shall not be taught in schools; religion and education are to be entirely separate. There is no restriction upon worship in buildings set apart for that pur­ pose in connection with an educational institution. For instance, at Smyrna where daily chapel exercises are held in the chapel, the chapel can not be used for a class room. Class rooms must be free from all religious teaching and from all religious symbols. This law applies to all schools in the country, including private institutions, and is en­ forced in schools distinctly Mohammedan. The law regulating medical practice in the country forbids the right to practise medicine in Turkey to any except Turkish subjects. Excep­ tions are made, however, in the case of foreign doctors who had re­ 68 The Near East Missions ceived, under the old regime, a license to practise in Turkey, but no new licenses are granted. The National University in Constantinople has graduated many Turkish doctors who are manifestly jealous of the presence of foreign physicians and whose influence is cast strongly against the granting of licenses to foreigners. The American Board is keeping open three of its medical plants in the country through mis­ sionary physicians who had received their license to practise under the previous regime, but up to the present time the new doctors who have been appointed are not permitted freely to practise their profession. Under the new government the press is freer from censorship than it has been for a long time. This is in harmony with the declarations repeatedly made at Lausanne. The work of the American Board Missions in Turkey has gone on through the year with no marked hindrance, and at some of the centers of operation progress has been made that was hardly anticipated a year ago. Under the “ exchange of populations,” accepted by the European nations at Lausanne, but few scattered Greek and Armenian com­ munities have been left anywhere within the bounds of the Turkish republic outside of the Constantinople area. By agreement signed in Lausanne the Greeks are permitted to remain in Constantinople, on condition that the Turks will be allowed to remain in Western Thrace under the Greek Government. The Armenians are permitted to remain by sufferance in the same area, although there is no agree­ ment to that effect in the treaty. Therefore in the Constantinople area the colleges and schools continue with their mixed student body. They are all subject to the laws of Turkey regarding education and under the supervision of the Minister of Public Instruction. Their teachers must be approved by the government, and Turkish history and the Turkish language must be taught by Turkish teachers appointed by the educational authorities. This has up to the present time worked no special hardship. While some of the Turkish laws and regulations are difficult of interpretation, yet gradually the school authorities and the governmental authorities seem to be coming to a clearer under­ standing with reference to these laws and their applications to the schools. The changes in the schools within the bounds of the Con­ stantinople area have been much less radical than in the outside areas, since Armenian and Greek pupils remain in these schools and they have been able to employ Armenian and Greek teachers to a considerable extent. Outside of the Constantinople area, however, where in some places The Near East Missions 69 the Armenian and Greek populations have practically disappeared, the work has gone forward for non-Christian populations alone. This is especially true of Smyrna where out of 130 students in the Inter­ national College there are less than half a dozen who are not Turks. No Armenian or Greek teachers can function in a school of this char­ acter. In view of this fact it has become necessary to provide a larger staff of foreign teachers. These teachers are readily admitted into the country, and while they are not allowed to teach religion to their pupils in the class room, they have every opportunity for living Christianity in the presence of their pupils and for applying the fundamental principles of Christianity to the deportment and rela­ tionship of the student body. A large number of Roman Catholic schools in different parts of the interior of the country have been closed because they declined to remove religious symbols from the buildings and class rooms in accord­ ance with the demands of the law.

Work Among Refugees

Because the great body of the former constituency of the American Board in the Turkish area were compelled to leave thecountry it became necessary for the Board to follow these refugees in order to aid them in organizing their religious and educational work in their land of exile. This work among refugees is for the present considered a part of the Turkish Mission operation. The two chief groups of refugees are in Syria and Greece. The missionaries have been much encouraged by the response of these people to the appeal of the Gospel. As an illus­ tration of the number of seekers among the refugees from Turkey con­ gregated in different parts of Greece, we here give a few facts taken from recent reports from the Salonica Station. One hundred and eighty families arrived in that vicinity from Ordou on the Black Sea. Their pastor is a refugee from another part of Turkey. While there are 120 church members in the group, the Sun­ day morning services had an attendance of from 300 to 1,000, with from 100 to 150 in the evening. Mothers’ meetings are conducted by an old Bible woman from Ordou, with an average attendance of 85. Fifty-six young men have organized a Y. M. C. A., and the young women are organizing for service. Two hours away is another village with 40 families under their former pastor. They are already laying foundations for a church building. In a village north of Salonica, 70 The Near East Missions

150 refugees from Russia and the Black Sea coast are holding services in the school building. There are 50 in the Sunday School and at least 50 attend the women’s meeting under the direction of a Greek Bible woman formerly of Marsovan. In Berea, the oldest city visited by Paul, there is a church group of 100 Greek refugees, a student from the School of Religion conducting services there during the summer. Near the Serbian border another group of 100 Greek refugees are holding services and calling for a preacher and teacher. Another group of 375 refugees from the Adana region, mostly Protestant, have just settled on the Yenitza plain. While they have no pastor, they have kept up their regular weekly meetings and are begging for Bibles and hymn books. There are some 1,000 Protestant Armenians in Macedonia with whom our missionaries have come in contact. The report states that Greece is on the eve of a religious change. Modern Greek Bibles are now al­ lowed freely to enter the country, whereas two years ago a strict prohi­ bition was enforced. There seems to be arising a new spirit of in­ quiry in the fields of education and religion and a deeper desire to pass by the form and to preach reality. Greek leaders are growing more tolerant, more teachable and more kindly. Salonica, an old station of the Board in European Turkey, has be­ come, through the fortunes of war, a mission station in Greece. Dr. White, President of Anatolia College, has opened in its vicinity a school which is attended by a considerable number of his former pupils at Marsovan as well as by pupils from Smyrna and other parts of Turkey who have been compelled to flee the country. Anatolia Col­ lege may be established here. There is no intention on the part of the Board of abandoning Salonica as a station, but no decision has been made with reference to permanent work in Greece south of this city. In Aleppo, Syria, a new church is being erected, for there was no meeting place that could accommodate those who regularly attended worship. The authorities of Aintab College have here opened a preparatory school for the former pupils of the colleges at Aintab, Harpoot, and Tarsus here congregated, and it may be that conditions in the future may require the removal of Aintab College from its old loca­ tion in Aintab to a new location in Aleppo where it will be able to reach not only its former large Armenian constituency but can be made also to serve a large Turkish and Arab population. The American Board has not carried on work hitherto in Syria, it being a recognized field of the Presbyterian Board, and its present The Near East Missions 71 work among the refugees in that country is in the nature of emergency work and necessarily limited in time. In view of these facts and also in view of the fact that a Mission which is in part on the Turkish side of the line and in part on the French side would be difficult indeed to direct as a unit, it has been decided to set apart the Syrian section of the Central Turkey Mission by itself. A group of missionaries from the American Board are there and engaged in educational and evangelis­ tic work among the refugee populations, but with the understanding that the work is temporary and will decrease until the American Board operations in Syria will entirely cease and the whole field be left as before to the Presbyterian Board. The only exception contemplated as possible will be the continuation of Aintab College, possibly as a union institution in which the Presbyterian Board will co-operate. That is a question for the future to solve. In the Eastern Turkey Mission no station is now occupied and the former missionaries are scattered in the Russian Caucasus, in Greece, in Turkey and in Syria. The Mission Meetings held this spring in Central Turkey and Constantinople have voted to concentrate and unify all of the American Board work in Turkey under one single organization. This united mission will be known as the Turkey Mission of the Ameri­ can Board. At present this organization will comprise all of the Board work in the Near East except Bulgaria. There is no doubt that this concentration will be to the great administrative advantage of the work. The Near East Relief has practically withdrawn all of its operations from Turkey, but is carrying on extensive work still in Greece and in Syria. The American Board missionaries are co-operating in this work of benevolence. As the children in the orphanages reach the age of graduation, some provision should be made for taking the best equipped of these pupils into mission schools to carry them on further in their preparation for positions of large leadership and influence in the reorganization of the Near East.

Reasons for Optimism

The mass of the Turkish people and the best educated of the leaders, beyond any question, feel the need of American schools and American philanthropic institutions. They have seen the great advance made by the Armenians and Greeks through their wide patronage of Ameri­ can institutions during the last generation, and they covet this same 72 The Near East Missions opportunity for their own young men and women. While some are suspicious and eager to curtail the work of American institutions, the people desire them to continue and are eager to patronize them. This is undoubedly true also of the mission medical work. There is a broad field opening for American schools in Turkey along the line of modern agriculture. The intelligent leaders are conscious of the fact that it is through the development of her vast agricultural resources that Turkey is to become a self-supporting country. The International College in Smyrna started an agricultural department prior to the war. This department is now looked upon with high favor by the Turkish officials, and it is reasonable to expect that similar departments at Aintab, Marsovan and other places will meet with general approval. The Turks, with the revival of the spirit of nationalism, are becom­ ing increasingly conscious of their lack of international experience, ideas and ideals. Their national press is awakening to this lack. In a word, the Turks are beginning to be, as they have never been before, a people eager for information. This opens the door wide for the creation and dissemination of an educational, social, moral and religious literature in the Turkish language. Much in this line has already been produced, but the present revival of learning and nationalism in Turkey opens the door for a much larger effort in this direction. The Bible, already translated into Turkish and Arabic, cannot fail to have a rapidly in­ creased circulation throughout the Near East. There is a readiness to form Turkish clubs for mutual improvement. This grows out of present conditions and a consciousness of a lack of general education and an awakening conception of nationalism and internationalism. These clubs have been successfully formed, and can be greatly increased. The leadership of a foreigner is welcomed, and, while direct religious propaganda is excluded, an unlimited opportunity is afforded for contacts which will disarm suspicion and demonstrate to the Turks the underlying principles of our Christian faith. In these clubs any topic can be presented under the title of a lecture. It is encouraging to note the eagerness of many Turkish young men to know more about Christianity, its history, its content and its claims. Already the interest of the young Turk in religion is becoming increasingly manifest. Questions are being raised in his mind as to the comparative merits of Mohammedanism and Christianity, questions which he himself cannot answer. Many are seeking personal conversa­ tion with missionaries on the subject of religion. There is every reason The Near East Missions 73 to expect that this spirit of inquiry will increase as friendly contacts multiply, and as the young men, and the young women, too, realize the difference between the two religions. This is one of the present methods of approach and very likely the most effective now open to the missionaries. There is reason to believe that under the present regulations, where there is to be in the schools no reading of scripture, no prayer, no sing­ ing of Christian hymns, no Christian symbols, gradually opposition will die down, and the relation between the Turkish pupil and his Chris­ tian teacher will become more normal. In other words, the habitual attitude of resistance will decrease until it disappears. In the mean­ time, the Christian teacher will not fail to impress upon his pupils the necessity of a brotherly spirit of friendly co-operation and c6rdial relationship. He will teach the absolute necessity of truthfulness in utterance and in manner, of purity of life, word and character, of abso­ lute integrity in dealing one with another. The Christian teacher in the school from which religious instruction is excluded by law, will im­ press upon his pupils those principles which lie at the very foundation of our Christian thinking and Christian living. The missionary will thus have opportunity to build Christian character into the lives of his Turkish pupils. The intelligent pupil will be quick to discern that these are fundamental Christian principles. The soul of a teacher in whose heart the Christ dwells is thus brought into contact with the souls of his pupils who have not known Him, and it is through such contacts that life and power are transmitted.

Conference at Jerusalem

Under the direction of the International Missionary Council a series of conferences were held in March and April in the Near East on the subject of work among Moslems. These conferences were directed by Dr. John R. Mott. Secretaries Riggs and Emerson were in attend­ ance on some of these conferences, as well as several missionaries from the Turkey Mission of the American Board. The final and crowning conference was held in Jerusalem with delegates from the preceding conferences. Among the conclusions reached were: unmistakable evidences of the weakening or disintegration of Islam; the marvelous accessibility of the Mohammedan world to the friendly and construc­ tive ministry of the Christian religion; the great neglect of Moslems on the part of the Protestant Christian forces of the world; the approach- 74 The Near East Missions ability of the individual Moslem to the claims of the Christian message; the necessity of positive, constructive, irenic and sympatheticapproach- rather than the negative, destructive, polemic and unappreciative; the possible necessity of shifting the emphasis in the methods employed hitherto to reach Moslems; the necessity for more thorough and more highly specialized training and the training of missionaries and native leaders for approaching the Mohammedans with the Christian message, and the imperative need for bringing about closer co-operation among leaders of the Christian forces at work among Moslems. The above points are based upon Dr. Mott’s report on the conference, and every one of these points applies definitely and directly to the work of the American Board in Turkey at the present time. The conference can­ not fail to be of great value to our mission work in the Near East. Near East Institutions

Educational and Social

All the institutions below, except those in Bulgaria, are now in The Turkey Mission, and are listed alphabetically regardless of the name of the country.

Adana: Girls’ Seminaryf. Founded 1884 by the W. B. M. I. Departments: Secondary School; Primary School; Kindergarten. Buildings: School building with dormitory on upper floor built 1914; one built 1885 used for boarding department and home of American teachers. Board and tuition $80. Staff: Misses Grace Towner; Jessie Martin, Lillian Brauer, Lucie Borel, 5 teachers. Enrolment: Kindergarten 25; Grades 65; High School 45; total 135. The present school year has been marked by tranquillity. Turkish history, geography and language have to be taught by Turkish teachers approved by the department of education. About a third of the students are Moslems.

Aintab: Central Turkey College. Founded 1876 by the Cilicia Evangelical Union and Trustees of Donations for Education in Turkey (Mass. 1874); Dr. T. C. Trowbridge, Organizer. Although the College is closed at present its work is largely carried on by the Aleppo High School. See below.

Aintab: Girls’ Seminary.* Founded 1860 by Miss Myra A. Proctor. The work of the Seminary is being carried on in the Aleppo Girls’ School. See below.

Aleppo: Girls’ School.* Opened January, 1922; students mostly former Aintab Seminary students. Grade: Secondary School. A suitable house in a good section of the city has been found for rental during the past year.

♦Institutions marked with an * are supported by the W om an’s Board of Missions; those marked t by the Woman's Board of Missions of the Interior; and those marked t by the Woman’s Board of Missions of the Pacific. 76 The Near East Missions

Staff: Misses Lucile Foreman, Harriet Norton, Edith Cold, Pauline Rehder (married in the fall of 1924), 4 teachers. Enrolment 136. The girls are all refugees and many walk from the refugee camp two miles away every morning and back every evening. The school is the bright spot in their lives. One of the pleasantest events of the year was the visit of Miss Mabel E. Emerson, last summer.

Aleppo: High School. This is the continuation of the Central Turkey College at Aintab. The boys are nearly all refugees from Ain- tab,Marash, Harpoot and other interior stations; most of them are from Aintab. Dr. John E. Merrill, President of Central Turkey College, went to Aleppo in October, 1924, to take charge of the school. En­ rolment 156.

Aleppo: ‘ ‘Marash College in Aleppo. ” This has been the gues t of the school conducted by Miss Foreman and Miss Norton. It gave part of the building and most of the equipment, and three of the native staff have been teaching college classes. Miss Edith Cold and Miss Pauline Rehder, both in Marash last year, have con­ ducted this school. Enrolment 11, of whom 10 were formerly in the school at Marash.

Athens, Greece: American Junior College for Girls.* Opened 1923 in a rented house in Old Phaleron, five miles from the center of Athens. Staff: Misses Emily McCallum, Minnie B. Mills (now in America), Annie E. Pinneo, Nina Rice, Mary Whittle, Mrs. Marden, 9 native teachers, of whom 4 are visiting teachers and give only a few periods a week. Enrolment 91, divided almost equally between Greeks and Armenians. Thirty-two were formerly pupils of the American Colle­ giate Institute, Smyrna, destroyed by fire in September, 1922, when thousands of refugees fled from Smyrna to Athens. Many of the girls live in the refugee camps, others in the Y. W. C. A. hostel, and some in a corner of the Old Palace. Two mission schools for refugees in the villages care for 450 children; their teachers are refugee gradu­ ates of our former mission schools in Asia Minor. A night school for bootblacks opened in 1924 in Athens; enrolment 92, all bright, keen boys. The Near East Missions 77

Beirut, Syria: American-Armenian School. Started at the Y. W. C. A. in the spring of 1922 when the Armenians were obliged to withdraw from Turkey. In 1923 the old Press Building of the Presbyterian Mission was rented and renovated. Staff: Miss Elizabeth S. Webb, Miss Jarratt (English), 8 full-time and 3 visiting Armenian teachers. Enrolment: 217 girls coming from ten or more cities of the interior originally. There is no other school in the city to fill this need, since all demand a prohibitively high tuition. But tuition in either money or work is required of these girls. There is a camp of Armenian refugees on the outskirts of the city. Miss Frearson, an English lady, has recently given the Mission a building large enough to accommodate the 225 children in our camp schools with their five teachers. In Damascus, Zahleh, Tripoli, Latakia, Sidon also there are primary schools for Armenian refugee children and taught by former pupils of Mission schools in Turkey.

Brousa: Girls’ School. % Founded 1869 by Miss Ursula C. Clark (later Mrs. G. C. Marsh). Departments: Primary; Kinder­ garten. Buildings: One school-building and one residence at Kaya Bashi or west end of the city; one rented school-building at Sed Bashi or east end of the city. Staff: Misses Jeannie L. Jillson, Mary Ward, (B) Margaret Hin- man, Edith Sanderson (1924), 1 French and 7 Turkish teachers. Enrol­ ment 140 students, all but one of whom are Turkish girls. They are intelligent and studious and their English is remarkably good. They take a great interest in reading. The old school at Sed Bashi is now a Relief School with ninety students, most of them poor refugees.

Bulgaria: American School for Boys at Samokov (Bulgaria Mission). Founded 1860 by A. B. C. F- M. missionaries. Grade: Is a Secondary School in the European sense, its course embracing some of the work taken in American colleges. Board and tuition $60. Buildings: 4 buildings containing class rooms and dormitories or study hall; 2 residences; carpenter’s shop. These are ramshackle wooden buildings, and it is proposed to erect modern buildings on a fine new site of a hundred acres on the outskirts of Sofia, the capital. Staff: Rev. Leroy F. Ostrander, Dr. and Mrs. E. B. Haskell, Paul Rowland (left 1924 at end of term), JohnF. Stearns, 17 Bulgarian teachers. All but three of staff teach in the Girls’ School, too. Enrol­ ment 130. The curriculum has been made more American this year 78 The Near East Missions and more emphasis has been laid on English. Student organizations: Student Council, helpful in maintaining and raising the moral standard and general tone of the school; Y. M. C. A.; Temperance Society; Literary Society, which celebrated its 25th anniversary with a com­ petitive exhibition; Choir Orchestra; Sport Club; Sunday Afternoon Club. The students have for two years published a paper which is the joint organ of the two schools.

Bulgaria: American School for Girls at Samokov. f Founded 1863 by Dr. Theodore Byington. Grade: The course of study covers what corresponds to a high school course and one year of college in America. Board and tuition $60. Buildings: Three besides one rented house, all in dilapidated condition. Staff: Miss Inez L. Abbott, Principal, Misses Edith L. Douglass, Helen M. Crockett, Mabel E. Long, all of the W. B. M. I. Also Dr. and Mrs. E. B. Haskell, Mrs. R. H. Markham and 16 teachers, most of whom teach in both schools. See above. Enrolment 159. The pro­ gymnasium course ends with this year; the seniors were given a short course in home hygiene and care of the sick. The 80 girls of the Y.W. C. A. had an 8 days’camp just before school began in September, in which it followed a program of Bible study. During the year it gave away 3000 levs in food, fuel, etc., to the poor, and during the summer began to support, through voluntary contributions, a family of orphans. A delegation of ten girls attended the John Mott lectures in Sofia. A volunteer band of 15 has been organized. An event of the year was the visit of Miss Mabel Emerson, Foreign Secretary of the W. B. M.

Bulgaria: American Primary School at Sofia. Established in the fall of 1922. Staff: Mrs. Alma S. Woodruff and 1 Bulgarian teacher. Enrolment 33. It now occupies two rooms in Miss Clarke’s building; it is hoped it may be accommodated next year in the Community building, the foundations of which have recently been laid. A third grade was ad­ ded in the fall of 1924. Parents have expressed their appreciation, of the work done and the Inspector his satisfaction.

Bulgaria: Kindergarten at Sofia.* Opened in 1900. Depart­ ments: Kindergarten; Training School. Staff: Misses Elizabeth Clarke and Margaret Haskell (1924), 2 teachers in the kindergarten and 6 — teachers and lecturers — in the The Near East Missions 79

Training School. Enrolment: Training .School 6, of whom 4 graduated at end of school year; Kindergarten 62. The school publishes a magazine, The Kindergarten.

Constantinople: American School for Girls.* Founded 1885 in Adabazar under the name of “Armenian Girls’ High School” ; closed during the war; reopened in Scutari, September, 1921. De­ partments: Primary School; Secondary School; Kindergarten. Board and tuition $200. Buildings: Two stone buildings connected by a corridor, used for administrative and dormitory purposes; dwell­ ing-house used as dormitory for teachers and 30 girls; part of the Mis­ sion Chapel is used for the kindergarten and the primary grade. Staff: Miss Mary E. Kinney, Principal, Miss Mary W. Riggs, Miss Isabelle Harley, 18 teachers; Miss Elizabeth Lewis gives one day a week to recreation work. Enrolment: Kindergarten 8, Preparatory 144, High School 103, total 255, all but one of whom are Armenian. A two-year Commercial course has been started for Juniors and 10 have enrolled.

Constantinople: Bithynia High School. Founded 1882 by Rev. John Pierce. Moved from Bardezag to Geoz Tepe 1921. De­ partments: Primary School; Secondary School. Board and tuition $233. Buildings: Main Building with annexes; Junior Hall; a mess hut was purchased last summer from the British Sea-Plane Base, moved to Goez Tepe and reconstructed and the first floor is used as a game room for the boys. Staff: Rev. James P. McNaughton, Principal, Rev. R. Finney Markham, Rev. John H. Kingsbury. Enrolment 67.

Constantinople: Gedik Pasha School.* Founded 1880 by Miss E. J. Gleason. Departments: Primary School; Secondary'School; Kindergarten. Cost for each student $40 a year. Housed in one stone and plaster building. Staff: Miss Ethel W. Putney, Principal, Misses Annie M. Barker, Ellen W. Catlin, Elizabeth L. Lewis, 16 teachers. Enrolment 243. A home opened on the new property gives the larger girls a chance to learn housekeeping. Health education has been emphasized through the co-operation of Miss Hollenbeck, and the American Red Cross Nurse Health plays were presented at a public exhibition. The English department has published a small school paper. 80 The Near East Missions

Constantinople: Gedik Pasha School for Refugees. This is a branch of the Gedik Pasha School and was opened last year in the Evangelical Church. Enrolment 93, of whom 70 pay whole or part tuition.

Constantinople: Language School. Founded 1920 by the American Board. Courses: Languages of the Near East; Lectures on subjects vitally connected with life in the Turkish Empire. Rev. Fred F- Goodsell, Principal. Enrolment 10.

Constantinople: School of Religion. Founded 1922 by the American Board and Robert College. Of university grade. Depart­ ments: Theology; Religious Education; Social Service. Cost per student $175. Buildings: Baker Hall for administrative and class­ room purposes with women’s dormitory on third floor; Boarding Department and Men’s Dormitory two blocks away. Staff: Rev. Fred F- Goodsell, Principal, Rev. Ernest Pye, Dr. F. W. MacCallum, Rev. Charles T. Riggs (part time), M. L. Rowntree (part time), 1 native teacher. Enrolment: Theology 11; Religious Educa­ tion 8; Social Service 7; total 27. The notable events of the year have been the visits of John R. Mott and Sec. Ernest Riggs. The school has a branch in Athens with ten students under Prof. Levonian. Practi­ cal work has been done in refugee camps and Sunday Schools.

Marash: Central Turkey Girls’ College, f Founded 1882 by W. B. M. I. See Aleppo: “Marash College in Aleppo.”

Marsovan: Anatolia Girls’ School.* Closed in February, 1912. Permission was given to reopen it in January, 1924. Staff: Miss Bertha B. Morley, Miss Emma J. Zbinden, 1 native teacher. Enrolment 10— the same number as at its beginning, 60 years ago. It is hoped a small boarding department may be opened. Half of the pupils are Turkish. Special classes in English have been formed for groups of young men in the city, and Miss Willard is teaching English to some of the young officials.

Publications: In Bulgaria two periodicals are published, The Kindergarten and the Zornitza, edited by Rev. R. H. Markham. In Constantinople the Publication Department printed 4,929,500 pages during the year in Armenian, Greek, Armeno-Turkish, Turkish; over The Near East Missions 81

32,563 volumes were sold. A noteworthy publication is a Life of Florence Nightingale, a translation of a new Life written by Miss C. E. Padwick. It will have a special interest for Turkish readers because of the work she did in Scutari.

Salonica, Greece: Anatolia College. Opened January 23, 1924 in rented building; two buildings, formerly military hospital wards, rented as dormitory and dining-room. Course: that of the former College; four forms. Staff: Rev. George E. White, Rev. J. Riggs Brewster, Mr. Dana Getchell, 1 Englishman, 3 Greeks, 1 Armenian. Enrolment 60, of whom 31 are boarders. Self-help industries have been started; every student who receives aid must render some form of manual labor as part payment. Most of the students are refugees; of the boarders 8 are practically homeless, 23 absolutely homeless. Two schools have been started in the refugee camps, with 360 children and 5 refugee teachers. It is wonderful to see the change a few weeks of school make in the faces of these ragged youngsters.

Salonica: Girls’ School. Founded 1914 by the W. B. M. I. Departments: Primary; Preparatory English; English; High School. Buildings: One two-story building; an apartment of five small rooms; three barnlike rooms built originally for cocooneries; a one-story house with three tiny rooms; two shacks unfit for habitation; two cellars and a wash-house. Staff: Misses Lena L. Lietzau, Grace M. Elliott, Mary E. Arnold (1924), Sadie E. Watton (1924). Enrolment 325; 55 are in the high school, 32 are boarders. Most of the desks ‘are made of condensed milk boxes. There is no reference library. But a high grade of work is being done. Seven graduated in June. Mr. Gentle-Cackett of the Bible Lands Missions Aid Society erected a temporary barracks which accommodates 159.

Salonica: Thessalonica Agricultural and Industrial Institute. Founded 1902 as an independent institution by Dr. House and Dr. Haskell; incorporated under the laws of the State of New York in 1904; recognized by Turkish Irade 1907 and by a royal decree of the Greek Government in 1918. The American Board has supplied a teacher most of the time. Grade: Secondary School. Departments: Aca­ demic; Agricultural; Industrial. Buildings: James Hall; dining- 82 The Near East Missions hall; farmer’s house; blacksmith shop, barn, granary storehouse; electric plant and water stations; Ellen M. Stone Infirmary 1922; Kinnaird House, 1922; Memorial Dormitory, 1923. Staff: Rev. John Henry House, Principal, Mr. Charles L. House, Miss Ruth E. House, Mr. Malcom R. Irwin. Enrolment 68.

Smyrna: American Collegiate Institute.* Founded 1877 by Miss Maria West. In the fall of 1922 the buildings were destroyed by fire and the pupils, together with most of the Christian population of the city became refugees in Greece. Some are attending the American Junior College for Girls in Athens. Miss Olive Greene returned in 1923 to Smyrna and opened a school for Turkish girls with 16 pupils in a rented house. This past year it has moved back to Geuz Tepe with classes in a gate lodge and small house on the Institute grounds and boarders in a rented house on the quay. Enrolment 81 of whom 76 are Turks and 5 Jews, 27 are boys and 53, girls. Miss Greene has been assisted byMiss Ilse C. Pohl and Mrs. Cass Reed.

Smyrna: International College. Beginning with a boys’ school opened 1879 by Miss Maria West, organized in 1891 by Dr. MacLachlan, it was incorporated under the laws of Massachusetts in 1903. Departments: College; College Preparatory; Agricultural. Board and tuition $260. Buildings: The old college in town comprises 3 large buildings and a residence; on the main campus are MacLachlan Hall, Gymnasium, Auditorium, President’s House, 7 residences, annex, laundry, garage, 2 gate lodges, all of stone, 1912-13; Community House, farm buildings, 1921; Administration Building of Agricultural Department and Laboratory, 1922. The College reopened after the Smyrna Disaster of 1922 on October 1, 1923. Staff: Dr. Alexander MacLachlan, President, Rev. Cass Arthur Reed, Dean, Rev. J. Kingsley Birge and Messrs. Caleb W. Lawrence, Samuel L. Caldwell, Kenneth P. Kirkwood, Archie H. MacFarlane, Charles Van Zanten, 4 British or European, and 4 Turkish, teachers. Enrolment 130 of whom 90% are Moslems. The College maintains a clinic for Moslem refugees.

Social Service: The foundations of the Community Hearth in Sofia were laid in the summer of 1924. Miss Brauer is carrying on a Playground in Adana. Twenty poor old ladies are given a home in The Near East Missions 83

Marash. There are night schools and a great deal of work among refugees that does not come technicallyunder the name of social service but is so in reality.

Tarsus: St. Paul’s College. Founded 1887 by Colonel Elliot F. Shepard of New York. Transferred to the American Board in 1903. Departments (1923-24); Kindergarten, Academy, College. Buildings: 4 school buildings; 3 small buildings. Staff: Rev. and Mrs. Paul E. Nilson, Mr. Roger Matteson, Mrs. Emily Bloch, 9 native teachers. Enrolment 205. Of these 5 were in the college department of which but one year’s course has been given.

MEDICAL

Adana: International Hospital. Dr. Cyril H. Haas, Dr. William L. Nute, Miss Hazel K. Hotson, R. N., Miss Mary C. Webb, 1 native physician, 3 nurses. There is a Nurses’ Training School with 4 pupils. In-patients 311; new dispensary patients 3027, total treat­ ments 40,300; major operations 127. Sixteen nationalities were in­ cluded in the number treated; two-thirds were Turks.

Aintab: Azariah Smith Memorial Hospital. Organized in 1884 as Medical Department of Central Turkey College by Dr. F- D. Shepard who remained in charge till his death in 1915. Capacity 100 beds. Cost of maintaining a bed $300. Buildings: Azariah Smith Memorial Hospital; Marston Dispensary; Shepard Memorial; Parker House; Dry-house, Khan, etc., all of cream-colored dressed limestone. Staff: Dr. Caroline F. Hamilton, Dr. Charles C. Piper (British), Dr. Lorrin A. Shepard, Miss Louise Clarke (on furlough, March 1924-), Miss Theda B. Phelps, 1 nurse, 7 assistants. The hospital was closed October 8,1923 because Dr. Shepard did not have a Turkish license, and reopened Feb. 13, 1924 on Dr. Piper’s arrival. In-patients 205; new dispensary patients 3170; total treatments over 10,000, 185 major operations, 188 minor.

Talas: American Hospital. Dr. Charles E. Clark with Mrs. Lillian Cole Sewny, 1 native physician, 3 nurses, 2 assistants. Clinics were opened in October, so the recorded number of patients is small. Inpatients 10; new dispensary patients 451; total treatments 700. Missions in India and Ceylon From the Annual Report for 1924 Stations: — Location and Special Work of Missionaries

MARATHI MISSION

Bombay (1813). — Rev. James F. Edwards: English Editor of the Dnyanodaya; evangelistic work. Rev. Alden H. Clark: Community welfare work. Mrs. Mary W. Clark, Miss Emily R. Bissell: Liter­ ary work and visiting among women. Miss Anna L. Millard: In charge of the School for the Blind. Miss Ruth V. Simpson: Girls’ High School and city schools. Mrs. Katherine V. Gates: Work for women and girls. Miss Aitnee E. Krook: Language study, educational work.

Ahmednagar (1831). — Robert A. Hume, D.D.: General evangel­ istic and literary work. Mrs. Kate F. Hume: General evangelistic work; Bible women. Henry Fairbank, D. D.: Principal of the Di­ vinity College. Mrs. Mary E. Fairbank: Farrar Schools for Hindu girls. Ruth P. Hume, M. D.: Physician in the American Hospital. Rev. Arthur A. McBride: In charge of Boys’ High School and industrial work; Mission treasurer. Mrs. Elizabeth V- McBride. Rev. Wilbur S. Deming: Principal of the Union Normal Training School. Mrs. Elsie S. Deming: Women’s work. Miss Gertrude Harris: Principal of Bible Training School. Miss Clara H. Bruce: Principal of Girls’ High School. Miss Gertrude S. Avery: Language study, educational work. Miss G. Marion Holland: Nurse.

Simr (1841). — Rev.Edward W. Felt: Evangelistic and educational work. Mrs. Rachel C. Felt: Work for women.

Satara (1849). — Rev. William H. McCance; Mrs. Mary B. McCance: Evangelistic and educational work. Miss L. Lillian Picken: Women’s evangelistic work. Miss Carolyn D. Smiley: Evangelistic and educational work.

Vadala (1857). — Rev. Edward Fairbank: Evangelistic and educa­ tional work in station and district. Mrs. Mary C. Fairbank: Evangel­ istic work for women; educational work. 84 Missions in India and Ceylon 85

Rahuri (1860). — Rev. William Hazen: Mission Secretary; Evangelistic work in station and district. Mrs. Florence H. Hazen: Women’s and school work.

Sholapur (1862). — Rev. Richard S. Rose: Boys’ Station School; in charge of Barsi and Mogalai District work. Mrs. Isabella S. Rose: City Schools. Miss Esther B. Fowler: Principal of the Woronoco Girls’ School. Miss M. Louise Wheeler: Principal of the Mary B. Harding Kindergarten Training School. Miss Ella C. Hoxie: Educa­ tional work in Criminal Tribes Settlement. Miss Elizabeth Cairns: Language Study; social service work.

Panchgani (1879). —■ Mrs. Hepsibeth P. Bruce: Retired Mission­ ary. Wai (1892).— Lester H. Beals, M .D .; Mrs. Rose F. Beals, M. D.: Physicians in hospital; general medical work. Walter F. Hume, M .D .; Mrs. Florence M. Hume: Physician in hospital; medical work. Miss Jean P. Gordon: In charge of station and village schools; Bible Women; Widows’ Home and Orphanage. Miss Ruth A. Andrews: Nurse; training of nurses.

Barsi (1913). —

On Furlough. — Rev. William 0. Ballantine, M. D.; Mrs. Jose­ phine L. Ballantine; Rev. Joseph L. Moulton; Mrs. Florence H. Moulton; Mrs. Annie H. Burr; Miss Elizabeth Johnson; Miss Mar­ garet S. Welles; Miss Belle Nugent.

Associated with the Mission. — (Ahmednagar) Mr. James S. Parker; Mr. Wendell C. Wheeler: Instructors in Boys’ High School. Miss Grace F. Woods; Miss Ruby M. Phillips; Miss Marion J. Beman: Teachers in Girls’ School. Mr. S. Smith: Industrial worker. (Bombay) Harriet J. Clark, M. D.: Physician in Dispensary. (Sholapur) Mr. and Mrs. H. H. Strutton: Criminal Tribes Settle­ ment. Miss Fulcher: Work for Zenana Bible and Medical Mission. Miss Clara G. Labaree: Teacher in Girls’ School. The force on the field is larger, for only four missionaries have come for furlough while eight have returned to the Mission. Rev. Alden Clark came to America for a few months in 1924-1925, to raise funds for the Community work in Bombay. Mrs. Frances H. Gates and Miss E. Loleta Wood are remaining permanently in America. 86 Missions in India and Ceylon

Mr. Charles H. Burr died at Berea, Kentucky, on May 3, 1924, while on furlough. Mrs. Edith H. Smith died at Ahmednagar on February 13, 1924. Mr. and Mrs. Hazen are temporarily at Rahuri until their permanent location is determined by the Mission. Mr. and Mrs. Clark will take up community work in Bombay. Mr. and Mrs. McCance have been transferred from Vadala to Satara. The new appointees for the year are Miss Elizabeth Cairns who will be located at Sholapur for social service work among the criminal tribes, Miss Gertrude S. Avery who is to teach in the Girls’ School in Ahmednagar and Miss Marion J. Beman, under term engagement, who is also teaching in the Ahmednagar Girls’ School.

Statistics (1923). — There are 9 stations; 146 outstations in a field having a population of 1,980,000. The missionaries: 13 ordained men; 2 unordained; 15 wives; 21 single women; total 51; associate workers 12. The Indian force includes 31 ordained preachers; 34 unordained preachers; 262 men teachers; 137 women teachers; 45 Bible women; 130 other workers; total workers 639. The Christian work is carried on in 170 places of regular meeting and 70 organized churches of which 9 are self-supporting ; in 156 Sunday Schools with a membership of 7,643; and in 38 Christian Endeavor Societies with a membership of 2,045. During the year, 368 were added to the roll by confession and 94 by letter making a total of 462. The total member­ ship at the end of the year was 9,116. The Christians live in 394 villages. The total Christian community numbers 16,343. The educa­ tional work shows 5 theological and training schools with 112 students; 8 secondary schools with 707 boys and 207 girls making a total of 914; 161 primary schools with 4,093 boys and 2,278 girls, making a total of 6,371; 22 kindergartens with 509 boys and 422 girls; total pupils 931; 5 industrial schools with 245 pupils. The total schools are 201 with 5,332 boys and 2,995 girls. There are 44 others receiving education making a grand total of 7,271. The medical work is carried on in two hospitals with 1)739 patients, and 6 dispensaries where the new patients were 24,992 and the total treatments 52,284. The patients divided according to religion are as follows: Hindus 38,625; Mohammedans 4,021; Christians 8,555; Jews 197; others 886. The contributions from the Christian community to Christian work amounted to $4,399; to educational $4,519, making a total of $8,918. The government grants to the different schools totaled $14,804. Missions in India and Ceylon 87

MADURA MISSION

Central Local Council (1834)

Madura, Pasumalai and Tirumangalam (West)

Madura. — Rev. William W. Wallace: Principal of the American College. Mrs. Genevieve T. Wallace. Mr. Edgar M. Flint: Teacher of chemistry and physics in the American College. Mrs. Susanna Q. Flint. Rev. James H. Hess: Teacher of English Literature, American College. Mrs. Mildred W. Hess. Rev. Albert J. Saunders: Teacher of economics in the American College. Mrs. Jessie M. Saunders. Mr. L. Curtis Guise: Teacher of history in American College. Mrs. Nellie B. Guise. Mr. James H. Lawson: Chairman of the Building Committee; Mission treasurer. Mrs. Frances E. Lawson. Miss Eva M. Swift: Principal of the Lucy Perry Noble Bible Training School. Miss Mary T. Noyes: Principal of Capron Hall Schools. Miss Mary M. Rogers: Nurse; training of nurses. Miss Mary M. Root: In charge of the Bible Women’s work in Madura and city villages. Miss Katie Wilcox: Teacher in the Training School, Capron Hall. Edward W. Wilder, M. D.: Physician in Albert Victor Hospital; Mrs. Harriet W- Wilder. Miss Grace M. Rood: Language study, Nurse. Miss Florence T. Swan: Language study, kindergartner.

Pasumalai. — John J. Banninga, D. D.: Principal of the Union Theological Seminary; Mission secretary. Mrs. Mary D. Banninga. Rev. John X. Miller: Manager of the Pasumalai Schools. Mrs. Martha V. Miller: Educational work. Rev. James H. Dickson: Mana­ ger of Trade School and Lenox Press. Mrs. Frances H. Dickson: In charge of Kindergarten Department of Training School. Mr. Lloyd L. Lorbeer: Principal of the Normal Training School. Mrs. Elva H. Lorbeer. Rev. Bryan S. Stoffer; Mrs. Freida P. Staffer: Educational work.

Tirumangalam. — Rev. Raymond A. Dudley: Evangelistic work in the Local Council. Mrs. Katherine C. Dudley: Boarding School work. 88 Missions in India and Ceylon

East Local Council (1835)

(Manamadura and Melur)

Manamadura. — Rev. C. Stanley Vaughan: Chairman Madura Church Council; in charge of Leper Asylum. Mrs. Harriet P. Vaughan, M. D.: Medical work. Rev. Clarence E. Wolsted: Evangelis­ tic work in Local Council. Mrs. Mabel E. Wolsted: Station Boarding School.

North Local Council (1836)

(Dindigul and Palni)

Dindigul. — Rev. Willis P. Elwood: Evangelistic work in Local Council. Mrs. Agnes A. Elwood: Supervision of schools and Bible women.

Palni. — Rev. Edward P. Holton: Evangelistic work in Local Council. Mrs. Gertrude M. Holton.

South Local Council (1838)

(Aruppukottai, Tirumangalam East and Kamuthi)

Aruppukottai. — Rev. Azel A. Martin: Evangelistic work in the Local Council; in charge of Bates Evangelistic work. Mrs. Emma W. Martin: Boarding School work. Miss Catherine S. Quickenden: In charge of Woman’s Department. Miss Bertha K. Smith: Associate in work for Bible women and Hindu Girls’ Schools.

West Local Council (1839)

(Kodaikanal, Periakulam, and Battalagundu)

Kodaikanal. — Rev. John E. Chandler: Principal of Language School. Mrs. Henrietta S. Chandler. Mrs. Fanny S. Tracy: Over­ sight of Bible Women.

Battalagundu. — Missions in India and Ceylon 89

Inter-Mission Work

Bangalore. — Rev. David S. Herrick: Professor in United Theo­ logical College. Mrs. Dency T. Herrick.

Madras. — Miss Edith M. Coon: Vice Principal of Women’s Christian College. Miss Gertrude E. Chandler: Principal of Kinder­ garten Department, Women’s Christian Training College.

Vellore. —

On Furlough.-—Mrs. Capitola M. Jeffery: Rev. EmmonsE. White: Mrs. Ruth P. White; Rev. Edward L. Nolting; Mrs. Ida W. Nolting; Katherine B. Scott, M. D.; Mrs. Harriet S.Zumbro.

Associated with the Mission. — (Madura) Miss Lila F. Wyman; Miss Hatty Brown: Teachers in Capron Hall School. Dr. Ellen Shmotin: Medical work in Woman’s Hospital. Mrs. Jeffery and Mrs. Zumbro are remaining in America, but the others on furlough have returned to the Mission. Dr. and Mrs. Chandler have located in Kodaikanal and Miss Chandler has gone to Madras. Mr. and Mrs. Nolting and Dr. Katherine Scott have come for regular furloughs. The new missionaries under life appointment are Miss Grace M. Rood and Miss Florence T. Swan, now engaged in language study, and Miss Lila F. Wyman, who is to teach for three years in the Capron Hall school. Miss Hatty Brown is helping tem­ porarily in the Girls’ School in Madura. Dr. Harriet E. Parker was married to Rev. C. Stanley Vaughan on May 24, 1924. Rev. John X. Miller and Miss Martha M. Van Allen were married on December 3, 1924. Rev. Franklin E. Jeffery died at Lorain, O., June 28, 1924; he was killed by a tornado.

STATISTICS (1923). — 10 stations; 393 outstations; population of field 2,575,000. The missionaries: 18 ordained and 5 men unor­ dained; 21 wives; 16 single women; total missionaries 60; associate workers 3. The native force includes 29 ordained preachers; 125 unordained preachers; 336 men teachers; 247 women teachers; 89 Bible women; 84 other workers: total workers 910. Christian serv­ ices are maintained in 393 places of regular meeting. Villages in which there are Christians number 605; organized churches 32; com- 90 Missions in India and Ceylon

.municants 9,142, of which 4,447 are men and 4,695 are women. Total number added to churches during the year 867 of which 480 were by confession, 340 by letter, and 47 by restoration to the roll. The net gain in membership was 128. The total Christian Community num­ bers 26,724, a gain of 585. There are 281 Sunday Schools with a membership of 10,459 and 444 teachers; 362 Christian Endeavor So­ cieties with a membership of 10,105. The average Sunday attendance at service is 14,794. In connection with the evangelistic work of the churches there were 57 itineracies in which 1,382 villages were visited and the message was given to 129,954 hearers. The Bible women had on their records 4,001 names; 3,326 were under instruction and they had 105,333 hearers. The educational work in the Mission is carried on in 5 theological and training schools with 413 students; 1 college with 459 students; two secondary schools with 944 pupils; 303 pri­ mary schools with 14,163 pupils, which include 5 boarding schools with 707 pupils; 20 Hindu Girls’ Schools with 1,609 pupils, and 275 village schools with 12,289 pupils; total under instruction 15,979. The medical work is maintained in 3 hospitals, in which there were 2,192 patients and 3 dispensaries with 26,925 patients. The total treat­ ments 64,830. The book distribution shows 461 Bibles sold or given away; 253 Testaments; 6,221 Bible portions and 58,750 tracts and hand bills. The contributions of the Christian community for Christian work were $9,356, and for education $22,761, making a total of $32,117.

CEYLON MISSION

Vaddukoddai (1817). — Rev. John Bicknell: President of Jaffna College. Mrs. Nellie L. Bicknell: Work for students. Mr. Carl W. Phelps: Teacher of science in Jaffna College. Mrs. Mary M. Phelps.

Manepay (1831) — William J. Jameson, M. D.: In charge of Green Hospital. Mrs. Gladys T. Jameson. Mrs. Clara P. Brown: General evangelistic work.

Uduvil (1831). — Miss Lulu G. Bookwalter: Principal of the Girls’ Boarding School. Miss Lucy K. Clark: Kindergarten work in the Girls’ Boarding School. Miss Grace M. Vining: Miss Christiana Hodgdon: Language study; educational work. Mr. William W. Hitchcock: Mission Treasurer; General work. Mrs. Hattie H. Hitch­ cock: In charge of Bible women. Missions in India and Ceylon 91

Inuvil (1831). — Miss Susan R. Howland: Evangelistic work for women. Isabella H. Curr, M. D.: Physician in charge of McLeod Hospital.

Tellippallai (1831). — Mr. Arthur A. Ward: In charge of printing press, Boy’s Boarding School, industrial work. Mrs. Alice B. Ward.

Uduppiddi (1847) . ■— Rev. Charles W. Miller: In charge of station and boarding schools; oversight of vernacular education; mission secretary. Mrs. Edith C. Miller.

On Furlough. —

Associated with the Mission. (Vaddukoddai) Rev. and Mrs. Max. H. Harrison: Science teacher in Jaffna College. (Inuvil) Miss Louisa M. Stenborn: Superintendent of nurses, McLeod Hospital. Mr. and Mrs. Bicknell have returned to Vaddukoddai, so all the missionaries are on the field. Mr. Edward Nichols and Miss Alice Vogt, who were on term service, are returning to America. No new missionaries were appointed during 1924.

STATISTICS (1923). — Six stations; 41 outstations; population of the field 190,000. Missionaries; 1 ordained; 5 unordained; 6 wives; 7 single women; total missionaries 19; associate workers 3. The Native forces number 11 ordained preachers; 11 unordained preachers; 315 men teachers; 169 women teachers; 30 Bible women; 63 other workers; total workers 565. The native church is represented in 47 places of regular meeting, where there are 21 organized churches, 16 of which are self-supporting. The communicants are 2,594, of which 86 were added to the roll during the year, a net increase of 79. The total constituency is 15,127. There are 59 Sunday Schools with a membership of 3,070 and 16 Christian Endeavor Societies with a membership of 445. The educational work: 1 college with 12 students; 13 secondary schools, with 1,683 boys and 666 girls; 92 primary schools with 5,448 boys and 4,236 girls; 5 kindergartens with 309 pupils; total schools 111 with 12,545 under instruction. The native contribu­ tions to church work amounted to $9,120; for educational work $19,335; for other objects $2,066; total contributions $30,611. There are 2 hospitals which took care of 3,328 patients; 3 dispensaries with 12,163 patients; total treatments 26,656. In the publication work pages printed on the Mission Press were over 2,000,000. 92 Missions in India and Ceylon

STATISTICAL SUMMARY FOR INDIA AND CEYLON

Stations 25; outstations 579; population of the field 4,745,000. The missionaries: ordained 32; unordained 12; wives 42; single women 42, total missionaries 130; associate workers 18. The native force: ordained preachers 71, unordained preachers 170; teachers 1,466; Bible women 164; other workers 277; total workers 2,144. The Church: places of regular meeting 610; organized churches 123; communicants 20,852; added last year 1,415; total constituency 58,194. The Sunday Schools 496 with a membership of 21,172. Christian Endeavor Societies 416 with 12,595 members. The educational work: Theological and training schools 10; students 525; colleges 2, students 471; secondary schools 23, pupils 4,207; primary schools 556, pupils 30,218; kindergartens 27, pupils 1,240; total schools 623; total under instruction 35,795. The native contributions: for Christian work $22,965. for education $46,615; for other purposes $2,066; total $71,646. Medical work: Hospitals 7; in-patients 7,259; dispensaries 12; patients 63,980; total treatments 143,770.

INDIA AND CEYLON

The year 1923 may be characterized as one of lessened turbulence in the India and Ceylon fields. The tale of flood, famine or plague which sooften shadows the reports from these fields is notably absent this year, though one of the districts of the Marathi Mission, Satara, was ravaged for months by a terrible epidemic of Bubonic plague. Both Satara City and the many villages of the district were enveloped in the fresh tragedy of this experience. Light in the midst of the prevailing dark­ ness came from the faithful and effective service of Indian workers, generous gifts of the friends in the homeland who made it possible to carry on mission work successfully for the year, and the astonishing fact that every member of the small Christian community escaped from the scourge. The plague was the means of opening many hearts to the good news of the Gospel and many homes to the help of the Christian nurse trained in the Ahmednagar hospital, whose efforts as compounder, dispenser and nurse brought relief to over seven thousand patients that year. The year was one of relief not only on account of the general im­ munity from physical disasters, but also because of the improved Missions in India and Ceylon 93 situation in political and social relations. The freeing of Gandhi from his imprisonment released him to renew his agitation and his marvelous leadership of India’s millions. Happily, though reaffirming his unre­ lenting purpose to free India from submission to foreign rule and from the adoption of foreign manners and materials, he set himself yet more determinedly to prevent violent resistance and devoted his energies particularly to the task of allaying the outbreak of antagonism between Hindus and Moslems. He even announced terms on which he would co-operate with government provided it would take satisfactory stand against the opium and drink traffic in India. The division which took place between the more moderate and more radical parties, resulting in securing control of the All India Congress by the more radical or “Swaraj” party under the leadership of Mr. C. R. Das, has tended to lessen somewhat the adoring devotion to Gandhi of a united India. India’s unrelenting purpose to control her own affairs is still in evidence. At present it reveals itself by more gradual and law-abiding methods than a few years ago. Meanwhile the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms are being put in operation and are gaining time for working out, with the result steadier and more conciliatory counsels are prevailing among those who are ready to follow the more moderate leaders. Ceylon with her different government and relation to the British Empire has not been so subject to revolutionary outbreaks or to such fierce agita­ tion; yet the nationalist movement is strong there also and has made itself felt in demonstrations of one sort and another; in Ceylon also it has been in many ways a quieter year politically and socially. The general relaxing of tension has been felt also in the sphere of missionary work. In recent years the stirrings of the nationalist spirit provoked some antagonism of views and even personal asperities between missionaries and Christian leaders of the land, which affected mission meetings and the conduct of mission work, particularly in the Marathi field. Improvement in the national situation has been reflected in improved conditions within the Christian circle, so that these missions report a year of re-established friendliness and co­ operation and of a renewed effort to find a common mind and a united heart in the development of the work. All the missions report a year of enlarging opportunity before the established obstacles with which they have to contend. These ob­ stacles are, as is well known, many and varied. The division of the people by language, religion and caste constitutes a primary difficulty. Though caste is slowly breaking, still the separations which it makes 94 Missions in India and Ceylon between the people are a constant hindrance to the advance of the Gospel. The superstitious and oftentimes fanatical zeal with which the Indian clings to his religion in spite of its failure to meet his needs or to satisfy his wants, is another obstacle. The recent booklet issued by the Madura Mission depicting conditions in South India has for its opening picture a portrayal of a South Indian festival which was attended by 700,000 people who came from all parts of the country at great cost of toil and sacrifice in the hope of finding rest for their souls. Of India’s 318,000,000 inhabitants, only 4,754,000 can now be re­ ported as Christian. Of the rest, 65,000,000 are Mohammedans and the others Hindus; and of the Hindus there are 5,000,000 holy men who wander from temple to temple begging their food, living off the people, many of them grossly immoral and a degrading influence. Of course this is not true of all; some sincere, religiously minded and devoted men are among them; but taken as a whole these holy men are a physical and moral drain on the life of India and they number more today than all the Christians in the land. Poverty and illiteracy are twin burdens that hold down the great masses of India and make more difficult the ministry of Christianity to them. Unable to read, under­ nourished, and in constant struggle for a mere living, they are hardly able to give serious and spiritual consideration to the message of the Gospel. Bowed down by superstition, driven by fear, the religion they have known has not prepared them quickly to accept the Gospel of the love of God in Christ Jesus.

THE MARATHI MISSION

The annual report of the Marathi Mission for 1923 bears on its cover the representation of a milestone with the inscription “ Indian Leadership, 110 Miles.” The interpretation of this symbol as ex­ plained in the preface is that in the year 1923, the 110th year of the history of the American Marathi Mission, it was recognized that the Indian Christian had come to hold the important place in the work of extending the Kingdom of God in India. Never before in the Mission’s history had there been so much responsibility, financial and adminis­ trative, resting upon Indian leaders. The first section of the report is given to a survey of the Indian Mission Board, the latest and most outright effort to pass over into the care, principally of Indian Christians, the direction of church life Missions in India and Ceylon 95 and development and the conduct of the Christian movement in the several districts of the Mission. Mention was made in last year’s report of the creation of this Indian Mission Board consisting of nine members, only two of whom are American missionaries, the rest being ministers and teachers of the Indian community. It has not been an easy or a quick matter to get this Board organized and operating satisfactorily. Loyal effort has been made, however, on the part of the men appointed, to assume their responsibilities and to fulfil them. As might have been expected, the financial difficulty has been the great­ est. The raising of a portion of the funds to administer the various church and school organizations — such as the forty-one village schools with over 1,000 pupils — was no small task. The collections made by the Board from the Indian community fell short of the amount budgeted for the year 1923. That, however, is a situation which it is hoped may be overcome as experience grows and as the organization becomes more complete and efficient. It is planned to have one of the members of this Board its executive secretary, giving all his time to the field. Good results are indicated in the Board’s first annual report which reviews the work accomplished in the several districts. In keeping with this emphasis on the work of the Indian Mission Board leaders is the recognition of the service of individual Indian leaders. During the absence of Mr. and Mrs. Hazen on furlough, Mr. T. Buell was made principal of the Bombay High School and has proved his ability and devotion by the very satisfactory way in which he has conducted that school, effecting economies in its administration and securing still wider interest and support for it from Indian patrons. The securing of Rev. R. S. Modak as the pastor of the large Ahmed- nagar church is noted with appreciation, and there is a tribute to the passing of an Indian patriarch who had worked for fifty-seven years in Ahmednagar and Vadala, the Rev. Shetiba Gaikwad, who died Octo­ ber 31, 1923 ■— a tribute so illustrative of the way the Christian spirit at its best is reproduced in humble men and ivomen in these mission lands that it deserves reproduction here: “ The source of his power was not in birth and social position, for he came from the humblest class; it was not in education, for he had only a normal school education, followed by a course at the theological seminary after he had proved his character and ability as a teacher. Both courses were in the vernacular, for he had not a word of the English usually thought so neces­ sary for reaching a place of position and wide influence. His power came, instead, from the fact that he had utterly consecrated 96 Missions in India and Ceylon

his natural good abilities along practical lines to the service of the Master he loved, and to the Master’s children. There was no little child he did not notice, no home in which he was not a common visitor in joy or sorrow, no matter too small for him to give it his most careful attention, no man or woman in trouble whom he did not help, no confidence which he ever broke. His love for the individual made him keen to the needs of the com­ munity. Recognizing the value of organization, he constantly pondered over plans for the development of the Indian church and community, bringing for the solution of their problems wis­ dom that was sought by all. “ He must have known the esteem in which he was held, but he gave no sign of feeling it as a personal honor. He never asked for pay commensurate with his labors, but was content with what kept him and his wife, a true helpmeet, in simple comfort. From their home they have sent out a family of children who hold positions of trust throughout Western India. “ The tribute of missionaries who have spent twenty- five years in close contact with him is that they have seen in him no ignoble ambition nor trait of character; as a Christian leader, as a friend, and as a member of the community, he has measured up to the highest tests for wise judgment, sympathy, tact and spiritual insight.”

Along with this development of the Indian church in its leader­ ship and activities is reported a widening of scope and a drawing out of Indian initiative and responsibility in school work. Harris Hall, the dormitory of the important boys’ high school at Ahmednagar, has adopted a system of self-government for the boys who are combined into clubs with a council composed of thirteen squad leaders and the head master and the principal. The discipline of the school has been greatly improved thereby. In connection with the high schools and even the village schools, the addition of the girl guide and boy scout movement is developing the resources and the character of the pupils. Indian boys and girls take heartily to organizations of this sort which benefit them in many ways, breaking down caste, training them in team work creating a sense of comradeship and fair play. Various clubs and societies among boys and girls are noted, particularly the Christian Volunteers of India, an organization like the Student Volun­ teers in America, organized two years ago in the Ahmednagar Union Training School. This band has already sent about fifteen boys into Christian service and had a membership last year.of twenty-one. In each of the station reports emphasis is laid upon the work of the village schools, in which efforts to develop the character and resource­ Missions in India and Ceylon 97 fulness of the pupils are being stressed. Mention is made of one of these schools, sample of those in a hundred little villages, where thirty- five children from every caste in the village are gathered into the mud- walled schoolhouse. The teacher and his wife have a wonderful hold on the people. Through that one school, over a hundred have been brought to the knowledge of Christ and a church has been established. The Mission’s experiment in working for criminal tribes at the settlement established seven years ago, has been in operation long enough now to show definite and gratifying results. Seven years ago it looked like a criminal tribes settlement, and robberies often traceable to its occupants were common in Sholapur. The men found their chief pleasure in booze, the women quarreled with each other and urged the men to fight, the air was full of foul and noisy abuse. Drunkenness, quarreling, robbery, though not yet altogether things of the past, are rare now. The testimony of the police is that thieving and dis­ orders are decreasing; no settler’s name appeared on the list of a gang recently caught robbing on the railway, a fact which was accounted as a triumph. Sunday services at the settlement are attended by those whose idea of worship a few years ago was to indulge in fanatical orgies with violence and intoxication. Men now wag their heads in sym­ pathy with the Gospel truths. In general the necessity of interpreting the Gospel message in social relations and by application to all the community life is acutely recognized. With the increasing industrialism, not only in Bombay itself but in Sholapur, and the prospective spreading of factory life into these and other places, the Mission feels the necessity of doing some­ thing to apply the Gospel principles to the lives of those who are being caught in the pressure of this industrial development. To improve conditions, to provide decent and healthful recreation, to offer places of resort under good influence, and to extend the hand of Christian kindness and goodwill, is an adaptation of the Christian ministry which is recognized as imperative now in these new conditions. The movement to establish a social settlement or community house in Bombay, which has been under consideration now for several years but which was delayed by the lamented death of Mr. Lindstrom, has been revived. Plans which were studied and formed in 1923 are being pushed in 1924 towards the raising of the funds and the starting of the enterprise. Among the significant events of 1923 was the opening of the Abbott Memorial Children’s Ward in the hospital at Wai. This ward, 98 Missions in India and Ceylon the gift of Rev. Justin E. Abbott, a former member of the Marathi Mission, is a memorial to Mrs. Abbott, who labored with him in India and who died during a visit they were making to the Mission in 1921. Mrs. Abbott’s notable love for children and concern for their welfare enrich this memorial which is now rendering its gracious help to suffering children under the conduct of the Doctors Beals. The Mission is happy in two developments of union work in its fields: first, the sharing in the conduct of what is now the Ahmedna- gar “United” Divinity College by the Free Church Mission, one of its members, the Rev. R. B. Douglas, being on the Board of instruction of the College; second, within the year what is called the “ big out­ standing event” for the Union Training School was the coming of two more missions into its organization. The American Presbyterian Mission and the Church Missionary society have officially joined this organization and have each appointed a representative on the govern­ ing board besides agreeing to keep five or more pupils in the school. In June an important conference expressed appreciation of the work done by this school and recommended that all the missions of Western India co-operate in its conduct.

