. THE AMERICAN 20c. JULY 1969

MAGAZINE

THE RUCKUS OVER THE CENSUS

. E YOU LAUGHING AT? u,/ Goodman Ace

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The American JULY 1969

Volume 87, Number 1

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Magazine The American Legion Magazine Editorial & Advertising Offices 720 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10019 Contents for July 1969 Publisher. James F. O'Neil Editor Robert B. Pitkin THE LAST OF WASHINGTON'S ARMY 4 CAMP Art Editor A PICTORIAL FEATURE Al Marshall

One hour's drive from New York City the site of the last encampment Assistant Editors of our Revolutionary army is still preserved at New Windsor, John -Andreola Mario V. Lubrano N.Y., on the edge of the New York Thruway. Associate Editors Roy Miller THE RUCKUS OVER THE CENSUS 5 James S. Swartz BY VERNON LOUVIERE Assistant Art Editor Walter H. Boll A look at the 1970 Census, and the pros and cons of the storm it has kicked up, with s.ome historical background. Production Manager Art Bretzficld Copy Editor THE STORY OF ETHAN ALLEN—VERMONT'S Grail S. Hanford

WILD GIANT 10 Circulation Manager BY RICHARD WOLKOMIR Dean B. Nelson Indianapolis, Ind. What do you know about Ethan Allen besides the fact that he Advertising Sales Representatives led the Green Mountain Boys at Fort Ticonderoga? Here's a lot more about this rough, tough, profane giant. New York—Chicago Robert Redden .'\sso('iates. Inc. Ill West ,57th Street INVITING 16 New York, N.Y. 10019 ARE YOU BURGLARS? 212-246-2516 BY DAVID LOTH California In the coming year, some 700,000 burglaries will take place in the JE Publishers' Representative Co. nation's homes. Here are some of the reasons why they can 8380 Melrose Avenue happen, and what householders can do to reduce them. Los .Angeles, California 90069 420 Market Street San Francisco, California 94111 WHAT ARE YOU LAUGHING AT? 22 The American Legion BY GOODMAN ACE Publications Commission: One of the deans of American comedy writers wrestles with James E. Powers, Macon. On. (Cllairman); Benjamin B. Truskoski, Bristol, Conn, (Vice the problem of what is and isn't funny on radio and TV. Chairman); James R. Kelley, Radnor, Pa.

(National Commander's Representative ) ; Lang Armstrong, Spokane, Wash.; Charles E. Booth, TO CELEBRATE THE FOURTH OF JULY 27 Huntington, W. Va.; Adolph F. Bremer, A PICTORIAL FEATURE Winona, Minn,; Clovis Copeland, Little Rock, Ark.; Raymond Fields, Guymon, Okla.; Chris In a letter to his wife Abigail, John Adams prophesied a national Hernandez, Savannah, Ga.; Mylio S. Kraja. celebration of Independence Day by succeeding generations. Youngstown, Ohio; Russell H. Laird, Des Moines, Iowa; George D. Levy, Sumter, S.C.; Frank C. Love, Syracuse, N.Y.; Morris Meyer, SHOULD WE HAVE A MANDATORY RETIREMENT Starkville, Miss.; J. H. Morris, Baton Rouge, La.; Harry H. SchafTer, Pittsburgh, Pa.; AGE FOR MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATIVE Stephen F. Steele, Faribault, Minn.; Bradley JUDICIAL J. Stephens, Los Altos, Calif.; George B. AND BRANCHES? 30 Stover, Jonestown, Pa.; Wayne L. Talbert, TWO SIDES OF A NATIONAL QUESTION Delphi, Ind.; J. Cornelius Tromp, Manhattan. pro: rep. GEORGE BUSH (R-TEX.) III.; Robert H. Wilder, Dadeville, Ala.; E. con: rep. CLAUDE PEPPER (D-FLA.) Meade Wilson, Mulberry, Fla.; Edward Mc- Sweeney, New York, N.Y. (Consultant)

The American Legion Magazine is published ATLANTA'S CIVIL WAR CYCLORAMA 50 monthly at 1100 West Broadway, Louisville, A PICTORIAL FEATURE Ky. 40201 by The .\raerican Legion, Copyright 1969 The American A peek at part of one of the impressive things to see at the by Legion. Second-class postage paid at Louisville, Ky. Price : single Legion's Convention in Atlanta, Ga., this August. copy. 20 cents; yearly subscription, S2.00. Order nonmember subscriptions from the Cir. eolation Department of The American Legion. Departments P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. Editorial and advertising offices: 720 5th Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019. Wholly owned by LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 2 PERSONAL 45 The .American Legion, with National Head- DATELINE WASHINGTON 21 LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS 47 quarters at Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. William C. Doyle, National Commander, VETERANS NEWSLETTER 32 LEGION SHOPPER 55 NEWS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION 33 PARTING SHOTS 56 NONMEMBER SUBSCRIPTIONS Send name and address, including ZIP num- ber, with S2 check or money order to Manuscripts, artwork, cartoons submitted for consideration will not be returned unless a self-addressed, Circulation Dept., P. O. Box 1954, Indian- stamped envelope is included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. apolis, Ind. -16206. POSTMASTER: Send Form 3579 to P.O. Box 1954 Indianapolis, Ind. 46206

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 1 kept and used, now I have the answers to most of my questions. One unan- LETTERS TO THE EDITOR swered question is, however, can a per- son with infectious hepatitis donate. I had it nine years ago. Is it still active? Can I give safely?

Letters published do not necessarily ex- been there in April, I can only say to all Mrs. Lola Helton press the policy oj The American Legion. Ontario, Calif. Keep letters short. Name and address must who can, go and enjoy it. The park has be iurnished. Expressions of opinion and wonderful water, clean rest rooms and requests for personal services are appreci- parking sites. There is a two-year waiting period ated, but they cannot be acknowledged or many and tent answered, due to lack of magazine staff for Mrs. Stuart Armstrong after a person has had the disease be- personal serv- these purposes. Requests for Penn Yan, N.Y. fore the Red Cross will accept his ices which may be legitimately asked of The American Legion should be made to blood, for research only. your Post Service Officer or your state (Department) American Legion Hq. Send MORSE'S TELEGRAPH editor to: Letters. The letters to the sir: I read Robert Silverberg's "The SIR: Even though it is comparatively American Legion Magazine, 720 5th Ave- painless to blood, I find nue. New York. N.Y. 10019. Story of Samuel F.B. Morse and the donate would the Telegraph" (May) with perhaps more situation much more comfortable if I could take something which would re- TERMITES: FRINGE BENEFITS interest and concern than most, as I am a great great grandson of Morse's. I was lax me and keep my stomach from com- sir: After finishing the article, "Termites quite pleased and proud the story ap- ing up and hitting me in the throat every in Your Home" (June), I began to won- peared. My cousin, Miss Leila Livingston time I make a donation. I believe more der if termites possibly serve any useful Morse, his granddaughter who is now 90 people would donate blood if it were purpose. Unable to satisfy my curiosity years old, was delighted. not for the nervous reaction they ex- with home reference books, I toss the An interesting fact about Morse and perience at the time. question to you. his telegraph is that he offered it to the Harry Doweiko Walter A. Stevenson R.I. State of Texas as gift. I not sure Cranston, Metuchen, N.J. a am whether the letter making the offer has ever been found. The Texas Archive, If it's O.K. with your doctor to take According to Austin M. Frishman, au- however, has Morse's letter to Sam tranquilizers, the Red Cross doesn't ob- thor of the article, termites play an im- Houston withdrawing the offer because ject. Occasionally, donors who are tak- portant role in hastening the break- no reply was ever made. It has been said ing them for other reasons give blood. down of dead trees. This is essential to that had Texas accepted the offer, the The Red Cross, however, does not dis- insure a continued source of elements state would be so wealthy it would be pense them. needed for production of new plant and unnecessary to have any state taxes. animal life. As with any living or- Robt. F.B. Morse sir: We would like to congratulate you ganism, termites fit into a complex web Georgetown, Tex. on your excellent article on blood. It was of plant and animal interactions. (Ed. informative, well written, and we be- Note: Termites are also of value to lieve it will be of great help in our donor crossword puzzle makers and solvers. ALLSTATE'S INSURANCE POLICY recruitment program. It is sometimes speculated that cross- SIR: Your article on auto insurance, "The Doris Fishbeck words could hardly have gotten started Dilemmas of Auto Insurance" (April), Lansing Regional without the aardvark and the aard- noted that at the Senate hearings some- Red Cross Blood Program vark could hardly exist without ter- one expressed the view that Allstate Lansing, Mich. mites.) had pioneered in intense selectivity and the rest of the companies had been OUR FOOD forced to do likewise. This was the stated sir: On behalf of the American Associa- opinion of a of another tion of Blood Banks, please accept our sir: May I commend you for the timely member com- sincere appreciation for the article on article by Raymond Schuessler on "How pany, and we fear that it might lead blood donors. It does an excellent job Pure Is Our Food?" in the May issue. your readers to associate Allstate with of telling your readers why a good sup- As an answer to the excessive nitrates any or all of the practices which were ply of blood is so important in entering our food and water from the cited in the article as causes of com- whole maintaining quality health care across use of nitrate fertilizers, many farmers plaint. our nation. You certainly realize that are learning to use organic fertilizers Would you do us the kindness to pub- one of the main problems in blood bank- made from raw rock materials and com- lish the fact that in 1960 Allstate pio- ing is informing the public this need, posted animal manures. This restores the neered in offering auto insurance that of and you and our many other friends in natural fertility of the soils and produces would be noncancelable by the com- the news media are to be commended high quality foods. pany after the first 60 days, and whose support. Joe D. Nichols, MD., President renewability is guaranteed for five for your John N. Kemp Natural Food Associates years? The only other conditions are Atlanta, Tex. that the drivers be licensed and the American Association of Blood Banks premiums be paid. Austin, Tex. sir: The searching article on our foods The insured may cancel such a policy, it, at is outstanding. Thanks for bringing the or fail to renew any time, but on sir: My compliments for publishing the subject before the public. its part Allstate gives a five-year re- excellent article on blood and blood Dr. Jack D. Millis newal guarantee. We also raise or lower banks. More articles such as this one are Frankfort, Kan. the rates according to the driving record needed in order to educate the public on of the motorist and his family under our the great need for this vital product. ATLANTA'S STONE MOUNTAIN PARK Good Driver Plan, which your article Josephine Haynie, Executive Director suggested was a fair basis for being se- Palm Beach Blood Bank, Inc. sir: I would like to congratulate you on lective. West Palm Beach, Fla. your article, "A Look at Atlanta, Geor- Robert Leys gia" (May). It is every bit as nice as you Allstate Insurance Companies in- state. And for those who have trailers sir: When contributing to charitable Northbrook, III. and are attending the National Conven- stitutions the donor can take the con- off tax. If made tion, it would be a wonderful vacation tribution his income we to take their whole family and stay at THE BLOOD DONOR PROGRAM blood donations deductible, say at $50 a surplus Stone Mountain. It is a delightful place sir: Your article, "Why Is It Tough To pint, I'm sure there would be a and children could enjoy so many things Get Blood?" (April) was so super- on hand to save human lives. Andersen there as well as adults. It is close to the charged with get up and give that I want George city and there are good freeways. Having to. I have often wondered how blood is San Francisco, Calif.

THE AMER CAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 ELLIS ISLAND ARCHITECTS commend Paul Ditzel for his article, to "Mail Call Vietnam," Villanova Uni- sir: Mr. Robert Angus, author of "The "The Fantastic Struggles of the Monitor versity, Villanova, Pa. 19085. Please do Story of Ellis Island" (April), in his and the Merrimac," in the same issue. not seal the envelopes. We guarantee most interesting story referred to the Glenn Tucker that the cards will reach Vietnam for architectural team which designed the Fairview, N.C. the Christmas season. The cards should immigration station on Ellis as "Barling not be addressed to any single individual & Tilton." May I correct this? It was the SEEKS INFORMATION ABOUT SON since they are sent in bulk. They must team of "Boring & Tilton." William A. sir: I would appreciate hearing from reach us by Sept. 15, 1969. Boring and Edward L. Tilton were young veterans of the 196th Lt. Inf. Brig., Thomas D. Treacy, National Director architects when they won the compe- Americal Div. who participated in the "Mail Call Vietnam" tition for the work on Ellis and this 1968 Mothers Day operation at Khsim Villanova, Pa. success was a wonderful spur to their Due, Vietnam, and who were acquainted practice. They both had long and honor- with my son, William E. (Skip) Skiv- BADGES AND INSIGNIA able careers in their profession. Mr. ington, Jr., listed as missing in action in sir: For your readers who enjoyed the Boring was later Dean of the School of that operation. November article, "How Our Divisions Architecture at Columbia University. William E. Skivington, Sr. Got Their Shoulder Patches," and par- H. Vandervoort Walsh P.O. Box 2181 ticularly for those whose Army unit was New York, N.Y. Jackass Flats, Nev. 89023 not included in the illustrations, they might be further interested in "Ameri- IRONCLAD CASE? PROJECT MAIL CALL can Badges and Insignia," by Evans E. sir: Though you may be pilloried, please sir: "Mail Call Vietnam" is a program Kerrigan (Viking Press, 1967) . This very stand your ground on your spelling of set up and dedicated to American Forces complete presentation contains 90 pages the Merrimac (Editor's Corner, March). in Vietnam. All Americans can partici- and 480 black-and-white illustrations of President Lincoln and Secretary of the pate because it does not criticize or en- corps badges cmd shoulder insignia from Navy Welles spelled her Merrimac. John dorse the war. It is a "voluntary expres- Civil War to date. L. Worden, who commanded the Moni- sion of concern for those serving in the Ralph D. Salisbury tor, called his antagonist Merrimac. The Armed Forces in Vietnam." Watsonville, Calij. Confederate Secretary of the Navy, who The program is simple. Christmas rechristened her Virginia, used no final cards are shipped to U.S.O. Clubs, hos- CENTURY DIV. HISTORY AVAILABLE k. Surely she was without it when she pitals and Company Commanders in sir: The published history of the 100th fought the battle. As to the Merrimack Vietnam. They are often dropped into Infantry (Century) Division during River for which she was named, Thoreau combat areas on Christmas to boost the WW2 is still available, though the num- put on a k, but Whittier, born and reared morale of the men serving their country ber of copies is limited. Anyone inter- near its banks, did not. He quoted Sieur over 3,000 miles from home. ested in purchasing a copy contact De Monte, who wrote, in 1604, of a beau- We are now asking any individual or Anthony F. Tom tiful river the Indians called the Merri- groups of individuals who might be in- 136 Grand View Ave. mac. Yes, indeed, stand your ground, and terested to send signed Christmas cards Bridgeport, Conn. 06606

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 3 —

•J i

Tie Last Camp of Washington's^ Army

Restored buildings and old cannon on Temple Hill, near picnic grove.

TENS OF THOUSANDS of people whiz it or discharge it while the peace treaty the Thruway had chopped up the Massa- along the New York Thruway every with England was being negotiated. For chusetts encampment. Then diggings

year, unaware that just west of New years only a monument marked Temple showed that it had missed the Bay State Windsor, N.Y., they drive along the edge Hill. Until 1965 the Association feared hutsite by yards. Precise Revolutionary of the last encampment of George Wash- maps of the camp ground remain today. ington's Revolutionary army. New In the reconstructed Publick Hall a

Windsor is about 55 miles up the Hudson model of the encampment, as it was, is from New York City, a few minutes on display. In the summertime one may drive south of Newburgh. At Newburgh, find archaeology students unearthing the the headquarters of Washington and his foundations and fireplaces of the long staff is well preserved and well-known, rows of soldiers' huts, and the remains of but the huge campsite of his army at their arms and utensils. Many buildings New Windsor was hardly preserved and on Temple Hill have been reconstructed.

barely known to the general public until In one is a long diorama of the Revolu- a private group of history bufifs, The tionary army on the march, created by Temple Hill Association, set out to re- Paul Buckley. It is one of the most popu-

store it and opened it to the public as a lar exhibits there. The Association long still-growing outdoor historical museum feared that private construction might

in 1965. Temple Hill is the high ground destroy the whole site and it urged its where Washington built a combined members to buy up all the land they

"Publick Hall" and Masonic temple. It could and hold it. But New York has now was used as a meeting hall for his field made the site a State Park, and thus pre- officers. There Washington met with, served those considerable parts that are This them to put down mutiny in an army student took summer job as not already settled by homes and busi- "Revolutionary sentry" at Temple disaffected by Congress' failure to pay ness. THE END Hill. Building is part of restored "Publick Hall."

Some New Windsor neighbors volunteered to help restore site An archaeology student who came to New Windsor in the sum- and donated relics from their houses, farms. This volunteer mer of 1966 to unearth soldiers' huts. Foundations and fire- shows an antique padlock that he gave to blacksmith shop. places lie under shallow earth, with pottery remains. :

THE RUCKUS OVER THE CENSUS

Some pros and cons of criticism

of present plans for the 1970

United States census.

By VERNON LOUVIERE

THE U.S. Census Bureau may inquire of you next April if you have a flush toilet and if anyone other than your family uses your bathtub or shower. If you think this is none of the government's damned busmess, some agree with you and some don't. These are just two of the ques- tions that will be asked in the 1970 census, a mammoth statistical inquiry that has been going on in this country every ten years since the birth of the Republic. The federal census was first ordained for two purposes— (1) to determine the size of the population so that there can be equality of representation in Congress, and (2) to ascertain the military strength of the country. This was spelled out by Congress in setting up the first census in 1790. Congress has laid the groundwork for each decade's census since then, expanding the list of questions and tailoring them to collect additional information about our population as the young frontier nation gradually grew to its present industrial and military might. Never before in history, however, has the census been under such a cloud of suspicion and been subjected to such recrimination and attack as it is today. There were, at last count, 132 individual bills in the House of Representatives alone, designed in one way or an- other to eliminate what many believe to be an uncalled for invasion of privacy on the part of the government. A House committee is holding on-the-spot hearings on them in various parts of the country. If this is not "Big Brother" government at work then why, the critics demand, is Uncle Sam going to the trouble of asking, in some cases, up to 89 questions ranging from race to the number of babies a woman has had and whether a person worked the week previously or how much time a man spent in military service? Secretary of Commerce Maurice H. Stans, whose department over- sees the work of the Bureau of the Census, provides some of the answers "Census data are used by every federal government department, state and local governments, and the private sector. Many laws de- pend upon accurate census reports. Questions such as those on hous- ing are specifically required by statute. Government programs on poverty, housing, education, welfare, agriculture, transportation, centralized information would be of im- oNTiNUED The Ruckus Over the Census mense value to scholars; business, and federal, state and local agencies was veterans and senior citizens require and unwarranted government snooping. It drowned in a storm of protest. Rep. Cor- rely upon tlie census tabulations. Many very likely stems from growing fear in nelius E. Gallagher (N.J.), named chair- of the decisions of the Congress would recent years over government use of man of a special House committee to be almost impossible in the absence of electronic listening devices and now of air opposition to the data bank proposal, reliable census data." computers to keep tabs on the activities set the tone for the investigation when For those who have sought to hang of its citizens. But more than anything he said: the tag of "Big Brother" on the Census else, some of it is also traced to the furor "In order to create more benefits, gov- Bureau, no single question has provided created by the government announce- ernments think they need to know more more ammunition than the one in the ment a couple of years ago that it was about their people. The more govern- housing census form which asks, "Do looking into the possibility of establish- ment knows, the less the individual has you have a bathtub or shower?" and to which it was first proposed that a citizen must respond: • Yes, for this household only • Yes, but shared with another house- hold • No bathtub or shower The word "shared" has heaped untold grief on the shoulders of our census folks. Antagonistic Congressmen and needling editorial writers immediately seized this to mean, "Are you sharing it with the girl down the hall or the wife of your next door neighbor?" It has con- jured up visions of the government doing a Kinsey probe on the sex lives of Ameri- cans. Bowing to pressure, the Census Bu- reau has now changed the second answer to read, "Yes, but also used by another household." The government justifies the need for such information with this explanation: "The absence of a kitchen and/or a bathroom for the exclusive use of the household is a major indicator of urban blight and slum conditions. This infor- mation is needed by the departments of Health, Education and Welfare, and Housing and Urban Development and other federal, state and local agencies." The Census Bureau did not dream up Census results, covering about 205,000,000 people, will be tabulated on computers like these. all these questions by itself. In preparing the 1 970 questionnaire it invited sugges- ing a national information bank. left himself is his tions from everybody who uses census data of which own. The more the government accumulates data statistics. It held meetings with many in- What the government had in mind was dividuals and organizations and with to pull together into a single computer on the individual, the more the govern- feels it needs to know." officials of every branch of government, operation the millions and millions of ment statistics it things Prof. of and it conducted public hearings in 23 compiles on people and Alan F. Westin Columbia in countless departments, bureaus Univ., author of the "Privacy and cities across the country at which it let and book, anyone who cared be heard. agencies. On the surface this would seem Freedom," testified, "The trend toward efficient collection personal The Bureau began with a list of ques- to be a practical and way for greatly increased of its information tions far longer than the list which will the government to centralize record data, exchange of among be used next April. In the pruning proc- keeping and make information readily the collectors and consolidation of such ess many questions were eliminated available at the push of a computer but- personal information into central data either because they were not in the broad ton. banks represents by far the most serious public interest or because they were con- The government proposal immedi- threat to privacy in the coming decade." sidered too personal. ately set in motion a Congressional in- One of the principal contributors of

Among those culled from the list were vestigation into government snooping. It facts and figures to such a computer questions dealing with religion, union was quickly pointed out that the names center would, of course, be the Census membership, smoking, moonlighting of most Americans would be fed into the Bureau, the only official agency that con- jobs, child spacing, expected family size, data bank—from Social Security files, ducts a door-to-door interrogation of number of household pets and availa- police records, medical and psychiatric American citizens for its accepted pur- bility of oflf-street parking. histories, court actions, security reports pose of presenting a needed statistical The questions being posed in the 1970 and from numerous other sources. Such picture of the composite American citi- census are actually not greatly different a listing is estimated to contain no less zen. Many other agencies collect data from those put to citizens ten years ago. than 2.8 billion entries. in other ways. But now there is more apprehension over The government argument that this No fewer than 22 federal agencies

6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 with a total budget for this purpose ex- and reports of emotional difficulties; em- these penalties raised from the present ceeding $125 million are engaged in the ployment files have personality inven- maximum of two years in prison and a business of gathering statistics. None of tories and hospital records, and business $1,000 fine to five years imprisonment them escape criticism. and marketing communities are con- and a $5,000 fine. Rep. William L. Scott (Va.) says: "In- stantly taking surveys." "Not even J. Edgar Hoover can see assistant formation seekers seem to be invading The flood of opposition generates such our records," Edwin Goldfield, director for statistical information at the every aspect of our lives. The federal headlines as "Computer Feared as Mon- government has our personal income tax ster Snooper," "Don't Tell It to the Com- Census Bureau, has asserted. In fact, puter." "The Punchcard Snooper." even the President of the United States returns, our responses to the census ques- and Harvard Business Review says this is denied access to information about an tionnaires, our social security records, The applications for passports, and military and civilian and government employ- ment records; schools have IQ scores

EORGE TAMES

Once used only for retirement records. Social Security numbers now Identify us in many other areas. Critics ask if census data could not have same fate.

"getting together" of knowledge, not individual that's contained in these files. computerization per se, poses a serious Census officials insist they are not in- threat to our basic beliefs in an individ- terested in a person's identity, only the ual's right to privacy. statistics he represents. Only a handful Even U.S. Supreme Court Justice Wil- of Census employees are able to connect liam O. Douglas has jumped into the a person with his individual statistics. fray. He says, "If a centralized data When an individual's questionnaire is re- center is established, as proposed, and ceived at Census headquarters his name all the contents of personnel files are and address are automatically separated

poured into it, the privacy in this nation from the data on the questionnaire. The will be drastically diluted." pertinent information, minus the re- As much as the Census Bureau is ma- spondent's identity, is fed into a com-

ligned in the current controversy, it can puter via magnetic tape where it is mixed

boast it has never had to impose on any in with information on the other anony- of its employees the severe penalties of mous 200 million Americans. imprisonment and fines set by Congress By law, the census form cannot be for revealing census information from used "for purposes of taxation, investi- its files. gation or regulation." The law, however, Still, this fear of disclosure persists does not go far enough, as far as Con- Census critic Rep. Jackson Betts (Ohio) holds one form planned for use in 1970. and one Congressman would like to see gressman Cornelius Gallagher of New THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 ^ its own surveys. Why should the tax- CONTINUED The Ruckus Over the Census payers pay for it?

"Our right to privacy is getting pretty

Jersey is concerned. He points out: the 1970 census on the ground that it theoretical these days," said the News.

"It (the law) does not state what violates the Fourth Amendment. The "There always is some nibnose, govern- census data can be used for, and the Committee states: ment or otherwise, wanting to know question of what this data can be used "The Constitution provides for an whether we sleep on the left or right for is becoming an increasingly serious enumeration every ten years in order to side or use cream in our coffee." one." apportion the U.S. House of Representa- The Washington Star, on the other Nobody can deny that the government tives, but Census officials have distorted hand, feels that anyone who finds the has long tended to broaden the use of this mandate into an official, unlimited, bathroom-sharing question objectionable personal records that were first set up unbridled and unquestionable right to must "indeed be afflicted with a gallop- for a specific purpose. Take your Social pry." ing case of the Big Brother syndrome." Security number, for example. It is now used for many more purposes than re- PiC tirement record-keeping, as was origi- nally intended. A serviceman's Social Security number is now his military se- rial number. The SS number is required UNITED STATES CENSUS on federal income tax returns and more recently became a requirement on cen- sus forms.

Such an example gives critics a leg to This is your Official Census Form stand on when complaining that Ameri- cans have no control over what use will Please fill it out and mail it back __1234 Main Street be made of census information. Con- on Census Day, Wednesday, gressman Gallagher picks up that theme Hometown. U. 3. A. 10000 April 1. 1970 . If tht addrm sfiown a6ovt hot tha wrong to demand guarantees that: "if every citi- apanmtnt idwtification. pftc*« Mriic tho zen must answer the Census Bureau's correct oporuiint numb*r or /ocolion htn: request for information under penalty of fine or imprisonment, or both, then he should be guaranteed the right to know into what sort of statistical surveys the How To Fill This Form information he must supply will be fed.

