Environmental Management Plans
Project Number: 41435-013: TSSD- ADF (Loan 3570/8331 and Grant 0542))
June 2020
Cambodia: Tonle Sap Poverty Reduction and Smallholder Development Project - Additional Financing
for 5 Roads Subprojects: 1- Upgrading of 2.786 km of Bos Sbov DBST Road in Bos Sbov Commune, Preah Netr Preah District, Banteay Meanchey Province (TSSD-AF-BMC-NCB-W/RR006-NCDDS); 2- Improvement of 6.056 km of Chi Meas SBST Road in Inter-commune of Msar Krang and Kampong Chen Cheung, Stoung District, Kampong Thom Province (TSSD-AF-KPT- NCB-W/RR010-NCDDS); 3- Construction of 7.388 km of Laterite Road Inter-Commune of Sandan and Dang Kambet, Sandan District, in Kampong Thom Province (TSSD-AF-KPT-NCB-W/RR003-NCDDS); 4- Construction of 3.497 km of SBST Road in Kampong Trabaek Commune, Kampong Trabaek District, Prey Veng Province (TSSD-AF-PVG-NCB-W/RR023-NCDDS); and 5- Rehabilitation of 8.993 km of Svay Sar Earth Road in Svay Sar Commune, Varin District, Siem Reap (TSSD-AF-SRP-NCB-W/RR009-NCDDS)
Prepared by PIC of NCDD and MAFF for the Tonle Sap Poverty Reduction – Additional Fund for the Asian Development Bank.
This environmental management plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA Nation Religion King
ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK ADB Loan 3570, ADB Grant0542 and IFAD Loan 8331
CAMBODIA: TONLE SAP POVERTY REDUCTION AND SMALLHOLDER DEVELOPMENT PROJECT – ADDITIONAL FINANCING (TSSD-AF)
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN– EMP FOR ROAD SUBPROJECTS
Covering 5 Roads Subprojects: 1- Upgrading of 2.786 km of Bos Sbov DBST Road in Bos Sbov Commune, Preah Netr Preah District, Banteay Meanchey Province 2-Improvement of 6.056 km of Chi Meas SBST Road in Inter-commune of Msar Krang and Kampong Chen Cheung, Stoung District, Kampong Thom Province 3-Construction of 7.388 km of Laterite Road Inter-Commune of Sandan and Dang Kambet, Sandan District, in Kampong Thom Province 4-Construction of 3.497 km of SBST Road in Kampong Trabaek Commune, Kampong Trabaek District, Prey Veng Province 5-Rehabilitation of 8.993 km of Svay Sar Earth Road in Svay Sar Commune, Varin District, Siem Reap
Phnom Penh, June 2020
CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of June 2020)
Currency unit – Cambodian Riel (KR) KR1.00 = $0.000244 $1.00 = KR4,099
Abbreviation
ADB Asian Development Bank AF Additional Financing CEMP Construction Environmental Management Plan CARD Council for Agriculture and Rural Development CMAW Commune Mobile Access Worker DBST Double Bituminous Surface Treatment D&S Consultant Design and Supervision Infrastructure Consultant EA Executing Agency EARF Environmental Assessment and Review Framework EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan ESO Environment Safeguard Officer FDERP Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project GoC Government of Cambodia GPS Global Positioning System IA Implementing Agency IEE Initial Environmental Examination MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry MEF Ministry of Economy and Finance MoE Ministry of Environment NCS National Climate Change Specialist NES National Environment Specialist NR National Road NCDDS National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development Secretariat PDOE Provincial Department of Environment
ii PDWRAM Provincial Department of Water Resources and Meteorology PDAFF Provincial Department of Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry PST Provincial Support Team PIC Project Implementation Consultant PIU Project Implementation Unit PPTA Project Preparation Technical Assistance REA Rapid Environmental Assessment RP Resettlement Plan SBST Single Bituminous Surface Treatment SPS ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009)
iii Contents
Abbreviation ...... ii Contents...... iv List of Tables ...... iv List of Figures ...... iv List of Appendices ...... v A. Introduction ...... 6 B. Responsibilities for Implementation ...... 6 C. Summary of Potential Impacts ...... 9 C1. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ...... 9 C2. Mitigation Measures ...... 29 C3. Environmental Management Costs ...... 42 D. Environmental Monitoring ...... 42 D1. Monitoring Management ...... 42 D2. Environmental Monitoring Reports ...... 47 D3. Training Program ...... 47 E. Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 48 E1. GRM Objectives ...... 48 E2. GRM System ...... 49 1. Access to Mechanism ...... 49 2. GRM Steps and Timeframe ...... 50
List of Tables