THE MADURA MISSION

“The King’s business requires haste” is the message that comes from Madura accompanying a picture of eleven motorcars with their mis­ sionary and Indian occupants lined up on New Year’s Sunday of 1924 for a tour among the twenty-five villages around Madura City where services were held for Christians in the churches and for non-Christians in the open air. More than thirty meetings were held, with 1,500 people hearing the Gospel that morning. The picture and the story are symbolic of the fact that missionary work is speeding up year by year in the mission field. The motorcar today in India is said to be the only solution of the problem of time, distance and heat. One can go farther, stay longer, and be back sooner when traveling by that method; and Indian missions must be motor-driven to keep up with the pro­ cession, for India itself is awake and alert. There is new and increasing movement among the masses of India’s multitudes. Madura has several special classes that are advancing rapidly. Around one station, Palni, thousands of the shoemaker caste are seeking to rise in the social and industrial scale. At Usilampatti a Robber caste is abandoning that pursuit and turning to education as the Missions in India and Ceylon 99 means of making their children respectable members of the community. The prosperous Nadar caste is becoming more numerous in all the trading centers. Many Pallar villages are deliberating about becoming Christian. The Kallars and the Kuravas each in their own area are coming more under the influence of Christian education and example. In anticipation of the centennial of this Mission, now only ten years distant, the Madura Mission is making careful and varied study of its field and work. It finds that despite the long years of work and the varied forms of it, the Mission is still in the midst of a largely unoccupied area. While something like 400,000 of the population are more or less under the influence of the Christian teaching, there remain 2,700,000 who practically never hear the Gospel or see it in practice; not one-tenth of the task is yet being done. Yet it is clear that pro­ gress, real and significant, is being made. The churches making up the Madura Church Council are now self-supporting; normally about 80 per cent of their gifts meet their expenses, the balance being used for evangelistic and school work. A home missionary society is organized for the cultivation of an area of about 400 square miles. About eighty acres of land have been secured from government in two centers for cultivation by the Chris­ tians. This land is not yet made use of, as the people are not able to meet the preliminary expense involved in securing and improving it, but it is a task that is set. Meanwhile work is being done among the various castes and classes such as the Kuravas or Robber caste and the Kavandars, a big group whose chief profession is palmyra climbing. The great change that has come in the attitude of the people is noted. Whereas Christian workers aforetime were beaten and buildings set on fire, now they are everywhere welcomed, people are friendly, glad to be associated with them, and eager to hear the Gospel. The Madura Church Council is the inclusive organization which supervises the work in all the local councils of the districts. It consists of all the ordained missionaries and Indian pastors as ex-officio mem­ bers, and one lay representative from each church, with five co-opted members, a total of eighty-six. This Council has final control over all elementary education and evangelistic work carried on. Within its membership are government officers, trained medical men, college professors, heads of high schools and others of university grade. Its annual budget is $56,000 of which $34,000 is secured in India. In the field of education the village school is of course the least conspicuous or impressive factor, but it is fundamental to the uplifting 100 Missions in India and Ceylon of the masses of India. Of the 315,000,000 people who constitute India it is said that 250,000,000 are living in 700,000 villages with an average population of 360; yet in all India there are only 142,000 primary schools, and of these a large proportion are in the cities. Only one village in seven has a school. The field therefore of village education is wide and open. It is recognized, however, that the missionary movement cannot supply all this need; that government must conduct elementary public education. It is doing that of course, in a measure, and making grants to mission schools, but a larger provision must be made for this field of need. The Mission, however, though unable to supply education for all, is seeking to maintain some schools of such quality and serviceableness as shall make them model schools and shall indicate how a school should be a community center, helping all the life of these little villages. Under the impulse of government appeal and aid the Mission is now giving particular emphasis to Robber caste villages in the Madura district. Government has established 300 village schools within the last three years among these people; of these the Madura Mission manages seventy. In addition it has taken promising pupils from schools under government direction into its station boarding schools, until now there are over 100 such children in the station boarding schools, all of whose expenses for instruction and moral training are met by the government. Mr. White’s gratifying testimony is that of all the Kurava boys admitted to the Aruppukottai school since the beginning of the reformatory work not one has returned to a life of stealing. These station boarding schools are recognized by the Mission as being of immeasurable value as links between the village schools and the higher educational institutions and as giving chance for longer and closer contacts of pupils with the teachers and for the instilling of Christian ideals and life motives. The appeal of the Mission is in­ sistent and justified for extra funds, amounting to $150,000, for the remodeling and re-equipping of these boarding schools at five mission stations where the old and dilapidated buildings are unsanitary, inadequate and indecent for that purpose. Here is an outstanding need of the Madura Mission today. The Mission has developed a superb group of higher educational institutions in Madura City and Pasumalai, its suburb. The Pasumalai group including the high and training school and the trade school is now enlarged by the prospect of a union normal school in which other South India missions shall co-operate for the higher preparation and Missions in India and Ceylon 101

the larger production of teachers to meet school demands over the area. Within the year 1923, the Winchester legacy of $10,000 was secured through the raising of $40,000 more, making a total of $50,000 to provide for a new high school building and other additions to the plant and equipment, enabling it to do better work for its large and increasing body of students. Within the last twenty years, the number of stu­ dents in this school has increased from 450 to 950. Beside it is the trade school which grew out of the manual training department of the Mission, and now, separately established and operated under the care of Mr. Dickson, is forging ahead in its fine service to the boys whose abilities or proclivities run in the direction of manual work rather than merely to the development of the head. The American College in Madura City crowns the system of Mission educational institutions and is making a place for itself as the one American college in India and the leading higher educational institution of its class in Madura district. With its nearly 500 students, its developed departments and affiliation with the University of Madras as a first-grade college, it occupies more and more a commanding place in the educational force in South India. The Madura Mission is well committed to the union idea in educa­ tion, and in this manner is making a large contribution to the various forms of specialized education. The Union Theological Seminary at Pasumalai is the power house from which comes the bulk of the preach­ ers for the Mission area, and through its institutesand conferences keeps its inspirational and educative influence on those who graduate from its courses and get out into active work. The conference of 1923 brought together ministers and laymen who knew English from all parts of South India to consider together the subject of evangelism. The United Theological College at Bangalore provides for a lesser number of more highly educated young men, a theological course from which they go to posts of influence and leadership wide afield. The Madura Mis­ sion also has its representative on the staff of the Woman’s Christian College in Madras and of the Missionary Medical School for Women at Vellore. The work for women in the Mission calls for fuller attention than can be given here. The noble contribution of Capron Hall to the education of young womanhood of the district, the service of the Lucy Perry Noble Institute for women, the Bible Woman’s Department in Madura City, and the ministry to the suffering women and children which is rendered by the fine new woman’s hospital in Madura City, 102 Missions in India and Ceylon all will be set forth in the annual reports of the Woman’s Board of Missions and the Woman’s Board of Missions of the Interior. The work of the Albert Victor Hospital in Madura City went for­ ward with undiminished power in 1923, despite the lamented death in that year of its founder and untiring promoter, Dr. Frank Van Allen. The arrival of Dr. Edward Wilder in the Mission in time to accomplish his language study, and to undertake the responsibility for the conduct of this hospital before Dr. Van Allen succumbed, marks one of the good providences connected with the work of this Mission.

THE CEYLON MISSION

The event of the year 1923 that is first noted is the meeting of the General Assembly of the South India United Church in Jaffna during the month of August. Over 100 delegates from South India were en­ tertained; the blessing of the Assembly and the privilege of sharing in its discussions and entering into its broad view of mission work over the greater area, are gratefully recounted. Perhaps it was under the influence of this meeting or of the preparation made for it, that the year is said to have been one in which the work of the Ceylon Mission was subjected to fresh and more thorough examination, questioning methods and means, and making readjustments where it seemed wise. Reports indicate that there has been an eager desire to read the times aright, to be willing to make changes, and to do things differently from what they have ever been done before. Under this impulse to readjustment, it was thought to facilitate the work of the churches in some places by organizing them into cir­ cuits wherein a strong church with its pastor should take under its care the small churches, giving aid financially as well as giving the services of the pastor when necessary. The plan varied a good deal in the success of its working. In one of the circuits, Tellipallai, it was felt to be a real step forward. There are three organized churches and a school in this circuit. After all bills were paid there was a fair balance to carry forward to the new year, whereas in previous years the smaller churches had to receive a substantial subsidy from the Council. In most of the other ten circuits results were not so satisfactory. For want of effective leadership or because the stronger church was not ready to render the generous help, or the weaker churches were some­ what jealous or sensitive to direction, friction developed that inter­ fered with the working of the plan. It may be that, with use and experi­ Missions in India and Ceylon 103 ence, the plan will yet adapt itself to the task. In this connection is noted the disposition of laymen to take a growing responsibility in the churches as they come to realize that the church work is theirs also. While some pastors accept this help gladly, others are suspicious of an intrusion. It is said that all signs point to the organization of a lay­ men’s movement in the near future, and there is hope that it may prove a great stimulus to the churches. The depressed classes are being given increased attention in some quarters of the Mission. It is to be remembered that in Ceylon the missionary work got its start and its first hold among people of higher castes. Both in church and school this fact is evident and affects the conduct of the work. Whereas in India the depressed classes have been commonly the first and the freest field for work, it has been otherwise in Jaffna. A few pastors and laymen now stand out as men who have upon their hearts the raising of these downtrodden people. It is felt that if more attention were given to this kind of work, mass movements would be possible in many low caste centers. Efforts to bring together the classes in social contacts have not so far proved suc­ cessful, though students from various castes are gathered into the schools and are coming to the churches. It is recognized that though the Jaffna Mission covers a compara­ tively small area, yet there are fields as yet barely touched. Evangelis­ tic visits to the Islands deepen in one’s mind the realization of the remoteness and the loneliness of some of these fields. It is said that an island child brought to one of our boarding schools is never refused, from the feeling that these Islands, so isolated and desolate, must be refreshed by their children. Evangelistic work has gone forward this year with the men and women of the churches taking share in it. Mr. Chelliah has continued his touring with his moving picture machine, showing in place after place the story of the life and death of Christ, and he bears testimony to the impression made upon the Hindus by these pictures. One experiment of the year, from which much was hoped, has not worked out as was desired; namely, the appointment of an executive secretary who was to be a bond of union between the churches, and counselor and friend to all the pastors. Pastor Sinnatambay, with his high character and long experience, was set apart for this work and did his best to fulfil it, though obliged to carry also the pastoral care of his field and the management of twenty-five schools in addition. Un­ fortunately the nature of the task and the method of it were not 104 Missions in India and Ceylon sufficiently understood or appreciated by the churches; to the regret of the missionaries, the salary and expenses of this work were felt by the pastors and members to be an unnecessary outlay of funds available for church life, so that the experiment has not been continued. But it is still believed that the plan is worthy and deserves to be given a fuller and better trial. A notable event of the year was the re-establishment of the Green Memorial Hospital which for twelve years, or since the Drs. Scott left the field, has been without a missionary in charge. It has been kept going by native doctors until now with the coming of Dr. and Mrs. Jameson it is once more under missionary direction. So that with the large Inuvil woman’s hospital under Dr. Curr there are two mission hospitals in operation in Jaffna both under the care of the American Board. Dr. Jameson writes of his appreciation of his field and of the prompt response of the people to the reorganization of the Green Hospital. He urges the need of replenishment in building and equip­ ment after these twelve years, and compares the hospital to a human skeleton which needs flesh and blood to make it alive and keep it going. In the field of education the village schools of Jaffna have been among the notable lines of work in the Mission, so many are they and so large is their student body. Changes are coming with the effort of the government to take over the elementary school. The Hindus and the Roman Catholics are opposed to such government control. The Board’s Mission approves of it, but against the opposition the government proceeds but slowly. Anticipating changes that will come, some of the Mission schools have been closed with the hope of putting the resources that they set free into the helping and improvement of other schools. The higher educational work of Jaffna College and the affiliated eight English high schools is making splendid progress with increasing numbers in the student body and with a fine, loyal spirit on the part of the alumni or “old boys” as they are called. During the year 1923, the principal of Jaffna College, Mr. Bicknell, has been on furlough with his family in the United States. Mr. Harri­ son has been acting principal and reports a year of uneventful but steady growth and attendance. The Uduvil Girls’ School, an institution of which the Woman’s Board of Missions may justly be proud, is carrying on its four separate schools under one control, namely, the Girls’ Training School, the Anglo- vernacular Boarding School, the Practising Anglo-vernacular School, Missions in India and Ceylon 105 and the English School. With over a thousand pupils in all the four, it is a veritable hive of study and training and makes a contribution to the life of Jaffna, the upbuilding of its homes and the development of its womanhood, that is beyond calculation. Institutions of the India and Ceylon Missions

Educational and Social

Ahmednagar: American Mission Girls’ High School* (Mara­ thi). Founded 1838. Departments: Secondary; Primary; Kinder­ garten; Industrial. Board and tuition about $40. Buildings: two large buildings and one small for classes; three large and three small for dormitories — all one-story brick buildings. Staff: Miss Clara H. Bruce, Principal, Mrs. Edith H. Smith (died Feb. 13, 1924), Misses Margaret Welles, Carolyn Smiley (left 1924), Ruby M. Phillips, Grace F. Woods and 24 teachers, some part time. Miss Gertrude Avery and Miss Marion T. Beman join the staff at close of 1924. Enrolment 391. A legacy from the Whittemore estate has made it possible to put in electric lighting and a septic tank. There are 3 Girls’ Day Schools in the city, called the Farrar Schools.*

Ahmednagar: American Missions Workshops. Formerly American Deccan Institute. It has an industrial school. Founded about 1907 by David C. Churchill; installed in its present quarters in 1914. Buildings: 1 large fine brick work shop; 1 large shed of corru­ gated iron: 1 brick building used as a residence; 1 long row of inferior buildings. Staff: Mr. S. Smith and 8 teachers. Enrolment 35.

Ahmednagar: Bible Training School for Women.* Founded 1892 by Mrs. James Smith. Grade: Secondary School with English and Marathi departments. Board and tuition $32 to $40. Money is being collected for a building. Staff: Miss Gertrude Harris, Miss Gozarabia Gaikwad. Enrol­ ment 12. A class of four were graduated in March. A re-training class of 40 Bible women from other districts was held.

Ahmednagar: Boys’ High School. Founded 1880 by Rev. James Smith. Departments: Vernacular; Secondary Anglo-Vernacular. The Sir D. M. Petit School of Industrial Arts is now included in the * Institutions marked with an * are supported, or in the case of coeducational and union insti­ tutions partly supported, by the Woman's Board of Missions; institutions marked with a t by the Woman’s Board of Missions of the Interior. 106 Missions in India and Ceylon 107

American Mission Workshops. Board and tuition $33. Buildings: Five buildings of stone and lime, one of them called The Castle, one of them Harris Hall. Staff: Rev. Alden H. Clark, J. S. Parker, Wendell C. Wheeler, 21 teachers. Enrolment 540. The boys in the dormitory govern themselves. This year several advanced Vernacular students com­ pleted three English grades in one year by intensive study of English. At the yearly celebration over 1000 old students, Mohammedan, Christian, Brahmin, outcaste, sat down to a common meal, signaliz­ ing their fellowship by eating together. The Boy Scout troop took two out of five chief prizes at the Poona Rally.

Ahmednagar: Divinity College. Founded 1878 by Rev. Robert A. Hume, D.D. In 1921 the United Free Church of Scotland joined with the Marathi Mission in the work. Board and tuition $72 for unmarried students. Buildings: One lecture hall; 1 large dormitory for unmarried students; 18 small houses for married students. Staff: Rev. Henry H. Fairbank, Dr. R. A. Hume, Rev. Alden H. Clark, S. L. Salvi. Enrolment 18. An English class of six completed their four-year course in March, 1924.

Ahmednagar: Union Training School. Founded 1869 by the Christian Literature Society; taken over by the Marathi Mission in 1908. Three other missions now unite in its administration. Grade: Normal School; with agricultural training. Board and tuition $40. Buildings: 1 school building with 10 rooms; 1 dormitory with 11. There is a small athletic field in the school compound and an 8-acre field half a mile distant. Staff: Rev. and Mrs. W. S. Deming and 15 teachers. [Enrolment: Vernacular School 170; Training School 66; Total 236. The students in Training School are self-governed. The big event of the year was the coming of the American Presbyterian and the Church Missionary Society Mission into the union organization. In this school was organized two years ago the Christian Volunteers of India, which has already sent 15 boys into Christian service.

Aruppukottai: Boarding School* (Madura). First established in Mandapasalai in 1868 on Miss Martha S. Taylor’s arrival; moved to Aruppukottai in 1890. Grade: Primary. Board and tuition about $16. Buildings: 1 stone building with 3 rooms used as a classrooms 108 Missions in India and Ceylon and dormitory for boys; 2 brick two-roomed houses for classrooms and dormitories; 2 buildings of dilapidated brick used as dormitory, kitchen, matron’s quarters. Staff: Rev. and Mrs. A. A. Martin, 7 teachers. Enrolment 187; 158 are boarders; 30 boys and 20 girls are of the thief caste and Government pays their expenses. The Seventh Standard was opened this year. A new dormitory for girls, gift of the New Hampshire Branch, is being built. There are three day schools for Hindu girls* in the village and near it.

Bangalore: United Theological College (Madura). Founded 1910 by four missionary organizations; seven now co-operate in the work. Students are prepared for the B. D. degree from Serampore College, Calcutta. Board and tuition $100. Buildings: 1 college building; 1 dormitory; 5 bungalows. Staff : Rev. L. P. Larsen, President, Rev. David S. Herrick, Ameri­ can Board Representative, Dr. Morris, two assistants. Enrolment 16. The library has been reorganized. Some 50 students have re­ ceived theological training here; of these 17 teach in similar institu­ tions and nearly all the rest are pastors and evangelists.

Battalagundu: Boarding School* (Madura). Founded about 1856 by Rev. and Mrs. John E. Chandler. Grade: Secondary or “ Higher Elementary.” Board and tuition $15. Buildings; Recita­ tion Hall; Boys’ Dormitory; Girls’ Dormitory; Infirmary; Carpenter Shop. Staff: Rev. and Mrs. Burleigh V. Mathews, 6 teachers, 1 matron. Enrolment 130 which is a considerable gain over last year. This village also has a day school for Hindu girls.*

Bombay: Blind School| (Marathi). Founded 1900 by Miss AnnaL. Millard. Departments: Primary; Kindergarten; Industrial; Music. Cost of support of one student: $80 a year. Buildings: One. Staff: Miss Millard, 9 teachers. Two graduates are musical evangelists in Satara; two are teachers in the Blind School; one works in an Industrial School; two work in a factory; two are musicians in Bombay; .one supports a family of five comfortably by caning chairs.

Bom bay: Byculla High School.* Founded 1877 by Rev. and Mrs. Edward S. Hume. Departments: High School; Primary Missions in India and Ceylon 109

School; Kindergarten. Cost of board $33 a year. Buildings: Bowker Hall, hostel for girls; Fiske Hall, hostel for boys; Clarke- Abbott Home. Staff: Mr. T. Buell, Principal, Miss Ruth V. Simpson, 22 teachers. Enrolment 264. This is the only Anglo-Vernacular High School in a locality of many Christian and non-Christian young people. Land in the rear of Bowker Hall has been purchased to give needed space.

Ceylon: Jaffna College. Batticotta Seminary was founded 1823 by the American Mission and closed 1855; the College was founded 1872 by a committee of Tamil gentlemen, graduates of Batticotta, and by Mr. M. Sanders and Dr. E. P. Hastings of the American Mission. Departments: Lower School including classes from preparatory class through First Form or Fifth Standard (Second year High School in America); and Upper School including Forms Two to Six; the Sixth Form is the Cambridge Senior. Besides this, eight Boys’ English Schools of the Mission are affiliated with the College; these have an enrolment of 1,157, with 75 teachers. Board and tuition in College $80. Buildings: One Hall; 3 Recitation Buildings; 3 dormitories; 1 Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry; 1 Science Lecture Room and 1 Y. M. C. A. Room, 7 professors’ houses; the old dining hall has been reconstructed to provide a sick room and new quarters for Manual Training; an extension was also made this year which provides a lecture room, two classrooms and a sleeping room. Staff: Rev. John Bicknell, President, Mr. J. V. Chelliah, Vice- Principal, Rev. and Mrs. Max H. Harrison, Mr. and Mrs. Carl W. Phelps, Edward G. Nichols and 29 other teachers. Enrolment 604. A debating society, three literary societies, athletics and games are some of the student activities. The college has been placed on the list of the schools to be examined triennially, and has been accorded the privilege of making its own syllabus of study. The annual camp of the Ceylon Christian Student Movement was held in the College; its secretary is partly supported by the College Y. M. C. A.

Ceylon: Jaffna Union Women’s Training School. Founded 1922 by the church and the Wesleyan and American Missions; situ­ ated in the Wesleyan Mission Compound. Grade: Normal School. Board and tuition $30. Staff: Miss Margaret Murgatroyd, 5 teachers. Enrolment 32. 110 Missions in India and Ceylon

Ceylon: Tellipallai Boys’ Boarding School. Founded by Rev. W. W. Howland in 1872. Departments: Secondary; Primary; Kindergarten; Industrial. Board $25. Buildings: One; the Day School is attached to the Boarding School. Staff: Arthur A. Ward, 9 teachers. Enrolment 204. Fourteen joined the Church this year.

Ceylon: Uduppiddi Girls’ Boarding School. * Buildings: Office Building; Hall; Dormitory; Classrooms. Board and tuition $50. Staff: Mrs. Charles W. Miller, 5 teachers. Enrolment 77. The school is to be reorganized so as to relate the education given in it to the needs of the girls in their homes and .villages, even though this sometimes involves a departure from the government code. The experiment of self-government is being tried.

Ceylon: Uduvil Girls’ Boarding School.* Founded 1824 by Mrs. Miron Winslow. Departments: Vernacular School — kinder­ garten and first four grades; English School — kindergarten through High School. Board and tuition $65. Buildings: 2 dormitories; Classrooms; Hall; Library; 2 cottages; 4 bungalows; Kindergarten Building and Domestic Science kitchen and cottage are under con­ struction. Staff: Miss Lulu G. Bookwalter, Principal; Misses Lucy K. Clark, Alice N. Vogt, Freda Hacker, Grace M. Vining, Christiana Hodgdon, 36 native teachers. Enrolment: English School 353, Vernacular School 267; Total 620. Girl Guides, a literary society in the English School, a Tamil literary society, a Music Club and School Band are some of the student organizations. Four girls from Christian and fifteen from Hindu homes united with the Church. A domestic science course has been added this year. The celebration of the centenary of the school will beheld in January and February, 1925, when Mrs. Frank Gaylord Cook can be present to represent the Woman’s Board of Missions.

Dindigul: Boarding Schoolf (Madura). Founded 1838 by Rev. John Jay Lawrence. Grade: Primary. Board and tuition $20. Buildings; Five buildings, some constructed of earth and all dilapidated and unsuitable for school use. Staff: Rev. and Mrs. Willis P. Elwood, 6 teachers. Enrolment 174. Missions in India and Ceylon 111

Kodaikanal: Language School (Madura). Rev. John S. Chandler, Principal. New recruits to the missions here study the language intensively, and practise it in teaching a little.

Kodaikanal: School for Missionary Children. Founded 1901 by a Joint Committee of the Madura and Arcot Missions. Mrs. Margaret Eddy, first Principal and member of the Joint Committee, visiting America in 1902 secured funds to buy Highclerc; generous gifts have enabled the school to buy adjacent properties and erect new buildings. Nine missions are now contributing to it. The enrol­ ment has outgrown accommodations and many have had to be refused admission for lack of room. Boyer Hall, a home for the younger children, is under construction as a memorial of Miss Virginia Boyer, a member of the staff who perished at sea on the Egypt' A recitation hall, girls’ dormitory, sanitary equipment, and electrical equipment are badly needed. Staff: Dr. Alexander S. Wilson, Principal, 8 teachers. Enrolment 133.

Madras: Teachers’ Training College*(Union). Founded 1923, the W. B. M. one of the co-operating mission boards. Miss Ger­ trude Chandler representative of W. B. M. on the staff. Enrol­ ment 12.

Madras: Woman’s Christian College (Union). Founded 1915 by twelve mission boards, the W. B. M. being one of these. Affiliated with the University of Madras. Board and tuition about $75. Buildings: Main Building — a fine old residence built for a British official 140 years ago; 2 dormitories; Chapel; Science Building. Staff: Miss Eleanor McDougall, President; Miss Edith M. Coon (W. B. M.), Vice-President, and 8 other teachers. Enrolment 141. Eighty students have already graduated.

Madura: American College. Founded 1843 by Dr. William Tracy in Tirumangalam; made second grade institution 1881 by Dr. G. T. Washburn in Pasumalai; was moved to Madura in 1904; Dr. William M. Zumbro, President 1900 till his death in 1922, built it up into a first-class college; it is one of the 18 first-class units of Madras University. Departments: Physical Science; History and Economics. Board and tuition $75. Buildings: Administration Building; Ellen 112 Missions in India and Ceylon

James Science Building; hostel in two blocks; Library (12,000 volumes); Four bungalows — College House, Barton Hall, Williston House, Warden’s Lodge — all of brick; these are on the 42-acre campus; 2 Colonial hostels of brick and mortar faced with plaster are off the campus. Three dining rooms and kitchen have been remodeled this year into a dispensary, diet-kitchen and infirmary. Staff: Rev. William W. Wallace, President; Rev. James M. Hess, Rev. Edward L. Nolting, Rev. Albert J. Saunders, Rev. L. Curtis Guise, Mr. Edgar M. Flint, and 20 native teachers. Enrolment: English Department 447; Science Group 291; History Group 156; Total 447. A campaign for $100,000 for expansion has been started. The religious life of the students is specially emphasized. Various societies afford training in literary work and public speaking, Athletics are a feature of the college life. The College has sent out lawyers, doctors, preachers, teachers, business men to all parts of South India. A former student is member of the Legislative Council in Madras.

Madura: Capron Hall Girls’ School.* Founded 1835 by Mrs. James R. Eckard. Departments: Normal School; Model School; High School. Board and tuition $30. Buildings: Capron Hall — both recitation hall and dormitory; one-room Kindergarten Building; Kindergarten Hostel; small house for 8 students. Staff: Miss Mary T. Noyes, Principal; Miss Katharine B. Wilcox, Miss Alice Vogt during Miss Wilcox’s illness, Miss Martha M. Van Allen, and 6 men and 25 women teachers. Misses Florence Swan and Lila Wyman joined the staff in 1924, and Miss Hattie Brown has been secured for a year. Enrolment 600; 86 are Normal School stu­ dents, 64 High School. In the past forty years 1500 teachers have been sent out by the school. There are 400,000 girls above pri­ mary education age in this area in which Capron Hall is the only High and Normal School The students have undertaken community center work again this year. Four Hindu Girls’ Day Schools* are connected with this school.

Madura: Lucy Perry Noble Institute for Women, f Founded 1892 by Miss Eva M. Swift. Departments: Academic; Industrial; Home Life; Bible School (for training evangelists). Board and tuition $60. Buildings: Esther Barton Assembly Hall; Belle M. Spence Memorial Buildings; Wingate Hall; Home Life Building, Missions in India and Ceylon 113 containing The Mothers’ Memorial Nursing House and the Ella Burn­ ham Dispensary. Staff: Miss Swift and 13 teachers. Enrolment 82. In the Home Management Course a model Indian cottage is used; in Home Nurs­ ing Course the Students treat simple ailments of women coming to the dispensary. Gardening and field work as well as weaving and lace- making are part of the curriculum.

Madura: Union Christian High School. Outgrowth of a school started before 1872; converted into a high school in 1884; placed under management of College Council 1905; in 1922 placed under the united care of American Board Madura Mission and Church of Sweden Mission.

Manamadura: Boarding School, f (Madura). Founded 1864 by Rev. Samuel B. Capron. Grade: Primary. Board and tuition $24. Buildings: One for girls and 1 for boys, the latter having classrooms for all. Staff: Four teachers. Enrolment 26 boys, 22 girls; total 48, fifteen of the pupils were taken into Church membership.

Pasumalai: High School (Madura). Founded by Dr. George T. Washburn about 1870. Departments: Middle and High School. Board and tuition $35 and $45. Buildings: Washburn Hall; Agricul­ tural Hall; old church used as drawing hall; Southfold Hostel for Hindu boys; Yokan Lodge and Case Dining Hall for Christian boys; 2 dormitories; 20 houses for teachers; farm buildings. Staff: Rev. JohnX. Miller, 23 teachers. Enrolment 470, of whom 171 are in the three upper forms. Troops of Boy Scouts are doing splendid work on the school farm. The boys learn how to make the most of a small piece of land. A trained expert is in charge of the dairy and poultry farm. India is just entering the World Olympic Contests, and Pasumalai will try to train a winner in these events.

Pasumalai: Trade School. Founded 1920 by Rev. John X. Miller and received Government recognition in 1923. Departments: Printing and Binding; Masonry; Carpentry; Blacksmithy; Courses offered in Agri-Horticulture. Buildings: Pasumalai Trade School Building; 14 houses for workmen and teachers; an enlargement this year provides for 20 more boys. Rev. James H. Dickson, Principal. Enrolment 25. 114 Missions in India and Ceylon

The maintenance of the new electric light and pumping plant which is located in the Trade School Building is part of the work of the stu­ dents. The school ministers to a class no other agency reaches. Many boys cannot receive training in trades in their own villages be­ cause trade castes are closed to other castes. Many have no funds for ordinary school work, or can hope to be nothing more than coolies. In the Trade School these boys may earn their way.

Pasumalai: Training School. Founded 1880 by Rev. George T. Washburn. Departments: Normal; Higher Elementary; Kinder­ garten. Board and tuition $40 in the Normal, $25 in the Elementary School. Buildings: Hollis Moore Memorial Hall; Annamalai Chel- tior Hostel; Pandel Hostel and Dining Hall. Staff: Rev. Lloyd L. Lorbeer, 24 teachers. Enrolment: Training School 218; Model School 287; Total 505. India’s greatest need now is trained teachers, and this school is sending out a hundred such teach­ ers every year. A branch of this schooljat Tirumangalam uses the boarding school there as a model school.

Pasumalai: Union Theological Seminary. Founded 1837 at Tirumangalam by Rev. William Tracy. The Ceylon Mission unites with the Mission in managing its affairs. It is affiliated with Seram- pore College. Departments: Primary School; Secondary School; College; Licentiate in Theology Courses. Seminary students are those who have passed the High Schools; some have studied in College. Board and tuition $60 to $210. Buildings: One Seminary Bungalow erected 1847; Seminary Building erected 1913 by Dr. J. P. Jones; 20 teachers and students’ houses erected by Dr. Jones; Jones Hostel erected 1918 by Dr. Banninga; an out-door amphitheater was built this year. Staff: Rev. and Mrs. John J. Banninga, 4 Indian teachers. Enrol­ ment 48. An All-Pasumalai Commencement was held this year; 18 were graduated from this Seminary, 44 from the High School, 126 from the Training School. Each September 400 and more Christian workers gather here for Institutes and Conference from all parts of South India. Prominent leaders come to give their best.

Publications: In Ceylon the Mission Press has printed the Morn­ ing Star weekly in English and Tamil; the Jaffna College Magazine three times a year, The Bulletin three times a year, the Union Series Missions in India and Ceylon 115 of school text-books in Tamil, and many books and booklets — over two million printed pages. In Pasumalai, Dr. Banninga edits the English edition, Prof. M. S. Taylor the Tamil edition, of the United Church Herald; Rev. J. F. Edwards edits the Dynanodaya, an Anglo- Marathi weekly, the oldest publication in Western India, the organ of seven missions.

Rahuri: Boarding Schoolf (Marathi). Founded 1879 by Dr. W. O. Ballantine. Grade: Primary, with a kindergarten. Board and tuition $40. Buildings: Boys’ Dormitory; Girls’ Dormitory; School- house. Staff: Rev. and Mrs. Joseph L. Moulton, 12 teachers. Enrolment 200. A new Girls’ Vernacular School was opened with 15 girls in the fifth standard.

Satara: Boarding School* (Marathi). Founded 1836 by Rev. and Mrs. Allan Graves. Grade: Secondary and Primary. Buildings: School building of stone (1900); Girls’ Dormitory (1920); Boys’ dormi­ tory (1920); Row of teachers’ rooms, brick. Miss Belle Nugent Principal. Enrolment 152 of whom 80 are boarders. There are also two Girls’ Day Schools* in the station.

Sholapur: Boys’ School (Marathi). Founded 1900 by Rev. Lorin S. Gates. Buildings: 2 school buildings, one of brick and stone; 5 dormitories of stone. Staff: Rev. and Mrs. Richard S. Rose, 8 teachers, 1 matron. En­ rolment 176. The school takes the boys only through the primary grades; they then attend a local Middle and High School but live in Mission School dormitories. They are all Boy Scouts. The flourishing Sunday School runs itself without Missionary supervision. All the bigger boys work in the carpentry school. Sholapur: Criminal Tribes Settlement Schools. Miss Ella C. Hoxie in charge. Miss Elizabeth M. Cairns joined her late in 1924. Enrolment 2,000. Kindergarten; school garden; drill; car­ pentry; Girl Messengers; Boy Scouts. There is follow-up work in the homes, in the Sunday Schools, among the girls who leave school to work in the mills.

Sholapur: Mary B. Harding Kindergarten Training School.* Founded 1903 by Mary Ballantine Harding; Miss M. Louise Wheeler, 116 Missions in India and Ceylon

Principal; Miss Clara G. Labaree arrived October 1923; Miss Agnes Rolt, a young English woman, gave valuable help till Miss Labaree came. Enrolment 35. Every year the standard of the school is higher, because the type of girl sent for training is better. The Girls’ Messenger Service of last year has merged into the Girl Guides,whose principles and discipline help form the girls’ characters. They find opportunities for practice in the Josephine Kindergarten, which has an enrolment of 77 in the three divisions: Baby Kindergarten, Con­ necting Kindergarten, Infant Class. The daily cup of milk supplied through the kindness of friends in America has made a difference in the health of the children.

Sholapur: Woronoco School.* Founded 1891 by Rev. Lorin S. Gates. Departments: Primary; Secondary; Vernacular; Anglo- Vernacular. Board and tuition about $30. Buildings: One building for the Anglo-Vernacular Department; 1 large building for Dormitory and for classrooms of the Vernacular Department. Staff: Miss Esther B. Fowler and 10 teachers, 5 of whom were former pupils of the school. Enrolment 136 of whom 110 were boarders. Three Girl Guides companies were organized during the year. At the celebration of the 25th anniversary of the naming of the school and building of the new schoolhouse, Mrs. Reed of Westfield, Mass., was present. Woronoco is the Indian name for Westfield. There are two Hindu Girls’ Day Schools in Sholapur.*

Sirur: Beverly Boarding School for Girls. * (Marathi). Founded 1878 by Rev. and Mrs. Richard Winsor. Departments: Primary School; Kindergarten — the Anglo-Vernacular Department was dropped 1922. Board and tuition $32. Buildings: Dormitory; One school building for both Beverly and Byington Schools. Mrs. Edward W. Felt, Principal; 5 teachers. Enrolment 78.

Sirur: Byington Boarding School for Boys. Founded by Rev. Richard Winsor in 1880. Departments: Secondary; Primary. Board and tuition $30. Buildings: One dormitory. Staff: Rev. Edward W. Felt, 5 teachers. Enrolment 80. A Greek Letter Society was organized during the year. An epidemic of bu­ bonic plague closed both schools for a time.

Sirur: Sir D. M. Petit Industrial School. Founded 1878 by Rev. Richard Winsor. Departments: Carpentry; Mechanical Missions in India and Ceylon 117

Drawing. Cost per student $26. Buildings: One large building. Rev. Edward W. Felt, Principal. Enrolment 60.

Social Service: In Ahmednagar the Chapin Home, founded 1880 by Miss Sarah Jane Hume, and under the supervision of Mrs. Robert A. Hume, has been full this year. Each woman has supported herself by her work, and two, a child also. The women have an eight-hour work day, do their own grinding, cleaning and cooking beside, and at the noon recess have Bible and reading lessons. Mrs. Taibai Hivale is caring for 206 orphans in the “Sir Ratan Tata Institute for Destitute Children,” but is under a heavy financial burden. Rev. Alden Clark is raising funds for a large social service plant in Bombay, to center in the Byculla church. Mrs. Katherine V. Gates gives her time to social-evangelistic work.

In Madura the Christian Women’s Association, founded 1915 by Miss Eva M. Swift, includes social service as part of its aim, carrying on a program of work for the benefit of non-Christian women and children. Its members number 600. Capron Hall girls have made a beginning of a Community Center across the river; different groups gojjthere with experienced teachers for first-aid, social and evangelistic work.

In Sholapur the Industrial Settlements (Criminal Tribes Settle­ ments) with their 4,000 inhabitants and staff of 100 are divided into three groups: those who are criminals by caste only, committing crimes because they are expected to (60%); those who would commit crime if circumstances favored it and a watch was not kept on their movements (35%); and those who are out to commit crime, no matter what steps are taken to prevent it (5%). With the removal of some of the worst of the latter to a Special Settlement the morals of the others have con­ siderably improved. A third of the men work in the cotton mills. Caste juries prescribe punishments and fines. The Sholapur church is in charge of evangelistic work in one settlement, various preachers in charge in the other. Women are taught sewing and given Bible instruc­ tion in special classes. The schools for the children have a paragraph to themselves elsewhere. Mr. H. H. Strutton is in charge of the Settle­ ments. The Young Men’s Club meets Wednesdays in the Boys’ School for reading and games, and every Saturday night is Community Night, 118 Missions in India and Ceylon with a lecture, lantern show, song-service or concert. An English night school is conducted by a young Christian; a Brahmin teacher wearing a Gandhi cap teaches a class as a bit of voluntary service for India. A large dormitory has been set aside as a Young Men’s Hostel for Christian young men who have no home in Sholapur, most of whom work in the mills. In Wai the Abbott Home,f founded 1900 in Bombay by Miss Anstice Abbott, moved to Wai 1905, and now in charge of Miss Jean Gordon, contains a big happy family where the old and the weak are lovingly cared for by the others.

Tirumangalam: Boarding School* (Madura). Opened about 1836, closed 1857, reopened 1870. Now under the control of the Madura Church Council. Grade: Primary, with Industrial Depart­ ment. Board and tuition $15. Buildings: One thatch building costing about $150 with three classrooms and place for 60 to sleep. Staff: Rev. and Mrs. Raymond A. Dudley, 8 teachers. Enrolment 193; there are 45 Kallar girls whose full cost is met by Government, and 20 Kallar boys with Government scholarships. They are taught weaving, carpentry and sewing. The school has for two years been the Model School of the new branch here of the Pasumalai Training School.

Vadala: Boys’ Boarding School (Marathi). Founded 1887 by Rev. Henry Fairbank. Departments: Vernacular; Anglo-Vernacular. Board and tuition $20. Buildings: Two dormitories; 1 boarding and cook-house; 1 large school building. Staff: Rev. and Mrs. W. H. McCance, 14 teachers; the head master, a son of the late Shetiba Gaikwad, has taught here twenty years. Enrolment 140. The Hindu boys are now voluntarily attending prayers each morning and studying the Bible with the Christian boys.

Vadala: Girls’ Boarding School.t Founded 1887 by Mrs. Ruby E. Fairbank. Departments: Vernacular: Kindergarten; Do­ mestic Science Class. Board and tuition $17. Buildings: One two- story dormitory and Matron’s home; 2 school buildings; 1 kindergar­ ten room; one of the school houses built this year in honor of Mrs. Gay by her son. The staff of teachers of the Boys’ School is shared by the Girls’ School. Enrolment 84. After the girls take four grades of the Vernacular they are passed on to the Girls’ High School in Ahmednagar. Missions in India and Ceylon 119

Vellore: Union Missionary Medical School for Women.* Founded 1918 by Ida S. Scudder, M.D. College grade. Board and tui­ tion $100. Buildings: One hospital, 2 bungalows for European staff: 1 bungalow for Indian staff; 1 hostel with classrooms; dispensary built in 1923. Dr. Katharine B. Scott, W- B. M. representative on the staff which consists of nine women possessing medical degrees from foreign and Indian medical schools. In July, 1923, out of 90 appli­ cants, 25 students were accepted.

Wai: Boarding School* (Marathi). Founded by Mrs. Minnie Sibley and Miss Jean Gordon in 1892. Grade: Primary. Buildings: Boys’ Dormitory of brick; Teachers’ Home; School Building of stone and brick, Jubilee gift of W. B. M. The girls board in the Abbott Home. Staff: Miss Gordon and 6 teachers. Enrolment 130. The Govern­ ment Inspector spoke of the school as a model institution in many respects. There are three Girls’ Day Schools* beside.

MEDICAL

Ahmednagar: American Hospital for Women and Children. * The dispensary was opened in 1895, the Hospital in 1904 by Dr. Julia Bissell. Capacity 60 beds. Maintenance of a bed, $83 a year. Build­ ings: One large two-story hospital building of stone; small isolation building; 1 residence for American doctors and nurses; Nurses’ Home of brick; 1 storehouse. Electric lighting has been recently installed. Staff: Dr. Ruth P. Hume and Mrs. Harriet J. Clark, M. D. (trans­ ferred to Bombay, 1924), Miss G. Marion Holland (joins staff 1924); 1 Indian doctor, 12 nurses. In-patients 927; 5,000 dispensary pa­ tients received 9,000 treatments. Friends in America made it possible for the hospital to have its own dairy, and therefore plenty of milk and of better quality than could be bought. The gift of a Ford is a con­ tinual aid. Girls of better education than formerly are now entering the training class for nurses.

Bombay: Goodwill Dispensary.* Founded 1898 by Dr. Gurabai Karmarkar who gave to it thirty years of service that brought relief and blessing to thousands of women and children. Her successor, Dr. Razusbai Ranadive, has left this year and Dr. Harriet J. Clark has been transferred from Ahmednagar to Bombay. During the year 120 Missions in India and Ceylon

1,975 patients received 3,749 treatments. The need in this crowded city is very great. The infant mortality is over 800 out of every 1000 births in the one-room apartments which are the homes of two- thirds of the population.

Ceylon: Green Hospital for Men at Manepay. Founded 1848 by Dr. Samuel F. Green. Closed from 1913 to 1923. Build­ ings: Main Building, erected by Dr. Thomas B. Scott; Women’s Ward; Green dispensary; new dispensary and doctor’s residence; old par­ sonage used as a hospital; old English school used as a residence; operation theater; Laboratory built 1923. Staff: Dr. W. J. Jameson, 2 native physicians, 8 nurses, 15 assis­ tants. In-patients 1,407; new dispensary patients 7,720; total treat­ ments 9,056; major operations 104; minor 413; total 517. The hospital is self-supporting, but there is dire need of new buildings and equipment, a nurses’ home being the most urgent need.

Ceylon: McLeod Hospital for Women and Children at Inuvil. Founded by the Misses Leitch. Capacity 100 beds; cost of maintain­ ing a bed, $50 a year. Buildings: Dispensary Building; 8 hospital ward buildings; Maud and Alice Nurses’ Home; Doctor’s residence; Twynam Cottage opened 1923. Staff: Dr. Isabella H. Curr, Miss Louisa Stenborn, 1 native physi­ cian, 8 nurses, 6 assistants. In-patients 1,921; dispensary patients 3,871, receiving 5,356 treatments; maternity cases 571. During an intensive campaign against hookworm in October, 1,500 cases were treated.

Kodaikanal: Maternity Hospital. In May 1923 Dr. Frank Van Allen iaid the cornerstone of this hospital which he had planned for and begun to gather money for in 1916, as he felt there was a real need for a purely maternity hospital for missionaries and other Euro­ peans or Americans in the cooler climate of-the hills. The five-roomed building has been completed recently. Another memento of this beloved physician who died in August, 1923, is the well-equipped Operating Room, with two wards attached, which was his gift and his friends’ gift to Kodaikanal. More than a hundred operations have been performed there by visiting surgeons during the year.

Leper Asylums. The asylum at Manamadura was founded 1913 by Dr. Harriet E. Parker. Capacity 150. Cost per patient, $30. Missions in India and Ceylon 121

Buildings: Dispensary; 3 wards for women and 9 for men of which 4 were built during the past year; house for caretaker, house for gardener; house for Medical Officer (1922); Hostel for untainted children (1922). Staff: Rev. C. Stanley Vaughan, Rev. Clarence E. Wolsted, temporary superintendent, 1 physician, 1 compounder. It has 150 patients who have been given 4,795 treatments for leprosy and 2,400 treatments for minor ailments. The staff of the Sholapur Leper Asylum is composed of Rev. Richard S. Rose, 1 native physician, 5 assistants. The 56 patients have been given 1500 treatments.

Madura: Albert Victor Hospital. Founded 1897 by Dr. Frank Van Allen who raised the funds entirely in India. Capacity 30 beds. Buildings: One large and beautiful Main Hospital containing wards, laboratory, operating and compounding rooms; 3 kitchens; old build­ ing used for stores. Staff: Dr. Edward W. Wilder; 1 Indian doctor; 8 nurses; 8 ward-boys and servants; 1 catechist. In-patients 606; new dispensary patients 10,824; total treatments 24,000; operations 617.

Madura: American Hospital for Women and Children.* Founded 1885 by Dr. Pauline M. Root. Capacity 105 beds. Buildings: Main building is in three connecting blocks shaped like the letter E, is two-storied and of brick and steel with hollow-tiled floors (1920); there is a smaller two-st6ry dispensary; Isolation Ward; Hostel; Nurses’ home; Doctors’ bungalow; laundry; kitchens; quarters for workers. Staff: Dr. Harriet E. Parker (1896-1924), Miss Mary E. Rogers, Miss Grace E. Rood (1924); 3 licensed medical practitioners; 9 gradu­ ate nurses; 28 nurses in training; 4 compounders. Dr. Ellen Shmotin is at present taking the place of Dr. Parker who became Mrs. Stanley Vaughan in May, 1924. There were 1,593 in-patients during the year and 13,835 new dispen­ sary pat-ients; 345 maternity cases; 641 outside visits; 1,619 opera­ tions, and 877 secondary operations. In connection with the hospital is a home for children, called the “ Bird’s Nest,” containing about 50 orphaned or unwanted little ones.

Pasumalai: The Caroline Clarke Dispensary and Hospital. Dispensary work was begun 1875 by Mrs. George H. Washburn. Reorganized 1909, and Dispensary built by Mrs. John X. Miller, 122 Missions in India and Ceylon

through a gift from Mrs. E. Y. Hincks. Capacity 20 beds; cost per bed, $30 a year. Buildings: One building of brick and mortar which serves as hospital, dispensary and residence of a medical man; An­ dover Isolation Ward.

Rahuri: Dispensary. One building. Staff: Rev. and Mrs. J. L. Moulton, 1 assistant. Patients, 3,647; minor operations 46.

Sholapur: Kalyanpur and Umedpur Dispensaries. In the first-named 1,045 patients were given 1,945 treatments; in the second 2,957 patients were given 12,461 treatments. Staff: Indian physician, nurse and compounder.

Vadala: Dispensary. The Indian in charge gave 3,635 treat­ ments to 2,187 patients.

Vellore: Hospital of the Medical College. Capacity 61 beds; cost of maintaining a bed, $50 a year.

Wai: N. M. Wadia Hospital.| Opened in January, 1913, by Drs. Lester H. and Rose F. Beals. Capacity 60 beds. Buildings: Main Building, including operating, sterilizing, medical, and dressing rooms, male and female wards and 9 private rooms; Maternity W ard, delivery room and 4 rooms for patients; 2 tuberculosis open-air wards; Children’s Ward (1923), built by Dr. J. E. Abbott in memory of Mrs. Abbott; doctors’ and nurses’ quarters; cook rooms for patients. Staff: Dr. Lester H. Beals, Dr. Rose F. Beals, Dr. Walter F- Hume, two Indian doctors, Miss Ruth A. Andrews (1923), Superintendent of Nurses; 3 nurses, 6 assistants. In-patients 812; dispensary pa­ tients 11,328, receiving 22,431 treatments. The Abbott Memorial Children’s Ward, opened in December, 1923, has a playground on the roof where the recuperating youngsters may find enjoyment. The American Board Missions in China

Stations: Location and Special Work of Missionaries

FOOCHOW MISSION

Foochow (1847). — WillardL.Beard, D. D.: President of Foochow College; evangelistic work; mission secretary. Hardman N. Kinnear M. D.; Mrs. Ella J. Kinnear: Medical work in Foochow Hospital. Rev. Frederick P. Beach; Mrs. Ruth W. Beach: Professor in Fukien Christian University. Mr. Roderick Scott: Professor in Fukien Christian University. Mrs. Agnes K. Scott. Mr. George M. Newell; Mrs. Mary R. Newell: In charge of the Union Normal and Middle School. Rev. Otto J. Reumann: Religious education and day schools. Mrs. MarthaB. Reumann. Rev. Peter S. Goertz: In charge of evangelis­ tic work; teaching in Union Theological Seminary. Mrs. Mathilde H. Goertz. Rev. Samuel H. Leger: Teaching in Union Theological Sem­ inary. Mrs. Mabel M. Leger. Mr. Arthur E. St. Clair: Mission treasurer and business agent. Mrs. RuthG. St. Clair: Mission librarian Miss Emily S. Hartwell: Woman’s evangelistic work; orphanage work. Miss Martha Wiley: Women’s Bible School and evangelistic work. Miss Bertha H. Allen: Union Kindergarten Training School; supervision of city kindergartens. Lora G. Dyer, M. D.: In charge of Woman’s Hospital. Miss Elizabeth S. Perkins: Principal of Wenshan Girl’s Middle School. Miss Eunice T. Thomas: Principal of Wenshan Girls’ Higher Primary School. Miss Susan E. Armstrong: Teaching in Foochow College. Miss Hazel M. Atwood: Nurse in Women’s Hospital. Mr. Guy A. Thelin: Language study; agricultural work. Miss Lyda S. Houston: Language study.

Ingtai (1864). — Rev. Fred F. G. Donaldson; Mrs. Elaine S. Donaldson: Evangelistic work; Boys’ Boarding School and medical work. Miss Lucy B. Lanktree: District women’s evangelistic work and girls’ day schools. Miss M.Elizabeth Waddell: Girls’ Boarding schools.

Diongloh (1865). — CharlesL.Gillette, M. D.: In charge of medical work at Pagoda Anchorage and Diongloh. Mrs. Margaret W. Gillette: 123 124 The China Missions

In charge of Diongloh Kindergarten and Pagoda evangelistic work. Rev. George H. Hubbard: Evangelistic work; charge of Diongloh Woman’s School. Rev. Clarence A. Neff: Evangelistic work; super­ vision of the Boys’ Boarding School. Miss Rena L. Nutting: Evan­ gelistic work. Miss Laura D. Ward: Evangelistic work and day schools.

On Furlough. — Rev. Edward H. Smith; Mrs. Grace W. Smith; Rev. William H. Topping; Mrs. Elizabeth C. Topping; Mrs. Ellen L. Beard; Miss Alice M. Darrow; Miss Phebe K. Beard; Mr. Leonard J. Christian; Mrs. Agnes M. Christian; Miss Annie L. Kentfield.

Associated with the Mission. — (Foochow) Miss Priscilla Holton: Educational work in Wenshan Girls’ School. Miss Helen R. Hieb: Secretarial work. Mr. Raymond L. Hightower: Instructor in Foochow College.

There has been the usual interchange of missionaries between America and the mission. Mr. and Mrs. Leger, Miss Thomas and Miss Wiley have returned to the mission, while Mr. and Mrs. Smith, Mr. and Mrs. Topping, and Mr. and Mrs. Christian have come to America for their regular furloughs. Miss Phebe Beard is on leave of absence for health reasons, and Miss Alice Darrow has left the field early for special reasons. Miss Kentfield has delayed her return until her health has improved. Mr. Neff has responded to the call of the mission, leaving his teaching position in Manila to take charge of the work in Diongloh in Mr. Topping’s absence. Mr. Guy A. Thelin, who was appointed in 1923, is now on the field engaged in language study, but will become the agricultural director for the Board School in Foo­ chow. The new appointees for the year are Miss Lyda S. Houston, who will later teach in the girls’ school in Diongloh, Miss Helen R. Hieb, on a three years term as office worker and secretary in the Foo­ chow Station, and Mr. Raymond L. Hightower for three years as instructor in Foochow College.

STATISTICS (1922). — Stations 3; outstations 71; population of the field 1,600,000. The missionaries: ordained 10; unordained men 7; wives 15; single women 16; total missionaries 48; associate workers 2. The native force includes 15 ordained preachers, 116 men teachers, 64 women teachers, 47 Bible women, 7 other workers; The China Missions 125 total workers 288. The native church is represented in 75 places of regular meeting where there are 46 organized churches of which 5 are self supporting; the communicants number 2,440, of these, 143 received during the year; the total constituency is 6,067. There are 55 Sunday Schools with a membership of 3,238. There are no records of the Christian Endeavor activities which are carried on in the mission. In connection with the educational work the mission co-operates in a union theological school with 15 students from the mission and 2 union colleges with 25 students: 2 middle schools with 149 boys and 37 girls; 89 primary schools with 2,731 boys and 855 girls; 6 kindergartens with 204 pupils; other pupils 218; total schools are 100 with 4,234 under instruction. The native contributions: for Christian work $3,378; for education $14,601; for other objects $1,199; total contributions $19,178. Medical work is carried on in 5 hospitals where there were 1,239 in-patients, 5 dispensaries with 13,293 patients; total treat­ ments 62,660.

SHAOWU MISSION

Shaowu (1876). — Rev. Charles L. Storrs: Principal of the Boys’ Academy; charge of the boys’ day schools; evangelistic work; Mis­ sion secretary. Mrs. Mary G. Storrs: Educational work. Rev. Edwin D. Kellogg: Evangelistic and educational work; Mission treasurer. Mrs. Alice R. Kellogg: Educational and work for women. Rev. Robert W. McClure; Mrs. Jeanie G. McClure: Evangelistic and educa­ tional work. Rev. Harold E. LeMay; Mrs. Ruby M. LeMay: Evan­ gelistic and educational work. Mr. Charles H. Riggs: Agricultural director; evangelistic work. Mr s. Gr ace F. Riggs: Women’s evangelis­ tic work. Lucy P. Bement, M. D.: Women’s medical work. Miss Frances K. Bement: Principal of the Lombard Girls’ School; charge of girls’ day schools; evangelistic work. Miss Josephine C. Walker: Women’s Evangelistic work; Bible women. Miss Dorothy E. Bascom: Educational work in Girls’ School. Miss Jennie Jacobs: Nurse in hospital; language study.

Kiennlng (1922). — Miss Grace A. Funk; Miss Louise Meebold: Educational and evangelistic work.

On Furlough. — Edward L. Bliss, M. D.; Mrs. Minnie M. Bliss; Miss Leona L. Burr; Josephine Kennedy, M. D. 126 The China Missions

Associated with the Mission (Shaowu). — Alfred J. Stewart. M. D.: Assistant physician in the men’s hospital. (Kienning) Rev. and Mrs. (M. D.) George Shepherd: Evangelistic and medical work.

Of those on furlough Mr. and Mrs. McClure and Mr. and Mrs. Riggs have returned to the mission. Dr. Bement did not come to America in 1924 as stated in the previous report, owing to a change of plans. Dr. Bliss has joined his family in America and Miss Burr is on her regular furlough. There is one new missionary, Miss Jennie Jacobs, a nurse for the hospital.

STATISTICS (1922). — Stations 2; outstations 35; population of field 1,450,000. The missionaries: ordained 4; unordained men 2; wives 6; single women 9, total missionaries 21; associate workers 3. The native force: ordained preachers 5; unordained preachers 34; men teachers 34; women teachers 57; Bible women 17; other workers 14; total workers 161. The native church maintains work in 50 places of regular meeting in 37 organized churches of which 3 are self sup­ porting; 1,079 communicants of whom 113 were added during the year; total constituency estimated at 2,500. There were 32 Sunday Schools with 1,689 members and 32 Christian Endeavor Societies with a membership of 1,067. Educational work: 2 middle schools with 37 boys and 22 girls; 46 primary schools with 631 boys and 793 girls; 3 kindergartens with 70 pupils; making the total schools 51 and total under instruction 1,553. The native contributions; for Christian work $1,709; for education $2,475; for other objects $992; total contributions $5,176. The medical work is carried on in 3 hospitals with 75 in-patients, and 3 dispensaries where 8,500 patients were given 20, 400 treatments.

NORTH CHINA MISSION

Chihli District

Tientsin (1860). — Rev Robert E. Chandler: General Secretary of Mission and North China Council. Mrs. Helen D. Chandler. Charles A. Stanley, D. D : Higher Primary School and educational work. Mrs. Louise H. Stanley. Rev. Earle H Ballou: Evangelistic work. Mrs. Thelma H. Ballou. Rev. William R. Leete: Evangelistic and student work. Mrs. Anna K. Leete. Mrs. Jesse B. Wolfe: Mission The China Missions 127 architect and builder. Mrs. Cora H. Wolfe. Miss Carolyn T. Sewell: Evangelistic work. Mr. Albert C. Grimes: Acting mission treasurer. Miss Marion H. Chatfield: Language study; social work.

Peking (1864). — Chauncey Goodrich, D. D.: Hymn writing. James J. Ingram, M. D.: Teaching in Union Women’s Medical College. Mrs. Myrtle B. Ingram. Howard S. Galt, D. D.: Professor in Peking University. Mrs. Louise A. Galt. George D. Wilder, D.D.: Teach­ ing in Union Bible Institute. Mrs. Gertrude A. Wilder. Rev. Lucius C. Porter, D. D.: Professor in Peking University. Mrs.Lilian D. Porter. Philippe de Vargas, Ph. D.: Teacher of history, Peking University. Mrs. Amelie M. de Vargas. Rev. Rowland M. Cross: Evangelistic work for students. Mrs. Adelle T. Cross. Mrs. AliceB. Frame: Dean of College of Arts and Sciences for Women, Yenching College. Miss Bertha P. Reed; Principal of the Union Training Bible School for Women. Miss JessieE. Payne: Executive Secretary of Chihli-Shansi Christian Educational Association. Charles W. Young, M. D : Professor in Peking Union Medical College. Mrs. Olivia D. Young. Rev. Ernest T. Shaw: In charge of Station Elementary Schools. Mrs. Harriet H. Shaw. Rev. Arthur W- Hummel: Teaching in North China Union Language School. Mrs. Ruth B. Hummel. Miss Laura B. Cross; Miss Esther E. Nelson; Miss Maryette H. Lum, Miss Elizabeth E. Turner; Miss Anne B. Kelley: Teachers in Bridgman Academy. Miss Jean Dickinson: Teacher in Yenching College. Miss Cleora G. Wannamaker: Kindergarten Training School. Mr. Donald Tewksbury; Teacher of Education, Peking University. Mrs. Helen P. Tewksbury. Rev. Stephen C. Peabody; Mrs. Anne W. Peabody; Miss Valley L. Nelson: Language study.