"He should be told if the information 1. Use a black pencil to answer the questions. 3. Your answers are CONFIDENTIAL. The law he gives will be made available, for a This form is read by an electronic computer. (Title 13, United States Code) requires that Black pencil is better to use than ballpoint or you answer the questions to the best of your certain price, to those parties who would other pens. knowledge. like to be able to predict on the basis Fill circles "O" like this: • Your answers will be used only for statistical of it what kind of car he would probably buy, what kind of a house he would About 60% of the population will receive this greeting from the Census Bureau. probably look for, and what kind of can- didate he would probably vote for in a The committee was formed in 1967 The American Civil Liberties Union, political election." "to challenge the right of the Census Bu- which the Star called "the most eager of The relationship between census data reau to force millions of Americans to the Big Brother watchers," has supported and political elections is not so far- disclose the most intimate details of their the concept of compulsory census an-

fetched as it may seem. Ithiel de Sola private lives in order to satisfy the de- swers, the Star said. Pool, an MIT sociologist, has illustrated mands of government computers—com- Census officials have spent endless how census data can be developed into puters over which there is virtually no hours trying to counter these editorial a highly systematic forecast of a Presi- control." barbs. William H. Chartener, Assist- dential election. Working with a group Some influential newspapers have ant Secretary of Commerce for Eco- of political scientists and mathemati- joined the forces of opposition. The Mil- nomic Affairs, finally took on one of cians. Dr. de Sola Pool constructed a waukee Sentinel noted in an editorial last the census' antagonists to try to set the statistical model of the United States year that while the Senate was debating record straight. In a speech before a based on census information for every government wiretapping, the Census Bu- group of businessmen in Hot Springs, county, the past political voting records reau was doing a dry-run census survey Ark., he said: of each county, and public opinion polls in various parts of the country. "I have been dismayed to find distor- showing the tendency of various kinds "Isn't the proposed Census question- tions of this question even in three sepa- of people to vote Democratic or Repub- naire an invasion of privacy, just as elec- rate editorials in the Wall Street Journal, lican. tronic surveillance is?" the newspaper a publication which ordinarily displays "There is grave cause for concern that asked. "The ordinary, law-abiding, tax- scrupulous regard for facts and the Eng- a 'power elite' could easily grow out of paying private citizen ought to be en- lish language. a national data bank in any form, and titled to as much protection from gov- "On August 29, 1966, the Census was particularly that which the Census Bu- ernment prying as the syndicate criminal quoted as asking, 'What's the condition reau seems in the process of creating," is." of your plumbing?' A year later on Oc- Representative Gallagher asserts. "Unless Congress acts soon," the Wall tober 10, 1967, the Journal's statement While criticism of the census has Street Journal warned, "before you know was altered to read, 'Do you have a com- hardly reached ground swell proportions it 1970—and the insulting demands of plete bathroom and if you do, how many from the citizenry at large, there is an a faceless agency—will be here." people do you share it with?' [The Wall organization at work that is dedicated An indignant Washington Daily News Street Journal's] most recent reference

to fencing it in. Called the National complained, "If the plumbing industry to the census, on June 4, 1969, declares

Right to Privacy Committee, it opposes wants a census of flush toilets, let it do that a citizen will be asked with whom 8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 — )

birth, marital status and whether a re- ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS FOR EACH PERSON IN YOUR HOUSEHOLD spondent is a resident or a visitor in a household.

2. HOW IS EACH PERSON RELATED TO THE 3. SEX Legislation along these lines cleared HEAD OF THIS HOUSEHOLD? the Senate last year but too late for the House to act before adjournment. On Pill one circle. that occasion the Senate Post Oflfice and Civil Service Committee asserted: If "Other relative of head" also give exact relationship, for example, "Census questions are broad and in mother-in-law, brother, niece, grandson, etc. some cases invade areas of citizens' per-

Pill one sonal households and activities which go If "Other not related to head," also give exact relationship, for example, circle far beyond the necessity for enumera- partner, maid, etc. tion. Although State and local govern- ments have expressed strong interest in obtaining such information for justifiable O Head of household O Roomer, boarder, lodger Male O reasons (including the distribution of O Wife of head O Patient or inmate O public funds for education, welfare, and O Son or daughter of head O Other not related to he^d- Print exact D related government purposes), imprison- relationship O Other relative Female r" ment for refusing to answer or answering of head— Print exact O O \ falsely is a penalty too great to impose relationship -» on any citizen." The man most responsible for leading Head of household C Roomer, boarder, lodger Male o the assault on the Census operation is Wife of head O Patient or inmate O Rep. Jackson E. Betts of Ohio, who com- Son or daughter of head C Other not related to head- Print exact c plains: relationship Other relative r Female "To threaten the American people of head— Print exact O o with a 60-day jail sentence or $100 fine \ relationship -* for not responding to questions having nothing to do with essential facts about

population is an abuse of federal power. O Head of household O Roomer, boarder, lodger Male o I predict these questions proposed by the O wiff. of head ^ Datient ^' 'nma*" Q Census Bureau will result in a less ac-

A few of the questions you'll be asked to answer on the 1970 official census form. curate population count than was the

he shares bathroom facilities." Then, after explaining exactly what the question will be, Chartener pointed out: "The Census Bureau does not care

nor does it ask—with whom you share your shower or tub, or even whether you use it." The attacks on the Census question- naires, and the large number of bills in Congress aimed at drastically limiting

the 1970 nose count, is worrying the White House. The President's new Urban Affairs Council recently an- nounced its intentions to fight for the present Census plans. Sec'y of Labor George P. Shultz has commented: "L too, favor the preserva- tion of citizen privacy. But the desire to be 'let alone' must be balanced against the need for information. Here, the need for information is very great and the

intrusion on a person's privacy is slight.

The anonymity of each respondent is

assured; no public embarrassment is pos- sible." The United States Supreme Court has upheld in recent years the constitution-

ality of penalties imposed on persons Census takers will conduct personal interviews with families in rural areas. who refuse to answer Census questions, which can come to 60 days in jail and/ or changes in Census procedure. One would case in 1960 when 5 million Americans $100 fine. Only two Americans, inci- eliminate penalties for not answering were not found by census enumerators." dentally, have been cited for such viola- questions and the other would reduce For the first time the government will tions. these questions to basic "head count" in- use the mails to conduct a large part of By and large, bills pending in Con- formation: name and address, relation- the census. This will eliminate about gress are designed to effect two major ship to head of household, sex, date of (Continued on page 51

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 —

Allen, leading his Green Mountain Boys, storms Fort Ticonderoga before a British sentry can do more than fire a shot and flee.

Everybody knows that Ethan Allen led the Green Unfelt Before." he wrote, "that on breake of Day Took the Fortress Ticon- deroga by Storm. The Soldiery was Com- posed of about one Hundred Green Mountain Boys in the capture Fort Ticonderoga of Mountain Boys and near Fifty Veteran Soldiers from the Province of Massa- chusetts Bay. The Soldiery behaved with in 1776. But what else do you know about him? such resistless fury that they so terrified the King's Troops that they Durst not Fire on their Assailants and our Soldiery By RICHARD WOLKOMIR mandanfs office, where a huge man in was Agreeably Disappointed. The Sol- buckskins, named Ethan Allen, was diery behaved with uncommon ranker ON THE WARM SPRING moming of seated at the desk, composing a letter. when they leaped into the fourt." May 10. 1775. staid old Fort Ti- Occasionally, he paused to grin down at Then he signed it with a flourish conderoga on the western shore of Lake the raucous celebration on the parade "Ethan Allen. Commandt of Ticondr." Champlain was a bedlam of rejoicing. ground below and to take a reflective He did not mention a certain Col. Bene- Cannon boomed, men laughed and swig from a mug of rum. Then he re- dict Arnold who sat sullenly in another cursed, muskets cracked, bawdy songs turned to his letter, which was addressed room in the fort, also writing. Arnold seasoned the air and rum barrels popped to the "Massachusetts Provential Con- was noting in his diary that "Ethan Allen as they lost their stoppers. gress." is a proper man to lead his own wild The sound of a scratching pen came "I have to inform You with Pleasure people" but wholly unfit for military from the open window of the com- ILLUSTRATED BY JOHN RUGE command. He added that the Green 10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JU LY 1969 THE STORY OF Ethan Allen

. .Vermont's Wild Giant

Mountain Boys had called him "vile names" and fired their muskets "in a manner to send the balls whistling close by me." Benedict Arnold, attended by his valet and wearing the most gilded, braided and plumed uniform ever seen in the Green Mountains, had galloped up that morning on a white horse while the Boys were preparing to march on the fort. Haughtily, he told Ethan that a committee in Massachusetts had authorized him. Colonel Arnold, to lead the attack. "Hang the fancy peacock," one of the Boys immediately suggested. But Ethan, who was an outlaw with a price on his head, decided that Colonel Arnold's official papers might lend some legality to the engagement. Diplomatically, he told Arnold to march beside him at the head of the column, explaining that his men would "only serve under their own officers." But several times as they marched Arnold demanded the leader- ship. "By God, sir," Ethan thundered finally, laying his hand on the hilt of his sword, "I'll have you know that I'm in com- mand here." Since Ethan Allen's reputation as a savage outlaw was In the fort, Allen tells a pants-less British officer, "I'll have possession of this fort and of all the effects of George the Third." already legendary, and since he stood six and a half feet tall THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 H —

CONTINUED The story of Ethan Allen

. . .Vermont's Wild Giant

and could bellow like a bull, Colonel Arnold decided not to press the point.

Besides, it is questionable that a "fancy" man like Arnold could have led this strange army. Most of the Boys wore buckskins, but a few had donned their Sunday best. And they carried a miscel- lany of muskets, blunderbusses, fowling pieces, pistols, clubs and hunting knives. When a British sentry awoke from a sound sleep to see this wild horde charg- ing out of the dawn, led by a roaring giant waving an immense sword, he fired one hasty shot and immediately took to his heels, the Boys right behind him yell- ing like Indians. One redcoat, half dressed, darted out of the barracks with a fixed bayonet and received the flat of Ethan's sword across his skull. Subdued, he led the way to the officers' quarters. There, a man wearing the coat of a Brit- ish lieutenant but carrying his breeches in one hand appeared in the doorway and asked, reasonably enough, by what authority this rabble had entered the premises of the Crown? "In the name of the Great Jehova and the Continental Congress," Ethan told

him, adding, "By God, I'll have posses- sion of this fort and of all the effects of George the Third." Soon, Ethan was writing to Governor When New York claimed land in the Green Mountain area, Allen declared a personal war, Trumbull, of Connecticut: "I make you earned a price on his head. Above, Yorkers, trying to capture him, meet their match. a present of a Major, a Captain, and two Vermont settler begged the governor of indignation at the approaching tyranny Lieutenants in the regular Establishment New York to send troops, because of New York." of George the Third. I hope they may "otherwise our Persons and Property has it that the he was serve as ransom for some of our Friends Legend on day must be at the disposal of Ethan Allen, 1738 earthquakes in Boston." born—January 21, — which is more to be dreaded than Death shook Litchfield, Conn., and comets Another letter, addressed to the Hart- with all its Terrors." crossed the sky. Ethan himself once re- ford Committee of War, displayed jus- colonists believed he was Satan miarked that he of but two tice to a fallen enemy: Many knew women himself, at least a close cousin. were successfully delivered of seven "Sir," he wrote, "Whereas the Fortress or They who pointed to his gargantuan size and his devils with horns and tails: Mary Mag- of Ticonderoga has fallen into the Hands of the Colonies together with the Or- ability to drink more rum and use more dalene and Mary Allen, his mother. dinary Stores &c and whereas [British! profanity per sentence than any mere Originally destined for Yale, he be- his Capt. William Delaplace has in the Fort human. They even memorized more came the teen-aged head of a large fron- ". ninety gallons of Rum of his own Prop- lurid statements, such as: . . damn tier family when his father died. At 19, laws, king, his erty, which is greatly wanted for the Re- your governor, your your he gave the farm to brothers and council and assembly. We're going to went off to fight in the French and In- freshment of the Fatigued Soldiery . . . filled with rest- This is therefore to desire the Treasurer make a hell of Munro's house and burn dian Wars. He returned of the Colony of Connecticut to pay him him in it—and every loathsome reptile less energy. the Sd. Wm. Delaplace Eighteen pounds that takes his part." First he tried business, wheeling and Eleven Shillings & Nine Pence Lawful To demonstrate his immense strength, dealing in real estate, then building New money, as the Rum is appropriated for he hoisted bushel bags of salt in his teeth England's first large blast furnace at Sal- the use of the Garrison—Your Com- and tossed them over his shoulder with- isbury, Conn. He married a miller's pliance will oblige the Garrison and your out touching them. Alone once, he met daughter, but boarded her with his Humble Servant Ethan Allen, Com- a sheriff' and six deputies and left them brothers and their families while he mandt of Ticondr." battered and bleeding on the ground. ranged up and down the colony, buying

Ticonderoga is where history finds He was at war years before the Revolu- and selling real estate at a furious pace

Ethan Allen, and where it leaves him. tion, for he organized the Green Moun- and letting his hot temper get him into Yet, before taking the fort, he was al- tain Boys to fight the hated New trouble. ready famous in the colonies, or in- Yorkers, whom he called "mercenary On one occasion, he had himself in- famous. monopolizing men. an infamous fra- oculated against smallpox, which was

George Washington said, "There is an ternity of diabolical plotters" who leave then illegal. When two town selectmen original something in him that com- "women sobbing, children crying, and the Rev. Jonathan Lee and a Mr. mands attention." At the same time, a men pierced to the heart with sorrow and Stoddard—threatened to prosecute him, 12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 Ethan lost his temper. He wound up in court, charged with blasphemy for utter- ing the following:

"By Jehova, I wish I may be bound down in Hell with old Beelzebub a thou- sand years in the lowest pit in Hell and that every little insipid devil should come along by and ask the reason of Allen's

lying there; it should be said because he made a promise here in cool blood that he would have satisfaction of Lee and Stoddard and did not fulfill it." Also noted in the court records of

that time is this entry: "The said Ethan Allen did in a tumultuous and offensive manner with threatening words and an- gry looks strip himself even to his naked body and with force and arms without law or right did assault and actually strike the person of George Caldwell in the presence and to the disturbance of many of His Majesty's good subjects." The next day, the records say, Ethan again ran into poor George (the cause of the feud is unknown) and "soon after in a violent and angry manner stripped off his clothes to his naked body and with

a club struck . . . Caldwell on the head.

And a few hours later, Ethan "stripped off his clothes to his naked body and in a threatening manner with his fist lifted up repeated these malicious words three times: 'You (meaning George Caldwell) lie, you dog' and also did with a loud voice say that he would Captured by redcoats, Allen drinks his guards under the table, makes a sober escape. spill the blood of any that opposed him." In July 1767, the selectmen of North- tlement. That night, as he was about to Grants with 300 deputies. When the law- hampton, where he was managing a lead ride to Bennington in the Grants, two men eyed their hard-looking opponents mine, banished him for "blasphemy and New York officials offered him a large and listened to Ethan discourse about riotousness." He was glad enough to go, tract of land if he would switch sides. the "Yorker blood that would incarna- for the colonies were getting too settled, He refused. dine the mountainside, by God," they too stifling. Leaving his family with a "You should be advised," said one of quickly melted away toward Albany. brother, he set out alone for the Hamp- the New Yorkers, "that we have might Using the same tactics, he spent the shire Grants (now called Vermont), on our side, and you know that might next seven years waging guerrilla war where he spent the winter on snowshoes often prevails against right." against New York sheriffs, surveyors and exploring the Green Mountains and liv- "Sir," replied Ethan, "the gods of the squatters. When Governor Tryon put a ing on venison. hills are not the gods of the valleys." 20-pound reward on his head, Ethan re- The Grants were disputed lands. The "What do you mean?" the man asked, taliated with a 15-pound reward for New handful of settlers held New Hampshire justifiably puzzled. York officials, whom he designated deeds to their property. But New York's "If you will accompany me to the hill "common disturbers of the public peace Governor Tryon, claiming the region for in Bennington," Ethan answered, "the and the repose of the honest peasants of his colony, demanded payment for the sense will be made clear." Bennington." Brazenly, he rode into Al- land they had already bought from New They stayed home, for in Bennington bany with a handful of his posters and Hampshire. And each colony repre- was the notorious Catamount Tavern, tacked them up in taverns. sented a different culture. New York, unofficial capitol of the Green Mountain Captured by a squad of redcoats in since the days of the Dutch patroons, Country and off limits for New Yorkers. Connecticut several weeks later, he pro- fostered vast manors owned by aristo- Its sign was a stuffed mountain lion, or posed a few drinks before starting for crats and cultivated, as in Britain, by catamount, fixed atop a 20-foot pole so prison. Unaware of Ethan's reputation

tenant farmers. In New Hampshire, most that it snarled implacably toward Al- for holding his liquor, his captors were farms were small, worked by the men bany. soon snoring under the tables while he who owned the land and lived on it. Now With a court settlement scotched, trotted nonchalantly back to the Grants, this real estate feud was about to ignite. Ethan quickly recruited a guerrilla army. perfectly sober. In March 1770, landowners from the Called the Bennington Mob at first, this Not long after, he rode to White Grants, meeting in Canaan, Conn., asked rough corps of woodsmen was soon Plains, N.Y., disguised as a British sol- Ethan, just returned from his explora- known throughout the colonies as the dier. On the way back, he stopped at a tions, to organize defenses against New Green Mountain Boys, reputedly a sav- local tavern long enough to tell the cus- York. He accepted with the enthusiasm age band. But Ethan invariably preferred tomers, "You might inform your gov- of a man who enjoys a good brawl. oratory to bloodshed. ernor that Ethan Allen has enjoyed a His first stop was Albany, N.Y., where For instance, the first clash was with pleasant few days in his damned prov- he tried, unsuccessfully, for a court set- a New York sheriff who invaded the ince."

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 13 CONTINUE D The story of Ethan Allen . . .Vermont's Wild Giant

ploded. "By God, we're giving nothing itiated the attack on Montreal, but was back to the British except blow for voted out of the official force when he blow." returned to Vermont from Philadelphia

He sent Congress a searing retort, not- to get it under way. ing among other things that, "It is bad The election of officers from the policy to fear the resentment of an en- Grants was left to 50 older leading citi- emy." He followed this letter with an- zens. These religious men, long scan- other: dalized by Ethan's lurid vocabulary and "I wish to God," he told Congress, unorthodox ideas, ignored him com- "America would at this critical juncture pletely. exert herself agreeable to the indignity "How the old men came to reject me

offered her by a tyrannical ministry. She 1 cannot conceive, inasmuch as I saved might rise on eagle's wings, mount up to them from the encroachments of New glory, freedom and immortal honor, if York," he wrote to a friend. she did but know and exert her strength. But he was no sulker. When the Green Fame is now hovering over her head. Mountain Boys refused to serve without A vast continent must now sink to slav- him, he traveled the Grants persuadin.f| ery and poverty, bondage and horror, or them to march to Montreal under their rise to unconquerable freedom, immense new colonel. Then—determined to have some part in the campaign—he got him- self appointed scout and crisscrossed Quebec, "preaching politics" to the French Canadians. He had recruited 100 farmers, some armed with pitchforks, Allen gave his second wife a couple of when a Major Brown from the regular minutes to accept his proposal. She did. colonial army made an interesting pro- When Governor Tryon upped the re- posal. ward on his head to 100 pounds, Ethan If Ethan would cross the St. Lawrence replied: "My authority is this gun. I've River with his farmers and wait near the run these woods these seven years past city. Major Brown with regular colonial and never was catched yet." troops would come up on the east and New York answered by declaring any gathering of three or more people in the Grrnts illegal, punishable by death. Ethan dubbed the statute a "Bloody Law" and described its makers as "ma- lign, insatiable, avaricious, overbearing, Allen demonstrates his immense strength inhuman, barbarous and blood-guilty," by hoisting bushel bags of salt in his teeth and tossing them over his shoulder. while condemning the "legerdemain, hribary, and deceptions of one sort or wealth, inexpressible felicity, and im-

other used by these designing schemers mortal fame. I will lay my life on it, that und land jockeys." with fifteen hundred men and proper But this rather comic real estate war artillery, I will take Montreal." was soon eclipsed. On March 13, 1775, Then he headed for Philadelphia to settlers meeting at Westminster in the argue firsthand, pausing only at Ben- Grants to protest Parliament's oppres- nington to attend a church service of sive tax policies were attacked by British thanksgiving for the victory at Ticon- sheriffs. Two settlers were killed, ten deroga. The prayer was long, the rev- wounded. A month later, on April 19, erend praising God repeatedly for redcoats marched on Lexington and delivering up the fort. Concord. "Parson Dewey," Ethan suddenly And, shortly thereafter, following a growled from his pew, "aren't you going hasty council of war at the Catamount to tell the Lord about me being there, Tavern, Ethan Allen was sitting com- too?" When local minister credited God with fall fortably in the office of Fort Ticon- "Ethan Allen," bellowed the old of Ticonderoga, Allen, from his pew, re- minded the man that he was there, too. deroga's ex-commandant, enjoying that preacher, "thou great infidel, be quiet!" gentleman's good rum and penning Arriving in Philadelphia, Ethan won Green Mountain Boys would appear on cheerful letters. Then he received a letter his case to keep Ticonderoga's cannon. the west. Then this three-tined force himself, from the Continental Congress They were soon manhandled overland would take Montreal. at Philadelphia. to Boston, where Washington's ill- Ethan was agreeable, and that night he It ordered him to remove immediately equipped army used them to good effect boated his men across the river, despite all cannon from the fort "so that they against the British. Meanwhile, Ethan's high winds and huge waves. But at dawn, might be safely returned to His Majesty oratory persuaded Congress to allow the he found that neither Major Brown nor when the former Harmony between Hampshire Grants and New York to the Boys had joined him. and 500 British Great Britain and the colonies, so ar- rally troops for an attack on Montreal. troops, augmented by Indians, were dently wished for by the latter, renders By an ironical twist of fate, Ethan ended marching out of Montreal. Inevitably, it consistent with the law of self preser- up ignominously as the leader of some the battle ended quickly. But just as vation." 100 French Canadian farmers he'd re- Ethan surrendered his sword, an Indian "The dilly-dally idiots!" Ethan ex- cruited in Canada as rebels. He had in- charged him.

14 THE AMERICAN LEGION M/\GAZINE • J ULY 1969 At Montreal, Ethan and his troops were taken prisoner. When orders were given to kill his men, he offered himself, sparing them.

"He seemed to advance with more than half a minute, I was attacked by just he resolved to accept death manfully, than mortal speed," Ethan wrote later, such another imp of hell; then I made since "as to the world of spirits, though

'and as he approached near me his hell- the officer fly around with incredible ve- I knew nothing of the mode or manner ish visage was beyond description, snakes locity." of it. expected nevertheless when 1 eyes appear innocent in comparison of Rescued by a British scout, he was should arrive at such a world that I his, his features extorted, malice, death, taken to the city. When Montreal's com- should be as well treated as other gentle- murder and the wrath of devils and mandant learned the prisoner was the men of my merit." damned spirits are the emblems of his captor of Ticonderoga, he wrathfully But the noose remained empty, for. countenance. And in less than twelve shook his cane over Ethan's head. as a prisoner, Allen turned out to be feet of me, presented his firelock; at the "I told him he would do well not to an embarrassment to the British. Be- instant, I twitched the officer to whom cane me, for I was not accustomed to cause of his popularity as a colonial folk I gave my sword between me and the it," Ethan said later, "and I shook my hero, they feared retaliation on some of savage, but he flew round with great fist at him, telling him that was the their own people who'd been captured fury, trying to single me out to shoot beetle of mortality for him, if he of- if they should execute him. He had also me without killing the officer; but by fered to strike." made himself popular in England. this time I was near as nimble as he. Next, the commandant ordered the Finally, they shipped him back to New keeping the officer in such a position that guards to bayonet the Canadians. As York with the idea of swapping him in his danger was my defence. But in less Ethan described the scene: a prisoner exchange. Thus, emaciated

"It cut me to the heart to see the Ca- and ill, after more than two years' nadians in so hard a case, in consequence imprisonment, Allen found himself in the of their having been true to me; they British stronghold of New York City. were wringing their hands, saying their At first he was a trusty, but he fre- prayers, and expected immediate death. quented taverns, drinking toasts to the I therefore stepped between the execu- Revolution and brawling with Tories. tioners and the Canadians, opened my Disgusted, the British threw him back clothes, and told Gen. Prescott to thrust into prison, where he fought with an- his bayonets into my breast, for I was other American prisoner over the rela- the sole cause of the Canadians taking tive merits of the Green Mountain Boys up arms." and the Buckskins of Virginia, eventu- Ethan spent six weeks in irons, and ally breaking his compatriot's nose. At was "obliged to throw out plenty of ex- last, on May 6, 1778, Ethan was ex- travagant language." Once, with his changed for a British colonel and once teeth, he twisted off a ten-penny nail again stood on "liberty ground." holding his handcuffs and battered one His first stop was Valley Forge, where of his guards. George Washington met him with "many Then, transported to England, he was peculiar marks of his approbation and jailed in a castle at Falmouth, where esteem." according to Ethan. Then he throngs gathered to ogle this buck- returned home to Bennington, where he skinned giant with the fabulous vocabu- was greeted with a cannon salute and

lary. He decided to "keep up my spirits a celebration at which, as Ethan put it, and behave in a daring, soldier-like man- "We moved the flowing bowl and rural ner, that I might exhibit a good sample felicity, sweetened with friendship, From deathbed, Allen roared a final of American fortitude." mighty blasphemy at a startled clergy- glowed in each countenance." man before he closed his eyes and died. With a noose hanging over his head, (Continued on page 43) THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1-969 15 —

By DAVID LOTH craftsmen, the elite of the "profession," "Sometimes I picked up jewels to or- operating with special burglar tools, can der, a particular diamond bracelet or BURGLARY IS BY far the most common raid any house they mark as their prey. pearl necklace, just like a real-estate major crime in the United States. But most burglars are neither so talented broker may be asked to go after a cer- Close to a milHon and a half burglaries nor so well-equipped. Most burglars can tain house," he replied. "My customer a year now occur. A little less than half break in only if they find a breach in the would be a fence who knew all about the are committed in homes, the rest in busi- defenses. Often they take so long or jewels he wanted and would already have ness establishments. Of the seven of- make so much noise in breaking into a a market for the stuff before he looked fenses from which the FBI compiles its well-protected home that they are me up. caught. nationwide crime index, nearly 40% are "More often I did my own scouting, burglaries. The best defense against the truly pro- and I had plenty of sources of informa- In the year ahead we can expect some fessional burglar is to avoid keeping the tion. The papers print articles about fa- 700,000 burglaries in homes. Someone kind of treasures he seeks in your home. mous people, especially entertainers, skilled will be arrested for only about one in Most professionals will touch who have fabulous gems. Sometimes I four of those reported, and most of the nothing except valuable jewels, cash or would get the tip for a job from over- guilty ones will be the least skillful and negotiable securities, and then only if the hearing a conversation in a bar or at a most reckless. Because so many of these haul nets them a profit in five figures. restaurant or resort. Or a rich wheeler- burglars are inexpert and dangerous it I once interviewed an expert burglar dealer might brag in an interview that makes excellent sense to take reasonable in a Midwest prison. He had been ar- he always keeps a lot of cash on hand measures for the defense of your home rested only because a girl friend in- in case a tempting business opportunity or apartment. formed on him. It was the first time in comes along. "What's the use?" many a homeowner prison for him, and he planned to go into "You'd be surprised how gabby peo- or apartment dweller will ask. "Anyone a less risky business after his release, so ple are. Because of their big mouths I who really wants to break in will do it." he was willing to talk freely about his could count on enough from each job enough. But burglaries are trade. did he find out rich True most How where so that if I pulled two a year it was skilled not committed by experts. Highly loot was to be found? plenty. I'm not greedy and I never tried

for more. I guess I averaged close to $30,000 a year, and of course that was tax free." Some of this man's drills and pliers had been custom-made to his own de- sign. With them he could—and some- times did—open a wall safe in a bed- room while his victims were sleeping. But before the big caper he might spend weeks studying the habits of the family and servants, if any, and working out some scheme to inspect the premises, perhaps as a repairman, meter reader or fire inspector. Burglars with less skill seek easier work—and usually find it although it may pay less per job. The casual ways of some well-heeled people with valuable portable property are best seen when they are at plush vaca- tion spots. They will keep their jewels and cash in safe deposit boxes at home, but drop real treasures into a hotel dress- ing-table drawer when they are on holi- day. Chief of Police Rocky Pomerance of Miami Beach, Fla., where some 150,- 000 tourists a year attract burglars like flies, explains that visitors are "more re- laxed"—his polite way of saying more careless—than they would be in their usual environment. Partly because of such habits, Pom- erance's men fight a war against burglars every night. And, despite constant police vigilance, the burglary rate in Miami

Beach is still about three times that of a residential city of similar size and afflu- ence. The number of Americans who own upwards of $10,000 in cash, bonds and jewels that they leave loose around the house has increased steadily in recent years. They are the targets of the most eflScient burglars. But they can easily pro- vide themselves with complete protection

Burglars case neighborhoods looking for such Invitations as above to enter at no risk. —a bank safety deposit box. Jewelry of

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 —

One reason that some petty crooks limit themselves to ransacking unlocked

premises is that they think this is not burglary, which carries a stiffer legal penalty than mere theft. They become disillusioned when they are caught. Burglary by definition is entering a build- ing for the purpose of committing a crime, and the law says nothing about an

exception if the door or window was open. A variation on the unlocked door theme is used by panhandlers and burg- lars posing as salesmen. If the housewife lets them get a foot inside, they manage to put the latch in the unlocked-when- shut position while they are making their pitch. Later they return to ransack the premises. These fast-talking crooks can also snatch loose valuables if admitted and left alone for a second. You turn your head and a purse or silver dish is gone. Some youngsters become expert at this game at an early age. And for most of

them it is just a game, especially in the suburbs where even some of their vic- Burglars? tims do not call it a crime if parents make good the losses. One band ranging in age from 11 to 14 cut quite a swath through California's San Fernando Valley before being caught. They wandered from house You can't stop some burglaries^ but most of to house in groups of three or four, knocking on back doors. If someone answered, they said they were looking for lawn-cutting jobs. (If accepted, they them are invited by their careless victims. made an appointment but never came

back. ) If no one answered, they broke in,

usually by smashing a window if it was locked, and took whatever pleased them. They had committed 30 burglaries be- fore they were caught. All of these chil- dren had ample pocket money and in- dulgent parents. They were bored, they said, and broke into houses only because they wanted to have some fun. Often great value, removed from the box the or went out on a quick errand. "I was they threw their loot away rather than day it is to be worn, should be put back only gone a few minutes" is a familiar try to sell it. promptly. refrain when the police arrive. The burg- Run-of-the-mill professionals—not the Most of us need build no defense lar slips in, grabs what comes readily to very highly skilled nor the casual ama- against such a criminal because our prop- hand and is out again in a matter of sec- teurs—apparently account for the bulk erty is not worth his while. The big men- onds. Many loners and youthful gangs of unsolved residential burglaries. They ace to the average home—and the one practice this. If they find someone at never attempt to jimmy hard-to-open we may invite by our own carelessness home behind the unlocked door, it is a locks or crack wall safes. They make sure is the burglar who is content with a mod- simple matter to apologize for mistaking that they will not be interrupted at their est take. Many of these specialize—one the apartment, "wrong floor, you know," work, that no one is in the house or is in silver, one in furs, one in TV and stereo and back out. likely to return soon. Then they break in, sets, another in typewriters or electrical Drug addicts often support their habits and even the least skilled can handle the appliances—but many more will walk off by this sort of operation since it requires ordinary locks and bolts most builders with anything they can carry. Some have no skill and little nerve. If they are on install. been known to back a truck up to the heroin they probably need $50 a day or These burglars usually spend much door and cart away clothing and all re- more. time casing a neighborhood before at- movable furnishings. As city dwellers become more aware tempting a single break in. They note the The simplest burglary method, and of the danger and take the trouble to lock times at which police patrols or private fortunately the easiest to foil, is to try their doors, junkies and other burglars guards make their rounds. They watch doorknobs until one opens to the touch. move out to try their luck in high-rise for a family driving away from a dark A stroll through the halls of a city apart- apartment houses adorning the larger house on their way to the movies or for ment house with scores or hundreds of suburbs. Suburban residents, even those a visit. During the day they walk through units will usually be rewarded by finding who until recently lived in the central apartment house halls or along residen- one left carelessly unlocked. Perhaps the city, have the old rural attitude, "My tial streets marking down the doors at apartment tenant forgot to lock the door door is always open." which newspapers or milk or mail de-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 17 CONTINUED Are You Inviting Burglars?

liveries are piled. Sometimes, their job is made very easy, as when they find notes pinned to doorbells reading: "Milkman: Please do not leave any milk until a week from Tuesday," or

' George, the key is on the ledge over the back door." Often they look for a window light that shines day and night, an indication that no one is there to turn it off.