Table 1: Institutional Arrangements and Responsible ...... 6 Table 2: Summary Scope of Work for DBST Road Sub-project in Bos Sbov commune ...... 11 Table 3: Summary Scope of Work for SBST Road Improvement Sub-project in Msar Krang and Kampong Chen Cheung Communes ...... 13 Table 4: Summary Scope of Work for Sandan-Dang Kambet Laterite Road Sub-project in Sandan & Dang Kambet Communes ...... 16 Table 5: Summary Scope of Work for Kampong Trabaek SBST Road Sub-Project ...... 18 Table 6: Summary Scope of Work for Earth Road Rehabilitation Sub-Project in Svay Sar Commune ...... 22 Table 7: Assessment Areas of the Village Road Rehabilitation Subproject ...... 23 Table 8: Summary of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... 30 Table 9: Summary of Environmental Budget for Implementing Mitigation Measure and Monitoring ...... 42 Table 10: Project Readiness Assessment Indicators ...... 42 Table 11: EMP Compliance Monitoring ...... 43 Table 12: List of Participants in Public Consultation Meeting ...... 46 Table 10: Reporting Requirements ...... 47 Table 14: Capacity Building and Training Requirements ...... 48 Table 12: Grievance Redress Committees (GRC) for Five Road Subprojects ...... 53
List of Figures
Figure 1: Typical Cross Section of DBST Road Sub-project in Bos Sbov commune ...... 12
iv Figure 2: Typical Cross Section of SBST Road Improvement Sub-project in Msar Krang and Kampong Chen Cheung Communes ...... 15 Figure 3: Typical Cross Section of Sandan-Dang Kambet Laterite Road Sub-project in Sandan & Dang Kambet Communes ...... 17 Figure 4: Typical Cross Section of Kampong Trabaek SBST Road Sub-Project ...... 19 Figure 5: Typical Cross Section of Earth Road Rehabilitation Sub-Project in Svay Sar Commune ...... 23 Figure 6: Sensitive Receptors at Five Road Subproject ...... 25 Figure 7: GRM System ...... 52
List of Appendices
Appendix 1: Consultation / Interview Form ...... 56 Appendix 2: GRM – Complaint Recording Form ...... 59
v A. Introduction 1. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) covers all phases of core sub-project implementation from preparation through commissioning and operation, and it aims to ensure the monitoring of environmental impacts and activation of environmental mitigation measures. Relevant parts of the EMP will be incorporated into the construction, operation, and management of each sub-project. Environmental protection measures will (i) avoid, and (ii) where avoidance is not possible, mitigate environmental impacts, and (iii) achieve compliance with national environmental regulations and ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009. 2. Environmental Monitoring Programs will be carried out and the results will be used to evaluate the extent and severity of actual environmental impacts against the predicted impacts and the performance of the environmental protection measures. B. Responsibilities for Implementation 3. The Royal Government of Cambodia will apply an Asian Development Bank (ADB) loan to implement the Additional Financing (AF) to the Tonle Sap Poverty Reduction and Smallholder Development Project (TSSD). Loan proceeds will fund a series of infrastructure sub-projects, each one of which will require an environmental impact assessment which complies with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, 2009) and government regulations. There are two executing agencies; Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) and National Committee for Democratic Development Secretariat (NCDDS). NCDDS will be a key implementing agency for Output 1 while MAFF will be a key implementing agency for Output 2 and both of them will be a key implementing agency for Output 3. Table 1: Institutional Arrangements and Responsible Aspects Management Roles and Responsibilities Management (i) Oversight body The Council for Agriculture and Rural Development (CARD) In cooperation with the executing agencies, organize the biannual PSC meetings as a part of the regular CARD meetings. Conduct regular reviews of project implementation progress and assist in resolving policy issues related to the project implementation at ministerial level (ii) Executing agencies 2 (two) executing agencies; MAFF and NCDDS. Ensure successful implementation of the project in accordance with the loan and grant agreements. In term of environmental aspect, the two executive agencies will share responsibility for the following task: Ensure compliance with covenants and other obligations in the loan and grant agreements. Oversee the implementation of and compliance with the