Tunghsien (1867).— Arthur H. Smith, D. D.: Missionary-at- large. Mrs. Emma D. Smith: Evangelistic work. 0. Houghton Love, M. D.: Physician in charge of hospital and medical work. Mrs. Caroline M. Love. Rev. Harry S. Martin: Principal of Jefferson Academy. Mrs. RoseL. Martin. Rev. Dean R. Wickes: Evangelistic work in Ching-Chao field. Mrs. Fanny S. Wickes. Rev. James A. Hunter: Teacher in Jefferson Academy. Mrs. Maude B. Hunter. Miss Alice M. Huggins: Educational work, Girls’ School. Miss Margaret A. Smith: Evangelistic work.

Paotingfu (1873). — Rev. Elmer W. Galt: Educational work. 128 The China Missions

Mrs. AUie C. Galt. Rev. Hugh W. Hubbard: Y. M. C. A. work. Mrs. Mabel E. Hubbard. Rev. Harold W. Robinson: Evangelistic work. Mrs. Mary S. Robinson. Mrs. Abbie G. Chapin: Evangelistic and educational work for women. Miss Isabelle Phelps: Women’s evangelistic work. Miss Mary E. Andrews: Evangelistic work. Miss Grace M. Breck: In charge of girls’ schools. Miss Esther F. Moody: Evangelistic work.

Shantung District

Lintsing (1886). — Rev. Robert B. Whitaker: Evangelistic work. Mrs. Louise B. Whitaker. Miss Ethel M. Long: Educational work in Girls’ School. AlmaL. Cooke, M. D.: In charge of Women’s Hospital. Mr. Ernest W. Houlding: Educational work. Mrs. FlorenceB. Hould- ing.

Tehsien (1914). — (Pangchwang) (1880). — Rev. CharlesE.Ewing: Evangelistic and outstation work. Mrs. Bessie G. Ewing. Francis F. Tucker, M.D.; Mrs. Emma B. Tucker, M. D .; Lois Pendleton, M. D: Physicians in charge of the Williams and Porter Hospitals. Miss Myra L. Sawyer: Superintendent of Nurses’ Training School. Miss E. Gertrude Wyckoff: Evangelistic work for women. Rev. Harold S. Matthews: Vice-Principal Porter Academy. Mrs. Grace W. Matthews. Miss Alice C. Reed; Miss Mabel I. Huggins: Teachers in Girls’ School.

Tsinan (1920). — Rev. Lyman V. Cady: Professor in Theological School, Shantung Christian University. Mrs. Muriel P. Cady.

Shanghai (Kiangsu) (1923). —

Shansi District

Taiku (1882). — Willoughby A. Hemingway, M. D .: Physician in charge of Judson Smith Memorial Hospital. Mrs. Mary E. Heming­ way; PaulL. Corbin, D. D.: Country Evangelistic work. Rev. Wynn C. Fairfield; Vice-Principal, Oberlin-Shansi Memorial Academy. Mrs. Daisie G. Fairfield. Rev. Philip D. Dutton: City Evangelistic work. Mrs. Helen W. Dutton. Miss Flora K. Heebner: Evangelistic work for women. Miss Alzina C. Munger: Principal of Girls’ Board­ ing School. Miss Alma M. Atzel: Miss Helen Dizney: Nurses in hospital; training of nurses. The China Missions 129

Fenchow (1886). — Clara A. Nutting, M. D.: Women’s Medical work. Miss Grace E. McConnaughey: Women’s evangelistic work. Miss Luella Miner, Litt.D.: Literary work. Rev. Paul R. Reynolds: Religious education for young people. Mrs. Charlotte B. Reynolds. Jean A. Curran, M. D.: Medical work; language study. Mrs. Frances R. Curran: Language study. Mr. Winfield A. McLean: Business Manager for hospital. Mrs. Elizabeth H. McLean. Miss Katherine Reynolds: Language study; kindergartener. Miss Mary L. McClure: Evangelistic work. Miss Josie E. Horn: Teacher in Girls’ School. Miss Gertrude N. Wood: Educational work. Miss Helen Gallagher: Language study.

On Furlough. — Percy T. Watson, M. D.; Mrs. Clara F. Watson; Rev. Alfred D. Heininger; Mrs. Erma K. Heininger; Rev. Vinton P. Eastman; Mrs. Florence C. Eastman; Rev. Watts O. Pye; Mrs. Ger­ trude C. Pye; Rev. Frank Rawlinson, D. D.; Mrs. Florence L. Rawlin- son; Mrs. Pauline A.Grimes; Mrs. Eleanor W. Sheffield; Rev. William B. Stelle; Mrs. M. Elizabeth Stelle; Mr. James H. McCann; Mrs. Netta K. McCann; Mrs. Miriam L. Corbin; Miss Cora M. Walton; Miss Gertrude E. Kellogg; Miss RuthE. Van Kirk; Miss Gladys M. Williams; Miss Constance Buell; Miss Hazel F. Bailey; Miss Louise E. Miske.

Associated with the Mission. — (Tientsin) Miss Marion E. Talcott: Secretarial work. Miss Mabel G. Silsby: Office assistant. (Peking) Rev. and Mrs. Robert M. Bartlett: Teaching, Peking Univer­ sity. Miss ConstanceL. Sargent: Secretary. Miss HelenL. Gunderson Music teacher, Yenching College. Miss Fannie R. Harmon: Teacher, Bridgman Academy. (Tunghsien) Miss Ellen F. Ingram: Teacher in Jefferson Academy. Mr. Laban E.Fleak: Teacher, Jefferson Academy (Paotingfu) Rev. and Mrs. Francis M. Price: Evangelistic work. (Lintsing) Miss Maude M. McGwigan: Nurse in Hospital. (Tehsien) Mr. J. Forrest Chapman: Teacher in Porter Academy; Rev. and Mrs. Emery W. Ellis: Assistants in hospital. Miss Grace 0. Jevne: Nurse. (Taiku) Mr. and Mrs. Albert C. Hausske: Business manager of hospital. Mr. Samuel E. Wilson; Theodore W. Forbes: Teachers in Oberlin- Shansi Memorial Academy. Dr. Emily F. Rorer: Medical work. (Fenchow) Miss Helen A. McClure: Secretarial work. Mr. Julius L. Krause: English teacher in Boy’s school. Mr. Erwin A. Hertz: Educational work. 130 The China Missions

In all, seventeen missionaries have returned to the mission and nineteen have come for furlough. Miss Kelley and Miss Williams have extended their furloughs on account of health reasons. Those ex­ pected to take their furloughs in 1925 are Mr and Mrs. Fairfield, Mr. and Mrs. Hunter, Mr. and Mrs. Shaw, Dr. and Mrs. H. S. Galt, Miss Dizney, Dr. Lois Pendleton, Dr. Alma Cooke, Miss Phelps, Miss Dick­ inson, and Miss Cross. Several missionaries have withdrawn from the mission. Dr. and Mrs. Charles A. Siler have removed to Tientsin where he is in private practice. Miss Katherine P. Crane has joined the staff of the North China Union Language School. Miss Vera M. Holmes is in America permanently since her marriage to Mr. Roy D. Young. Miss Edith C. Tallinon is not planning to return to China. Mr. and Mrs. Hummel of Fenchow have been transferred to Peking, because of his appointment to the Union Language School. Miss Marion Chatfield, who was in the Language School is now located in Tientsin. The new missionaries are Rev. Stephen C. Peabody, appointed last year, and Mrs. Anne W. Peabody, Miss Valley L. Nel­ son, and Miss Helen Gallagher, all in the Language School in Peking, and the following term workers: Rev. Robert M. Bartlett, Peking University, Miss Fannie R. Harmon, Bridgman Academy, Peking; Miss Marion E. Talcott, Tientsin; Mr. Laban E. Fleak, Jefferson Academy, Tunghsien; Mr. J. Forrest Chapman, Porter Academy, Tehsien; Mr. Samuel E. Wilson and Mr. Theodore WT. Forbes, Oberlin- Shansi Memorial Academy, Taiku, Mr. Erwin A. Hertz, Fenchow.

STATISTICS (1923). — Stations 7; outstations 205. Approxi­ mate population of the field 11,500,000. The missionaries: ordained 32; unordained 14; wives 45; single women 49; total missionaries 140; associate workers 24. The Chinese force: ordained workers 8; other unordained Christian workers: men 241, women 70; teachers, men 213; women 127; total Chinese workers 777. The Chinese Church: places of regular meeting 501; organized churches 143; communicants, men 11,035; women 3,375; total 14,410; net increase 2,810. Bap­ tized non-communicants; 8,080; others under Christian instruction 14,235; total constituency 36,725. Sunday Schools: 48 with a membership of 4,098. The educational work: 8 normal, Bible and industrial training schools with 407 pupils; 1 college with 36 students; 11 middle schools with 1,165 pupils; 17 higher primary schools with 610 pupils; 135 lower primary schools with 5,154 pupils; 11 kinder­ gartens with 299 pupils; 185 schools with 7,729 under instruction. The China Missions 131

The medical work: on the staff there are 11 foreign doctors and 7 foreign nurses; 13 Chinese doctors; 72 Chinese nurses; 24 other hospital helpers. Hospitals: 10 with 326 beds; 2,572 in-patients; operations of all kinds 2,368; dispensaries 12; patients 20,560; total treat­ ments 66,902. In connection with the hospitals there are 3 training schools for nurses and 48 students. Contributions for church work $5,632; for education $22,137; for other objects $18,581; total con­ tributions $46,349.

SOUTH CHINA

Canton (1891). — Miss Edna Lowrey: Teacher in the Union Nor­ mal School.

On Furlough. — Rev. Obed S. Johnson; Mrs. VidaL. Johnson.

The personnel for South China is the same as a year ago. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson have prolonged their furlough for special study and deputation work.

STATISTICS (1921.) -— The statistics are only an approximation. Stations 1; outstations 33; Missionaries: ordained 1; wives 1; single women 1; total missionaries 3. The native force: ordained preachers 2; unordained preachers 24; teachers 44; other native workers 11; total workers 81. The church is represented in 34 places of regular meeting where there are 21 organized churches with 2,680 communicants; 117 added during the year; total constituency 3,335. There are 14 Sunday Schools with a membership of 633.

SUMMARY OF STATISTICS FOR CHINA

Stations 13; outstations 344; estimated population of field 15,000,- 000. The missionaries: ordained men 47; unordained 23; wives 67 single women 75; total missionaries 212; associate workers 29. The native force: ordained preachers 30; unordained preachers 336; teachers 655; other workers 286; total workers 1,307. The Chinese Church: places of regular meeting 662; organized churches 247; com­ municants 20,609; added during the year 3,066; total constituency 48,627; Sunday Schools 149 with a membership of 9,658. The educational work: 9 training and theological schools with 422 students; 132 The China Missions

3 colleges with 61 students from the Missions; 15 middle schools with 1,410 pupils: 287 primary schools with 10,774 pupils; 20 kindergartens with 573 pupils; total schools 336, and total under instruction 13,516. The native contribution not including South China: For Christian work $10,719; for education $39,213; for other purposes $20,702; total contributions $70,703. The medical work: Hospitals 18; dispensaries 20; patients 45,000; total treatments 149,962. The China Report

The American Board maintains three missions in China. Before 1922 it had four, but upon the resignation of two families from the South China mission, which always was small in size and for some years had been quite divided in its policies, it was decided to close the mission and to continue its lines of work through union missionary organiza­ tions which had been developed in Canton. Rev. Obed S. Johnson and family and Miss Edna Lowrey continue as our representatives in the task, the former being on the staff of the Union Theological College; the latter (supported by the W. B. M. I.) is Principal of the Union Normal School (for girls). The absence on furlough of the Johnsons throws still more of responsibility for the oversight of the evangelistic and church work wherein the American Board shares on the Union Committee of foreigners and Chinese which heads this co-operative evangelism. It is very earnestly felt that in some way the American Board should directly participate in the nurture of the large number of village churches, the outgrowth of its work, scattered over the country field. The fifteen members of the graduating class of the Normal School are enough to supply about half the requests for teachers already filed. The planned new building is still deferred and the wells are so poor that water is scarce and dear. “ Physically we exist; spiritually and socially we live,” is Miss Lowrey’s summing up. Of the three missions now existing one is the North China Mission with its seven stations in three great provinces, Chihli, Shantung and Shansi. These stations are strategically located in important cities, influencing large areas. Three of them are in Chihli Province, Chin Chao, the Chinese name for the station formed in 1922 by the com­ bining of Peking and its suburb of Tunghsien into one station, Tientsin, and Paotingfu', two in Shantung Province, Tehchow on the Trunk Railroad line, and Lintsing on the Grand Canal; two in Shansi, Taiku, an old and established banking center of China, and Fenchow, a com­ mercial and literary city. The Shansi cities are the smallest in population, Taiku having about 125,000 and Fenchow 140,000; Peking and Tientsin are the largest, approximating a million people each; the others run from 250,000 to over 400,000. In these stations are 133 134 The China Missions located 140 missionaries; in them and their 188 outstations these missionaries with their 750 Chinese co-workers conduct their varied and far-reaching activities. The other two missions are much farther south, in Fukien Province, a district lying between North and South China, and peculiarly exposed to the wearying conflict still kept up between the north and the south. One of these two, the Foochow mission, has its seat at Foochow City, with two other country stations at Ingtai and Diongloh. From these three centers and their 71 outstations, 50 missionaries and 300 Chinese fellow workers go forth to their sowing and reaping. Thé other mis­ sion, Shaowu, is located in the highland section of the province up the Min River; its base is at Shaowu City, and its second station is j ust established at Kienning. Twenty-four missionaries and 160 Christian Chinese are at work in these stations and their 35 outstations.

The Burden of Civil Disorder. — The ravages of prolonged civil war continued to affect all these missions during 1923, though in somewhat various ways. Both the Foochow and the Shaowu missions, on account of their location, endured the harrowing of military in­ cursions, disturbing both city and country. Ingtai station, on the main road from Foochow City south to Canton, during the year was “ under” seven different armies, each one vying with the preceding to raise a yet larger assessment. The country was being bled white, with soldiers marching and remarching, camping upon the land, living off the people, and commanders and officials imposing ever heavier taxes and commandeering the aid of able-bodied men and even women to carry loads and to serve as coolies. Cruelty and oppression made the hearts of the missionaries ache. Demoralization was general and widespread; even neighbors, friends and relatives were sometimes worse than the bandits. Generations of corruption and misgovernment were recognized as being back of this reaping of the whirlwind. Dr. Beard, the secretary of the Foochow Mission at Foo­ chow, declares that during the first part of the year political conditions in the whole province were very bad. “ It is hard to understand how the poor people bear up under the depredations of the bandits and the exactions of the militarists. The farmers are forced to plant opium and pay $400 an acre for the privilege. Merchants must pay even larger sums of money as the different generals want it. The strong laborers must carry loads for the army with little pay. The rivers are infested with bandits and the military so that commodities cannot be shipped.” The China Missions 135

Shaowu mission was also in the path of marching armies, whose effect upon the life of the people and the welfare of industry and of trade was the same as at Foochow. Business was practically stopped through fear of seizure of goods and the loss of all profits; the towns and villages were required to provide food for the soldiers and funds for the officers. The kindness of some of the Christian villagers in caring for the wounded and in ministering to the needs of the hungry soldiers was rewarded by special consideration shown in notable cases and by the protection of Christian chapels from the bands of marauders. Yet the general fear and the constant upsetting of the routine of life by these military movements kept the whole countryside excited and more difficult to reach. In the field of the North China mission, especially in Shantung Province, banditry became much more widespread and serious during 1923. The holdup of an express train on the Tientsin-Pukow railroad and the carrying off of foreigners to be held for ransom, brought to the attention of the whole world the menace of banditry as it was increasing in China. Its relation, on the one hand, to military life through the slipping into it of discharged or deserting soldiers, and on the other hand to political affairs through its use as a weapon by rival officials and political parties, increased the sense of its seriousness, and the plight into which China had fallen when such general disorder could break out and be suffered to continue. Both the Board stations in Shantung felt the effect of this general disorder. Tehchow escaped during the earlier part of the year, but later on attacks were made on villages and some of their people were seized and carried away, including pupils from Christian schools in one of the villages; no church members were among the victims in this village, however, and it appears there was no intention of involving the church. Lintsing suffered most glaringly in this reign of terror through the almost continuous activity of groups of bandits wandering about and terrorizing the people. In many cases normal life was brought to a standstill. Mr. Whitaker’s diary shows that there was hardly a month when there were not fugitives fleeing from the nearby villages to Lintsing City. In the latter part of the year almost a continuous stream of such refugees were flocking into the city with their carts piled high with household goods. The situation became more gruesome as the military began to make efforts to stop this banditry. Fighting de­ veloped between the bandits and the troops a little northwest of 136 The China Missions

Lintsing resulting finally in the capture of the bandits, 200 of whom were butchered. Ninety-two were beheaded and the severed heads deco­ rated the entrance of the west gate of the city, within five minutes’ walk of our mission compound. Later, when a memorial service for the soldiers killed in the fighting was held, three of these captured bandits were tortured before an immense crowd of spectators. The nature of these tortures is too revolting to be described. The mis­ sionaries were forced to keep their children inside the compound and to seek to guard them from a knowledge of the horrible details. The American consul requested the Americans not to leave the city except when absolutely necessary; all travellers over these districts were obliged to do so at their own risk and in opposition to the advice of the government, passports and permits having a clause written on the back of them saying that they did not cover travel in the vicinity of Lintsing. In Chihli, seat of the national government, there was less banditry and no fighting, and in the neighborhood of Peking and Tunghsien, blessed with the presence of the famous Christian General Feng Yu Hsiang and his officers and soldiers, there was a reassuring sense of protection; but the practical paralysis of government during much of the year kept Peking in ferment and uncertainty, shared in a measure by mission forces at Tientsin and Paotingfu. The rural province of Shansi to the west, under the control of the fine Governor Yen, enjoyed a peaceful and prosperous year. Mr. Corbin of Taiku records “ In contrast with those parts of China where brigandage has flourished, where the work of Christian missions has been interrupted or destroyed altogether and where missionaries have been in personal danger, we have had the great privilege of going about without molestation or thought of trouble in a quiet, orderly, well- governed province."

The Ongoing of the Christian Movement. — After picturing the despoiling which afflicted Fukien Province through fighting, banditry and the camping of armies therein, as quoted above, Dr. Beard adds: “And yet the growth of the Christian church and schools goes on and there is gradually being formed a Christian social order that must bring righteousness to these people.” That is the amazing fact, noted in previous years, but even more obvious and impressive this last year in the life and development of the churches and in the progress of evangelistic movements in all the China fields. The China Missions 137

Notwithstanding the obstacles, the interruptions and the distraction of mind and heart, the Christian messenger has been able to deliver his message and the Gospel has won a hearing and a response. From all parts of the Foochow mission comes this testimony. Even Ingtai, dominated by seven different armies during the year, has all the time been a fruitful field for the touring missionary and the Chinese preacher and pastor. Mr. Smith was still able to travel along the river valleys and up the foothills of his country field to counsel with and to cheer the pastors in the village churches. His report, almost without varia­ tion, was of his delighted surprise in finding how vital and how vigor­ ous was the Christian movement. Towards the close of the year 1923 was held the annual conference of the native church connected with Foochow Mission. The spirit of this meeting and the action it took reflected the progress that had been made. First of all it was voted to approve joining "The Church of Christ in China” ; it was a broadening vision and a deepening of the Christian spirit that led these country folk to break away from pro­ vincial and denominational restraints and to ally themselves with what they felt was a real and growing Christianity now implanted in China. Another significant feature of this meeting was the licensing of eighteen young men as preachers, twelve of them, by the way, from Ingtai and its country fields. The significance of the addition of this new generation of young men, devoted, trained and now licensed, to the leaders in the churches needs more than passing note to make itself realized. It gets emphasis from the testimony of another field that many of the newer members now coming into the church life and into Christian service are walking more worthily of their high calling, reveal clearer understanding of the Christian ideal and of the spirit that should control and are less selfish and material in their ideas. They have got farther along in the transformation of life which the Gospel effects and give promise of an abler and more devoted ministry. The oversight of these Chinese pastors, both the ordained men and those who, graduating from middle school or between their middle school and their higher training or during school vacations, are offer­ ing themselves for work in their home districts or in the new localities that are being opened, is more and more the stirring task of the district or evangelistic missionary. Even the missionaries busy in educational work rejoice in giving time to follow up their students as they are making beginnings in Christian work. Dr. Beard of Foochow College reports a busy week with Mr. Topping touring in Diongloh and later a 138 The China Missions fortnight in another section in conference with pastors and preachers. Mr. Donaldson of Ingtai writes of the many and difficult problems that confront these young preachers: “ In addition to the natural lethargy of the uneducated mind which comprises the majority of our constitu­ ency, we have, in common with the rest of China, the ever-present poli­ tical problems and the irritating situations to which they give birth.” He feels, however, that the preachers are really trying to give to those among whom they are working the best as they have experienced it. Twenty-two students were busy in summer work throughout Ingtai District whose situation, it will be seen, called for the best wisdom and energy of their missionary in guidance, with due proportion of warning and encouragement. Mr. Goertz in Foochow City, whose special task it is to aid the churches and the pastors, is cheered by his confidence that the work is making progress. So far the effort has been largely to get a common mind among the preachers and pastors, to make them feel the relation­ ship of their task to the whole work, a sense of the fellowship which should be their stimulus, and the unity of purpose and of effort in which they shall seek each not merely his own things but also the things of others. It is no small task to instil into the minds of the Chinese ministry some of these ideals and regulative principles which are commonplaces of our Christian inheritance. Mr. Goertz feels that the stage is now set for real spiritual progress and that the younger pastors and preachers of the Foochow Mission are ready to go forward to far greater accomplishment. In Shaowu also, despite the unsettled conditions, the missionaries were able to keep up their touring among the churches, and the practice was continued of somewhat lengthy tours by a party made up of Chinese pastors and evangelists and a missionary, the program of the touring covering some weeks of time and a visit in turn to villages and churches along the trails by which Christianity has spread in this mountain country. At the close of the year the outreaching work was suddenly checked by a disastrous fire which broke out in the new station at Kienning, driving the missionary ladies in residence there out of the building they were occupying, whose lower story provided the preacher’s rooms and the church audience room, all of which, including household furniture and personal treasures, were swiftly destroyed. Happily no lives were lost, the fire being stayed till all had clambered out. The temporary quarters of the girls’ school, though at some distance from the house, The China Missions 139

served as a refuge. The absence of wind spared the neighboring buildings. The missionary party was compelled to withdraw to Shaowu City pending plans for the restoration of the house and the renewal of the work. Banditry in Shantung Province in the North China mission inter­ fered somewhat with the missionaries’ covering their fields and visiting the churches. Mr. Whitaker atLintsing deplores the fact that country work was at a standstill as far as missionary supervision was concerned during portions of the year. Chinese officials did not wish the mis­ sionaries to travel without military escort, which they felt made the travel doubly dangerous as the bandits were on the warpath against the military and to travel with such an escort was to court trouble. It is gratefully recorded that the fine, loyal group of evangelistic work­ ers in Lintsing’s country field stayed by their posts and did their best in the midst of upset conditions. Station classes for enquirers and to fit candidates for church membership were carried on as usual besides regular evangelistic preaching and visiting, and in spite of interruptions the year 1923 clearly shows progress all over the field. One hundred and seventy-two were received into the church by confes­ sion of faith in addition to 274 received on probation; whereas al­ though until 1923 this year there had only been one fully organized church on the field in Lintsing City, the other places having only preach­ ing stations, during the past year five churches were fully organized with consecration of deacons and election of necessary officers and committees. All these churches are in hopeful centers. Here as in the Foochow Mission it seems that the large labor of the missionary has been in the nurture and support of these Chinese work­ ers in the field. Conferences have been held with them which have been felt to be of great value. These gatherings were usually held in Lintsing City. It is recognized how sorely the preachers need the stimulus of such conferences, with their meager education and training and their solitary life in these outlying communities, practically cut off from outside sources of intellectual and spiritual growth in Christian things. It is of immense value to them to be brought together in the fellowship of Christian thought and affection and through days of study and comradeship to catch anew the inspiration of the Christian life"and the impulse to Christian service with which they may go back to their fields. Several such conferences were held during the year in Lintsing, and some of the same general nature in the outfields, for the sake of lay leaders and church members. 140 The China Missions

A notable sign of progress during the year at Lintsing has been the increasing number who offered themselves for volunteer lay service. Because of insufficient funds the group of preachers is necessarily much smaller than is needed, but lay workers are doing much to meet this lack. The matter of their training and heartening is most im­ portant. It is planned to have them come to Lintsing twice during the year for two-month periods of training in a workers’ training class. The success of the first class of the kind gives great encouragement to the operation of this plan. These helpers are a picked group, recom­ mended in each case by the preacher of their own church. It is hoped that after the same group of workers has been gathered for such study twice a year for two or three consecutive years they may gradually be fitted for real leadership among their people; and it is hoped that the churches may be ready to receive them and to follow their leadership, looking forward to the day when the Chinese church shall become self- supporting, both spiritually and financially. This development of the laity is felt to be a long step in the right direction. Report from the other Shantung station at Tehsien stresses also some gratifying signs of increased activity and resourcefulness among the country churches and on the part of their Chinese leaders. Mis­ sionary touring was not discommoded in this station, Mr. and Mrs. Ewing being able to cover the field two or three times during the year. There is the usual mingling of disappointment and rejoicing in the survey of the year; the lapses of some preachers and some churches in meeting the standards of their Christian profession and the vigorous efforts of other churches and their leaders to fulfill their responsibilities and to develop their life. It is interesting to note that Pang Chuang, the original seat of this station which was moved ten years ago to Tehsien as being a more promising location on the railroad line, has fully recovered from its apparent loss when the station was thus re­ moved, another evidence of the fact that it does churches good some­ times, in China as well as in America, to have the props removed so that they are compelled to rest upon their own foundations and to face and carry by themselves their own responsibilities. The church at Tehsien is a unit by itself, quite apart from the build­ ings and activities of the mission station. It is gradually making itself a felt force in the community, undertaking big things in response to the call of the pastor who is ever looking ahead. One gain of the year at this station was the layout of a five year program including proposals for training lay workers and outreaching for new converts, the The China Missions 141 number being set for 10,000 for the five years. Furthermore it was recognized that the churches must largely increase their money contri­ butions, and the hope was put on record that within five years at least two of the ten centers should become entirely self-supporting. This is not a record of attainment but of proposals, yet the proposals are significant as indicating the spirit and energy of a living church. The three stations in Chihli Province have been pressing work evangelistically in somewhat individual ways. At Tientsin City Mr. Leete, freshly come from Shansi, compelled to change his residence, found opening to him abundant and remarkable opportunities for work among the large student body there. From students in govern­ ment universities and schools of different grades, as well as within the mission area, he found it possible to form classes for Bible study and for character building. Many of the students were from high-bred and influential families, young men of promise and eager-hearted, whom it was a delight to know and to try to help. For all available time there was work enough of a character to draw upon the leader’s best re­ sources of intellectual preparation and Christian experience. His heart was full of gratitude for the chance that was given him thus to influence the life and thought of those who will make some of the leaders of the China of tomorrow. At the Chin Chao station a week of evangelism following immediately after the Chinese New Year saw the tents setup in the dry stream-bed in the heart of Tunghsien City and the crowds that flocked compelled two services rather than the three that were planned since they would allow no intermission between the morning and afternoon meetings. Special stimulus and encouragement was given to these meetings by the participation in them of the soldiers connected with General Feng Yu Hsiang’s army, the General himself being secured as one of the speakers at the closing meeting. Following the work here the tent and the preaching band visited six other centers for meetings of a week or ten days each. Conferences for preachers and for Bible women were held during the year with the same aim and with the same effect as have been noted in other parts of the North China field. The ordaining of four fine young men in one day at the fall Thanksgiving meeting doubled the number of ordained Chinese at work in this district. A grievous feature of the year’s work in this field was the incoming of the Pentecostal Mission with its characteristic distracting and divisive influence. Emissaries of this sect stressed miraculous healing and the speaking with tongues, and proclaiming themselves heralds of the 142 The China Missions

higher life, definitely addressed themselves to the Christian Chinese rather than to those outside. The new element which arrested atten­ tion and drew hearers was the speaking with tongues; when all prayed at the same time audibly and independently the desired fervor was produced. A few of the most devoted and impressionable Christian Chinese connected with our work were drawn into this movement, some becoming almost hysterical over it and, in one case indeed, mentally unbalanced. The wave gradually spent itself, but meanwhile much harm had been done and the steady work in the district had suffered serious interruption. In this district also conferences or retreats for evangelists and per­ sonal workers have proved of great value for the deepening of feeling and the stimulating to a higher life as well as for the attaining to a better intellectual perception of the Christian message. Instead of stressing the preaching band all the year, preachers were advised to go out single-handed to the more remote parts of their own field to help persons and groups who were interested in religion but who might not conveniently come to the church because of their distance from it. Three weeks of each month it was advised each preacher should be away from his immediate home location. This threw responsibility for conduct of services in the home church, and for personal work for individuals, on the church officers and members. The evangelists themselves are delighted with this new form of simple witnessing, living among the people to whom they go. It is too early to tabulate results although good results have already been reported but it is felt that there is a possibility of real advance by this method of Christian evangelism. Paotingfu's unique situation lies in the fact that its work is so largely in the huge country field of twenty populous counties lying to the south of the city. Special evangelistic work, begun two years ago, has continued with increasing power: the experiment is being tried of sending two Chinese workers, one more highly educated and one less trained as an assistant, to tour in several of these counties, visiting the centers where work has been started, helping the resident preacher or teacher, counseling as to the study class and other forms of work, and in general holding together this wide-reaching enterprise so that results may not be frittered away. Signs are multiplying that the whole field is ripe for harvesting and that with support provided for the development of the plan, both as to staff of workers and as to funds for their use, the Christian movement in Paotingfu will become The China Missions 143 dominant over the large areas and huge populations in this country field. At Paotingfu the week of evangelism was signalized by the part that was taken in it by Chinese Christian soldiers; two officers from General Feng’s army came down from Peking and spoke both morning and evening in the church and in the city chapel. After the morning services the church members formed preaching bands and went out into the nearby villages to do street preaching. It was impressive to see the friendliness with which they were received. Attentive audiences gathered for the evening meetings and were especially interested in hearing about the Christian work being done in General Feng’s army. Just before these officers left Peking over 4,000 soldiers were baptized, bringing the number of Christians up to 20,000 in his army of 35,000. If one thinks that such an ingathering must be very superficial and nominal he should read in detail the methods that are taken for the Christian education and training of these soldiers. All is conducted with military precision and thoroughness and there is abundant testimony that the fruits of the Christian life are being shown in the bearing and conduct of this soldiery, unique in Chinese history. Those who are closest to General Feng and most familiar with his evangeliz­ ing methods are most emphatic as to the sincere and effective effort he is making to Christianize his army. The development of the Christian church and of its outreaching effort made notable progress during 1923 in Shansi where political conditions were quieter. In Taiku City the outstanding event was the undertaking of a new church building in the city with suitable quarters for community work. Dr. Mark Williams, for fifty-four years a missionary of the Board in North China, left in his will a bequest of $2,000 gold for the purpose of this church. With this as a nucleus the effort to raise necessary funds was undertaken. Generous gifts from America, particularly from the Schwenkfelder churches of Pennsyl­ vania, provided the larger part of these funds, but an impressive amount, between six and seven thousand dollars Mexican, was raised in China, half of it pledged by local gentry and the county magistrates of Taiku. The story of this church runs over into 1924 as the edifice is just now being completed and used. An auditorium capable of seating a thousand people, with rooms for various departments of church work, adjoining rooms for kindergarten school, two wings for men’s work and women’s work, suggest the extent and variety of uses which are contemplated for this new plant in the heart of Taiku City. 144 The China Missions

Despite some disappointing losses in the staff of Chinese workers, some of them revealing the difficulties and temptations which beset even the leaders in the churches, the year was characterized by vigorous and effective work. The best thing of all, Mr. Dutton feels, has been the Saturday evening Bible class at the city chapel. It is noticeable how in all our China fields the missionaries emphasis in reviewing their labors is more and more on the training conference and the Bible classes. It is the close and continued association with selected groups of inquirers or students that are felt to be the best agency for instilling Christianity into the life of the Chinese. Mr. Corbin, commenting. on the work in Taiku country field under his care, also dwells on the eight short classes which he has been holding in various churches in the field. The program was strenuous. Morning and evening services were held each day with three class periods in the middle of the day; members of the classes came from villages round about the center; the evening meetings were made more popular in character in several places; large numbers of women and girls came in for some of the sessions. The week of evangelism in this field was carefully planned and vigorously carried out. About 250 Christians united in the service. Over 200 villages and cities were visited; 25,000 people were reached. “ No arguments for the work of evangelism are now needed in any of our churches” adds Mr. Corbin. By an adjustment between the American Board Mission in Shansi and the English Baptist Mission, a transfer of fields has been made which adds to the American Board’s area two districts in Central Shansi; one of them is attached to Taiku, the other to Fenchow. This addition involves of course extra labor and points to the opening of some new centers for outstation work. The added burden is heavy but is courageously and hopefully assumed as giving promise of greatly increased results. The spreading of the Gospel in the Fenchow field means literally covering a huge territory which opens out and on unceasingly. The West Road, as it is called, that is, the road that runs from Shansi across the Yellow River into Shensi and on to the Mongolian border, has proved a highway for the Gospel message unparalleled in Christian work in China. The latest revelation is the getting into contact with two Mongolian princes, men of wealth and of highest official authority in their region, who have become interested in the Christian church as they have seen it in the border towns of Shensi. One of them is planning, himself, to build a city on the Mongolian side of the border The China Missions 145 and wants to provide for Christian institutions and work there. There seems to be an exceptional virility and enterprise in these frontiers of China that furnish especially fruitful soil for the growth of Chris­ tianity. While old China is crystallized in habits and customs, this western part is much more plastic,. As Mr. Pye remarks, “ The social baggage of the eastern provinces is only partially unpacked in this region.” The record of the outlying churches in Shansi and in Shensi reveals rapid growth. Recorded additions of membership for the year were 147 in one church, 195 in another, and 258 at a third center. Such rapid growth calls for great care and immense devotion in the examina­ tion and training of these young converts. The work of the Chinese pastors in this area is in general as gratifying as it is amazing. Most of them young men with only moderate training themselves, sent out to distant posts there to live amid the temptations and obstacles which press upon them in their surroundings, they yet hold on with a steadiness, a devotion, a wisdom and a good will which are marvelous. Emphasis is laid upon the value of the summer conferences at Yu Tai Ho in the foothills near Fenchow City to which men are brought from long distances, and indeed from other missions, until an attendance of some 300 is secured. These conferences furnish the time for fresh inspiration, the experience of fellowship, the stimulus of common devotion, and counsel and help upon individual problems, from all of which they go back with fresh purpose and zeal to their tasks. The churches are making steady increase towards self-support and towards the assuming of responsibility for the care of the work in their local field. It is preeminently a day of Christian opportunity now in Northern Shansi and Shensi; which gives emphasis to Mr. Pye’s comment as he reviews the field work, “ The Mission should strike hard when the pendulum swings their way.”

In the Educational Field. — The year 1923 showed the influence of the work of the China Educational Commission whose monumental report, which appeared in 1922, marked an epoch in missionary edu­ cational work in China. The Commission stressed the importance of the middle, or high and preparatory school, as the crux of the problem. It was pointed out that the middle school, standing midway between the elementary schools and the colleges or universities, was to make the most general and widespread contribution to the Christian up-bringing of Chinese 146 The China Missions youth and the development of a Christian spirit and custom in China. While higher education was indispensable for the training of specialists and broadly educated leaders, and while the lower schools had their part to render in reaching the masses of the children, the middle school, both for boys and girls, addressed itself to the brighter and more ambitious youth, brought them into closer and more continued asso­ ciation with mission forces and gave the opportunity to shape thought and purpose during impressionable years toward the service of Christian ideals in China. The purpose and policy that should regulate these middle schools was worked out with much detail and had its effect upon mission policies. Happily the educational leaders in the Ameri­ can Board Mission seem, in general, to have been prepared for this deliverance of the Commission and in some cases had been experi­ menting in its direction. The Board now maintains in its three China missions a half-dozen senior middle schools, and through co-operation in Canton shares in the maintenance of another there. These senior high schools provide a six-year course, whereas the junior schools are limited to four years. The senior schools prepare their students directly for entrance into the colleges and universities of China. The Woman’s Boards also have several schools of senior grade. A typical school of this grade is the Charles E. Jefferson Academy at Tunghsien in the suburbs of Peking, which serves not only such nearer stations of the North China mission as Tientsin and Paotingfu, but draws its student body from many provinces and from many lower schools including government schools. The great event of the year 1923 for this academy was the opening of Warner Hall, the donation to this institution of Dr. and Mrs. Lucien C. Warner and their children, Mr. and Mrs. Franklin Warner, the junior members of this quartet fortunately being able to be present and participate in the dedication exercises. The addition to the plant and equipment which this ample hall of varied uses provides brings new prestige and influence to the school and accounts in part for the addi­ tion of 100 new students this year. Oberlin-Shansi Academy at Taiku, a memorial to the Oberlin martyrs of Boxer days in that mission, is another well developed institution, directed and chiefly supported by?an organization of Oberlin alumni and students. The other American Board station in Shansi, Fenchow, also has a school which seeks to minister to the fuller training of students that crowd into it not only from the immediate district of Fenchow but from all parts of northwestern Shansi and now from Shensi The China Missions 147

Province beyond. Some of these students come hundreds of miles of wearisome travel in order to get the advantages which this school can give them and with which they can go back to help their villages and their people. Foochow College in the south is still another representative of these senior middle schools, whose students are fitted either to go directly into business, teaching, or other pursuits, or to go on to Fukien Christian University. This school also is attended by an increasing number of students and is serving a constantly enlarging area. It is interesting to note that several of our American colleges are now directly related to and aiding in the conduct of some of these middle schools. As Oberlin the academy atTaiku, so Grinnell is backing the Porter Middle School, another senior middle school at Tehsien in Shantung Province, which school had an 80 per cent in­ crease of students last year. Carleton College is sending one of its graduates each year, for a year of responsibility and help at the middle school in Fenchow. Dartmouth College is helping in the aid of higher primary educational work at Paotingfu station in Chihli Province, and looks toward adding the higher grades. Middle schools and academies of the four-year grade exist in two other of the stations, both in North China. Foochow and Shaowu have Han Mei Academy at Shaowu City, and the Boys’ Boarding School at Diongloh. The work in all these middle schools, both senior and junior grade, has been made in some ways more difficult by present conditions in China. Administration and discipline in such schools have become harder. The Chinese student of today is passing through a stage in development when he (in the case of girls we should say she) is quite self-assertive and difficult to guide, and jealous of his or her own free­ dom. Such is the testimony of those who are working with them and for them, who rejoice over the signs of awakening thought, the stirrings of individual purpose and ambition and the ardor of a desire to set free both individual life and the country’s life. It is good to see in­ dependent thinking and a disposition toward self-reliance. Yet the period of adolescence in China today, not unlike a similar period in other lands, is one of some anxiety and trembling of heart for those who are set to train and guide the youth in secondary schools. By the time the college and the university are reached the students are older and somewhat more mature and amenable to reason and argument. The three universities with which the American Board is associated, 148 The China Missions

Peking, Shantung and Fukien Christian, all rejoice over increasing numbers and opportunity while they are pressed with the increasing burdens that ensue, particularly of course the financial burden. The value of these universities in the helping of mission work is already apparent. Reports for the year mention the coming of young men and young women from the training of one and another of these higher institutions to the aid of middle schools and lower schools in all the fields; not only general lines of education, but Bible training, physical culture, agriculture, social service, are furthered by these young graduates. Another need which the Educational Commission stressed was the need of more teacher-training. This also was being developed during the last year in many of our fields. All our universities have educa­ tional departments or courses. Shantung University at Tsinanfu maintained a summer school for teacher-training to which teachers of mission schools were drawn; five teachers of the Porter Middle School, Tehchow, attended last summer with great profit to themselves and their work. A third line of missionary education stressed by the Commission was agricultural training as an adjunct to other teacher-training, so that teachers who go to the village schools and into the country dis­ tricts may be able to be community helpers not only in school and to their students, but in their life in the community, through the counsel they may give and the example they may set to the people about them. One immediate illustration of this line of work, already started indeed before the Commission made its report, is the Union Normal and Middle School at Foochow, in which the Methodist Mission and the American Board Mission unite to maintain a school that attempts to combine with general teacher-training, special features such as a strong agricul­ tural department and cabinet making. In the short time of its existence only eleven pupils have been graduated, but every one of the graduates have gone into mission schools, most of them into country schools. Mr. Newell feels that* if the school had facilities, 100 boys a year could be sent into all the country districts with immense results towards evangelizing the province. Reports of the year indicate that the fruit of the normal schools and teachers’ training classes as well as of the colleges and universities is now appearing in a higher grade of Chinese teachers becoming ready to take charge of mission schools. The new teacher, trained at Peking University, who has come to the Boys’ School at Paotingfu is The China Missions 149 rapidly changing the school situation by the devotion, energy and fertility of his methods. The whole school is said to feel the magic of his presence. The pupils’ morale is greatly toned up. Under his leadership a promising effort is started to raise funds locally for an addition to the school, to meet its increasing needs. This is a sign of the times that deserves more than a passing reference. The appearance of these more highly trained and abler workers, however, is raising and will continue to raise, some fresh problems. When such young men come forth from our schools ready for work, questions will arise; as one of the missionary leaders remarked: “What will they do, where will they work, what will be their relation to other workers? It will take much wisdom, tact, Christian grace and brotherly love to decide this question.”

The Hospital, the Doctor and the Nurse. — The medical work of the China Missions had a busy year in 1923, and one with an un­ usual number of substantial tokens of advance. Two new hospitals and the opening of medical work at two new centers are among the outstanding events recorded At Foochow City the completion and occupation of the Kate C. Woodhull Hospital for Women brought the fulfilment of a long cher­ ished plan. It stands on land of its own, just across the street from the Foochow General Hospital; a gray brick building of three stories besides the basement. Dr. Dyer is to be congratulated upon at last having a plant worthy of her abilities and devotion and specifically dedicated to ministering to Chinese women. The General Hospital has met with loss in the deeply regretted withdrawal of Dr. and Mrs. Harry Gebhart and also the return to this country, though it is hoped only for a temporary absence, of Miss Darrow, the foreign nurse who has been in charge of the Nurses’ Train­ ing School. The year in this General Hospital was less broken than the one preceding by the incoming of wounded soldiers as patients, though a good percentage of them made up the list of in-patients this last year. They were found to be far more unruly than those who wer^ in the city garrison when the Northern Army was in control. The Shaowu Mission had a year of mingled light and dark, medically speaking. The illness of Dr. Bement reduced the amount of work that could be done in the Woman’s Hospital and emphasized anew the desirability of bringing together these two lines of medical work in one locality where there can be more effective co-operation in the hapdling 150 The China Missions of the sick. The day when it is necessary to have separate hospitals for men and women in China has passed, and it is now as possible to have one hospital with separate wards, as it is in the United States. The opening of medical work at Kienning, the new station at Shaowu, by the coming of Dr. Kennedy, marked a step in advance which was greatly appreciated by the citizens of that town and its district. Unfortunately the serious and prolonged sickness of Dr. Kennedy put a stop to her work and finally compelled her return to this country for recuperation. The coming of a new family to Kienning this fall may provide for the continuance of some medical work daring the interim of Dr. Kennedy’s absence, inasmuch as while Mr. Shep­ herd’s qualifications are as an evangelistic or district missionary, Mrs. Shepherd is a trained physician, who may be able at least to serve the medical needs of the missionaries and the schools at the station. In the North China field the outstanding medical event of the year was the opening of the new hospital at Fenchow. This hospital also is the result of long years of arduous and unyielding effort during which many obstacles and delays were faced. It became necessary to reduce the plans once or twice to meet the increasing cost of building in these times and to keep within possible resources. The building itself, the electric lighting plant, the steam heating plant, the equipment for surgical ward and laboratory, involved successively new struggles, so that the dedication of the hospital in the spring of 1924 was the crowning of a long labor of faith and purpose. Distinguished visitors, officials, gentry, foreigners representing medical work and missionary service in China gathered for the exercises. The people of Fenchow City swarmed in to the new building to see its marvelous appointments and apparatus. This is not merely the finest but the only hospital for men, women and children in all its vast field, west and north of Fenchow in Shansi and beyond over northern Shensi up to the borders of Mongolia. Patients are coming to it from long distances. The most difficult operations and. treatments can now be undertaken. With the new doctor, Dr. Curran, and the business manager, Mr. McLean, and with the doctors and nurses provided by the W. B. M. I. the Fenchow Hospital is now started upon a career of service which is bound to make it one of the beacon lights of Christianity in all western China. Dr. and Mrs. Watson come home for their sorely needed furlough with grateful and rejoicing hearts over the accomplishment of their dream of years. The Noble Memorial Hospital at Shih Chia Chuang, that busy The China Missions 151 junction town where the railroad to Shansi branches from the line running down from Peking to Hankow, marked an adventure of the Paotingfu station supported by a generous gift from the First Congre­ gational Church of Montclair, New Jersey. No foreign doctor could be allotted to this new work, but an able and trained Chinese doctor was secured and has found a prompt and rewarding field for his effort. No other hospital in the Mission can collect higher fees for service rendered than this new venture at Shih Chia Chuang. None has a staff, it is declared, that puts in a busier day. The problem now is of an adequate hospital plant, for fees will not accumulate funds sufficient for that. The spiritual results from this ministry of healing come very slowly, for the town is a particularly wide open and corrupt town, and it means hard work to get an appreciative hearing for the Christian message; but beginnings are being made. The hospital at Tunghsien, of which Dr. Love is in charge, has as a particular task the care of the large student body connected with Jefferson Academy and the Goodrich School for girls. Two or three evenings a week it has had special eye clinics for the trachoma cases so general among the Chinese youth. Gradually this trouble is being stayed; whereas in 1922 there were 360 cases among slightly less than 300 students, the past year among 365 students there were only 72 cases. The Peking Union Medical Hospital has been sending down to Tunghsien tuberculosis patients for which it has not comfortable provision. This testimony of the esteem in which our hospital is held by the authorities of the Peking Union Medical College is most gratifying. As was to be expected, the work in the Lintsing Hospital in Shan­ tung for most of the year was preponderantly among the soldiers and the bandits who were brought in, wounded or sick, for medical care. So heavy was this demand on the hospital that the staff were unable to keep up with the demand. Temporary loans of workers from the staff at Tehchow and the securing of Chinese doctors and nurses for a limited time relieved the strain somewhat, but it was an exceedingly heavy year, in which the hospital won fresh esteem from all classes in its district. The compelled withdrawal of Dr. Siler on account of the health of his family was an extra calamity at such a time. Dr. Cooke stood bravely to her task and was able to maintain strength and courage through the long ordeal. Some idea of the amount of work which falls to a mission hospital may be got from the figures reported by the Williams-Porter Hospital 152 The China Missions

at Tehchow, showing 20,000 dispensary patients, nearly 1,000 hospital in-patients, with 191 major operations and 796 minor operations; the total expenditure, exclusive of the support of the foreign staff, being $15,793. Even so, Dr. Tucker says only the fringe of the garment was touched, as this is the only hospital for 2,Q00,000 people, all within forty miles of its plant. Dr. Tucker rejoices over having been able to get the temporary help of Rev. and Mrs. E. W. Ellis, the former as business manager and the latter as evangelistic worker in the hospi­ tal; thus he feels that the spiritual service of the hospital is not only maintained but has been definitely increased.

The Many-sidedness of Missionary Work. — Only the main lines of missionary work have so far been touched upon, and only the outstanding events therein. The routine of work, the commonplace but substantial ongoing of the regular activities in the missionaries’ program has to be imagined as a background for these particular facts that have been recorded. The multitude of schools and churches supervised, the troubles that have been settled, the villages that have been toured, the individuals who have been met and addressed, the words of counsel and of cheer, of inspiration and of guidance that have been given through all the different agencies and activities of mission life—these unnumbered daily doings must be taken for granted for the lack of space to enumerate them. Of the 140 missionaries of the Board in China, only a dozen perhaps have been mentioned by name in this report; an indication of the meagerness and insufficiency of its reflec­ tion of the year’s full work. Moreover, attention has been centered on the general forms of the work, leaving undescribed those special and local developments which are to be found in every mission and in all the stations; such as the Boy Scout and Student Volunteer work being conducted by Mr. f Reumann at Foochow', the industries for the women, like the tatting school that was started at Tientsin and spread to Tehchow as a result of the efforts to help the poor people in the famine experiences of two years ago; the whole field of woman’s work indeed, with the quiet but most effective ministry of the Bible Women going about among the homes of the people instituting classes and clubs; the distinctive service that Dr. Bliss has rendered at Shaowu in studying the rinderpest plague and finding the serum that will counteract it and provide healthy milk for the mothers and babies of China; the many-sided Y. M. C. A. work at Fenchow and Paotingfu in which our missions are associated; The China Missions 153 the preparation and distribution of Christian literature, more and more coming into prominence as one of the most effective ways of spreading the Christian gospel in China; vacation Bible schools started in several of the stations; the teaching of the phonetic script in classes provided for women and for men — these and how many more side lines of acitivity devised to meet a local need or opportunity characterize the work of the year and indicate its virility and effective­ ness. Turning them all over, these records that have come from one and another field and one and another line of work, the impressive fact of the year seems to be the advance in what may be called the “ seasoning” of the Chinese Church. It is coming to pass that the churches which the missions have helped to form and to establish are beginning to assume responsibility, to develop their own leadership, and to catch more clearly and to respond more practically to the ideal of self-denying and loving service as marking the reality of Christian discipleship. That ideal is not native to China, nor easy for the Chinese to adopt. They have their loyalties and devotions to family and somewhat to community; but the imperative of the Christian evangel, calling men in the service of Christ to seek first the Kingdom, to deny themselves, and count all that they are and have as belonging to their Lord and Master, is a revolutionary force in China. The highest type of Chris­ tian character and spirit is appearing over and over again among the Christian Chinese of our field. The sky therefore is bright with hope for the evangelizing of China; it will not be accomplished in a day, but it is coming to pass. V

Institutions of the China Missions

Educational and Social Canton: Union Normal School, f Founded 1915 by four mission boards, the W. B. M. I. being one of these. It has a three-year course. Staff: Miss Edna Lowrey of the W. B. M. I. and representatives of four other mission societies, with 5 part-time Chinese teachers. En­ rolment: Normal 46; Primary 65; Night School 35; 2 kindergartens 96; total 242. Nearly all the girls are Christians. Forty-seven of the fifty-six graduates, up to 1922, are teaching in Christian Schools. The standard of the Normal School has just been raised two years; a White Cross Society and Alumnae Association have been organized during the year.

Canton: Union Theological College. Founded 1913 by 12 missions and governed by Directors from 8 missions. It is of univer­ sity grade. Departments: Bible School; College of Theology. Buildings: One Union Dormitory; 2 residences built 1923. Staff: J. S. Kunkle (Pres.) President, Rev. Obed S. Johnson (Ameri­ can Board), one other American, 6 British and 5 Chinese teachers. Enrolment: College of Theology 24, Bible School 32; total 56. The course has just been lengthened to four years.

Diongloh: Abbie B. Child Memorial School* (Foochow Mis­ sion). Founded 1897 by Mrs. George H. Hubbard. Departments: Higher Primary; Lower Primary. Board and tuition, $36. Buildings: Two Chinese houses used as dormitories; 1 foreign building formerly a residence, now used as a recitation building. Staff: Misses Annie L. Kentfield and Rena L. Nutting, 6 Chinese teachers, 1 assistant. Enrolment: Higher Primary 31, Lower 37; total 68 of whom 48 are boarders. The entire graduating class went on into higher schools. Physical examinations were made a school requirement the past year. The school Y. W. C. A. furnishes fifteen teachers for the Kindergarten Sunday School every Sunday morning and the same girls teach branch Sunday Schools every Sunday after­ noon. ♦Institutions marked with a * are supported, or in the case of coeducational and union schools, partly supported, by the Woman’s Board of Missions; institutions marked with a t by the Woman’s Board of Missions of the Interior; Institutions marked with a t by the Woman’s Board of Missions for the Pacific. 154 The China Missions 155

Diongloh: Boys’ Academy. Founded by Rev. George H. Hubbard and Rev. F. P. Beach. Grade: High School. Support of student, $25 a year. Buildings: Houghton Hall, named for the pastor of the Church of the Redeemer, New Haven, which gave $5,000 toward its construction, contains a chapel, sitting-room, dining-room, 5 classrooms, dormitories to accommodate 120, kitchen, etc. Staff: Rev. William H. Topping and 8 Chinese teachers. Enrol­ ment 76. A Service Club, Y. M. C. A. and Christian Endeavor Society are among the student organizations.

Diongloh: Women’s Boarding Station Classes. Founded 1897 by Rev. George H. Hubbard. Grade: Primary. Each student meets her own expenses. Buildings: One good sized rented Chinese house. Mrs. Hubbard, Principal. Enrolment 18. These are mostly widows, poor, hated by their relatives because they are Christians; or wives deserted by worthless husbands for the same reason, and often having children to support; they come for training so that they may become teachers. Some come with full consent of husband and relatives. Of the year’s three graduates one is a Christian teacher’s wife, one will teach a village school collected for her by her relatives, and one is going on to a higher grade school in Foochow.

Fenchow: Atwater Memorial School (North China). Founded 1904 in memory of Ernest Richmond Atwater who was killed during the Boxer uprising. Departments: Primary School; Grammar School. Board and tuition, $20. Ten buildings in Chinese style. Staff: Rev. Arthur W. Hummel (In 1924 transferred to Peking Language School) Miss Vera Holmes, Rev. Paul R. Reynolds, 5 Chinese teachers. Enrolment in three upper grades of Grammar School 85. The school has organized a vested choir which leads the singing in the local church.

Fenchow: Catherine S. Harwood Theological and Bible Train­ ing School. Founded by the Shansi Mission of the A. B. C. F. M. in 1913. Endowment of $40,000 given by Mr. Harwood in memory of his wife; he has given two buildings also. Departments: Men’s Department; Woman’s Bible School. Buildings: Recitation and Administration Hall; Dotmitory; 2 courts of Chinese buildings for men; 3 very large courts of Chinese buildings for women — 27 build­ ings, one-two-and-three roomed; large new Administration Building 156 The China Missions erected 1923 for the Woman’s Bible School. Total enrolment 146. Men’s Department: Board and tuition, $30. Enrolment 84. Woman’s Bible School, f Founded 1913 by Grace E. McConnaughey. Departments: Preparatory; Lower Primary; Higher Primary. Board and books, $20. Staff: Miss Cora May WTalton and 8 Chinese teachers; Miss McConnaughey is Acting-Principal 1924-25 during Miss Walton’s furlough. Enrolment 85. Higher Primary work was introduced the past year.

Fenchow: Lydia Lord Davis School for Girls, f Founded in the eighties by Mrs. Davis; reopened after Boxer troubles in 1909 by Mrs. Gertrude Chaney Pye. Departments: Primary; Secondary; Kindergarten. Board and tuition, $17 to $25. Buildings: One con­ taining dormitory and recitation rooms; bathhouse; laundry. Staff: Miss Josie E. Horn and 7 Chinese teachers. Miss Helen Gallagher sailed late in 1924 to join Miss Horn. Enrolment 150.

Fenchow: Middle School for Boys. Founded 1914 by Rev. Watts O. Pye and Dr. Percy T. Watson. Grade: Second­ ary School with courses in Arts and Science and the beginnings of a Commercial Course. Board and tuition, $25. Buildings: Recitation Building; Dining Hall; 2 dormitories. Staff: Rev. Arthur Hummel (in 1924 transferred to Peking Language School), Miss Gertrude Wood, Mr. Larry Krause, 8 Chinese teachers. Enrolment 180. The school has won more ath­ letic honors than ever before. Some of the students conducted Vaca­ tion Bible Schools during the summer.

Foochow College. Founded 1853 by Justus Doolittle in Pona- sang; reopened in Foochow City in 1864 under Rev. Simeon Woodin. Moved to its present location, 1888; in 1890 one man was set apart to develop it: its name was changed to Foochow College in 1898. It is just within the city wall and three miles from the foreign settlement. Departments: Middle School; Preparatory; Primary. Board and tuition, $80. Buildings: Cowan Hall — first on present site; Lincoln Hall (1899); Administration Building (1901); two others built since 1903. One good Chinese one-story house; 2 old Chinese buildings temporarily in use. The China Missions 157

Staff: Rev. Willard L. Beard, Mr. and Mrs. Leonard J. Christian, Miss Susan A. Armstrong, Rev. Otto G. Reumann, 36 Chinese teachers. Enrolment: Middle School 198; Middle School Preparatory 161; Higher Primary 223; total 582. The Middle School is now a Senior Middle School with a three-year course which fits for the University. The Preparatory Department is now a Junior Middle School.

Foochow: Davis Memorial Kindergarten.* Founded about 1907 by Miss Jean Brown. Departments: Normal Class for kinder­ garten teachers; Practice Kindergarten Cost per student, $10 a year for Training Class; $3 for children. Buildings: One Chinese house, adapted by throwing side rooms into main section. Staff: 1 Chinese teacher, 2 assistants. Enrolment: Training Class 12; Kindergarten 30. The Training Class will close its work when the present students graduate.

Foochow: Fukien Christian University. Organized 1915 by the American Board and three other Missions. Departments: College of Arts and Sciences; Normal Course for Teachers of Chinese. Tuition $50 (not including laboratory fees), board $100. Buildings: Seri­ culture Building; 1 single and 1 double residence; Gardiner Hall, Jr. Memorial Dormitory, dedicated November, 1923. Staff: Dr. John Gowdy (M. E.), President, Roderick Scott, Dean and Fred P. Beach (American Board), 9 other foreigners, 3 Chinese. Enrolment in College only, 163. A piermanent charter was granted by the Regents of the University of New York during the year; the Student Republic was perfected.

Foochow: Union Christian Women’s School of Industrial Arts.f In process of being organized at the request of the three missions in Foochow. Mrs. Leonard J. Christian and Miss Emily Hartwell are two of the four members of the Board of Managers.

Foochow: Union Kindergarten Training School.t Founded 1915 by a Union Board of Managers, three each from the American, Methodist and Anglican Boards. Departments: Normal School; Practice School. Board and tuition, $20. Buildings: the first build­ ing, gift of Miss Caroline Mitchell of California and part of the W. B. M. P. Jubilee Campaign, was finished in 1923 and is used for classrooms, dormitory, kindergarten, and teachers’ residence. 158 The China Missions

Staff: Bertha H. Allen (W. B. M. P.), Kathleen Phillips (C. M. S.), Grace Shawhan (W. F. M. S.), and 3 Chinese teachers. Enrolment: Students 14; kindergarten 55. There were 8 graduates in January, 1924; one has just been sent to Borneo for work. One of the seniors was one of two delegates from the province to the first National Y. W. C. A. conference at Hangchow.

Foochow: Union Normal and Middle School. Founded 1912 by the American Board and Methodist Missions, Rev. W. L. Beard and Rev. Lewis L. Hodous prime movers in the project. Grade: Sec­ ondary School. Board and tuition, $60. Staff: Rev. A. W. Billings (M. E.), Rev. G. M. Newell (A. B.), 10 Chinese teachers. Enrolment 97. Over 70% are working to help pay their own way. Twenty have been engaged regularly in Sunday- School work. In the spring term a well organized secret society which was stirring up factional strife was broken up without loss of the good­ will of the student body. The transition from the four-year to the six-year system is being made.