This reconnaissance is followed by a rash of burglaries in the dwellings whose occupants have so obligingly advertised that their homes are easy marks. Half a dozen homes may be looted in a single night or one afternoon. Residential burg- laries are just as likely during the day as after dark, and more likely in sections of big cities where apartments are unoccu- pied during working hours.

A pair of Minneapolis burglars using Posing as salesman, a thief can throw door latch in unlocked position, walk in later. these techniques broke into 215 homes before they came to grief through a com- up a judge and got a search warrant. this light oflf at 1 a.m. or 2 a.m. This proc- bination of clumsiness, bad luck and per- Booty from more than a dozen burglaries ess is repeated until you return. Such a sistent police work. One of the partners was found. Soon after, the partners were defense is more important for a house was a garage mechanic. He picked up caught and for a little while the burglary than for an apartment whose windows almost worthless automobiles for $25 or rate went down in that area. are not readily identifiable from the $50 apiece and patched them up just The mobility of the modern criminal street. Leaving only a small light burning enough so he could use them for a series is one reason police give for their failure when you are away has been used as a of burglaries. Then he would junk one to catch more than one in four burglars. disguise so often that it doesn't even fool vehicle and buy another. But he drove The professional burglar often works the novice burglar. Another type of his own car when he cased jobs. hundreds of miles from his base. He flies plugged-in time switch will turn TV. One night, not having an old wreck to the scene of his next "hit," rents a car radio and lights on and off at different that would run, he took his own car for at the airport, and is on a plane for home times, day and night. a ""caH" at the home of a physician who before his victims have discovered their was taking a holiday with his family. A loss. teen-ager across the street saw the car What can a person do to protect his pull away from the doctor's house. Al- property against this army of looters? though he did not get the license num- Plenty. Here are a few tips that will help ber, the youngster could give the police make your home or apartment hard to a good description of the car because it burglarize. was a model he thought was "the most 1 . Put good locks on the outside doors super car in the whole world." A few and be sure to fasten them when you go days later an alert policeman saw a man out. Pin-tumbler cylinder locks are rec- tinkering with such a car in a residential ommended by many police departments. area where strangers were not common. These locks are hard to jimmy and only He said, when questioned, that he was one burglar out of 50 could open them. having engine trouble. Nevertheless, the Do not use wedge-type locks. They can cop made a mental note of the license. It be opened easily by pushing back the was traced to the mechanic, and the po- wedged latch, using such simple tools as lice put a watch on the car. However, a thin knife blade or celluloid strip to not knowing about the patched up do it. Also, putting a chain lock on the wrecks, they didn't get very far in track- inside of an apartment door gives added ing him down. protection. Key-doorknob locks should Several weeks later, a couple returning be replaced. Some of them can be opened home from vacation a day earlier than simply by inserting a small screwdriver expected saw two men dash out the front into the keyhole and twisting it to the door of their house as they entered from left or right. the garage. They called the police. On a 2. Use an automatically-timed lighting hunch the police rushed to the mechanic's device when you leave the house for the house. They got there a few moments evening or for several days. When after he had arrived in the getaway car. plugged in, the device makes a light go

When he saw the uniformed officers, he on in the living room when it gets dark, ran from his house and escaped in the turns it off at about I 1 p.m.. then turns A city burglary method is to try apartment darkness. The police officers then woke on the light in the bedroom and turns doorknobs until one opens to the touch. 18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 3. When leaving on a trip, arrange by per with the lock on your door. It may If there is a death in the family, ask a mail or telephone (not by notes fastened seem rude to watch their hands while friend or neighbor to stay in your house to the door) to have newspapers, mail they are within reach of the latch, but or apartment while you attend funeral and milk deliveries stopped while you are vigilance may avert a burglary later. services. Burglars also read obituary col- away. Even automatic on and off lighting 7. Install metal-sheathed doors with umns for leads. will not fool a burglar who sees these locks that cannot be picked or jimmied, Anyone who "burglarproofs" his home things piling up at the door. If you live reinforced with heavy bars locked into in even a few of the above ways has re- in a community whose newspaper pub- place across the door or braced against duced the chances that it will be broken lishes items about residents' travel, give the floor. No interior decorator will like into this year from about 1 in 80 to 1 out the news of your trip after you come the looks but it does make for greater in 200. home, not before you go. Burglars read security. If the "burglarproofed" home is social columns for leads. 8. Install a burglar alarm. The most raided, there is a better chance of recov- 4. Leave window shades and Venetian commonly used are those that are set off ering stolen property if the owner keeps blinds the way you usually have them when the wire is tripped by the opening a record of the serial numbers of items when you are at home. A "closed-down" of a door or window, giving off a siren that routinely have such numbers. look is a tip-off for any burglar. sound that can be heard all over the Among the articles of this kind favored 5. Notify a neighbor or the superin- neighborhood. This is enough to scare off by burglars are TV, radio and stereo sets, tendent (or whoever is in charge) of the most burglars. However, there has been typewriters, electrical appliances, expen- apartment building when you leave on a an increasing preference for a more so- sive cameras and tape recorders. Most of trip. Notify the police too if you live in phisticated system, especially in luxury this loot ends up in pawnshops and second-hand shops. Police burglary squads make the rounds of such shops with lists of serial numbers of goods stolen in the area. They can hardly spot yours if you are not able to give the num- ber. Citizens can further safeguard their homes by helping to advance two pro- grams that help prevent burglaries. One is to build up support for a well-trained, well-equipped police force, the commun- ity's equivalent of the armed retainers who defended medieval castles. The other is to support public agencies and private organizations that rehabilitate criminals or prevent youths from becom- ing criminals. The police are seldom much more ef- fective than the people they serve. Any urban community that will not or cannot

provide its police force with the cars,

radios and other equipment it needs can hardly expect to receive all the protection

Affluent Americans who keep wealth at home are prime targets for robberies. a house, and be sure to advise them as apartment buildings. This is an alarm that soon as you return. gives off a loud noise and also flashes a Once, as my wife and I were just start- signal in the local police station or office ing to unpack after a holiday, we heard of the company that installed it. A police- loud knocks at both front and back doors. man or company guard can be on the She rushed to one and I to the other. As scene of an attempted burglary in min- I opened the door, a beam from a flash- utes. This protection comes high, usually light momentarily blinded me, and then costing several hundred dollars. There a reproachful voice said: are less expensive alarms on the market.

"Mr. Loth, you didn't let us know you In fact, one costs about $4. It is battery were back. That's my partner at the back operated and can be attached to a win- door. We saw the light and thought you dow. The slightest touch on the window had burglars at work." sets off a loud clang that can be heard I blinked and recognized one of the for 100 feet. town's radio car patrolmen. They had Here are some other do's and don'ts crept quietly up our long, steep driveway. on "burglarproofing."

I tried to explain how grateful I was that Don't put valuables in dresser drawers they were so quick at spotting lights. in the master bedroom. This is the first After that incident, when returning from place burglars look. subsequent trips, I called police head- If advertising valuable portable items quarters before I took off my coat. for sale, don't give your exact address. 6. Be sure that strangers—repairmen, Burglars read want ads for leads. salesmen, delivery men, beggars, lost When leaving on vacation in hot souls asking for directions or the use of weather, leave the air conditioner on. Open windows are an invitation to bur- the telephone have no chance to tam- This gives the appearance that the house — glars and should be locked along with All Photos by Charles Moore/Black Star is occupied and not vacant. doors when you leave home. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 19 However, individual citizens and local CONTINUED Are You Inviting Burglars? organizations need not wait for a major scandal before demonstrating their in- possible. The mere presence of police- for help discouraged cautious Chicago terest in how the police do their job. Such men on the streets discourages burglars. burglars. Their most carefully planned concern will be reflected in the improved Orlando W. Wilson, former Chicago and swiftly executed jobs were always in police efficiency that higher pay, better Chief of Police, says that policemen pre- danger of being spoiled by the unex- training and more equipment make pos- vent more burglaries than they solve. He pected arrival of a police radio car. sible. This is especially true in small and also believes that prevention rather than "The result of all this was that some medium-sized cities and towns where the in didn't like be- officials retribution is the true goal of law enforce- people the suburbs me responsible are known to most of ment. His formula for preventing burg- cause they began to have more burglaries the inhabitants. other crimes," said I Edina, Minn., is laries is to use up-to-date communication and Wilson when population 40,000, interviewed him. "We made it so hot for such a city. A rich residential suburb of these crooks in the city that they decided Minneapolis, its homes are targets for to look for greener pastures outside.'" burglars. But active citizen support has

Within two years after Wilson's reforms given it a larger and better trained body began in Chicago, such large adjoining of policemen than most places of equal suburbs as Evanston adopted new police size. Edina also has an imaginative police techniques. The innovations were spurred chief. Director of Public Safety Wayne in part by a rise in burglaries. W. Bennett, who looks more like a pro-

An automatic lighting device is good defense for homeowners. It lights and darkens home at appropriate times while you're away. systems along with radio-equipped patrol One suburban scandal broke when a fessor than a cop. It was his novel idea to cars in areas most "hit" and at times of former Chicago burglar revealed that he convert a roulette wheel into a weapon peak criminal activity. In this way police- had been in partnership with several po- against burglars. Amazingly, the idea has men would be as mobile as any burglar. licemen. They actually served as his worked.

When Wilson took charge of the Chi- "lookouts" at times. He resented it when Bennett uses four wheels, one for each cago police department in 1960, the city they failed to protect him from arrest on of four patrol cars on the 1 1 p.m. to 7 gave him a fairly free hand to remodel a a petty charge, and talked a little too a.m. shift. These wheels carry numbers force that was poorly equipped, weak in freely to the two officers who had picked given to each of the areas in which that training, low in morale and held in con- him up. The two reported to their su- car patrols. The numbers of neighbor- siderable contempt by honest citizens and periors, but the only immediate result hoods where most police calls originate crooks alike. When he retired after seven was that they themselves were suspended. appear on the wheel several times, those years, Chicago had one of the best police The outcry they and their friends raised with fewest calls only once. communication systems in the country led to an investigation that ended in the The wheels are operated by a dis- and a greatly increased fleet of police cars dismissal of the burglar's partners, the patcher at headquarters. At the start of manned in part by hundreds of police- retirement of the chief and his brother, each tour, he spins them and the cars are men who previously had desk jobs at and the importation of a new chief from directed to the neighborhoods designated station houses. A policeman could get to another city who thoroughly reorgan- by the pointer stops. As the driver finishes any spot in the city 60 seconds after an ized the department. that tour he calls in and the dispatcher emergency call came in. Often he would Public demand for better police pro- spins the wheel again. In the long run all arrive while the caller was still talking to tection often makes itself felt only after neighborhoods will be patrolled in pro- headquarters. that protection has broken down so portion to the frequency with which their The presence of many cops on the badly that a partnership between burglars numbers appear on the wheel. If it hap- streets and their speedy response to calls and guardians of the law is possible. (Continued on page 46)

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 ,) a

Dateline Washington. .. COMBATING COSA NOSTRA. PESTICIDE PERIL DEBATE. COLLEGE ENROLLMENT UP.

There are indications that the Nixon Ad- according to the latest campus census ministration and Congress may work out an figures collected by the U. S. Office of effective campaign to curb organized Education. And 40% of them are girls. crime. The crime rate rose 17% last year. The survey disclosed that the fall 1968 Long the leading crime fighter in enrollment was 8.7% higher than the

Congress, Sen. John L. McClellan (D-Ark. registration of the preceding year ; a recently told the Senate that organized 58% rise in five years. Another one-third crime —mainly La Cosa Nostra—has an increase in college population— to 10 annual take of $7 billion from syndicated million students — is expected by 1975.

gambling ; $350 million from sale of Other information gleaned from the sur-

narcotics ; $350 million from loan-shark- vey of the 2,491 U.S. schools of higher ing, lending money at 5% a week; plus education: About 92% of the students were untold amounts from penetration into pursuing degree credits, 14% graduate business firms and labor unions. degrees. California has the largest What's needed to combat the organized student body (1,103,904); New York comes battalions of the 22 "families" which second (704,009). In addition to 7,513,- control La Cosa Nostra, says Senator Mc- 091 students attending college in the 50 Clellan, is skillfully drawn legislation, states, 15,227 entered U.S. service more anti-crime task forces, and, most schools and 58,545 enrolled in the Canal important. Supreme Court decisions which Zone, Guam, Puerto Rico and the Virgin consider the rights of society higher Islands. than the individual rights of the criminal. PEOPLE AND QUOTES Both in Congress and the Executive Agen- OUTLOOK ON WORLD should be given a diploma, not cies the debate waxes ever more furious "Those who think simply in a voice, because he will know terms of 'good' nations and everything necessary for earn- over the benefits and dangers of DDT and 'bad' nations Hve in a world of ing that diploma." Prof. J. other pesticides . . . and whether or not their own." President Nixon. Barzun, Columbia Univ.

to control the pesticides , or to ban some YOUTH & MORALS FAMILY ADVICE of them altogether, as has been done al- "If conceiving babies were "People who say that the nearly as hard as rearing ready by several of our states and by younger generation doesn't them well, small families would be Sweden. care about morals are talking more common." E. James Lieb- In the Senate, the control is through their hat." John P. fight erman, M.D., Center for Studies Leary, S.J., President, Gon- led by Sen. Gaylord Nelson (D-Wis.), who of Child and Family zaga Univ. Mental says that United States use of pesticides Health, N.I.M.H. amounts to 3 pounds per capita. He FRUSTRATED TIGER TECHNOLOGICAL MAN "Great Power does not mean charges that the uncontrolled dosage of "The new technological man great freedom of action and de- pesticides already threatens extinction carries strontium-90 in his cision ... it often means very of the Alaska bones, iodine-131 in his thyroid, reindeer, the Antarctic narrow choices of action, and DDT in his fat, asbestos in his penguin, Bermuda petrel and American bald what we can do to influence lungs." Scientist Barry Com- eagle. The events in a given case well may U.S. Government seized 21,000 moner, Washington Univ., St. be marginal." Sec'y of State pounds of Lake Michigan coho salmon be- Louis. William P. Rogers. cause of dangerous levels of pesticide ECONOMIC PAWN residues, END OF THE SPACE LINE? he says. "Man is still sometimes used The U.S. Government has moved to limit "There are no manned flights as a tool, according to the cold the amount of DDT residue in fish sold planned to other planets for the calculations of the laws of next 10 to 15 years." Lee A. economy." Pope Paul VL interstate, and has set up a panel to Dubridge, Presidential Science evaluate the perils of pesticides. Adviser. DRUGGED SOCIETY "We face the prospect of a GIVE 'EM DIPLOMAS ! ! A record 7.6 million students are study- coast-to-coast catastrophe— "If a student is, in fact, cap- drugged society." Sen. Harri- ing at American universities and colleges able of framing curricula he son A. Williams (D-N.J.).

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 21 —

YOU KNOW the definition of a Dohard-luck baseball player? It's a ball-player who on television runs full speed toward the fences and makes a sensational, over-the-shoulder catch of a ball that was almost a home run. And then on the instant replay

he drops it. Did you laugh at that? If you did, do you know why you laughed? Oh, be-

cause it's funny. Do you know why it's

funny? Oh, because it made you laugh.

But can you say what it was inside you that brought on the laugh? You can't?

Well I can't either, after years in the laugh business. I've been writing humor for the mass media—radio and television— for long-

er than I care to say. In the early years

I tried to dissect a joke in search of the reasons that people laughed. But every

time I thought 1 had the secret formula hat Are You

Take it from an expert, nobody

knows why people laugh, what

theyHl laugh at, or when.

By GOODMAN ACE

pinned down, something always came

along to disprove it.

Back in 1950 I was writing "The Big Show," an hour-and-a-half radio pro- gram, starring Tailulah Bankhead, with some of the most glamorous guests in show business. Tailulah was a baseball fan. We wrote this line for her: "Darling," said Miss Bankhead. "I

think it's totally unfair when the umpires walk out on the field at the beginning of every game, that the band always strike^ " up 'Oh Say Can You See."

I was rather taken with that line from our national anthem to indicate umpires can't see. Our producer, who was no

baseball fan, didn't think it would get a laugh. We had quite a hassle and I finally bet him a dollar it would. He took

the bet to prove I didn't know what I was

Goodman Ace might shudder on being called the dean of American comedy writers, hut that's what he is. His radio program. Easy Aces, with his wife Jane, was a national favorite comedy show as far back as the 1930's. Today he is still in the top ranks of our humor writers.

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 talking about. He proved it. They didn't laugh. Now the scene changes. Several years later I was writing topical humor for a TV show called "That Was The Week That Was." Topical humor is a take-off on current news. The newspapers had reported that umpires of the National League were going out on strike. Out of the vast files of my memory I dredged out the line again: "The umpires of the National League baseball teams have today announced that they are on strike. The main issue of their protest is that they are held up to ridicule and derision by the fans when they come out on the field to start the game and the band plays 'Oh Say Can " You See.'

Same joke, but it got the big laugh this time. Not only a laugh, but it got is exercise in futility: what breaks up some leaves others cold. Analyzing humor an applause. You think it's because it was more topical this time? Or that the sec- ond audience understood more about baseball? I don't accept those reasons. Strike or no strike, baseball fans or not, everybody knows that baseball umpires Laughing At? are universally accused of bad eyesight. The joke just fell flat on Tallulah's show and went over big on "That Was The Week That Was." Period. Although analyzing humor is an exer- cise in futility, there is one reason ac- ceptable to me why a good joke in good taste, written for the mass media, does not get a laugh. The fault, I am quick to tell you, is quite often the writer's. The construction of a joke, a word mis- placed, or a word omitted, or a punch line coming a few seconds before the joke is finished—these can contribute to the apathy of an audience.

To demonstrate : A joke written during the last Presidential campaign went like this: Husband: "Well what'll we do—vote for Humphrey or Nixon?" Wife: "Let's vote for Humphrey. We can always vote for Nixon next time." That bon mot got around and was picked up by two newspaper columnists.

One ran it this way: "I'm going to vote for Humphrey. I can vote for Nixon next time." The other columnist's version was: "I'm going to vote for Humphrey.

I can always vote for Nixon." It's obvious that the two key phrases that made the line humorous were "al- ways" and "next time," to indicate that Mr. Nixon seemed to be constantly run- ning for the Presidency. Both phrases are necessary to bring the joke to some fruition. But each of those columnists left out half of the main ingredient. Whenever a gag writer gives an aver- age columnist a joke which he has cre- ated, he may soon regret it. Words, phrases and a change of the position of certain words will only lead to a humor-

ist's spending the next day explaining One of radio's funniest gags was nothing but a long silence when really was that a bandit gave Jack Benny a choice between his money or his life. to friends what the joke THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 23 which had bothered him for so many CONTINUE D What Are You Laughing At? years. He was tired of his nefarious mas- querade. gave that particular columnist. sure that line would not be mishandled. he He even summoned up the courage to Some years ago during the water short- There wasn't much you could do to mis- ask a little ten-year-old girl on the pro- age in New York City 1 was lunching in manage it. To my surprise this appeared gram how old she would guess he was. a restaurant. A columnist sat down to in his column next day: "How old would you say I am," he pass the time of day, and as we chatted "If you're wondering why Jack Benny asked, bending over her with a charming I asked the waiter to bring me a glass looks so worried all the time, it's because smile reserved only for the very young. of HiO. he's afraid he'll drop down to second "Just take a guess." "You mean H2O?" asked the column- place." little girl looked at him for a brief All comedians The ist. That line is not funny. moment and said, "Oh, I'd say you are in the ratings. "HiO," I replied. "I'm cutting down, are afraid they will drop about 40 or 41." because of the water shortage." But if you omit "all the way" before Jack laughed happily at her naivete. "Well, darling," he said, "that's very sweet of you but it's really a little more than that. Guess again. Go ahead, how

old do I look to you?" Without hesitation the little one guessed again. "Seventy-five," she said, loud and clear. Mr. Benny stared at her. And stared. And stared. He didn't straighten up, just stared. He seemed almost incapable of getting out of his bent-over position. He stared, and he stared. And while he stared, the audience in the studio roared. And I'm certain if you saw him at home, you laughed too. Not a word was spoken. The laugh went on and on. And what brought on this big laugh'' It was delivery, timing, coupled with the look of frustration, disbelief, bewilder- ment on Mr. Benny's face. You could almost read his thoughts: "I should have

quit while I was ahead, and why did I have to ask a kid on the show. I'm old enough to know better." It was a human frailty the audience could identify with. Who doesn't like to think he looks much younger than the 75 he confesses to be? And that's as much analysis as I'll offer for a big laugh that came about by just staring. Mr. Benny once told me TV now uses the laugh machine canned laughter to urge audience at home to join in. — privately that those stares of his were But, he said, "I better He laughed appreciatively and made "down" it's a statement of fact, not a successful, yes. that to Benny sec- make sure that the lines ahead of the a note of it. The next day the line ap- humorous way to say stare lead to an honest, basic and easily peared in his column: ond place would be catastrophic. situation." "Bring me a glass of HO." He had So much for humor in print. Ana- identifiable human laugh "Your money or your life," which a omitted the "one." I went into hiding for logous to what makes you when Jack on radio, is three days. The closest thing to HO in you read is the factor of "delivery" in gunman once said to timing and a line well remembered for just that. chemistry is Ho, for holmium, a metal- what you hear. A comedian's in your re- Funny? What's funny about it? During lic chemical element of the rare earth emphasis make the difference master in the the long pause (you can't stare on group. It cannot be used for this joke, action to what he says. A laugh is Jack radio) the long, long pause, the audi- even if our water does often taste as if art of making people — funny at all in ence visualized the agony Jack was un- it contained some rare earth group. Benny. There's nothing lines with which Jack has dergoing as he tried to evaluate the two I should have learned my lesson many many written choices he was being offered. Was the years before that when I sat around the panicked audiences. money worth more pool with a world-renowned columnist On a recent TV Special, which was an- famous pinchpenny's Program, Mr. than his life? This was the first true sight in Florida. We were talking about radio nounced as a Birthday millions of viewers gag on radio. stars, that's how far back it was. He Benny confessed to always a matter of de- asked me about Jack Benny, who was that he was that day celebrating his 75th Timing is not humorous lines, but a mat- then the top comedian on radio. birthday. For a man who had been 39 livery of the the lines are said. As "You're a good friend of Jack Ben- since he was 40, the announcement came ter of to whom viewers. example. Phil Silvers has a hilarious ny's," he said. "Why does he walk around as no great surprise to his many almost glee- bit he does where he appears on a tele- all the time looking so worried?" But Mr. Benny seemed everybody on the show vision program with a singer. He did it "Well," I said, "I think it's because ful in telling if he with Frank Sinatra. he's afraid he'll drop all the way down that he was 75. It was almost as once his chest offered to help Sinatra become a to second place." were getting something off He better singer. He didn't approve of Si- He laughed. Made a note of it. I was ILLUSTRATED BY BOB CLARKE 24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J ULY 1969 same bit with a comparatively unknown ing monologue, the line went like this:

singer, and it didn't work at all. It could "Last week we did our show in Rome, have been true that the young new sing- this week we are in St. Louis. It seems er needed the help Phil was gratuitously the Cardinals are always with us." giving him, and their sympathy was with Perry laughed when I read the line the young fellow who had not yet to him. Then a little later he said he reached the heights of a successful Si- couldn't do that joke. I thought he meant

natra. From that time on he did the it would be sacrilegious. But no, his bit only with the Perry Comos, the Tony opinion was that the audience wouldn't

Bennetts, the Bing Crosbys and the like. get it. "That program can sure use some good It was my opinion that if there ever writers," you have probably often said was a town in which the St. Louis Car-

after watching a TV program that was dinals were well-known, it was St. Louis.

only trying to be funny. Maybe it needed We debated the subject for a few days.

better writers, maybe not. I must tell you Perry finally consented to use it with that a lot of the stars for whom writers one minor change, a change he hadn't concoct the funny things they say make told me he was going to make. Instead a comedy writer's craft a difficult one. of saying, "It seems the Cardinals are When I used to write for my friend, always with us," he delivered the line: the lovable Perry Como, we were often "It's always nice to have the Cardinals hard put to find the lines he would accept with us." for his opening monologue. A mono- Obviously he was worried about a logue for Perry, who sings like an angel couple of words. Saying "It seems the and doesn't want to be too hampered Cardinals are always with us" might with a writer's material, consists of about be misinterpreted by the audience to three or four humorous lines which he mean that he was trying to shake loose is to speak at the opening of each pro- having to be surrounded by Cardinals. gram after he has ad-libbed "Good eve- The audience in the big hall laughed,

' ning, friends, and welcome to the show. and applauded. I never learned how they

I recall a time when the show was on might have reacted to the original ver- the road, appearing each week in key sion. cities. This particular week we were in I might say that the best line concern- St. Louis. The monologue always had ing the trip to Rome was delivered not some references to the town in which by a writer, but by Mr. Como's lawyer, we played. And St. Louis seemed a par- Mr. Jack Katz. Perry was overwhelmed Phil Silvers helping Sinatra improve his ticularly his in singing brought down the house. Yet, w/ith tough town to incorporate into with good fortune gaining per- an unknown singer, Silvers' joke flopped. a monologue. mission to use the Sistine Choir, right Well, suddenly I came up with a line there in the chapel under Michelange- natra's diction. He said Frank wasn't I thought would be in the image of our lo's fabulous ceiling murals. He won- breathing from the diaphragm, and his star. I say suddenly, if two and a half dered aloud one day how he might show mouth and cheeks were not in the right hours staring at a ceiling in a hotel room his appreciation to the Church. We all position. He demonstrated by pursing is sudden. We had done our last show, sat mulling what would be appropriate Mr. Sinatra's hps. He slapped his cheeks, our Christmas program, in Rome, Italy, for such high honor. After some mo- then his chest, then insisted Frank hold around the Vatican. Perry, through a ments, Mr. Katz quietly spoke up: his stomach in as he breathed—in short special dispensation, had received the "Perry," he said, "why don't you ofl'er he manhandled Sinatra and the audience right to film the Sistine Chapel Choir and to have their ceiling redone?" And I'm responded spontaneously. present them for the first time on tele- not going to try to analyze why you Mr. Silvers once told me he tried the vision. With that as a basis for the open- might have laughed at that. {Turn to next page)

The gagwriter can spend a couple of hours just staring at a ceiling as he sweats out comedy lines that must appear spontaneous. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 25 got a big laugh. When the laugh died CONTINUE D What Are You Laughing At? down, he said, "And how's your brother!" And while we're on the subject of asked him, "What the hell does 'make it I was in bed for two days after that. Perry, and what people will laugh at, I lappy' mean?" The comedian phoned to ask if I was want to recall a day, years ago, when He explained that the comedian didn't Perry was a guest on "The Big Show'" think the audience would get the joke. sick. I told him I was in bed with a bad haircut. Which was an old joke which with Tallulah Bankhead. Also a guest He wanted it phrased so plainly that could have used a saver. that week was the incomparable mas- the joke is laid in the audience's collec- ter of the monologue. Bob Hope. His tive lap. But what cured me of ever writing entrance followed a song by Perry. This particular humorous line in ques- savers again was a joke we had in the It was during a final rehearsal that tion concerned Bing Crosby's brother, script a week later. It was a story about Bob came on stage and to my surprise Bob, who was a guest on the program. a man who after a day's work in his said, "That Perry Como is some singer. We had written a scene in which Bob office was off to get a train home, when His voice sounds like the mating call of telephoned the star of the show and said, he decided to stop at the corner bar for a mashed potato." "Hello, this is Bob Crosby." And the star a drink. There he met a fellow worker I rushed to the producer. I said, "That was to say, "Hello, Bob. How's every- with two girls from the office. One drink line isn't in the script." thing in Hollywood?" And Bob was to led to another and another, and the guy The producer replied, "I know, but say, "He's fine." found himself still there at two in the

Sometimes canned laughter is overdone and viewers are left behind as they strain to hear jokes lost in a roar of false guffaws. he asked if he could say it and I said The star came to me after the first re- morning. He suddenly realized he better yes." hearsal and said, "That joke means Bing get in touch with his wife. But how to

I said: "But it's not funny. It doesn't is fine, doesn't it?" I said it did. He said, explain it? He got her on the phone: mean anything. It's not based on fact, "Why don't we say Bing is fine." I said, "Hello, honey," he shouted to the dis- nor does it have any basic truth in hu- "I thought it would be clever if we did tracted wife, "don't pay the ransom! 1 mor." it obliquely." He said, "They won't get escaped!"