environmental review and assessment framework, initial environmental examinations and environmental management plans (where required), indigenous peoples planning framework, and indigenous peoples plans (where required). Submit the due diligence reports for non-infrastructure activities, and the preliminary studies and feasibility studies (where applicable) for infrastructure subprojects to ADB for review and approval. Submit semi-annual independent safeguard monitoring reports to ADB (iii) Key implementing NCDDS is responsible for Output 1, MAFF is responsible for Output 2. agencies The implementing agency will designate a staff member to be the project environment safeguard officer (ESO). Provincial Level (iv) Provincial Support Team A PST will be established in each project province, incorporating (PST) provincial staff of the implementing agency ministries. PST responsible
pg. 21 Aspects Management Roles and Responsibilities are: Support five provincial counterpart staff as follows: (i) a provincial deputy governor to be responsible overall, (ii) a contract/finance administration officer who also serves as a facilitator, (iii) an agriculture coordinator, (iv) an agriculture marketing and ICT support officer, and (v) a gender focal point seconded from the departments of agriculture, and women’s affairs. Plan and manage the assigned functions consistent with decentralization, all project implementation guidelines and the project administration manual (PAM). Ensure that the procedures in planning at the commune level are correctly followed to ensure that the selected subprojects respond to the priorities of the target communes and the project impact. Supervise and support the activities of the commune councils in respect of rural infrastructure subprojects and livelihood improvement activities. Facilitate the support of provincial line departments in providing Technical Clearance of rural infrastructure subprojects and in supervising and monitoring the construction and impact of the subprojects. Provide capacity building training and mentoring for the district and commune staff. Monitor the progress of implementation at district and commune level and assist in the resolution of problems and constraints. Ensure timely reporting to the NCDDS and MAFF in terms physical and financial progress of the project activities at the sub-national level. Provide regular updates of the NCDDS on-line database for all commune level activities. Facilitate the participation of the commune staff in the formulation of the annual work plans and budget. Ensure that all subproject designs are technically cleared by relevant provincial technical departments and in particular, the road designs are approved by the Provincial Department of Rural Development, and the irrigation designs are approved by the Provincial Department of Water Resources and Meteorology. Coordinate capacity building training and mentoring for DST members to facilitate support to LIGs, MIGs, and other groups.
Commune Level (iv) Project Implementation Commune councils will implement infrastructure subprojects – units – Commune Councils contracting and supervising construction contractors and owning and (CC) operating the finished facilities. Recruit one commune mobile access worker (CMAW) in each commune to support project implementation. Manage the variable block grant commune development funds (CDFs) to support rural infrastructure subprojects, livelihood improvement activities and commune administration costs. Identify appropriate rural infrastructure subprojects that enhance agricultural productivity in the project target villages for inclusion in the annual Commune Investment Plan. Procure works or services as per Commune/Sangkat PIM and/or instruction from NCDDS. Participate in provincial PRC as a member to procure works for their commune when the total subproject cost
pg. 21 Aspects Management Roles and Responsibilities beyond the threshold of the commune councils to procure through PIM. Award and manage contracts and monitor works construction under their responsibility Open and operate bank accounts at a commercial bank, as per official request from the National Committee for Disaster Management Secretariat/MEF to receive funding from the project. Submit monthly physical and financial progress reports to the PST through district support team (DST). Contract and manage external service providers to provide technical training and demonstrations to the members of the LIGs to support their livelihood improvement activities.