Foochow: Union Theological Seminary. Founded 1911 by the American Board, Methodist Board and C. M. S. Departments: Collegiate — two years for high school graduates; Regular — four years for those with two years of high school; Bible. Buildings: One building loaned by the Methodist Mission containing chapel, library, classrooms, and dormitory for 100 students. Staff: Rev. W. H. Worley (M. E.), Rev. Samuel H. Leger and Rev. P. S. Goertz (A B), 9 Chinese Teachers. Enrolment 79.

Foochow: Wenshan Girls’ School.* Situated in Ponasang, a suburb of Foochow City. Founded 1863 by Mrs. Justus Doolittle. Departments: Normal; Secondary School; Primary School; Kinder­ garten. Board and tuition, $50. Buildings: Administration Build­ ing; Lower Primary School Building; Middle School Building (1902); Higher Primary Building (1904-1922); Gymnasium (1921). Staff: Misses Elizabeth S. Perkins. Eunice Thomas, Phebe K. Beard, Priscilla Holton, and part-time, Mrs. Charles Scott, Mrs. Roderick Scott, 15 Chinese teachers. Enrolment: Middle Sen­ ior 31, Junior 56, Higher Primary 60, Lower, 65, Kindergarten 45 ; total 257. The change is being made to the six-year primary, three- year middle school, three-year high school system. The girls supervise The China Missions 159

a children’s playground, assist in anti-gambling, anti-cholera, baby- hygiene campaigns, teach in Sunday Schools and vacation schools, etc. Seldom does a girl graduate without having become a Christian.

Foochow: Woman’s Bible School, f Miss Emily S. Hartwell in charge. Married women are given an elementary education and Bible training.

Ingtai: Boys’ Academy (Foochow Mission). Founded 1904 by Rev. Edward H. Smith. Departments: Secondary School; Primary School. Board and tuition, $37, Mexican. Buildings: Woodin Memorial Chapel; Huntington Memorial Hall; True Memorial Dormi­ tory Staff: Rev. and Mrs. E. H. Smith, Rev. and Mrs. F. G. Donaldson, 7 Chinese teachers. Enrolment 98. Six Ingtai students graduated from the Union Theological Seminary in June; 12 are there studying and a Volunteer band for the ministry enrols many of the leading students in school. To the impoverished condition of the region on account of factional strife is due the somewhat smaller enrolment.

Ingtai: Girls’ School.f Founded 1905 by Caroline E. Chitten­ den. Grade: Primary. Board and tuition, $24 Mexican. Build­ ings: One; school, dormitory, and foreign residence in one. Staff: Misses M. Elizabeth Waddell and Lucy B. Lanktree, 6 teachers, 2 matrons — one for two lower grades in another location. Enrolment 70.

Kiennihg: Girls’ School, f (Shaowu). Founded 1918 by Miss Grace A. Funk. Grade: Primary. Board and tuition, $20. Build­ ings: Two rented Chinese houses; land was purchased in 1923 for permanent buildings. Staff: Misses Grace A. Funk and Louise Meebold; 6 Chinese teachers. Enrolment 54.

Lintsing: Boys’ Boarding School (North China). Established as a boarding school in 1903 by F- M. Chapin. Grade: Primary, with Industrial Department. Board and tuition, $15 gold. Buildings: Recitation Building with assembly room, 4 classrooms and Principal’s office; Dormitory. Staff: Rev. Ernest W. Houlding (returning 1924), Rev. Vinton P. 160 The China Missions

Eastman in charge 1923, 7 Chinese teachers. Enrolment 140. The new six-year system has been adopted so that this school now carries only the first six years of primary work; the six years of higher primary and academy work is to be carried at Tehsien.

Lintsing: Industrial School for Women. Started about 1913 by Mrs. E. W. Ellis. Tihe work has been kept going by Chinese capital under the supervision of Mrs. Vinton P. Eastman. During famine years Mrs. Houlding added an Embroidery Department to the Tatting School. In 1922 it was taken over almost entirely by the Chinese, the Mission assisting with the sales. Daily classes in reading and Bible study are held.

Lintsing: School of Many Friends.f Founded 1895 by Mrs. Wagner and Mrs. Chapin; boarding department started 1907 by Miss Ellis, now Mrs. H. W. Hubbard. Grade: Primary, with an Industrial Department. Board and tuition, $50 Mexican. Buildings: One one- story school building; 4 Chinese style buildings for dormitories; kitchen; laundry. Miss Ethel M. Long, Principal. Enrolment 60.

Paotingfu: Annie Gould Memorial School* (North China). Founded by Miss Mary Morrill long before the Boxer uprising; named for her fellow-martyr when work was re-established. Departments: Primary School; Kindergarten; the latter really separate and sup­ ported by special gifts Board and tuition, $35. Buildings: Good one- story Chinese style btiilding, including a large school room, two recitation rooms, dormitory for 70; reception room, dining room, kitchen, bath. Staff: Miss Grace M. Breck and 5 Chinese Teachers. Enrolment 84.

Paotingfu: Boys’ Boarding School. Departments: Secondary School; Primary School. Board and tuition $36. Buildings: Three dormitories; 4 buildings for classrooms; 1 for dining and assembly hall. Staff: Mr. Yang, graduate of Peking University Department of Pedagogy, and 8 other teachers. Enrolment 170 of whom 129 are boarders. Mr. Yang, the new principal, has led a campaign for funds and has already enough to add rooms for 20 boys. The boys have been grading the grounds and setting out trees and shrubs. They have revived the Y. M. C. A. and organized a Boy Scout troop. The China Missions 161

Paotingfu: Mary Morrill Woman’s School.* Founded 1922 by the Station workers. Grade: Primary, with extra Bible work. Buildings: Chinese buildings fortnerly used by the boys’ school. Staff: Misses Abbie G. Chapin and Isabelle Phelps (part-time), 1 teacher and help from 2 others. An additional year was added to the course. Enrolment 32.

Peking: Bridgman Academyf (North China). Founded 1864 by Mrs. E. C. Bridgman; Academy proper founded 1895. Grade: six-year junior-senior high school. Board and tuition, $40 a year. Buildings: One large two-story School Building with accommodations also for three or four lady teachers; one two-story dormitory housing about 120. Change made this year to six-year primary, six-year high school, four-year college system. Staff: Misses Anne Kelley, Laura Cross, Louise Miske, Esther Nelson, Ruth Van Kirk, Maryette Lum; 7 Chinese teachers. Enrol­ ment 169. The girls have taught a school for poor children during the year; they gave a play in the spring and raised $400 for the School.

Peking: Girls’ Primary Boarding School.f Departments: Primary an,d Secondary Schools. Board and tuition, $10 to $65. Buildings: One two-story foreign building used as a dormitory; seven Chinese buildings Enrolment 235.

Peking: Union Bible Women’s School.f Founded 1914 by a committee of women of different missions, Miss Miner taking the lead. Courses: one-year, two-year, and three-year courses. Board and tuition, $40 a year. Members of our Mission on the staff: Miss Bertha P. Reed, Principal; Mrs. Eleanor \Y. Sheffield (resigned 1924), Miss Mary E. Andrews, Miss Hazel F. Bailey. Enrolment 50. A two-year course for younger women was inaugurated, 1922.

Peking: Union Language School. Founded about 1910 by the London Mission; reorganized on Union basis about 1914. Rev. Howard S. Galt, American Board representative on the Faculty; W. B. Pettus, Principal. Enrolment 238.

Peking University. In 1915 four supporting Boards arranged to unite the North China Union College, Peking University and the Union Bible School. An amended charter was granted by the Regents 162 The China Missions of the University of the State of New York, and the name “ Peking University” retained for the new institution. The Woman’s College or Yenching, became an integral part of the University in 1920. Departments: College of Arts and Science for Men; College of Arts and Science for Women (Yenching College); School of Theology; Department of Leather Manufacture; Department of Agriculture; Department of Business Training. Board and tuition, $50. Buildings: Ten in process of construction on the new site at Hai-Tien, 5 miles northwest of Peking. Staff: Rev. J. Leighton Stuart (Presbyterian), Rev. Lucius D. Porter, Rev. Howard S. Galt, Rev. George W. Wilder, Mr. Philippe De Vargas, Rev. Robert M. Bartlett (1924), Mrs. Murray S. Frame, Misses Grace M. Boynton, Jean Dickinson, Helen L. Gunderson, Constance L. Sargent, with other Americans, British and Europeans to the number of forty; 30 Chinese, Dr. Timothy T. Lew, Dean of the School of Theology among them. Enrolment 450. Yenching Collegef was founded 1905 by Dr. Luella Miner. De­ partments: Normal; Pre-Medical; Arts. Board and tuition, $50.

Peking: Yu Ying School. Founded about 1902 by Dr. W. S. Ament. Reorganizing on the basis of China’s new school system; a six-year Elementary School and three-year Junior Middle School resulting. Board and tuition, $15 to $30. Buildings: One one-story school building, formerly a chapel; 1 two-story school building; 1 two-story dormitory; 3 groups of 8 small one-story Chinese buildings. Mr. J. S. Li, Principal. Enrolment 450.

Publications: In Fenchow are published The Fenchow, The Monthly Bible Study Magazine, and Fenchow Church Quarterly. In Foochow are published The Foochow Messenger thrice a year, and Foo­ chow Loose Leaves, a quarterly isstied by the College. Shaowu pub­ lishes The Shaowu Bulletin, a quarterly. In Taiku appears the semi-annual Oberlin-in-Shansi. In Tientsin appear an English quar­ terly, Here and Now, and a Chinese monthly bulletin, Yueh Kan. Recently the American Board took over the support of Rev. Frank Rawlinson of Shanghai, editor of the Chinese Recorder, one of the best magazines published on the mission field. Since 1918 the number of subscriptions has increased 42%. He edits the China • Mission Year Book, is editor-in-chief of the report of the National Christian Conference and prepares articles for the Survey. The China Missions 163

Shaowu: Bible School for Men. Founded in the nineties by Rev. J. E. Walker, D. D. Grade: Secondary School with three-year course. Buildings: Two-story brick building erected 1922 with special gift funds from friends of its Principal, Rev. E. O. Kellogg. Re­ opened in 1924. A normal class for church officers was held for a month December, 1923, with an attendance of 18 men, and was very successful.

Shaowu: Elizabeth Sheldon Lombard School.f Founded 1899 by Miss Frances K. Bement. Departments: High School; Grammar School; Primary School; Kindergarten. Board and tuition, $15 to $25. Buildings: One two-story brick building, 90 x 45; 1 two-story plaster building, 30 x 30; 1 open gymnasium; new class­ room built the past year back of gym. Staff: Misses Frances K. Bement, Leona Burr, Dorothy Bascom, 9 Chinese teachers, some of them part-time. Enrolment 130. The High School girls gave health lectures in 15 centers using charts made by themselves; 30 girls are taking teacher-trkining, first-aid and home-nursing courses.

Shaowu: Han Mei Middle School. Founded 1901 by Dr. J. E. Walker and Miss J. C. Walker. Departments: Middle School and Higher Primary, corresponding to the American High and Grammar schools. Board and tuition $16 and $17.50. Buildings: One Main Building; 2 small brick dormitories; brick gate-house, new open gymnasium. Staff: Rev. and Mrs. Charles L Storrs, Rev. and Mrs. Edwin D. Kellogg, 2 Chinese teachers, 7 student teachers, all part-time. En­ rolment: High School 42; total 110. Seventeen were received into the church; 16 are in the Student Volunteer group; 22 were in volun­ teer work during the summer.

Shaowu: Walker Memorial School.f Founded 1904 by Miss Josephine Walker. Grade: Primary School. Board and tuition, $15 to $25. Buildings: Two small brick dormitories; 1 small brick building for classes. Miss Walker, Principal. Enrolment 15 beside kindergarten. Closed during the year 1923.

Social Service : In Diongloh is a local branch of the Fukien Moral Welfare Association, founded by the church in 1921. It inaugurates 164 The China Missions big movements: anti-gambling, ariti-opium, thrift, and other cam­ paigns. A Student Service Club founded 1922 by the Academy takes part in these movements. In Fenchow the Crane Mesnorial Community House was founded 1920 by Miss Katherine Crane. It has a public playground, game rooms, classrooms, Bible and English classes, a library which the Board of Education has asked to house city records and old and valu­ able editions, and a reading room which fills a great need, for daily newspapers are beyond the means of the average citizen. In Foochow, a Community Center was established by Dr. Ling in 1922. Day and evening schools are taught here. In Ingtai, the Sing Kan City Community House was founded in 1922. It has evening schools, athletics, public baths, lectures, read­ ing rooms, and primary school work. The Arthur Brayton Memorial Building was erected during the year 1922. The Boys’ Academy has a Social Service Club besides. In Paotingfu, Broaden-Your-Knowledge Court,* founded 1914 by Miss Isabelle Phelps, has a day-school, lectures, social work, tatting school, and a boarding school for married women which has an enrol­ ment of thirty women coming from twelve counties; wives of officials and government school teachers have applied for admission. As there are only ten Bible women in the Paotingfu field with its 5,000,000 people, the work the school is doing is greatly nteeded. Some pupils of this school go on to the Union Training School in Peking. In Peking, a Social Service League, founded 1917 by the Yenching College girls, runs a half-time school for poor children, and teaches part time in other schools. The Woman’s Industrial Center, conducted by the wives of the Faculty, employs 100 poor women. A Home for Destitute Chinese Women, a Home for Aged Men, and shelters for jinrikisha coolies were largely under the direction of Mrs. Chauncey Goodrich up to the time of her death in November, 1923.

T aiku: Alice Williams Schoolf (North China). Founded 1916 by Miss Flora K. Heebner for the purpose of training married women. Grade: Primary School. Board and tuition, $30. Buildings: One Assembly and classroom building; 2 Dormitories; 1 “ Utility” building. Staff: Miss Heebner, Miss Alzina C. Munger, Mrs. W. A. Heming­ way, 4 Chinese teachers. Enrolment 31. The curriculum has been changed from a 3-year to a 4-year course with the equivalent of 6 The China Missions 165 years in Bible, Arithmetic and the national language. The women do prison preaching, home visiting and vacation visiting.

Taiku: Oberlin-Shansi Memorial Academy. Founded 1890 as a primary school; became a high school under the Oberlin-Shansi Memorial Association in 1907. Departments: Junior College; Secondary School; Primary School; Kindergarten. Students’ fees, $27. Buildings: 31 Chinese buildings and a new modern recitation building, the Hawley Memorial. Staff: Mr. H. H. Kung, a graduate of the original school and of Oberlin and the rebuilder of the enterprise after the Boxer troubles, Principal, Rev. Wynn C. Fairfield, Vice-Principal, Messrs. Samuel / R. Wilson and Theodore Forbes (1924), 18 Chinese teachers. Enrol-/ ment 260. I \ Taiku: Precious Dew Girls’ Boarding School, f Founded 1904 by Mrs. W. L. Hemingway and Mrs. Atwood. Departments: Two-year Normal Course; Secondary School; Primary School; Kindergarten. Board and tuition, $50. Buildings: One-story brick Main Building; one-story brick Dormitory with two wings. Staff : Miss Alzina C. Munger, Mrs. Philip Dutton (home econom­ ics), Miss Flora Heebner (Bible); 9 Chinese teachers have one class each. Enrolment 91, of whom 7 were taking the Normal course. The curriculum has been changed this year to 6 years primary, 3 years junior middle school. The girls teach street Sunday Schools and have a crèche for little ones during church services. They sent 12 delegates to the Y. W. C. A. summer conference, giving a play to raise the expenses.

Tehsien: Grace Wyckoff Memorial School f (North China). Founded 1892 by Miss Grace W y c k o ff. Grade: Primary School; Junior Middle School. Board and tuition, $16. Five buildings. Staff: Miss Mabel Huggins, Miss Alice C. Reed, 8 Chinese teachers. Enrolment 136, of whom 36 are in the Junior Middle School.

Tehsien: Porter Middle School. Founded 1898 by Dr. Henry D. Porter as Ch’ung Cheng Middle School; moved to Tehsien in 1915 and name changed; it is the center of the Grinnell-in-China work. Grade: Secondary School; in 1923-24 a third year of Senior Middle School work was added, thus completing a full six-year middle school; this year for the first time the teaching was divided into distinct de- 166 The China Missions partments, five being established. Tuition $10, board $20. Build­ ings: Assembly Hall, three-storied, with classroom, dining room and laboratory; 2 two-story dormitories accommodating 100, 1 built 1922 accommodating 24; Teachers’ Residence; bath house. Staff: Rev. and Mrs. Alfred D. Heininger, Rev. Harold S. Mat­ thews, Mr. John Decker (until June), 12 Chinese teachers. Enrolment 152. A large majority of the students are members of the Y. M. C. A. Student Volunteers teach children in three villages every Sunday; eighteen students taught Daily Vacation Bible Schools in the summer. The whole student body divided into four teams engages in spirited intra-mural competitive athletics twice a week. A poor student, working his way, raised a fund for starting industrial work whereby the self-help department could extend its service to other boys, and students and faculty are adding to the fund each semester. The boy himself in his village is weaving in the daytime and teaching poor children in the evening.

Tientsin: Boys’ Boarding School (North China). Founded 1870 by Rev. Charles A. Stanley, Sr. Departments: Primary School; Secondary School. Board and tuition, $35. Buildings: Recitation Hall, Dining Hall; dormitories inadequate in number and capacity. Staff: Rev. Charles A. Stanley (son of founder), Rev. W. R. Leete, part-time, 6 Chinese teachers. Enrolment 100.

Tientsin: Look - up - to - the - Mountain School.* Founded 1863 by Mrs. Charles A. Stanley, Sr., hence sometimes called the Stanley Memorial School. Its site is at Hsiku with a branch at Hopei. Departments: Lower and Higher Primary with a Kindergarten at Hopei. Board and tuition, $42. Buildings: At Hsiku 1 five-roomed recitation building and 2 smaller; 2 one-story dormitories — all old. At Hopei a small kindergarten building shared with the church and a two-story residence used as school. Miss Constance Buell, Principal, 7 Chinese teachers at Hsiku, 4 at Hopei. Enrolment: 99 at Hsiku, 58 at Hopei; total 157. The school began during the year following the plan of the government schools — 6 years primary work before diploma. A small library and reading room has been started.

Tsinanfu: Shantung Christian University (Union). Founded 1904 by ten missionary organizations. The American Board began to co-operate in 1923. Departments: College of Arts and Science (with The China Missions 167

Pre-Medical Department); School of Medicine; School of Theology. In 1923 negotiations were consummated for the amalgamation of the North China Union Medical College for Women with the School of Medicine. Board and tuition, $150 local currency. Staff: Rev. Lyman V. Cady, Miss Luella Miner (left for Fenchow in 1924) and 30 other Americans and British. Enrolment: Arts and Science 196; Medicine 84; Theology 40; total 320. A Department of Public Health has been added in the Medical School, and of Religious Education in the School of Theology. Women students entered Medi­ cal, Pre-Medical and Arts Departments. Teacher-training was begun in the Arts Department and in a joint summer school.

Tunghsien: Charles E. Jefferson Academy (North China) Founded 1867 as a primary school by Dr. L. D. Chapin; developed into an academy 1874 by Dr. D. Z. Sheffield and later into a college. The buildings of the school were entirely destroyed by the Boxers in 1900. Two years later new buildings were erected on the present site. The college developed into the North China Union College and was federated with Peking University in 1917, moving to Peking 1918. In 1919 the name Charles E. Jefferson was given to the academy in honor of the pastor of the Broadway Tabernacle, a church which had con­ tributed largely toward building and equipment. Departments: College Preparatory; Agricultural-Vocational; the school offers a three-year junior middle school course and a three- year senior middle school course. Fees, $85 Mexican (about $45). Buildings: Williams Hall (named in honor of S. Wells Williams), a two-story dormitory and classroom building; Sheffield Hall; Dining Hall seating 300; Warner Hall, containing an auditorium which may be used as a gymnasium, a small assembly room, reading room and play room; gate-house, three-roomed; 40 rooms in one-story buildings for temporary dormitory use. Staff: Rev. Harry S. Martin, Principal; Rev. and Mrs. James A. Hunter, Miss Ellen F. Ingram, Dr. O. H. Love, Robert B. Shaw, 18 Chinese teachers. Enrolment 365. The boys conducted three schools for poor children, assisted in teaching Gen. Feng Yu Hsiang’s soldiers, won the North China track meet, second place, and the Peking foot-ball, first place.

Tunghsien: Goodrich Girls’ School.* Founded 1905 by Mrs. Chauncey Goodrich. Departments: Primary School; Junior High 168 The China Missions

School (first year only). Board and tuition, $30.50. Buildings: One two-story recitation building; 2 classrooms in Chinese buildings; Faculty residence; gatehouse; 16 roomed Chinese buildings for dormi­ tories, rooms 10 x 10. Staff: Miss Alice M. Huggins, Miss Esther Moody, Acting-Princi­ pal during Miss Huggins’ furlough (Miss Moody left for Paotingfu in 1924), 7 Chinese teachers. Enrolment 190 of whom 20 were in the first year of Junior High School.

Tunghsien: Lu Ho Grammar School. Founded 1867, the first school in Tunghsien, by Dr. L. D. Chapin. Grade: Primary. Board and tuition, $55 silver. Buildings: A one-story recitation building; a 20-room dormitory. Mr. Wei Chen-Tung, Principal. Enrolment 131.

Tunghsien; North China American School. (Union). Staff: Nine Americans, most of whom have only a few periods a week. Enrolment: Grades 25, High School 55; total 80.

MEDICAL

Diongloh: Hospital. Founded 1914 by Dr. Charles L. Gillette. Capacity 12 beds. Cost of maintaining a bed, $40 a year. Buildings: One, known as the dispensary building, with 12 beds; residence of the Chinese physician. Staff: Dr. Gillette, 1 Chinese physician, 1 graduate nurse, 3 student nurses. In-patients 244; new dispensary patients 2120; total dis­ pensary treatments 11,281; 11 operations under general anaesthesia.

Diongloh: Hospital at Pagoda Anchorage. Founded 1920 by Dr. Gillette. Capacity 20 beds. Cost of maintaining a bed, $50. Buildings: One old building used for wards; new wing containing out­ patient department, kitchen, nurses’ and servants’ quarters, the high basement containing drug store, laboratory, laundry. Staff: Dr. Gillette, 2 graduate nurses, 3 student nurses, 1 technician 1 clerk. In-patients 314; new dispensary patients 2089; total treatments 10,134; 70 operations under general anaesthesia.

Fenchow: Harwood Memorial Hospital and Kate Ford Whitman Hospitalf. The foundation of the medical work in Fen- The China Missions 169 chow was laid by Dr. Irenaeus J. Atwood, one of the original pioneers and rebuilder of the Shansi Mission after the Boxer outbreak in 1900. He and Dr. Percy T. Watson passed each other on the Pacific in 1909. Dr. Watson began work in a few dirty, dingy Chinese buildings. He recognized the need for a first-class, well-equipped hospital to be used as a sort of base hospital and after fifteen years of effort and planning such a hospital was completed and was dedicated on April 10th, 1924. The building is in a U shape and of gray brick; the main or Admin­ istration Building is four stories high and 175 feet long; the wings are three stories high and 180 feet long. Harwood Memorial Hospital is in one wing, Kate Ford Whitman Hospital, including the Scudder Children’s Ward, in the other wing; there are also isolation buildings and the homes for the Chinese staff. A very daintily furnished nursery for new-born babies is a special feature. Staff: Dr. Watson, Dr. Clara A. Nutting, Dr. Jean A. Curran, Mr. Winfield A. McLean (Manager), Miss Gertrude Kellogg, 2 Chinese doctors, 6 graduate nurses and 12 student nurses. In-patients 336 men, 156 women, 32 children; dispensary patients 3,942 men and 2,778 women who made 5,549 return visits; operations 537.

Foochow: Mission Hospital. Founded 1881 by Dr. D. W. Osgood. Buildings: Main Hospital Building, capacity 100 beds, containing chapel, waiting room, suite of dispensary rooms, library, laboratory, operating and sterilizing rooms, six large, four small wards, private rooms, stock room, kitchen annex; E. Y. Swift Operating pavilion, funds given by Mrs. Harris; 2 residences; Chinese hospice for overflow of eye patients. Staff: Dr. and Mrs. Hardman N. Kinnear, Alice Darrow, 1 Chinese doctor, 10 student nurses ■— students in Nurses’ Training School. In-patients 740; dispensary patients 7,749, of whom 3,750 were eye cases receiving 9,695 treatments; total dispensary treatments 20,432; major operations 65, minor 693.

Foochow: Kate C. Woodhull Hospital.* Founded 1898 by Dr. Kate C. Woodhull. The patients occupied one wing of the Men’s Hospital before moving in January, 1924, into the newly completed present building which is of gray brick three stories high. Laundry, kitchen, etc., are in the basement; chapel, clinic rooms, offices, rooms 170 The China Missions for Chinese staff on first floor; wards and private rooms on second; operating, surgical, obstetrical rooms and nursery for new babies on the third. Capacity 70 beds. Staff: Dr. Lora G. Dyer; Dr. Kinnear, Eye Department; Miss Hazel M. Atwood, 1 Chinese physician, 4 nurses, 1 assistant. Training School for Nurses was opened during the year. In-patients 225; new dispensary patients 2724, receiving 10,371 treatments; 175 operations.

Ingtai: Hospital and Dispensary. Founded 1902 by Dr. Emily Smith. Capacity 10 beds. Buildings: One native building, loaned to the Girls’ School, one room only being used as a dispensary for women and children. Staff: Rev. Fred F. G. Donaldson. New dispensary patients 700; treatments 4,000.

Kienning: Hospital and Dispensary. (Shaowu). Opened in 1923. Staff: Dr. Josephine Kennedy, Chinese nurse, 2 helpers. Dr. Kennedy has left on account of illness; Mrs. George Shepherd, M. D., goes to Kienning in 1924. No statistics are available of the work done the past year.

Lintsing: Elizabeth Memorial Hospital. % Dr. Estelle A. Perkins and Dr. Edward R. Wagner laid the foundations of the medical work in Lintsing before the Boxer outbreak; Dr. Susan Tall- mon renewed it in 1906 and built the present hospital in 1916; the cornerstone was laid in 1915. The central building, a memorial of Mrs. Elizabeth Williams, is a gem of Chinese architecture; four others were dedicated at the same time: a fourteen-bed women’s ward in memory of Mrs. Lilia P. Sargent of Berkeley; a men’s ward to match it built by the gentry and officials of Lintsing; a four-room isolation ward named in memory of little James McCann; and one of nine rooms named in memory of Phoebe Ann Frisbie. Capacity 65 beds. Cost of maintain­ ing a bed, $100 Mexican (about $55). Staff: Dr. Alma L. Cooke, Women’s Hospital; Dr. Charles A. Siler, Men’s Hospital; Mrs. Siler (Dr. Marian Siler); (Dr. and Mrs. Siler resigned in 1924); 1 Chinese physician; Miss Maude M. McGwi- gan, Nurse in Charge; 2 nurses, 6 assistants. In-patients 263 men, 72 women; dispensary patients 2,087 men, 1,392 women, who made 6,022 return visits; operations 153. The China Missions 171

Shaowu: Men’s Hospital. Founded 1878 by Dr. H. T. Whitney. Capacity 22 beds. Buildings: Out-patient Building; building con­ taining two wards and operating room; building containing 6 rooms for private patients. Staff: Dr. Edward L. Bliss, 3 assistants. Dr. Alfred J. Stewart goes out in 1924 and will carry on during Dr. Bliss’s furlough. In­ patients 60; new dispensary patients 6,000; total treatments 16,000. Operation figures not available.

Shaowu: Sarah Parker Hospital, f Founded 1899 by Dr. Lucy P. Bement. Capacity 40 beds. Cost of maintaining a bed, $52 a year. Buildings: One one-story brick building, 40 x 70 feet; 1 two-story brick building, 45 x 120 feet. Staff: Dr. Bement, Dr. Tiu, 2 graduate nurses, 3 nurses. Miss Jennie Jacobs, nUrse, goes out 1924 to join the staff. In-patients 25; total treatments 4,400; operations not recorded. There is a Nurses’ Training School in connection with the hospital.

Shih-chia-chuang: Willis G. Noble Hospital. (North China) Founded 1923 by the Paotingfu Local Association. Opened in rented quarters. Capacity 12 beds. Staff: Dr. Li Po K ’ang, 2 nurses, 2 assistants. In 9 months the in-patients have numbered 69; dispensary patients 718, receiving 3,342 treatments; major operations 42, minor 44. Income: $958 in fees, $263 in gifts from patients and their friends. It is self-supporting aside from equipment and repairs.

Taiku: Smith-Barton Hospital. Formerly called the Jud- son Smith Memorial and Esther Bairton Hospitals. Memorial of Dr. Judson Smith, since he first stimulated the students in Oberlin to volunteer for the China Band and they started the Shansi Mission. Founded about 1904. Capacity: Men’s Department 44 beds, Women’s 36. Cost of maintaining a bed, $50. Buildings: Williams Chapel (Rev. Mark Williams gave the first large gift, $4,000); Torrey Wing (for Elbridge Torrey); Oak Park Wing (named for the church that built it and that has supported Dr. and Mrs. Hemingway); Esther Barton Hospital (built by Oak Park Church and named for its Pastor’s wife); Laura Hales Wing and Barnes Wing, also used for women and children. The Chinese gave over $3,000 for the Hospital. The whole plant was dedicated in November, 1922. 172 The China Missions

Staff: Dr. Willoughby A. Hemingway, Superintendent; Dr. W. P. T ’ien, Assistant Superintendent; Dr. C. L. Wen; Miss Alma M. Atzel, Superintendent of Nurses’ Training School; Miss Helen Dizney, Superintendent of Nurses of Esther Barton Hospital; A. C. Hausske, Business Manager; 4 nurses, 2 assistants; 12 in Nurses’ Training School. In-patients 392; dispensary patients 2,174, receiving 7,422 treat­ ments. It supports doctor and nurse in out-station dispensary and supervises a public bath-house for women and children.

Taiku: Smith-Barton Branch Hospital. At Chingyuan, twenty miles northwest. Capacity 18 beds; cost per bed, $40 a year. Physician, Dr. Liu Yu, for 10 years assistant in Smith-Barton Hospital, aided by a student nurse from the Training School. The two hospi­ tals together had during the year 296 men and 204 women as in­ patients; 2,268 men and 1,418 women made 7,295 return visits to the dispensary and 168 operations were performed.

Tehsien: Porter Hospital for Women, f Founded 1914 by W. B. M. I. Capacity 40 beds. Cost of maintaining a bed, $100. Staff: Dr. Lois Pendleton, Miss Sawyer, Miss Jevne, 2 Chinese physicians, 2 graduate nurses. In-patients 430, new dispensary pa­ tients 1,516 receiving 8,296 treatments; 90 major operations, 347 minor. Dr. Pendleton assisted as instructor in sanitation and hygiene in connection with a summer school at Shantung Christian University.

Tehsien: Williams Hospital for Men. Founded 1878 by Dr. Henry Porter. Capacity 60 beds. Cost of maintaining a bed, $100. Staff: Dr. Francis F. Tucker (Superintendent of both hospitals), Dr. Emma B. Tucker, Rev. and Mrs. Emery W. Ellis (manager, chaplain, evangelist both hospitals), Misses Sawyer and Jevne part-time, 2 Chinese physicians, 2 nurses, 2 assistants. In-patients 517; new dispensary patients 2,382 receiving 11,690 treatments; major operations 101, minor 449. A city dispensary was opened during the year. The doctors take turns in taking post-graduate work at Peking Union Medical College for a few weeks. One fourth of the budget of the hospitals is raised locally. The Williams and Porter Nurses’ Training School was started at Pang Chuang in 1909 and more fully organized in Tehsien, 1915. Course four years. Miss Myra Sawyer, Superintendent; Miss Grace The China Missions 173

Jevne assists her. Enrolment 23. It has taken highest rank in China. The hospitals have eight branch dispensaries, each costing $100 a yeaf. The proportion of women treated in these is larger than in the base hospital. The Hospital Inn cares for quite a number of patients, especially men.

Tunghsien: Hospital. Founded 1882 by Dr Mary L. Holbrook. Rebuilt 1902. Buildings: Men’s Court has a main hospital, living quarters for the staff, servants’ quarters, kitchen, etc.; Women’s Court has a main hospital and nurses’ home. Staff: Dr. O. Houghton Love, 1 Chinese physician, business man­ ager, pharmacist, 4 nurses. In-patients 197, newdis pensary patients 2,031 receiving 11,866 treatments; calls 1619; total treatments 3,485; major operations 45, minor 188.

Yangkow Hospital. (Shaowu). Founded 1915 by Rev. K. J. S. Kuan. Capacity 30 beds. Buildings: One two-story brick edifice; wooden frame nurses’ and helpers’ building; wooden frame kitchen building. Now temporarily closed for lack of funds. The American Board Missions in Japan

Stations: Location and Special Work of Missionaries

Kobe (1870) — Miss Martha J. Barrows: Evangelistic work, Bible Training School. Mrs. Jennie P. Stanford: Teaching in the Women’s Evangelistic School; Sunday School work. Miss Susan A. Searle: President Emeritus, Kobe College. Miss Charlotte B. DeForest: Presi­ dent of Kobe College. Miss AnnieL. Howe: Principal of Glory Train­ ing School and Kindergarten. Mr. Harold W- Hackett: Mission Treas­ urer and Business Agent. Mrs. Anna P. Hackett. Miss Sarah M. Field: Household Science teacher, Kobe College. Miss Edith E. Husted, Miss Stella M. Graves, Miss Isabelle McCausland, Miss Grace H. Stowe, Miss Mary E. Stowe, Miss Eleanor L. Burnett: Teachers in Kobe College. Miss Grace E. Babcock: Teaching, Bible Training School.

Osaka (1872) — Rev. Sherwood F. Moran: Social evangelistic work. Mrs. Ursul R. Moran. Miss Alice E. Cary: Settlement work. Miss Fina C. Ott: Language study, educational work.

Kyoto (1875) — Hilton Pedley, D. D.: Mission and Field Secretary. Mrs. Martha J. Pedley: Sunday School work. Dwight W. Learned, D.D.: Professor in Theological Department of Doshisha University; literary work. Mrs. Florence H. Learned: Kindergarten and Sunday School work. Rev. Samuel C. Bartlett: Religious work for students. Mrs. Fanny G. Bartlett: Dean of Women, Doshisha University; Edward B. Cobb, D.D.; Professor in Doshisha Theological School. Mrs. Florence Cobb: Educational work, Doshisha Girl’s School; Sunday School work. Rev. Frank A. Lombard: Professor in Literary Department of Doshisha University; lecturer English literature, Imperial University. Mrs. Alice W. Lombard. Rev. William L. Curtis: Station evangelistic work; teaching in Doshisha. Mrs. Grace L. Curtis. Rev.Darley Downs: Work for students, Doshisha Academy. Mrs. Portia L. Downs. Mrs. Agnes D. Gordon: In charge of the Soai Kindergarten. Miss Mary F. Denton: Educational work, Doshisha Girl’s School; Sunday School work. Miss Katharine F. Fanning: Principal of 174 Missions in Japan 175

Imadegawa Kindergarten. Miss Alice E. Gwinn: Educational work, Doshisha Girl’s School. Miss Ethel Gulick: Language study.

Okayama (1879) — Rev. C. Burnell Olds: General station and evangelistic work. Mrs. Genevieve D. Olds: Work for Women; kinder­ garten class. Jliisj Alice P. Adams: Head of Hakuaikai Social Settlement.

Niigata (1885) — Rev. Aaron W. Downs: General Evangelistic work. Mrs. Jessie G. Downs.

Sendai (1886) — Rev. Clarence S. Gillett: General evangelistic work. Mrs. Marion M. Gillett.

Maebashi (1888). — Rev. Marion E. Hall: General Evangelistic work. Mrs. Marjory W- Hall. Miss Fanny E. Griswold: Teaching in Girl’s school; in charge of Seishin Kindergarten.

Tottori (1890) — Miss Estella L. Coe: Teaching in Night School; Bible Classes and girls’ organizations.

Tokyo (1890) —

Miyazaki (1891) — Charles M. Warren: General Station and evangelistic work; Bible classes. Mrs. Cora K. Warren: In charge of Davis Memorial Kindergarten and work for women.

Sapporo (1895) — Rev. William P. Woodard: General missionary work. Mrs. Harriet M. Woodard.

Residing at Otaru — Rev. Frank Cary: General missionary work. Mrs. Rosamond B. Cary.

Matsuyama (1897) — Mr. Leeds Gulick: General evangelistic work. Mrs. Gladys R. Gulick. Miss Cornelia Judson: Principal of Matsuyama Night School, Kindergarten, Sunday School. Miss Olive S. Hoyt: Principal of Matsuyama Girls’ School. Miss Rosamond H. Clark: Language study, educational work. 176 Missions in Japan

Seoul, Korea (1923) — HoratioB. Newell, D. D.: Representative for Mission and Kumiai Churches. Mrs. Jane C. Newell.

On Furlough — George M. Rowland, D. D.; Mrs. Helen A. Row­ land; Rev. Henry J. Bennett; Mrs. Anna J. Bennett; Miss Gertrude Cozad; Miss Edith Curtis; Rev. Jerome C. Holmes; Mrs. Jennie E. Holmes.

Associated with the Mission. — (Kobe) Miss Mabel L. Field; Miss Florella F. Pedley: Teachers in Kobe College. (Kyoto) Mr. James A. Jenkins; Mr. Allen I. Lorimer: Instructors in Doshisha University. (Matsuyama) Miss Katharine Merrill: Teacher in Matsuyama Girls’ School.

All the missionaries on furlough have returned to the field except Mr. and Mrs. Holmes. Mr. Holmes is now connected with the San Francisco office. Six missionaries have come for furlough. Mr. and Mrs. Bennett had to leave the field early for health reasons, and Miss Cozad is on a visit to America. Mrs. Learned was in America for six months in 1924 for her health. Miss H. Frances Parmelee has retired from active service, but is making her home in Japan. Dr. and Mrs. Rowland have been assigned to the Tokyo station. Mr. and Mrs. Woodard are located at Sapporo. Miss Babcock and Miss Graves have joined the staff of Kobe College and Miss Gwinn is now at the Doshisha in Kyoto. Miss Grace and Miss Hortense Wrockloff, Miss Helen Fair, and Mr. Stewart Nichols have completed their terms of service. The new missionaries for 1924 are Miss Fina C. Ott, to be located at Osaka, Miss Rosamond H. Clark, at Matsuyama, both on life appointment; and the following on term engagement: Mr. James A. Jenkins and Mr. Allen I. Lorimer, connected with the Doshisha, and Miss Katharine Merrill, a teacher for the girls’ school in Matsuyama.

STATISTICS (1922). (Including the statistics for the Kumiai Churches in Japan.) — Twelve stations; 46 out-stations; population of field 9,723,600. Missionaries: ordained 19; unordained men 2; wives 21; single women 29; total missionaries 71; associate workers 4. The native force: Ordained preachers 82; unordained preachers 35; Bible women 17; total workers 134. The church: places of regular meeting 263; organized churches 80, with 24,237 communi­ cants; added last year 1000; total constituency 30,000; Sunday Missions in Japan 177

Schools, 245 with a membership of 19,289; Christian Endeavor So­ cieties, 8 with a membership of 408. The educational work: theo­ logical and training schools, 3 with 93 students; 2 colleges with 1095 students; 13 middle schools with 5,410 students; 17 kindergartens with 923 students; total schools 31 and total under instruction 8,291. No regular medical work is maintained in the mission, but there is a small hospital at Okayama with a dispensary where 1035 were given 15,293 treatments. The total contributions for all purposes amounted to $180,184 and for church work alone $142,723.

JAPAN

NATIONAL QUESTIONS

One of the severest blows that has ever come to Japan from an economic point of view within the history of modern missions was the earthquake which occurred on the first of September a year ago, practically destroying the city of Yokohama and a great part of the city of Tokyo. This will stand in history as one of the world’s great catastrophes. Much of the surrounding country was left in ruins. Seaside resorts, farming and fishing hamlets were devastated. Five billion yen worth of property was destroyed and nearly 200,000 lives were lost. The Government with characteristic energy soon re­ established order and began to make plans for reconstruction. The plans contemplate a new method of building so that in case of similar seismic upheaval the same loss of property and life will not take place. Several of the leading mission boards suffered severe property losses, and many individual missionaries lost their homes and all their pos­ sessions. The American Board Mission losses were almost negligible. This may be called the first and overwhelming disaster which came to Japan in the period covered by this report. The second was of a different character, the Exclusion Act passed by the Congress of the United States, making Japanese ineligible to citizenship in the United States and therefore to entrance into the country. In some respects this act was borne with less equanimity by the Japanese population as a whole than the terrible losses from the earthquake. The Japanese looked upon the act as a blow at their own self-respect. Viscount Kiyoura, who was Prime Minister of the Japanese Empire at that time, said: “ I cannot but feel that America has gone astray in the matter of 178 Missions in Japan this exclusion legislation. The sense of self-respect bulks large in the makeup of the Japanese people, and this makes discrimination hurt. If it came from a second-rate nation, the sting would not be so strong, but coming from America, the land of justice and idealism, the blow is staggering.” For a time there was considerable excitement among the masses in Japan at what they regarded as unjust discrimination, but later reports from our missionaries indicate that the feeling is passing, the Japanese themselves recognizing that the act did not have its source in the hearts of the Christians of America. They have come to look upon it as more political as the sting of the act is lessened by time. The Japanese administration in Korea, which has become an integral part of the Japanese Empire, cannot but commend itself to those who understand the situation. At the head of the administra­ tion, Baron Sito, the Governor General, and Mr. Ariyoshi, the Vice- Governor General, are in deep sympathy with all that lifts up the moral standard of the people. Mr. Ariyoshi is a member of the Kumiai Church. They are both men of high ideals and clean lives and render any and all assistance in their power to the Christian churches and other organizations with the same end in view. Dr. Newell in writing of their work says: “These two men in their mutual confidence and harmonious co­ operation furnish a shining example of team work of the best type, and they labor in a spirit of self-sacrifice that might well put to shame many a professional churchman. Their approachableness and concilia­ tory spirit has practically disarmed the critics of the former regime and brought about a new era in the relations between the Govern­ ment and the Christian bodies at work in Korea. From the number of Christian men now in the Government service it seems evident that a distinct effort has been made to find suitable men of this stamp to fill public offices. The result is that all Christian workers have easy and immediate access to any department with practically no red tape and can go in the assurance that they will be met on the level and that all possible will be done to assist them in any program.” While all the problems before the Government have not yet been solved, there is a feeling that it is the purpose of the Government to solve them on the basis of Christian co-operation. Missions in Japan 179

THE JAPANESE PARLIAMENT

It is an interesting fact that in the new Japanese Diet there are 13 outspoken Christians. Eighty of the 200 members of the Diet were pledged before election to support reform movements and es­ pecially pledged to vote for the abolition of licensed prostitution in the Empire. Organized labor has received its first official recognition in the appointment of Mr. Bunji Suzuki as the official labor delegate to the International Labor Conference at Geneva. At the Interna­ tional Educational Conference held in San Francisco in the summer of .1923, Japan was represented by five official delegates, of whom four were Christians. Among the unofficial delegates from Japan was Miss Grace Stowe of the American Board Mission.

SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS

A widespread campaign has been vigorously waged in Japan against the reopening of the licensed prostitute district in the city of Tokyo. The old district was completely destroyed by earthquake and fire. This campaign shows that even among non-Christian Japanese there is an encouraging growth of disapproval of the con­ tinuance of licensed prostitution. In spite of protest, however, the first permanent buildings to be erected in the city of Tokyo were for that purpose. Premier Kiyoura has been much troubled by the prevalence of so- called dangerous thoughts and by the disintegration of public morals. Leaders of Buddhism, Christianity and Shintoism were called in conference by the Premier and the Minister of Education on success­ ive days at the capital. The purpose of these conferences seems to have been to secure the aid of religion in the improvement of public morals. There is good reason to believe that these conferences with Christian leaders indicated a sincere recognition on the part of the Government of the important part that Christianity is beginning to play in the moral life of Japan. The relief work carried on by the combined Christian forces im­ mediately after the earthquake has made a deep impression upon the Japanese people. Several missionaries of the American Board Mission went at once to the stricken areas and gave months of their time and strength, in the midst of most trying conditions, to the relief of suffer­ ing and, in co-operation with the Japanese Christians, for the organiza­ 180 Missions in Japan tion of relief. The American Board was able at the suggestion of the North China Council to authorize the transfer at once to Japan of $15,000 from a relief fund held in North China, and other sums were forwarded from America. While relief work took several of the missionaries away from their stations for the greater part of the year, it was well worth while as a demonstration of practical Christianity to a people in dire need. The Japan National Christian Council was launched in November, 1923. Thirty-eight Christian bodies in Japan of which 16 are Japanese groups and 22 American and British Missions, have combined to form this National Council, corresponding to similar Councils in China and in India. Five commissions have been set up on evangelism, education, so­ cial service, Christian literature and international relations. A full-time Japanese Secretary, Mr. K. Miyazaki, has been appointed and a monthly bulletin is being published. Among the activities planned for the near future are the launching of a two years’ special evangelis­ tic campaign and the securing of a building in Tokyo to serve as a center of the Christian movement in Japan. A special committee of the Council is at work on the subject of federation in theological training in Tokyo. The American Board work is carried on at 14 different centers, although the original 12 stations are retained as station organizations. We shall possibly hereafter refer to Seoul in Korea as one of the stations of the American Board. This work has been undertaken upon the invitation of the Joint Board of Directors of the Kumiai Churches and the Mission and at the invitation of all the Christian forces working in Korea. Dr. Newell who has been designated for that work, has his residence in Seoul, but he spends much of his time in visiting the churches outside of that strong, well-organized church with its Korean pastor and its 300 members. Thé population of the capital numbers 300,000 souls, 80,000 of whom are Japanese. In reviewing the force of American missionaries working in Japan, it is interesting to note that one missionary, Mrs. M. L. Gordon, has served the Mission for fifty years. She was present at the First Annual Meeting of the Mission, as she was this summer at its Fifty-first Meet­ ing. Three missionaries of the Board have served for forty years, 13 for thirty, 5 for twenty, 12 for ten, and 16 members have served for less than ten years. In a word, 17 members have served the Mission for thirty years and over and 33 for twenty years and under. In the meantime, the force of Japanese workers, pastors, teachers and Missions in Japan 181 evangelists has greatly increased, although the number does not at the present time begin to meet the demand. Last year’s report gave an account of the evangelistic work con­ ducted under the joint committee of Japanese and Americans. That work has gone on successfully during the year under review. The missionaries of the American Board engaged in evangelistic work do so under a committee, the majority of which is Japanese. The evangelistic work was hard hit by the earthquake. Tokyo was the strong center of the Kumiai evangelistic work, with 12 churches in Tokyo and Yokohoma and in the suburbs. Of these, four were completely destroyed with all their buildings. A considerable number of the church members were killed and a large proportion of the families suffered severe losses through the burning of their homes and the wrecking of their properties. From 50% to 85% of the possessions of church members was destroyed in the four churches alone. This unprecedented loss has necessarily greatly weakened financially the power of the Kumiai churches, not only to carry on their own work in their own fields, but to promote the missionary work of the churches and general evangelism throughout the Empire. The Kumiai churches throughout Japan contributed 21,000 yen for temporary repairs and the building of barracks to be used for church purposes until permanent buildings can be erected. An appeal endorsed by the Mission was made through the American Board to the Congregational churches of America for help in rebuilding the churches destroyed and in making good the losses sustained by the remaining churches. A careful estimate puts the replacement loss of the churches at 500,000 yen, with 100,000 yen in addition required to tide over the question of support for the next ten years. The Kumiai Christians are attempting to raise two-thirds of this amount in Japan. They appealed to America to raise one-third, or $100,000. Most unfortunately the appeal which was made through a commission of the National Council has brought in altogether through the American Board and the commission less than $10,000. This has been a great blow to the brave Japanese Christians who are facing the future with tremendous courage, but who had unbounded confidence that the American Congregationalists would give at least one-third of the amount needed for restoration purposes. We are glad to report that the Niigata Station has been opened after being without a resident missionary for several years. This was done at the request of the Japanese Riji. It is one of the very im­ 182 Missions in Japan portant cities of the province, constantly increasing in population. The city itself has over 100,000, with nearly 2,000,000 in the province. In Sapporo the church is endeavoring to reach the rural populations. The Hokkaido is essentially an agricultural area rapidly developing. One of the deacons of the Sapporo church, aided by his son-in-law, a graduate of the Agricultural College, is making special effort to put into agricultural development new life from the Christian point of view. The National Council of the Kumiai churches is interesting itself in special evangelism in the rural districts and among the farming com­ munities. The strongest evangelistic work of the field centers around the city of Kyoto where there are 30 Protestant churches and mission chapels, with a total membership of 6,500. The city of Kyoto itself has a population of nearly 700,000, with 16 towns in the prefecture of over 5,000 population and 235 villages of from 1,000 to 5,000, beside many villages of smaller groups.

EDUCATION

The educational work in which the Mission is interested centers in Doshisha in Kyoto, Kobe College and Glory Kindergarten and Train­ ing School in Kobe, the Girls’ High School and the Night School in Matsuyama and the kindergartens in about every station of the Mission. The Doshisha had during the year a total attendance of 3,600. There were 43 students in the Theological Department. The religious life of the school has been normal, and without periods of intensive evangelism as was the case last year. There are more than 1,000 Christian students in the Doshisha group, and the officers of the school have labored with a concerted effort to maintain the religious side of education at the highest efficiency. Compulsory religious instruction has been introduced into the higher commercial course where it has a thoughtful hearing from scores of mature young men, many of them already engaged in business in the city. Some of these were wholly ignorant of or indifferent to religion before. This effort has increased the attendance at University chapel and revolutionized conditions in religious instruction in the junior college which is con­ sidered the strategic part of the school. Seven hundred students now overcrowd the chapel at every service. Owing to the heavy earthquake losses among the alumni and friends of Doshisha, there has been a falling off in contributions to its support and a postponement or entire cutting off of contemplated special gifts. Missions in Japan 183

This has produced a financial stringency just at a time when increased endowments and new buildings seemed imperative. President Ebina visited America during the winter in the hope of raising funds to relieve this crisis and to provide for the future needs of the school. Dr. Ebina made many pleasant acquaintances, but did not succeed in securing much financial encouragement. The Japan Mission of the American Board and the American Board itself heartily endorsed the undertaking to increase the funds of Doshisha, an institution which has the confidence of all who are familiar with its important work. 4 Kobe College has had a successful year. We will remind our readers again that it is the oldest Christian girls’ college in Japan. In all of its departments it has had an attendance of over 600, with a total graduate body of the school of 1,027. New land for needed expansion has been purchased by the alumnae and the Japanese friends of the school. To this admirably located site the College must move soon, leaving its present over-crowded site to the Junior College and Academy. It appeals to the people of America to provide adequate buildings and equipment. Space will not permit detailed reference to the various schools and kindergartens in different parts of the field. One incident of the year, perhaps, should be recorded and that is the bestowal by His Majesty the Emperor, on the occasion of the Prince Regent’s marriage, of gifts of money and a silver cup upon Mr. Nishimura, the principal, and upon Miss Judson, the founder, of the Matsuyama Night School. A testi­ monial of the appreciation of the school’s work and value was also given to each, with a gift of 1,000 yen for endowment of the school, thus showing the place it has made for itself in Japan. In view of the widely extending work of the American Board Mission in Japan, of the losses which the Kumiai churches have sustained during the last year, of the opportunities for advance at every station occupied by the Board, there is a most urgent call for increased appro­ priations to meet the present emergency, as well as for special funds to rebuild the destroyed or injured churches. Here is an opportunity for the Congregational churches of America to demonstrate their confi­ dence in Japan to offset in a considerable measure the effect of the Ex­ clusion Act, and to demonstrate the sense of brotherhood which binds Japan and America together in a great common cause for the peace of the Pacific. Institutions of the Japan Mission

Educational and Social

Kindergartens : — Kobe: Glory Kindergarten, f This is the Model Kindergarten for the Training School founded 1889. Miss Annie L. Howe, Principal. At its thirty-fifth Commencement exercises its certificate was given to the nine hundredth child to graduate from Glory Kindergarten; she was one of a class of 30.

Kyoto: Imadegawa Kindergarten.* Founded 1900 by Rev. and Mrs. Dwight W. Learned. Director, Miss Katherine Fanning; 3 Japanese teachers. Enrolment 60, though 95 have attended during the year. Gifts from the families of the children show their apprecia­ tion of the work accomplished.

Kyoto: Soai Kindergarten.* Founded 1892 by Dr. M. L. Gordon. Staff: Miss Katherine Fanning, 3 Japanese teachers. En­ rolment 59, though a hundred have attended during the year. These children are largely from professional families.

Maebashi: Seishin Kindergarten.* Founded by Mrs. W. H. Noyes. Miss Fanny E. Griswold, Principal. Enrolment 65.

Matsuyama: Night School Kindergarten.* Founded 1918by Miss Cornelia Judson who is principal, with 2 Japanese teachers to assist. Enrolment 55. The school has been notably successful in the correction of bad habits.

Matsuyama: Katsuyama Kindergarten.* Founded 1915. Staff: One certificated and two uncertificated teachers. Enrolment 35.

Miyazaki: Mutual Love Kindergarten.* Founded 1909 by Mrs. C. Burnell Olds. Mrs. Charles M. Warren, Principal; 3 teachers Enrolment 68. Mrs. Warren went to Tokyo to help in the relief work. The children from their little gifts saved enough pennies to send a hundred boxes of caramels for her to give Tokyo children, and their parents sent money to be used for relief. ♦Institutions marked with an * are supported by the Woman's Board of Missions; institutions marked with a t by the Woman’s Board of Missions of the Interior. Institutions marked with a t by The W om an’s Board of Missions for the Pacific. 184 Missions in Japan 185

Okayama: Social Settlement Kindergarten.* Mrs. Olds in charge during the year. One of the two fine teachers from the Glory Training School will be retained. Enrolment 63. The first class was graduated in March and numbered 15.

Tottori: Aishin Kindergarten.% Founded 1906 by I. Katagiri, continuing the work of Mrs. Bartlett’s Playground. Mrs. Henry J. Bennett, Principal. Three teachers. Enrolment 65. The children brought 16 yen and some toys to be sent to earthquake sufferers.

Tottori: Hamazaka Kindergarten, i Founded 1913 by Mrs. N. Takata, who is Principal. Enrolment 34.

Kobe College.f Founded 1875 by Miss Eliza Talcott. Depart­ ments: Academy; Junior College; Senior College. Board and tuition: Academy $133, College $136. Buildings: Old — 6 school buildings; 3 dormitories; 2 teachers’ residences; 2 servants’ buildings; bath­ house, kitchen, storehouse. New — 1 one-story recitation building with 3 rooms; a small cottage for gate-keeper. A site of 17 acres has been secured for the College Department. Staff: Susan A. Searle (Emeritus), Charlotte B. DeForest (Presi­ dent), Eleanor L. Burnett, Mabel L Field, Sarah M. Field, Edith Husted, Isabelle McCausland, Florella F PedW Louise Wrockloff, Grace H., and Mary E., Stowe, Rev. H. Hatanaka,Dean, and 40 Japan­ ese teachers. Enrolment: College 190; Academy 388; Music 36; total 614 The Government license was given for graduates of the English Normal course to teach without having to take examinations. Thirty- eight of the students did volunteer Sunday School work. The Dean represented Japan at the Student Volunteer Convention in America.

Kobe: Glory Kindergarten and Training School. J Founded 1889 by the Japanese Women’s Society of the First Congregational Church of Kobe, afterward transferred to the W. B. M. I. Grade: Normal School with its Model Kindergarten. Cost per student, $147 a year. Buildings: An eight-roomed building, housing work of Kinder­ garten and Training School; a small dormitory; home of Principal, also used as dormitory; 3 rented dormitories. Miss Annie L. Howe, Principal. At the seventeenth annual meeting of the Japan Kindergarten Union, a banquet was given in her honor, with speeches, songs and letters of greeting from the kindergarten 186 Missions in Japan training schools of Japan and kindergartners and old-time friends in America. The graduates of the Training School number 202. Sixty- five of them are teaching in forty-two kindergartens.

Kobe: Women’s Evangelistic School, f Founded 1881 by Misses Martha J. Barrows and J. A. Dudley. Departments: Regular department for high school graduates; special department for older women with less complete school equipment. Cost per student, $100 a year. Buildings: Original building containing matron’s rooms, kitchen, dining room, with dormitory upstairs; Main Building (1908) containing chapel, classrooms, office, practice and dormitory rooms. Staff: Miss Gertrude Cozad, Principal; Rev. Kinjiro Nagasaka, Dean; Mrs. Jennie P. Stanford, Miss Florella Pedley (3 hours), 2 Japanese teachers, 6 part-time teachers. Enrolment 27. The stu­ dents have worked in two Sunday schools, in a class for nurses, a class for house-maids, among mill-operatives and the workers in city crèches, gaining practical experience during their two-year course. Five pupils and five graduates with two teachers went to Tokyo to help in the relief work«

Kyoto: Doshisha University. Founded 1875 by Joseph Nee* sima in co-operation with the American Board Mission. Became a University with Imperial University standing, 1920. Departments: Philosophy and Letters (including Theology); Political Economy. Buildings: Main Campus — Old Administration Building; Chapel; Old Library; Stone-Clark Science Hall; Harris Science Hall, all of brick and stone and built before 1903; New Administration Building, of brick; New Library, of stucco; old frame building for Academy classes; 2 stucco buildings erected 1922, one for the College, one for the Academy, the $22,000 for the latter being raised by the parents of the boys then in the school. On the Girls’ Campus is James Hall, Pacific Hall, gift of W. B. M. P.; Domestic Science Hall, Gymnasium, 4 dormitories, small office building. Rev Danjo Ebina, President. Department of Philosophy and Letters has Rev. Frank A. Lombard and 8 Japanese teachers on its staff, with an enrolment of 32. Mrs. S. C. Bartlett is Dean of Women. Department of Political Economy has a staff of 29 teachers, Rev. W. L. Curtis giving part of his time, and has an enrolment of 334. Doshisha Academy has on its staff Rev. Darley Downs, Rev. Frank Missions in Japan 187

A. Lombard, Stewart B. Nichols (completing two-year term, Mr. Allen I. Lorimer, taking his place this year as Amherst Representa­ tive), 28 Japanese teachers, 10 assistants; enrolment 1,050. Doshisha Theological College has on its staff Rev. E. S. Cobb, Rev. S. C. Bartlett, Rev. Dwight W. Learned; enrolment40. Doshisha Commercial School, of college grade, has 27 Japanese teachers and enrolment of 433.

Doshisha Girls’ College.! Founded 1878 by Alice Starkweather, has on its staff, Miss Mary F. Denton, Mrs. S. C. Bartlett, Mrs. E. S. Cobb, Miss A. D. Campbell, 87 Japanese teachers; enrolment 1,116, of whom 705 are in the Academy and 411 in the college.

Maebashi: Mutual Love Girls’ School. Founded 1891 by the Christians. Departments: Junior High School; Sewing School. Buildings: One, erected 1923. Miss Fanny E. Griswold, W. B. M. representative on staff.