He said: "He wants to do it, and he it. Let's make it lappy, so they'll be sure That's a funny and simple enough hasn't complained about any of your to laugh." story. The star asked for a saver. I said material, so why fight it?" I tried to fight the good fight to make it doesn't need it, it's a sure laugh-getter.

"OK," I said, "but it won't get any- our comedy a little more subtle, explain- And it was. But the comedian had de- thing." ing that our comedian didn't give the cided on his own to put in a saver to

Shows you what I know. He said it audience credit for being above the 12- make it lappy. After the big laugh, he and it got one of the biggest laughs on year-old IQ. But we finally compro- added on his own: "Nobody finds this the show. So now you have another rea- mised. We would use what comedians kid napping." son why I don't try to analyze what call a "saver." That's something a writer can't con- makes people laugh. The mating call of A "saver" is a line following a joke trol—the ad-libs a comedian can throw a mashed potato, indeed! which fails to get a laugh. The "saver," in when the show is on the air. You have Even the biggest name comedians which seems to the audience to be im- probably heard thousands of savers. themselves aren't sure what people will provised by the comedian, is actually They run all the way from "I know laugh at. When I first wrote for tele- written into the script. you're out there, I can hear you breath- vision there was one comedian who al- So the routine now went: "How's ev- ing" to "What are you. an audience or ways said about a joke, "Make it lappy." erything in Hollywood?" to which Bob a jury?" And "These are the jokes, folks"

I always said I would, although I didn't would say, "He's fine." If it didn't get and "We have another audience warm- know what "lappy" meant. Being new a laugh he would add, "And how's your ing up in the wings" and "I'll wait" and in TV, I didn't want him to think I didn't brother?" That was the saver that would "Welcome to Forest Lawn" and "That's know my way around. After some weeks insure the laugh. the last time I'll buy a joke from Everett I swore one fellow of my writing team Well, what can I tell you? On the night Dirksen," and so on, ad nauseam. to secrecy about my ignorance, and of the show Bob said, "He's fine." This (Continued on page 48)

26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J ULY 1969 TO CELEBRATE THE FOURTH OF JULY...

'I am apt to believe, that . . .(the Declaration of Inclependence)will JOHN ADAMS be celebrated by succeeding generations as the great anniversary festival ... Second President It ought to be solemnized with pomp and parade with shows, games, sports, guns, of the United States 1797-1801 bells, bonfires, and illuminations, from one end of the continent to the other

from this time forward, forevermore . . ."jOHN ADAMS member of the Continental Congress in session

at Philadelphia, Pa. July 2, 1776, in a letter to his wife ABIGAIL ADAMS

DRAWING BY CHARLES WATERHOUSE THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 27 Win one of four new donated by the

28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 Ford Convertibles Seagram Posts*

The Seagram Posts Legion, P.O. Box 77164 Not a puzzle. Not a contest. American Atlanta, Georgia 30309 No need to be at the Convention to win. For tlie 23rd consecutive year Gentlemen: Seagram Posts 658, California, 807, Illinois

I am a member of Post #. ., American and 1283, Nev\/ York are donating four new convertibles to Legion, or a member of Unit # the American Legion Convention Corp. When you win, your post wins an American Legion Auxiliary located in (City) extra $250, also donated by Seagram Posts. (State) , Drawings will be held Sunday, August, 24, 1969 Please enter my name in the free drawings for during the Drum and Bugle Corps Finals four Ford Convertibles donated by the Seagram of the American Legion National Convention, Posts to the American Legion National Con- Georgia Tech Stadium, Atlanta, Ga. vention Corporation of Georgia. Drawings to Here's how you enter: be held August 24, 1969 in Georgia Tech Send in an official coupon (or mail Stadium, Atlanta, Georgia. Entries must be re- a postcard or letter using the coupon as a guide). ceived no later than Midnight August 22, Do not send your membership card. 1969.

All entries must be received no later (Please print) than midnight August 22, 1969. Name.

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Legion or Auxiliary Membership Card #

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . JULY 1969 29 Opposing Views by Congressmen on Tiie Question . ..

SHOULD WE HAVE A MANDATORY RETIREMENT AGE FOR

"YES" DEVELOPING a premise for the argument favoring that anyone be "retired IN mandatory retirement age for members of the legis- just for the sake of retire- lative and judicial branches, one is ultimately con- ment." I do think, how- fronted by the maxim—if a minimum age, why not a ever, that all of us reach a maximum age? certain point in our later In researching the many v^^hys and why nots of this adult years when our issue (which I did extensively before proposing legis- talents for existing jobs lation on the subject), I found myself continually are not as complete as they referring back to the Constitution. Although the docu- once were, though we still ment does specify a minimum age limit for members may maintain an inherent of Congress, and does qualify the terms of judges by interest in the routine of stating that they should hold office "during good be- the work. Case in point: Rep. George Bush (R-Tex.) the involved havior," nowhere is there found any specific reference and demand- 7th District to the matter of a maximum age limitation for those ing daily work load that a in Congress and the federal judiciary. Congressman faces; one which often becomes ex- Over the years. Congress has provided for a retire- tremely difficult and physically demanding for older ment age for civil servants, yet it has exempted itself members. I would hope that these older members and the courts. Even though the retirement benefits could be called upon to give their services—on a volun- for members of Congress and judges are highly appeal- tary basis—in some other capacity. I would also hope ing, they have not exactly induced an unbridled rush that I am offering them a new approach—an alternate for retirement row among those now qualified. Indeed, avenue through which these older members might the allure of these benefits has had a relatively better apply their talents. I feel that the adoption of negligible effect upon those eligible for retirement. this amendment by Congress and the American people efficient and a Accordingly, I feel the time has come for us to con- would result in a more Congress more sider a mandatory retirement age for judges and mem- effective court system. I of rules bers of Congress. I have introduced a resolution have always believed that one the primary proposing a Constitutional amendment that would do of life is change. What I am arguing for here decidedly that, I feel, will ultimately just this. represents change—change Specifically, my bill calls for a mandatory retire- mean a constructive manner of progress. ment age of 70 for members of Congress, the Supreme Court and other federal judges. In deference to those in office, it would not apply to any member of Congress serving at the time of enactment. In proposing this legislation, I am not advocating

you feel on this big; If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how

30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATIVE AND JUDICIAL BRANCHES?

|Y OPPOSITION to a Joseph Cannon, Sam Rayburn and John McCormack M mandatory retire- as Speakers. It would have eliminated eight years of ment age for members of service by John Marshall, nine years of service by Congress and federal Charles Evans Hughes and eight years of service by judges may appear to be Earl Warren as Chief Justices of the United States. self-serving. But I suggest These men rank among the most active and brilliant that there are objective justices to serve on the high court. reasons for rejecting this The point is simple but cogent: mandatory retire- well-meaning but ill-ad- ment for members of Congress and federal judges vised proposal. would deprive the country of valuable leadership. The unfortunate conse- I support voting at age 18 because I believe young quences that might flow voters would counterbalance an electorate weighted Rep. Claude Pepper (D-Fla.) from its adoption are easily with age and would have a beneficial effect on politics 11th District illustrated. A mandatory in our country. I do not discount young people because retirement age of 70 would have prevented many dis- of their age, nor reject a member of Congress or a tinguished political leaders in Great Britain, France federal judge because he has passed the age of 70. So and the United States from serving, and serving well, far as a member of Congress is concerned, the elec- their respective countries. torate can determine when he is too old to serve, and For example, Henry Palmerston could not have that determination is best left in their hands. Most served as Prime Minister of England from 1855 to federal judges, I am convinced, retire when they deem 1865, because he became 70 in 1854. Benjamin Disraeli themselves too old to perform the duties of their office. could not have served as Prime Minister of England There is no proof that a man's usefulness is finished from 1874 to 1880, for he turned 70 in December of at age 70, and until I can be convinced otherwise I 1874. William Gladstone, who became 70 on December remain opposed to mandatory retirement age. 29, 1879, would have thrice been prevented from serv- ing as Great Britain's Prime Minister—1880-1885, 1886 and 1892-1894. And Winston Churchill, who be- came 70 in 1944, could not have been Prime Minister from 1951 to 1955. In our own country, a mandatory retirement age of 70 would have prevented Henry Clay from serving a final term in the Senate. It would have denied the House of Representatives valuable years of service by

I have read in The American Legion Magazine for July the arguments in PRO & CON: Should We Have A Mandatory Retirement Age For Members Of The Legislative And Judicial Branches?

IN MY OPINION WE SHOULD WE SHOULD NOT HAVE A MANDATORY RETIREMENT AGE FOR MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATIVE AND JUDICIAL BRANCHES. ''ballot" it issue, fill out the and mail to him.- SIGNED ADDRESS.

TOWN STATE.

You can address any Representative c/o U.S. House of Representatives, Wash- ington, D.C. 20515; any Senator c/o U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. 20510.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 31 A DIGEST OF EVENTS WHICH VETERANS NEWSLETTER ARE OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU JULY 1969 PAST LEGiON COMMANDER DONALD JOHNSON would: extend the length of time NAMED TO HEAD VETS ADMINISTRATION: community nursing home care may Donald E. Johnson, 45, of West be provided for veterans at gov- Branch, Iowa, a Past National Com- ernment expense from six to nine who are mander of The American Legion (1964- months ; provide that veterans 65) was nominated to the office of 72 or older be adjudged unable to de- Administrator of Veterans Affairs by fray hospital or domiciliary care President Nixon on June 5 to succeed expenses ; eliminate the six months outgoing Veterans Administration limitation on the furnishing of nursing home care for service-con- chief William J. Driver . . . Johnson is a WW2 veteran, having served with nected disabled vets ; furnish medical Patton's 3rd Army in Europe ... He services for non-service connected has behind him a successful career in disabilities to totally disabled ser- vice-connected war veterans promote several businesses, chiefly in farm ; supplies and poultry products ... He care and treatment of veterans in is the father of nine children, the state veterans' homes; and improve and eldest of whom is serving with the make more effective VA programs of sharing specialized medical resources. Green Berets in Vietnam . . . Johnson was Iowa's state Legion Commander in LEGION'S SCHOLARSHIP SOURCE BOOK 1952-53 ; served on several Legion "NEED A LIFT?" NOW AVAILABLE: national commissions, and was twice the Iowa Legion's Nat'l Executive With commencement exercises for Committeeman before becoming Nat'l high school seniors out of the way, July is an excellent time for Cmdr in 1964 ... He has been active for many years on various local, college-bound juniors to concentrate state and national government bodies, on which career direction they're going which among them the Advisory Committee to to take, school they'd the Presidential Commission on Civil like to attend and where possible scholarships Rights, to which he was named by the may be available. This is where the late President Eisenhower He is Legion's Educa- ... tional and currently serving as Consultant to Scholarship Program steps in . . . For the past 18 years they the Office of Emergency Planning . . . have prepared "Need A Lift?" the Fred B. Rhodes is the VA's new — Deputy Administrator ... A former VA 128-page handbook chock full of in- formation on educational opportuni- General Counsel and a veteran of 12 ties, years staff service in Congress, career selections, education loans, Rhodes is a WW2 and Korean War veteran. scholarships and employment opportunities . . . The annually re- CONGRESS APPROVES BILL TO EASE vised book also lists information SPECIAL HOUSING FOR PARAPLEGICS: relative to state laws offering edu- Congress has approved and sent to cational benefits and serves as an the President a bill to liberalize excellent guide for teachers, guidance eligibility requirements for para- counseling officers and parents in plegic veterans so they can more planning with students to further easily acquire specially adapted hous- their education beyond high school. ing ... It increases grants for Copies of the valuable handbook are construction of special housing from available at 250 each (prepaid) or $10,000 to $12,500 and increases in quantities of 100 or more at 15<^ authorized maximum loans under the each (prepaid) from The American direct loan program from $17,500 to Legion, Dept. S^^ P.i^ Box 1055, $21,000 ... In addition, the bill Indianap olis , Ind. 46206. makes eligible those service-con- Another educational item prepared nected veterans who have lost the use by the Legion is "A Guide For Parents of one lower extremity and who suffer & Students," a pamphlet tightly other conditions affecting their packed with tips on colleges, testing balance or locomotion so that they services, etc. . . . Legion posts and need to use a wheelchair. other organizations can get 1,000 Guides for $5.00 (prepaid) or 500 SOME HOSPITAL BILLS FAVORABLY REPORTED copies (prepaid) for $2.50 from The BY HOUSE VETS AFFAIRS COMMITTEE: American Legion, Education and

The House Committee on Veterans Scholarship Program, Dept . A. , P.O. Affairs has approved bills that Box 1055, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206.

THE AMER CAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 OF THE NEWS AMERICAN LEGION AND VETERANS AFFAIRS

JULY, 1 969

ument and capped with a new 5-ton Nat1 Exec Committee Asks stone following the plaque rededication. • A banquet held in honor of the Na- Probe of Campus Disruptions tional Executive Committee and the Founders of The American Legion. Rep. Legion holds annual spring meeting in St. Louis; L. Mendel Rivers (S.C.), Chairman of the House Committee on Armed Serv- commemorates 50th Ann'y of first stateside caucus; ices, was the principal speaker. Committeemen spend week dedicated to policymaking, Another resolution passed by the Ex- honoring the past and planning for Legion's future. ecutive Committee was also keyed to na- tional headlines. It concerned cutbacks in the federal budget and possible effects Reflecting the nationwide concern for Among the special events during the on the Veterans Administration hospital the unrest taking place on many college week were: and medical programs. campuses. The American Legion's Na- • American Legion recognition of the Nat'l the floor to tional Executive Committee at its annual 100th Anniversary of professional base- Cmdr Doyle took spring meeting adopted a resolution call- ball during field ceremonies prior to the emphasize the seriousness of the situa- tion as it related for ing for the investigation of organizations St. Louis Cardinals-San Diego game at to medical care operating at institutions of learning Busch Memorial Stadium on Friday eve- veterans, the possible long range loss of whose sole purpose seems to be the dis- ning. May 9. National Commander Wil- veterans benefits and the possible merg- ruption of educational processes. liam C. Doyle presented a plaque com- ing of VA programs into the general run The Committee also adopted 60 other memorating baseball's centennial to of programs handled by the Department resolutions covering a wide range of sub- Baseball Commissioner Bowie Kuhn. of Health, Education & Welfare for the jects as they convened at the Chase- • A Prayer Breakfast hosted by Mis- population at large. Park Plaza Hotel in St. Louis, Mo., May souri Gov. Warren E. Hearnes on Sat- Doyle reported he had expressed his 8-9 to commemorate the Anniversary of urday, May 10. Rep. Richard H. Ichord concern to President Nixon about the the Legion's first stateside caucus held (Mo.), Chairman of the House Com- efi'ect on VA medical care for Vietnam in that city 50 years ago. National com- mittee on Internal Security, was the prin- vets now being discharged at the rate of missions and other committees met May cipal speaker. about 70-80,000 per month. He noted 6-7. These sessions are usually held at • A Rededication of the plaque mark- that the rapid recovery techniques de- Nat'l Hq in Indianapolis. (A digest of ing the site of the original St. Louis Cau- veloped in the Vietnam War are saving the adopted resolutions which will form cus followed the Prayer Breakfast. a lot of battle-wounded men who in future national Legion policy appears on • The Legion's 50th Anniversary Time other wars might have died in the field. page 35.) Capsule was placed in the Missouri Mon- However, due to the severity of their

Some Legion Founders Pose For Pictures At 50th Anniversary of St. Louis Caucus

Twenty-one Legion Founders sat for pictures during St. Louis Richard E. Davis, Morgantown, W. Va.; Joseph A. Bernard, meeting. First row (I to r): Alpha Kenna, Topeka, Kans.; John J. St. Louis, Mo.; Bruno Zingrone, Chicago, III.; Hugh Haugherty, Wicker, Jr., Richmond, Va.; Paul Baldwin, Dunedin, Fla.; Thomas Oklahoma City, Okla.; David L. Shillinglaw, Chicago, III.; W. Miller, Reno, Nev.; Gale F. Johnstone, St. Louis, Mo. Charles R. Tips, Dallas, Tex.; Hamilton Fish, New York. N.Y. (at whose house photo was taken); Levi M. Hall, Minneapolis, standing (I to r): John F, Robertson, Sarasota, Fla.; Angelo Can- Minn.; James L. Boyle, Waterville, Me.; Lue Lozier, Moberly, gemi, St. Petersburg, Fla.; J. Edward Radley, Peoria, III.; Roger Mo.; Joseph F. Healy, New York, N.Y. Second row (I to r): V, Flory, Sarasota, Fla., and Oscar Wenstrand, Red Oak, Iowa. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 33 50th Anniversary Ceremonies Commemorating St. Louis Caucus Legion Founder Jerome Duggan (Mo.) rededicates plaque denoting site of original St. Louis Caucus held in May 1919. Atop monument is Nat'l Cmdr Doyle, about to drop the time capsule containing 50 years of Legion history into monument. Shortly there- after, a five-ton capstone was placed over inscribed stone. At left is perpetual Flame of Freedom which will top the monument. Capsule is to be opened in the year 2019. wounds, these men now need a much urged by Reorganization Subcommittee phisticated ABM system you can imag- longer and more intensive period of spe- member Ralph Godwin (Miss.) to mail ine. We better get on with some kind of cialized hospital care. Such care would in his own comments on the proposal, ABM." not be available if the VA"s hospital and for additional consideration before any Rep. Rivers guaranteed a bill author- medical services were reduced. version of a reorganization plan might izing the ABM system would pass the The Cmdr called for a campaign to be oflfered for definite action. House and said that he hoped it would remind Congress and the President that Over 650 persons attended the Nat'l pass the Senate. He noted that if as long as there is no progress being Commander's Banquet to the National we never use the ABM, it will have made at the Paris Peace Talks and as Executive Committee and the Founders proved its worth. Declaring that the long as the war continues to be hard- of the Legion at the Chase-Park Plaza U.S.S.R.'s missiles have first-strike ca- fought, casualty rates will continue to Hotel on the evening of May 8. pabilities, he noted that "if you suffer rise and VA services will be needed. They heard featured speaker. Rep. L. the first strike, all your efforts (at retalia- Among other resolutions concerning ." Mendel Rivers (S.C.), Chairman of the tion) will be for nothing. . The Legion the Vietnam War were those calling for: House Committee on Armed Services, backs an ABM system. priority consideration of the safe and vow his support of and the nation's need Referring to the unrest at colleges and early return of U.S. prisoners of war for an antiballistic missile system. He in the cities. Rep. Rivers sharply con- in North Vietnam by Paris Peace Con- said: "The Russians have the most so- demned "the savages on the campuses ferees; issuance of a Cold War discharge lapel button for honorably discharged servicemen; a special government life in- Legion Honors Baseball's Centennial at Busch Memorial Stadium surance program and preference in Farmers Home Administration loans for Vietnam Era veterans. In a resolution covering the Panama Canal, the Legion reaffirmed its existing policy that the 1903 Canal Treaty be adhered to and also called for an in- crease in capacity and major operational improvements. In addition, the Commit- tee urged deferment of current negotia- tions with the Republic of Panama. The Nat'l Executive Committee's Re- organization Subcommittee, headed by L. O. Bickel (W.Va.), presented a ten- tative plan for reorganization of the commission and committee structure of the Legion, based on several year's study. No action was called for. The pro- posal was given in written form to each member of the Executive Committee to take home and study, and to pass on to Kuhn, Nat'l League his successor if he is in a Department Nat'l Cmdr Doyle introduces (I to r) Baseball Commissioner Bowie President Warren Giles, Bob Feller, Stan Musial and Joe (Ducky) Medwick to fans at St. that will elect a new Nat'l Executive Louis' Busch Memorial Stadium preceding a Legion plaque presentation to Commis- this year. Committeeman sioner Kuhn in honor of baseball's 100th anniversary. Feller, Musial and Medwick are Each member of the Committee was graduates of Legion baseball programs and have been elected to Baseball's Hall of Fame. 34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 NEWS