4. The subproject civil works for village road will be included in commune development plans (CDP), confirming community interest and funds to contractors will be paid by relevant commune councils. 5. Final design for village road subproject was finalised and support in bid preparation, and construction supervision has undertaken by a Design and Supervision Consultants (D&S Consultant) and selected by a procurement review committee (PRC) composed of representatives from the implementing agencies. 6. A provincial support team (PST) has established for each province. The PSTs will ensure that all subproject designs are technically cleared by relevant provincial technical departments and, in particular, that road designs are approved at provincial level by the provincial department of rural development, and that irrigation designs are approved by the provincial departments of water resources and meteorology. 7. The D&S Consultant will support CC and PST to prepare tender and contract construction documents. The commune councils will therefore act as the project implementation units for the infrastructure outputs. The commune councils will remain the project owners and will award the contract, manage the contract, and monitor the construction. The D&S Consultant will assist commune councils to monitor construction standards and facilitate monthly coordination at provincial level. 8. For the environmental aspects of the project, the safeguard unit within NCDDS will assign a suitably qualified staff member to be the project Environmental Safeguards Officer (ESO). 9. ESO will supervise, coordinate and assist in the implementation of environmental safeguards for the project. In coordination with subnational government counterparts and working closely with the Environmental Safeguards and Climate Change Specialist (ESCC) of the project implementation consultants (PIC) and the NES and NCC of the Infrastructure Design and Supervision consultant team (D&S Team), the officer will: a. Assist the commune councils to implement the environmental management plan (EMP) or Environmental Code of Conduct measures for each subproject. b. Provide training to commune councils and contractors as necessary to facilitate implementation of the EMP or Environmental Code of Conduct. c. Assist commune councils in their monitoring responsibilities under the EMP. d. Working with the implementing agency’s complaint unit, implement the project grievance redress mechanism (GRM), including; (i) instruct the commune councils and other local agencies on their responsibilities in the GRM; (ii) establish a simple registry system, to document and track grievances received (including forms to record complaints and how they have been resolved); and (iii) prepare reports on progress of the GRM for inclusion in the semi-annual environmental monitoring and quarterly project progress reports to ADB.
pg. 21 e. Assist in the preparation of materials for the training of commune councilors, commune mobile access workers (CMAW), PST, district support team members (DST), as well as trainers at provincial level, in the use of these tools, to enable them to deliver further training at commune level. f. Assist the National Committee for Disaster Management Secretariat to include climate resilience training at the commune level in the national disaster risk reduction program. g. Ensure that the environmental awareness and capacity building of the Project adequately covers the requirements for environmental safeguarding. h. Provide the Project Director and Project Manager with progress reports which cover environmental performance of all parties, training progress, issues outstanding and further actions recommended. 10. For Project implementation consultants (PIC) will include an Environmental Safeguards and Climate Change Specialist (ESCC) who will work with the ESO and assist the PSTs and commune councils to fulfil their environmental responsibilities in implementing subproject EMPs. The role of the ESCC/PIC will be to work as part of the implementing agency, helping them fulfil their supervision and monitoring responsibilities. The ESCC/PIC will also prepare inputs for the quarterly project progress report and semi-annual environmental monitoring reports for ADB. The ESCC/PIC will be contracted for the duration of the loan implementation period. 