Matsuyama: Girls’ High School.* Founded 1886 by Kunijiro Ninomiya. Departments: Junior High, 2 years; Senior High, 2 years; the girls accomplish work equivalent to part of a college course in America Buildings: two school buildings, the dormitory having been made over into class-rooms the past year so that after March, 1924, dormitory life was given up until there should be a new building. This lack is a serious handicap to the school, as one of the most efficient agencies for character-building is not being developed. Staff: Miss Olive Hoyt, Miss Helen Faye Fair (one year), 8 full­ time and 4 part-time Japanese teachers; Miss Katharine Merrill went out as a term teacher in the summer of 1924 and Miss Fina Ott for life service. Enrolment 135. The year has seen the intro­ duction of foreign clothes in the shape of middy blouses and pleated skirts, which permit greater freedom of movement than do Japanese garments, and aid in physical development. The students contribu­ ted money and clothing for relief of earthquake sufferers. Eight were baptized during the year.

Matsuyama: Night School.* Founded 1891 by Miss Cornelia Judson. Grades: Grammar Grade 2 years; High School, 4 years of two hours at night; four-hour class for full High School course in the forenoons. Buildings: One two-story school house; a small dormitory and home for the Principal; a small kindergarten. 188 Missions in Japan

Staff: Miss Judson, Mr. Sugawo Nishimura (Principal), Leeds Gulick (since April, 1924), 9 teachers. Enrolment: Grammar grade 110, High School 177, post graduates 5, sewing class 10, Day School 65, total 367 Miss Judson and Mr. Nishimura were recipients of honors bestowed by the Emperor after the wedding of the Crown Prince. A Christian soldier has joined the staff of the school and his soldierly bearing and upright character has given him a strong influence over the students. Another gives military gymnastics once a week. Several students have taken honors at higher schools.

Miyazaki: School Girls’ Home. Founded by Mrs. Cyrus A. Clark about 1892. Dormitory erected 1912 for girls attending the Government High School and other schools. Self-supporting except for salary of matron who works along other lines as well. Rev. and Mrs. Warren in charge. Enrolment 20. Eight were baptized.

Okayama: Social Settlement School.* Founded 1891 by Miss Alice Adams. Departments: Kindergarten; Primary School; Sec­ ondary School; Sewing School. Cost of support of student, $12 to $20. Rev. C. B. Olds in charge 1923-24 during Miss Adams’ furlough; 6 teachers. Enrolment: Kindergarten 63; Primary School 79; Sewing School 90; total 232.

Osaka: Plum Blossom Girls’ School. Founded 1878 by the Japanese. Departments: Primary School; High School; College. Buildings: Administration Building with class-rooms and auditorium: Gymnasium; Building for the higher grades. For lack of sufficient high schools 2,000 girls in Osaka city every year have to go without any education beyond the primary schools. So the Educational Depart­ ment of the city urged this school to take in more girls than it had planned to take in, and granted it a subsidy to make this possible. The official inspectors from Tokyo noted in the daily press the difference in atmosphere between the Christian and non-Christian schools of Osaka, the earnestness and seriousness of purpose in the former. Staff: Hortense Wrockloff (B), Edith Curtis (B), Mrs. Rose Larsen, Sidney L. Gulick, Japanese Principal and 21 teachers. Enrolment: College 50; High School 750. The College graduated its first class in March, 1924. The seniors are responsible for the School Y. W. C. A. Mrs. Larsen has an English Bible Study class for all the College girls. Missions in Japan 189

• Publications: Japan Mission News; the Sapporo Church paper, Aurora Borealis, with which The Northern Brotherhood was merged 1922. The publishing house in Tokyo, which had the textbooks translated and published by Glory Kindergarten and Training School, was de­ stroyed at the time of the earthquake, and although the business has been put upon its feet and new editions will be put on the market, the school is inconvenienced for text books which are not otherwise obtain­ able. The stereotype plates of Dr. Learned’s Church History and Commentary on the New Testament were also destroyed and he and his former Japanese collaborator are revising the books for a “ Resurrection Edition.”

Social Service. In Kobe the Mission has been in closest touch from the beginning with: Home for Ex-Convicts; Kobe Orphanage; Hostel for Women; School for the Blind; Kobe Women’s Welfare Association. In Okayama the Loving-All Social Settlement was founded 1891 by Miss Alice Adams who is the head worker. Besides the school and kindergarten, described under Kindergartens and Okayama, there is a Dispensary with 3 physicians, 1 nurse and 5 assistants, which has 6 beds (cost of maintaining a bed, $120 a year), and gave 1,035 patients 15.293 treatments. At a large meeting at the Prefectural Assembly Hall in honor of Miss Adams, the citizens of Okayama pre­ sented her with several thousand yen. After the Crown Prince’s wedding the Government bestowed on her a silver cup and a money gift of 200 yen. Grants to the Settlement have been even more generous than the year before in spite of the earthquake. In Osaka a splendid piece of land was purchased a year ago for the erection of a community house at the center of a densely populated section in the midst of factories. The relief work of the past year has interrupted plans for community work, but a day nursery is soon to be opened to be followed by a kindergarten. In Tottori there are two schools in the slums, and a Home for young workers has begun to grow spontaneously.

Tottori: English School. Founded 1917 by M. E. Hall, Miss E. L. Coe and a Japanese committee. Grade: Secondary School. Tuition $3.50. Staff: Rev. H. J. Bennett, Miss Estella Coe, 3 teachers. Enrol­ ment 120. It is the Night School, which has reorganized with a wider 190 Missions in Japan scope, including all private and club English classes, and is now known simply as the Tottori English School.

Tottori: Girls’ Camp, Aradome. Started 1921 by a committee of the Mission, Miss Estella Coe, chairman. Cost, $7 for the ten days. Last summer 28 girls had the benefit of the outing, the training in teamwork, the talks by various lecturers. The camp was well written up in the leadings newspapers. The American Board Missions in the Islands and Papal Lands

Stations: — Location and Special Work of Missionaries

MISSION TO PHILIPPINES

Davao (Mindanao) (1902).—Rev. Julius S. Augur: Evangelistic work and schools among the wild tribes. Mrs. Gertrude E. Augur: Church and Social work. RoyE. St. Clair, M. D.: In charge of hospi­ tal and medical work. Mrs. Florence C. St. Clair.

Cagayan (Mindanao) (1915).— Rev. Frank J. Woodward: General evangelistic work, North Coast and Cagayan station. Mrs. Marion W. Woodward: Woman’s work. Floyd 0. Smith, M. D.: In charge of Cagayan Hospital; Medical work on the North Coast. Mrs. Bessie H. Smith. Miss Grace E. Fox: Teaching in Dormitory and Girls’ Bible School. Miss Florence L. Fox; Nurse in Cagayan Hospital; teaching in Bible School and homes.

Outside the Mission. — (Manila) Rev. Frank C. Laubach, Ph.D. Professor in the Union Theological Seminary and Union Christian College. Mrs. Effie S. Laubach: Teaching in Union High School.

On Furlough. — Rev. Irving M. Channon; Mrs. Mary G. Channon; Miss Anna Isabel Fox. After an extended furlough for the purpose of raising funds for the hospital at Cagayan, Mr. and Mrs. Woodward have returned to the mission. Miss Isabel Fox is home for furlough and Mr. and Mrs. Channon are to take theirs in the spring of 19125. There are no new appointees for the year. Miss Grace Fox, who was reported last year as on a five years’ term is on life service.

STATISTICS (1923). — Two stations: 21 outstations; population of field 675,000. The missionaries: ordained 4; unordained men 2; wives 6; single women 3; total missionaries 15. The native force: ordained preachers 4; unordained preachers 15; men teachers 7; 191 192 The Philippine Mission women teachers 2; Bible women 2; other workers 3; total workers 34. The native church: Places of regular meeting 44; organized churches 3, with 1,940 communicants of whom 259 were added during the year; total constituency 8,800. Sunday Schools 48, with a membership of 2,020. Christian Endeavor Societies 10, with a membership of 376. The educational work: Training schools 1, with 8 students; 2 students in Silliman Institute; 7 boys in the Cagayan High School; three primary schools with 147 boys and 80 girls; total schools 5; total under in­ struction 260. The native contributions for Christian work $479; for other purposes $235; total contributions $714. The medical work: hospitals 2; in-patients 984; dispensaries 2; dispensary patients 10,994; outside visits 1,840; total treatments 21,794; major operations 31; minor operations 271; total 302.

THE PHILIPPINE MISSION

There is no other Mission of the American Board in which the loca­ tion of stations and residences of missionaries are so widely separated as in the Mission to the Philippine Islands. The station of Davao, the first one occupied by the Board, is on the southern coast of Min­ danao and only by sea can Cagayan on the north coast, the central station, be reached, two weeks or more being required for the entire tçip. Then, too, while Mindanao, the second largest island of the whole Philippine group, has been assigned by common consent to the American Board, the Board has a station at Manila occupied by Dr. and Mrs. Laubach, and it is co-operating in Silliman Institute, a Presbyterian institution located at Dumaguete on the island of Negros Orientale, north of Mindanao. A commission of which Dr. Laubach is chairman has made a careful investigation of social reconstruction. An extensive report has been prepared covering such important topics as “ Recreation,” “ Health and Sanitation,” “ Government and Legislation,” “ Labor Conditions,” “ Moral Reform,” “ Alleviation of Poverty.” A special section was prepared by district committees dealing with the Northern Luzon District, the West Visayan District, the Central Luzon District, the Bicol District, East Visayan District and Mindanao. This report is of great value in planning for the Christian approach to the different classes of people in the group of islands as well as in the application of the Gospel of Christ to their varied and complicated needs. Much The Philippine Mission 193 of it would be most interesting to quote at this time, but space does not permit. Dr. Laubach is engaged primarily in union educational work in Manila, where the various Mission Boards are co-operating. The plan for a Union Theological Seminary is moving slowly, but there is hope that before the end of the year, work will be begun on the construction of buildings on the land already secured. In writing of the work on the island Dr. Laubach speaks of the concentration there of tens of thousands of bright, alert, eager students who are easily approachable with the gospel message. In one of his communications he says: “ We have held meetings regularly in a cinematograph in San Nicolas, the slum district of Manila. The average attendance at these Sunday morning meetings has been four hundred. W7e hope this may develop into the second branch of a United Church in Manila. No other church, either Protestant or Catholic, is to be found in that district.” A United Church has been organized in Manila wholly under Philippine control. Dr. Laubach has given some time to work in and through this church and speaks of it as one of the most significant movements in the religious development of the Philippine Islands. The General Student Secretary of the Y. M . C. A. is one of its leading promoters. The Filipino President of the National University, the largest institution in the district, is President of the Church Council, which includes many other well-known young Filipino leaders. They are endeavoring to secure a new church building. Dr. Channon, made Dean two years ago of the Union Bible Train­ ing School, which is a department of Silliman Institute and under the guidance of its faculty and Board of Trustees, gives his entire time to teaching and administration. The Institute is co-educational and an increasing number of its young women students are asking for the privilege of attending courses in the Bible School. Nearly all the young men who come to the Bible School for preparation for religious work are married, and it is important that their wives also receive instruction. This necessarily opens the School to the admission of women. One of the new features of the school is the opening of a Yisayan course which has for its object the training of lay workers for the Vis- ayan churches. The rank and file of church membership are admitted 194 The Philippine Mission to this course, and in addition to the inspirational and purely religious instruction, courses are given in the conception of a working church covering various topics connected with Sunday School, Christian Endeavor, women’s clubs, men’s brotherhoods and finance. Since the great body of the membership of the Visayan churches, as well as the student body, come from Catholic homes where the Bible has never been read and the members of the churches have had no responsibility, the importance of such a course can be easily recognized. It is hoped in this way to put into each church a body of men and women who will rally around the pastor in the support of its institutions and in its aggressive effort to reach the outside communities. In Davao, with its two missionary families, the work has naturally taken three distinct forms, educational, evangelistic and medical, although all three are closely affiliated and are constantly co-operating. The Davao field has developed rapidly during the last year. Large warehouses have been built in the town, power presses have been installed for baling hemp, powerful launches and lighters have been commissioned and managers and laborers brought in to establish and man the developing hemp industry. New stores have been opened and warehouses erected. A large number of new dwellings have been put up and the population of the entire area most materially increased. The Mission is endeavoring to meet the needs of this new community. It has opened a house for social gatherings, study club, Bible classes, and has begun special work for the young men. Davao is also a center for work among the wild tribes. New places have been opened during the year and access has been had to quite new areas. In the vicinity of Santa Cruz and Salidikon Bagobos have been attending services with increasing interest. The people themselves built their own chapel. From among the Bagobos an increasing num­ ber of students are coming to the central schools. Four boys finished last year in grade seven and three in grade 5, and enrolments in the primary schools are increasing. The medical work under Dr. St. Clair has been of prime importance. The large increase in the introduction of powerful machinery has brought many new patients to the mission hospital and the entire num­ ber of patients throughout the year has been to the limit of the capacity of the little hospital and beyond the capacity of a single doctor to care for. The hospital should have, and also the one at Cagayan, two Ameri­ can physicians for the present at least, until native physicians can be The Philippine Mission 195 raised up with adequate capacity and the right spirit for the work. One cannot survey the Davao field in the light of the reports that have come during the year without feeling that distinct progress is being made as the Gospel penetrates the hills, making its power felt in the remote mountain districts as well as in Davao and its surrounding towns. Cagayan has been well referred to as the central station of the Philippine Mission. It has more mission institutions than the other stations: — the Women’s Bible School, two Christian Dormitories for students and teachers in the government high school, and a hospital. While, like Davao, it has only two missionary families at present, Mr. and Mrs. Woodward having returned after a year’s furlough, it has besides, three American women giving their whole time to work for women and children, distinct and aggressive, one nursing in the hospital. The medical department is poorly equipped. Mr. Woodward, while in America, secured with the approval of the Prudential Commit­ tee, a fund of $30,000 for developing the medical plant at this great center where there are at least two hundred thousand people with no modern medical privileges except those furnished by the mission hospital. Under the leadership of Dr. Smith the hospital has been a strong force in evangelism, sending patients out with a new conception of life and with a beginning of the knowledge of the Gospel of Christ which they have carried with them to their homes. There is also money in hand for building the Women’s Bible school, and it is expected within the next year to see large development in construction of necessary buildings at this central station. Cagayan is also on the border of the Moro field which is one of the urgent and most attractive fields open to the American Board Mission in Mindanao. The Moros have been left to the American Board and its Mission for evangelization. They present one of the most inter­ esting and attractive problems of the entire Philippine Mission field. The government’s dealing with the Moros has been wise and considerate so that at the present time their attitude towards America and Ameri­ cans is decidedly friendly. They have a deep-seated prejudice against Christianity, for the only Christianity they have ever known is that of Spanish Romanism which has repeatedly attempted through force of arms to subdue them to the control and domination of the Roman Church. They have successfully resisted, but in these conflicts and through their resistance they have become irreconcilably opposed to 196 The Philippine Mission

Spanish Romanism which they call “ Christiano” and because of the name Christian they carry the idea over to anybody who comes to them as a Christian. They must yet learn the difference between the Christianity of love and the Christianity of force. The relations of our Mission to the Moros have been gratifyingly friendly. Our missionaries can go anywhere among them and receive only the most cordial greeting. Yet up to the present time nothing has been done except incidentally for and with the Moros. As one of our reports puts it: “We have been criminally insensible to a patriotic as well as a Christian duty to perform the service which the Moro people must have performed for them before they will cease to be a menace to the peace of the Philippine Islands.” In political circles in America there is much talk over the matter of the independence of the Philippines and of preparation for independence. Our Mission is convinced that there is no agency which can prepare the Moros for the time when the Philippine Islands will be independent as the missionary can in bringing the enlightenment of the Gospel and the power of Christian love to that historic and untamed people with its deep- seated devotion to war and reputation for savagery. The Mission is eager, as is the American Board, to begin definiteand directwork for this interesting people. It is evident that this work cannot be begun with the blare of trumpets; that men with the love of Christ in their hearts should be sent among them to spend a year or more in studying the language, their religious point of view, their customs, their prejudices and their potentialities, in order to form some policy as to the best method of approach, the one that would be least calculated to alarm them and arouse their opposition to Christianity, while at the same time containing the attractive and winning features of the Gospel of Christ. It is important that with the least possible delay one or two missionary families be appointed for the Moro work, to present the Christian faith from the standpoint of Christian love, but with un­ usual emphasis on the practical service which Christianity itself ren­ ders to the individual, to the home, and to society. Any identifica­ tion with Spanish Romanism must necessarily be avoided. We are convinced that such an approach will be doubly welcomed by the Moros and that there will be no unusual hindrance to a progressive building up of Christianity among that people. A special gift of $10,000 a year for five years would allow the Board and the Mission to begin and carry foward with strength a promising work among these people. Institutions in the Philippines

Educational and Social

Cagayan: Boys’ Dormitory. Founded 1918 by Dr. F. C. Laubach. Grade: Secondary School. Cost of support per pupil, $120 a year. Staff: Dr. Floyd O. Smith, Rev. P. A. Rodriguez. Student boarders 9; other boarders 4. During a convention in January, 13 municipal treasurers and clerks boarded here and attended services. The Dormitory is a center for church and social meetings. Cagayan: Girls’ Dormitory. *Founded 1918 by W. B. M. Staff: Misses Isabel, Evelyn, and Florence Fox, 1 assistant. During the year 34 girls were housed and cared for; some of them helped in the Church choir and in Sunday School work. Cagayan: Mission Hospital. Founded 1922 by Dr. Floyd O. Smith. Capacity 14 beds. Buildings: One, quite unsuitable for the purpose Money is in hand for the purchase of a site and the erection of a good hospital. Staff: Dr. Floyd O. Smith, Florence L. Fox, R. N., 3 nurses, 1 assistant. In-patients 577; dispensary patients 5058; doctor’s outside visits 472; nurse’s visits 833; total treatments 11,629; major operations 19, minor 56. Iron beds have been made for the patients; the cost per patient has been reduced. A lighting system had been promised for 1924; the headlight of a Ford was used for some night operations. Cagayan Women’s Bible School.* Founded 1921. Money is in hand for the erection of a building for both Bible School and Girls’ Dormitory. Staff: The Misses Fox, Mrs. F. O. Smith, 2 teachers. Enrolment 9; the first Commencement exercises were held in March, 1924; three girls were graduated, two of whom are now in field work and one is teacher in the school and assistant matron of Dormitory. Davao: Day Schools For the Wild Tribes. Melilla and Sibulon Schools, founded 1912 by Rev. Robert F. Black and Dr. Charles T.

* Supported by the Woman’s Board of Missions . 197 198 The Philippine Mission

Sibley; Binaton 1917 and Tubbison 1919 by Rev. Julius S. Augur. Grade: 3 primary schools, 1 kindergarten; Melilla has sixth grade and an intermediate school was opened in 1923. Tuition $12. Buildings: Chapel at Salidokon used also as kindergarten, built 1923 by the Bagobos; school at Sibulon built 1923 by the Bagobos; new school and teachers’ cottage built by them at Binaton, 1923. Rev. Julius S. Augur, Superintendent. Enrolment 214. Seven teachers have been em­ ployed. The boys of the intermediate school supported themselves by stripping hemp and by work in the gardens. Twenty-four pupils were baptized during the year. Davao: Day School Dispensaries. A small dispensary is maintained by the Mission Hospital in connection with each day school. Davao: Mission Hospital. Dr. Roy E. St. Clair, Physician. In-patients 407; dispensary patients 5,936; doctor’s visits 241; nurses’ visits 294; total treatments 10,165; minor operations 215, major 12.

Dumaguete: Silliman Institute. Presbyterian institution open to American Board. Founded 1901, Horace B. Silliman, Donor; Rev. D. S. Hubbard, Principal, 1901 — . Departments: Intermediate School; High School; College. Rev. Irving M. Channon and Mrs. Channon, American Board missionaries on the Faculty. Enrolment 751. Dumaguete: Silliman Institute Bible School (Union). Founded 1921, Presbyterians and Congregationalists co-operating. Departments: 2-year Regular Course for those planning to enter the ministry; Special Course in the Visayan dialect from January to Com­ mencement. Cost of support of student, $150. Rev. Irving M. Chan­ non, Dean. Enrolment 67. The special purpose of the School is to train lay workers and build up a working church. Manila: Union Theological Seminary. Founded 1904. Baptists, Congregationalists, Disciples, United Brethren, Methodists and Presbyterians co-operating. Departments: High School; Col­ lege; Seminary; Bible Training School. Buildings: Tooker Hall; in 1922 a new wing was added and land bought for a new adminis­ tration building. Staff: Rev. and Mrs. Frank C. Laubach, 21 Filipino teachers, 18 others. Enrolment: High School 266, College 22, Seminary 17; total 305. A Night High School has been added the past year. Micronesia

Kusaie (Caroline Islands) (1852). — Miss Elizabeth Baldwin; Miss Jane D. Baldwin: In charge of station school; Bible translation and printing.

Juluit (Marshall Islands). — Miss Jessie R. Hoppin: In charge of the Marshall work; care of school girls.

Associated with the Mission — (Jaluit). Rev. Carl R. Heine: General evangelistic work and touring; translation of Scriptures. Although furloughs are long overdue for all of the missionaries, they continue at their posts. The new missionary for whom the Board is searching has not yet been appointed.

STATISTICS (1923). — Stations 2; outstations 61; population of field 10,000. Single women 3; total missionaries 3; associate workers 1. Native force: Ordained preachers 10; unordained preach­ ers 32; men teachers 27; women teachers 14; Bible women 33; total workers 79. The native church: Places of regular meeting 86; organized churches 23, with 3,375 communicants of whom 165 were added during the year; total constituency 10,000. Sunday schools 86, with 2,801 members. Christian Endeavor Societies 77, with about 3,668 members. Boarding and training schools 1, with 70 pupils; 30 elementary schools, with 1,005 pupils; total schools 31; total under instruction 1,T)75. Native Contributions for Christian work $4,892.

MICRONESIA

There has been little change in the work in Micronesia during the year. From both the Marshall Islands and Kusaie there have been reports of epidemics which have come and gone. The Misses Baldwin and Miss Hoppin, the only missionaries of the American Board in the Islands, have long overstayed their furlough period and are remaining on in the absence of new recruits to take up and carry on their work. Miss Hoppin did break away last summer and spent a couple of months in Japan, greatly to her advantage and physical upbuilding, but she sorely needs a real furlough in the home land among her own kind. The American Board has authorized a missionary family for the Islands, 199 200 Mission in Micronesia but up to the present time no adequate candidate has been discovered. The Misses Baldwin have been engaged in printing the Bible in the Kusaien language, their own translation. They have secured a print­ ing press and are putting this Bible through the press by the work of their own students. It is a notable piece of missionary enterprise. Last year’s report referred to the arrival of the press. Mr. Heine, who assists Miss Hoppin in the Marshall group, has done the principal part of the touring among the twenty-four islands. He has also prepared in the native language the Sunday School lessons from week to week, distributing mimeographed copies. The relations with the Japanese Government have been satisfactory. There seems to be an increas­ ingly clear understanding between the Japanese officials and the mis­ sionaries in their purpose and plans and their hearty and cordial co-operation. Miss Hoppin has recently sent to the Board Rooms the manuscript copy of a new hymn book, not only earnestly desired by the Christians of the Islands, but imperatively needed. The old books have literally been sung to pieces and exist in most places only in fragments. In addi­ tion to the new hymn book, Miss Hoppin has sent the manuscript for a new primer for the mission schools and also asks for the reprinting of two other volumes now out of print in the Islands and imperatively needed for the conduct of the work. A careful estimate in the Rooms places the cost for the production of these four books at about $3,000. The hymn book alone, with an edition of 4,000 which would be re­ quired, would cost $1200. There is probably no missionary of the Board that is w-orking under greater privation than Miss Hoppin. She recently wrote that the house in which she lives has but two rooms, one for her living room, sleeping room, class room and for many other purposes combined. The only water she has for drinking and cooking purposes is that caught in an iron tank. They have difficulty in getting food, as there is almost no native food on the island. And yet with her characteristic cheerfulness she says: “ I have had a little thatched house made of island timber and remnants of boards just across the road from my house. This I have used as a guest room. M y younger boys have their classes there and spend their evenings in it when there are no guests. “ On the whole this is a nice quiet spot in which to live and work. I know you would enjoy a ride in my little canoe. You would love to Mission in Miscronesia 201 see the red and pink and white coral and the bright colored fishes and the almost human cocoanut trees.” If one thinks that the Marshall Island men are inferior we need but to hear Miss Hoppin’s statement that they are among the best, if not the best, seamen in the world. She writes. “ Mr. Ellis, who came to the Marshall Islands this spring and was our guest for a couple of months, studied the Marshall Island system of navigation and pronounced it perfectly sound and reasonable.” Mr. Ellis was a good navigator himself and therefore a good judge. These people are worth working for.

SCHOOLS IN MICRONESIA

Jaluit, Marshall Islands, Boarding School. Miss Jessie R. Hoppin, Supervisor. Its purpose is to train evangelists and teachers. Twenty day schools enroll 800.

Kusaie, Caroline Islands, Boarding and Training School.* Departments: Primary; Secondary; Music; Printing. Cost of sup­ port of student, $15 a year. Buildings: Four foreign dwellings — 2 school houses, 1 typhoon house, 1 storehouse; 9 native buildings — Girls’ dining room, Boys’ and Girls’ cook houses, canoe houses, dwelling houses, bath house, with coral stone floor and thatch roof and wall, built the past year. Misses Elizabeth and Jane Baldwin in charge for a quarter of a century. Eleven pupil teachers. Enrolment 70. Dur­ ing the year 195,068 pages were printed.

* Supported by the Woman’s Board of Missions. Mission in Mexico

Stations: — Location and Special Work of Missionaries

Guadalajara (1882). — Rev. Alfred C. Wright: Director of Colegio Internacional; Mission Treasurer. Mrs. Annie C. Wright: Evangelis­ tic work. Rev. Howard C. Champe: Language study, evangelistic work. Mrs. Eleanor L. Champe: Language study. Miss Mary B. Dunning: Educational work in Instituto Colon. Rev. James B. Benson; Mrs. Ruth K. Benson: Language study, educational work. Miss Gladys R. Thompson: Directora Instituto Colon.

Hermosillo (1886). — Miss Lora Frances Smith: Principal of Girls’ School. Mazatlan (1918). — Rev. Cedric E. Crawford: In charge of station work. Mrs. Jessie B. Crawford. Miss Julia M. Wagner: Educational work in Girls’ School.

El Fuerte (1919). —

Tepic (1923). —

In Mexico City. — John Howland, D. D.: President of Union Theological Seminary. Mrs. Sara B. Howland: Educational Work.

On Furlough. — Mr. Louis B. Fritts; Mrs. Mary G. Fritts; Miss Nellie 0. Prescott; Miss Margarita Wright.

Associated with the Mission. — (Guadalajara) Mr. and Mrs. Wendell W. Lorbeer: Educational work. Miss Rebecca R. Burdorf: Kindergarten teacher in Instituto Colon. Miss Frances E. Tredwell: Educational work. (Hermosillo) Rev. Horace T. Wagner: Evangelist for the West Coast. Mr. and Mrs. Wright and Miss Dunning have returned to the field while Miss Margarita Wright has come for her furlough. Mr. and Mrs. Fritts have severed their connection with the mission temporarily and are located in Oklahoma. Miss Vera Lorbeer married Mr. Rudolf Dalager in 1924 and withdrew from the mission. Mr. and Mrs. Robert Edwards of Guadalajara and Miss Claribel Bickford of Hermosillo have retired from service. Miss Dunning has returned to 202 Mission in Mexico 203

Guadalajara and Mr. and Mrs. Champe are also located there tem­ porarily. Miss Lora F. Smith has taken Miss Bickford’s place at the head of the school in Hermosillo and Miss Wagner has been transferred to the school in Mazatlan. The new missionaries for 1924 are: Rev. and Mrs. James B. Benson under life appointment, and the following term workers: Mr. and Mrs. Wendell W. Lorbeer and Miss Frances E. Tredwell. All of these missionaries are located at Guadalajara. Miss Tredwell was previously connected with the mission in Spain.

STATISTICS (1923). — Stations 4; outstations 12; population of field 2,000,000. The missionaries: ordained 5; unordained 1; wives 6; single women 6; total missionaries 18; associate workers 5. The native force: ordained preachers 10; unordained 7; men teachers 9; women teachers 21; other workers 1; total workers 48. The native church: Places of regular meeting 29; organized churches 16 with 733 communicants, 106 added during the year; total constituency 2,050; 26 Sunday Schools, with 1,141 members; 18 Christian Endeavor So­ cieties, with 431 members. The educational work: The Mission is co­ operating with the Union Theological Seminary in Mexico City; sec­ ondary schools 3, with 41 boys and 40 girls; primary schools 4, with 186 boys and 137 girls; kindergartens 1, with 19 pupils. Total schools 8, with 423 under instruction. Native contributions for Christian work $3,129; for education $12,540; for other purposes $1,914; total contributions $17,583. Medical work: The Mission maintains no hospitals. There is a small dispensary at Guadalajara where 4,925 treatments were given.

MEXICO

The work in Mexico during the year has followed the even tenor of its ways. The American Board Mission, consolidated into one com­ pact field, is laboring under the handicap of a considerable break in the railroad system — a break which separates the northern part of the field from the southern section. Reports are received, however, that the Mexican authorities are planning to close up that gap in the line. When this is done the long stretch of American Board field ex­ tending from Guadalajara on the south along the west coast up nearly to the California border will be traversed by a continuous railway line, bringing the different parts of the Mission closer together and most favorably aiding co-operative endeavors. The American Board is 204 Mission in Mexico also co-operating in the Union Theological Seminary and the Union Publishing House in Mexico City. One of its members, Dr. John Howland, is the President of the Union Theological Seminary, but apart from Dr. and Mrs. Howland no missionaries of the American Board reside outside of the distinctively American Board field. The Theological Seminary has had a prosperous year. Plans are in operation for securing a site upon which it is hoped in the not distant future to erect a new building, which will belong to the Seminary alone. Hitherto the Seminary has occupied buildings which did not belong to it. The entering class of the Seminary this year numbered 12, which is twice the size of any previous class, and is of excellent material. Most of its members had received full preparation. The Seminary is also carrying on a short course for lay workers. Only 4 entered this class, which is madeupof married men who have had limited education, but who are deeply interested in Christian work. Dr. Howland writes in speaking of the Seminary: “ I am more and more impressed with the advantages that the Seminary is able to give as compared with the training that was fur­ nished by the denominational schools before we combined. Part of this is due to the development of the native church in its ministry and its constituency and to the general advance in educational ideals and facilities. But the faculty is much larger and of more varied elements and the courses of study are much more inclusive and intensive. It is not strange that our graduates should be already sought for to take the most responsible positions. Three of the largest churches of the Methodists and two of those of the Presbyterians are now under the care of men trained in this Seminary.” In addition to the Seminary there is a project being put forward for a Christian university in the City of Mexico that shall include the best element in both Anglo Saxon and Latin American ideals and methods. This project is pushed largely by the Seminary itself and seems to be making real progress. Preliminary surveys are now being made of the educational conditions in Mexico in preparation for some general plan for the university. The Union Publishing House in Mexico City has had an active year, the main publication having been a new edition of a hymn book without music, 10,000 copies of which were issued. Nine different missionary boards are co-operating in this publication work. The school at Guadalajara has just closed a very successful year. Mission in Mexico 205

Professor Albert Rembao, a Mexican, who has been in the Colegio for the last three years, has acted as Principal for the last two years. He is leaving this summer for further study in the States. He has done an efficient piece of work in building up the attendance and has secured for the institution a large circle of friends. Mr. Wright has been appointed Principal to succeed him. Mr. Crawford writes from Mazatlan: “ On a recent trip over the field I found the condition of the work most encouraging. Two new Sunday Schools have been formed, with immediate prospects of a third, and we have opened a new preaching station. The people everywhere are eager to hear the Word.” The general impression is that the entire west coast of Mexico is in a position to be reached, if only we could master the forces and supply the means for accomplishing it. The missionaries wherever they go speak of interested and interesting audiences. The revolutions that swept over Mexico last year have not seemed to interfere in any way with the work, but possibly to increase the desire of the people to know the truth of religion which they feel they are not getting through the Catholic Church. The revolution of last year is the first one, in the modern history of Mexico, that completely failed, and strong hope is expressed on the part of the missionaries in Mexico that this may be the beginning of revolutions that fail rather than the continuation of the old method of revolutions that overthrow.

INSTITUTIONS IN MEXICO

El Fuerte: El Progreso School.f Founded 1919 by Miss Nellie O. Prescott and Miss Mary B. Dunning. Closed 1923, the W. B. M. I. concentrating on Hermosillo.

Guadalajara: Colegio Intemacional. Founded 1901 by the Mexico Mission, succeeding a school founded 1891 in El Paso. Grade: Secondary and Primary Schools. Departments: Superior; Prepara­ tory; Biblical; Commercial. Cost per student $166 a year. Build­ ings: Four main buildings including classrooms, teachers’ residence, chapel, gymnasium, and dining rooms. Staff: Alberto Rembao, Director, Rev. Robert V. Edwards, 6 teachers. Enrolment 80. Two of last year’s graduates have com­ pleted Freshman year at Pomona College, California, with credit. 206 Mission in Mexico

Mr. Rembao left at end of school year for study and Rev. A. C. Wright will act as Director 1924-25.

Guadalajara: Institute) Colon.* Continuation of the Colegio Chihuahuense founded 1886 at Chihuahua by the Mission. Depart­ ments: Kindergarten; Primary School; Secondary School; three-year Commercial Course; the first three years of what will be a six-year Normal Course. Cost per boarder, $175; per day pupil, $30. Build­ ings : One large two-story building passed over to the American Board by the Methodist Board in 1922. Staff: Misses Margarita Wright, Gladys Thompson (will beActing- Directora during Miss Wright’s furlough), Rebecca Burdorf, Julia Wagner, 19 Mexican teachers. Enrolment: kindergarten 19; pri­ mary grades 125; commercial course 14; High School 18; total 176.

Guadalajara: Stephens Diispensary at Ahualulco. Founded 1920 by the Mission. Buildings : Three rooms and a shed, forming part of Mission property with chapel and preacher’s residence. Miss Lidia Camacho, a trained nurse, in charge. Treatments 4,855.

Hermosillo: Instituto Corona, f Founded 1916 by Lora Frances Smith. Grade: Secondary School with musical and literary departments. Cost of student’s support, $150 a year. Buildings: One, erected 1923, used as schoolhouse and dormitory. Miss Claribel L. Bickford, Miss Mary D. Hillis, 5 Mexican teachers 1923-24. En­ rolment: Primary 82, Preparatory 8, Special 30; total 120. Another year was added to the preparatory school, also special classes in type­ writing and night classes in English. Miss Lora F. Smith returns this year to take charge.

Mazatlan : El Pacifico School. J Work opened in October, 1922, with Miss Elizabeth J. Richards in charge. She has been obliged to leave on account of ill health and Miss Julia Wagner will have charge of the school this school year.

Mexico City: Union Theological Seminary. Founded 1917 by the Missions. Departments: a 3-year course for ministers and a 3-months course for lay workers; Model Bible School founded 1921 by Mrs. H. H. Barber. Board and room, $150 a year.

* Institutions marked with an * supported by the Woman's Board of Missions; institutions marked with a t by the Woman’s Board of the Interior; the school marked } by the Woman's Board for the Pacific. Mission in Mexico 207

Staff: Rev. John Howland, Principal, 4 other American teachers, 6 Mexican teachers. Enrolment: Full course 23, short course 4, specials 10; total 37. A Seminary periodical was started during the year; English was made obligatory and Greek elective; a new room was built on the roof and two payments were made on the new site.

Mexico City: Union Bookstore. Founded 1919 by representa­ tives of several missions. It comprises a publishing house, press, bookstore. Rev. John Howland on Board of Directors.

Publications: In Guadalajara the Mexico Microbe, El Avance, El Atenes. In Mexico City the Annual Bulletin of the Student Asso­ ciation of the Seminary. The Union Bookstore issues El Fanal, El Mundo Cristiano, Lecciones Bíblicas and published during the past year a total of 16,733,100 pages, including periodicals for pay and books for individuals. Mission in Spain

Barcelona (1910). — Rev. Wayne H. Bowers: In charge of all the church and evangelistic work; Mission secretary. Mrs. Margaret C. Bowers: Work for women.

Bilbao (1914). —

Associated with the Mission. — (Madrid) Miss Alice H.Bushee; Miss Winifred E. Curtis: Educational work. The Girls’ School in Barcelona having been discontinued in 1924, Miss Bigelow, Miss Blodgett and Mrs. Ward withdrew from the mis­ sion and Miss Tredwell was transferred to Mexico. Miss Curtis, reinforced by Miss Alice H. Bushee has taken up the new educational work in Madrid.

STATISTICS (1923) — Stations 1; outstations 5; population of field 3,000,000. The missionaries: ordained 1; wives 1; total mis­ sionaries 2; associate workers 2. The native force: ordained preachers 4; unordained preachers 1; men teachers 3; women teachers 16; total workers 23. The native church: Places of regular meeting 6; organized churches 6, with 257 communicants and 6 added during the year; total constituency 2,500. Sunday Schools 5, with 450 members; Christian Endeavor Societies 7; with 100 members. The educational work: There is 1 student from the Mission in the Bible school in Madrid connected with the Irish Presbyterian Mission; Girls’ Middle School 1, with 65 pupils; primary schools 6, with 442 boys and 271 girls; total schools 7 and total under instruction 778. The native contributions for all purposes were $1,093.

SPAIN

There has been political unrest in Spain during the year covered by this report. The Military Directorate which governs Spain today is clerical in sympathies. The so-called Constitutional Guarantees of free speech, public meetings, etc. have been arbitrarily suspended for over a year and the press is subjected to a rigid censorship. But mis­ sionary work has not been interfered with except in a few instances, and those in remote country districts. Mission schools have been well 208 Mission in Spain 209 filled and in many places it was necessary to decline to receive children for lack of adequate space. Pastors have been active in their evangel­ istic work outside of their own regular parish duties. Some 30 differ­ ent towns and villages where there is no regular work have been visited on these evangelistic campaigns. The additions to the church have been few in number; in fact, it has never been customary to measure the progress of the evangelistic movement in Spain by the number of those who separate themselves from the Catholic church and join a Protestant body. The leavening of the lump of Spain’s ecclesiasticism and the developing of new ideas of religion in the minds of those who have been tied to the formalities of the old church, are the principal methods of work and are those upon which large dependence is placed for future results. During the Lenten season extra services were held with special popu­ lar lectures, often under the auspices of the local Christian Endeavor Society. The purpose of these meetings was to arouse interest and secure new hearers from among the young people. In Pradejon there has been a marked increase during the year. The number of scholars rose from 40 to 100. The Christian Endeavor Society in Santander has more than doubled in membership during the year. Our own work has been handicapped by the lack of adequate buildings at three important points, namely, Zaragoza, Logrono and San Sebastian. In the two latter places the need is most emphatic. There are also promising openings which could be followed up with a slight increase of from $500 to $1,000 additional appropriation for the general work. One of these places is the city of Reus, an important industrial town about sixty miles west of Barcelona on the main railway line to Madrid. It is a city noted for its liberality. About forty years ago a building was erected in Reus for a Protestant Mission. It is a three- story building with spacious chapel and two large school rooms on the ground floor and four small apartments above. The money for this plant was raised by a Spanish pastor who had friends in Switzerland. It is the first instance that we know of where a Spanish pastor has raised money to build a church without any formal society back of him. The work here has passed through many changes. The lack of a strong society to direct it has been a heavy handicap. The support largely came from Switzerland, raised by personal solicitation. About fifteen years ago a split came in the church. The pastor referred to above died some time ago and it now has a pastor who is about fifty 210 Mission in Spain years of age, hard working, but without much initiative. There are only a handful of communicant members, but it is expected that with vigorous effort the number will be greatly increased. It is an inter­ esting fact that the group of trustees holding the property, which is reported to be worth about $25,000, is anxious to deed the property over to the American Board Mission, if the Mission will accept it. Mr. Bowers, the only American Board missionary in Spain, is confident that if he could have an increase in the appropriation for general work of $700, the work could be taken over and a new center well supplied with buildings would be established for our work in Spain. He believes that increased receipts from the school would ensue. The town has a population of about 30,000. It is prosperous and up to date. The pastor and the trustees are eager to have the American Board take hold of this proposition. Mr. Bowers in closing his report on Spain says: “There is growing evidence that the evangelical interpretation of Christianity is becoming much more widely understood and appreciated in Spain from year to year. Even though this knowledge may not lead to open membership in our churches, it does lead to a better under­ standing of Jesus Christ and a purer daily life. A new Catholic edition of the New Testament at a popular price has just been issued, evidently from a desire to counteract the large sales that are constantly being made of the so-called Protestant Bible. All this is clearly to the good and shows the steady influence of the extremely modest evangelical work being done in Spain.”

SCHOOLS

The Woman’s Board School started by Mrs. Alice Gordon Gulick at Santander and later located in other centers, for a time occupying rented quarters in Madrid, was in 1910 established in a suburb of Barcelona, and as the Colegio Internacional accomplished much of very great value in the line of Christian education for the girls of Spain and the training of Protestant girls for Christian service. But the withdrawal on account of health of the devoted heads of the school, Misses Webb and Morrison, left a vacancy that has not since been adequately filled. A permanent teaching staff has been impossible to secure, and the temporary workers who have gone out from year to year have been at a manifest disadvantage. It was felt Mission in Spain 211 that the character of the school had within the last few years become more secular than was consistent with the aims of the Woman’s Board, and Miss Gertrude Bigelow of Natick, kindly acting as Directora the past year, and Miss Alice Bushee, spending a sabbatical year in Spain, have worked out a plan whereby the school may reach the missionary aims with which it was founded. The school in Barcelona was closed and a hostel, still called the Colegio Internacional, was opened in Madrid September 22, 1924, with fourteen Protestant girls who are studying in three Institutos near by. Miss Bushee who was formerly connected with the school and is now head of the Spanish Department at Wellesley College has offered to remain this school year as Directora. The hostel affords girls the advantage of a home where Christian influence will be strong and definite Christian instruction may be given without hampering re­ striction. It is hoped that it will exert a strong influence for the furtherance of Protestant Christianity in Spain. The day schools of the Mission have an enrolment of 778 pupils. Mission to Czechoslovakia

Prague (1873). — Rev. John S. Porter: In charge of all the Mission work; supervision of churches. Mr. Porter is the only missionary representative of the Board in the mission since the death of Mrs. Porter on August 29, 1924.

STATISTICS (1922).— Stations 1; outstations 110; population of the field 14,000,000. The missionaries: ordained 1; total mission­ aries 1. The native force: ordained preachers 20; unordained 10; Bible women 3; total workers 33. The native church: Places of regu­ lar meeting 140; organized churches 30, of which 7 are self-supporting; communicants 3,250; added during the year 389; total constituency 12,000. Sunday Schools 62, with 1,789 pupils. The Mission carries on no educational work, but there are 6 students now in training in the Theological School. Native contributions for Christian work $15,000.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY FOR THE ISLANDS AND THE PAPAL LANDS

Stations 10; outstations 209; population of the field 19,685,000; The missionaries: ordained men 11; unordained men 3; wives 13. single women 12; total missionaries 39; associate workers 8. The native force: ordained preachers 48; unordained 65, teachers 99; other workers 42; total workers 217. The native church: Places of regular meeting 305; organized churches 78; communicants 9,555, added during the year 925; total constituency 35,350, Sunday Schools 227, with a membership of 8,201. Christian Endeavor Societies 112, with 4,575 members. The educational work: Training and theological schools 1, students 17; secondary schools 5, with 222 pupils; primary schools 43, with 1,997 pupils; kindergartens 1, with 19 pupils; total schools 51, and total under instruction 2,535. The native contributions for Christian work $23,500, for education $12,540; for other purposes $2,149; total contributions $39,282. The medical work: Hospitals 2; in-patients 984; dispensaries 3; dispensary patients 15,919; total treatments 26,719. 212 Mission in Czechoslovakia 213

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

Our Mission in Czechoslovakia is the smallest Mission of the Ameri­ can Board in so far as its Mission force is concerned, while the per­ centage and the volume of work carried on within the bounds of the Mission, compared with the number of missionaries engaged, exceeds that of any Mission of the Board. The only missionaries engaged have been Mr. and Mrs. Porter. Mrs. Porter had been a complete invalid and a great sufferer for more than two years before, on August 29, 1924, she entered into her rest. There are only two distinct forms of work carried on by the Mission, namely, the distribution of Bibles and Testaments and the work of evangelism through a large number of able and efficient Czechoslovak pastors, preachers and evangelists. The churches have been consider­ ing during the year the fixing of a time in the not remote future when they can become wholly independent of any aid from the American Board. While they have not been able to fix this date they are hope­ ful that it may be within the next ten years. Three churches have assumed self-support since the first of January, 1924; this in spite of the economic condition of the country. The sale of Bibles has greatly increased since the war and since restrictions were removed and the people have been free to purchase and to read the Word of God in the open. Mr. Porter reports that on an average the colporteurs are selling eight copies of the Bible each day. An investigation has been made in the Mission during the year, of the place of woman in the native church. Although the Czechoslovak Republic is only six years old, all women not only have a right to vote, but are compelled to vote, as are also the men. There are women in Parliament, women lawyers and doctors. The place of woman is continually becoming higher and more advanced socially, politically and educationally. The women are also taking a larger and more influential place in the mission churches since the organization of the republic. In the earlier days the women had a very small place in the work of the church. Only a few were allowed even to teach in the Sunday School. Now, however, women are sent as delegates to the annual church conferences. They even lead some of the religious services, and something like one-half or nearly one-half of the Sunday School teachers throughout the Mission are women. Not long since all women in the church sat on one side of the building and the men on the other; now, more and more, families are sitting together. Women 214 Mission in Czechoslovakia under the freedom of the republic are entering different forms of social service. They are doing more literary work. The mission church has es­ tablished an order of deaconesses and is training them to be pastors’ helpers, to go into the hospitals and take the places of sisters of mercy. The Y. W. C. A. has taken a large and leading place in the country. The great need of the Mission, as has been reported before, is for adequate halls for religious services for new and growing congregations. There has been a marked increase in these groups since the war. One of the churches reports that with a church membership of 70 and an average Sunday audience of from 160 to 180, they have no building whatever and are holding their services in the school building, and they have never yet had a resident pastor. Mr. Porter reports eight places, some of which have several thousand dollars in hand for new buildings, but which need a little help in order to complete their plan and erect the building, as, for instance, Brno, which has $6,000 in sight. They are holding their meetings in two school buildings in Ziskov, a growing part of the city of Prague, which needs help to com­ plete its plant. In Hradec Kralove in Eastern Bohemia, with no church building, they are holding their services wherever they can, in the morning in one place, in the afternoon somewhere else; there is no place for an evening service. They have bought a hall for $7,000 but need $1,500 to help them complete the payment. In Kutna Hora there is no building whatever. There is an average congregation of from 150 to 190. Meetings are held in a school build­ ing, but this cannot continue. They have bought a lot and are plan­ ning a simple gospel hall to accommodate three or four hundred people. This will cost them altogether $7,000. They need aid to the extent of $750. In Jilemnice in Eastern Bohemia, services have been conducted by a Christian woman; a preacher makes frequent visits. The work has greatly increased, and male members have been added. They need help to buy the simplest kind of a hall in which they may hold services. The people will get together $1,000. They should have help, at least $750. In Klatovy in Southern Bohemia, they now worship in rented quarters. The landlord is not sympathetic and is endeavoring to get them out. They have $4,000 in sight and need from $750 to $1,000 outside help. Nove Benatky has a flourishing work without a resident preacher. A very earnest Christian man is preaching without charge. There is Mission in Czechoslovakia 215 no hall and the services are now held in the school building. An un­ used factory building is available for $3,500 and can be fitted up at a small cost. They have $2,000 in sight. This place should be aided at least $750. In Beroun, a city about twenty miles from Prague, there is a flourishing work. They have been holding services for many years in a building owned by the pastor of the church. The church should have its own building and hall. It will cost about, $3,000. At least $1,000 aid should be given. | This list is not exhaustive, but it gives an impression of the problems that are faced by this strong, flourishing, growing church in Czechoslo­ vakia. TREASURER’S REPORT

When the books dosed on August 31, 1923, the debt of the Board was $180,- 103.41, and during this year there was received a number of gifts for the sole purpose of decreasing the deficit. It also happened that a large conditional gift matured by the death of the beneficiary during the year just passed, which gift was applied by vote of the Prudential Committee to the reduction of the above mentioned deficit. It is, however, necessary to call attention to the fact that the year just ended taken by itself, closed with a deficit of $20,308.87, making the present accumulated debt $149,660.52. This in itself is somewhat discouraging as both the gifts from churches and individuals were smaller this year than the preceding year, and if the Board had not received an unusual amount from matured conditional gifts outside of the above mentioned large conditional gift, which was applied to the reduction of the deficit, the accumulated deficit would have been very much larger. The contributions from churches and individuals are the chief factors in the sup­ port of the Board’s work. Can it be that churches and individuals are less interested in the world’s great need and are unaware of our great opportunities? This seems to be unbelievable. Shall we not, therefore, resolve that during this comfng year we will make a greater effort to meet the urgent calls from all parts of the field. Below ¡6 the ujsual comparative analysis of receipts for the years which ended August 31, 1923 and August 31, 1924. 1923 1924 Gifts from Churches $590,389.42 $582,358.51 Gifts from Individuals 184,036.09 136,874.87 Matured Conditional Gifts 27,225.00 82,507.51 Income from General Permanent Fund 33,623.75 31,579.79 Income from D. Willis James Foundation and Higher Educational Work Endowment 68,566.66 54,486.66 Income from Miscellaneous Funds 45,467.09 46,785.89 Woman’s Boards 514,648.65 545,229.96 Sunday Schools and Christian Endeavor Societies 18,511.27 19,730.21 Receipts for Special Objects 183,524.49 264,536.30 Legacies 198,861.62 195,459.42 General Income 45,219.57 47,051.53

$1,910,073.60 $2,006,600.65

In addition to the above, there were received the following gifts which were credited directly to the deficit; namely, Matured Conditional Gift above referred to of $49,754.69 Individual gifts specially designated for the deficit 997.07

$50,751.7 6 216 Report of the Treasurer 217.'

It will be seen from the above figures that the wisdom of establishing the Twentieth Century fund has again been justified, as the receipts from legacies though smaller than the previous year were to some degree equalized by the thirding process of that fund.

CONDITIONAL GIFTS

Many persons are inquiring regarding the terms and conditions of the Conditional Gift Plan, and an increasing number are taking advantage of this method of giving. A Conditional Gift of $100,000 was received during the year, and while the name of the donor cannot be given, it would show lack of appreciation not to mention the gift here. Would that many more persons could avail themselves of this method of giving, because it has many advantages some of which are the following: First: It assures the donor of as high an income for life as is possible with safety. Second: It assures the safety of the principal, and Third: It assures the donor that his or her gift will eventually go to spread the Gospel in Foreign lands. As usual, there are several new permanent funds received during the year. The complete list of permanent funds is set forth in “Schedule 2” at the end of this report.

CO-OPERATING SOCIETIES

A large place is due each year in this report to our Co-operating Societies. These are, as is well known, the Woman’s Board of Missions, with headquarters in Boston; the Woman’s Board of Missions of the Interior, with headquarters in Chicago; the Woman's Board of Missions of the Pacific, with headquarters in San Francisco, and the Canadian Congregational Foreign Missionary Society, with headquarters in Toronto. The strong, efficient and hearty co-operation of these societies cannot be too highly praised and as has been said in former years, a very valuable part of the foreign work administered by the American Board is supported by funds raised by these societies.

FINANCE COMMITTEE

The Finance Committee has given a large amount of time and thought in the consideration of the investments of the Board, one of the results being the consolida-- tion of small holdings into larger holdings.

EXPENDITURES

The Board has practiced strict economy as in past years, and the expenses on the field have been $1,836,085.69. This is an increase on field expenses of about $75,000 over last year, practically all of which is the result of the expenditure of special gifts. designated by the donors for particular objects wholly outside the Board budget. . The administration and promotional expense of the Board was less than last year; although the total figure for administration shows a slight increase due to heavier expenses this year in our share of the Commission on Missions budget. 218 Report of the Treasurer

SUMMARY OF RESULTS

The statements on the following pages show that the missions cost: $1,836,085.69 Administration and promotional expenses 201,554.40 Co-operating Societies owed Sept. 1, 1923 43,353.03

$2,080,993.12 Receipts were $2,006.600.65 Co-operating Societies owed Aug. 31, 1924 54,083.60 2,060,684.25

Showing a deficit for the fiscal year ended August 31, 1924 $20,308.87

It seemed wise this year to set forth the deficit account in detail as follows:

DEFICIT ACCOUNT

Deficit Sept. 1, 1923 $180,103.41 Less credits to Deficit Account: Gifts to liquidate deficit for year ended Aug. 31, 1923 $63.47 Matured Cond’l Gifts applied to deficit as per P.C. Vote 49,754.69 Other sundry gifts to liquidate old deficit 933.60 50,751.76

129,351.65 Deficit on current year 20,308.87

Deficit, Sept. 1, 1924 $149,660.52

The success of the Board’s work on the field depends very much on having the proper plant and equipment for the work $nd homes for missionaries. W hile the Board now has a very large investment in various parts of the world amounting to approximately $7,500,000 in value, which is not included in the financial report, there are many of the missionary institutions which do not adequately protect the life and the health of those using them, and some of the missionaries are living under conditions that call for a greater degree of hardships, and inconvenience, than should be expected of those who give their life up to this work. In last year’s report we were able to say that our living donors, namely churches, Sunday Schools, and Christian Endeavor Societies, had felt their responsibility and had given more largely than they had the previous year in support of the work of the American Board. Unfortunately, this year we cannot makethat statement,as churches and individuals gave $53,973.19 less than the previous year. Sunday schools and Christian Endeavor Societies, however, have consistently, during the last few years, increased their giving, and this year have given $1,218.94 more than last year. We Report of the Treasurer 219 hope that this dropping off in giving by the churches and individuals is only tempor­ ary and that it will be more than made up during the coming year. Appended hereto is a financial statement, together with a certificate of the F. W. Lafrentz Company and a certificate of the Auditors of the American Board.

Respectfully submitted.

FREDERICK A. GASKINS, Treasurer. 220 Report of the Treasurer

AUDITOR’S CERTIFICATE

The books and accounts of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, Frederick A. Gaskins, Treasurer, have been carefully examined for year ended August 30, 1924, under our direction by F. W. Lafrentz & Co., formerly the American Audit Company, of this city and their report of same is now submitted and included in our certificate as follows: F. W. LAFRENTZ & CO. Formerly the American Audit Co.

Boston, September 24, 1924.

Herbert J. Wells, Esq. Chairman, Board of Auditors, American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, Boston, Massachusetts.

Dear Sir: We beg to advise that we have audited the books and approved the vouchers of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions for the fiscal year ended August 30, 1924 and hereby certify to the accuracy of the accounts for the year as stated in summarized form in the general ledger closing with a deficit of $149,660.52 to the debit of the Board. In the course of our examination we have checked the entire cash receipts and dis­ bursements for the year, and have verified the balance in safe and on deposit at the end of the period under review. Respectfully submitted, F. W. LAFRENTZ & CO.