Insurance and Trust Committee. Win- Bottle ners will be individually notified when Legion Commemorative their applications have been authenti- By special arrangement with the cated. Alternates were also selected in J. W. Dant Distilling Co., a major case of difficulties. division of Schenley Industries, Inc., • The Legion called for Congress to a commemorative bottle, in recogni- make plans to celebrate the nation's tion of The American Legion's 50th 200th anniversary in 1976 and to es- Anniversary, will be made available tablish June 14, Flag Day as a legal, to members of The American Legion federal holiday. and The American Legion Auxiliary The Committee also approved tenta- and their friends. Action favoring tive National Convention awards to the the project was taken at the meetings Rep. Rivers Rep. Ichord cities of Houston, Tex., for Aug. 27- of the 50th Anniversary Committee Both spoke to Legion in St. Louis. Sept. 2, 1971, Chicago, III., for Aug. 25- held in St. Louis on May 7th. Hope- and the murderers in the streets," saying: 31, 1972, and Los Angeles, Calif., for fully, the commemorative bottle will "If we don't find a way to contain this Aug. 24-30, 1973. be ready for distribution during the crowd, your civilization will be looking This year's Convention will be in At- period of the National Convention at the twilight of this glorious land." lanta. Ga., Aug. 22-28. (See page 37 for in Atlanta as well as in Posts, with set At a Prayer Breakfast held Saturday some details.) The 1970 conclave is licenses, and at local dealers. Watch morning. May 10, another member of for Portland. Ore., Aug. 28-Sept. 3. future issues of The American Le- Congress addressed a Legion gathering Some other important future dates: gion Magazine, Advance and The prior to Rededication Ceremonies at the • The fall. 1968 meetings of the Nat'l American Legion News Service for will be held Oct. St. Louis Caucus Plaque and the place- Executive Committee more specific information. ment of a Legion Time Capsule. 8-9 at Nat'l Hq in Indianapolis with national commissions and committees Rep. Richard H. Ichord, Chairman, • Calls for legislation to provide that unremar- widows of posthumously awarded Medal Internal Security, and the Conference of Department Com- ried House Committee on of Honor winners be entitled to a $100 monthly Adjutants meeting Oct. 6-7. spoke on the many social and other prob- manders and special pension. (33) • covering Servicemen's Group The Executive Committee will r.lso meet Seeks legislation lems concerning the nation today and Life Insurance that would (1) increase coverage before and after the Nat'l Con- to $30,000 (2) provide that proceeds be paid only called for the same type of ideals which briefly to beneficiaries having a vested interest in the vention in Atlanta on Aug. 24 and 28. led to the Legion's founding as a guide insured (3) pay a minor widow direct, and (4) • 1970 Washington Conference exempt proceeds from taxation and creditor today's ills. The by which to solve claims. (32) will be held Mar. 2-6. • legislation to authorize community nurs- He said: "Today this country is fight- Seeks ing home care for nine months at federal ex- • The spring. 1970 meeting of the Nat'l ing a great internal battle—a battle oense. (31) held • 10 USC, chapter 55 to provide because of the gap Executive Committee will be May Seeks to amend which has sprung up community medical and hospital care for WW'2 4-7 Indianapolis. between the ideal and fulfillment, prin- in veterans separated from service because of dis- ability. (30) ciple and opportunity, spirit and power. • Seeks legislation to provide a statutory pre- sumption of service-connected death of any vet- It has become most difficult to find the of Resolutions Digest eran who has been rated totally disabled by relationship between the two ex- reason of service-connected disability for 20 or valid Here is a digest of resolutions adopted more years. (29) tremes." by the National Executive Committee at • Seeks legislation to provide for the payment Rep. Ichord said that the new revolu- of transportation allowances for the bodies of the May meeting in St. Louis. The identi- veterans who die in armed forces hospitals. (28) at- • dependency and tionary groups were concentrating on fying number follows each resolution in Seeks legislation to increase indemnity compensation to widows and children tracting the nation's youth by moving parentheses. into the institutions of learning and even • Supports legislative investigation of organiza- Auxiliary into business, labor and civic organiza- Donates $50,000 tions operating at institutions of learning whose tions. sole purpose seems to be the disruption of edu- cational processes. (53) He suggested a seven-point program • Urges Congress to declare June 14 as Flag Day it a national, legal holiday. (51) to counteract this activity. He called for and make • Urges sufficient funds for the effective opera- all students a square of the medical and hospital programs. ( 1 ) efforts to get tion VA universities to be run by (45) deal and for • Reaffirms existing Legion policy on the Panama expert educators (2) pressure on college Canal, urges an increase in capacity and major operational improvements of the Canal and asks administrators to help them establish a deferment of current negotiations virith the Re- of Panama. (41) policy of firmness in dealing with campus public • Calls for priority consideration of the safe and dissenters who break the law (3) a re- early return of U.S. prisoners of war in North Vietnam during Paris Peace Conference on of the draft laws and adop- evaluation Vietnam. (40) tion of a lottery selection method (4) • Urges issuance of a Cold War discharge lapel button for honorably discharged servicemen. (10) the nation to listen to the voices of • Calls upon Congress to form a committee to plan activities to commemorate the 200th Anni- strength and reason and not the voices of versary of the U.S. in 1976. (54) weakness and indecision (5) an under- • Calls for law to provide that the VA Adminis- trator be authorized to establish and operate not as standing of legitimate dissent opposed less than 6,000 VA nursing home care beds. (38) to criminal action (6) a redefinement of • Seeks law to provide that proceeds of U.S. Government and National Service Life Insurance "national security for America" to in- be relieved from imposition of the federal estate tax. clude internal as well as external se- (37) • Seeks legislation to provide special monthly curity and (7) a rededication of 100% compensation to veterans whose service-con- nected disability reguires chronic hemodialysis. Nat'l Cmdr Doyle holds up a hat worth combatting of the Americanism and the (36) $50,000 just presented to Legion by Aux- • Seeks law to authorize hospital and out-patient harmful aspects of any ism. iliary President Mrs. Arthur B. Hanell care in civilian facilities of the dependents of Executive Committee Among other items of business during those who died of a service-connected disability. (Cal.) during Nat'l (35) meeting in St. Louis. The money repre- the Legion's busy week in St. Louis: • Seeks law to deny burial in national ceme- sents Auxiliary contributions in support of of veterans found of acts involving • Fifty $2,000 college scholarships were teries guilty Rehabilitation national security or convicted and sentenced for the Legion's National awarded by the American Legion Life certain crimes. (34) and Child Welfare programs. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 35 NEWS. a* a rate commensurate with the current cost of living. (27) • Calls for legislation to extend the chronic disease period for psychosis to two years for the purpose of service connection. (26) • Asks legislation to increase educational as- sistance allowances for veterans. (25) • Calls for executive order or legislation to exempt the VA from the Dual Compensation Act to allow military retirees to accept employment with the VA Department of Medicine and Sur- gery (24) • Calls for rescinding of the inability-to-pay oath requirement for veterans 70 or older who are otherwise eligible for VA hospitalization. (23) • Supports legislation to reopen National Service Life Insurance for one year to insurable and service-disabled veterans of WW2 and the Korean War. (22) • Calls for legislation to provide mustering-out pay for those with military service after Aug. 4, 1964. (21) • Asks legislation to eliminate the restrictions on receipt of duplicate or concurrent educational benefits for veterans. (20) • Supports legislation to provide a special gov- ernment life insurance program for Vietnam era veterans. (19) • Calls for legislation to increase VA assistance to seriously disabled veterans in acquiring spe- cially adapted housing from $10,000 to $20,000. (18) • Supports legislation to grant preference to Vietnam era veterans for Farmers Home Ad- Legionnaires colors in Soldier Field ministration loans. (12) mass • Supports legislation to permit federal em- at Cook County Annual 4th of July Show. ployees to receive both Federal Employees Com- pensation and military retiree pay when injured July 4th as on every Indepen- as a civilian employee of the government. (13) THIS • Opposes contracting out of government services dence Day since 1935, the Cook in violation of the Veterans Preference Act. (14) County Council (First Division) of The • Favors maintenance of superior defenses of the United States. (15) American Legion in Chicago. 111., will • Urges the provision of necessary and adequate run its annual Fourth of July Show. equipment for the Reserve components. (42) • Commends Congress for granting an addi- Billed as one of the world's largest tional 12 months benefits under the new Gl Bill to Vietnam era veterans. (52) safe and sane Independence Day fire- • Authorizes and funds the reactivation of works show, it annually attracts some Special Rehabilitation Representative visitations to Armed Forces Hospital Amputee Centers. (17) 50,000 people to Soldier Field in • Deplores the action of anyone who sings with lakefront Grant Park. disrespect or mimics the National Anthem. (55) Chicago's • Encourages all Legion posts to present 50-year As if fireworks weren't enough, along members with life memberships and that a reasonably priced Life Membership card be de- with them patrons get a beauty pag- veloped by the National Emblem Committee. (49) eant, stock car races, demolition car • Urges improvement in educational services for Sample of fireworks at show. handicapped children. (47) races, medal awards to Chicago's police • Opposes any modification in the existing cri- gram actually benefits veterans from all teria on which the award of the Medal of Honor and fire heroes, clowns, acrobats, drum over Illinois. of the proceeds go to is based in to present it to astronauts. Some order (46) & bugle corps performances, massed flag • Endorses "Architectural Barriers Program" for Legion Child Welfare, Americanism and colleges and universities. (11) displays and other ceremonies. • Abolishes the Legion's National Certificate of other programs. In addition. Cook Since 1935, 2.236,436 people have Honor. (9) of other • Recommendations for Amity County contributes to programs International been entertained at these shows and the Award winners for 1969. (8) civic and charitable organizations. • Establishes American Legion Canadian Friend- net proceeds have cHmbed to $1,027,- ship Award. (7) To exemplify the Legion's respect for • Transfers Andros Island Post 139 from the 334.89 through the 1968 performance. Dep't of Puerto Rico to the Dep't of Virginia and law and order the Cook County Council The huge show is virtually Cook renumbers it to 193. (6) annually awards on this day its Distin- • Authorizes a marker at the gravesite of County's main source of revenue with Franklin D'Olier indicating that he was the first guished Fireman's Cross for Heroism Nat'l Cmdr of The American Legion. (5) which to run First Division Rehabilita- • Authorizes temporary for General and Police Cross for Bravery to a Chi- charter tion programs. Since many downstate Rafael Jalandoni Post 61, Dep't of the Philip- cago fireman and peace officer who per- pines. (4) veterans come to Chicago area VA hos- • Honors former President Harry S. Truman on formed acts above the call of duty. With pro- his 85th birthday. May 8, 1969. (1) pitals for specialized treatment, the • Creates Sons of The American Legion Commit- each award goes a $100 check. tee attached to Nat'l Membership and Post Ac- Another highlight of the show is the tivities Committee. (60) • Urges Legion departments to emulate Ohio Parade of Queens—the final event of a Legion program of Americanism and Govern- ment in high schools. (58) series of beauty contests held throughout • Creates a Boys State-Boys Nation Subcommit- the Chicago area in Cook County's nine tee within the Nat'l Americanism Commission. (61) districts. Early in the spring each district • Commends F.B.I. Director J. Edgar Hoover for to represent it. runoff his book entitled "J. Edgar Hoover on Com- selects a queen A munism." (57) contest is held in May to select the Miss • Commends the "Reader's Digest" for its spe- cial feature honoring the U.S. Flag. (56) 4th of July Queen who leads her court of • Asks approval to reimburse The American in an auto- Legion for Life Insurance Trust Fund expenses. individual District Queens (50) mobile pageant around the field during • Concerns specifications, bids and contracts for Emblem Division merchandise. (44) halftime. Each girl is escorted by her • Rescinds certain National Emblem Sales non- Legion District Commander and a show legislative policy resolutions. (43) • Extends appreciation to St. Louis, Mo., for business celebrity currently appearing in assisting the Legion in observance of its 50th Anniversary. (39) Chicago. (See photo.) • Supports national anti-litter programs. (2) in • Promotes Legion 50th Anniversary film, "An All servicemen and women uniform American Legend." (3) Cook County's 4th of July Queen, Miss are admitted to the show free of charge • Calls for the placing of a bust of the late Deborah Zawne—flanked by 1st Div. Cmdr General Dwight D. Eisenhower in the Museum as are patients in VA and military hos- Nick Livas (I) and Dep't Cmdr Al Swi- at American Legion Nat'l Hq. (48) pitals. • Memorial tribute to Dwight D. Eisenhower. (62) derski—will reign at Fireworks Show. 36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 )

NEWS

take place at the Legion Convention in This year's show is expected to wind up with a ten-ton display of aerial bombs Atlanta. Aug. 23 and beautiful ground display fireworks. Saturday, • Junior Color Guard Contest. 8 :00 a.m.. Legion identification with Soldier Piedmont Park. Carries over to Sunday Field goes back even further than the if not completed on Saturday. first Independence Day show staged • Junior Drum & Bugle Corps Prelimi- there. In 1924, when a stadium was be- naries. 8:00 a.m.. North Springs High ing built in Grant Park, farsighted Cook School, Dunwoody, Ga. Carries over to County Legionnaires were instrumental Sunday if not completed on Saturday. in getting the city fathers to have it con- • Junior Band Contest. 9:00 a.m., At- structed in the form of a war memorial lanta Civic Center Auditorium. and named Soldier Field in honor of the • Senior Band Contest. Follows Junior thousands of Illinois soldiers, sailors and Band Contest at Auditorium. marines who had served their nation in • Motorcycle Drill Team Contest. 2:00 WWI and other wars. p.m. Site to be announced. In part, their resolution read: "... we Sunday, Aug. 24 urge that the stadium he clothed with • Senior Color Guard Contest. Follows oil the attributes of a War memorial for Junior Color Guard Contest, Piedmont the reason that a stadium may be made Park. Exact time to be announced. the gathering place for all that is best in • Firing Squad Contest. Follows Senior the community, a theatre for the con- President Nixon is scheduled to receive Legion Distinguished Service Medal. Color Guard Contest at Rose Bowl Field. stant presentation of living, breathing Exact time to be announced. demonstrations of patriotism and an and Junior Drum & Bugle Corps Cham- • Senior Drum & Bugle Corps Prelimi- arena where the youth of the city and pionship Finals will be held at the Geor- naries. Follows Junior preliminaries at State may, through the generations, con- gia Tech Stadium (Grant Field) be- North Springs High School, Dunwoody, tend in feats of prowess that may render ginning at 7:00 p.m., Sun., Aug. 24. Ga. them always fit to defend their country." Here, the top five senior and top seven • Auxiliary Musical Groups Contest. junior corps will vie for national honors. 9:00 a.m.. Auditorium. General admission tickets will be $2.00 National Convention Information • Chorus & Quartet Contest. 1 :00 p.m.. and reserved seats are $2.50. They can be The American Legion will award its Auditorium. purchased in advance from the National highest honor, the Distinguished Service • Jr. and Senior Drum & Bugle Corps Convention Corp. of Georgia, Sheraton- Medal, to President Richard M. Nixon Finals — Parade of Champions. 7:00 Biltmore Hotel, 817 W. Peachtree St.. at its 51st National Convention in At- p.m., Georgia Tech Stadium (Grant N.E., Atlanta, Ga., 30383. Tickets pur- lanta, Ga., Aug. 22-28. The President Field). chased prior to Aug. 15 will auto- has also been invited to deliver the open- matically receive a $.50 discount. ing address to the Convention. • The 23rd Annual Drawing for the Here is the latest information on con- four Ford convertible cars donated by vention activities. (Also, see map of the Seagram posts of the Legion will take downtown Atlanta.) place during the Drum & Bugle Corps • The American Legion's Fourth NORTH ST. Finals. (See ad on page 29 and send in Estate Award is scheduled to be awarded your free coupon. to George W. Healy, Jr., Executive Edi- n/Do • The big parade will start at 7:00 tor of the New Orleans Times-Picayune n p.m., Mon., Aug. 25. It leaves from D and States-Item and to Raymond J. Mills Street, goes south on West Peach- McHugh, Vice President of the Copley tree, then on to Peachtree, continuing to News Service and Chief of its Washing- Marietta where it turns to the right and ton Bureau. Both men are Legionnaires. disbands at Cone Street. (See map.) The • The Legion's Headquarters Hotel 1 reviewing stand will be located on Peach- will be the Regency Hyatt House Hotel. =1, tree Street right in front of the Regency. Nat'l Hq offices will open there in Ivy • During the Convention period the Zlc3 Hall for operations at 8:00 a.m., Mon., Atlanta Falcons will play a football game Aug. 18. with the visiting Washington Redskins • The Legion Auxiliary will have its for the benefit of the Shrine Charities PARADE^J headquarters and business sessions at the Knights Templar Eye Foundation and Marriott Motor Hotel. It opens for busi-

the Scottish Rite Crippled Childrens Hos- j i HARRIS. , ^ ness at 8:00 a.m., Mon., Aug. 18. In pital. The game is scheduled for 8:00 addition, the Auxiliary will hold its 1 DO < a p.m.. Sat., Aug. 23, at Atlanta Stadium. CAiNST. annual States Dinner at the Marriott on I Tickets are available for $6.00 each plus Wed., Aug. 27, at 8:00 p.m. 500 per order for handling from the Fal- • The National Commander's Dinner con Ticket Office, Atlanta Stadium, At- to Distinguished Guests will be held in lanta, Ga. Make check payable to the the Phoenix Ballroom of the Regency Atlanta Falcons. Hotel on Tues., Aug. 26, at 7:30 p.m. • The American Legion Public Me- morial Program will be held at the At- Convention Contest Schedule lanta Civic Center Auditorium at 4:30 Here is the latest information avail- '17/7/7/7/ p.m. on Aug. 24. able on the sites, dates and times of com- Downtown Atlanta showing parade route • The Legion's combination Senior petitions and other events scheduled to and points of major Legion interest. THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 37 NEWS.

Legion Celebrates its 50th Five are illuminated. In the photo are Post 365, Collinsville, III., had a ban- A fascinating collection of "then and Post Cmdr E. W. Parsons and Earl King. quet speaker, Bob Hardy, of KMOX. now" (1919 and 1968) photos of the Markham manager. who discussed elements in today's so- ciety post's 50-year members and an account which tend to lead young people alienation, of Legion history in Texas, coupled with to protest, and a breakdown of values. Especially critical action in Mexico relating to the chase of "rock" music, he advised parents to listen closely after Pancho Villa, is the work of Post 40" 235, San Antonio, Texas. With each to the lyrics of the "Top and take note of how much of it glorifies the use 1919 photo is something of the individ- of narcotics. ual's WWl record and with each 1968 Post 150, Kingston, N.Y., at its ban picture is up-to-date information. quet honored its 103 50-year members left right), Post 223, N.J.: two gifts for the bore and heard from (see photo, to former Kingston Mayor Conrad Heisel- Post 223, Barrington, N.J., gave the borough a new flag to be flown outside Borough Hall, and a tree to be planted in front of the Hall. In the photo are: Councilman Harold Mullins; Adjutant Evan Heckman; Finance Officer Cole- man Walker; Post Cmdr Edward Mellor; County Sgt.-at-Arms Charles Mellor; and Mayor Ernest Schuck. Also partici- pating in the presentation were Mes- dames Brown, Houck, Rettinger, Mada- jewski, and Mellor of the Auxiliary. Post 150, N.Y., gave 103 50-year pins. Post 32, Exeter, N.H., had a church man, MC; Daniel O'Connor, chairman service, banquet, WWl Night, dance and of the Legion's Nat'l Americanism Com- Post 438, Ind.: In memory of Jane Mayer parade. Attending were Gov. Walter Pe- mission, guest speaker; Mayor Raymond terson and Congressman Louis Wyman. Garraghan; Everett Emmick. Post 150 Indianapolis, Ind., Women's Post 438 Cmdr; and Thomas Bohan. Past Dep't presented two flags to Marion County VC, anniversary chairman. General Hospital. The flags were to be Post 113, Virginia Beach, Va., had an placed in the new seven-story, $16 mil- Anniversary Ball, with the help of lion expansion of the hospital—one in Mayor Frank Dusch, who proclaimed the auditorium and one in the Chapel in the week of Feb. 7-14 American Legion memory of the late Jane Gould Mayer, Week. In the photo are (1. to rt.): Dep'l Nat'l Secretary of the Auxiliary for 12 Cmdr Gordon Ragsdale; Post Cmdr years. In the photo Dr. Arvine Popple- Frank Shea; Mayor Dusch; and Jim well, hospital superintendent, accepts the Pilley, ball chmn. flags from (1. to rt.) Mrs. Elsie Girton. Pa's Dist. 11: gift to maintain life Post Adjutant; Mrs. Ann Sinders, Post Cmdr; and Mrs. Mabel Baker, 1st Pennsylvania's District 11 gave $500. VCmdr. as part of its Anniversary Community Involvement Program, to the Kidney Machine Fund for Joseph Kareha. who

is totally dependent upon it. In the photo,

1. to rt.: Dr. Almo J. Sebastianelli, alter- nate Nat'l Executive Committeeman; Donald Talerico, Scranton Jaycees treas- Post 113, Va.: the Mayor's Proclamation urer; and Edmund Bojnowski, District

1 1 Cmdr. Merchant Marine Post 945, New York, in commemorating the 50th, gave Post 9, Wash.: help from the adman the Distinguished Service Award to Gen. Spoltane, Wash., Post 9 worked with John Franklin, retired chairman of the the Markham Advertising Co. toward board and president of United States getting Legion billboards displayed. Lines, and to the Hon. James Farrell, Eight sign boards and labor were con- Jr.. chairman of the board and Execu- tributed free by the Markham company. tive Committee. Farrell Lines. Inc.

MILE HIGH PHOTO Bergen Co., N.J., cited 153 oldtimers.

The Bergen County, N.J., Legion drew over 500 to its celebration, which honored 153 50-year members. In the photo are. from the left: Tom Smith. Bergen Co. VC; Enrico La Porta; Louis Perrone; Harold Lampe; and Lou Caras. anniversary chmn. Of the 124 men and 2 women, 50-year members of Post 1, Denver, Colo., 61 at- tended the banquet (the camera missed two at right), heard W. C. Schneider of NASA. Post 610, Brook Park, Ohio, had Lt.

38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 NEWS

Dallas's Past Nat'l Cmdrs, Henry Linds- Because a plant manager felt the Le- ley and Alvin Owsley, paid tribute to gion had done a lot for the communities Law & Order, and heard a medley of and should have a good coverage for its WWl songs, a verbal history of the Le- anniversary, the Butler (N.J.) Argus gion, and an address by Lt. Gov. Ben came out recently with over two full Barnes. pages of Legion history and current Gov. Albert Brewer of Alabama pro- facts. Post 154 of Butler initiated the claimed March as Legion 50th Anni- promotion, and presented Hugh Mac-

Next time, he'll get it right versary Month. Many mayors in the state Manamy and the staff of the Argus with did the same. In addition, the Governor a thank-you resolution. In the photo at Gov. John Brown and Alternate Nat'l declared March 25th Lewis E. McCray the Post Office are three mayors: Roger Executive Committeeman Dr. Michael Day in honor of the Legion's Nat'l Vice Struble, Butler; Glenn Sisce, Kinnelon; Chakeres at its dinner-dance. Tiie How- Cmdr. and Daniel Morse, Bloomingdale; Jo- ard Johnson's Motor Lodge sign is sephine Krzywa, Unit 154 president; Al- stronger on community spirit than on fonso Magurno, Bloomingdale postmas- spelling (see photo). ter; Edward Struble, Butler postmaster; and Richard Larkin, Post 154 Cmdr.

Post 137, Fla., honors a CMH winner.

Post 137, Jacksonville, Fla., gave its banquet in honor of its past commanders and also honored Capt. (Chaplain) Charles (Angelo) Liteky, USA, Congres- sional Medal of Honor recipient, a guest speaker. Other speakers were Dep't Cmdr John Feeney, Congressman Charles Bennett, and Dr. Cecil Hardesty, Post 154, Butler, N.J., observes 50th. supt. of Duval Co. schools. In the photo, Post 174, Palmyra, Mo., dedicated a 1. to rt: 5th Dist. Cmdr B. Blois; Captain Post 103, Deerfield, N.H.: Cake-cutting new post home as part of the observance. Liteky; needed expertise of Lois Tilton, unit's Cmdr Feeney; John Liteky; and Pennsylvania Dep't Cmdr John E. Gil- '69 first president ('47); Marjorie Harris, Post Cmdr George Patterson. bert spoke at the dinner-dance of Post president; R. B. Elliott, Post 103 Cmdr; Post 499, Blue Springs, Mo., has two 614, Patton, Pa. and Roger King, post's first cmdr. members on the staff of The Jackson Also holding observances were Post County Sentinel. They got the help of 298, Attica, Kans.; Post 491, Dun- the editor, Mrs. Lois Lauer Wolfe, and combe, Iowa; Post 15, Winslow, Ariz.; put out an eight-page special section Post 30, Pomona, Calif.; Post 474, Don- which told all about the Legion, past and nellson, Iowa; Post 213, Sussex, N.J.; present, with color and photos. Post 19, Baltimore, Md.; Post 95, Brock- Oneonta, N.Y., Post 259 contributed way, Pa.; Post 65, Childress, Texas; Post material to the Oneonta Star, a daily, for 244, East Sparta, Ohio; Post 40, Seattle, a six-page section, and also supplied a Wash.; Post 484, Mt. Washington (Cin- list of post members who were adver- cinnati) and Post 50, Cincinnati. Ohio; tisers in the paper. The paper then did Post 267, Ormond Beach, Fla.; Post 6, some ad soliciting. Adjutant Edwin Macomb, III.; Post 8, Washington, D.C.; Moore wrote the copy and prepared the 16th District, Calif.; Post 298, Housa- layouts. The project told the complete tonic, Mass.; Post 127, Great Barring- Legion national and local story through ton, Mass.; Post 68, Pittsfield, Mass.; the years. Post 20, Pittsburgh, N.Y.; Post 71, At a picnic and barbecue put on by Kansas City, Mo.; Post 167, Harrisburg, the 11th District, Arizona, Cmdr Bob III.; Post 948, Scranton, Pa.; Post 264, Deyerberg conducted an old country Tonawanda, N.Y. auction which raised $356 for the Dis- Other posts observing the 50th were: trict Hospital Fund. In the evening. Post Post 62, Beech Grove, Ind.; Post 414, 61, Avondale, hosted a dance for all Wilkinsonville (Sutton), Mass.; and Post those attending the picnic. 346, Neptune, N.J.

Americanism officer Albert St. Cyr, at "A Remote Corner in Vietnam" left, and Post Cmdr Nicholas Puorro Mr. Carl MacMillan give War Bonds to winners of 50th Ann. Cmdr, Post 287 Essay Contest—Post 327, Roxbury, Mass. Wake Forest, N.C. Post 1, Laconia, N.H., used the oc- casion to sell the Legion to nonmembers, Dear Mr. MacMillan: I would like to and will erect a 50-Year Memorial on take this opportunity to thank you and the front lawn of the post home, with the members of Post 287 for remember- Post 311, Hawley, Pa.: 50-year members dedication planned for Memorial Day. ing the officers and men of Advisory got their certificates from Dep't Cmdr Post 581, Dallas, Texas, honored John Gilbert (shown wearing white hat). Team 32 here in the Republic of Viet- THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 39 NEWS

nam. We appreciate your thoughtfulness "Over 1 ,000 boys attended Boys State tween pages two and three) in a recent not only because reading material is diffi- this year, and among these boys, who edition. A ten-inch, two-column ad on cult to obtain out here, but because we were supposed to have been chosen for page two tells of the project and how to know that someone is thinking about us their leadership potential, the percentage affix the decal to car or home window back home, and that is rare in these days who showed any interest in service to pane. and times. their country was appalling. I began to

I made the books and magazines wonder where our nation would get Rudolf Friederich, of Post 779, Wood- available to everyone, as a gift of the trained leaders to command its troops. bury, N.Y., is the author of a new book,

Wake Forest American Legion, and I "My father, who was an officer in "Medal of Honor Citation Supplements." assure you they were greatly appre- World War 2, impressed upon my broth- It amends, revises, or corrects 682 official ciated. In fact the entire box was empty ers and me that military service is an citations of recipients of this nation's honor and not a burden in less than three hours after it arrived. or something to highest award for valor. Chairman of be shirked, as too many young people I did manage to rat hole a few of the the 9th District, N.Y., Americanism Playboys before the crowd gathered. today regard it. Committee, Friederich has recently been "The military's need for officers pro- They are prize possessions out here in appointed by the Orders & Medals So- ficient in areas of science and technology ciety of America to be associate editor the "Boondocks." . . . Our team is re- was made clear by the representative sponsible for the military assistance to of its monthly magazine. The Medal Col- from the Military Academy and made the Vietnamese Government in Quang lector. even more evident by the Naval Acad- Due Province in the southwest corner emy's representative at Boys' State. The Post 222, Clifton Heights, Mo,, gave a of II Corps Tactical Zone. . . . We are need is, to say the least, acute. I had Citation of Meritorious Service to J. A. the most remote province in Vietnam, planned to major in some engineering Baer, 2nd, left in photo, president of completely resupplied by air. . . . No field or in physics in college and I can Stix, Baer & Fuller stores. T.E. Wicks, Post Exchange facilities. . . . You might think of no better career than in the be interested to know that yours was the service of your country, working in a first gesture by any organization to boost vitally important field. the morale of the men by sending over "I also noted what the military can do a gift package. We certainly appreciate for you personally. The training one gets it. in leadership and discipline will stay with Lon E. Maggart Jr. you all your life and will be useful in Captain, Armor whatever you do. Taking all these points into consideration—especially our coun- "A Military Career Is for Me" try's need for trained leaders—I decided A young man who hopes to enter the that a career in the military would be, in U.S. Military Academy at West Point the words of John F. Kennedy, 'What I " offers his views on choosing a future. could do for my country.' Robert Sweetman, 18, of Cato, N.Y., was in Boys' State sponsored by Post 911. BRIEFLY NOTED In high school he had four years of foot- Post 222, Missouri, honors retailer. ball and wrestling, two years of track, W u. sT J MEMORIAL HIGHWAY took part in Science Club, Nat'l Honor Sr., Americanism Chmn, is shown mak- Society, Dramatics Club, and other ing the presentation. The citation recog- groups. He writes: INTERNATIONAL nized the store's Flag Day ad in St. Louis "In these days, events have shown us PEACE GARDEN and other local papers advocating dis- that apathy cannot be tolerated if our play of the flag at appropriate times. 91 Mi. country is to remain great. I had every I^H "These colors are guaranteed not to run," intention of attending a good college and CANDO 16 ROLLA 57 said the ad. More than 3,000 people re- DUNSEITH..78 THE PAS. MAN. 500 pursuing a professional career after grad- quested copies of the color ad. uation. While attending Boys' State, how- New sign, bearing the Legion insignia, near Churches Ferry, N.D., is one of ever, I suddenly realized that if everyone several being put up by International took the attitude that I had, our country Highway 281 Assoc. on route from Mex- would indeed be in trouble. ico into Canada. 281 is also known as

"Several days later, I saw a film on the The American Legion Memorial Highway. United States Military Academy. It really The Westchester and Del (Calif.) made me think about my future and my Amo branches of the Marina Federal Savings country's. I have always been interested and Loan Assoc. are now equipped to in the military but I never thought a mili- give information helpful to veterans and tary career was for me until I saw this their dependents. Information and direc- movie. Being very active, I began to won- With limited funds but unlimited spirit. tory service will be given by manuals Post Bayville, N.Y., utilized vol- der whether I would really like a job 1285, supplied by American Legion Hq. and unteer help to put up a new post home where I was tied down behind a desk for which has for year-round will outline the benefits and services pro- become a base eight hours a day. Through talks with community Child Welfare activities. vided by federal laws for vets and their my father, and earlier with my second dependents. cousin, who is a career army officer and On behalf of Railway Mail Service Post a graduate of the Military Academy. I 957 (Queens Co.), New York, N.Y., realized the opportunities for physical ac- POSTS IN ACTION Mayor John Lindsay presented a plaque tivity and travel, as well as the chance to Post 91, Monett, Mo., enlisted the co- to Robert J. DeSanctis, chairman of the serve my country, that the military of- operation of The Monett Times and put Dep't Rehabilitation Committee and di- fered. 4,300 flag decals in the newspaper (be- rector, New York City Division of Vet-