11. To enable effective national government oversight of the project, the innovative steering committee arrangement of TSSD will be continued, and will provide guidance to the executing and implementing agencies without creating excessive additional institutional burden. CARD will handle the steering committee functions as part of its regular meetings and other meetings as needed and will ensure that project performance is monitored throughout implementation up to completion. 12. Environmental monitoring during operation of the subprojects in the longer term is the responsibility of the commune. C. Summary of Potential Impacts
C1. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT 1. Upgrading of 2.786 km of Bos Sbov DBST Road, Banteay Meanchey Province 13. The proposed sub-project names the DBST Road construction of Bos Sbov Commune. This sub-project is located in Bos Sbov Commune, Preah Netr Preah District, Banteay Meanchey Province. This proposed sub-project is located about 20km eastern of Serei Saophoan City (the capital town of Banteay Meanchey Province) and the proect site could be reached through National Road 6 about 10km from the town and about 10km through Road No.268B and take about 30min. The Bos Sbov Commune is bounded by Sangkat Kampong Svay of Serei Saophoan City at the west, at the east side is bordered with Saroung and Ta Pho Commune of Svay Chek Commune and at the south is bounded by Sangkat Phneat of Serei Saophoan. 14. This proposed DSBT road construction sub-project of Bos Sbov Commune is linking two villages namely Kbal Khting and Bantoat Baoh to Road No.268B and National Road N.6. At the present, the proposed road is basically constructed earth road which had been used by people in two villages of Bos Sbov Commune and also used by other people from neighbor communes and the road condition is muddy, slippery while raining and flooded during wet season. Based on survey team of SSP6, the existing width of road is 5 m – 6.5 m (Photo 1).
pg. 21
Photo 1: Original condition of design road in Bos Sbov Commune, Banteay Meanchey Province
15. The proposed DBST road which originally in CIP is 2.78km length with 5 places of single pipe culverts (1000mm-diameter and 7m-length) and the designed dimension of the DBST is 2.78km with 5m-width, 1:1.5 of slide slopes with 5 places of single pipe culvert (1000mm-diameter and 7m-length). The estimation of construction of Bos Sbov DBST Road Sub-project is about 120 days. Based on typical cross section (
pg. 21 16. Figure 1), the total road shoulder is 1 meter width of both sides that will be grassed sod both sides. 17. Under achievement output of the DBST Road sub-project of the Bos Sbov, it is expected the road shall be easy given the people of the commune in communication to school, health center and other where with payment reduction, especial transportation of agricultural yields to the market. Table 2: Summary Scope of Work for DBST Road Sub-project in Bos Sbov commune
No. Description of work Unit Quantity 1 General Item Transportation of equipment to and from construction site with Fair road in 1.1 tone 40 19km-dist. 1.2 Mobilization of Contractor's staffs and labors to site LS 1 1.3 Site Camp, toilet preparation with electric and water supply LS 1 1.4 Site cleaning after completed works LS 1 2 Earthwork Bush and shrub clearing at sub-project output location by removing of top soil 2.1 m2 19,652.75 at least 15cm-thk 2.2 Soil cost and excavation for road embankment after compacted m3 2,847.15 Soil backfill and fill for road embankment with watering and compaction, no 2.3 m3 2,847.15 less than 98% Soil Transportation from borrow pit to construction site with fair road in 2 km- 2.4 m3 2,847.15 dist. Supplying and grassing on both side slope of road embankment