We have examined the certificates of stocks, bonds and all other securities of the Board as recorded in pages one to thirty-seven inclusive, of the Securities Record Book (D of the Treasurer, and have found same to correspond perfectly with that record, which record has been checked and proven by the expert accountants above re­ ferred to with the balances as they appear in the ledger accounts of these securities, the aggregate amount of same being six millions, two hundred sixty thousand, three hundred fifty-seven and 31/100 ($6,260,357.31) The bonds of the Treasurer, Assistant Treasurer, Cashier and two clerks in the Treasury Department were submitted to the Auditors and found to be in order, after which they were returned to the Chairman of the Finance Committee, Custodian of same. (Signed)

HERBERT J. WELLS ) WILLIAM W. MILLS J- Auditors HENRY P. KENDALL )

October 5, 1924. Report of the Treasurer 221

PECUNIARY ACCOUNTS

EXPENDITURES OF THE BOARD DURING THE YEAR ENDED A U G U ST 31, 1924

COST OF THE MISSIONS

West Central Africa Mission

Field expenses ...... $48,670.80 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 9,851.02 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to Africa 1,999.91 Traveling expenses from Africa ...... 8,155.20 Grant for missionaries’ children in this country...... 660.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 812.48 $70,149.41

Rhodesia Branch, South Africa Mission

Field expenses ...... $30,755.53 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 6,599.74 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to Africa 2,744.56 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country 1,480.83 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 522.31 $42,102.97

Zulu Branch, South Africa Mission Field expenses...... $58,174.74 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 6,098.90 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to Africa 4,647.39 Traveling expenses from Africa ...... 229.48 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country ...... 612.50 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 856.00 $70,619.01

Balkan Mission Field expenses ...... $48,882.14 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 1,550.98 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses to Bulgaria ...... 1,045.68 Traveling expenses from Bulgaria ...... 1,105.45 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country ...... 1,191.67 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 435.26 $54,211.18

Western Turkey Mission Field expenses ...... $183,864.39 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 21,971.62 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to Turkey ...... 12,799.28 Traveling expenses from Turkey...... 4,565.53 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country 2,765.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 1,886.11 $227,851.93

Amount carried forward $464,934.50 222 Report of the Treasurer

Amount brought forward $464,934.50

Central Turkey Mission

Field expenses ...... $70,255.85 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 7,914.62 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to Turkey ...... 4,103.19 Traveling expenses from Turkey ...... 643.88 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 710.92 $83.628.46

Marathi Mission

Field expenses ...... $117,144.25 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 16,155.93 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missonaries to India 8,669.29 Traveling expenses from India ...... 1,677.19 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country ...... 600.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 1,030.10 $145,276.76

Madura Mission

Field expenses ...... $161,020.18 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 10,617.78 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to India 14,142.23 Traveling expenses from India ...... 731.24 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country ...... 37.50 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 1,262.24 $187,811.17

Ceylon Mission

Field expenses ...... $35,226.99 Expenses of' missionaries and their families in this country 2,488.03 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to Ceylon 1,283.50 Traveling expenses from Ceylon ...... 86.38 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country ...... 775.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 391.73 $40,251.63

South China Mission

Field expenses ...... $4,727.19 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 2,629.82 Traveling expenses from South C hina ...... 194.71 $7,551.72

Amount carried forward $929,454.24 Report of the Treasurer 223

Amount brought forward $929,454.24

Foochow Mission Field expenses ...... $93,786.90 Exchange ...... 1,386.34 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 8,416.27 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to China 4,677.26 Traveling expenses from China ...... 4,460.93 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country ...... 500.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 1,030.10 $114,257.80 North China Mission Field expenses ...... $297,557.72 Exchange ...... 4,670.90 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 20,109.08 Outfits, refitsand traveling expenses of missionaries to China 17,963.89 Traveling expenses from C h in a ...... 15,903.48 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country ...... 3,044.38 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 2,916.22 $362,165.67 Shaowu Mission Field expenses ...... $29,157.06 Exchange ...... 468.38 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 6,048.31 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to China 3,701.48 Traveling expenses from China ...... 493.15 Grant for missionaries’ children in this country ...... 600.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 435.26 $40,903.64 Japan Mission Field expenses ...... $176,142.24 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 19,440.19 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to Japan 13,658.83 Traveling expenses from Japan ...... 3,394.88 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country ...... 1,800.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 1,450.85 $215,886.99 Mexico Mission Field expenses ...... $47,374.08 Expenses of missionaries in this country ...... 2,340.00 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to Mexico 3,212.57 Traveling expenses from Mexico ...... 392.35 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 333.70 $53,652.70 Micronesia Mission Field expenses ...... $6,455.06 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 577.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 58.03 $7,090.09

Amount carried forward $1,723,411.13 : 224 Report of the Treasurer

Amount brought forward $1,723,411.13

Spain Mission

Field expenses ...... $20,854.88 Expenses of missionaries in this co u n try ...... 1,350.00 Traveling expenses of missionaries from Spain ...... 424.48 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 43.53 $22,672.89

Czechoslovakia Mission

Field expenses ...... $20,519.64 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 999.96 Traveling expenses of missionaries from Czechoslovakia. 150.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 43.53 $21,713.13

Philippine Mission

Field expenses ...... $63,164.49 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 2,502.72 Outfits, refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to Philippine Islands...... 1,865.91 Traveling expenses, missionaries from Philippine Islands 465.25 Procuring and forwarding supplies...... 290.17 $68,288.54

Total cost of missions...... $1,836,085.69

COST OF COMMUNICATING INFORMATION

1. Agencies

Salaries of District Secretaries and their assistants $19,780.86 Traveling expenses of Secretaries (including District Secre- s taries) ...... 5,714.26 Traveling expenses of returned missionaries and others in this department...... 1,443.98 Circulars, tracts, maps, clerk hire, postage, and stationery 6,544.61 Lantern Slides ...... 1,561.36 Advertising...... 729.00 , Expenses District Offices...... 4,702.52 Expenses News Bulletins ...... 5,567.59 $46,044.18

2. Commission on Missions

i Share in expense budget of Commission on Missions $39,295.15

Amount carried forward $1,921,425. 02 Report of the Treasurer 225

Amount brought forward $1,921,425.02

4. Publications

American Board share of cost of Missionary Herald, in­ cluding salaries of editor and general agent and copies sent gratuitously, according to the rule of the Board, to pastors and honorary members $14,648.31 Deduct amount of Income from Missionary Herald Fund ...... 148.31 $14,500.00 Annual Report, 1923 ...... 2,043.15 Year Book of Missions, $1,420.97, less $689.56 received from sales...... 731.41 Pamphlets, tracts, Envelope Series, clerk hire, and mis­ cellaneous printing, $3,070.09, less subscriptions, sales, and stock on hand, $1,581.23 ...... $1,488.86 Editorial Dept., expenses...... 4,336.42 $23,099.84

COST OF ADMINISTRATION

1. Foreign Department Salaries of Secretaries (less amount received from Fund for Officers) ...... $13,334.75 Clerk hire, stationery, and postage ...... 7,286.08 $20,620.83

2. Home Department Salaries of Secretaries (less amount received from Fund for Officers)...... $11,214.74 Young People’s Department...... 1,161.66 Clerk hire, stationery and postage ...... 4,457.49 $16,833.89

3. Candidate Department Salary of Secretary, clerk hire, travel, stationery ...... $4,709.90 Candidates Conference expenses...... 223.22 $4,933.12

4. Treasurer's Department Salaries of Treasurer and Assistant Treasurer (less amount received from Fund for Officers), clerk hire, stationery, and postage ...... $24,905.28

5. Miscellaneous CJiarges Rent and care of Missionary Rooms, in p art ...... $10,861.40 Electric lights...... 262.36 Furniture and repairs...... 543.03 Part salary of Business Agent and salaries of clerks serving in all departments...... 4,739.84

Amount carried forward $16,406.63 $2,011,817.98 226 Report of the Treasurer

Amounts brought forward $16,406.63 $2,011,817.98

Expenses of Annual Meeting, 1923 ...... 1,354.55 Stationery, printing and binding ...... 54.42 Certificates of honorary membership and commissions for new missionaries ...... 184.95 Legal expenses...... 1.52 Books and periodicals for library...... 254.11 Insurance ...... 434.86 Rent of Boxes in safe deposit vaults ...... 275.00 Bill of examiner of accounts ...... 450.00 Incidentals ...... 554.69 Telephone service ...... 887.49 Foreign Missions and International Missionary Confer­ ences, and Missionary Education M o v e m e n t 3,830.00 Cablegrams and telegrams...... 48.04 Alterations in office...... 1,065.00 Postage...... 20.85 ------$25,822.11

Total expenditures ...... $2,037,640.09 Net amount due from Co-operating Societies, Aug. 31,1923 46,093.91

$2,083,734.00

RECEIPTS

Total as per detail on page 1 ...... $2,006,600.65 Net amount due Co-operating Societies, Aug. 31, 1924...... 56,824.48 American Board deficit for year ending Aug. 31, 1924...... 20,308.87

$2,083,734.00

DEFICIT ACCOUNT

Deficit September 1, 1923 ...... $180,103.41 G ift to liquidate debt for year Sept. 1, 1922 to Aug. 31, 1923 $63.47 Matured Conditional G ift...... 49,754.69 Sundry gifts from Churches and individuals ...... 933.60 $50,751.76

$129,351.65 Deficit for year September 1, 1923 to August 31, 1924 20,308.87

$149,660.52 Report of the Treasurer 227

ASSETS

Cash: In Banks $205,437.15 Petty Cash F und 3,145.00 $208,582.15

Accounts Receivable: Charge Sales Account 435.86 Outfits and Refits Account 2,678.07 Personal and Miscellaneous Accounts Debit Balances 87,354.37 Cooperating Societies 56,100.43 Branch Offices: New York $697.16 Chicago 1,378.37 San Francisco 418.67 ------$2,494.20

Mission Accounts, Debit Balances $195,525.33 Transfer Account (Accounts unallocated) 178.90 $344,767.16

Inventory: Merchandise, Supplies, etc. 7,690.21

Investments: (Schedule No. 1) Stocks, Bonds, Mortgages, etc. Separate Investments $2,423,727.73 General Investments 1,045,183.87 General Permanent Fund 595,628.28 Permanent Fund for Officers 44,280.00 Conditional Gifts Fund 1,225,077.47

5,333,897.35 Temporary Investments 926,459.96 6,260,357.31

Income Accounts. (Schedule No. 2) Funds invested separately, Debit Balances 6,549.53

Balance, Deficit, August 31, 1924 149,660.52

$6,977,606.88 228 Report of the Treasurer

LIABILITIES

Drafts Payable: Mission Bills of Exchange $434,500.00 Mission Drafts 34,877.17 $469,377.17

Accounts Payable: Personal and Miscellaneous Accounts 238,021.19 Mission Accounts, credit balances 350,626.65 Cooperating Societies 2,016.83 Woman’s Board of Missions (advances) 177,000.00

Sundry and Special Deposits: Turkey Reconstruction 598.51 Temporary Deposits (unallocated) 2,732.31 3,330.82 ------$770,995.49

Funds: (Schedule No. 2) Invested separately 2,426,649.68 General Investments 1,103,113.05 Conditional Gifts 1,236,345.61 General Permanent 596,392.45 Permanent Fund for Officers 45,076.50 ------$5,407,577.29

Income — Unexpended Balances: (Schedule No.2) Funds invested separately 19,000.24 General I nvestment Fund 20,531.80 Conditional Gifts 4,961.62 $44,493.66

Reserves: Investments 188,934.47 Rehabilitation Reserve 61,779.95 Turkey Contingencies 18,480.08 West Central Africa (trading goods, etc.) 15,968.77 $285,163.27

$6,977,606.88 Report of the Treasurer 229

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS STOCKS

(Sch edu le N o . 1)

NATIONAL BANKS

Market Values Aug. 30, 1924 Book Values 99 shares Bay State National Bank, Lawrence, Mass. $18,315.00 6,000.00 50 “ Chicago National Bank, Chicago 60.00 300.00 300 “ *Fourth National Bank, Wichita, Kans. 12,000.00 30.000.00 100 “ "Illinois Merchants Trust Co., Chicago 39.800.00 10.000.00 18 “ *Lee National Bank 2,880.00 1,800.00 34 “ Merchants National Bank, Boston 10.200.00 6.450.00 41i << *National Newark & Essex Banking Co. 11,550.00 3,187.50 43 “ National Shawmut Bank, Boston 8.385.00 5,695.38 12 “ Second National Bank, Boston 4.020.00 2.280.00 30 “ Webster and Atlas National Bank, Boston 5.850.00 3,480.00

$113;060.00 $69,192.88

RAILROADS AND STREET RAILWAYS

108 shares Atch., T. & S. Fe R. R., Preferred 9,990.00 $10,521.08 144 “ Boston & Albany R. R. "Co. 22,176.00 34,147.50 313 “ Boston Elevated R. R. Co., Common 23,788.00 35,876.50 40 “ Boston Elevated R. R. Co., Preferred 3,720.00 3,960.00 50 “ Boston Elevated R. R. Co., Second Preferred 4,900.00 6,440.00 38 “ *Boston & Maine R. R., Common 560.50 1,429.00 26 “ *Boston & Maine R. R., lst Preferred, Class A. 546.00 1,206.00 13 “ *Boston & Maine R. R., lst Preferred, Class C 273.00 850.00 6 “ *Boston & Maine R. R., lst Preferred, Class D 217.50 1,308.00 8 “ *Cayuga & Susquehanna R. R. 320.00 800.00 100 “ Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul R. R., Preferred 2,625.00 12,840.50 73 “ "‘Chicago & Northwestern Ry., Common 4,599.00 8,634.47 81 “ Connecticut & Pass. River R. R., Preferred 5,872.50 4,744.57 3 “ *Dexter & Newport R. R. 120.00 150.00 166 “ Illinois Central R. R. Co., Common 18,426.00 18,917.14 17 “ Illinois Central R. R. Co., Preferred 1,861.50 1,806.50 710 “ Maine Central R. R., Common 19,170.00 70,261.43 168 “ "“Manhattan Ry. Co. 7,728.00 22,302.50 50 “ *New York Central R. R. 5,450.00 4,257.71 241 N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R. Co. 5,904.50 29,883.65 729 “ Pennsylvania R. R. Co., par $50 32,805.00 41,573.38 9 " "Teterboro R. R. Co. 315.00 405.00

Amounts carried forward $171,367.50 $312,314.93 230 Report of the Treasurer

IN VESTM EN T OF TRUST FU ND S — STOCKS — Continued

Market Values Aug. 30, 1924 Book Values Amounts brought forward $171,367.50 $312,314.93 13£ shares*Rochester & Syracuse Co., Inc., Common 3.38 15.00 22\ “ "“Rochester & Syracuse Co., Inc., Preferred 292.50 587.50 1 “ St. Louis-San Francisco Ry., Co., Preferred ) ion nn 77 5 “ St. Louis-San Francisco Ry. Co., Com. Stock ) 25 “ "“Southern Pacific Ry. Co.. 2,384.38 2,125.00 10 “ "“Union Pacific R. R. 1,455.00 1,330.00

$175,692.76 $317,149.09

INDUSTRIALS AND MISCELLANEOUS

15 shares*Adams Express Co. $1,286.25 $ 1,095.00 20 “ "“Agricultural Insurance Co. 3,800.00 3,000.00 200 “ Allied Chemical & Dye Corp’n 14,750.00 16,782.09 3 “ "“American Candy Co., Pfd. 186.00 225.00 50 “ "“American Chicle Co., Common 1,000.00 7,090.00 17 “ "“American Exchange Securities Corp., Class A 1,955.00 1,870.60 102 “ "“American Sugar Refining Co., Preferred 9,256.50 11,876.50 749 “ American Tel. & Tel. Co. 95,591.13 85,943.60 4 “ "“American Woolen Co., Common 304.00 379.18 5 “ "“Armour & Co., Preferred 445.00 447.50 1 “ "“Ashtabula Water Supply Co., Preferred 75.00 85.00 12 “ "“Barney & Smith Car Co., Preferred 00.00 360.00 50 “ "“Bryant Chucking Grinder Co. 3,750.00 5,000.00 1 “ "“Central Steel Co., Preferred 90.00 90.00 2 “ "“Consumers Co., Preferred 100.00 145.00 14 “ "“Cosden & Co., Common 367.50 473.26 6 “ "“Creamery Package Mfg. Co., Preferred 588.00 570.00 187 “ Davis & Lawrence Co. 15,895.00 14.025.00 25 “ "“Deere & Co., Preferred 1,825.00 1,987.50 1 “ "“Defiance Machine Works, Preferred 00.00 20.00 4f “ "“Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Coal Co. 494.00 334.00 183 “ "“Detroit Chemical Works, Preferred 823.50 915.00 18 “ Devonshire Building Trust, Common 846.00 1,898.21 329 " *Farr Alpaca Co. 60,865.00 7,702.34 750 “ "“Fellows Medical Mfg. Co., Inc. 37,500.00 60,000.00 1 “ "“Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., Preferred 85.00 90.00 8 “ *Franklin Co. 1,440.00 1,520.00 1 " *Garford Motor Truck Co., Preferred ...... 00.00 15.00

Amounts carried forward $253,317.88 $223,939.78 Report of the Treasurer 231

IN VESTM EN T OF TRUST FUNDS — STOCKS — Continued

M arket Values Aug 30, 1924 Book Values Amounts brought forward $253,317.88 $223,939.78

125 shares*Gilbert & Bennett Mfg. Co. 12,500.00 3,750.00 5 “ *Hardy & Co. 7.00 50.00 38 “ "“Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection & Ins. Co. 16,150.00 10,090.00 460 “ *Horr-Warner Co. 00.00 4,358.40 90 " "“Hutchins Securities Co., Preferred 9,000.00 9,000.00 2 “ "“Hydraulic Steel Co. 1.00 100.00 10 “ *Jefferson & Warren Tel. Co. 125.00 100.00 100 “ "“Keith, Geo. E., Co., 1st Preferred 9,200.00 8,500.00 31 “ "“Kentucky Block Cannel Coal Co. 93.00 1,860.00 90 “ *Lithowhite Silex Co. 90.00 1,125.00 10 “ "“Madison Woolen Co. 1,500.00 900.00 100 “ Massachusetts Cotton Mills 12,850.00 11,350.00 16 “ "“Massachusetts Gas Co., Preferred 1,040.00 1,040.00 20 “ "“McCord Mfg. Co. 60.00 100.00 1 “ *Metropolitan Paving Brick Co. Preferred 90.00 90.00 1 " "“Miami Cycle Mfg. Co., Preferred 00.00 25.00 39 “ "“Michigan Fire & Marine Ins. Co. 3,120.00 3,120.00 79 “ "“Moline Plow Co., 1st Preferred 1,185.00 1,811.00 10 “ "“Nassau & Suffolk Lighting Co. 750.00 900.00 16 “ "“National Drug Co., 2nd Preferred 1,200.00 1,120.00 1 “ "“National Roll & Foundry Co., Preferred 65.00 70.00 272 “ "“New York Dock Co., Preferred 12,512.00 18,919.75 40 “ "“Northeastern Realty Co., Preferred 1,600.00 3,900.00 15 “ "“Northwestern Telegraph Co., par $50 525.00 825.00 100 “ "“Pan-American Petroleum & Transport Co., Com. 5,275.00 8,150.00 308 “ "“Pan-American Petroleum & Transport Co., Cl. B 16,170.00 11,193.84 250 “ Pemberton Bldg. Trust 12,000.00 25,000.00 25 “ "“Pressed Steel Car Co. 1,825.00 2,250.00 5 “ *Public Service Co. of Northern 111., preferred 450.00 393.93 400 “ * Reece Button-Hole Machine Co. 6,400.00 6,000.00 6 “ *Republic Motor Truck Co., Common 00.00 111.00 20 “ "“Republic Motor Truck Co., Preferred 00.00 1,240.00 2 “ "“Republic Rubber Co., 1st Preferred 00.00 30.00 48 “ *Sherman Apartment House Co. 2,400.00 2,400.00 2 “ *Sherwin-Williams Co., Preferred 220.00 200.00 55 “ "“Smith, J. Hungerford Co., Preferred 5,500.00 5,500.00 2 “ *Soden, G. A. & Co., 1st Preferred 200.00 185.00

Amounts carried forward $387,420.88 $369,697.70 232 Report of the Treasurer

IN VESTM EN T OF TRUST FUNDS — STOCKS — Continued

Market Values Aug. 31, 1924 Book Values Amounts brought forward $387,420.88 $369,697.70

12 shares "Southern New England Tel. Co. 1,620.00 1,302.75 80 “ *Spicer Mfg. Co. 960.00 1,600.00 25 “ "Springfield Fire & Marine Ins. Co. 8,125.00 4,800.00 8 “ ^Standard Oil Co. of Indiana 414.00 592.00 20 “ "Stover Mfg. & Engine Co., Preferred 1,200.00 1,700.00 6 “ The Silversmiths Co., Common 6.00 540.00 50 “ "'Tidewater Oil Co. 6,100.00 4,380.20 2 “ *Tom Wye Inc. 2.00 200.00 200 “ Tropical Fruit Growers Asso. 5.00 5.00 52 “ *Union Stock Yards Co. of Omaha, Common 5,304.00 5,200.00 14 “ *United Gas & Electric Co., N. J. Preferred 220.00 280.00 2 “ *U. S. Smelting & Ref. Co., Preferred 88.00 87.00 193 “ *U. S. Steel Corp’n, Preferred 23,353.00 20.747.00 100 “ "Western Union Telegraph Co. 11,125.00 8,458.00 84 “ * White Star Line 1,512 00 2,100.00 916 “ "‘Williams, Davis, Brooks & Hinchman Sons, Pfd. 4,580.00 4,580.00 72 “ Worcester Electric Light Co. 24,480.00 11,535.36 312 “ Worcester Gas Light Co., Common 10,920.00 15,061.10 22 “ Worcester Gas Light Co., Preferred 2,310.00 2?134.00 276 “ Worthington Pump & Machinery Corp’n Class B., Preferred and $4.25 scrip 18,492.00 20,330.00 96 “ Worthington Pump & Machinery Corp’n Common, and $61.50 scrip 2,784.00 3,795.00

$511,020.88 $479,125.11

BONDS

GOVERNMENT, CITY AND STATE

Market Values Aug. 31, 1924 Book Values $ 3,000 Bonds "“Board of Education, Town Carney, County of Lincoln, Okla, 7%, Nov. 1941 $3,450.00 $3,000.00 960 “ *Caney Township, Okla, 6%, Aug. 1948 1,017.60 960.00 2,000 “ *City of Cincinnati, Ohio, 3§% Ref., M ay, 1956 1,760.00 2,000.00 27,000 “ City and County of San Francisco, City Hall, 5% , July 1935 28,113.75 27,608.00

Amounts carried forward $34,341.35 $33,568.00 Report of the Treasurer 233

INVESTM ENT OF TRUST FUNDS — BONDS — Continued

Market Values Aug. 31, 1924 Book Values Amounts brought forward $34,341.35 $33,568.00 25,000 44 City and County of San Francisco, Ex­ position, 5% , M ay 1934 25,937.50 24,937.50 25,000 ti C ity of Montreal, Canada, 5% , Sept., 1943 29,750.00 24,812.50 25,000 It City of Montreal, Canada, 5% , Nov., 1956 24,625.00 24,412.50 24,000 tt City of Tacoma, Spec. Water Fd., No. 2, 5% , April, 1925 23,760.00 24,000.00 7,000 i t City of Toronto, Deb., 5%, July, 1931 6,947.50 6,947.50 4,000 11 C ity of Toronto, 5% , July, 1934 4,000.00 3,886.80 8,000 it C ity of Toronto, 5% , July,. 1935 8,000.00 7,757.60 12,000 ** City of Toronto, Deb., 5%, July, 1943 11,880.00 11,850.00 20,000 u City of Toronto, 6% , July, 1951 22,400.00 19,700.00 5,000 ti Dominion of Canada, 5%, April, 1931 5,062.50 4,747.00 1,500 44 Dominion of Canada, 5|%, Nov., 1923 1,490.13 1,305.00 << 25,000 Dominion of Canada, 5|%, Aug., 1929 25,937.50 24,250.00 2,000 44 *Enid City, Okla, 6% , M ay ,1935 2,065.00 2,000.00 735 it *Fairfax Township, Okla., 6% , Aug., 1948 782.78 735.00 1,000 tt Government of French Republic, gold, 74%. June, 1941 1,025.00 1,000.00 960 it *Hominy Township, Okla., 6%, Aug., 1948 1,022.40 960.00 1,000 ti *Johnson County, Texas, Road bond, 5|% , M ay, 1939 1,015.00 940.00 50,000 tt Kingdom of Netherlands, 6s, April, 1954 49,750.00 49,250.00 500 It *Montgomery Co., Tenn., Highway, 5%, Jan., 1944 490.00 500 00 50,000 It Province of New Brunswick, 5% , Jan., 1934 50,000.00 49,187.50 3,500 ti *School District No. 41, Garvin Co., Okla., 7% , 1940. 4,025.00 3,500.00 3,000 tt “"School District No. 9, Washita Co., Okla., 7% , April, 1942 3,495.00 3,000.00 805 tt *Strike Axe Township, Okla., 6%. Aug., 1948 857.33 805.00 25,000 H United Kingdom of Great Britain & Ireland, Conv., 5 |% , Aug., 1929 27,625.00 24,062.50 53,000 II United Kingdom of Great Britain & Ireland, 5|% , Gold, Feb., 1937 55,252.50 52,291.88 400 II United States of America, 1st Liberty Loan, 4 j% , June, 1947 407.38 348.64 2,900 II United States of America, 2nd Liberty Loan, 4*% , Nov., 1942 2,930.81 2,892.12 350 44 United States of America, 3rd Liberty Loan, 4^%, Sept., 1928, 356.99 341.51

Amounts carried forward $425,231.67 $403,988.55 “234 Report of the Treasurer

INVESTM ENT OF TRU ST FUNDS — BONDS — Continued

Market Values Aug. 31, 1924 Book Values

Amounts brought forward $425,231.67 $403,988.55 9,050 ‘ United States of America, 4th Liberty Loan, 4J% , Oct., 1938 9,228.17 8,625.53 5,000 1 United States of America, Treasury Note, 4 f% , March, 1925 5,035.00 5,021.87 21,200 1 United States of America, Treasury Note, 4 f% , March, 1927 21,716.75 21,200.00 5,000 * United States of America, Treasury Note, 4 f% , Dec., 1925 5,075.00 5,004.68 5,000 4 United States of America, Treasury Note, 54%, Sept., 1924, 5,006.25 5,056.25

$471,292.84 $448,896.88

RAILROADS AND STREET RAILWAYS

‘$'3,000 Bonds *Alleghany & Western R. R., 1st M tg., 4% , October, 1998 $2,512.50 $2,242.50 2,000 (( *Anacostia & Potomac River R. R. 1st M tg., 5% , April, 1949 760,00 2,000.00 (1 51,000 Atcheson T. & St. Fe. R. R., Gen. Mtg., 4% , October, 1995 45,708.75 47,439.60 22,500 . a Atcheson T. & S. Fe. R. R., Adiustments, 4% , November, 1995 18,506.25 19,214.15 6,000 14 ^Atlantic Coast Line R. R., 1st Cons. Mtg., 4% , July, 1952 5,265.00 4,500.00 9,000

Amounts carried forward $268,192.50 $279,796.25 Report o f the Treasurer 235

INVESTM ENT OF TRUST FUNDS — BONDS — Continued

Market Values Aug. 31, 1924 Book Values

Amountsbrought forward $268,192.50 $279,796.25 26,000 <4 Boston & Maine R. R., Gen. Mtg., 4%, September, 1926 20,800.00 22,180.00 2,000 It Boston & Maine R. R., Gen. Mtg., 4|%, April, 1929 1,550.00 1,660.00 3,000 it *Boston & Maine R. R., Gen. Mtg., 4|%, January, 1944 1,980.00 2,030.00 1,000 41 ^Carolina, Clinchfield & Ohio Ry., 1st Mtg M tg., 5% , June, 1938 985.00 1,000.00 25,000 l( Central Pacific Ry., fist Ref. Mtg., 4%, August, 1949 21,875.00 22,207.50 11,000 II Central Vermont R. R., 1st Mtg., gold, 5% , M ay, 1930 9,900.00 9,758.75 28,000 <1 C. B. & Q. R. R., Co., Gen. Mtg., 4%, March, 1958 24,640.00 23,427.50 10,000 (4 Chicago & East.'111. R. R., 1st Con., 6%, October, 1934 10,600.00 10,900.00 25,000 II Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul R. R., Deb. Mtg., 4%, July, 1934 13,750.00 23,000.00 25,000 14 Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul R. R., Gen. & Ref. Mtg., 4|%, January, 2014 13,500.00 23,000.00 20,000 14 Chicago & No. W. Ry. Co., 5% , M ay, 1933 20,050.00 19,625.00 50,000 41 Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul R. R., Conv., 5% , January, 2014 30,000.00 50,000.00 25,000 41 Chicago & Northwestern Ry. Co., Gen. M tg., 5% , November, 1987 25,937.50 24,687.50 30,000 41 Chicago Railway Co.,1st Mtg., 5%, Feb., 1927 23,475.00 29,400.00 2,000 it •Chicago Railway Co., Cons. Mtg., 5%, Series A & B., February, 1927 1,540.00 1,180.00 10,000 it “"Chicago, Rock Island & Pac. Ry., 1st Ref. M tg., 4% , April, 1934 8,125.00 7,420.00 25,000 14 Chicago, Rock Island & Pac. Ry., Gen. M tg., 4% , January, 1988 20,750.00 21,367.50 25,000 it Chicago, St. Paul, Minn.- & Omaha Ry., Cons. Mtg., 6% , June, 1930 26,250.00 26,562.50 7,000 14 *City & Suburban Ry. Co., Cons. 4%, June, 1930 5,600.00 8,188.42 10,000 II Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis R. R., Gen. Mtg., 4%, June, 1993 8,250.00 10,000.00 12,000 II Cleveland, Lorain & Wheeling Co., cons., 5% , October, 1933 12,120.00 12,000.00

Amounts carried forward $569,870.00 $629,390.92 236 Report of the Treasurer

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS — BONDS — Continued

Market Values Aug. 30, 1924 Book Values Amounts brought forward $569,870.00 $629,390.92 10,000 It Current River R. R., 1st Mtg., 5%, October, 1927 10,000.00 10,100.00 50,000 it Delaware & Hudson Co., Conv.. 5%, October, 1935 49,875.00 50,439,42 25,000 it Fitchburg R. R., Gen. Mtg.. 5%, Jan., 1934 19,875.00 24,375.00 2,000 << •Georgia So. & Florida Ry. Co., 1st Mtg., 5% , July, 1945 1,740.00 2,000.00 17,000 <« Great Northern Ry. Co., Gold bonds, 7%, July, 1936 18,572.50 16,405.00 25,000 tt Great Northern Ry. Co., Gen. Mtg., 5^%, January, 1952 25,250.00 24,112.50 25,000 tt Illinois Central R. R., 1st Mtg., Col. Trust, 4%, April, 1952 21,750.00 22,625.00 £5,000 it Illinois Central R. R., Sterling, 3|%, July, 1950 18,250.00 17,072.50 3,000 It •Indiana Ry. Co., 1st Mtg., 5%, Gold Bond, January, 1930 2,400.00 2,325.00 25,000 it International Ry. Co. of Buffalo, Ref. & Imp., 5%, November, 1962 13.000.00 23,650.00 1,000 tt Iowa Central Ry. Co., 1st Mtg., 5%, June, 1938 625.00 750.00 24,000 tt Kansas City, Ft. Scott & Memphis R. R., Con. Mtg., 6% , M ay, 1928 24,780.00 25,776.25 2.000 tt •Kentucky Central Ry., Co., 1st Mtg., 4%, gold, July, 1987 1,675.00 2,000.00 5,000 ** Lake Shore & Mich. So. R. R., Deb. 4%, September, 1928 4,900.00 4,668.75 30,000 tt Lake Shore & Mich. So. R. R., Deb. 4%. M ay, 1931 28,687.50 27,700.00 2,000 *t •Leavenworth Term. Ry., 1st Mtg., 5%,

January, 1923 0 0 . 0 0 1,300.00 15,000 it Long Island R.R. Co., Unified Mtg., 4%, March, 1949 12,525.00 14,062.50 5,000 It Long Island R. R. Co., Ref. Mtg., 4%, March, 1949 4,200.00 4,725.00 10,000 a Louisville & Nashville R. R., 1st Mtg., Coll. Trust, 5%, November, 1931 10,250.00 10,000.00 10,000 a Louisville & Nashville R. R., 5%, April, 2003 10,250.00 9,550.00 50,000 tt Maine Central R. R., 1st & Ref. Mtg., 4$%, December, 1935 43,500.00 49,325.00

Amounts carried forward $891,975.00 $972,352.84 Report of the Treasurer 237

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS — BONDS — Continued

Market Values Aug 30, 1924 Book Values

Amounts brought forward $891,975.00 $972,352.84 25,000 it Michigan Central R. R., Debs., 4%, April, 1929 24.437.50 23,000.00 12,500 14 Missouri, Kansas & Texas R. R. Co. prior lien M tg. Series A, 5% , Jan., 1962 10,656.25 10,328.10 12,500 “ Missouri, Kansas & Texas R.R. Co., prior lien M tg., Series B, 4% , Jan., 1962 8,687.50 8,584.40 1,000 4 4 Missouri Pacific R. R. Co., 1st & Ref. Mtg., Series D, 6% , Feb., 1949 980.00 1,000.00 25,000 44 Nash. & Florence & Sheffield Ry. Co., 1st Mtg., 5% August, 1937 24,875.00 24,125.00 56,000 If N. Y. Central R. R., Cons. Mtg., 4%, February, 1998 46,760.00 46,573.3.6 25,000 it N. Y. Central R. R., Cons. Debs., 6%, M ay, 1935 27,000.00 23,500.00 20,000 tt N. Y . Central R. R., 5% , October, 2013 19,800.00 19,050.00 75,000 tt N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R., Con. Debs., 6%, January, 1948 57,562.50 78,550.25 2,000 44 N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R., Deb., 4%, May, 1956 1,130.00 1,000.00 20,000 44 No. Pacific R. R., 6% , July, 2047 20,950.00 21,000.00 10,000 44 Nor. Pac. Ry. Co., Gen. Lien, gold, 3%, January, 2047 6,037.50 6,817.76 12,000 it Nor. Pac. Ry. Co., Prior Lien, 4% , Jan­ uary, 1997 10,200.00 9,247.05 10,000 II Oregon Ry. & Nav. Co., Con. Mtg., 4%, June, 1946 8,900.00 10,135.00 31,000 44 Oregon Short Line R. R., gold, 4%, De cember, 1929 30,302.50 29,236.26 15,000 II Oregon Short Line R. R., Con. Mtg., gold, 5%, July, 1946 15,600,00 12,445.27 50,000 14 Pacific Ry. of Missouri, 2nd Mtg., 5%, July, 1938 49,000.00 50,246.25 7,000 41 Penn. R. R., 15 year. Sec., 6|% , Febru­ ary, 1936 7,717.50 6,938.75 50,000 41 Penn. R. R. Co., Gen. Mtg., 4|%, June, 1965 46,812.50 48,980.00 25,000 II Penn. R. R. Co., Gen. Mtg., Series B, 5%, December, 1968 25,687.50 23,625.00 250 44 Rochester & Syracuse R. R. Co. ($ Bond of 500.), 5% , M ay 1957 145.00 187.50

Amounts carried forward $1,335,216.25 $1,426,922.79 238 Report of the Treasurer

IN VESTM EN T OF TRUST FUNDS — BONDS — Continued

Market Value Aug. 30, 1924 Book.Values Amounts brought forward $1,335,216.25$1,426,922.79 12.000 “ St. Joseph & Gr. Island R. R., 1st M tg.f 4% , January, 1947 9,060.00 11,320.00 50.000 “ St. Louis, Iron Mountain & So. Ry., Gen., Con. Ry. & Land Grant, 5%, April, 1931 49,812.50 47,740.00 15,000 It St. Louis & San Fran. Ry., Pr. Lien “ C,” 6% , July, 1928 15,365.25 14,400.00 10,000 tt St. Paul & Duluth R. R., 1st Mtg., 4%, June, 1968 8,200.00 10,050.00 <1 25,000 Southern Pacific Co., 1st Mtg., (San. Fran. Terminal), 4%, April, 1950 20,937.50 21,250.00 16,000 tt Toronto, Hamilton & Buffalo R. R., 1st M tg., 4% , June, 1946 13,200.00 15,793.75 50,000 tt Union Pacific R. R., Sec. 6%, July, 1928 52,125.00 50,816.25 5,000 tt Union Pacific R. R., 1st Mtg., 4%, July, 1947 4,562.50 4,970.00 25,000 tt Union Pacific R. R., 1st Lien & Ref. Mtg., 4%, June, 2008 21,406-25 21,190.00 10,000 tt Wisconsin Cen. R. R., 1st Mtg., 4%, July, 1949 8,225.00 9,075.83 5,000 tt •Certif. Empire Trust Co., for 2nd Mtg. Bonds, Middleton, Unionville & Water Gap R. R. (l int.) 00.00 5.00

$1,538,110.25 $1;633,533.62

TELEPHONE COMPANIES

$11,137.50 $10,780.00 51.000 " American Tel. & Tel. Co., 5|% , Nov., 194 3 51,765.00 50,821.25 60.000 “ Illinois Bell Tel. Co., 5%, June, 1956 57,675.00 58,012.50 34.000 " New Eng. Tel. & Tel. Co., 5%, Oct., 1932 34,170.00 33,930.00 32.000 “ New Eng. Tel. & Tel., 5%, June, 1952 32,120.00 31,240.00 50.000 “ New York Tel. Co., 44%, November, 193« ► 47,875.00 ,48,477 ..50 7,000 “ New York Tel. Co., Ref. Mtg., 6% , Oct., 1941 7,420.00 6,947.50 80.000 “ New York Tel. Co., Sinking Fund Debs., 6% , February, 1949 85,800.00 80,800.00 55.000 " Pacific Tel & Tel. Co., 1st & Col., 5% , January, 1937. 54,175.00 53,700.00

Amounts carried forward $382,137.50 $374,708.75 Report of the Treasurer 239

INVESTM ENT OF TRUST FUNDS — BONDS — Continued

Market Values Aug 30, 1924 Book Values Amounts brought forward $382,137.50 $374,708.75 25.000 “ Southern Bell Tel. Co., 1st Mtg., Sinking Fund, 5% , Jan., 1941 , 24,125.00 24,000:00 50.000 “ Southwestern Bell Tel. Co., 5% , Feb. 1954 48,000.00 ,48,250.00 5,000 “ Western Tel & Tel. Co., Col. Trust, 5%, January, 1932 4,950.00 4,800.00 10.000 " Western Union Telegraph Co., Funding & Real Estate Mtg., 4§% , M ay, 1950 9,450.00 9,000.00

$468,662.50 $460,758.75

PUBLIC UTILITIES

mtg-i 5% , January 1962 $24,500.00 $24,875.00 1,000 Adirondack Power & Light Corp., 1st & Ref. Gold, 6 % , Series of 1950 1,025.00 1,000.00 10,000 ‘ Boston Elevated Ry., Deb., 4|%, November, 1941 8,800.00 9,991.25 65,000 Boston Elevated Ry., Reg. Deb. 5%, December, 1942 60,693.75 64,550.00 10,000 * Boston Elevated Ry., 5%, December, 1942 9,337.50 8,762.50 25,000 * Broadway & 7th Ave., 1st Cons. Mtg., 5% , December, 1943 17,500.00 25,500.00 5,000 Brooklyn Union Elev. R. R. Co., 1st mtg., 4% and 5% , February, 1950 4,200.00 4,860.00 3,000 •Burlington Gas Light Co., 1st Mtg., 5%, January, 1955 2,490.00 2,680.00 50,000 Cleveland Electric 111. Co., 1st Mtg., 5%, April, 1939 49,000.00 50,000.00 5,000 Colo. Springs Elee. Co., 1st Mtg., 5%, April, 1920, Extended 3,500.00 5,000.00 10,000 Columbus & 9th Ave., 1st Mtg., 5%, September, 1993 600.00 9,850.00 40,000 Columbus Ry. Power & Light Co., 1st Ref. & Ext. Sink. Fd., 5%, Oct., 1940 34,400.00 • 37,200.00 5,000 ‘ •Consolidated Lighting Co., of Vt., 1st M tg., 5% , January, 1926 4,650.00 4,700.00 50,000 ‘ •Consumers Power Co., 1st Lien & Ref., 5% , January, 1936 47,500.00 48,500.00 53,000 ' Consumers Power Co., 1st Lien & Unif., 5% , November, 1952 47,567.50 49 517.50

Amounts carried forward .$315,763,;75 $346,986.25 240 Report of the Treasurer

INVESTMENT OF FUNDS — BONDS — Continued

Market Values Aug. 31, 1924 Book Values Amounts brought forward $315,763.75 $346,986.25 3,000 “ *Des Moines City R. R. Co., Gen. & Ref. M tg., 5% , January, 1936 2.070.00 2,865.00 50,000 “ Detroit Edison Co., 1st Mtg., gold, 5%, January. 1933 50,000.00 49,750.00 50,000 " Detroit Edison Co., 1st Ref. Mtg., 6% , July, 1940 53,000.00 44,500.00 75,000 " Duquesne Light Co., 1st Mtg. & Col. Trust, 6% , July, 1949 78,937.50 72.000.00 2,000 “ *Galesburg Ry. & Light Co., 1st Cons. Mtg., 5% , July, 1934 1,800.00 2,000.00 20.000 “ Georgia Ry. & Electric Co., General 6% , March, 1948 19,800.00 19,400.00 42,000 “ "Indiana Service Corp., 1st Mtg., 5%, January, 1950 35,280.00 36,682.50 22,500 “ Interborough Rapid Transit Co., 10 yr. Sec. Note. 7% , September, 1932 20,137.50 22,125.00 25,000 “ Interborough Rapid Transit Co., 1st & Ref. Mrg., 5% , January , 1966 16,875.00 19,800.00 3,000 “ Joplin Gas Co., 6% , June 1930 2,400.00 2,805.00 10,000 “ Kansas City Gas Co., 1st Mtg., 6% , February, 1942 10,000.00 10,000.00 1,000 “ Kansas Gas & Electric Co., 6%, March, 1952 975.00 950.00 15,000 “ Lexington Ave. & Pavonia Ferry Co., 1st M tg., 5% , September, 1993 5,775.00 14,775.00 50,000 “ Louisville Gas & Elec. Co., 1st & Ref., M tg., 5% , November, 1952 45,000.00 45,750.00 1,000 “ Macon Ry. & Light Co., 1st Cons. Mtg., 5% , January, 1953 830.00 1,000.00 20,000 “ Mass. Gas Co., Gold Deb., 4|% , January, 1931 19,100.00 19,350.00 250 “ Milford, Holliston & Framingham St. Ry., extended, 7% , Jan. 1923 (| int. in 500. bond) 125.00 225.00 1,000 “ *Monongahela West Penn. Public Service Co., 1st Lien & Ref., conv., 6% , February, 1928 990.00 1,000.00 25,000 “ Montreal Light, Heat & Power Co., 1st & Coll. Tr.. 44% , January, 193? 23,937.50 23,625.00 25,000 “ Montreal Tramways Co., 1st & Ref., 5%, July, 1941 23,500.00 24,937.50

Amounts carried forward $726,296.25 $760,526.25 Report of the Treasurer 241

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS — BONDS — Continued

Market Values Aug. 31, 1924 Book Values Amounts brought forward $726,296.25 $760,526.25 49,000 (4 Nevada-Calif. Elec. Co., 1st lien, 6%, January, 1946 46,550.00 45,840.00 13,000 44 Niagara Falls Power Co., 1st & Cons. M tg., 6% , November, 1950 13,715.00 13,060.00 1,000 41 No. N. Y. Utilities Inc., 1st Lien & Ref. gold, Series A 7 %, M ay, 1946 1 050.00 1,000.00 20,000 44 Ohio Public Service Co., 1st & Ref. Mtg., 7%, February, 1947 21,400.00 20,175.00 30,000 41 Ohio Public Service Co., 1st & Ref. Mtg., 6% , March, 1953 28,725.00 29,187.00 1,000 44 *Okla. Gas & Elec. Co., 1st & Ref. Mtg., gold, Series B, 6%, February, 1941 930.00 1, 000.00 1,000 <1 Penn. Public Service Corp., 61%, conv. gold, March 1938 990.00 1,000.00 10,000 41 ♦Peoples Gas Light & Coke Co., Chicago, Ref. Mtg., 5% , July, 1947 9,450.00 10, 000.00 15,000 11 Phila. Suburban Gas & Electric Co., General, 6% , December ,1969 15,000.00 14,400.00 28,000 44 Portland, Ore., Gen. Electric Co., 1st Mtg. 5% , July, 1935 27,580.00 28,250.00 1,000 44 Power Corp. of N. Y., 1st Mtg. gold, 6\%, November, 1942 970.00 1,000.00 8,000 44 Puget Sound Power Co., 1st 5% , June, 1933 7,840.00 8,160.00 25,000 44 Puget Sound Power & Light Co., 5|%, June, 1949 24,312.50 24,375.00 1,000 44 *Rahway City Water Works, N. J., 1st 4% , July, 1932 950.00 800.00 20,000 <4 Rochester Gas & Electric Co., Gen. Mtg., 7% , March, 1946 21,850.00 19,955.00 1,000 It *St. Cloud Public Service Co., 1st Mtg., - 6% , November, 1934 950.00 1,000.00 (1 7,000 *St. Joseph Water Co., 1st, 5%, April, 1941 5,705.00 5,250.00 20,000 44 *San Antonio Water Co., Ref. Mtg., 5%, M ay, 1931 18,600.00 20,000.00 10,000 44 *San Dimas Water Co., 1st Mtg., 6%, July, 1942 9,500.00 10,000.00 25,000 41 Scranton & Wilkes-Barre Traction Corp., 1st Ref. Mtg., 5%, August, 1951 18,875.00 23,750.00 10,000 44 Shawinigan Water & Power Co., 1st Ref. Mtg., 6%, Series B, July, 1950 10,450.00 10,212.50 26,000 44 Southern Cal. Edison Co., Gen. & Ref. M tg., 6%, February, 1944 26,520.00 25,500.00

Amounts carried forward $1,038,208.75 $1,074,440.75 242 Report of the Treasurer

IN VESTM EN T OF TRUST FUNDS — BONDS — Continued

Market Values Aug. 31, 1924 Book Values Amounts brought forward $1,038,208.75$1,074,440.75 1,000 M ♦Southern Light & Traction Co., 5%, Col. Trust, March, 1949 850.00 1,000.00 27,000 tt Southern Power Co., 1st Mtg., 5%, March, 1930 26,595.00 26,720.00 17,000 it Tennessee Electric Power Co., 1st Ref. Mtg., Series A, 6% , June, 1947 16,575.00 16,390.00 tt 35,000 Texas Power & Light Co., 5 % , June. 1937 33,075.00 32,900.00 10,000 tt Toledo Edison Co., 1st Mtg., 7%, Sept- tember, 1941 10,800.00 9,800.00 10,000 it Union Electric Light & Power Co., Ref. & Ext. M tg., 5% , M ay, 1933 9,825.00 10,000.00 5,000 tt ♦Union Traction Co. of Indiana, Gen. Mtg. 6% , July, 1932 2,650.00 4,750.00 50,000 a Utah Power & Light Co., 1st Mtg., 5%, February. 1944 45.625.00 47,375.00 26,000 tt Utica Gas & Electric Co., Ref. & Ext. Mtg., 5%, July, 1957 25,155.00 25,960.00 1,000 tt ♦Vermont Power & Lighting Co., 1st Mtg., 5%, March, 1927 950.00 1, 000.00 25,000 a Washington Water Power Co., 1st Ref. Mtg.. 5% , July, 1939 25,000 00 25,000.00 10,000 tt West End St. Ry., Deb. 6\%, Feb.,1927 10,300.00 10,215.00 26,000 tt West End St. Ry. Co., Reg. 5% , July, 1930 25,480.00 24,960.00 n 11,000 West Penn. Power Co., 1st Mtg., 5%, March 1963 10,175.00 9,900.00 5,000 “ Wisconsin, Minn., Power and Light, 5%, 1st & Ref. M tg., M ay, 1944 4,600.00 4,600.00 10,000 “ Yadkin River Power Co., 1st Mtg., 5%, April, 1941 9,400.00 8,875.00

$1,295,263.75$1,333,885.75

INDUSTRIALS AND MISCELLANEOUS

9.000 bonds *Adams Express Co., Col. Trust, gold 4% June 1947 $6,660.00 $8,335.00 1.000 “ *Agar Packing & Provision Co., Chicago, 1st M tg., 6£%, June, 1937 950.00 1,000.00 4.000 “ . ‘Ambassador Hotels, Atlantic City, N. J., 1st M tg., 6% , Jan., 1929, 1930,1936, 1939 3,960.00 4,000.00

Amounts carried forward $11,570.00 $13,335.00 Report of the Treasurer 243

INVESTMENT OF FUNDS — BONDS — Continued

Market Values Aug. 31, 1924 Book Values Amounts brought forward $11,570.00 $13,335.00 1,000 bonds *American Real Estate Co., N. Y.f 6%, 1917, in liquidation 40.00 897.00 50,000 “ Armour & Co., real estate, 1st Mtg. 4$%, June, 1939 42,500.00 46,365.00 1,000 “ *Athletic Club & Office Bldg., Atlantic, N. J., 61%, July, 1940 990.00 1,000.00 17,000 “ Bitter Root Valley Irrigation Co., Cert, of Int., 8%, Series A 00.00 17,000.00 10,000 “ Boston Terminal Co., 1st 3£%, Feb., 1947 8,350.00 10,250.00 3,000 " *Cecil Apartment Hotel, St. Louis, Mo., 1st Mtg., 7% , Oct., 1933 2,970.00 3,000.00 1,500 " ""Chester Apartment Bldg., St. Louis, Mo., 1st Mtg., 7% , Feb., 1934 1,485.00 1,500.00 10,000 “ Chicago Junction Rys. & Union Stock Yard Co., Col. Trust, 4%, April, 1940 8,300.00 10,187.50 15,000 “ Colo., Fuel & Iron Co., Gen. Mtg., S. F. 5% , Feb., 1943 3,237.50 13,500.00 322,000 " *Dawson Ry. & Coal Co., 5%, July, 1951 305,900.00 322,000.00 1,000 “ *Fenway Hall Apartment Bldg., Cleve­ land, O., 1st M tg. 6i% , Nov., 1933 990.00 1,000.00 1,000 “ *Fifth Ave. Apartment Bldg., New York, 1st M tg. 6% , Aug., 1931 990.00 1,000.00 5,000 “ *General Motors Bldg., Detroit, 1st Mtg,, 7% , Nov., 1933-4 4,950.00 5,000.00 1,000 “ *Guerin Mill, Inc., 1st Mtg., 7%, Feb., 1937 900.00 960.00 1,000 “ *Hadleigh Apartment Bldg., New York, 1st Mtg. 6% , Aug., 1929 990.00 1,000.00 500 “ “"Hotel Canterbury, San Fran., Cal., 1st M tg. 6i% , Aug., 1937 495.00 500.00 1,000 “ ’"Independent Packing Co., Chicago, 1st M tg. 6§% , April 1937 960.00 1,000.00 75,000 “ International Paper Co., 1st & Ref. Mtg. 5% , Series A, Jan., 1947. 63,750.00 74,955.00 1,000 “ *1700 Jefferson Ave., E. Detroit, 1st Mtg. 6% , Oct., 1930 990.00 1,000.00 2,000 4‘ *Lake Placid Co., 1st Ref. Mtg., 6% , Oct., 1940 1,600.00 1,600.00 6,000 “ Louisville & Jeffersonville Bridge Co., 4%, Mar., 1945 4,920.00 6,000.00 1,000 “ *Madison Park Bldg., Chicago, 1st Mtg. 6% , Jan., 1029 990.00 1,000.00

Amounts carried forward $467,867.50 $534,049.50 244 Report o f the Treasurer

INVESTMENT FUNDS — BONDS — Continued

Market Values Aug 30, 1924 Book Values Amounts brought forward $467,867.50 $534,049.50 3,000 <( *McCord Mfg. Co., Inc., New York, 1st Mtg. 6% , July, 1929 2,850.00 3,000.00 1,000 It ♦Memphis Terminal Corp., 1st Mtg., gold, 6% , Jan , 1942 1,000.00 860.00 500 tt ♦Middlesex Banking Cb,, Middletown,

Conn., 5%, Oct., 1915 0 0 . 0 0 263.30 461,000 it ♦New Mexico Ry. & Coal Co.; 1st Cons. Mtg., 5%, 1947 & 1951 421,850.00 461,000.00 5,000 H Pleasant Valley Coal Co, 1st M tg, 5%, July, 1928 4,800.00 5,250.00 1,000 it ♦Ritz-Carlton Hotel, Atlantic City, N. J , 6% , July, 1930 1,000.00 1,000.00 3,000 tt ♦Sanger Bros. Dallas, Texas, 6$%, July, 1942 2,850.00 3,000.00 1,000 tt ♦State of Jalisco, Mexico, 6% , July, 1928 50.00 180.00

26,000 tt Terminal R. R. Assoc, of St. Louis, 1st M tg , 5% , August, 1944 25,870.00 28,528.33 96,000 II United States Steel Corp’n, S. F. 5% , April, 1963 100,560.00 94,000.00 3,880 tt U. S. of Mexico, External Mtg. gpld, 5% , Jan, 1915 1,552.00 3,952.75 2,000 tt ♦Watervliet Hydraulic C o , 1st M tg., 5% ,

N o v , 1940 0 0 . 0 0 1,500.00

$1,030,249.50 $1,136,583.88

MORTGAGES AND NOTES

Sundry Notes and Mortgages $379,195.35 $379,195.35

REAL ESTATE

*Land and Buildings $8.00 $8.00

ESTATES PENDING SETTLEMENT

♦Securities received from estates awaiting sale $2,028.00 $2,028.00 Report of the Treasurer 245

SUMMARY OF INVESTMENTS

Book Values Market Aug. 31, 1924 Values

National Bank Stocks $ 69,192.88 $ 113,060.00 Railroad Stocks and Street Railways 317,149.09 175,692.76 Industrial and Miscellaneous Stocks 479,125.11 511,020.88 Government, City and State Bonds 448,896.88 471,292.84 Railroad Bonds and Street Railways 1,633,533.62 1,538,110.25 Telephone Bonds 460,758.75 468,662.50 Public Utility Bonds 1,333,885.75 1,295,263.75 Industrial and Miscellaneous Bonds 1,136,583.88 1,028,649.50 Mortgages and Notes 379,195.35 379,195.35 Real Estate 8.00 8.00 Securities received from estates awaiting sale 2,028.00 2,028.00

$6,260,357.31 $5,982,983.83 246 Report of the Treasurer

TRUST FUNDS

Income Principal Principal Income Bal. Aug. 31, Sept. 1. 1924 Aug. 31. 1924 for year 1924, $1,124,673.13 Conditional Gift Fund $1,083,332.69 $64,023.46 $4,961.62 (Paid to Life Beneficiaries $63,994.84) 594,177.01 General Permanent Fund 594,332.84 31,579.79 45,076.50 Permanent Fund for Officers 45,076.50 2,355.83 1,375.00 Acterian Fund 1,075.00 76.25 158.68 3,850.00 Aintab Second Ch. Rebuilding Fund 3,850.00 163.62 81.79 830.00 Americus Fuller Fund 830.00 40.00 40.00 2,185.00 Ames Fund 2,302.50 141.24 66,169.50 Anatolia College Endowment 66,169.50 3,318.69 2,664.43 25,000.00 Atherton Fund 25,000.00 400.00 400.00 12,000.00 Bangor Churches Fund 12,000.00 1,050.00 10,394.92 Bigelow Legacy 10,394.92 489.73 1,200.42 1,120.000 Charles E. Carr Fund 1,120.00 6,333.37 George P. Castle Fund 6,333.37 404.21 ...... Ceylon Missionaries Fund 5.00 40,000.00 Clarke-Abbott Fund (Conditional Gift) 40,000.00 688.63 *6,381.71 87,000.00 Condit Fund (Conditional Gift) 87,000.00 4,121.48 10,000.00 Condit G ift Fund 10,000.00 1,000.00 50,000.00 Danforth Gift (Conditional Gift) 3,236.79 4,827.00 Estates Pending Settlement 4,828.00 1,900.00 First Church, St. Louis, Fund 2,647.00 16.26 124,338.63 Luke W . Fowle Fund 126,851.84 9,152.74 10,000.00 M ary P. Gill Fund 10,000.00 700.00 175.00 25,000.00 Harris School of Science Fund 25,000.00 1,098.00 308.00 39,398.00 C. S. Harwood Bible Training School Endowment 39,398.00 3,450.71 410.71 158,483.42 Higher Educational W ork Endowment 158,483.42 6,841.84 9,718.66 1,000,000.00 D. Willis James Foundation 1,000,000.00 54,406.66 15,000.00 Charles E. Jefferson Academy Edw. 15,025.00 705.96 20.59 4,325.54 Duane J. Kelsey Fund 4,325.54 267.40 *73.21 48,442.71 Asa W. Kenney Fund 48,442.71 1,596.05 146.90 Marsovan Theol. Seminary Student Employment Fund 96.90 4.24 13.76 423.70 Dr. Augustine Mann Gift 423.70 21.25 8,000.00 Jane C. Means Fund (Conditional Gift) 8,000.00 505.00 794.74 22,621.64 Julia A. Merrill Fund 22,746.64 1,171.12 25,752.37 William F. Merrill Memorial Fund 25,752.37 1,191.65 10,000.00 Minnie’s Seaside Rest Fund 9,932.00 703.56 *94.61 4,004.50 Raynolds Fund 4,004.50 68.04 311.69 8.00 Real Estate Fund 8.00

$3,582,856.84 Amounts carried forward $3,494,787.94 $194,990.20 $21,260.09 •Debit to income *$6,549.53 Report of the Treasurer 247

TRUST FUNDS — Continued

Principal Principal Income Income Sept. 1,1923 Aug. 31, 1924 for year Bai. Aug. 31. 1924 $3,582,856.84 Amounts brought forward 5,494,787.94 $194,990.20 $21,260.09 *6,549.53 123,252.57 123,636.70 6,308.07 3.000.00 Lizzie C. Short Gift 1.500.00 76,633.88 St. Paul’s Institute Fund 76,633.88 3,533.09 1,081.42 13,000.00 Sundry Gifts 13,000.00 397,723.26 Twentieth Century Fund 390,918.85 16,728.05 8,100.00 Washburn Fund No. 1 (Conditional Gift) 8.100.00 17,430.00 Washburn Fund No. 2 (Conditional Gift) 17,430.00 98.62 3.000.00 Williams Fund 3,000.00 20,064.34 Mission Scholarships Cornelia A. Ellis Scholarship 300.00 17.52 Andrews Scholarships 500.00 29.20 Jeannie Grace Greenough Crawford Scholarship 1,000.00 58.40 Marian Elwood Scholarship 400.00 23.36 Annie A. Gould Scholarship 2,100.00 118.42 Deacon Gates Mardin High School Scholarship 1,000.00 58.40 Norton Hubbard Scholarship 1,000.00 58.40 International College of Smyrna 100.00 5.84 Capron Hall Ives Scholarship 2,000.00 116.79 J. S. Judd Doshisha Scholarship 1,000.00 58.40 Norman T. Leonard Scholarship 1,100.00 64.24 Hugh Miller Scholarship 1,650.00 96.36 Montgomery Mem­ orial Scholarship 140.56 8.22 Thornton Bigelow Penfield Scholarship 500.00 29.20 Porter Scholarships 3,000.00 175.19

$4,245,060.89 Amounts carried forward $4,129,007.37 $222,477.35 $22,440.13 *Debit to income *6,549.53 248 Report of the Treasurer

TRUST FUNDS — Continued Principal Principal Income Income Sept. 1, 1923 Aug. 31, 1924 for year Bal. Aug. 31, 1924 $4,245,060.89 Amounts brought forward $4,129,007.37 $222,477.35 $22,440.13 *6,549.53 Mary W. Thompson Scholarship $500.00 29.20 Turvanda Topalyan Scholarship 2,026.00 118.32 Joanna Fisher White Scholarship 650.00 39.76 Williams and Andrus Scholarships 1,417.78 82.77 Mission Scholarships ------$20,384.34

$4,245,060.89 Total $4,149,391.71 $222,747.40 Cr. $23,961.86 Dr. 6,549.53

$17,412.33 *Debit to income

TRUST FUNDS — Continued

These Funds Constitute “General Investments”

Principal Principal Income Sept. 1, 1923 Aug. 31, 1924 for year

$ 400.00 Ackley Endowment $ 400.00 $ 21.11 1,717.33 Adana Y . M. C. A. Building Fund 1,807.97 90.64 250.00 Adkins, H. R., Fund 250.00 13.20 1,775.88 Adoor Agha Trust Fund 1,869.61 93.73 2,192.16 Afion Kara Hissar Bldg. Fund 2,307.86 115.70 12,684.31 Albanian Hospital Fund 13,353.81 669.50 335.49 Albanian Medical W ork Fund 353.20 17.71 7,674.41 Albert Victor Hospital Endowment 7,674.41 405.06 10,235.20 Alden Memorial Fund 10,235.20 540.22 4,000.00 Allen Memorial Fund 4,000.00 211.12 1,000.00 Amelia Scholarship 1,000.00 52.78 500.00 American Col. Madura, Edw. Fd. 500.00 26.39 2,000.00 Amherst College Neesima Edw. 2,000.00 105.56 7,339.09 Anatolia College Building Fund 7,726.45 387.36 360.46 Anatolia College Laboratory Fund 379.49 19.03 13,919.65 Anatolia College, Telfeyan Fund 14,654.35 721.61 45.19 Anatolia College Boys’ Home Building Fund 47.58 2.39 553.53 Anatolia Girls’ School Edw. 582.75 29.22 4,443.98 Anatolia Hospital Fund 9,400.00 Anderson, Mabel Baker, Fund 9,400.00 496.14

$80,826.68 Amounts carried forward $78,542.68 $4,018.47 Report of the Treasurer 249

TRUST FUNDS — Continued

Principal Principal Income Income Sept. 1, 1924 Aug. ‘ 31, ' 1924 for year Bal. Aug. 31, 1924 $80,826.68 Amounts brought forward $78,542.68 $4,018.47 Arts and Crafts F und 5,066.15 267.40 Atkinson, Henry H., Memorial Endowment 6,932.13 346.97 Atterbury Fund 4,750.00 250.71 Atwater Memorial Fund 8,515.00 448.77 Atwood Memorial School F und 21.00 1.11 Ballou, Harriet R., Fund 10,000.00 527.82 Bingham, Sibyl Mosley, Memorial Fund 1,000.00 52.78 Bithynia High School Bldg. Fund 7,368.69 215.84 Bitlis Orphanage Fund 304.71 15.28 Bodman, Edward C., Fund 10,000.00 527.82 Bombay High School Fund 860.53 45.42 Boys’ Academy Fund, Hadjin 1,386.45 50.89 Browne, John K., Mem. Fund 10,000.00 527.82 Burrall Fund 1,583.69 79.40 Cagayan Hospital Building Fund 15,924.68 119.22 Cameron, John M., Fund 1,000.00 52.78 Capen, Samuel B., Fund 5,000.00 263.91 Capron Scholarship 656.98 34.68 Chase, Mabel, Scholarship 500.00 26.39 Church, Susan B., Memorial Fund 150.00 7.92 Clark Fund 1,000.00 52.78 Clark Scholarship 1,000.00 52.78 Coffin, W. R., Fund 4,850.00 255.99 Colman, J. M., Fund 25,000.00 1,319.54 Cutler F und 500.00 26.39 Dardanelles Armenian Protestant Chapel Building Fund 1,176.01 49.55 Davao Hospital Building Fund 4,360.72 218.62 Dewey Scholarship 300.00 15.83 Dewing Fund 13,955.00 736.56 Diarbekir Hospital Building Fund 22,341.04 1,120.06 Diarbekir Hospital Endowment 20,000.00 1,055.63 $7,892.98 Dnyanodaya Endowment 395.50 20.87 East Madison Ave., Church Memorial Fund 1,000.00 52.78 Edwards Church Scholarship 1,000.00 52.78 Farrington Fund 1,361.05 71.84 Fenchow Bible Training School Edw. 3,320.00 170.83 First Congregational Church Stamford, Conn. 1,500.00 79.18 Fletcher Endowment Scholarship 2,000.00 105.56 Foochow College Professorship Edw. 15,000.00 791.72 Foochow Missionary Hospital Edw. 1,521.23 80.30