40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JU LY 1969 NEWS

erans Affairs. Inscribed on the plaque WWl, retired and Legionnaires. The Jack A. Porter, 79, of Tulsa, Okla., a was: "In recognition of his untiring ef- three women were Auxiliary members. member of the Nat'l Executive Com- forts over many years of dedicated serv- mittee in 1937-39. ice to the veterans and their families." H. Ted Petit, an Oklahoma Legionnaire, Past Dep't Adjutant (1928-29), who re- Coleman C. Curran, of Monponsett, NEW POSTS sided in Fort Huron, Mich. Mass., Past Dep't Adjutant (1938-53). The American Legion has recently Irving N. Larson, 75, a Legion employee Rev. Shelton M. Hutchison, of Charlotte, chartered the following new posts: from 1939 to 1959, who was Nat'l Pur- N.C., Past Dep't Cmdr (1958-59). Fred Moss Post 324, Selma, Ala.; chasing Agent and later the Legion's Dwight Eisenhower Post 72, Westown, Circulation Manager. Enrique N. Vela, of Ponce de Leon, Ariz.; Four Chaplains Post 357, Downey, a Puerto Rico, Past Dep't Cmdr (1955-57). Calif.; Tommy Lee Smith Post 588, Buena Vista, Ga.; Blizzard-Wolfe Post Kinichi Sakai, 75, of Kohala, Hawaii, Raymond L. Richards, of Pawtucket, 489, Burlington Township, N.J.; Mont- alternate Nat'l Executive Committeeman in 1957-61 and 1963-65. vet, R.I., Past Dep't Cmdr (1952-53). ville Memorial Post 500, Mont- A WWl he was the first in Hawaii of Japa- ville, N.J.; North Salem Post 1866, man A. Reid Mann, of Tallahassee, Fla., Past North Salem, N.Y.; Twin Buttes Post nese ancestry to receive a U.S. Army re- Dep't Adjutant (1944-51). 303, Halliday, N. Dak.; Fernrock Viet- serve commission. nam Memorial Post 939, Philadelphia, Leonard L. Jackson, of Clarks, La., Past Pa.; General Rafael Jalandoni Post 61, W. Earl Hall, 72, of Mason City, Iowa, Nat'l Executive Committeeman (1949- Roxas City, Philippines; Maria Clara Past Dep't Cmdr (1932-33). 51). Women's Post 62, Quezon City, Philip- pines; Mount Maple Post 51, Mapleton, Ralph P. Hopkins, of Hudson, Mass., Utah. who attended the Paris Caucus. OUTFIT REUNIONS Reunion will be held in month indicated. For particulars, write person whose address is Walter J. Ustruck, who held membership PEOPLE IN THE NEWS given. in the Dep't of Minnesota and attended Notices accepted on official form only. For John E. Davis, Past Nat'l Cmdr (1966- form send stamped, addressed return envelope the St. Louis Caucus. to O. R. Form, American Legion Magazine, 67) and twice governor of North Dakota, 720 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019. Notices should be received at least five months before named U.S. Director of Civil Defense. Fred M. Hudson, 73, of Pocahontas, scheduled reunion. No written letter necessary He is president of the First Nat'l Bank to get form. Iowa, who attended the St. Louis Caucus. Earliest submission favored when volume of in McClusky, N.D. requests is too great to print all. George D. Baron, of Bethany, Conn., ARMY William E. Galbraith, of Beemer, Neb., Past Dep't Cmdr (1954-55). 1st Medical Reg't (Fort Ord)— (Aug.) A. W. Immediate Past Nat'l Cmdr, appointed Gruenberg, 411 N. 7th St., Breckenridge, Minn. 56520 Deputy Under Secretary for Congres- 1st Spec Serv Force— (Aug.) John Izatt, 12908 Sam D. Forman, Jr., of Belton, Texas, 93rd St., Edmonton 31, Alberta, Canada sional Relations in the U.S. Dep't of Past Dep't Cmdr (1943-44). 5th Arm'd Div, 10th Tank Bn— (Sept.) Ted Agriculture. He has been serving as Celmer, 321 Sicily, Ravenna, Neb. 68869 10th Arm'd Div— (Sept.) Jack Garrity, 1010 Deputy Administrator Agriculture of H. Miller Ainsworth, 74, of Luling, Sunset Dr., Somerdale, N.J. 11th Arm'd Div— (Aug.) Ray Buch, P.O. Box Stabilization and Conservation Service. Texas, a member of the Nat'l Distin- 108, Pittstown, N.J. 08867 17th Inf (Fort Crook)— (Sept.) Robert Durham, guished Guests Committee and Past 7732 State St., Ralston, Neb. 68127 Robert H. Lounsberry, of McCallsburg, Nat'l Executive Committeeman (1948- 17th Inf Medic Det— (Sept.) John Klasen, 2609 Ravinia La., Woodridge, 111. P. O. Downers Iowa, Nat'l Executive Committeeman, 50). Grove 60515 appointed Deputy Secretary of Agricul- 21st Eng Lt Rwy (WWl)— (Oct.) George Whit- field, 192 Broad St., Eatontown, N.J. 07724 ture for Iowa. 34th Gen'l Hosp (Denver & Landstuhl)— ( Aug.) Joseph Santoro, 9911 Sterling La., Schiller American Legion Life Insurance Park, 111. 60176 Thomas D. Harmon, of the Legion's 52nd Eng (RTC)— (Sept.) A. J. Schill, 826 Month Ending April 30, 1969 Church La., Yeadon, Pa. 19050 Public Relations Division in Indiana- 65th Div— (Aug.) Fred Cassata, 123 Dorchester Benefits paid Jan. 1-April 30, 1969 $ 522,023 Rd., Buffalo, N.Y. 14213 polis, named Chief of Press Relations Benefits paid since April 1958 7,181,178 66th Art'y CAC (WWl)— (July) George Duval, Basic Units in force (number) 159,997 of the Washington, Box 303, Woonsocket, R.I. 02895 D.C., Nat'l Hq. Applications since New approved 70th Eng LP Co (WW2)— (Sept.) David Russell, Jan. 1, 1969 2,034 102 Pine Blvd., Lake Pine RD 2, Marlton, New Applications rejected 387 N.J. 08053 Harry K. Stinger, of Pa., Philadelphia, 85th Chem Mortar Bn— (July) William P. Vito, American Legion Life Insurance is an official a 757 Chartiers Ave., McKees Rocks, Pa. member of the Nat'l Convention Com- program of Legion, The American adopted by 87th Div (WWl & 2)— (Sept.) Gladwin Pas- mission, honored as Man of the Year the National Executive Commission, 1958. It is cuzzo, 12840 Wilfred Ave., Detroit, Mich. decreasing term insurance, issued on applica- of the Legion's Philadelphia County 48213 tion to paid-up members of The American 101st Coast Art'y AA Sep Bn— (July) Jack Wil- Legion subject to approval based on health and Council and presented with the Joseph son, 401 S. Valencia Dr., Albany, Ga. 31705 employment statement. Death benefits range 103rd QM Reg't, Co E & 728th Ord Co (WW2) from $11,500 (full unit up through age 29) in K. Schmidt Trophy. —(Aug.) Edward Mann, 353 W. 202nd St., decreasing steps with age to termination of Chicago Heights, 111. 60411 insurance at end of year in which 75th birth- 104th Div— (Aug.) Robert Kates, 8521 Benton day occurs. Quoted benefit includes 15% Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. in excess of DEATHS "bonus" contract amount. For 113th Eng (WWl)— (Sept.) Glenn McCool, 1820 calendar year 1969 the "across the board" 15% E. Sycamore St., Kokomo, Ind. 46901 increase in benefits will continue to all partici- 114th Field Sig Bn (WWl)— (Oct.) Frank Wor- pants in the group insurance plan. Available in Floyd R. Hartpence, of Xenia, Ohio, rell, P.O. Box 154, Ruston, La. 71270 half and full units at a flat rate of $12 or a $24 118th Ord (Aug.) Mitnik, 7 Richard Past Dep't Cmdr (1941-42) and alternate year Co— John on a calendar year basis, pro-rated during Way, East Haven, Conn. 06512 the first year at $1 or a month for insurance Nat'l Executive Committeeman in 1944- $2 135th Inf, Anti-Tank Co— (Sept.) Marshall approved after January 1. Underwritten by two Runnells, 8108 Clinton Ave. S., Minneapolis, 46. He died April 9 without regaining commercial life insurance companies. American Minn. 55420 Legion Insurance Trust is Fund managed by 142nd Inf, Co H (WWl)— (Oct.) Harry Boothe, consciousness following an auto accident trustee operating under the laws of Missouri. Box 365, Chillicothe, Tex. 79225 on Easter Sunday. Mrs. Hartpence died No other insurance may use the full words "American 147th Mach Gun Bn, Co B (WWl)— (Sept.) Legion." Administered by The Robert Meyers, 2410 Maxwell Ave.. immediately, as did American Legion W. two other couples in Insurance Department, P.O. Spokane, Wash. 99201 Box 5609, Chicago, Illinois the car with 60680, to which them. All three men were write for more details. (Continued on next page) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 41 1 :

NEWS

150th Inf— (Aug.) T. E. Jones. Box 387, Charles- 16th Seabees— ( Aug.) Dave Ryan, 76 Jester La., Walter Z. Fort (1968), Post 294, Pemberton, ton, W. Va. Levittown, N.Y. 11756 N.J. 151st & 175tli Field Art'y Bns (WW2)— (Sept.) 33rd Seabees— (Sept.) Vincent J. Herchen, 44 Herbert A. Pollard and Albert T. Romaine Leon Spittle. 4511 Russell Ave. N.. Minne- Enfield St., Pawtucket, R.I. 02861 and John F. Yonushewski, Jr. (all 1968), Post apolis, Minn. 55412 80th Seabees— (Sept.) Isaac McNatt, 848 St. 423, Milton, N.J. 151st Inf, Co G— (July) Hubert Olis, 530 N. Nicholas Ave., New York, N.Y. 10031 Kalman S. Huszar and Joseph Kovacs (both Union St., Hobart. Ind. 46342 82nd Seabees, 519th CBMU— (Aug.) Wm. John- 1968), Post 446, Alpha, N.J. H. George Bruhns Pietro 157th Combat Eng— (Aug.) Robert Seller, 931 son, 596 Washington St., Abington, Mass. and Camesi and Gaskill Ave.. Jeannette, Pa. 02351 Stanley Cerza and Fred Chapman (all 1968), Post 4, Oyster Bay, N.Y. 250th Coast Art'y— (Sept.) Victor Carter, 867 97th, 108th Seabees (Aug.) J. E. Patterson. — James H. Reynheer and Leon V. Sprague, Sr. Larchmont Dr., Colma, Calif. 94015 8011 N. Washburne, Portland, Ore. 97217 (both 1968), Post 15, Springfield Gardens, N.Y. 277th, 285th C Eng, 995th, 996th Treadway LSM 217— (Oct.) Karl Peterka, 15 Grant Ave., Walter Serbu (1967) and Robert L. Freemont Bridge Eng— (Aug.) Ray Buch, P.O. Box Endicott, N.Y. 13760 (1968) , Post 278, Schuyerville, N.Y. 108, Pittstown, N.J. 08867 National "yeomen F (Aug.) Mrs. Marguerite — Arthur J. Kellond (1962), Post 294, Avon, N.Y. 284th Eng (Aug.) E. L. Neil, Geiger, 924 Ave., N.J. Combat Bn— Mac Stokes Collingswood, Leslie L. Blake and Jacob Boise and Charles 08108 294 Revere St., Winthrop, Mass. 02152 B. Brasser and Earl Collier and Harold G. Stoner, P.O. 309th Eng (WWl)— (Sept.) George Patrol Sqdn 83 (VP-83)— (Sept.) R. R. Fluck, Cheetham (all 1968), Post 394, Williamson, N.Y. Box 338, Manchester, Tenn. 37355 319 Calhoun Ave., Pensacola, Fla. 32507 John Johnston and Frances Kreamer (both 351st Inf, Co I (WWl)— (Sept.) Chester Comer, USS Barbero (317, WW2)— (Sept.) Jack Curtis, 1946) and Roy B. Cronk and Charles Kreamer Bussey, Iowa 50044 R.R. #1, Old Village Rd.. Waukesha, Wis. and Charles D. Plunkett (all 1968), Post 651, 354th Inf (WWl & 2)— (Oct.) Frank Whaley, 53186 Sayville, N.Y. 205 Ruby St., Paris, Mo. 65275 USS Grouper (SS214)— ( Aug.) Matthew Kol- John M. Hill and Elbert K. Maloney (both 361st Eng (SS) Reg't— (Oct.) John Zirafi, 92 pak, 3510 N. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, 111. 60657 1968), Post 731, Schaghticoke, N.Y. Morris Ave., Girard, Ohio 44420 Justus Rose (1968) and Edward Broderick 389th (Aug.) 206 AAA Bn— Marshall Deadmon, AIR (1969) , Post 980, Queens Village, N.Y. N. Beaver St., Landis, N.C. 28088 Herman Kammen (1968), 1112, 3rd, 521st Air Service Ops— (Aug.) Walter Post New 415th Motor Supply Train, 453rd Motor Truck York, N.Y. Baker, 216 Arthur St., Zelienople, Pa. 16063 Co (WWl)— (Sept.) Leo Slayton, 2109 W. 50th Charles H. Hempstead and Charles Weber 11th Weather Sqdn (Aug.) Albert Terr., Shawnee Mission, Kans. 66205 (WW2)— (both 1968), Post 1332, Brooklyn, N.Y. Drasser, 56 Doris Ave., Franklin Square, N.Y. 516th Field Art'y Bn (WW2)— (Oct.) Edward Bert Kimball and Clayon Kimball and Jerry 13th Air Depot (Sept.) Carl Herbig, 521 Renna. 2205 E. 73rd St., Brooklyn, N.Y. 11234 Gp— Rhodes (all 1968), Post 1612, Big Flats, N.Y. Atlanta, 558th AAA AW Bn— (Sept.) Joseph Crosby, 465 Western Urion Bldg., Ga. 30303 Lewis Fox (1968), Post 1794, Lee Center, N.Y. Salem Dr.. Pittsburgh, Pa. 15243 35th & 801st Aero Sqdns ( WWl )—( Sept.) Ben- L. W. Belzer and Charles A. Drake and E. W. 602nd, 705th, 811th TO; 174th, 745th, 775th, jamin Snider, 105 Crystal Park Rd., Manitou Fors and Lloyd C. McQuay (all 1969), Post 32, 802nd, 945th, 974th FA Bns— (Aug.) Ray Springs, Colo. 80829 Drake, N. Dak. Buch, P.O. Box 108, Pittstown, N.J. 08867 65th & 91st Serv Gps— (Aug.) Vernon Cizek, Samuel G. Beattie and Lester W. Peerbower 673rd Eng Topog Co— (Aug.) Jack Shepherd, Germania, Pa. 16922 and Clarence Z. Heisler and Donald W. Maugel 120 Dellrose Dr., Nashville, Tenn. 37214 226th Aero Sqdn (WWl)— (Sept.) W. J. Malone, and Howard S. Stuckman (all 1968), Post 137, 713th, 778th Tank Bns, 161st Smoke Gen Comp, Rt. 2 Box 96, Berthoud, Colo. 80513 Farmer, Ohio. 381st, 659th Truck Cos— (Aug.) Ray Buch, 324th Serv Sqdn— (Sept.) Hilmer Nelson, 5215 Harry O. Raehrs and Paul E. Sandwisch (both P.O. Box 108, Pittstown, N.J. 08867 11th Ave., Moline, 111. 61265 1968), Post 455, Woodville, Ohio. 719th RO Bn— (Sept.) Rodney Runsteen, 12620 367th Ftr Gp, 392nd, 393rd, 394th Sqdns— (Oct.) Frank J. Godfrey and Frank W. Groves and W. Dodge Rd., Omaha, Nebr. 68154 J. T. Curtis, 1713 Marsalis Dr., Abilene, Tex. George Harden and Dr. N. E. Irvine and C. M. 743rd Tank Bn— (Aug.) Karl Mory. 5616 Elliot Iverson (all 1969), Post 51. Lebanon, Ore. Ave. S., Minneapolis, Minn. 55417 Edgar Downing and Carlton J. Eshleman and 751st Tank Bn, M— (Sept.) Charles Gwinn, 1926 LIFE MEMBERSHIPS Paul S. Espenshade and Francis Gatchel and Thornapple Ave., Akron, Ohio 44301 Homer N. Gebhard (all 1969), Post 64, Coates- 758th Eng Parts Supply Co— (Aug.) Robert The award of a life membership to a Legion- ville. Pa. Kracht. 84 George St., Hamburg, N.Y, 14075 naire by his Post is a testimonial by those who Leo A. Tremblay (1968), Post 75, Central 803rd Chem Co— (Sept.) Robert Lloyd, 316 know him best that he has served The Ameri- Falls, R.I. Columbia Ave., Elyria, Ohio 44035 can Legion well. Mark J. Johnson and Rex C. Repass and 817th Eng Avn Bn (WW2)— (Sept.) Dr. H. W. Below are listed some of the previously un- Leo W. Schnee (all 1968), Post 164, Spearfish, Richards, 29 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, published life membership Post awards that S. Dak. Mass. 02116 have been reported to the editors. They are James Toy Hayes (1967), Post 122, Smithville, 861st Eng, Co C— (Aug.) Jacob Burg, 67 arranged by States or Departments. Tenn. Countess Ave., Buffalo, N.Y. 14211 Vernon A. Borst (1968), Post 149, Dinwiddle, 993rd Treadway Bridge Co— (Aug.) Geo. Ham- Claud L. Thomas and D. C. Thurston and Va. Joe H. Sacco (1969), Post 30, Port Orchard, ilton, R 3, Box 260 Hideaway, Galen, Mo. M. J. Tyan and Charles N. Wallis (all 1967), 1256th Combat Eng Bn— (Aug.) James Conrad, Post 1, Phoenix, Ariz. Wash. Millard Folson 6212 Mayfair Rd., Fort Wayne, Ind. 46806 W. Avery Miller and Frank T. Stump and Theodore A. Boalch and and Casper Halverson (all Base Hosp 19— (Oct.) George Taylor, 121 Glen- Charley S. Walbridge (all 1968), Post 524, Los C. Beadon Hall and 1968), briar Dr., Rochester. N.Y. 14616 Angeles, Calif. Post 79, Snoqualmie, Wash. Grosskopf and Morris Johnson and Blinded Veterans (Aug.) Warwick Hotel, 17th Wayne L. Abbey and Leslie L. Kunkel and John G. — Arthur Kuester (all 1968), Post 202, Chaseburg, & Locust Sts., Philadelphia 3, Pa. Elton G. Oltjenbruns and Charles D. Reimer (all 1969), Post 90, Holyoke, Colo. Wis. Miedema and Lynn Olson and Alfred NAVY Howard Young (1964) and Walter Zuraski Mike (1968), Post 83, Branford, Conn. Ruud and Harry Svveen (all 1968), Post 284, 4th Marine Amphib Tractor Bn— (Aug.) Cole- G. Danny Beck and Frank Hurt, Jr. (both Holmen, Wis. men Medintz, 573 Peachtree, N.E., Atlanta, 1968) , Post 7, Clearwater, Fla. are accepted Ga. 30308 David Blakeney (1968), Post 29, Miami, Fla. Life Memberships for publica- tion only official form, provide. John J. Flynt (1968), Post 15, Griffin, Ga. on an which we THE AMERICAN LEGION John B. Welden (1963) and Charles W. Reports received only from Commander, Ad- jutant or Finance Officer of Post which awarded N\TIONAL HEADQUARTERS Kuehnle (1967), Post 140, Atlanta, Ga. John Coyle and Clarence Spencer (both 1968), the life membership. April .-iO, 1969 They get form sending stamped, self- Post 45, Galva, 111. may by ASSETS Ben Smitley and Clem Smitley and John addressed return envelope to "L.M. Form, American Legion Magazine, 720 Casli on hand and on Deposit S 2.474,756.11 Travis and Issac Turner (all 1968), Post 477, 10019. Receivable 204,669.26 Chrisman, 111. 5th Ave., New York, N.Y." Inventories 512,534.39 Urban Widman (1963) and James Brozek and On a corner of the return envelope write the of to report. Invested Funds 3,597,237.61 Albert Clifton (both 1964) and Matthew O'Leary number names you wish No written letter necessary to get forms. Trust Funds : and Albert Vohl (both 1968), Post 691, Mid- Overseas Graves Decoration lothian, 111. Trust Fund 300,429.08 Eric Johnson and Sam R. Jones and C. Gun- Employees Retirement nar Larson (all 1968), Post 864, Rockford, 111. COMRADES IN DISTRESS Trust Fund .4,386,610.74 4.687,039.82 Michael J. Meade and John Salvestrini (both Readers who can help these veterans are Real Estate 821,521,81 1969) . Post 949. Chicago, 111. urged to do so. Usually a statement is needed Furniture & Fixtures, Less Depreciation William J. Maloney and Milo A. Miles and 323,194.19 in support of a claim. Deferred John K. Pollard (all 1969), Post 28, Northamp- VA Charges 115,549.60 of ton, Mass. Notices are run only at the request Ameri- $12^736,503.15 Officers representing Walter J. Appleton and Robert S. Baylies and can Legion Service LIABILITIES, claimants, using approved available only DEFERRED REVENUE Kenneth M. Colgate and J. Elwin Colprit (all forms Officers. & NET WORTH 1968), Post 97, Winchester, Mass. from State Legion Service Current Liabilities S 699.231.91 Arthur O. Babine and Joseph A. Cataloni and Funds Restricted as Inf, France, to use 227,923.7,'! Rudolph J. Koukol and Chester E. Moore (all 526th Arm'd Co B, near Cherbourg, Deferred Income 1 989 784 95 1968), Post 198, Mansfield, Mass. July 1944—Statement needed from buddies Trust Funds: Edward J. Dundon and George E. McGowan of Leonard Richardson who recall his rein- Overseas Graves Decoration and David W. Rahm (all 1969), Post 50, Iron juring his back in a fall off a truck. Hos- Trust Fund 300,429.08 Mountain, Mich. pitalized at Cherbourg. Information needed Emidoyees Retirement Charles Ratzlaif and Charles Reinke and from Miles. O'Brien, McCaffey, DeForge. Trust Fund 4..386,610.7 4,687,039.82 Frank Schleh and Lloyd Sieckert (all 1965), Ervine, etc. Write to: "CD4, American Legion Net Worth: Post 65, Rosemount, Minn. Magazine, 720 5th Ave.. New York, N.Y. Reserve Fund 650,553.31 Charles Rolando, Sr. (1963) and Robert Genac 10019." Restricted Fund 1,465.211.62 (1965) and John Gannon and Joe Sonaglia Camp Pendleton, Calif., Marines, 1st Pioneer Real Estate 821,521.81 (both 1968), Post 222, Hibbing. Minn. Bn, Spt Co, 1 Oct. 1962—Information is Reserve for Rehabilitation .320,929.59 Russell Miller and William Moravek and Earl needed by Russell T. Jefts from anyone who Reserve for Cliild Welfare 114,461.91 Price and LeRoy Reynolds and E. A. Schmitt knows of his injuring his back in football Reserve for Convention.... 60,000.00 (all 1967), Post 9, Hemingford, Neb. practice and/or while lifting at Equipment Reserve for Publication.... 39,513.78 Michael Doto and Alexander Freda and Lot. From Capt. Huntzinger, Socia, Ayling, 3,472.192.02 Carmen Grasso and Carmen Greco and Philip Soblotny, lieutenant in charge of football Ferria, Desasio, Unrestricted Ca|)ital 1.660,330.72 5,132.522.74 Insabella (all 1967), Post 191, Newark, N.J. season (1962), Cpl Fazzo, Cpl etc. Write to: "CD5, American Legion Maga- $12,736,503.15 Roy Hammond (1967), Post 212, Cranford, N.J. zine, 720 5th Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019." 42 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 THE STORY OF ETHAN ALLEN—VERMONT'S WILD GIANT boys and youngsters ... if nothing is (Continued from page 15) done by the state soon, we shall be com- pelled to submit ourselves to the juris- While he was in prison, the Grants was read and reread throughout the col- ." diction of Vermont. . . had declared themselves the "free and onies. in cheek, noted in a independent Republic of Vermont." But But now, the independent Republic of Tongue Ethan political broadside that, "For New York it was a paper state that New York Vermont was in serious trouble. New and Hampshire to stand griping planned to gobble up at the war's end. York was preparing an invasion, and New Colonel Allen took charge, lobbying with both Massachusetts and New Hampshire their respective claims fast hold on Ver- mont and at the same time such a Congress, sitting in the Vermont legisla- were claiming Vermont lands. Worse, make hidious outcry against the gripe of Ver- ture and writing propaganda. He must a 10,000-man British army was threaten- is altogether romantic have been mixing a fair amount of rum ing to invade from the north. mont upon them laughable." with his ink, for one night his wife Resorting to diplomacy, Ethan noti- and prompted friends to frighten him into fied Congress that, if she wished, Ver- Now, with one-third of New York and sobriety. Wrapping themselves in white mont could make a separate peace with 16 towns in New Hampshire seeking an- sheets, they waited for him under a Britain. To his surprise, British agents nexation to Vermont, and Vermont bridge. As he rode home from the Cata- arrived the next day to negotiate. seemingly about to annex itself to Can- mount, he suddenly found his way "I'll have no part in a damned Arnold ada, a worried General Washington sent blocked by a platoon of ghosts. plan to sell my country and honor," he word that if Vermont would agree to "Hallo!" he shouted. "If you're angels snorted. leave her two neighbors' property intact, of light, I'm glad to meet you. And if she could become a state. The jubilant you're devils, then come along home NEVERTHELESS, if the colonics won. Vermonters prepared to elect represen- with me. I married your sister." Vermont would be devoured by its tatives to Congress. But Congress turned In his spare time, he wrote a book neighbors unless it was a state. And frosty. Southern states feared a New titled, at some length: "A Narrative of Congress refused to accept it. Ethan con- England monopoly and New York was Colonel Allen's Captivity, Containing tinued his tricky diplomatic game, leak- still land hungry. His Voyages and Travels. With the most ing the news that Vermont was consider- Disgusted at last, Ethan Allen gave remarkable Occurrences respecting him ing a merger with Canada. Meanwhile, up on the United States of America. Ver- and many other Continental Prisoners he kept the British on the hook and their mont would remain an independent re- of different Ranks and Characters. Inter- army at bay. public. spersed with some Political Observa- He also took the offensive, stirring up "I am resolutely determined," he tions. Written by himself, and now pub- rebellion in northeastern New York so wrote Congress, "to defend the inde- lished for the Information of the Curious successfully that one man wrote Gov- pendence of Vermont as Congress are of all Nations. Price Ten Paper Dollars." ernor Clinton: "Nothing but Yorkers that of the United States, and rather than The best seller of its day, the Narrative and Vermonters is talked of, even by (Continued on page 44)

Amount of Insurance Official Important MAIL TO: American Legion Determined by Age At Death If you reside in New York, AMERICAN LEGION Life Insurance Basic Total Coverage Age Full Unit During 1969 North Carolina, Ohio, Texas, LIFE INSURANCE PLAN, As a Legionnaire, you can protect your fam- Under 30 $10,000 $11,500.00 Wisconsin, Illinois, New P.O. BOX 5609, ily's well-being for as little as 70 a day with 30-34 8,000 9,200.00 Jersey or Puerto Rico, do CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Official American Legion Life Insurance. Just 35-44 4,500 5,175.00 mail this enrollment card with your check for not use this form. Instead, 60680 45-54 2,200 2,530.00 $10 for a full unit of protection for the rest of write to the address 55-59 1.200 1,380.00 shown. 1 969 (beginning August 1 ). That comes to only 60-64 800 920.00 (Applications and benefits OFFICIAL $2 a month! Normally no medical is required. AMERICAN 65-69 500 575.00 vary slightly in some areas.) If you are not accepted, your $10 will be LEGION 70-74* 330 379.50 promptly refunded. No persons age 70 or over LIFE 'Insurance terminates on ttie 1st day of (including INSURANCE those desiring a second half unit) January coinciding with or next PLAN will be accepted for new insurance. following your 75tfi birthday.