and growth 2.5 m2 2,376.01 establishing 2.6 Laterite cost and excavation for road sub-base after compacted m3 1,716.18 Laterite/gravel backfill and fill for road embankment with watering and 2.7 m3 1,716.18 compaction, no less than 98% 2.8 Laterite/gravel Transportation to construction site with Fair road in 20 km-dist. m3 1,716.18 3 Structure and DBST 3.1 DBST-38mm m3 529.34 3.1a Crush Stone m3 3,172.42 3.2 Reinforced concrete M25 m3 24.65 3.3 Blinding concrete M10 m3 11.3 3.4 Mortar m3 0.12 Steel reinforcement as specified supplied, cut, bent and fixed securely in 3.5 Kg 1,630.60 place as shown on the drawings 3.6 RC pipe, 1m-dia. m 35 4 Miscellaneous 4.1 Temporary Benchmarks (TBM) no. 3 4.2 Project signboard no. 1 4.3 Traffic sign as required on approaches to road embankment (Provisional Qty.) no. 3 4.4 Quality material test (Laboratory) LS 1 5 Safety and environment control Environmental Health and Safety: first aids kit, Information board, Banners, 5.1 Environmental GRM board, sufficient barriers, sufficient safety equipment LS 1 (including hard hat, safety vest, mask, glove, boot,…) ... etc. 5.2 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) LS 1
pg. 11 Figure 1: Typical Cross Section of DBST Road Sub-project in Bos Sbov commune
pg. 12 2. Improvement of 6.056 km of Chi Meas SBST Road, Kampong Thom province 18. The proposed sub-project names the SBST Road is located Msar Krang and Kampong Chen Cheung Communes, Stoung District of Kampong Thom Province. This sub-project is located about 55km at the east west of Kampong Thom Town and this area could be accessed through National Road No. 6. At the present, the proposed road is basically constructed laterite road which had been used by people in six villages of these two communes. The road condition is muddy and slippery while raining and flooded if heavily rain. Based on survey team of SSP6, the existing width of road is 6.9 m – 9 m. Photo 2: Original condition of design road in Msar Krang and Kampong Chen Cheung Communes, Stoung District, Kampong Thom Province
19. The proposed subproject is link through Msar Krang Commune to Kampong Chen Cheung Commune was identified as prioritized and top-ranking sub-project of 59 target communes of Kampong Thom Province. This design standard of SBST pavement road improvement sub-project with 6.056km-length, 5m-width and 1:1.5 side slop with one (1) place of box culvert (4.7m-width, 7.5m-length) will be constructed to link Stoung capital town to Msar Krang and Kampong Chen Cheung Communes. Based on typical cross section ( 20. Figure), the total road shoulder is 1.2 meter width of both sides that will be grassed sod both sides. The total number of civil works of Chi Meas SBST pavement improvement project is about 210days. 21. Under achievement output of the SBST Road sub-project, it is expected the road shall be easy given the people of the commune in communication to school, health center and other where with payment reduction, especial transportation of agricultural yields to the market. Table 3: Summary Scope of Work for SBST Road Improvement Sub-project in Msar Krang and Kampong Chen Cheung Communes
Item Description of work Unit Quantity 1 General Item Transportation of equipment to and from construction site 1.1 tone 40 with good road in 5km-dist. 1.2 Mobilization of Contractor's staff and labour to site LS 1 Site Camp, toilet preparation with electric and water 1.3 LS 1 supply 1.4 Site cleaning after completed works LS 1 2 Earthwork Bush and shrub clearing at sub-project output location by 2.1 m2 47,357.48 removing of top soil at least 15cm-thk
pg. 13 Item Description of work Unit Quantity 160.00 2.2 Removing and disposal of the tree having 30cm.dia no. (Fruit trees) Soil cost and excavation for road embankment after 2.3 m3 21,858.71 compacted Soil backfill and fill for road embankment with watering 2.4 m3 21,858.71 and compaction, no less than 98% Soil transportation from borrow pit area to construction 2.5 m3 21,858.71 site with fair road in 3 km-dist. Supplying and grassing on both side slope of road 2.6 m2 10,917.56 embankment and growth establishing Laterite cost and excavation for road sub-base after 2.7 m3 3,471 compacted Laterite/gravel backfill and fill for road embankment with 2.8 m3 3,471 watering and compaction, no less than 98% Laterite/gravel Transportation to construction site with fair 2.9 m3 4,512.30 road in 30 km-dist. 3 Structure