$270,065.09 Amounts carried forward $291,143.24 $14,210.99 $7,892.98 250 Report of the Treasurer

TRUST FUNDS — Continued

Principal Principal Income Income Sept. 1. 1923 Aug. 31. 1924 for year Bal. Aug. 31, 1924

$270,065.09 Amounts brought forward $291,143.24 $14,210.99 $7,892.98

500.00 Fowler, C. E., Memorial Fund 500.00 26.39 1,000.00 Fulton, Rogene T., Fund 1,000.00 52.78 2,775.49 Gates, C. F., Mardin H. S. Scholarship 2,775.49 146.49 277.21 Gates Memorial Bldg. Fund 1,000.00 Gordon, George A., Fund 1,000.00 52.78 13,700.29 Gordon Theological Sem. Fund 13,700.29 723.11 1,000.00 Grace Alumnae Scholarship Fund 2,000.00 74.77 500.00 Gui^e, Virginia Kathryji Memorial Fund 500.00 26.39 5,000.00 Hager Fund 5,000.00 263.91 10,436.67 Haik Evangelical Church Building Fund 10,537.84 541.17 4,381.34 Haik Evangelical Church Education Fund 4,456.00 224.66 95.62 Hallock Fund 95.62 5.05 400.00 Harriet Hazen Scholarship 400.00 21.11 2,672.72 Haskell, Perry B., Memorial Fund 2,672.72 141.07 25,000.00 Rev. and Mrs. H. S. Hazen Memorial 25,000.00 1,319.53 500.00 Hill, A. Lewis, Endowment 500.00 26.39 2,005.00 Inasmuch Scholarship 2,005.00 105.83 5,284.34 International Hospital of Adana Fd. 5,284.34 278.91 1,000.00 International College, Smyrna, Edw. 1,000.00 52.78 7,777.69 Jaffna Medical Mission Endowment 7,777.69 410.51 1,000.00 Jones Fund 1,000.00 52.78 2,000.00 Jones, Henry, Scholarship 2,000.00 105.56 909.79 Jordan, Arthur Stan wood, F.und 1,040.18 50.39 1,606.68 Jubilee Scholarship 1,606.68 84.80 Jubilee Blakely Scholarship 252.78 1,268.10 Kauffman, Ida Elizabeth, Fund 1,268.10 66.93 10,906.00 Kellogg, Orilla C., Fund 10,906.00 575.63 3,390.58 King School (Marsovan) Bldg. Fund 4,280.01 208.83 2,650.00 Kodaikanal School Endowment 2,650.00 139.87 208.00 Leeds, Samuel Penniman, Scholarship 208.00 10.98 2,002.36 Leonard, Amelia A., Fund 2,002.36 105.69 Lindstrom Memorial Fund 1,129.03 29.03 2,226.77 Marash Academy Endowment 2,226.77 117.54 134.96 Marash Gregorian Church Bell Fund 142.08 7.12 4,167.90 Marash School Fund 4,167.90 219.98

$387,842.60 Amounts carried forward $412,228.12 $20,479.75 Report of the Treasurer 251

TRUST FUNDS — Continued

Principal Principal Income Income Sept. 1,1923 Aug. 31. 1924 for year Bal. Aug. 31i 1924 $387,842.60 Amounts brought foward $412,228.12 $20,479.75 $9,139.96 1,800.00 Marash Theological Seminary Endowment 1,994.05 99.18 1,500.00 Marash Theological Seminary Library Fund 1,661.70 82.65 548.06 Marden, W. Morley, Scholarship 548.06 28.93 4,608.71 Mardin Fund 4,851.96 243.25 384.36 Marsovan Seminary Building Fund 404.65 20.29 143.63 M artyn, Henry, Memorial Fund 151.21 7.58 150.00 Martin, M ary S., Scholarship 150.00 7.92 500.00 Mellen, Laura, Scholarship 500.00 26.39 1,500.00 Merriam, C., Female Scholarship 1,500.00 79.17 409.10 Mersine Church Fund 421.71 1.85 365.00 Mills Memorial 365.00 19.27 32,595.06 Mission Property Fund 26,471.34 1,247.83 36,424.80 Mission Property Insurance Fund 38,698.97 1,786.61 2,810.00 Missionary Herald Fund 2,810.00 148.31 5,000.00 Moore, Hollis, Memorial Trust 5,000.00 263.91 2,976.98 Newton, Warren, Memorial Fund 3,134.11 157.13 1,750.00 Noble Fund 1,750.00 92.37 10,000.00 North China College Endowment 10,000.00 527.82 1,136.18 Ordou Church Building Fund 1,196.15 59.97 517.50 Osborn, Helen Louise, Fund 517.50 27.32 1,705.55 Osmanieh M artyrs Memorial Church Fund 1,795.57 90.02 2,350.11 Pasco, Rev. Martin K., Fund 2,394.15 124.04 10,000.00 Pasumalai Sem. Professorship Edw. 10,000.00 527.82 55,491.66 Pearsons, Mrs. D. K ., Memorial Endowment 50,000.00 2,867.34 6,359.00 100.00 Pelton, George Austin, Memorial Fd. 100.00 5.28 100.00 Penfield, W. W., Fund 100.00 5.28 2,400.00 Pitkin Memorial Fund 2,400.00 126.67 5,000.00 Poor, S. B., Memorial Fund 5,000.00 263.91 1,000.00 Porter, H. D., Scholarship for Nurses 1,000.00 52.78 10,000.00 Potter, Eliza A., Fund 10,000.00 527.82 4,259.85 202,957.39 Proctor, H. H., Retired Missionary Fund 202,957.39 10,712.29 400.00 Rice, A. J., Memorial Fund 400.00 21.11 3,215.30 Richards, Cyrus S., Fund 3,385.01 169.71 10,118.70 Riggs, Barnum, Memorial Fund 10,652.78 534.08 428.56 Rogers, D. Miner, Memorial Fund 428.56 22.62 16,000.00 Sage, Sarah R., Fund 16,000.00 844.50

$813,820.15 Amounts carried forward $830,967.99 $42,302.77 $20,167.91 252 Report of the Treasurer

TRUST FUNDS — Continued

Principal Principal Income Income Sept. 1. 1923 Aug. 31, 1924 for year Bal. Aug 31, 1924

$813,820.15 Amounts brought forward $830,967.99 $42,302.77 $20,167.91 317.24 Samokov Collegiate and Theo. Institute Fund 333.98 16.74 486.00 Satara Orphanage F und 486.00 25.65 1,961.52 Schneider, Benj., Memorial Fund 1,961.52 103.53 100.00 Scudder, Samuel H., Fund 100.00 5.28 500.00 Sedgwick, Henry, Fund 500.00 26.39 600.00 Severance, Solon, Scholarship 600.00 31.67 13.91 Shepard Memorial Fund 14.64 .73 1,000.00 Smith, A. H., Scholarship for Nurses 1,000.00 52.78 25,000.00 Smith, Eliza D., Memorial Fund 25,000.00 1,319.53 1,000.00 Smith, Robert Stedman, Memorial Fund 1,000.00 52.78 31,706.69 Smith, William White, Fund 31,706.69 1,673.51 4,063.00 South Dennis Congregational Church Society F und 4,063.00 214.45 600.00 Stanton, Mrs. Nellie Buttrick, Fund 600.00 31.67 2,000.00 Stevens, Mary Edlund, Fund 2,000.00 105.56 1,000.00 Strong, Lieut. Ellsworth O., Fund 1,000.00 52.78 11,501.45 Talas Hospital Insurance Fund 12,108.51 607.06 5,000.00 Talcott, Horace Gardner, Fund 5,000.00 263.91 3,223.43 Tarsus Church Building 3,393.56 170.13 43,897.41 Telfeyan Fund 43,897.41 2,316.95 1,421.96 Tientsin Building Fund 4,005.70 84.54 3,954.63 Tientsin Church Lease Fund 4,163.36 208.73 1,000.00 Tucker, Emma B., Scholarship 1,000.00 52.78 3,500.00 Tufts Fund 3,500.00 184.73 5,580.55 Unclaimed Remittance Fund 5,418.98 291.32 363.89 Union Theol. Seminary, Manila Fund 26,500.00 12,440.23 Ussher, E. B., Memorial Hospital Fd. 13,123.46 656.91 14,151.27 Van College Fund 14,829.32 744.87 2,175.94 Van Mission Fund 2,290.79 114.85 1,683.49 Vlanga Church Fund 1,772.34 88.85 1,635.00 Washburn Scholarship 1,635.00 86.29 389.00 Welsh Scholarship 389.00 20.53 1,000.00 Wentworth, Albert, Fund 1,000.00 52.78 1,000.00 White, Charles E., Fund 1,000.00 52.78 31,179.00 Wilde, Samuel, Fund 31,179.00 1,645.66 1,000.00 Williams-Porter Hospital Fund 1,000.00 52.78 1,000.00 Wilmette Service Scholarship 1,000.00 52.78 3,000.00 William Hospital Endowment 3,000.00 158.34

$1,033,901.87 Amounts carried forward $1,082,540.25 $53,923.39 $20,531.80 Report of the Treasurer 253

TRUST FUNDS — Continued

Principal Principal Income Income Sept. 1, 1923 Aug. 31, 1924 for year Bal. Aug. 31, 1924 $1,033,901.87 Amounts brought forward $1,082,540.25 $53,923.39 $20,531.80 12,000.00 W. B. M. I. Conditional Gift Fund 12,000.00 633.38 (Paid to Life Beneficiaries, $575.00) 1,000.00 W. B. M. P. Conditional G ift Fund 52.78 7,527.25 Woman’s Medical Mission Endow. Fd. 7,527.25 397.30 350.00 Wood, Elizabeth Richards, Mem­ orial Fund 350.00 18.47 660.68 Zeleny Fund 695.55 34.87

$1,055,439.80 $1,103,113.05 $55,060.19 $20,531.80

*Debit to income RECEIPTS OF THE BOARD

(The following table exhibits the income of the Board from all sources since its organization)

For the year ending For the year ending

September 1811...... $ 999.52 August 31. 1867...... $437,884.77 August 31, 1812...... 13,611.50 1868...... 535,838.64 «» *» 1813...... 11,361.16 1869...... 525,214.95 4< »» 1814...... 12,265.58 1870...... 461,058.42 4« «« 1815...... 9,493.89 1871...... 429,160.60 1C «( 1816...... 12,501.03 1872...... 1817...... 29,948.63 1873...... 431,844.81 1818...... 34,727.72 1874...... 478,256.51 1819...... 37,520.63 1875...... 476,028.19 1820...... 39,994.45 1876...... 465,442.40 1821...... 46,354.95 1877...... 441,391.45 1822...... 60,087.87 1878...... 482,204.73 1823...... 55,758.94 1879...... 518,386.06 1824...... 47,483.58 1880...... 613,539.51 1825...... 55,716.18 1881...... 691,245.16 1826...... 61.616.25 1882...... 651,976.84 1827...... 88,341.89 1883...... 590,995 67 1828...... 102,009.64 1884...... 588,353.51 1829...... 106,928.26 1885...... 625,832.54 1830...... 83,019.37 1886...... 658,754.42 1831...... 100,934.09 1887...... 679,573.79 1832...... 130,574.12 1888...... 665.712.21 1833...... 145.847.77 1889...... 685,111.33 1834...... 152,386.10 1890...... 762,585.63 July 31. 1835...... 163,340.19 1891...... 824,325.50 1836...... 176,232.15 1892...... 840,804.72 1837...... 252,076.55 1893...... 679,285.94 1838...... 236,170.98 1894...... 705,132.70 1839...... 244,691.82 1895...... 716,837.17 1840...... 241,691.04 1896...... 743,104.59 1841...... 235,189.30 1897...... 642,781.07 1842...... 318,396.53 1898...... 687,208.89 1843...... 244,254.43 1899...... 644,200.89 1844...... 236,394.37 1900...... 737,957.38 1845...... 255,112.96 1901...... 697,370.90 1846...... 262,073.55 1902...... 845,105.85 1847...... 211,402.76 1903...... 740,777.17 1848...... 254.056.46 1904...... 725,315.90 1849...... 291,705 27 1905...... 752,149.75 1850...... 251,862.21 1906...... 913,159.64 1851...... 274,902.28 1907...... 920,384.09 1852...... 301.732.20 1908...... 837,999.15 1853...... 314,922.88 1909...... 953,573.69 1854...... 305,778.84 1910...... 9iT5.414.3fr 1855...... 310,427.77 1911...... 1,032,025.75 1856...... 307,318.69 1912...... 1,062,442.98 1857...... 388,932.69 1913...... 1,044,687.82 1858...... 334,018.48 1914...... _ l j m j U 8.21 1859...... 350.915.45 1915...... 1,101,570.47 1860...... 429,799.08 1916...... 1,207,126.54 August 31 , 1861...... 340,522.56 1917...... 1.247,715.99 1862...... 339,080.56 1918...... 1.351,944.96 1863...... 397,079.71 1919...... L523,302.59 “ “ 1864...... 531,985.67 1920...... 1,651.547.00 «» « 1865...... 534,763.33 1921...... 1,967,492.00 1866...... 446.942.44 192 2 ..... 192 3 ...... 1,910,073.60 192 4 ...... 2,006.600.65 MISSIONARIES OF THE AMERICAN BOARD

(The following list presents the names of missionaries now in connection with the Board in the field or expecting to return, giving the year in which they went out, and the missions with which they are connected. Post-office addresses are given in the American Board Year Book of Missions.)

Missionaries Went Out South Africa Mission Miss Fanny E. Ellener 1920 Zulu Branch Rev. Frank T. Meacham 1921 Missionaries Went Out Mrs. Doris V. Meacham 1921 Miss Mabel E. Larkins 1922 Mrs. Mary K. Edwards 1868 Miss Fidelia Phelps 1884 West Central Africa Mission Rev. Charles N. Ransom 1890 1890 Mrs. Susan H. C. Ransom Rev. William H. Sanders 1880 Rev. George B. Cowles 1893 Mrs. Sarah Bell Sanders 1888 1893 Mrs. A m y B. Cowles Mrs. Marion M. Webster 1887 1897 Rev. Frederick B. Bridgman Miss Helen J. Melville 1893 1897 M rs. Clara Davis Bridgman Mrs. Am y J. Currie 1893 1899 James B. McCord, M. D. Miss Margaret W . Melville 1895 1899 Mrs. Margaret M. McCord Miss Emma C. Redick 1900 Rev. James D. Taylor 1899 Miss Elizabeth B. Campbell 1902 Mrs. Katherine M. Taylor 1899 Rev. Merlin W . Ennis 1903 1901 Miss Caroline E. Frost Mrs. Elizabeth L. Ennis 1907 1901 Rev. Albert E. LeRoy Rev. Henry A. Neipp 1904 Mrs. Rhoda A. LeRoy 1901 Mrs. Frederica L. Neipp 1904 1906 Mrs. Katherine S. Maxwell William Cammack, M. D. 1906 Mr. K. Robert Brueckner 1911 Mrs. Libbie S. Cammack. M. D. 1906 Mrs. Dorothea K. Brueckner 1915 Rev. William B. Bell 1907 1912 Rev. Henry A. Stick Mrs. Lena H . Bell 1907 1912 Mrs. Bertha H. Stick Rev. Henry S. Hollenbeck, M. D. 1909 1912 Miss May E. Tebbatt Miss Janette E. Miller 1910 1914 Rev. Ralph E. Abraham Mr. F. Sidney Dart 1911 1914 Mrs. Clara N. Abraham Mrs. Clara I. Dart 1911 1915 Rev. Arthur F. Christofersen Rev. John T. Tucker 1913 1915 Mrs. Julia R. Christofersen Mrs. Leona S. Tucker 1919 1916 Miss Minnie E. Carter Fred E. Stokey, M. D. 1913 1918 Mr. Wesley C. Atkins Rev. Daniel A. Hastings 1915 1918 M rs. Edna S. Atkins Mrs. Laura B. Hastings 1915 1918 Rev. Ray E. Phillips Miss Elizabeth S. Mackenzie 1919 1918 Mrs. Dora L. Phillips Rev Henry C. McDowell 1919 1919 M r. Albert J. Hicks M rs. Bessie F. McDowell 1919 1919 Mrs. Grace S. Hicks Miss Elizabeth W . Read 1919 1920 Rev. Harwood B. Catlin Rev. J. Arthur Steed 1919 1920 Mrs. Laura C. Catlin Mrs. Edith T. Steed 1919 1920 Miss Anna Clarke Miss Lauretta A. Dibble 1920 Rev. Henry A . Jessop 1921 Reuben S. Hall, M. D. 1920 Mrs. Bernice H. Jessop 1921 Mrs. Beatrice B. Hall 1920 Alan B. Taylor, M D . 1921 Rev. James E. Lloyd 1920 Mrs. Mary B. Taylor 1921 Miss Una J. Minto 1920 Miss Margaret E. Walbridge 1921 Mr. Samuel B. Coles 1922 Mrs. Bertha T. Coles 1922 Mr. Allen E. McAllester Rhodesia Branch 1922 Rev. Gladwyn M. Childs 1924 Miss Sibyl G. Hosking 1924 Rev. George A. Wilder 1880 Miss Mary W . Hurlbut 1924 Mrs. Alice C. Wilder 1880 Miss Esther V. Tholin 1924 William L. Thompson, M. D. 1891 Mrs. Mary E Thompson 1888 The Bulgaria Mission William T. Lawrence. M. D. 1900 Mrs. Florence E. Lawrence 1900 Rev. Edward B. Haskell 1891- Mr. Columbus C. Fuller 1902 Mrs. Elizabeth F. Haskell 1904 Mrs. Julia B. Fuller 1902 Rev. William P. Clarke 1891 Miss Minnie Clarke 1907 Mrs. Martha G. Clarke 1900 M r. Arthur J. Orner 1909 Miss Agnes M . Baird igpg Mrs. Dorothy H . Orner 1912 Miss Elizabeth C. Clarke 1399 Rev. John P. Dysart 1911 Rev. Theodore T. Holway 1901 Mrs. Mathilde T. Dysart 1918 Mrs. Charlotte T. Holway 1922 Miss Minnie A. Tontz 1913 Rev. Leroy F. Ostrander 1902 Mr. Emory D. Alvord 1919 Mrs. Mary R. Ostrander 1902 Mrs. Berenice M . Alvord 1919 Miss Inez L. Abbott 1907 Miss Ivy E. Craig 1920 Rev. Wm. C. Cooper 1909 Rev. Frederick R. Dixon 1920 Mrs. Eugenia F. Cooper 1912 Mrs. Madeline H. Dixon 1920 Miss Edith L. Douglass 1911' 255 256 Missionaries of the Board

Missionaries Went Out Missionaries Went Out

M rs. Alma S. Woodruff 1911 Jesse K . Marden, D . M . 1910 Rev. Reuben H. Markham 1912 Mrs. Lucy K. Marden 1904 Mrs. Mary G. Markham 1912 Miss Annie E. Pinneo 1910 Mr. Herbert B. King 1913 Cyril H. Haas, M. D. 1910 Mrs. Mary M. King 1913 Mrs. Ruth D. Haas 1910 Miss Helen M. Crockett 1920 Miss Isabelle Harley 1911 Miss Mabel E. Long 1920 Miss Theda B. Phelps 1911 Miss Margaret B. Haskell. 1924 Rev. Ernest Pye 1911 Mrs. DeEtta Pye 1911 The Turkey Mission Rev. J. Riggs Brewster 1912 Mrs. Ethel B. Brewster 1915 Rev. J. Henry House 1872 Mr. Luther R. Fowle 1912 Mrs. Addie B. House 1872 Mrs. Helen C. Fowle 19U Rev. William N. Chambers 1879 Miss Bertha B. Morley 1912 M rs. Cornelia P. Chambers 1879 Rev. Cass Arthur Reed 1912 Mrs. Etta D. Marden 1881 Mrs. Rosalind M. Reed 1912 Mr. William W. Peet 1881 Miss Grace C. Towner 1912 Miss Emily McCallum 1883 Rev. James K. Lyman 1913 Rev. James P. McNaughton 1887 M rs. Bessie M . Lyman 1913 Mrs. Rebecca G. McNaughton 1885 Mrs. Elvesta T. Leslie 1913 Miss Ellen M. Blakely . 1885 Miss Myrtle O. Shane 1913 Miss Elizabeth S. Webb 1886 Miss Ruth A. Parmelee, M. D. 1914 Miss Mary G. Webb 1890 Rev. J. Kingsley Birge 1914 Miss Anna B. Jones 1890 Mrs. Anna H. Birge 1914 R ev Frederic W . MacCallum 1890 Rev. John H . Kingsbury 1915 Mrs. Henrietta W. MacCallum 1890 Mrs. Ruth B. Kingsbury 1919 Rev. Alexander MacLachlan 1890 Miss Ethel W . Putney 1915 Mrs. Rose B. MacLachlan 1891 Rev. Joseph W . Beach 1919 Rev. George E. White 1890 Mrs. Blanche E. Beach 1922 Mrs. Esther B. White 1890 Mr. Carl C. Compton 1919 Rev. John C. Martin 1891 Mrs. Ruth McG. Compton 1917 M rs. M ary C. Martin 1891 Albert W. Dewey. M. D. 1919 Miss Elizabeth M. Trowbridge 1891 Mrs Flsie G. Dewey 1919 Miss Caroline F. Hamilton, M. D. 1892 Miss Louise M. Clark 1919 Miss Lucile Foreman 1894 Rev. Paul E. Nilson 1919 Miss Use C. Pohl 1894 Mrs. Harriet F. Nilson 1919 Miss Annie M. Barker 1894 Lorrin A. Shepard, M . D . 1919 Mr. Caleb W. Lawrence 1896 Mrs. Virginia M. Shepard 1919 Mrs. Helen L. Lawrence 1904 Rev. Wm. Sage Woolworth, Jr. 1919 Miss Minnie B. Mills 1897 Mrs. Pauline M . Woolworth 1920 Miss Charlotte R. Willard 1897 Miss Olive Greene 1919 Mr. Samuel L. Caldwell 1898 Miss Lena L. I.ietzau 1919 Mrs. Carrie B. Caldwell 1898 Mr. Theodore D. Riggs 1919 Rev. John E. Merrill 1898 Mrs. Winifred C. Riggs 1919 Mrs. Isabel T. Merrill 1900 Miss Grace M. Elliott 1920 Miss Mary E. Kinney 1899 Rev. R. Finney Markham 1920 Rev. Ernest C. Partridge 1900 Mrs. Evangeline Markham 1920 Mrs. Winona G. Partridge 1900 Rev. Merrill N. Isely 1920 Rev. Charles T. Riggs 1900 Mrs. Mildred M. Isely 1920 Mrs. Mary S. Riggs 1900 Miss Lillian C. Brauer 1920 Miss Mary L. Ward 1900 Miss Jessie E. Martin 1920 Miss Grisell M . McLaren 1900 Miss Hazel K. Hotson 1921 Miss Annie E. Gordon 1901 Wilson F. Dodd. M. D. 1922 Miss Stella N . Loughridge 1901 Mrs. Mary B. Dodd 1922 Miss Susan W. Orvis 1902 Rev. William E. Hawkes 1923 Miss Adelaide S. Dwight 1902 Miss Edith M . Sanderson 1923 Rev. Henry H. Riggs 1902 Rev. Leslie J. Adkins 1924 Mrs. Annie D. Riggs 1919 Mrs. Caroline G. Adkins 1924 Miss Mary W. Riggs 1902 Miss Lucille E. Day 1924 Charles Ernest Clark, M. D. 1903 Mrs. Mary P. Nute 1908 Mrs. Ina V. Clark 1903 William L. Nute, M. D. 1924 Mr. Dana K. Getchell 1903 Rev. Edward T. Perry 1924 Mrs. Susan Riggs Getchell 1892 Mrs. Gwendolyn S. Perry 1924 Rev. Herbert M. Irwin 1903 Rev. Lee Vrooman 1924 Mrs. Genevieve D. Irwin 1903 Mrs. Helen S. Vrooman 1924 Miss Nina E . Rice 1903 Rev. Walter B. Wiley 1924 Miss Jeannie I-. Jillson 1904 Mrs. Edith M. Wiley 1924 Mrs. Lillian C. Sewny 1904 Miss Harriet C. Norton 1905 Marathi Mission Rev. Fred F. Goodsell 1907 Mrs. Lulu S. Goodsell 1907 Miss Ellen W. Catlin 1908 Mrs. Hepzibeth P. Bruce 1862 Miss Kate E. Ainslie 1908 Rev. Robert A. Hume 1874 Rev. Harrison A. Maynard 1908 Mrs. Kate F. Hume 1882 Mrs. Mary W. Maynard 1908 Rev. Henry Fairbank 1886 M iss Caroline Pilliman 1908 Mrs. Mary E. Fairbank 1894 Miss Clara C. Richmond 1909 M iss Emily R. Bissell 1886 Missionaries of the Board 257

Missionaries Went Out Missionaries Went Ou

Miss Anna L. Millard 1887 Rev. Albert J. Saunders 1913 Miss Jean P. Gordon 1890 M rs. Jessie M. Saunders 1913 Miss Belle Nugent 1890 Miss Katharine B. Scott, M. D. 1914 Rev. Edward Fairbank 1893 Mr. Lloyd L. Lorbeer 1915 Mrs. Mary C. Fairbank 1893 Mrs. Elva H. Lorbeer 1915 Miss Esther B. Fowler 1893 Rev. James M. Hess 1915 Rev. William Hazen 1900 Mrs. Mildred W. Hess 1915 Mrs. Florence H. Hazen 1900 Miss Katie Wilcox 1915 Lester H. Beals, M. D. 1902 Rev. Azel A. Martin 1915 Mrs. Rose Fairbank Beals, M. D. 1905 Mrs. Emma W. Martin 1916 Miss Ruth P. Hume, M. D. 1903 Rev. Edward L. Nolting 1916 Rev. Alden H. Clark 1904 Mrs. Rosa W. Nolting 1916 Mrs. Mary W. Clark 1904 Miss Edith M. Coon 1916 Mrs. Annie H. Burr 1907 Miss Bertha K. Smith 1917 Miss Clara H . Bruce ' 1907 Rev. Emmons E. White 1917 Rev. Arthur A. McBride 1908 Mrs. Ruth P. White 1917 Mrs. Elizabeth V. McBride 1907 Miss Mary M. Rogers 1918 Miss Elizabeth Johnson 1908 Rev. Raymond A. Dudley 1919 Miss Gertrude Harris 1910 Mrs. Katherine C. Dudley 1919 Rev. Edward W. Felt 1911 Edward W. Wilder, M. D. 1921 Mrs. Rachel C. Felt 1910 Mrs. Harriet W. Wilder 1921 Miss M . Louise Wheeler 1911 Rev. Clarence E. Wolsted 1922 Rev. Richard S. Rose 1912 Mrs. Mabel E. Wolsted 1922 Mrs. Isabella B. Rose 1916 M r. Bryan S. Stoffer 1923 Rev. James F. Edwards 1914 Mrs. Freida E. Stoffer 1923 Mrs. Katherine V. Gates 1914 Miss Grace M. Rood 1924 Miss Ella C. Hoxie 1914 Miss Florence T. Swan 1924 Miss L. Lillian Picken 1914 Miss Carolyn D. Smiley 1916 Ceylon Mission Rev. Joseph L. Moulton 1918 Mrs. Florence H. Moulton 1918 Miss Susan R. Howland 1873 Rev. Wilbur D. Deming 1919 Miss Isabella H. Curr, M. D. 1896 Mrs. Elsie S. Deming 1919 Mrs. Clara P. Brown 1899 Walter F. Hume, M. D. 1919 Rev. John Bicknell 1902 Mrs. Florence M. Hume 1919 Mrs. Nellie L. Bicknell 1902 Rev. William H. McCance 1921 Mr. Arthur A. Ward 1903 Mrs. M ary B. M cCance 1921 Mrs. Alice B. Ward 1903 Miss Ruth V. Simpson 1921 Mr. Wm. E. Hitchcock 1908 Miss Ruth A. Andrews 1923 Mrs. Hattie H. Hitchcock 1908 Miss G. Marion Holland 1923 Miss Lulu G. Bookwalter 1914 Miss Gertrude Avery 1924 Mr. Charles W. Miller 1912 Miss Elizabeth Cairns 1924 Mrs. Edith G. Miller 1905 Miss Aimee E. Krook 1924 Miss Lucy K. Clark 1915 Mr. Carl W. Phelps 1921 Madura Mission Mrs. Mary M. Phelps 1920 William J. Jameson, M. D. 1922 Rev. John S. Chandler 1873 Mrs. Gladys T. Jameson 1922 Mrs. Henrietta S. Chandler 1877 Miss Christiana Hodgdon 1923 Mrs. Fanny S. Tracy 1877 Miss Grace M. Vining 1923 Miss Eva M. Swift 1884 Miss Mary N. Root 1877 Foochow Mission Rev. Edward P. Holton 1891 Mrs. Gertrude M. Holton 1894 Rev. George H- Hubbard 1884 Rev. Willis P. Elwood 1891 Mrs. Nellie L. Hubbard 1884 Mrs. Agnes A. Elwood 1891 Hardman N. Kinnear, M. D. 1889 Miss Mary T. Noyes 1892 Mrs. Ellen J. Kinnear 1893 Rev. C. Stanley Vaughan 1893 Rev. Willard L. Beard 1894 Mrs. Harriet P. Vaughan, M . D . 1895 Mrs. Ellen L. Beard 1894 Rev. David S. Herrick 1894 Miss Emily S. Hartwell 1896 Mrs. Dency T. Herrick 1887 Miss Martha Wiley 1900 Rev. William W. Wallace 1897 Rev. Edward H. Smith 1901 Mrs. Genevieve T. Wallace 1897 Mrs. Grace W. Smith 1901 Rev. James H. Dickson 1900 Mr. George M. Newell 1904 Mrs. Frances H. Dickson 1900 Mrs. Mary R. Newell 1906 Rev. John J. Banninga 1901 Miss Elizabeth S. Perkins 1907 Mrs. Mary D. Banninga 1901 Rev. Frederick P. Beach 1910 Rev. John X. Miller 1903 Mrs. Ruth W. Beach 1907 Mrs. Martha M. Miller 1918 M r. Leonard J. Christian 1910 Miss Catherine S. Quickenden 1906 Mrs. Agnes M. Christian 1909 Miss Gertrude E. Chandler 1908 Charles L. Gillette, M. D. 1912 Rev. Burleigh V. Mathews 1908 Mrs. Margaret W. Gillette 1913 Mrs. Pearl C. Mathews 1910 Rev. Clarence A. Neff 1913 Mr. L. Curtis Guise 1911 Miss Laura D. Ward 1914 M rs. N ettie B. Guise 1911 Miss M. Elizabeth Waddell 1915 Mr. James H. Lawson 1911 Miss Bertha H. Allen 1916 Mrs. Frances E. Lawson 1911 Rev. Frederic F. G. Donaldson 1916 Mr. Edgar M. Flint 1912 Mrs. Elaine Strong Donaldson 1912 Mrs. Susanna Q. Flint 1912 Miss Lora G. Dyer. M. D. 1916 258 Missionaries of the Board

Missionaries Went Out Missionaries Went Out

Mr. Roderick Scott 1916 Mrs. Olivia D. Young 1904 Mrs. Agnes K. Scott 1916 Mrs. Alice B. Frame 1905 Rev. Samuel H. Leger 1917 Rev. Lucius C. Porter 1908 Mrs. Mabel M. Leger 1917 Mrs. Lillian D. Porter 1908 Rev. Peter S. Goertz 1918 Rev. Elmer W . Galt 1910 Mrs. Mathilde H. Goertz 1918 Mrs. Altie C. Galt 1910 Mr. Arthur E. St. Clair 1918 Rev. Harry S. Martin 1910 Mrs. Ruth Y. St. Clair 1918 Mrs. Rose L. Martin 1910 Miss Eunice T. Thomas 1918 Miss Isabelle Phelps 1910 Rev. William H. Topping 1918 Rev. Robert E. Chandler 1911 Mrs. Elizabeth C. Topping 1918 Mrs. Helen D. Chandler 1911 Rev. Otto G. Reumann 1919 O. Houghton Love, M. D. 1911 Mrs. Martha G. Reumann 1910 Mrs. Caroline M. Love 1911 Miss Rena L. Nutting 1920 Miss Louise E. Miske 1912 Miss Susan E. Armstrong 1921 Rev. Dean R. Wickes 1912 Miss Hazel M. Atwood 1921 Mrs. Fanny S. Wickes 1912 Miss Phebe K . Beard 1921 M r. Jesse B. W olfe 1912 Miss Lucy B. Lanktree 1921 Mrs. Clara H. Wolfe 1912 Miss Alice M. Darrow 1922 Rev. William R. Leete 1913 Miss Lyda S. Houston 1924 Mrs. Anna K. Leete 1913 Mr. Guy A. Thelin 1924 Philippe de Vargas, Ph. D . 1913 Mrs. Amelie de Vargas 1913 Rev. Hugh W . Hubbard Shaowu Mission 1913 Mrs. Mabel E. Hubbard 1907 Miss Carolyn R. Sewall 1913 Edward L. Bliss, M . D . 1892 Rev. Arthur W. Hummel 1914 M rs. Minnie M . Bliss 1898 Mrs. Ruth B. Hummel 1914 Miss Lucy P. Bement, M. D. 1898 Rev. Earle H. Ballou 1916 Miss Frances K. Bement 1898 Mrs. Thelma H. Ballou 1916 Miss Josephine C. Walker 1900 Rev. Harold W . Robinson 1916 Rev. Charles L. Storrs 1904 Mrs. Mary Robinson 1916 Mrs. Mary G. Storrs 1917 Miss Margaret A. Smith 1916 Rev. Edwin D. Kellogg 1909 Miss Grace M. Breck 1917 Mrs. Alice R. Kellogg 1909 Rev. Rowland M. Cross 1917 Rev. Robert W. McClure 1916 Mrs. Adelle T. Cross 1915 Mrs. Jennie G. McClure 1916 Mr. Albert C. Grimes 1917 Mr. Charles H. Riggs 1916 Mrs. Pauline A. Grimes 1917 Mrs. Grace F. Riggs 1916 Miss Alice M. Huggins 1917 Miss Leona L. Burr 1919 Miss Maryette H. Lum 1917 Josephine Kennedy, M. D. 1920 Miss Anne B. Kelley 1918 Miss Louise Meeboid 1920 Rev. Ernest T. Shaw 1918 Miss Dorothy E. Bascom 1922 Mrs. Harriet H. Shaw 1918 Rev. Harold E. LeMay 1923 Miss Hazel F. Bailey 1919 Mrs. Ruby M. LeMay 1923 Miss Grace M. Boynton 1919 Miss Jennie Jacobs 1924 Miss Constance Buell 1919 Rev. James A. Hunter 1919 Mrs. Maud B. Hunter South China 1919 Miss Ruth E. Van Kirk 1919 Miss Laura B. Cross 1920 Miss Edna Lowrey 1907 Miss Jean Dickinson 1920 Rev. Obed S. Johnson 1909 Miss Cleora G. Wannamaker 1921 Mrs. Vida L. Johnson 1907 Miss Esther E. Moody 1922 Miss Esther E. Nelson 1922 North China Mission Mr. Donald Tewksbury 1922 Mrs. Helen P. Tewksbury 1922 Chihli District Miss Elizabeth E. Turner 1922 Miss Marion H . Chatfield 1923 Rev. Chauncey Goodrich 1865 Miss Valley L. Nelson 1924 Miss Mary E. Andrews 1868 Rev. Stephen C. Peabody 1924 M rs. Eleanore W . Sheffield 1869 Mrs. Anne W. Peabody 1924 Rev. Arthur H. Smith 1872 Mrs. Emma D. Smith 1872 Shantung District James H. Ingram, M. D. 1887 Mrs. Myrtle B. Ingram 1895 Miss Luella Miner 1887 Miss Abbie G. Chapin 1893 Miss E. Gertrude Wyckoff 1887 Rev. George D. Wilder 1894 Rev. Charles E. Ewing 1894 Mrs. Gertrude W . Wilder 1893 Mrs. Bessie G. Ewing 1894 Rev. Ho weird S. Galt 1899 Francis F. Tucker, M. D . 1902 Mrs. Louise A. Galt 1899 Mrs. Emma B. Tucker, M. D. 1902 Mr. James H. McCann 1901 Rev. Frank Rawlinson 1902 Mrs. Netta K. McCann 1901 Mrs. Florence L. Rawlinson 1902 Rev. William B. Stelle 1901 Rev. Vinton P. Eastman 1908 Mrs. M . Elizabeth Stelle 1899 Mrs. Florence C. Eastman 1908 Miss Bertha P. Reed 1902 Miss Myra L. Sawyer 1911 M iss Jessie E. Payne 1904 Miss Mabel L. Huggins 1913 Rev. Charles A. Stanley 1904 Miss Ethel M. Long 1913 Mrs. Louise H. Stanley 1904 Rev. Lyman V. Cady 1916 Charles W . Young, M. D. 1904 Mrs. Muriel P. Cady 1916 Missionaries of the Board 259

Missionaries Went Out Missionaries Went Out

Mrs. Genevieve D. Olds 1903 Miss Alice C. Reed 1916 Rev. Edward S. Cobb 1904 Rev. Alfred D. Heininger 1917 Mrs. Florence B. Cobb 1904 Mrs. Erma K. Heininger 1917 Rev. Frank A. Lombard 1904 Mr. Ernest W. Houlding 1919 Mrs. Alice W . Lombard 1911 Mrs. Florence B. Houlding 1919 Miss Grace H. Stowe 1908 Alma L. Cooke, M. D. 1920 Miss Mary E. Stowe 1908 Lois Pendleton, M. D 1920 Miss Estella L. Coe 1911 Rev. Robert B. Whitaker 1920 Miss Edith Curtis 1911 Mrs. Louise G. Whitaker 1920 Miss Katharine Fanning 1914 Rev. Harold S. Matthews 1922 Rev. Marion E. Hall 1915 Mrs. Grace W . Matthews 1922 Mrs. Marjory W . Hall 1915 Miss Alice Cary 1916 Shansi District Rev. Frank Cary 1916 Mrs Rosamond B. Cary 1909 Willoughby A. Hemingway, M. D. 1903 Rev. Sherwood F. Moran 1916 Mrs. Mary E. Hemingway 1903 Mrs. Ursul R. Moran 1916 Rev. Paul L. Corbin 1904 Miss Sarah M. Field 1917 Mrs. Miriam L. Corbin 1904 Miss Edith E. Husted 1917 Miss Flora K. Heebner 1904 Mr Darley Downs 1919 Rev. Watts O. Pye 1907 Mrs. Portia L. Downs 1923 Mrs. Gertrude C. Pye 1909 Miss Eleanor L. Burnett 1920 Percy T. Watson, M. D. 1909 Rev. Aaron W. Downs 1920 Mrs. Clara F. Watson 1909 Mrs. Jessie G. Downs 1920 R ev. W ynn C. Fairfield 1910 Mr. Harold W. Hackett 1920 Mrs. Daisie G. Fairfield 1907 Mrs. Anna P. Hackett 1920 Miss Grace E. McConnaughey 1910 Miss Isabelle McCausland 1920 Miss Josephine E. Horn 1915 Rev. Clarence S. Gillett 1921 Miss Alzina C. Munger 1915 Mrs. Marion M. Gillett 1921 Miss Alma M. Atzel , 1916 Mr. Leeds Gulick 1921 Miss Clara A. Nutting, M. D. 1917 Mrs. Gladys R. Gulick 1922 Miss Mary L. McClure 1918 Rev. William P. Woodard 1921 Miss Cora M. Walton 1918 Mrs. Harriet M. Woodard 1921 Miss Gladys M. Williams 1918 Miss Grace E. Babcock 1922 Rev. Phillip D . Dutton 1919 Miss Stella M . Graves 1922 Mrs. Helen W. Dutton 1919 Miss Alice E. Gwinn 1922 Miss Gertrude E. Kellogg 1919 Miss Rosamond H. Clark 1924 Miss Helen Dizney 1920 Miss Ethel Gulick 1924 Rev Paul R. Reynolds 1921 Miss Fina C. Ott 1923 Mrs. Charlotte B. Reynolds 1921 Miss Gertrude N. Wood 1921 Jean R. Curran, M . D . 1923 Mrs. Frances R. Curran 1923 Micronesia Mission Mr. Winfield A. McLean 1923 Mrs. Elizabeth H. McLean 1923 Miss Jessie R. Hoppin 1890 Miss Katherine Reynolds 1923 Miss Elizabeth Baldwin 1898 Miss Helen Gallagher 1924 Miss Jane D . Baldwin 1898

Japan Mission

Mrs. Agnes D. Gordon 1872 Mission to the Philippines Rev. Dwight W. Learned 1875 Mrs. Florence H. Learned 1875 Rev. Irving M. Channon 1890 Miss Susan A . Searle 1883 Mrs. Mary G. Channon 1890 Miss Cornelia Judson 1886 Rev Frank J. Woodward 1911 Rev. George M. Rowland 1886 Mrs. Marion W. Woodward 1909 Mrs. Helen A. Rowland 1886 Floyd O. Smith, M. D. 1913 Mrs. Jennie P. Stanford 1886 Rev. Frank C. Laubach 1915 Rev. Samuel C. Bartlett 1887 Mrs. Effie S. Laubach 1915 Mrs. Fanny G. Bartlett 1887 Rev. Julius S. Augur 1916 Miss Annie L. Howe 1887 Mrs. Gertrude E. Augur 1916 Rev. Horatio B. Newell 1887 Miss Anna I. Fox 1918 Mrs. Jane C. Newell 1888 Miss Florence L. Fox 1920 Miss Gertrude Cozad 1888 Roy E. St. Clair, M . D . 1920 Miss Mary F. Denton 1888 Mrs. Florence E. St. Clair 1920 Miss Fanny E. Griswold 1889 Miss Grace Evelyn Fox 1923 Rev. Hilton Pedley 1889 Mrs. Martha J. Pedley 1887 Rev. William L. Curtis 1890 Mrs. Grace L. Curtis 1916 Mission to Spain Miss Alice P. Adams 1891 Rev. Henry J. Bennett 1901 Rev. Wayne H. Bowers 1913 Mrs. Anna J. Bennett 1905 Mrs. Margaret C. Bowers 1913 Miss Olive S. Hoyt 1902 Rev. Charles M. Warren 1902 Mrs. Cora Keith Warren 1899 Mission to Czechoslovakia Miss Charlotte B. DeForest 1903 Rev. C. Burnell Olds 1903 Rev. John S. Porter 1891 260 Missionaries of the Board

Missionaries Went Out Missionaries Went Out

Mission to Mexico Miss Margarita Wright 1919 R ev. Cedric E . Crawford 1921 Rev. John Howland 1892 M rs. Jessie B. Crawford 1921 Mrs. Sara B. Howland 1882 Rev. Howard C. Champe 1923 Rev. Alfred C. Wright 1886 Mrs. Eleanor L. Champe 1923 Mrs. Annie C. Wright 1886 Miss Gladys R. Thompson 1923 M iss N ellie O. Prescott 1888 Miss Julia M . Wagner 1923 Miss Mary B. Dunning 1889 Rev. James B. Benson 1924 Miss Lora F. Smith 1910 Mrs. Ruth K. Benson 1924 ROLL OF HONOR RETIRED MISSIONARIES WHO HAVE GIVEN TWENTY-FIVE OR MORE YEARS OF ACTIVE SERVICE

Abbott, Rev. Justin E. D . D ...... 1881-1910 29 years Marathi, India Aiken, Rev. Edwin E ...... 1885-1912 27 “ North China Allchin, Rev. George ...... 1882-1920 38 “ Japan Ament, Mrs. Mary P* ...... 1877-1885 1888-1919 39 “ North China Baldwin, Rev. Theodore A ...... 1867-1909 42 “ Western Turkey Ballantine, Rev. Wm. O., M. D ...... 1875-1922 47 “ Marathi, India Ballantine, Mrs. Josephine ...... 1885-1922 37 “ Marathi, India Barrows, Miss Martha J...... 1876-1924 48 “ Japan Berry, Dr. John C ...... 1871-1896 25 “ Japan Berry, Mrs. Maria G ...... 24 “ Japan Bradshaw, Miss Annie H ...... 1888-1924 36 “ Japan Browne, Rev. John K ...... 37 “ Eastern Turkey Bruce, Mrs. Hepzibeth P...... 1862-1910 48 “ Marathi, India Cary, Rev. Otis, D. D ...... 1878-1920 42 “ Japan Cary, Mrs. Ellen M ...... 42 “ Japan Chapin, Rev. Franklin M ...... 26 “ North China Chittenden, Miss Caroline E ...... 1892-1917 25 “ Foochow Christie, Mrs. Carmelite B. 1877-1920 43 “ Central Turkey Clark, Mrs. Ruth E ...... 34 Czechoslovakia Clark, Rev. Cyrus A ...... 1887-1924 37 “ Japan Cole, Miss Harriet L ...... 26 “ European Turkey Cole, Rev. Royal M ...... 1868-1907 39 “ Eastern Turkey Dewey, Mrs. Seraphina S...... 1877-1920 43 “ Eastern Turkey Dodd, Miss Isabella...... 1882-1909 27 " Western Turkey Eaton, Rev. James D .f D. D ...... 1882-1912 30 “ Mexico Eaton, Mrs. Gertrude C ...... 1882-1912 30 “ Mexico Edwards, Mrs. Mary K ...... 1868-1920 52 “ Natal, South Africa Gates, Mrs. Frances H ...... 1875-1923 48 “ Marathi, India Goodenough, Rev. Herbert D ...... 1881-1913 32 “ Natal, South Africa Goodenough, Mrs. Caroline...... 1881-1912 31 “ Natal, South Africa Gordon, Mrs. Agnes D ...... 1872-1924 52 “ Japan Graf, Miss Johanna L ...... 1894-1902 26 “ Eastern Turkey Gulick, Mrs. Frances S...... 1875-1900 25 “ Japan Gulick, Miss Julia A. E ...... 1874-1908 34 “ Japan Gulick, Rev. Sidney L., D. D ...... 1887-1913 26 “ Japan Gulick, Mrs. Cara M ...... 1887-1913 26 “ Japan Haskell, Mrs. Margaret B...... 1862-1872 1887-1912 35 “ European Turkey Haskell, Miss Mary M ...... 1890-1918 28 “ Balkans Herrick, Rev. George F., D. D ...... 1859-1911 52 “ Western Turkey Hubbard, Mrs. Emma R ...... 1873-1920 29 “ Western Turkey Jones, Mrs. Sara H ...... 1878-1914 36 “ Madura, India Jeffery, Mrs. M aude B...... 1890-1921 31 “ Madura, India Knapp, Mrs. Anna J...... 1890-1915 25 “ Eastern Turkey Lee, Rev. Lucius O...... 1880-1910 30 “ Central Turkey Locke, Mrs. Zoe A. M ...... 1868-1893 25 “ European Turkey Marsh, Mrs. Ursula C...... 1868-1915 47 “ European Turkey Matthews, Miss Mary L ...... 1888-1920 32 “ Balkans Parmelee, Miss H. Frances...... 1877-1887 1891-1924 43 “ Japan Patrick, Miss Mary Mills ...... 1871-1909 38 “ Western Turkey Peet, Rev. Lyman P...... 1888-1916 28 “ Foochow, China Peet, Mrs. Caroline K ...... 1888-1916 28 “ Foochow, China Perkins, Rev. James C ...... 1885-1914 29 “ Madura, India Perkins, Rev. Henry P...... 28 “ North China Perkins, Mrs. Estella L ...... 1885-1910 25 “ Perry, Rev. Henry, D. D ...... 1866-1913 47 " Western Turkey Pettee, Mrs. Belle W ...... 1878-1922 44 “ Japan Porter, Miss Mary H ...... 1868-1886 1894-1911 35 “ North China Pratt, Miss Clarissa H ...... 1875-1902 27 “ Eastern Turkey Price, Miss Martha E ...... 39 “ Natal, South Africa Prime, Miss Ida W ...... 1884-1909 25 “ Western Turkey Riggs, Mrs. Sarah D ...... 46 “ Western Turkey Smith, Mrs. Emily F...... 27 “ Ceylon Smith, Mrs. Sarah S...... 40 “ Western Turkey Smith, Rev. James ...... 1879-1911 32 “ Marathi, India Smith, Mrs. Maud ...... 1879-1911 32 “ Marathi, India Stone, Miss Ellen ...... 1878-1903 25 " European Turkey Stover, Mrs. Bertha D ...... 38 “ West Central Africa Thomson, Mrs. Agnes C ...... 39 “ European Turkey Taylor, Mrs. Mary S...... 39 “ Japan

2 6 1 262 Retired Missionaries

Trowbridge, Mrs. Margaret R ...... 1861-1919 58 Turkey Ussher, Dr. Clarence D ...... <.. 1898-1923 25 Eastern Turkey Washburn, Rev. George T ...... 1860-1900 40 Madura, India Webb, Miss Anna F...... 1882-1921 29 Spain Wingate, Rev. Henry K ...... 1893-1920 27 Western Turkey Wingate, Mrs. Jane C ...... 1887-1917 30 Western Turkey White, Rev. Schyler...... 1890-1919 29 Japan White, Mrs. Ida M ...... 1888-1919 31 Japan Winsor, Mrs. Mary C ...... 1870-1915 45 Marathi, India Woodhull, Miss Kate C. (M. D .) ...... 1884-1912 28 Foochow, China Woodin, Mrs. Sarah L ...... 1859-1895 36 Foochow, China Woodside, Rev. Thomas W ...... 1888-1919 31 West Central Africa Woodside, Mrs. Emma D ...... 1888-1919 31 West Central Africa

NECROLOGY — 1924

MISSIONARIES

D ate of Place Name Term of Mission Death Service

January 20 Oberlin, O. Caroline M. Telford (B) 1890-1896 Japan February 13 India Mrs. Edith H. Smith (B) 1915-1924 Marathi March 17 Berkeley, California Mrs. Frederic L. Kingsbury 1880-1898 Bulgaria March 18 Berkeley, California Frederic L . Kingsbury, M .D . 1880-1898 Bulgaria April 25 Nashua, N. H. Miss H. Juliette Gilson (B) 1895-1914 South Africa M ay 2 Berea, K y. Rev. Charles H . Burr 1907-1924 Marathi June 16 Brighton, Staten Island Rev. Marshall R. Gaines 1884-1889 Japan June 28 Lorain, O. Rev. Franklin E. Jeffery 1890-1921 Madura July 27 London, Eng. Mrs. Kathleen E. Simango 1923-1924 West Africa July 30 Weston, Mass. Miss Fanny E. Burrage (B) 1880-1917 Western Turkey August 29 Prague Mrs. John S. Porter 1893-1924 Czechoslovakia September 14 Glendale, California Henry T. Whitney, M. D. 1877-1919 Foochow December 9 Cagayan, Mindanao, P.I. Mrs. Bessie H . Smith 1913-1924 Philippines December 25 Forest Grove Ore. Mrs. Lizzie C. Cole 1868-1907 Eastern Turkey

CORPORATE LIFE MEMBERS

Name Residence Term of Service Rev. Motier A. Bullock Lincoln, Nebraska 1894—1924 Rev. Caspar W . Hiatt Peoria, Illinois 1895—1924 Rev. Payson W . Lyman Fall River, Mass. 1898-1924 Rev. Newman Smyth, D. D. New Haven, Conn. 1897-1924

CORPORATE MEMBER AT LARGE

Mr. Edwin H. Baker New York City 1889-1923 CORPORATE MEMBERS OF THE BOARD

LIFE MEMBERS

(The year of election is indicated by the date following each name.)

Rev. William E. Barton, Foxboro, Mass. 1901 Lowell E. Jepson, Minneapolis, Minn. 1901 Pres. David N . Beach, Guilford, Conn. 1889 Frank S. Jones, New Y ork C ity 1901 Rev. Charles C. Creegan, Northfield, Vt. 1889 Thomas C. MacMillan, La Grange, 111. 1901 Rev. Harry P. Dewey, Minneapolis, Rev. Frank B .Makepeace, Granby, Conn. 1897 Minn. 1902 Rev. Calvin B. Moody, Kansas City, Mo. 1898 David Fales, Lake Forest, 111. 1895 Rev. Albert F. Pierce, Boston, M ass. 1897 Rev. W illiam P. Fisher, Tucson, Ariz. 1884 Rev. William H. Pound, New Smyrna, Fla. 1897 Hon. James M. W . Hall, Newton Center, Rev. Newman Smyth, New Haven, Conn. 1897 Mass. 1889 Charles E. Swett, Winchester, Mass. 1896 Miss Caroline Hazard, Peace Dale, R. I. 1899 Rev. William H. Woodwell, Kensington, Rev. Newell D . Hillis, Greenwich, Conn. 1900 M d. 1895

MEMBERS-AT-LARGE

(The term is six years. The year of the first election and of the last is given.)