ENROLLMENT CARD for YEARLY RENEWABLE TERM LIFE INSURANCE for MEMBERS of THE AMERICAN LEGION PLEASE TYPE OR PRINT-ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS-CHECK MUST ACCOt^PANY THIS ENROLLMENT CARD Full Name Birth Date Last First Middle Mo Day Year Permanent Residence. street No. City state Name of Beneficiary I .Relationship. Example; Print "Helen Louise Jones," Not "Mrs. H. L. Jones"

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I apply for a Full Unit of insurance at Annual Premium of $24.00 or a Half Unit at $12.00 The following representations shall form a basis for the Insurance Company's approval or rejection of this enrollment card:

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plete. I agree that this enrollment card shall be a part of any insurance granted upon it under the policy. I authorize any physician or other person who has attended or examined me, or who may attend or examine me, to disclose or to testify to any

I knowledge thus acquired.

Dated ., 19 __Signature of Applicant j GMA-300-16 469 769 [ J THE AMERICAN LEGION l\/IAGAZINE • JULY 1969 43 THE STORY OF ETHAN ALLEN—VERMONT'S WILD GIANT It was fun, but Ethan was getting (Continued from page 43) tired. He even turned down an offer from Daniel Shays to lead a revolt that fail, will retire with hardy Green Moun- 9, 1784, the devil stomped into her par- would make him "King of Massachu- tain Boys into the desolate caverns of lor and said, "Fanny, if we are to be mar- setts." Some said he had never recovered the mountains and wage war with human ried, now is the time, for I am on my from his maltreatment in British prisons. nature at large." way to Sunderland." Others, that his blood was diluted with His mind made up, he turned to a life- "Very well," she answered, "but give rum. At any rate, in 1789, aged 51, he long passion—theology. Perhaps he was me time to put on my coat." gathered up Fanny and his four children prompted by his wife's death from tu- Soon after the wedding, Ethan rode and moved to a large farm in northern berculosis. At any rate, he began to to Pennsylvania where settlers wanted Vermont, anticipating a quiet life of ag- write: "Reason, the only Oracle of Man, him to lead a revolt against the state. riculture. or a Compenduous System of Natural He had an enjoyable time organizing But the winter of '89 was harsh. Crops Religion. Alternately ADORNED with troops and writing propaganda, but the failed and food was scarce in the Allen Confutations of a variety of DOC- affair ended peacefully. household. On February 11, he set out TRINES incompatible to it; Deduced Now his Oracle was finally published, in a sleigh with a hired man to collect from the most exalted Ideas which we and a howl of pious outrage followed a load of hay at a nearby farm. A crowd are able to form of the Divine and Hu- it across the country. Arguing that God of old Green Mountain Boys gathered man Characters, and from the Universe is so far beyond human understanding there to discuss past battles and, inevita- in General." that it is absurd to describe Him, the bly, the rum bottle made the rounds. For Neighbors avoided his house while this book rejected as superstition the Trinity, the first time in his life Ethan Allen had "Devilish enterprise" was under way. salvation by faith, the idea of a devil to be put to bed. They reported shouts that sounded like and most of organized religion. As the "fearful infidelity" and angry arguments first American book to attack orthodox SUNUP, he was yelling for his man between Colonel Allen and his Harvard- beliefs, the Oracle earned its author an AT and his sleigh. Then, in sub-zero educated secretary. When cows failed to enjoyable infamy. weather, shouting good-by to his bleary- "I expect," he wrote to a friend, "that give milk, or rains spoiled the hay, it eyed friends, he headed for home. But v/as heavenly retribution for Ethan's the clergy, their devotees, will proclaim when the sleigh arrived at his door, Ethan war with me, in the of the Lord, heresy. Prayers went up when the fin- name was paralyzed, almost dead. Fanny, real- his battles they affect to fight, having ished work finally in his saddlebags was izing there was no hope, committed high put on the armour of Faith, the sword and he on his way to the printers. treason: she called in a parson. of the Spirit, and the Artillery of Hell "General Allen," said the minister Fire. But I am a hardy Mountaineer, AFTER READING the Oracle, the the angels BUT and have been accustomed to the dan- soothingly, "General Allen, printer turned up his eyes and re- gers and horrors of War, and captivity, are waiting for you." fused to touch the thing. The author's and scorn to be intimidated by threats. The eyes in the tired, weathered face curses, pleas and shouts were interrupted If they fright me, they must absolutely suddenly flashed at the startled clergy- by news of an emergency. Quickly, he produce some of their tremendous fire man. rode north to the town of Guilford, Vt., and give me a sensitive scorching." "Waiting, are they," he roared. "Wait- rallying the Boys with his old cry: Well, 'em, let The "Artillery of Hell Fire" was ing, are they? God damn "We're going on a big wolf hunt." 'em wait." quickly drawn up: countless tracts, A New Yorker settlement, Guilford died, pamphlets and editorials damned him, Then he closed his eyes and and was in arms against Vermont, aided and while angry sermons preached from one many were sure his final blasphemy supplied by Gov. Clinton of New York. end of the country to the other branded sealed his doom. If the revolt succeeded, the republic of Ethan Allen a profane, blasphemous and The Green Mountain people Vermont would splinter. Some of the mourned. But there was also thanksgiv- evil man, who drank rum, even on the Boys suggested a massacre, but Ethan ing that he'd gone. Sabbath, and denied God on all occa- snorted, "That's a mighty savage way certain Rev. Nathan Perkins wrote sions. One minister sent up a prayer to A to enforce a government." Instead, he in his diary: God for "a great wind to blow this Allen strode boldly into the village square and, "Arrived at Onion-river falls passed into Turkey or some other heathen land." & in a loud voice, unleashed his oratory. Ethan Allen's grave. awful infidel, The book made President Ezra Stiles of by An "I, Ethan Allen," he roared, "do de- one of the wickedest men that ever Yale College physically ill, and he called clare that I will give no quarter to the this globe. I stopped and Ethan a "Horned Devil." Many drew walked guilty man, woman, or child who shall oppose grave with a pious horror." the obvious conclusion when lightning looked at his me, and unless the inhabitants of Guil- struck the shop where the Oracle was President Ezra Stiles of Yale added ford peacefully submit to the authority benediction: in Vermont the printed and burned it to the ground. his "Died of Vermont, I swear that I will lay it as profane and impious Deist, General desolate as Sodom and Gomorrah, by Ethan Allen, Author of the Oracles of God!" Reason, a Book replete with scurrilous That announcement, indexed under Reflexions on Revelation. 'And in Hell '* his name in the early history books as he lift up his Eyes being in torment.' "his terrible proclamation," did the trick. Ethan had often said that if reincarna- Guilford never caused trouble again. tion was a fact, he wanted to return as A few days later, a Westminster tav- a white stallion, stamping and snorting ern keeper said to a beautiful young in the Green Mountains. In later years, widow named Fanny Buchanan, "Fanny, Vermonters claimed to have seen just if you marry General Allen you will be such a wild horse. Perhaps, then, Ethan queen of a new state." Allen is aware that on March 4, 1791,

"Yes," she replied tartly, "and if I Congress finally accepted Vermont as married the Devil I would be queen of the 14th state, protecting it forever from hell." the encroachments of New York. Nevertheless, the next day, February THE END

44 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 .

PERSONAL

TAX POINTERS ON "POINTS" BIAS-BELTED TIRES GAINING CURRENT BUDGET BENCH MARKS

Since mortgage money became tight and expensive about a year ago, General Electric home buyers often have to pay "points." That is, they make a special one- time payment—which, in eflfect, raises the interest rate—in order to get Offers . . a loan. Question: Can you deduct "points" on your federal income tax the way an opportunity for investors you can deduct other interest payments? Answer: yes and no. The Internal Revenue Service now says: with idle capital in the profit- • Yes, points are deductible if they are true interest—that is, compensa- able coin-operated laundry tion solely for the use of money. field. Your background may • No, they are not deductible if they were paid for "services." To disentangle these highly technical distinctions, you better check with qualify you even if you do not IRS—or someone who knows its ways. If you paid points in recent years, have prior experience. Write think they deductible, file return. and belatedly were you can an amended for new booklet with more de-

All tiremakers and auto companies agree that bias -belted tires are going tails, General Electric Co., to become the No. 1 auto tire just as fast as Akron can crank them out. Dept. 204, Box 1515, Louis- Goodyear, pioneer in this field, sees the following timetable: This year, ville, Ky. 40201 33% of all tire shipments will be bias-belted; next year, 50%; in 1972, 65% and in 1975, about 97%. Six years hence, today's standard tire (called the bias ply) will have zero production. The only other tire made then will be the radial, which Goodyear thinks won't get much over a 3% market share. Remember these basic points in the welter of tire terminology: FALSE TEETH • A bias-belted tire consists of cords (usually polyester) crossing each Chewing EfRciency other at a 45-degree angle to the road, topped by a belt of fiber glass. The Increased up to 35% cost is about 25% more than conventional tires, but the bias-belted tire has Tests prove you can now chew better—make a 40% to 100% longer life. dentures average up to 35% more effective—If you Just sprinkle little FASTEETH on your • In a radial, the cords run at right angles to the road. In the United a plates. FASTEETH Powder is alkaline. It holds States, though, this highly durable and expensive tire usually appeals only false teeth firmer, more comfortably. No gum- my, gooey, pasty taste. Doesn't sour. Helps to the sport and specialty trade. check dental plate odor. Dentures that fit are health. your dentist regu- Tip: Don't mix radial and bias-belted tires on the same car. essential to See larly. Get FAS'l'EETH at all drug counters.

Because so many people want to know what it costs to live decently in this age of inflation and high mobility, the Bureau of Labor Statistics has come up with some bench marks. SEE INSIDE BACK COVER They're based on a hypothetical family of four in which the husband (38 Mail this No-Risk Guarantee years old) is employed full time, the wife doesn't work, and the youngsters Coupon today! are a 13-year-old boy and an eight-year-old girl. Their living costs (in- cluding life insurance, social security payments and taxes) will average: • Low budget: Somewhat over $6,200, with $5,150 spent on direct con- MAIN AISLE, INC. sumption—food, housing, transportation, clothing, medical care, etc. 306 Hempstead Ave.. Malverne. N.Y. 11565 • Moderate budget: A bit over $9,500, of which $7,600 goes for consumable Dept. AL-7 goods and services. Gentlemen: Please send me the following: • High budget: Upwards of $13,600, of which $10,500 is spent on con- sumables. EXECUTIVE 2 SUITER at $19.95 plus $1.00 each for P.P. and handling. Geographically, living costs at all budget levels are lowest in the South,

....Olive Brown .. .Satin Black particularly in the smaller cities. For people on a low budget, the roughest area is the West, notably San Francisco. For those on moderate and high DELUXE SECURITY VERSION at $24.95 budgets, the Northeast is worst (New York tops them all). plus each P.P. and handling. Usually, the low-budget class lives in rental housing (no air-condition- $1.00 ....Olive Brown ... Satin Black ing), performs many services for itself and depends on free recreation fa- cilities. At the other end of the scale, of course, the reverse is true.

I understand that if I am not completely

Timely item worth keeping in mind: satisfied I may return for a full refund. I MEDICINE: A trickle of the new rubella (German measles) vaccine is enclose payment of $ about to begin—hopefully before another epidemic, estimated to strike in the next year or two, can take a toll. Presently, the idea is to give mass Name innoculations to youngsters in schools across the nation—not because they suffer much from the disease, but because they often infect their mothers Address who, in turn, infect unborn children, causing death or malformation. —By Edgar A. Grunwald City State Zip.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 45 ARE YOU INVITING BURGLARS? ^^^^^^^^^^ (Continued from page 20) ^^^^^^^^^^^ pens that the same number turns up police on delinquency problems, both in ^^^^^^^^^^^ twice in succession, the driver patrols the preventing crime and rehabilitating area all over again. criminals. This "Random Patrol Game Matrix," There are many ways, some of them

as Bennett calls it, makes it impossible indirect, by which citizens can help for burglars to chart the pattern of police prevent crime. Nearly every community patrols. In other methods, it has been today needs volunteers to improve youth 1EII5 found that no matter how much patrol- programs already in operation or to start men try to vary their routes, most of new ones. T them unconsciously fall into routines that can be anticipated. But under the roulette MORE THAN HALF of those arrested for system it could be done only if someone burglary are younger than 18. Po- broke into police headquarters and fixed licemen, probation officers, judges and the wheels. During the first year of the others who deal with juvenile burglars lars. Wherever the narcotics problem ex- burglars actually "game" in Edina, two testify that many of them—some say a ists, many addicts inevitably turn to burg- In were caught in the act of ransacking. majority—break into houses for "kicks" lary to support their habits, especially if this period of time, burglaries dropped or because they are bored or angry. Often they are on heroin. They are not usually 37%. it is found that the recreation open to very skillful but they are persistent and these youngsters is limited. So they get often needlessly destructive. Any pro- CONCERNED public and a good their fun or vent their rage by breaking A gram that deters youngsters from getting police force usually go hand in into a home. started on drug addiction will reduce hand. In Chicago, Wilson was appointed Delinquency has been reduced in crime. only after enough citizens had been neighborhoods where teen-agers have Prevention, of course, is the ideal. But aroused, individually and in groups, to been provided with opportunities to stage rehabilitation is just as important, and impress city hall. Edina police think their own dances, run their own sports The here too the interested individual can one reason they have kept their burglary grounds, play their own music or meet play a valuable role. The nearly 200,000 rate (and crime rate generally) to about for just talking. Usually a few adults take persons who will be arrested for burglary half the national average is that they have the lead and nearly always the young- this year will be balanced by an equal the active support of local residents. sters welcome some sort of adult assist- number released from correctional in- Many inhabitants keep themselves in- ance, although not control or supervision. stitutions. Virtually all of these offenders formed through clubs about the work of Regardless of the size of the city, oppor- will return to the same environment and the force, so they are inclined to rally tunities for helping in these ways are influences that led them into crime in round at budget time when money for open to almost everyone. the first place. This is why the number special training or new equipment is Any program that reduces drug addic- of "repeaters" is so large. voted. PTAs and schools work with the tion also cuts down the number of burg- LOCAL PROGRAMS that help youths on J probation overcome these influences seldom can enlist enough adults willing to work with kids who have criminal rec- ords. Yet these programs can reduce the burglary rate through the "big brother" technique—finding foster homes, supple- menting the efforts of probation officers, teaching trades or helping teen-agers complete their schooling. Their value has been proved, and usually the local juve- nile or family court can tell interested inquirers about these programs. Both "burglarproofing" and preven- tion have acquired a greater urgency in the last few fears. In the past burglars nearly always took their booty and faded

away or, if interrupted, fled the scene. Now, more and more of them vandalize

as well as loot. If caught at it they stand their ground and strike out with gun or

knife, club or fist. In hundreds of inter-

views I have had with law enforcement

people. I have heard this lament over and over again: "Burglars get meaner and meaner all the time." So many people have been injured that police departments advise anyone, no matter how robust or well-armed, to be the one who runs. Don't try to be a hero, the police say, but slip away unobserved if you can and notify the authorities. THE END

46 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 the car's engine block until hot. Remove and make sandwiches as usual. Works for LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS the gravy, too.

PICKING UP night crawlers is easy if Choosing An Outboard you carry some fine corn meal in a small plastic bag, writes W. C. Wilhite of Carlin- ville, 111. It's not to bait the worms, either.

Dip your fingers in it before you grab and THHRE ARE SEVERAL factoFs to be consid- 6-volt storage batteries and generally weigh you will be able to hold the crawler so it ered in selecting an outboard motor. under 15 lbs. Many will operate for several Originally, such a motor was used exclu- hours and are legal in most lakes and reser- can't slip free. sively for fishing. It was lightweight enough voirs where other types of motors are not WHEN CAMPING, soak some strips of to be portable, and its low horsepower was permitted. blotting paper in insect repellent and fasten sufficient. It was used on whatever boat If you have any doubt as to which motor them around the legs of chairs, tables and happened to be handy, usually a rented one. is suitable for your boat and purpose, check cots, suggests Anne Dirkman of Calumet, Today, most enthusiasts own their own with your outboard dealer. Then you can be Mich. They will keep ants and other crawl- boats, and motors come in power-house sure. But once you've decided to buy a mo- ing insects from climbing them. sizes for water-skiing, racing, houseboating tor, don't expect to get it immediately. You and other water sports. And with them has may have to wait a while. At this writing, to charcoal fires so grown the danger of overpowering a small some manufacturers are unable to keep up CAMPERS, dampen flames dripping fat won't burn your boat. with demand. from steak or hamburgers too much, spray First, what are you going to use the mo- lightly with water. And the ideal instru- tor for? If its purpose is fishing in a small TENT CAMPERS who have trouble keep- ment for doing this is a toy water pistol, boat, and neither speed nor the boat's load ing track of small items at their campsite says Harry Miller of Sarasota, Fla. capacity are important, then the low-horse- might try a shoe holder, the kind with many power motor still is sufficient. Next, do you pockets, suggests G. C. Chizum of Minne- TRANSISTOR RADIO, pocket size, is need a motor that's really portable, that apolis, Minn. It can be hung from a tree A handy for anyone in the woods where sky you can store in your car trunk, carry to or tent pole, and then transferred to a coat hanger for the trip home. visibility is limited, advises David Barrera a boat, clamp it on and go? Then its weight of Corpus Christi, Texas. Its static will tell is limited, and this limits its horsepower you when a storm is on the way. And if to about 18 to be practically portable. COOKING WITH FLARE, The Pyro- you know the location of the local radio Third, for water-skiing, or pushing a large nianiac's Cookbook by John Roister, pub- station, you can use the radio as a simple cruiser or houseboat, you need the neces- lished by Doubleday and Co., New York direction finder by turning it until the re- sary power and a large enough motor to City, presents all kinds of flaming recipes for the adventurous sportsman: game ception is weakest. supply it. But, you're also limited by the dishes, blazing incendiary boat's horsepower capacity. Each boat has barbecues, cock- BEFORE STORING your sleeping bag or a safe maximum horsepower. This value tails and fiery desserts. A good gift item. small tent, place a bar of your favorite usually is stamped on a metal plate attached A FILTER from an unsmoked cigarette scented soap in it, then roll or fold as usual, to its transom. It represents the maximum resembles a grub, and no hungry trout or advises W. R. Keough of Morristown, horsepower for safe operation; // mustn't panfish will it reports Minn. This will replace the musty odor with he exceeded. Of course, on the other hand turn down, Bob Snabb, Jr., of its a pleasant one. And when the outfit is you don't need maximum horsepower, Ahmeek, Mich. Remove outer cover puff it tie it opened, the soap can be used for washing. either. and up, then on your hook with some thread. In general, motors of 4 hp. or less are FOR CHUMMING saltwater fish as well for small fishing boats and canoes. They YOU CAN HAVE hot sandwiches on your as freshwater cats, Martin Olner of Mt. weigh from 15 to 35 lbs., have manual auto trip, suggests Mrs. Don Curry of Corn- Angel, Ore., uses an old nylon stocking. He starting and no gearshift. Larger fishing ing, Iowa. Wrap the roast beef or ham in places the chum in it, then lowers it on a boats (16 ft.), sailboats and square-stern aluminum foil, then set the packages on line to the desired depth. The chum easily canoes can take 4 to 7.5-hp. motors which sifts through the nylon netting. weigh between 40 and 55 lbs., have reverse gears, manual starting and separate fuel INSURANCE for sportsmen is being of- tanks. Larger runabouts for light water- fered by State Farm. It's a Go Policy that skiing can take 7.5 to 18-hp. motors having provides from $5,000 to $50,000 for acci- gearshifts and remote fuel tanks, some with dental death, dismemberment or loss of electric starting. Weights range up to 75 sight; from $500 to $5,000 for medical ex- lbs. All of these motors can be classified penses; and from $500 to $5,000 for loss as truly portable. They're relatively easy of baggage. Policies can be for one day for one man to carry and install. But above up to six months. Example: a three-day this category are the heavyweights. Their policy providing $25,000 for accidental installation must be semi-permanent. They death, $2,500 for medical and $500 for bag- stay in place until removed for storage or gage costs only about $5.15. maintenance. The 15 to 30-hp. motors, weighing from WHEN PACKING meats to be frozen, 100 to 130 lbs., are suited to large fishing sandwiches and other foods in plastic bags, boats, multiple water-skiing and middle- before sealing lower the filled bag into class runabouts. Usually they have electric water until only the open top remains ex- starting, as do all motors of higher horse- posed, writes J. C. Davis of Lane, Okla- power. The 30 to 50-hp motors, weighing homa. Then seal the bag while its lower from 1 15 to 155 lbs., can power houseboats part is still in the water. Water pressure and small cruisers. They're favorites for JO will effectively force all air from the bag, tandem (two-motor) installations. Over 50 guarding against staleness and spoilage. hp., the outboards weigh up to 270 lbs., not exactly something you can carry by a han- If you have a helpful idea for this feature dle. These are for really large cruisers. send it in. If we can use it we'll pay you Fishermen will be particularly interested 6U $5.00. However, we cannot acknowledge, re- J. - in the battery-operated silent-running elec- srtiN turn, or enter into correspondence concern- ing contributions. Address: Outdoor Editor, tric motors which are used for trolling and The American Legion Magazine, 720 Fifth short runs. These operate THE AMEFilCAN LEGION MAGAZINE from 12- volt or Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 47 WHAT ARE YOU LAUGHING AT? take his time getting to the laugh line. (Continued from page 26) But in these days of television laugh tracks, comedians don't worry about This insecurity that comedians have This infuriated me. And I did some- whether the audience is going to laugh about humor is especially evidenced thing I never did before, being a rather or not. Which brings us to the Laugh when a writer will give a comedian a shy and hesitant fellow. Machine now employed by all comedy story to tell that has a long lead-in to "Don't tell me I don't speak dis- shows on TV. the punch line. Comedians dread, most tinctly," I shouted. "I've made my living Every line spoken, every facial expres- of all, to hear a long hush while they're speaking distinctly, so don't say I don't sion, every motion, are all covered by on their way to a promised laugh. speak distinctly." laugh tracks. The proposition is that the As example, I offer this actual happen- Our cab moved forward a couple of audience at home watching a comedy ing with a very funny and true tag line. inches and we stopped again. The driver Not that a story's being true makes it was willing to visit with me as long as necessarily funny, but it did happen to we weren't going anywhere. He looked me. There are no jokes along the way around rather nonchalantly and stared to the final line, only detailed exposi- at me. tion. "You made your living speaking dis- I finally got a cab one rainy morning tinctly?" he said. "Where was that—on on my way to the now defunct Ziegfeld television?"

Theater in New York for a rehearsal "No," I hollered, "on radio." of a televison show I was writing. I was We moved again about a foot or two late. So I said to the driver: "Go straight and stopped. He turned back to me down Park Avenue, and turn right on again. 55th Street. Don't turn on 57th, because "Radio?" he asked. "What did you do we'll get all jammed up in traffic." on radio?"

The driver nodded and away we went. "Easy Aces!" I fairly screamed. I settled back to read my paper and soon We moved on again a few feet. He found we were stalled in a massive trafllic was back again. jam. We were on 57th Street. "You know." he said, "I never under- "Driver," I said, trying to keep my stood you then either." temper, "didn't I tell you not to go across The comedian is rare who will spend 57th Street?" that much time on building that much "You don't speak distinctly," he said exposition. It would have to be a co- casually. median with a lot of confidence who can "I'm afraid to open it. The missus and I had a terrific row last night." It's easy to make up to THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE show and hearing the mechanical laugh- ter of the machine will join in the hi- your spare time and get larity. And for some time we all have played along with it. The only trouble

is that the level of comedy has sunk to the lowest denominator because of this machine. There was a time some years ago when writers preparing a comedy script would

fret over each line, wondering if it was good enough. Now that they are assured of the mechanized laugh, they don"t bother to polish a humorous line, to per-

fect it. So protected are they with the laugh tracks. There's an art and skill to working a laugh machine. You may have noticed when you accept as few as 5 orcJers unskilled a month as a Mason Shoe Counselor on some of the shows when an laugh machine operator will let his How would you like to collect a handsome YOU GET FREE SHOES FOR LIFE-a pair "second salary" week after week and e>ery six months, as long as you send as few laughs flow without stopping. Even when get FREE SHOES FOR LIFE, loo'i It s easy! as 5 orders every month. You take orders fast a performer only goes to the door to let Just introduce nationally-advertised Mason because you offer bigger selection than any Shoes to friends, neighbors and other folks retail store— more than 275 styles: sizes 4 someone in. there is a laugh that follows to 16, widths EEEE. you see every day. AAA to Send for FREE him to the door. Also on some shows Regardless of age or experience — even if Outfit TODAY . . . NOW! the laughs are so long that too often they you've never sold a thing before in your life —you can make S5 to SIO in an hour in your RUSH COUPON FOR YOUR FREE OUTFIT! cover the next straight line which leads spare time as a highly re- to the next joke, which no one under- spected Mason Shoe Coun MASON SHOE MFG. CO., Dept. H-503 selor. You don't invest a cent! Chippewa Falls, Wise. 54729 stands because he didn't hear the line

OK, show me how I can make up to SlOO a We send you a FREE Demon- which brought on the joke. stration Outfit that rings up week in spore time-ond get FREE SHOES FOR LIFE! Rush me— FREE and without obligation— sales virtually automatically Often it is all too easy to sit in your everything I need to start making BIG MONEY. . . . makes you good money living room and know that the TV studio from the very fint hour! NAME. laughter is dubbed in. comedian 'Vou can earn up to S50, (Please Print) A S75, SlOO or more a week, MASON SHOE ADDRESS. dressed as a waiter in a restaurant set- and gel free shoes for life. MFG. CO. ting does a bit that ends up with every- Get started now! Fill in and H-503 Dept. |_ TOWN. .ZONE STATE. mail coupon TODAY! Chippewa Folll, Wis. body covered with custard pies. Now the

48 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 - laughing continues straight through "I don't believe an audience laughs and pen, ready for the man's story. Not while the scene is changed in two seconds only when they hear someone else laugh. a word. Finally the doctor said, "Your to a ballroom. The comedian is now You're making Pavlov's dogs out of us hour is up. You will come back tomor- dressed in a tuxedo and there's not a TV cats," I said. row at the same time." speck of pie on him. But the chuckles But he had his way. And the show As he walked out, the doctor's recep- from the custard pie scene are still echo- turned out to be an hour of laugh tracks tionist said, "That will be $50, please." ing. You know there was a time lag of with entertainers attached. If this keeps The man wrote the check and departed. anything from 20 minutes to several days on, and it has kept on, pretty soon the The next day he came again. He took between the shooting of the two scenes, producers of TV shows, whose analysis his position on the couch, the doctor sat while scenery and costumes were of humor is that viewers will laugh only with pad and pen, and again the man changed and the custard pie was washed to the accompaniment of a laugh track, never said a word. And again the doctor off. If that laughter was continuous, I will discover that the viewers are turning told him his hour was up and he was want that audience under contract to me. off their sets and laughing all the way to come back the next day. And again to their nearest neighborhood movie the receptionist said, "$50, please," and ONCE I WAS a party to dubbed-laugh- houses. he paid her. ter on a show that I wrote for televi- This kind of analysis has sent many This went on for three weeks. Every sion. It was all televised out of doors and a dedicated comedy writer to the couch. day on the couch, not a word spoken.