3.1 SBST pavement (Include material transportation) m3 581.38
Base course/Crush stone 12mm-40mm ,CBR>80%, 3.2 m3 4,808.46 Compact 98%, (Include material transportation) 3.3 Remove existing structures and disposal LS 1 3.4 Temporary coffer dam and Detour m3 325 3.5 Soil excavation for bridge foundation. m3 103.79 Soil backfill and compaction, no less than 98% for Box 3.6 m3 24.60 Culvert Reinforced concrete M25 for cross drainages (Include 3.7 m3 32.12 material transportation) Blinding concrete M10 for cross drainages (Include 3.8 m3 3 material transportation) Cerement as specified supplied, cut and bent and fixed 3.9 securely in place as shown on the Drawings (Include Kg 4,497.12 material transportation) 3.10 Dowel Bar (Ø16) no. 10 3.11 PVC water stop (w=200mm) m 12.90 3.12 Steel U 50x50x3mm m 19.20 3.13 Gabion Mattress (6x2x0.3m) m3 12.61 3.14 Geo-Textile m2 60 4 Miscellaneous 4.1 Temporary Benchmarks (TBM) no. 7 4.2 Project Signboard no. 1 Traffic sign as required on approaches to Road 4.3 no. 20 embankment (Provisional Qty.) 4.4 Quality material test (Laboratory) LS 1 5 Safety and environment control
pg. 14 Item Description of work Unit Quantity Environment Health and Safety: first aids kit, Information board, Banners, Environmental GRM board, sufficient 5.1 barriers, social distancing (avoid Covid-19), sufficient LS 1 safety equipment (including hard hat, safety vest, mask, glove, boot,…) ... etc. 5.2 Environment management plan (EMP) LS 1
Figure 2: Typical Cross Section of SBST Road Improvement Sub-project in Msar Krang and Kampong Chen Cheung Communes
3. Construction of 7.388 km of Sandan - Dang Kambet Laterite Road, Kampong Thom Province 22. The proposed sub-project names the rehabilitation of Sandan-Dang Kambet laterite road. This laterite road located in Sandan and Dang Kambet commune, Sandan district, Kampong Thom province. Sandan is at the north of Kampong Thom provincial town, the district capital of Sandan is located around 70km north-east of the provincial capital town of Kampong Thom province. 23. As present, the proposed road is basically unconstructed earth road which had been used by people in three villages of these two communes. The road condition is muddy and slippery while raining and people could not be accessed if heavily rain, an old wooden bridge across Ou Touk have been constructed by people’s fund of Sandan commune but currently is almost unusable and another one wooden bridge also constructed by people in Dang Kambet Commune and it is unusable for heavy vehicles even two-wheel hand tractor or car. Based on survey team of SSP6, the existing width of road is 5 m – 15 m.
pg. 15 Photo 3: Existing Condition of two Bridges along the Proposed Laterite Road in Sandan-Dang Kambet, Kampong Thom province
24. The proposed subproject is link through Sandan Commune to Dang Kambet Commune was identified as prioritized and top ranking sub-project of 59 target communes of Kampong Thom Province. This proposed sub-project for construction of laterite pavement road with 7.39km-length, 4.5m-width and 1:1.5 side slop with 3 single pipe culverts (6.0m-diameters and 6.0m-length), a triple pipe culvert (600mm diameters and 6.0m length), a causeway (17.3m-width and 6.0m length) and a bridge (4.8m-width and 12.5m-length) will be constructed to link between Dan Kambet commune to Sandan commune which is the capital town of Sandan district. Based on typical cross section ( 25. Figure 3), the total road shoulder is 2 meter width of both sides that will be grassed sod both sides. 26. Under achievement output of the Laterite Road construction sub-project, it is expected the road shall be easy given the people of the commune in communication to school, health center and other where with payment reduction, especial transportation of agricultural yields to the market. Table 4: Summary Scope of Work for Sandan-Dang Kambet Laterite Road Sub-project in Sandan & Dang Kambet Communes