Arizona Illinois

Mr. Moses B. Haieltine, Prescott 1623 Hon. Henry W. Austin, Oak Park 1913,1919 Mr. Myron Jay Carpenter, 303 South 5th California Ave., La Grange 1913,1919 Mrs. George M. Clark, 1217 Forest Ave., Rev. Charles F. Aked, Los Angeles 1923 Evanston 1919 Pres. James A. Blaisdell, Claremont 1915,1921 Pres. 0. S. Davis, 5725 Blackstone Ave., Mr. Charles E. Harwood, Upland 1910,1923 Chicago .1909,1919 Rev. H. H. Kelsey, 760 Market St., San Mr. Andrew R. Dole, care of H. M. Hooker Francisco 1915,1921 4 Co., Washington Boulevard, Chicago 1921 Mr. Frederick W . Lyman, 380 Waverly Mr. H. A. Dubois, Cobden 1923 Drive, Pasadena 1905,1921 Mr. Henry J. Dunbaugh, 1338 No. Dear­ Mr. George W. Marston, 1210 Ash St., born St., Chicago 1921 San Diego 1905,1919 Rev. William F. English, Jr., 19 So. La Salle Canada St., Chicago 1921 Mr. Clarence S. Funk, 620 North Euclid Dr. James T. Daley, Coburg, Ont. 1913,1919 Ave., Oak Park 1914,1921 Rev. A. N. Hitchcock, 19 South La Salle Colorado St., Chicago 1892, 1923 Mr. William E. Sweet, 1075 Humboldt Mr. James H. Moore, 4433 Greenwood Ave., St., Denver 1915,1921 Chicago 1910,1921 Connecticut Mr. Myron A. Myers, 46 First St., Hins­ dale 1910,1921 Prof. H. P. Beach, 346 Willow St., New Mr. Robert W. Patton, 624 Circle Ave., Haven 1897, 1923 Highland Park 1915,1921 Rev. C. R. Brown, 233 Edwards St., New Mr. ClarenceS. Pellett, 124 S. Oak Pk. Ave., Haven 1896,1923 Oak Park 1921 Rev. Edward Warren Capen, 146 Sargent Mr. F. E. Reeve, Western Springs, Chicago 1921 St., Hartford 1915,1921 Rev. Wilfred A. Rowell, Hinsdale 1923 Prof. Arthur L. Gillett, 16 Marshall St., Mr. Henry Scarborough, Payson 1921 Hartford 1897, 1919 Mr. F. H. Tuthill, 760 Polk St., Chicago 1923 Mr. Charles Welles Gross, 914 Asylum Ave., Hartford 1921 Mr. J. Moss Ives, Danbury 1921 Iowa Mr. Walter Lashar, Bridgeport 1919 Pres. John H. T. Main, Grinnell 1913, 1919 Pres. Wm. D. Mackenzie, Hartford 1908, 1919 Mr. F. A. McCoraack, 1423 Summit Ave., Rev. 0 . E. Maurer, New Haven 1912,1923 Sioux City 1904,1919 Mr. A. J. Pattison, Simsbury 1921 Judge Epaphroditus Peck, Bristol 1921 Kansas Judge John H. Perry, Southport 1893,1923 Mr. John G. Talcott, Talcottville 1921 Mr. Howard W. Darling, 3755 East Doug- Mr. Martin Welles, 29 So. Marshall St., las St., Wichita 1909,1921 Hartford 1909,1919 Mr. Samuel H. Williams, Glastonbury 1913,1921 Marne Hawaii Mr. Charles Blatchfard, Portland 1921 Hon. William R. Castle, Bos 349, Honolulu 1906,1923 Rev. Milo H. Pearson, Auburn 1923 263 264 Corporate Members o f the Board

Massachusetts Massachusetts—Continued Mr. James S. Allen, 333 Highland Ave., Mr. Samuel Usher, 11 Hillside Ave., ^ Id chester ^1924 Cambridge 1896,1923 Rev. James L. Barton, 14 Beacon St., Boston 1894, 1923 Mr. E. B. Varney, 102 Purchase St., Fall Dr. Charles M. Beattie, 52 Montclair Ave., River 1921 Roslindale *1924 Hon. Arthur H. Wellman, 150 Congress St., Mr. Harold B. Belcher, 14 Beacon St., Boston 1921 Room 644, Boston 1897, 1919 Rev. Enoch F. Bell, 14 Beacon St., Boston 1909,1919 Mr. Francis O. Winslow, 289 Walpole St., Dr. John C. Berry, 28 Trowbridge Road, Norwood 1903, 1919 Worcester 1897, 1921 Pres. Mary E Woolley, South Hadley 1903, 1919 Dr. E. H. Bigelow, Pleasant St., Framing­ ham 1909,1923 Michigan Rev. Nehemiah Boynton, West Medford 1894,1921 Mr. Frank E. Bogart, 85 Hague Ave., Rev. H. A. Bridgman. Groton 1915, 1921 Detroit 1914, 1921 Mr. W. Irving Bullard, 486 Beacon St., Boston *1924 Pres. Marion L. Burton, Ann Arbor 1915, 1921 Miss Helen B. Calder, Hillside Road, New­ Mr. C. J. Chandler, 707 Lake Shore Road, ton Lower Falls 1919 Detroit 1919 Rev. Raymond Calkins, 19 Berkeley St., Mr. John M. McKershey, 144 Taylor St., Cambridge 1908,1919 Detroit 1923 Rev. Francis E. Clark, 41 Mt. Vernon St., Mr. Paul Chamberlain Warren, Three Oaks 1910,1921 Boston * 1888, 1921 James E. Clark, 80 Claremont St.. Newton 1923 Minnesota Mr. Thomas I. Crowell, Jr., Newton Centre *1924 Mr. Chester S. Day, 16 Brown St., Brook­ Mr. Albert Baldwin, 800 Alworth Build­ ing,-Duluth 1913, 1919 line 1919 Rev. John H. Denison, WiUiamstown 1904,1921 Pres. D. J. Cowling, Northfield 1914, 1921 Hon. David P. Jones, 236 McKnight Bldg., Rev. Edward P. Drew, 89 Grove St., Aubumdale 1919 Minneapolis 1903 1919 Rev. Edward D. Eaton, Wellesley 1889,1923 Mr. F. W. Sweney, 1921 Laurel Ave., Rev. D. Brewer Eddy, 82 Kirkstall Road, St. Paul 1919 NewtonviUe 1908,1919 Missouri Mr. Frederick A. Gaskins, 14 Beacon St., Boston 1921 Mr. Augustus W. Benedict, Buckingham Hotel, St. Louis 1892, 1921 Dr. Joel E. Goldthwait, 372 Marlboro St., Boston f 1922 New Hampshire Rev. George A. Gordon, 645 Boylston St., Mr. Charles S. Bates, Exeter 1913,1919 Boston. 1895, 1923 Rev. Lucius H. Thayer, Portsmouth 1908, 1919 Mr. J. Livingston Grandin, 45 Milk St., Rev. Ambrose W. Vernon, Hanover 1905,1915 Room 512, Boston 1919 Rev. Ernest G. Guthrie, 8 Cumberland St., New Jersey Boston 1919 Mr. Alfred S. Hall, 8 Summit Ave., Win­ Mr. Charles H. Baker, 207 Walnut St., Montclair 1894,1919 chester 1908,1919 Mr. Elbert A. Harvey, 22 Vernon St., Mr. Clarence H. Kelsey, Orange 1906, 1923 Mr. Giles W. Mead, 30 Hillside Ave., Brookline 1921 Mr. Arthur S. Johnson, 253 Common­ Glen Ridge 1919 Rev. Martin L. Stimson, Beechwood 1919 wealth Ave., Boston 1913, 1919 Mr. Heniy P. Kendall, Norwood 1914,1921 Mr. Edward T. Wilkinson, 99 Midland Ave., Rev. Shepherd Knapp, 8 Institute Road, Montclair 1914, 1921 Worcester 1913,1919 New York Rev. Ashley D. Leavitt, Brookline 1919 Mr. Wm. H. Crosby, Eggertsville 1906, 1923 Hon. James Logan, Salisbury S t , Wor­ Mr. Guilford Dudley, Poughkeepsie 1896, 1921 cester 1908, 1919 Mr. Harry W. Hicks, Lake Placid Club, Mr. Albert M. Lyon, Newton Centre *1924 Essex Co. 1906, 1923 Mr. William B. Medlicott, 1654 Massa­ Rev. Charles E. Jefferson, 211 West 56th chusetts Ave., Cambridge *1924 St., New York City 1896,1923 Prof. Edward C. Moore, 21 Kirkland St., Rev. Charles S. Mills, 100 East 42nd St., Cambridge 1899, 1923 New York City 1913, 1919 Rev. Edw. M. Noyes, 136 Warren St., Mr. Wm. H. Nichols, 25 Broad St., New Newton Center 1901, 1921 York City 1897,1919 Mr. Charles S. Olcott, 71 Babcock St., Rev. Henry H. Proctor, 1597 Pacific Ave., Brookline 1921 Brooklyn 1917, 1923 Rev. Cornelius H. Patton, 261 Franklin St.. Rev. C. H. Richards, 310 West 95th St., Newton 1900 ld21 New York City 1894,1923 Mr. Arthur Perry, 10 Marlboro St., Boston 1908,1919 Rev. F. K. Sanders, 400 West 118th St., Mr. C. B. Potter, 269 Long Hill St., Spring­ New York City 1902,1923 field 1921 Rev. W. W. Scudder, 287 Fourth Ave., Dr. George L. Richards, 259 Prospect St., New York City 1923 Fall River 1921 Mr. Fred B. Smith, 20 Ridgeway Ave., Rev. Ernest W. Riggs, 14BeaconSt.,Boston 1921 White Plains 1921 Mr. William Shaw, 41 M t. Vernon St., Rev. H. A. Stimson, 58 West 58th St., Boston 1911,1923 New York City 1896, 1921 Rev. Willard L. Sperry, 11 Francis St., Prof. Edwin G. Warner, 56 Montgomery Cambridge 1912,1919 Place, Brooklyn 1909, 1923 Rev. Wm.E. Strong, 14Beacon St., Boston 1905,1919 Mr. Franklin Warner, 52 Vanderbilt Ave., Mr. F. B. Towne, Holyoke 1915,1921 New York City 1917, 1923 Mr. LucienC. Warner, 52 Vanderbilt Ave., * Tam expires in 1929 New York City 1895,1919 t Term expires in 1927 Mr. Samuel Woolverton, Scarsdale 1915,1921 Corporate Members of the Board 265

Ohio Texas Rev. W. Frederick Bohn, Oberlin 1921 Mr. Ernest M . Powell, 1707 Main St., Prof. Edward I. Bosworth, 78 South Pro­ Dallas 1913, 1919 fessor St., Oberlin 1906, 1923 Rev. J. G. Hindlev, 1750 Strathmore Ave., Vermont E. C., Cleveland 1923 Mr. John G. Jennings, 17862 Lake Ave., Mr. Frank H. Brooks, Boston City Club, Cleveland 1906,1923 Boeton, Mass. 1908 ,1919 Pres. Henry C. King, Oberlin 1902,1921 Rev. Irving W. Metcalf, 167 North Pro­ fessor St., Oberlin 1904,1923 Washington Mr. Wm. W. Mills, Marietta 1898,1919 Dr. John J. Thomaa, 122 East Wood St., Prof. L. F. Anderson, 364 Boyer Ave., Youngstown 1911,1923 Walla Walla 1909, 1923 Pres. S. B. L. Penrose, Walla Walla 1896, 1919 Rhode Island Rev. Edward L. Smith. 2520 Mount Baker Mr. Robert Cushman, 41 Central Ave., Pawtucket 1921 Drive, Seattle 1902, 1919 Mr. Herbert J. Wells, Kingston 1897, 1923 Wisconsin Sooth Dakota Pres. Henry K. Warren, Yankton 1909, 1919 Rev. Charles H. Beale, Milwaukee * 1929

NATIONAL COUNCIL DELEGATES

(Under the By-Laws adopted in 1913 all certified delegates to the National Council of the Congregational Churches of the United States are deemed nominated for election as Corporate Members of the Board and as such are elected. Delegates removing from the Associa­ tion or Conference which elected them, automatically lose their standing as Corporate Members. To avoid duplication in this class, names are omitted which appear in the above classes. Lists furnished by the National Council office.)

MEMBERS WHOSE TERMS EXPIRE 1925

Abrams, Dr. Alva E.. Hartford, Conn. Campbell, Rev. Walter W ., Rockport, Mass. Achenbach, Rev. S. T., Bethel, Maine. Candy, Rev. J. Franklin, Geneva, O. Ackerman, Rev. Arthur W ., Brookline, Mass. Carlson, Rev. Frank, Helena, Mont. Aikins, Rev. James E., S. Windham, R .D . 1, M e. Carter, Rev. Charles F., Hartford, Conn. Ainsworth, Rev. Israel, Beachmont, Mass Caughran. Rev. William I., Port Arthur, Texas. Alderson, Dr. James, Dubuque, Iowa. Clark, Rev. Victor F., Diller, Nebr. Allen, Rev. Ernest B., Oak Park, 111. Clarke, Rev. Howard E., Plainfield, N . J. Allen, Rev. H. O., Sheldon, la. Cleaves, Rev. C. H., Pocatello, Idaho. Allington, Rev. A. A., Northport, Mich. Clyde, Rev. J. P., Seattle, Wash. Anderson, Rev. O. T., Kane, Pa. Cook, Mrs. Frank Gaylord, Cambridge, Mass. Atkins. Rev. G. Glenn, Detroit, Mich. Cooke, Rev. Vernon W ., Western Springs, 111. Babb, Rev. Thomas E., Holden, Mass. Cornelius. M r. L. A., Grand Rapids, Mich. Bailey, Rev. Henry L., Longmeadow, Mass. Cornwell, Rev. A. G., Elmira, N. Y. Bain, Rev. C., Grand Meadow, Minn. Crane, Rev. Wm. M., Richmond, Mass. Baker, M r. J. Henry, Baltimore, M d. Cross, Rev. E. W ., Grinnell, la. Balcom, Mr. W . G., Rochester, Minn. Cross, Rev. Judson L., Fitchburg, Mass. Barnes. Rev. Wm. I)., Collbran, Colo. Culver_, Mrs. M . A ., Denver, Colo. Bartlett, Rev. Ernest C., Chelmsford, Mass. Cummings, Rev. Arthur G., Middleboro, Mass. Barton, Rev. W . P., Seibert, Colo. Cushman, Rev. Charles E., Iowa Falls, Iowa. Bates, Rev. Newton W ., Burton, O. Davis, Mrs. Lydia E., Tilton, N. H. Bayne, Rev. Reed T ., Superior, Wis. Davis, Mr. W . B., Cleveland, Ohio. Beach, Rev. Walter B„ Elk River, Minn. Davis, Mr. W. H., Kane, Pa. Beale, Rev. T . F. R ., Bridgeport, Conn. Day, Rev. Wm. Horace. Bridgeport, Conn. Benham, Mr. Walter D., Spencer, Nebr. DeBerry, Rev. Perfect R , Raleigh, N. C. Bennett, Pres. John N ., Crete, Nebr. Dibble, Rev. W. L., Mason City, Iowa. Bent, Rev. David, Kokomo, Ind. Dickinson. Miss Rhoda Jane, Dorchester, M ass. Blakely, Rev. Quincy, Farmington, Conn. Dingwell, Rev. James D., Pawtucket, R. I. Bradley, Rev. Dan F., Cleveland, Ohio.' Dougherty, Rev. M. Angelo, Cambridge, Mass. Brandt, Rev. Marvin R., Sheboygan, Wis. Douglass, Rev. T. .0 ., Jr., Tempe, Axiz. Breck, Rev. Aaron, Topeka, Kan. Dunham, Mr. George L., Brattleboro, Vt. Brewer, Rev. Frank S., Geneseo, 111. Dunlop, Rev. James J., Hartford, Conn. Brock, Mr. C. W ., Berkeley, Calif. Duttera, Rev. Wm. B., Salisbury, N. C. Brokemeyer, Rev. G. L., Lodi, Calif. Dyer. Rev. Frank, Los Angeles, Calif. Brown, Rev. Hugh Elmer, Evanston, 111. Earl, Mr. Henry H., Fall, River, Mass Brown, Mrs. Plumb, Springfield, Mass. Elderkin, Rev. Noble S., Duluth, Minn. Brownell, Pres. J. D ., Ashland, W is. Elliot, Rev. Charles, Wichita, Kan. Buell, Rev. S. H., Springfield, Mo. Elmes, Rev. Arthur F., Wilmington, N. C. Bunger, Rev. Warren L., Minneapolis, Minn. Emrich, Rev. F. E., Jamaica Plain, Mass. Burdick, Rev. C. H., Everett, Wash. Ensminger, Rev. F. P., Star, N. C. Burgess, Rev. Gideon A ., Providence, R I. Evans, Mrs. Elias E., Scranton, Pa. Burtner, Rev. D. Emory, Lynn, Mass. Fairbank, Rev. A. M ., Edgemont, S. D. Butler, Rev. Gardner S., Demorest, Ga. Farren, Rev Merritt A ., Boston, Mass. Camfield, Rev. L. E., Academy, S. D. Fay, M r. Edgar A ., Springfield, Ohio. Camp, Rev. Edward C., Watertown, Mass. Ferch, Rev. A. I., Anacortes, Wash. 266 Corporate Members of the Board

Fisher, Rev. C. Williams, Stockbridge, Mass. Miller, Rev. J. P., Minneapolis, Minn, Flynn, Rev. D. J., Charlotte, N. C. Mills, Rev. George S.. Bennington, Vt. Forbes, Mr. Frank W ., Westboro, Mass. Miln, Rev. George, Stillman Valley, 111. Freeman, Rev. Marston, N. Chattanooga, Tenn. Mitchell, Prof., W . B., Brunswick, Me. Freeman, Mrs. Marston, N. Chattanooga, Tenn. Montgomery, Mr. John R.. Chicago, 111. French, Mrs. Mary E., Templeton, Mass. Montgomery, Rev. R. J., Grinnell, Iowa Frisbie, M r. F. E ., Sheldon, Iowa. Nash, Rev. Chas. S., Berkeley, Caiif. Gates, Rev. Carl M ., Wellesley Hills, Mass. Nellor, Bev. C. H ., Box 882, R 4., Portland, Ore. Gearhart, Rev. C. D ., Grant, Nebr. Nelson, Rev. J. Homer, Bar Harbor, Me. Gibbons, Mr. Alliston M ., Cleveland, O. Newton, Mr. Robert, Franklin, Nebr. Giffen, Rev. Thomas T., Fresno, Calif. Nicholls, Rev. R. D., Lowell, Wash. Gilbert, Mr. Harold S., Portland, Ore. Oakes, Rev. W m . M .. Carrier, Okla. Gilbert, Mrs. Harold S., Portland, Ore. O ’ Brien, Rev. J. P.. New Orleans, La. Gonzales, Rev. John, Topeka, Kan. Ogg, Rev. William D ., 2615 H St., Eureka, Calif. Goodson, Rev. John, Rapalje, Mont. Olden, Rev. J. C., Washington, D. C. Goodspeed, Rev. Frank L., Barre, Vt. Osbornson, Mrs. E. A., Oak Park. 111. Gould, Rev. Beniamin, Tulare, Calif. Owen, Rev. George W ., Hvde Park, Mass. Graham, Rev. Roscoe, Akron, O. Parrott, Rev. Herbert I., Springfield, 111. Greenwood, Mr. Fred P., Everett Mass. Parry, Rev. J. Burford, Springfield, Mass. Guild, Rev. Geo. E., Craig, Colo. Parsons, Rev. St. Clare, Greenville, Mich. Haig, Rev. Thomas P., Rockville. Conn. Penrose, Mrs. S. B. L ., W alla W alla, Wash. Halliday, Rev. James F., Binghamton, N. Y. Phillips, Rev. Charles H ., Jamestown, N. D . Hansen, Rev. Neil, Whitewater, Wis. Phillips, Mrs. Mary B., Jamestown, N. D. Harbutt, Rev. Charles, Portland, Me. Pickett, Rev. W . W .. Fort Dodge, Iowa. Harned, Rev. H. E., Clinton. Ia. Pike, Rev. David, Mt. Vernon, Ohio. Harrison .Rev. C. H.. Portland. Ore. Pitman. Rev. H. H., Shenandoah. Iowa. Harrison. Mrs. C. H., Portland, Ore. Potter, Mr. Fred L., Cortland, N. Y. Hawley. Rev. Henry K., Ames. Iowa. Pratt, Rev. Arthur P., Greenfield, Mass. Hayes, Rev. F. L., Chicago, 111. Pratt, Rev. John R., Brooklyn, Conn. Hays, Mr. R. R., Osborne, Kansas. Pratt, Mrs. John R., Brooklyn, Conn. Heald, Mrs. J. H ., El Paso, Texas. Preston, Mr. E. G., Lexington, Mass. Hill, Rev. Charles W ., La Mesa, Calif. Ramsay, Rev. William G., Ottumwa, Iowa. Hill, Rev. George W . C.. New Britain, Conn. Randell, Rev. Alfred E., Jamestown, N. Y. Hinman, Mrs. Geo. W ., Berkeley, Calif. Rankin, Rev. James H., Conneaut, O. Hitchcock, Rev. Samuel, Polytechnic, Mont. Ravi-Booth, Rev. Vincent, Bennington, Vt. Holman, Rev. Rex O., Hart, Mich. Reed, Mrs. George, McLaughlin, S. Dak. Holmes. Rev. John A., Lincoln, Nebr. Reese, Mrs. Elise J., Pittsburg, Pa. Holton, Rev, Horace T., Brockton, Mass. Rice, Rev. Claton S., Boise, Idaho. Hood, Rev. E. Lyman, River Edge, N. J. Rich, Rev. U. G., Hancock, Mich. Hopkin, Rev. Robert, Denver, Colo. Richards, Rev. James A ., Winnetka, 111 Hopp, Rev. John H ., Portland, Ore. Ricker, Rev. A. E., Dallas, Texas. Hoppin, Mr. Claude E., Glasgow, Mont. Sampson, Rev. C. C., Tilton, N. H. Horton, Rev. Douglas, Middletown, Conn. Sawyer, Rev. Roland D., Ware, Mass. Howard, Mr. Harry S., Burlington, Vt. Shaw, Rev. G. W .. Kidder, Mo. Hyde, Mr. Henry K.. Ware, Mass. Shoemaker, Rev. J. R , Fort Bidwell, Calif James, Rev. Horace P., Yakima, Wash. Sims, Rev. Thomas, Millbury, Mass. James, Mr. Warner, Brooklyn, N. Y. Skentlebery, Rev. W . H., Romeo, Mich. Jamison, Rev. H . W ., Newell, S. D . Slade, Rev. W . F.t Manhattan, Kansas Jansen, M r. Jacob E .f Lewis, Iowa. Smith, Rev. Fred, Isabel, So. D. Johnson, Rev. Elmer H .. Billings, M ont. Smith, Mrs. Fred, Isabel, So. D. Jones, M r. Stephen, Flandreau, S. D . Smith, Rev. G. LeGrand, Cleveland, O. Kelley, Rev. Samuel E., Allegan, Mich. Smith, Mr. Leonard, Haverhill, Mass. Kenngott, Rev. George F., Los Angeles, Calif. Smith, Rev. O. W ., Evansville, Wis. Kenngott, Mrs. George R., Los Angeles, Calif. Southgate, Rev. B. M „ Algona, Iowa. Kephart, Rev. William H., New York City. Stacy, Mrs. A. P., Minneapolis, Minn. King, Rev. W . D.t Omaha, Nebr. Starr, Rev. Harris E., New Haven, Conn. Kiplinger, Rev. O. L., Mansfield, Ohio. Steensma. Rev. W . S., Jackson, Mich. Kofoid, Mrs. Chas., Berkeley. Calif. Stephenson, Rev. W . E., Robbinsdale, Minn. Lee, Mrs. J. Beveridge, New London, Conn. Stillman, Rev. O. A., White Salmon, Wash. Lee, Mrs. L. O., 1734 Ridge Ave., Evanston, III. Stone, Mr. A. A., Morris, Minn. Lewis, Rev. J. M ., Sandwich, 111. Stone, Mr. Arthur F., St. Johnsbury, Vt. Littlefield, Hon, Nathan W ., Pawtucket, R. I. Stowell, Mr. C. B., Hudson, Mich. Long, Rev. Frederick W ., Keokuk, Iowa. Swartz, Rev. Herman F., Berkeley, Calif. Longsworth, Rev. W . H.. Canton, O. Taft, Mr. R. C., Wallingford, Vt. Loomis, Mr. Ashmun, Redfield, S. D. Thompson, Rev. Albert M .. Houlton, Me. Lougee, Mr. Willis E., Candia, N. H. Thygeson, Rev. Hanson E., E. Falmouth, Mass. McCollum, Rev. Geo. T., Chicago, 111. Van der Pyl, Rev. Nicholas, Oberlin, Ohio. McConnell, Rev. Herbert, Grand Rapids, Mich. Van Keuren, Rev. Mailler, O., Schenectady, N .Y . McDermott, Miss Sallie A., Chicago, 111. Walker, Rev. Herbert, Holbrook, Mass. McGonagle, Mrs. W . A., Duluth, Minn. Warner, Mr. Ernest M ., Madison, Wis. McKenzie, Mr. John, Great Falls, Mont. Warner, Mrs. Franklin H., White Plains, N. Y. Maples, Rev. Frank, E. Chicago, Ind. Warren, Rev. Brookes A., Clinton, Mich. Mason, Rev. H. C., Seattle, Wash. Webster, Mrs. D. D., Minnespolis, Minn. Maylott, Rev. Worthy F., Derby, Conn. Weir, Mr. William C., Forest Grove. Ore. M ead, Rev. *£lwell O ., Georgetown, Conn. Wheeier, Rev. Edgar C., Tacoma, Wash. Megathlin, Rev. H. G., Walpole, N. H. Wheeler, Gen. Elbert, Nashua, N. H. Mench, Mr. J. C.t Mounds, 111. Wheeler, Rev. H. A., Cope, Colo. Merritt, Rev. Robert F., Platteville, Wis. W hite, Mr. Edson, Wakefield, Mass. Meyer, Rev. H . L., Quincy, 111. Wight, Rev. Andrew M „ Syracuse, N. Y. Corporate Members of the Board 267

Wightman, Rev. John C., Florence, Mass. Wright, Rev. John W ., Merrimack, N. H. Wilson, Mrs. Alice, Kokomo, Ind. Wyatt, Rev. Francis O., Colfax, Wash. Wilson, Rev. C. W ., Orono, Maine. Wyckoff, Rev. J. L. R ., North Woodbury, Conn. Wilson, Rev. David L., Bath, Maine. Yates, Rev. Charles D., Kellogg, Idaho Wilson, Rev. J. W ., Appleton, Wis. Yoakum, Rev. G. D ., Phoenix, Ariz. Wilson, Mr. March M ., Randolph, Vt. Yourd, Rev. Paul H., Benton Harbor, Mich. Woodworth, Rev. F. G., Somersworth, N. H.

MEMBERS WHOSE TERMS EXPIRE 1927

Adams. Rev. D. Merle, Spencer, la. Coombs, Mr. Fred A., E. Orange, N. J. Adams, Mr. Edward H., Portsmouth. N. H. Cowan, Rev. John, Bristol, N . H. Akerman, Rev. Nathan B., Gorham, N. H. Cressman, Rev. A. A. Crete, Nebr. Albree, Mr. John, Swampscott, Mass. Currie, Rev. R. J., Wyandotte. Mich. Allin, Rev. E. A., Wahpeton, N. D. Dabney, Rev. Vaughan, Dorchester, Mass. Alvord, Judge Theodore, Pierce City, M o. Davis, Rev. Oscar F., Michigan, N. D. Andrews, Mr. C. R., Ada, Minn. Day, Rev. F. Wilson, Swanton, Vt. Armstrong, Rev. E. P., Randolph, N. Y. Dennett, Mrs. Ralph N., North Adams. Mass. Ashley, Rev. W. H., New England. N. D. Deyo. Rev. John M., Danbury, Conn. Aspinwall, Dr. Wm. B„ Worcester, Mass. Dickey, Rev. J. G., Fargo, N. D. Atkinson. Rev. Frank, Sheridan. Wyo. Dierberger, Rev. P. W .. South Haven, Mich. Babson, Mr. Roger W ., Wellesley Hills, Mass. Dodge, Rev. D. Witherspoon, Altanta, Ga. Bailey, Rev. Gurdon F., Norwichtown, Conn. Douglas, Rev. Lloyd'C., Akron, Ohio. Baker, Rev. Wm. M., Flint, Mich. Duncan, Mr. James H ., Searsport, Maine. Baldwin, Mr. Lathrop, Rutland, Vt. Dungan, Rev. T. A., Waukesha, Wis. Barker, Rev. Ralph A ., South Acton, Mass. Dunn, Rev. Henderson H ., New Orleans, La. Barnwell, Rev. Henry S., Montgomery, Ala. Earl, Rev. Daniel, Velva, N. D. Bast, Rev. Carl P., Mi'lbank, S. D. Eckoff, Rev. P. J., Dover, 111. Beard, Fev. R. A., Fargo. N. Dak. Emerson, Rev. Chester B., Detroit, Mich. Beddoes, Rev. A. E., Beardstown, 111. Either, Mrs. C., Glendive, Mont. Bender, Rev. W m A., Abbeville, La. Eusden, Rev. Ray A., Lawrence, Kan. Bigelow, Rev. E. Victor, Andover, Mass. Evans, Rev. Benj. D ., Johnstown, Pa. Bigelow, Rev. Frank E., Washington, D. C. Evans, Rev. J. J., Oak Hill, Ohio. Bishop, Rev. F. J., Sycamore, 111. Ewers, Rev. John Upton, Scranton, Pa. Bixler, Rev. James W ., Exeter, N. H. Farnham, Mr. H. M .. Buffalo, N. Y. Blackburn, Rev. J. Frank, Atlanta, Ga. Faville, Rev. Theodore R , Madison, Wis. Blackburn, Mr. William J., Oswego, N. Y. Ferris, Rev. H . H ., Boscobel, W is. Blanchard, Rev. F. Q.t Cleveland, Ohio. Fifield, Rev. L. Wendell, Sioux Falls, S. D . Booth, Rev. Henry K., Long Beach, Calif. Fiske, Rev. Samuel A ,, Berlin, Conn. Bradford, Rev. Arthur H., Providence, R I. Flint, Rev. Irving A., Falmouth, Mass. Bradford, Rev. Emory L., Boxford, Mass. Ford, Rev. E. T., Hartford, Vt. Bradley, Rev. Nelson S.. Saginaw, Mich. Fox, Rev. Daniel F., Pasadena, Calif. Brookes, Rev. George S., Ellsworth, Maine. Fraser, Rev. David, W est Somerville, Mass. Brower, Rev. Charles D e W ., Tampa, Florida Frazier, Rev. W m . F., Burlington, Vt. Brown, Rev. Russell S., Atlanta, Ga. French, Mr. C. A., Monticello, Minn. Brush, Dr. George W ., Brooklyn. N. Y.. French, Rev. Henry H., Nashua, N. H. Bryant, Rev. Charles M ., Newark Valley, N. Y. Fuller, Rev. Edgar R., Bakersfield, Calif. Buchanan, Mr. James A., Buchanan, N. D. Gale, Rev. C. R., Seattle, Wash. Bull, Rev. Wilbur. I., Ashland, Maine. Gale, Mrs. C. R., Seattle, Wash. Bullock, Rev. M. C., Great Bend, Kan. Gaylord. Mrs. E. K., Oklahoma City, Okla. Burbank, Mr Charles E.,West Boylston. Mass. Gerlach, M r. J. J., Hillyard, Wash. Burch, Rev. Guy R., Stanton, Neb. Gilkey, Mrs. R. E., Dixfield, Maine. Burgess, Rev. Louis F., Madison, Conn. Gillette, Rev. Edwin C., Jacksonville, Fla. Burnham, Rev. Edmund A., Taunton, Mass. Gilpin, Mr. Wallace, Barton, Vt. Burt, Rev. Enoch H., Torrington, Conn. Graedel, Rev. Gottfried, Odessa, Wash. Bush, Rev. Frank H., Chicago, 111. Graham, Rev. John, Kittery Point, Maine; Butler, Rev. Elmer W.. Thorsby, Ala. Graham, Rev. John J. G ., Traer, Iowa. Butterfield, Rev. Ray E., Worcester, Mass. Green, Rev. C. C., Wakefield, Kan. Calkins, Pev. E. Dale, Britt, la, Green, Mr. Wm. G., Waterbury, Conn. Campbell, Pev. Andrew, Orange, Mass. Hacke, Rev. A. C., Fargo, N. Dak. Carter, Rev. George K., North Berwick, Me. Hanna, Rev. George T., Marion, la. Cafe, Mr. Wm., Benzonia, Mich. Hardcastle, Rev. W m ., Iowa Falls, la. Cash, Rev. William L., Chattanooga, Tenn. Harger. Rev. C. H.. Benzonia, Mich. Chamberlin, Rev. Roy B., Hanover, N. H. Harmon, Rev. Willard P., Ticonderoga, N. Y. Chase, Rev. C.Thurston, Gr’t Barrington, Mass. Harper, Rev. Thomas H., Dallas, Texas. Clapp, Mr. Henry N., Westhampton, Mass. Harper, Mrs. Thomas H., Dallas, Texas. Clapp, Rev. Raymond G., Cincinnati, O. Harris, Rev. Henry, Baraboo, Wis. Clark, Rev. Cornelius E.. Dover-Foxcroft, Me. Harwood, Mr. F. J., Appleton, Wis. Clark, Rev. James S.,Vergennes, Vt. Hatt, Rev. T. B., Island Falls, Maine. Coe, Mr. D. O., Topeka, Kansas Hawkes, Mrs. A. S., York Village. Maine. Cole, Mr. Daniel P., Springfield, Mass. Hawley, Rev. John A ., Amherst, Mass. Coleman, Mr. Theodore L.. Milwaukee. Wis. Hayward, Rev. Charles E.f Stowe, Vt. Conard, Rev. W . J., Dogden, N. D. Haywood, Mr. C. D., Davenport, Iowa. Condit, Mr. B. A,, Glendive, Mont. Hazeltine, Mr. Addison H„ Miami, Fla. Cooledge, Mrs. Viola M ., Ludlow, Vt. Heald, Rev. J. H., New York City. 268 Corporate Members of the Board

Healey, Mr. E. S., Webster Groves, Mo. Obenhaus, Rev. Herman, Chicago, 111. Hemenway, Mr. Fred, Marlboro, N. H. Ogawa, Rev. K., Los Angeles, Calif. Herrick, Mr. Geo. M ., Chicago, 111. Olmstead, Rev. Chas., Fulton, N. Y. Hitchcock, Rev. Samuel, Williston, N. D. Olmsted, Rev. Nirum P., Matoon, III. Hjetland, Rev. J. H., Winthrop, Minn. Orchard, Rev. John, Dickinson, N. D. Hoadley, Mr. Justus R., Rutland, Vt. Osborn, Rev. A. T., La Grange, Ga. Holmes, Dr. O. H., Walla Walla. Wash. Osgood, Mr. E. B., Cumberland Center, Me. Holmes, Rev. Wm. T., Tougaloo, Miss. Palmer, Rev. Willard H., Calais, Maine. Holton, Rev. Charles S., Newburyport, Mass. Parsons, President Edward S , Marietta, O. Hooker, Mr. B. S., Bradford, Vt. Partch, Rev. LeRoy C., Columbus, Wis. Howe, Mrs. Oliver H., Cohasset, Mass. Paterson, Rev. J. R., Canova, S. D. Howells, Mr. David, Kane, Pa. Peabody, Rev. Harry E.t Appleton, Wis. Huckel, Rev. Oliver, Greenwich, Conn. Pearson, Rev. Samuel, Chickasha, Okla. Hughes, Rev. E. Daniel. West Winfield. N. Y. Pedrick, M r. S. M ., Ripon, W is. Hughes, Rev. Enoch, North Scranton, Pa. Perrin, Rev. D . J., Huron, S. D . Humphrey, Mr. Chester W ., Rochester, Mass. Petersen, Rev. C. E., Central Lake, Mich. Hyslop, Rev. James, Talladega, Ala. Peterson, Rev. Carl J., N o. Craftsbury, V t. Ingram, Mrs. W . R., Oklahoma City, Okla. Peterson, Rev. Oscar W ., Penacook, N . H. Ives, Rev. Henry S., Newbury, Vt. Petty, Rev. Orville A., New Haven, Conn. Jenkins, Miss Helen, Thorsby, Ala. Pflager, M r. Henry M ., St. Louis, M o. Jockinsen, Rev. John P.. Lansing, Mich. Phillips, Mr. Edward H., New Orleans. La. Johnson, Rev. George H ., New Milford, Conn. Pierce, Rev. Jason N ., Washington, D . C. Johnson, Rev. P. A., Grinnell, la. Pierce, M r. John L ., Lincoln, Nebr. Johnson, Mr. R. A., Windsor, Vermont Pleasant, Rev. Ellis E.,Wailuku, Maui, Hawaii Jones, Rev. Thomas J., Scranton, Pa. Pratt, Rev. N. M ., Lockport, N. Y. Judson, M r. C. A ., Sandusky, Ohio. Pritchard, Rev. John M ., Nelson, N . Y . Keck, Rev. Samuel W ., Watertown, S. D. Purdum, Rev. Lewis E., Dover, N. H. Kedzie, Mrs. Zua V., Pittsford, Mich. Putney, Mrs. Freeman, Jr.. So.Weymouth, Mass. Keller, Rev. Lewis H., Atlanta, Ga. Pyle, Rev. H. L., Watertown, N. Y. Kellogg, Mr. Dan A., Old Saybrook, Conn. Reed, Rev. G. W ., McLaughlin, S. D. King, Rev. Elisha A., Miami Beach, Fla. Reed, Rev. Lewis T., Brooklyn, N. Y Knight, Rev. Charles L., La Jolla, Calif. Rees, Rev. Levi, Stafford Springs, Conn. Kolmos, Mrs. J. J., Maywood, 111. Richmond, Rev. William A., Bridgton, Maine. Krom, Rev. Asbury, Providence, R. I. Roberts, Miss Estelle, Seattle, Wash. Lash, Rev. James H., Hollywood, Calif. Robinson, Mrs. O. L., Milwaukee, Wis. Lawless, Rev. Alfred, Jr., Atlanta. Ga. Rolls, Rev. F. C., Hudson, N. H. Lee, Rev. J. Beveridge, New London, Conn. Rowden, Rev. W m . S., Pierce, Neb. Lee. Rev. Vinton, Dubuque, la. Russell, Mr. Ernest S., South Hadley, Mass. Lindley, Rev. Glen, Mitchell, S. D. Schulz, Rev. Erwin, Treynor, Iowa. Lippitt, Rev. L. A., Dubuque, la. Scribner, Rev. Frank J., Janesville, W is. Locke, Rev. Robert J., Urbana, III. Searles Mrs. Florence D ., Los Angeles, Calif. Lockwood, Miss Ida F., Headland, Ala. Sharpe, Rev. Percy A., Vermillion, S. D . Lockwood, Rev. W . T., Boise, Idaho. Shaw, Rev. Edwin S., Minneapolis, Minn. Lodwick, Rev. W m ., Sparta, Wis. Shepherd, Mr. A. B., Derry, N. H. Loud, Miss Harriet, Weymouth, Mass. Shipherd, Rev. T. M., Milwaukee, Wis. Luke, Rev. Joshua A., Binghamton, N. Y. Shuttleworth, Mrs. W . D ., Sibley, la. Lund, Rev. Edward B., Adams, N. D. Skerry, Rev. J. W ., Tonasket, Wash. Lyman, Mrs. Albert J., Brooklyn, N. Y. Smith, Rev. C. C. Olivet, Mich. McElhiney, Rev. Charles H., Madison, Maine. Smith, Mr. E. G., B‘ loit, Wis. McKenzie, Rev. Alexander L., Walpole, Mass. Smith, Rev. Frank G., Omaha, Neb. McLaren, Mr. D. L., Spokane, Wash. Smith, Rev. G. Byron, Iberia, Mo. McLeod, Rev. A. B., Tabor, la. Smith, Rev. J. G., Fayetteville, N. C. McPherson, Rev. Neil, Springfield, Mass. Smith, Rev. T. B., Downs, Kansas. McQuarrie, Rev. Neil. Atlanta. Ga. Snell, Rev. Spencer, Florence, Ala. McWhorter, Rev. Andrew T., Augusta, Me. Stacy, Mr. Arthur P.,Minneapolis. Minn. Manwell, Rev. Augustine P., Gloversville, N .Y Starkweather. Mr. Charles M .. Hartford, Conn. Marsh, Rev. Burton E., Stuart, la. Stauffacher. Rev. A. D ., Northfield, Minn. Medlar, Rev. W . H., Wayzata, Minn. Steenson, Rev. Isaac, Madrid, N. Y. Medlar, Mrs. W . H., Wayzata, Minn. Sterns, Rev. Wallace H., Granite Falls, Minn. Merriam, Mrs. Chas. W ., Grand Rapids, Mich. Stevens. Rev. Charles L.. South Deerfield, Mass. Merriam. Rev. Geo. E., Buffalo, N. Y. Stevens, Rev. J. M ., Peoria, III. Merrill, Rev. Chas. E., Chicago, 111. Stewart, Rev: I. W .. Detroit, Mich. Merrill, Rev. George P., Minneapolis. Minn. Stewart, Mr. J. D., Hopkinton, Mass. Mitchell, Rev. E. Knox, Jr., Ann Arbor, Mich. Stickney. Rev. Edwin H., Fargo, No. Dak. Moffat, Rev. T. Aird, Newark, N J. Stilwell, Mr. Giles H., Syracuse N. Y. Moore, Mr. John J., Glencoe, 111. Stoughton, Rev. L. H., Hardwick, Vt. Moulton. Rev. Warren J., Bangor, Me. Strange, Rev. Wm. L„ Moline, III. Muller, Rev. Matt, Port Huron, Mich. Street, Rev. Wm. Dana, White Plains, N. Y. Murphy, Rev. Charles G., Lincoln, Nebr. Studebaker, Rev. H. A., Beloit, Wis. Murtfeldt, Rev. Frank W ., Utica, N. Y. Sutherland, Rev. J. W ., Lansing, Mich. Myers, Rev. H. W ., Jr., Philadelphia, Pa. Swanson, Rev. Isaac J., Ravenna, O. Nash, Rev. Geo. W ., Chicago, 111. Swartz, Mrs. Herman F., Berkeley. Cal. Newcomb, Rev. A. F.. Williams Bay, Wis. Taggart, Rev. C. E., Reed City, Mich. Nicols. Rev. John R , Chicago, 111. Taggart, Rev. G. A., Weiser, Idaho Nightingale, Rev. A., Parshall, N. D. Tappe, Mrs. H. W ., Cleveland, O. North, Rev. Stanley U., W altoi, N. Y. Thomas. Rev. G. J., Raleigh, N. C. Norton, Miss Sylvina C., Westchester, Conn. Thomas. Rev. Lewis J., Duxbury, Mass. Noyes, Rev. Henry H., Saundersville, Mass. Thomas, Rev. Owen, Fontanelle, la. Corporate Members of the Board 269

Thompson, Mr. Chas. E.t Hartford, Conn. Webster, Mrs. Marion M ., Minneapolis Minn. Tiede, Rev. O. J., Redfield, S. D. Wehrenberg, Rev. E. L., Star, N. C. Todd, Rev. Albert G., Rodman, N. Y. Welles, Rev. Kenneth, Northampton, Mass. Trickey, Rev. Benj. J., Albion, Nebr. Whitcomb, Rev. E. B., Pierre, S. D . Turner, Mr. W. C., Evarts, Ky. Wieks, Mr. Charles H., Rhinelander, Wis. Tuthill, Rev. Wm. B., Lowell, Mass. Wieks, Rev. Robert R., Holyoke, Mass. Tweedy, Rev. Harry E., Red Cloud, Nebr. Wilcox, Mr. Fred M., La Manda Park, Calif. Tyler, Rev. W . A., Lincoln, Nebr. Williams, Rev. E. R., Syracuse, N. Y. Updike, Mrs. D. Foster, Glen Ridge, N. J. Williams, Rev. George, Rapid City, S. D. Van Dyke, Mr. Geo., Indianapolis, Ind. Williams, Rev. Geo. C., Newton. Ia. Vaughan, -Rev. Stephen, Shelby, Mich. Williams, Rev. H. Y ., St. Paul, Minn. Van Horn, Rev. Francis, J., Tacoma, Wash. Williams, Rev. T. Y ., Chicago, 111. Voorhees, Rev. Frank, Long Island, N, Y. Williams, Rev. W m., Jonesport, Maine. Walker, Rev. Raymond B., Billings, M ont. Wilson, Rev. George, Wellsvilie, N. Y. Walton, Rev. Alfred G., Stamford, Conn. Winchester, Mrs. B. S., Fairfield, R. D., Conn. W ard, M r. Frederick M ., New Haven, Conn. Wirt, Rev. Loyal L., Berkeley, Calif. Warner, Rev. A. C ., Springfield, S. D . Woodward, Mr. A. E., Sandwich, Ul. Warner, Mr. E. R., Jackson, Mich. Wood worth, Rev. ArthurV.,W. Brattleboro, Vt. Warren, Rev. Willis A ., Painesville, O. Woolley, Pres Mary E., South Hadley, Mass. Watson, Rev. Robert J., Dwight, 111. Wuertzbach, Mr. Carl, Lee, Mass. Webb, Rev. Henry W ., Wiscasset, Me. Wyckoff, Rev. Charles S., Plainville, Conn. Webster, Rev. F, M ., De Kalb, Ul. Yeretzian, Rev. Aram S., Los Angeles, Calif. OFFICERS OF THE BOARD

Elected Service Ended Elected Service Ended

Presidents 1869 Rev. Edmund K. Alden 1876 1870 J. Russell Bradford 1883 1810 John Treadwell 1810 1870 Joseph S. Ropes 1894 1823 Rev. Joseph Lyman 1826 1875 Rev. Egbert C. Smyth 1886 1826 John Cotton Smith 1841 1876 Rev. Edwin B. Webb 1900 1841 Theo. Frelinghuysen 1857 1876 Charles C. Burr 1900 1857 Rev. Mark Hopkins 1887 1876 Elbridge Torrey 1893 1887 Rev. Richard S. Storrs 1897 1878 Rev. Isaac R. Worcester 1882 1897 Rev. Charles M. Lamson 1899 1882 Rev. Albert H. Plumb 1903 1899 Samuel B. Capen 1914 1883 William P. Ellison 1903 1914 Rev. Edward C. Moore* 1884 Rev. Charles F. Thwing 1886 1886 Rev. Edward S. Atwood 1888 1886 Rev. Charles A. Dickinson 1892 1888 Rev. Francis E. Clark 1892 Vice-Presidents 1889 G. Henry Whitcomb 1905 1893 A. Lyman Williston 1894 1810 Rev. Samuel Spring 1819 1893 Rev. James G. Vose 1899 1819 Rev. Joseph Lyman 1823 1893 Henry D. Hyde 1897 1823 John Cotton Smith 1826 1893 James M . W . Hall 1905 1826 Stephen Van Rensselaer 1839 1893 Rev. John E. Tuttle 1894 1839 Theo. Frelinghuysen 1841 1893 Rev. William W . Jordan 1904 1841 Thomas S. Williams 1857 1893 Rev. Elijah Horr 1904 1857 William Jessup 1864 1894 Charles A . Hopkins 1904 1864 William E. Dodge 1883 1894 Rev. Nehemiah Boynton 1899 1883 Eliphalet W. Blatchford 1897 1896 Rev. William H. Davis 1905 1897 D. Willis James 1900 1897 Samuel C. Darling 1906 1900 Rev. Henry Hopkins 1906 1899 Rev. Edward C. Moore 1908 1906 Rev. Albert J. Lyman 1907 1900 Rev. Francis E. Clark 1906 1907 Rev. Henry C. King 1910 1900 Edward Whitin 1907 1910 Rev. Edward D. Eaton 1917 1903 Rev. Arthur L. Gillett 1912 1917 David Percy Jones* 1903 Francis O. Winslow 1912 1904 Herbert A. Wilder 1913 1904 Rev. Edward M. Noyes 1913 1904 Rev. John Hopkins Denison 1910 Prudential Committee 1905 Rev. Frederick Fosdick 1906 1905 Arthur H. Wellman 1914 1810 William Bartlett 1814 1905 Rev. Francis J. Van Horn 1906 1810 Rev. Samuel Spring 1819 1906 Charles A. Hopkins 1912 1810 Rev. Samuel Worcester 1821 1906 Rev. Albert P. Fitch 1912 1812 Jeremiah Evarts 1830 1906 Henry H. Proctor 1914 1815 Rev. Jedediah Morse 1821 1906 Rev. Edwin H. Byington 1906 1818 William Reed 1834 1907 Rev. George A . Hall 1915 1819 Rev. Leonard Woods 1844 1908 Arthur Perry 1918 1821 Samuel Hubbard 1843 1908 Rev. Lucius H. Thayer 1917 1821 Rev. Warren Fay 1839 1910 Rev. Edward C. Moore 1914 1828 Rev. Benjamin B. Wisner 1835 1912 Rev. Willard L. Sperry 1920 1831 Rev. Elias Cornelius 1832 1912 John C. Berry 1921 1832 Samuel T. Armstrong 1850 1912 Rev. Raymond Calkins 1915 1832 Charles Stoddard 1873 1912 James Logan 1912 1834 John Tappaa 1864 1913 Walter K . Bigelow 1915 1835 Daniel Noyes 1846 1913 Rev. Shepherd Knapp 1922 1837 Rev. Nehemiah Adams 1869 1913 Francis O. Winslow 1917 1839 Rev. Silas Aiken 1849 1914 Herbert A. Wilder 1920 1843 William W. Stone 1850 1914 Rev. Edward M. Noyes 1919 1845 William J. Hubbard 1859 1914 Henry P. Kendall 1917 1849 Rev. Augustus C. Thompson 1893 1915 Rev. Arthur L. Gillett 1850 William T. Eustis 1868 1915 Arthur H. Wellman 1850 John Aiken 1865 1915 Henry H. Proctor 1919 1851 Daniel Safford 1856 1917 Rev. Edward D. Eaton' 1923 1854 Henry Hill 1865 1917 Charles S. Bates 1919 1856 Rev. Isaac Ferris 1857 1917 Charles A . Bliss 1919 1856 W alter S. Griffith 1870 1918 Frank B. Towne 1856 Rev. Asa D. Smith 1863 1919 Rev. Ashley D. Leavitt 1857 Alpheus Hardy 1886 1919 J. Livingston Grandin 1859 Linus Child 1870 1919 Arthur Perry 1923 1860 William S. Southworth 1865 1920 Rev. Arthur H. Bradford 1863 Rev. Albert Barnes 1870 1921 Charles S. Olcott 1863 Rev. Robert R. Booth 1870 1921 Rev. John H. Denison 1922 1865 Abner Kingman 1877 1922 Rev. George W . Owen 1865 Rev. Andrew L. Stone 1866 1922 Dr. Joel Goldthwaite 1924 1865 James M. Gordon 1876 1923 Rev. Shepherd Knapp 1866 Rev. Rufus Anderson 1875 1923 Franklin Warner 1868 Ezra Farnsworth . 1889 1924 Rev. Vaughan Dabney ♦Members of the Prudential Committee, ex Officers of the Board 271

Elected Service Ended Elected Service E nded

Corresponding Secretaries 1842 Rev. Daniel Crosby 1843 1888 Rev. Edward N. Packard 1915 1810 Rev. Samuel Worcester 1821 1915 Rev. Edward W. Capen 1821 Jeremiah Evarts 1831 1831 Rev. Elias Cornelius 1832 T reasurers 1832 Rev. Benjamin B. Wisner 1835 1832 Rev. Rufus Anderson 1866 1810 Samuel H . W alley 1811 1832 Rev. David Greene 1848 1811 Jeremiah Evarts 1822 1835 Rev. W illiam J. Armstrong 1847 1822 Henry Hill 1854 1847 Rev. Selah B. Treat 1877 1854 James M. Gordon 1865 1848 Rev. Swan L. Pomroy 1859 1865 Langdon S. Ward 1895 1852 Rev. George W . W ood 1871 1896 Frank H. Wiggin 1920 1865 Rev. Nathaniel G. Clark 1894 1920 Frederick A. Gaskins 1876 Rev. Edmund K. Alden 1893 1880 Rev. John O. Means 1883 1884 Rev. Judson Smith 1906 Assistant Treasurers 1893 Rev. Charles H. Daniels 1903 1894 Rev. James L. Barton 1895 Frank H. Wiggin 1896 1904 Rev. Cornelius H. Patton 1918 Miss Hester T. Babson 1920 1912 Rev. Edward Lincoln Smith 1921 1920 Harold B. Belcher 1921 Rev. W illiam E . Strong A u d itors Assistant Corresponding Secretaries 1810 Joshua Goodale 1812 1824 Rev. Rufus Anderson 1832 1812 Samuel H. Walley 1813 1828 Rev. David Greene 1832 1813 Charles Walley 1814 1814 Chester Adams 1817 Editorial Secretaries 1817 Ashur Adams 1822 1822 Chester Adams 1827 1894 Rev. Elnathan E. Strong 1914 1827 William Ropes 1829 1907 Rev. William E. Strong 1921 1829 John Tappan 1834 1921 Rev. Enoch F. Bell 1829 Charles Stoddard 1832 1832 William J. Hubbard 1842 Associate Secretaries 1834 Daniel Noyes 1835 1835 Charles Scudder 1847 1906 Harry Wade Hicks 1908 1842 Moses L. Hale 1868 1906 Rev. W illiam E . Strong 1907 1847 Samuel H. Walley 1876 1910 Rev. Enoch F. Bell 1921 1867 Joseph S. Ropes 1870 1910 Rev. D . Brewer Eddy 1868 Thomas H. Russell 1876 1921 Rev. Ernest W . Riggs 1870 Avery Plumer 1887 1874 Richard H . Stearns 1875 1875 Elbridge Torrey 1876 Recording Secretaries 1876 James M . Gordon 1892 1876 Arthur W. Tufts 1892 1810 Rev. Calvin Chapin 1843 1887 Joseph C. Tyler 1889 1843 Rev. Selah B. Treat 1847 1889 Samuel Johnson 1897 1847 Rev. Samuel M. Worcester 1866 1892 Richard H. Stearns 1896 1866 Rev. John O. Means 1881 1892 Edwin H. Baker 1923 1881 Rev. Henry A. Stimson 1915 1896 Elisha R. Brown 1901 1915 Rev. Oscar E. Maurer 1897 Henry E. Cobb 1908 1901 William B. Plunkett 1917 Assistant Recording Secretaries 1908 Herbert J. Wells 1918 Samuel Woolverton 1920 1836 Charles Stoddard 1839 1920 Henrv P. Kendall 1839 R ev. Bela B. Edwards 1842 1923 W. W. Mills PLACES OF MEETINGS AND PREACHERS

Year Place of Meeting Preacher Text

1810 Farmington ...... »N o Sermon 1811 Worcester...... »N o Sermon 1812 H a rtfo rd ...... *N o Sermon 1813 Boston ...... »Timothy Dwight, D .D ...... John x: 16 1814 New Haven ...... »James Richards, D .D ...... Ephesians iii: 8 1815 Salem ...... »Calvin Chapin, D .D ...... Psalm xcvi: 10 1816 Hartford ...... »Henry Davis, D .D ...... Psalm cxix: 96 1817 N ortham pton...... »Jesse Appleton, D .D ...... 1 Corinthians i: 21 1818 New Haven ...... »Samuel Spring, D .D ...... Acts viii: 30, 31 1819 Boston ...... »Joseph Lyman, D .D ...... Isaiah lviii: 12 1820 Hartford ...... »Eliphalet Nott, D .D ...... Mark xvi: 15. 1821 Springfield ...... ,...... »Jedidiah Morse, D .D ...... Psalm ii: 8 1822 New Haven ...... * Alexander Proudfit, D.D. .. .Malachi i: 11 1823 Boston ...... »Jeremiah D ay, D .D ...... Nehemiah vi: 3 1824 Hartford...... »Samuel Austin, D.D ...... Galatians i: 15, 16 1825 Northampton...... »Joshua Bates, D .D ...... John viii: 32 1826 Middletown ...... »Edward D . Griffin, D .D . Matthew xxviii: 18, 20 1827 New York ...... *Lyman Beecher, D .D ...... Luke xi: 21; Rev., etc. 1828 Philadelphia...... »John H. Rice, D .D ...... 2 Corinthians x: 4 1829 Albany ...... * Archibald Alexander, D.D. .Actsxi:18 1830 Boston ...... *Thomas De Witt, D .D ...... Matthew ix: 37, 38 1831 New Haven ...... »Leonard Woods, D .D ...... Isaiah lxii: 1, 2 1832 New York ...... »William Allen, D .D ...... John viii: 36 1833 Philadelphia...... »William Murray, D .D ...... 2 Corinthians x: 4 1834 U t i c a ...... »Gardner Spring, D .D ...... Matthew x: 6 1835 Baltimore...... »Samuel Miller, D .D ...... Numbers xiv: 21 1836 Hartford ...... »John Codman, D .D ...... Matthew x: 8 1837 Newark ...... »John McDowell, D .D ...... Acts iv: 12 1838 Portland...... »Herman Humphrey, D .D ... .Psalm cii: 13-16 1839 Troy ...... Thomas McAuley, D.D ...... Isaiah xi: 9 1840 Providence...... »Nathan S. S. Beman, D.D. .Psalm lxxii: 17 1841 Philadelphia...... * Justin Edwards, D .D ...... Zechariah iv: 9 1842 Norwich ...... »William R. De Witt, D.D. . .2 Corinthians v : 14 1843 Rochester...... »Thomas H. Skinner, D .D . . .Philippians iii: 13 1844 Worcester...... »Rev. Albert Barnes...... Luke xiv: 28-32 1845 Brooklyn...... »Mark Hopkins, D .D ...... Psalm lv: 22 1846 New Haven ...... »Joel Hawes, D .D ...... 1 Samuel vii: 12 1847 Buffalo ...... »David Magie, D .D ...... Isaiah xxxii: 15 1848 Boston ...... »Isaac Ferris, D .D ...... Matthew vi: 20 1849 Pittsfield...... »Samuel H. Cox, D .D ...... Daniel vii: 27 1850 Oswego ...... »Richard S. Storrs, D .D ...... 1 Corinthians xv: 58 1851 Portland...... »David H. Riddle, D .D ...... Isaiah xli: 14, 15 1852 Troy ...... »Leonard Bacon, D .D ...... 2 Corinthians v: 7 1853 Cincinnati...... »William Adams, D .D ...... Matthew viii: 38 1854 Hartford ...... »Charles White, D .D ...... Matthew vi: 10 1855 U t i c a ...... »Nehemiah Adams, D .D ...... Galatians ii: 20 1856 Newark ...... »George W . Bethune, D .D .... 1 Timothy i: 15 1857 Providence...... »M . LaRue P.Thompson.D.D. Matthew xxviii: 20 1858 Detroit ...... »George Shepard, D .D ...... Luke xi: 41 1859 Philadelphia...... * Robert W . Patterson...... Matthew xiii: 33 1860 Boston ...... »Samuel W . Fisher, D .D ...... Isaiah xiv, 1-6: xliii: 21 1861 Cleveland...... * Richard S. Storrs, D . D ...... 1 Corinthians 1: 28 1862 Springfield ...... »Henry Smith, D .D ...... John xvii: 20, 21 1863 Rochester...... »Elisha L. Cleveland, D .D ... .Luke xxiv: 45-47 1864 Worcester...... »Johnathan B. Condit, D.D. .Philippians ii: 15, 16 1865 Chicago ...... * Ed ward N . Kirk, D .D ...... 2 Corinthians v: 7 1866 Pittsfield...... *Laurens P. Hickok, D . D . Philippians ii: 10, 11 1867 Buffalo ...... »Joseph P. Thompson, D .D .. .John i: 4 1868 Norwich ...... »Henry A. Nelson, D .D ...... John xii: 32 1869 Pittsburg ...... »John Todd,D.D ...... Malachi: 1, 11 1870 B rooklyn...... »Johnathan F. Stearns, D .D . Matthew xxviii: 18-20 1871 Salem ...... »Truman M. Post, D .D ...... Mark x: 45 1872 New Haven ...... »Samuel C. Bartlett, D .D . . .. 1 Corinthians ii: 1-5 1873 Minneapolis...... »Julius H . Seelye, D . D ...... Romans iv: 25 1874 Rutland ...... »Henry M . Scudder, D .D ...... Romans x: 14, 15 1875 Chicago...... »Israel W . Andrews, D .D ...... Romans i: 14 1876 Hartford ...... »William M. Taylor, D .D . Ezekiel xlvii: 9 1877 Providence...... '...... »James H . Fairchild, D .D . . . . 1 John iv: 20 1878 Milwaukee ...... »Henry H . Jessup, D .D ...... Address 1879 Syracuse...... »George F. Magoun, D.D. .. .Matthew xxviii: 18, 19 1880 Lowell...... »Jacob M. Manning, D.D. ...Revelation xxi: 1 »Deceased 272 Places of Meetings 273

Year Place of Meeting Preacher Text

1881 St. Louis ...... »A . J. F . Behrends, D .D ...... Luke xiv: 28, 30 1882 Portland...... »Edward P. Goodwin, D.D. .Acts xiii: 2 1883 Detroit ...... »William M. Barbour, D.D. .Markxii:31 1884 Columbus...... »Aaron L. Chapin, D .D ...... Acts xx: 24 1885 B oston ...... »George Leon Walker, D.D. .Hebrews xi: 13, 39, 40 1886 Des Moines ...... »John L. Withrow, D .D ...... Acts xxvi: 17, 18 1887 Springfield ...... »Frederick A. Noble, D.D. . .Lukexi:2 1888 Cleveland...... »Henry Hopkins, D .D ...... John xiv: £; Eph. 1, 23 1889 New York ...... »Llewellyn Pratt, D .D ...... John xx: 21-23 1890 Minneapolis...... »Arthur Little, D .D ...... John xii: 24 1891 Pittsfield...... »Edwin B. Webb, D.D ...... 1 Corinthians iii: 9 1892 C h icago...... »Daniel March, D .D ...... Matthew xxi: 5 1893 Worcester...... »Albert J. Lyman, D .D ...... 1 Corinthians ix: 19^23 1894 Madison ...... *T. Eaton Clapp, D.D ...... Acts xi: 18 1895 B rooklyn...... George A. Gordon, D .D ...... 1 Corinthians ii: 2 1896 Toledo ...... »Edward N. Packard, D.D. . .Acts ii: 14-18 1897 New Haven ...... Nehemiah Boynton, D.D. . .John xxi: 17 1898 Grand Rapids ...... R. R. Meredith, D.D ...... Luke iv: 18 1899 Providence...... »George C. Adams, D .D ...... John x: 10 1900 St. Louis i ...... Edward C. Moore, D .D ...... 1 Kings xix: 7 ■ 1901 Hartford ...... Edward D. Eaton, LL.D. ... Matthew xi: 4, 5 1902 Oberlin ...... Newell D . Hillis, D .D ...... Matt, xiii: 33; Mark viii: 24 1903 Manchester ...... »Willard G. Sperry, D .D ...... Revelation xiv: 1 1904 Grinnell...... »Reuen Thomas, D .D ...... 2 Corinthians vi: 11-13 1905 S e a ttle...... »R ev. Joseph H . Twichell . . . Romans i: 14 1906 Williamstown and North Adams »George A. Gates, D.D ...... 2 Corinthians v : 14 1907f Cleveland...... George A. Gordon, D .D . . . .John xvii: 3 1908 B rooklyn...... Charles S. Mills, D.D ...... Job xxvii: John xiv: 9 1909 Minneapolis...... »Washington Gladden, D .D .. .Isaiah Ix: 4-5 191 Of B oston ...... W . Douglas Mackenzie, D.D.John iii: 16 1911 Milwaukee ...... Arthur H. Smith, D .D ...... Isaiah, xiv: 23 1912 Portland...... Watson L. Phillips, D .D . __ John xiii: 13; Luke vi: 46 1913f Kansas C ity ...... Charles E. Jefferson, D .D . . .Job xxiii: 3; John i: 39 1914 Detroit ...... Dan F. Bradley, J5.D ...... Gal. iv: 4; Rev. xxii: 10 1915t New Haven ...... Ozora S. Davis, D .D ...... John xvii: 39; M att, x: 39 and xxiii: 8 1916 Toledo ...... G. Glenn Atkins, D .D ...... Revelation xix: 12 I917t Columbus...... Charles S. Mills, D.D ! Isaiah xiv: 32; Johnvi:28,29 1918 Hartford...... Harry P. Dewey, D .D ...... Revelation i: 3 1919 f Grand Rapids ...... Raymond Calkins, D .D ...... Ephesiabs v: 27 1920 Marietta ...... Francis J. Van Horn, D .D . . 1921 Brookline ...... Charles E. Jefferson, D .D . . . Isaiah xxx: 26 1922 Evanston...... Oscar E . Maurer, D . D ...... Psalm xi 1923t Springfield...... S. Parkes Cadman, D . D Philippiana i: 4, 9 , 10» 11 1924 Providence...... Robert Russell Wicks, D. D ... Luke xv: 6

»Deceased. tUniting with National Congregational Council.