I was called to the studio the night before And speaking of the couch, I leave you The fourth week he came in, lay on the the show was to be aired to help insert to your own analysis of what you will couch, with the doctor waiting patiently. the laughs where they would have been laugh at, with a story about a psychia- Finally the man spoke: had we had a studio audience. It pre- trist. "Doctor, can I ask you a question?" sented a problem. Since the comedian A man in his fifties, affluent and the "Of course," said the overjoyed doc- hadn't paused long enough for laughs, head of a prosperous business, decided tor. "Now you're talking. The therapy the laugh track would cover the next he was not quite as happy as he should to be complete must be voluntary on line. To my surprise the man who oper- be. There was something bugging him. your part. Now what is the question you ated the machine told me he needed dif- His wife told him he ought to see a psy- want to ask?" ferent lengths of laughs. I was to mark chiatrist. "Doctor," the man said, "do you want on his script a one-inch laugh, two-inch He had never been to one, and asked to take in a partner?" or three-inch. around for the best he could find. He If that got a chuckle, it did it with no I resented the whole business, tried made an appointment and went to the savers, no laugh tracks, no lappy. If you to talk the producer out of it. He pa- office of this good doctor. He was ush- want to analyze why you laughed, maybe tiently explained to me that the people ered in and was asked to lie on the couch. you should see this doctor. And while at home would laugh only if they heard He did. He just lay there staring at the you're there, tell him that story. He'll laughs from a studio audience, which in ceiling. He didn't say a word. Silently laugh too. At $50 an hour, why wouldn't this case was the laugh machine. the doctor sat next to him with his pad he? THE END

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 49 Atlanta's Civil War Cyclorama

'HOWN ABOVE is part of the Cyclorama of Civil War battles 15th of the whole. The part on canvas is said to be the world's around Atlanta, Ga., which those who attend the Legion's largest painting. Guests ($1 adults, 50(5 children) get a fresh National Convention this Aug. 22-28, may see in Atlanta's viewing every half hour from 9 to 6 in summer, with a run- Grant Park. The huge display is a continuous, circular paint- ning commentary and sound effects. A group of German ing (backdrop) and three-dimensional display (foreground), artists created the Cyclorama in 1885-86. It has awed visitors some 50 feet high and 400 feet around. The above is about a ever since. the end

50 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 THE RUCKUS OVER THE CENSUS (Continued from page 9)

20,000 of the 100,000 enumerators were not counted in 1960, Miller claims SJiCRIil LOANS! normally employed in the door-to-door the enumerators missed another 2 mil- We lend money by mail —$1 00 to $1 500 — canvass. lion Americans living or visiting abroad. in absolute privacy. Borrow for any good In general, everybody who lives in an Thus, he testified: reason: to pay off bills, fix up the house, urban area will receive his questionnaire "In their preoccupation with the na- take vacations, etc. No co-signers. No interviews. No mortgages of any kind by mail and those in rural sections will ture of my toilet bowl, they are depriv- required. Fast service. Write for full details. be contacted personally by an enumera- ing 7 million Americans of appropriate No obligation —no agent will call. tor. The Census Bureau is reluctant to apportionment and representation in the DIAL FINANCE CO., Dept. G-092 410 Kllpatrick Omaha, Nebr. 68102 rely on the mails in rural areas because halls of Congress." Bide., G-092 many householders use RFD numbers r~DIAL FINANCE CO.. Dept. I 410 Kllpatrick Bide., Omaha, Nebr. 68102 or get the mail because their mailman Betts' constant prodding the Please rush full details on secret loans by mail. UNDER I am not obligated in any way. knows them personally. Thus, some 40 Census Bureau has not only million households will be canvassed by changed the wording on sharing bathtubs A ddress mail and the remaining 30 million by the and showers but has trimmed the number Cily State _ .Zip_ enumerators. of questions to be asked. Four out of five Amount you want to borrow $_ j householders will now be called upon to answer 23 questions, three of 20 will answer 66 questions, and only one of 20 will answer 73 questions. Under certain unusual circumstances, some household heads will be asked to answer 89 ques- tions. This compares roughly with the

1960 census and is less extensive than the national interrogations of 1950 and 1940.

While all householders are asked the same basic population and housing ques- DIMES tions, the Census Bureau has sought to TREASURE & COIN DETECTOR reduce the "answering burden" by ask- ing additional questions only where nec- 10-DAY FREE TRIAL essary to achieve a credible sampling. New circuit guaranteed to give at least ' Hence, in some areas of interest it will twice the detection ability of any de- ask more questions than in others. tector in this price range or return Send $29.95 in 10 days for refund. Find buried check, cash or If some of the questions enumerators gold, silver, coins, treasure. More ' fire at you next April seem too personal power for more depth. Not a M.O. tor postpaid "probe" type but a fully electronic , shipment or irrelevant, is $3.00 or the Census Bureau anx- 1969 model detector. Uses ordi- ious to disabuse you of that idea. Some nary 9V battery, weighs 2 and pay postman pounds, fully transistorized of the uses to which this information can $26.95 plus small "I can't get to work thanks to a strike. No Gives loud, clear signal when C.O.D when delivered. one can call us thanks to a strike. No bad be put are offered by Assistant Secretary object is detected. NOTHING / ELSE TO BUY. news to read thanks to a strike. Agnes, William Chartener. VIKING DETECTORS Complete, ready to /^'•''^ -JsSsK here's to Utopia!" Dept. V-29, Box 10880 The question on years of school com- operate. Houston, Texas 77018 pleted is employed by federal, state and THE AMRRICAN LEGION MAGAZINE HEAVY DUTY BALL-BEARING PUMP local governments to set up manpower IRRIGATE • DRAIN • SPRAY • CIRCULATE • All- Since the 1970 census will be a mail- training programs. metal, rust-proof XB. Stainless shaft. Use 1/4 HP or larger. 1 HP for up to 5,200 GPH 60' high out/ mail-back type ofnose count irf mosi- r'-.ivOccupatiofiaJ-.questions shed light on 3,000 GPH from 25' well. UA" inlet. 1" instances, it is conceivable that some in- possible manpower resources and help outlet. For belt or direct drives $12.95 Type P won't rust or clog. Bronze bear- accuracies may crop up. With the vol- businesses looking for new office or plant ing. Hundreds of thousands in use. " 1" ume of junk mail constantly escalating, Up to 2,400 GPH. inlet. W locations. outlet $8.95 (although the Census questionnaire is One of the more effective ways of de- P'pd.cash with order. MONEY BACK GUARANTEE LABAWCO. Box 56, Belle Mead, N. J. 08502 hardly in this category) many house- termining the American level of living holders will likely ignore the Census is to find out if you own a washing ma- form or mistakenly toss it away without chine, dryer, dishwasher and air-condi- noting its importance. tioner. So there are questions in that

"It is likely that people who are em- area. This information is equally useful barrassed about answering these ques- in planning water and sewage facilities tions, have difficulty reading or who and electric utility lines. don't care about being grilled as if they Few men in government are more were home economics laboratories will conscious of Harry Truman's admoni- fail to give adequate response," Betts tion that "if you can't stand the heat get predicts. "When this happens, many peo- out of the kitchen" than A. Ross Eckler, Many employers who hire J.O.B. can- didates have learned about the contribu- ple won't be counted or the reports will the embattled director of the Census tions of skill, energy and judgment that be incomplete, thus distorting statistical Bureau. In his several appearances be- qualified disabled persons bring to the results." fore Congressional committees he has job. See for yourself . . . next time hire an experienced disabled employee. For Similar concern was expressed by Ar- been peppered from all sides because of information call the J.O.B. nearest you thur Miller, a law professor at the Univ. the interpretation (or misinterpretation) or write: of Michigan, in recent testimony before placed on some of the questions in the a Senate subcommittee. In addition to 1970 census. J.O.B. Inc. 717 First Avenue the 5 million persons Betts estimates {Continued on page 52) New York, N.Y. 10017 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 5I THE RUCKUS OVER THE CENSUS statisticians, professionals of intrusion, (Continued from page 51) whose existence is justified by the quan- tity of information they can gather." Consider, for example, tlie indelicacy business, manufactures, transportation, Congressman Frank Horton (N.Y.), of asking an unmarried woman how mineral industries and commercial fish- says many of his constituents complain many babies she has had. Eckler has to eries. It also does special population to him about the business census which come up with a justification. censuses (for a fee) for city, county and requires answering upwards of 1 25 ques- "What is so vital to the United States state governments which find a need to tions, many of them regarded as trivial Government about such information?" update population figures between reg- or irrelevant to the purposes of the cen- Rep. Thomas J. Meskill (Conn.), asked, ular ten-year censuses. sus. Some businessmen have had to hire when Eckler appeared before a House Special censuses, such as those in ag- additional bookkeepers and accountants Post Office subcommittee. The Congress- riculture or business, also have drawn to help them keep up with government man said he was deeply troubled over the bitter ire of people who believe the paperwork, he reports. the "emotional distress" caused a woman government is becoming far too nosey in Efforts so far to eliminate the man- who might be keeping a secret which at affairs that are none of its concern. datory requirements of answering a cen- least it is not the government's business Several bills were introduced in the sus questionnaire have failed. The Cen- to pry loose. House last year to prohibit any ques- sus Bureau takes the position that too Eckler spent the better part of two tions relating to production, acreage, op- many Americans would duck the census hours explaining that such information is essential in profiling population trends and housing needs. The question, he in- sisted, only seems nonsensical when it is taken out of statistical context. A Congressman sought unsuccessfully to draw from Eckler an admission that he is invading privacy when he asks Question No. 25 on the census form: "Is this a girl or woman—how many babies has she ever had, not counting still births?" Eckler has been asking such questions in the Census Bureau for 30 years and

clearly is past the point of being embar- rassed. That question, he explained, is necessary to draw up fertility patterns so the government can better plan some of its aid programs. The question about babies first emerged in the 1890 Census, which was, of course, the prudish age of Victoria. Rep. Edward J. Derwinski (III.), con- cluded it might be more effective if the nose counters simply asked, "How many

I heard the unmistakable girls are using the pill?" "I was outside playing but rasping sound of a spoon cutting through ice cream."

CENSUS OFFICIALS don't acccpt such THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE carping lightly, and repeatedly em- phasize the importance of developing a eration or finances of any farm or farmer if it were not mandatory and this would comprehensive statistical picture of the in an agricultural census. dilute its effectiveness. 20th-century American. Albert Mindlin, "These questions ask a farmer to do The First Congress decided that re- chief statistician for the District of Co- what no good businessman would ever sponse to the then limited census should lumbia, cautions: consider; they ask him to reveal his trade be a public duty. On March 1, 1790, "If we don't have an adequate census secret," complained one of the bills' au- Congress adopted an act providing for in 1970 the entire social revolution of thors, former Congressman James F. the enumeration of the inhabitants of the 1960's will not be measurable and Battin of Montana, now a federal judge. the United States "on pain of forfeiting we won't be able to plan for the future." "Not only are many of the census enu- twenty dollars." In 1850 and again in Eckler, in calling for defeat of the merators hired from the same locality 1880 the original law was strengthened, Betts bill and other bills proposing a in which they work, but also, valuable with penalties for non-compliance in- bare-bones approach, has asserted: estimates can be made by one familiar creased each time. "Its enactment into law would consti- with the district by a process of elimina- Most people who hesitate to answer a tute a clear reversal and retrogression tion, thus negating any confidentiality census questionnaire do so because of

from a policy position the Congress has supposedly protected by the published fear it will lead to examination of their expressed repeatedly over the 177 years census reports." tax returns by the Internal Revenue of census history in this country. Battin feels that while the Census Bu- Service. But to date no census records "It would devalue the significance and reau may be asking for information that have ever been surrendered to IRS. On importance of the national census at a the government needs to know, it's ask- the other hand, the Census Bureau will time when its results are more critically ing also for more information to satisfy use information compiled by the tax needed than ever before." the personal curiosity of bureaucrats. As agency to complete its own statistical

In addition to the mammoth popula- he put it: findings. This does not relate, of course, tion and housing census, the government "Hidden away in their offices, insu- to an individual's earnings. conducts special censuses in those years lated from the opinions and feelings of There are other reasons, too, which ending in "7" and "2" of agriculture, the American public, are hundreds of prompt citizens to shy away from the

52 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J ULY 1969 — census taker—individuals being sought be apportioned among the several states by the poHce, men living in a house which may be included within this Un- where a welfare agency believes no man ion, according to their respective num- is present or those simply antagonistic ber. . . . The actual enumeration shall toward the government for prying into be made within three years after the first their private affairs. meeting of the Congress of the United HERE IS THE PERMANENT ANSWER marker lards Eckler, the census boss, says that States, and within every subsequent term FOR YOUR FUND RAISING, THAT MANY THOUSANDS OF ORGANIZATIONS USE. while penalties for not answering a cen- of ten years, in such manner as they •BINGO KING" SUPPLIES EVERYTHING shall law direct." sus form have only been imposed twice by ALONG WITH FREE IDEA BULLETINS in history, the mere existence of this The delegates saw an advantage in FOR YOUR HELP. PAY AS YOU GO. Wfi/re TODAY PLEASE GIVE NAME OF ORCANfZATiow mandatory provision in the law has tying representation to direct taxes to opened many doors to the census enu- insure an accurate count of the popula- merator. tion by the 1 3 original states. This clearly DEPT. 537 "To the millions of citizens who are put a damper on the temptation of any BOX 1178 ' ENGLEWOOD, COLORADO 80110 not antagonistic but simply do not wish state to exaggerate population to gain HYDRAULIC JACK REPAIRS to be bothered, the fact that there is a larger representation in Congress, since Earn While You Learn In Your Spare Time legal requirement to report has effec- the more people claimed by a state the Trained and qualified mechanics needed NOW to service tively proclaimed the official and essen- more taxes it would have to pay to the inoperative hydraulic jacks. BIG opportunity for ambitious men. We show you HOW — in your basement or garage to earn spare time cash in expanding tial status of the census brought new central government. an industry. Don't wait, and ACT NOW! Get the facts. about their cooperation without duress," Write for folder No. A7, and free bonus offer. he explains. WITHIN A YEAR after George Wash- Hydraulic Jack Repair Manual Co., Inc. G.P.O. BOX 3 • STATEN ISLAND, N. Y. 10314 The United States is not unique in de- ington became President, the first manding that its citizens subject them- census was taken. It was a crude under- selves to census interrogation. Every taking compared with today's vast com- mi immi puterized operation. The job was as- other nation in the world which conducts FLUSHES UP censuses—and most of them do—have signed to federal marshals who in turn to sewer or septic tank similar mandatory requirements. hired as many enumerators as they no digging up floors. deemed necessary. After the returns were WRITE , . . McPHERSON, INC completed, the enumerator was required AMONG the fallacies that crop up about BOX 15133 TAMPA, FLA. 33614 to post them "at two of the most public the census is one which claims the government requires every person places ... to remain for the inspection LEARN of all concerned." who has served in the armed services to MEAT CUTTING report his entire military history. Actu- In this first census only scant informa- in quickly in 8 Bbort weeks at Toledo a bright future with security in vital tion was sought: the name of the head eat business. Big pay. full-time Jobs ally, he is asked only to state what war HAVE A PHOFITABLE MARKET OP of the family, the of free white YOUR OWN! Time payment plan avail- or wars he has served in. number ^^t^^^m^^^^^^tJMis. able. Diploma given. Job help. Thou- Buccessful graduates. ^^f)^ ^i. OUR 45th males 16 years or older and those under YEAR! Send now for big m IHufitrated Information about veterans status was TREE catalog. No obligation. G.l. Approved. 16, the number of free white females NATIONAL SCHOOL OF MEAT CUTTING collected in 1840, 1890 and 1910 and in Dept. A-20. Toledo. Ohio 4.3604 each census since 1930. Despite what and other free persons and the number of slaves. is sometimes believed, the Veterans Ad- ministration has no comprehensive sta- The census taker was subjected to at- tistics of its own on veterans; it only has tack in those days, too. Not from hostile contact with veterans who have filed Congressmen but from roving bands of Your claims. But data secured by the Census hostile Indians. He also was confronted Bureau concerning the educational, oc- with citizens reluctant to answer ques- cupational and economic level of vet- tions. Many of these early Americans erans in relation to non-veteran Ameri- had not forgotten the prying of the Brit- Heart Fund cans is used by VA and other govern- ish Crown and there were those who mental agencies, as well as Congress, in feared, should they be numbered, they evaluating programs designed to benefit would be smitten by the Lord with a veterans. plague as were the disobedient folk of Fights The groundwork for the modern-day David's time. census was laid at the Constitutional The young Republic then had only 4 HEART ATTACK • STROKE Convention in 1787 when delegates rati- million inhabitants but it took 1 8 months to complete the census. fied Article 1 , Section 2, which provided HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE that: Congress and our early Presidents re- alized the value of a census and like INBORN HEART DEFECTS "Representatives and direct taxes shall men James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, John Quincy Adams and Martin Van Buren were instrumental in expanding the scope of these early censuses. The first attempt to inquire into the characteristics of the population instead

of just count it came in 1820 when peo- ple were asked if they were engaged in agriculture, commerce or manufacturing and, if foreign born, whether they were naturalized. Ten years later came the first recog- nition of health and social problems. At every household the census taker asked (Continued on page 54)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 THE RUCKUS OVER THE CENSUS (Continued from page 53)

if there were persons who were deaf, analysis of statistical information was dumb or bUnd. In 1840. Congress be- now becoming a specialized science. So came concerned with mental illness and in 1902. Congress created the Bureau this question was added: "Is there any- of the Census which subsequently was one living here who is insane or idiotic?" made part of the Department of Com- The question remained in the census merce.

through 1 890, when Congress decided to While it is true that the mass of cen- drop it. sus findings are beneficial principally to government and business, the Bureau EDUCATION became a concern in the files have been helpful to many individ- 1840 census and a tabulation was ual Americans. Although the contents of made of people over 20 who could read your individual census form cannot be and write. Statistics were also developed released to any other government agency on the number of schools mmm and scholars. or anyone else, the information on file In 1850, we began to learn something in your name is available to you or your about the wealth of our people. Each designated legal representative. free person was asked the value of his In the last two years about 1 Vi million Sounds ridiculous, doesn't it? real estate. In 1860, he was asked the persons turned to the Census Bureau to same question But what if eveiybody in this and also the value of all prove their age for Social Security or other wealth. countiy were to throw their Medicare benefits, their place of birth Those today who believe the govern- for citizenship proof, their family rela- hands up in despair and say they ment is invading their privacy might be tionship for a rightful inheritance and don't give a hoot. interested in some of the questions pro- for other purposes. hideed, there would be no pounded in 1880. Here are just a few. tomorrow. Of the insane, "Is this person kept in a THE BASIS of prc-tcsting the 1970 But fortunately, Americans ON cell or other apartment under lock and census, the Bureau estimates it will have a way of solving their key?" and "Is this person restrained by take about 15 minutes for a typical fam- problems. a strap, strait jacket, etc.?" Of idiots. "Is ily to answer the population and housing And that's just what's going this person self-supporting?" and "What questionnaire. For those who receive the to happen in these troubled times. is the size of his head (large, small or longer form it may take about 30 min- You can help. natural)?" Of homeless children, "Is this utes. child illegitimate?" and "Has origin of Fortunately, we don't have to share Take a minute and think about this child been respectable?" Of pris- the concern of the little old lady who a U.S. Sa\ings Bond. oners. "Alleged offense?" and "Awaiting was approached by a census taker in No, it isn't an immediate trial, execution, etc.?" Of paupers. "Able the back country of Appalachia while remedy for all our ills. But it helps. bodied, intemperate, epileptic?" she was hoeing her garden. If eveiybody ^\'ere to buy The beginning of the 20th century "What do you want with me?" the old just one ^25.00 Savings Bond found the United States with a popula- woman asked. (cost -18.75), your country \vould tion of 76 million. It was now highly "Every ten years." the census repre- be stronger economically to industrialized. Railroads crisscrossed the sentative explained patiently, "the gov-

\\ ipe out some of those scars we've nation. For Congress this meant legislat- ernment tries to find out how many peo- been sporting. ing for a large, sprawling and complex ple there are in the United States."

that increasingly "Lordy. honey. I sure don"t know." And of course, you'd have quite nation had become de- manding. The collection, processing and she replied. the end a nice nest egg for yourself one of these days.

You'd have a lot more dollars in the kilty for things like college HAVE YOU CHANGED YOUR ADDRESS?

educations, that new home, or a To insure that your magazine will follow you if you've changed secure retirement. your address recently or expect to shortly, fill out this coupon and mail to: Circulation Dep't, The American Legion Magazine, P. O. Box So think about 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. Also, notify your post adjutant. a U.S. Savings ATTACH ADDRESS LABEL FROM YOUR CURRENT todav. I Bond ISSUE IN THIS SPACE OR PRINT OLD ADDRESS And then go out and buy one. Tomorrow. If they're losi, stolen, or destroyed, wc replace 'cm.

I Take stock PLEASE PRINT Date. NAME POST NO. in America (member's name) CARD NO. YEAR DEPT. (INCLUDE letter PREFIX) Buy U.S. Savings Bonds NEW ADDRESS. & Freedom Shares (STREET) (ROUTE OR P.O. BOX) CITY or TOWN STATE Th* U.S. Govcfnmcnl do«s i ol pay lor this advcrlis«ment, (ZIP CODE) preirnird ba a public sc •vice in cooperation with The Drtmcnl o( the Treasury md The Adverlis.nc Council.

54 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JU LY 1969 rirSHOPPER

The Arabs have refused to change this coin for almost 200 years. Even when the famous Maria Theresa DOCTOR OF GEO-METAPHYSICS. Award MASONIC EMBLEM in military ring. Yellow Thaler is struck today, it is still dated yourself this honorary degree. Impressive gold emblem embedded in synthetic gem- 1780. Because the date is a mark of diploma is printed in parchment paper stone. Red, blue or black settings. 118 genuineness the natives with gold seal & with your name. Friends models with your Division identity. Also 6 to of Arabia and East Africa who use this beau- will never suspect that both degree and models for Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine tiful Austrian coin as currency. These title are phoney. Ideal to decorate any wall Corps, Coast Guard & Merchant Marine. silver dollar size pieces are issued in & as a gift. Only $5, Geo-Metaphysical Money-back Guar. Free catalog: Royal proof-like condition fine Institute, Dept. AL, Park Ave., Manhasset, Military Jewelry, Box Y-517, Apache Junc- in .900 silver. With the Austrian coat of N.Y. 11030. tion, Ariz. 85220. arms on the reverse side, it is considered one of the most beautiful coins in the world. Normally sells for up to $6.95. Yours, on this special offer, only $2.60. One to a customer. Sent with illustrated coin catalog, plus selections of coins to examine. Buy any or none, return balance. Cancel service anytime. Send $2.50, name, address and zip to: LITTLETON COIN CO., Dept. MT-12. Littleton, N.H. 03561

SEPTIC TANK TROUBLE? NORTH EL Reactivator works to keep septic tank and cesspool clean. A bacteria concentrate breaks up solids and grease works to pre- BACKACHE? Patented PiPeer Backeaser AS A MERLITE PRESTO-SHINE authorized — relieves sacroiliac nerve, improves pos- dealer, make as much as $17.25 an hour. vent overflow, back-up, ture, slims appearance. Strong, form fit- Offer motorists genuine Simoniz paste wax odors. Regular use can ting, washable; snap front; easily adjusted job on any car, for only $5.95. Exclusive, save costly pumping or straps. Foam rubber pad holds and mas- patented new polishing machine lets you digging. dry in sages back. Send hip measurement. $6.95 do up to 3 cars an hour with little effort. Simply mix powder water, plus 350 pstge. Piper Brace Co., Dept. For details write: Merlite Presto Shine, 4 E. flusli down toilet. Non-poisonous, non- AL-79B, 811 Wyandotte, Kansas City, Mo. 46th Street, Dept. E-AL-7, New York, N.Y. caustic. Money back guarantee of satis- 64105. 10017. facti:in. Six montbs' supply, $3.95; full vear's supply (jnlv $7.00 postpaid. NORTHEL DISTRIBUTORS, AL-7 P.O. Box 1103, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55440

This section is presented as a service to readers and advertisers. COIN CRAB All products are sold with a money-back guarantee. When ordering, please allow a reasonable amount of time for handling and ship- ping. Be sure to include Zip Code number along with your address.

RforRUPTURE 500 RETURN ADDRESS LABELS •Partial List ^ of RELIEF Coins in Collections: Half 4 Large Cents! AMAZING ^CW-/lFII flying Eagle Cenfsl GIANT SURPRISE Indian Head Cents! ELASTIC TRUSS ASSORTMENTS Packed Two Cents Jhree Cents USE from coUectioni* including liberty, Compares in quality and comfort with elastic trusses YOUR Nickels Shield costing twice as much! Elastic body band expands and thousands of rare and key Nickels "ZIP" CODE Buffalo Nickels contracts with each body movement. DROPPED-FRONT coins up RICH GOLD TRIM to ISO years old! Half Dimes design l

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1969 55 r

MINI-WORLD The mini-rage is with us still PARTING SHOTS In all its bloom and flower; In all my years I've never seen A thing with so much power.

It really is enough, I swear, To start a man to drinking; It's not the mini-skirt I loathe, It's all the mini-thinking! George Ronald Hill

DOWN THE PIPE Why aren't plumbers' assistants called drainees? Lane Olinohodse STRAPPED FOR CHANGE In supermarkets, downtown stores, Cashiers forever scold That nickles, quarters, pennies, dimes. Are worth their weight in gold.

How come, then, everything is priced At something-ninety-nine? What folly on the zero's part Accounts for its decline?

The bargain value of the nine Is hardly so immense. Let's put the zero back in use And solve our lack of Edith Or.rTscii

"He says: 'saw action for three weeks, got slightly wounded in a siege and SUMMER WOE wrote this during a lull in the fighting'— I'll sure be glad when he gets home Country Cottige: Five rooms and a depot from college!" for relatives and friends. THE AMERICAN l.EtilON MAOAZINE IlwiD Gordon HUMAN NATURE Human nature's always fickle; BASEBALL LOGIC Human nature's hard to beat; candy, a pickle; A ha.scl);ill pildicr once won 20 games in a season for a minor league Given wants Given pickle, wants a sweet. team tliat wound up in the cellar. ^Vhen it came to contract time the Sei.ma I.ONr. following spring, the pitcher complained to the club president because he

was offered the .same salary. "You forget that I won 20 games," he pointed ". out. . . and for a last plate club, too." "W'liat difference dors that make?" asked tlie boss. "We could have finished last without you!" DAiN Bennett

MAN OF ACTION The trucker had just been served his meal in a roadside restaurant when a trio of motorcycle hoods entered the place. One grabbed the trucker's steak, another his salad and the third his pie and coffee. The trucker left his stool, paid his bill and walked out without uttering a word. "Boy, what a chicken!" one hood sneered. "He sure ain't much of a fighter." "Ain't much of a driver, either," the counterman added as he gazed out the window. "He just ran his truck over three motorcycles." Pfbblf.s J. C.

RACE IS TO THE SWIFT

A personnel manager was telling a friend about how a girl came in to apply for a job as private secretary to one of the companv's executives.

She had been asked if she had atiy particular qualifications or talents and had replied that she cante in first in a foot race. "That's very good," the manager .said, "but I'm more interested in "Now that you see what is in my com- something that relates to what vou'll fje doing here during office hours." petitor's lemonade, I'm sure you'll agree "Oil, this was during office hours!" the girl replied hastilv. the extra nickel is worth a quality drink."

Katiierine De\Vitt THE AMERICAN IXGIO.N MAGAZINE

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