Item Description of work Unit Quantity 1 General Item Transportation of equipment to and from construction site with good road in 70 km- 1.1 tone 40 dist. 1.2 Mobilization of Contractor's staff and labour to site LS 1 1.3 Site Camp, toilet preparation with electric and water supply LS 1 1.4 Site cleaning after completed works LS 1 2 Earthwork Bush and shrub clearing at sub-project output location by removing of top soil at 2.1 m2 64,389.13 least 15cm-thk 225.00 (Fruit tree; 2.2 Removing and Disposal of the tree having 30cm.dia no. cashew nut, Banna …) 2.3 Soil cost and excavation for road embankment after compacted m3 69,664.32
Soil backfill and fill for road embankment with watering and compaction, no less 2.4 m3 69,664.32 than 98%
Soil transportation from borrow pit area to construction site with difficult road in 5 2.5 m3 69,664.32 km-dist. Supplying and grassing on both side slope of road embankment and growth 2.6 m2 30,352.79 establishing
pg. 16 Item Description of work Unit Quantity 2.7 Laterite cost and excavation for road pavement after compacted m3 7,912.55 Laterite/gravel backfill and fill for road embankment with watering and compaction, 2.8 m3 7,912.55 no less than 98% 2.9 Laterite/gravel Transportation to construction site with difficult road in 5 km-dist. m3 7,912.55 3 Structure 3.1 Reinforced concrete pavement M30 m3 30.69 3.2 Reinforced concrete M25 m3 150.02 3.3 Blinding concrete M10 m3 40.10 3.4 Mortar m3 2.05 Steel reinforcement as specified supplied, cut and bent and fixed securely in place 3.5 Kg 14,429.73 as shown on the Drawings
3.6 Stone Masonry m3 10.04
3.7 Pile 300 x 300 m 96 3.8 Gabion Mattress (6x2x0.3m) m3 39.60 3.9 Geo-Textile m2 132 3.10 RC pipe, 0.6m-dia. m 138 4 Miscellaneous 4.1 Temporary Benchmarks (TBM) no. 6 4.2 Project Sign Board no. 1 4.3 Traffic sign as required on approaches to Road embankment (Provisional Qty.) no. 15 4.4 Quality material test (Laboratory) LS 1 5 Safety and environment control Environmental Health and Safety: first aids kit, Information board, Banners, Environmental GRM board, sufficient barriers, social distancing (avoid Covid-19), 5.1 LS 1 sufficient safety equipment (including hard hat, safety vest, mask, glove, boot,…) ... etc. 5.2 Environment management plan (EMP) LS 1
Figure 3: Typical Cross Section of Sandan-Dang Kambet Laterite Road Sub-project in Sandan & Dang Kambet Communes
pg. 17 4. Construction of 3.497 km of Kampong Trabeak SBST Road, Prey Veng Province 27. The proposed sub-project names the SBST Road construction of Kampong Trabaek Commune, Kampong Trabaek District, Prey Veng Province. This proposed sub-project is located about 57km south east of Prey Veng town and it could be accessed through National Road 11 and National Road No 1. The Kampong Trabaek Commune is bordered by Prasat and Kansoma Ak Commune at the east, Krang Savay and Sena Reach Odorm Commune of Preah Sdach Commune at the west, Peam Muntea Commune at the south and Sdoa Kaong Commune of Ba Phnom District at the north. Based on survey team of SSP6, the existing width of road is 4 m – 6 m. Photo 4: Original condition of design road in Kampong Trabaek commune, Prey Veng Province
28. Designed dimension standards of SBST Road in Kampong Trabaek Commune are 3.497km-length, 5m-width, SBST pavement. The construction of Kampong Trabaek SBST Road Sub-Project is estimated about 90days (3 months). Based on typical cross section ( 29. Figure 4), the total road shoulder is 1 meter width of both sides that will be grassed sod both sides. 30. Under achievement output of the SBST Road sub-project, it is expected the road shall be easy given the people of the commune in communication to school, health center and other where with payment reduction, especial transportation of agricultural yields to the market. Table 5: Summary Scope of Work for Kampong Trabaek SBST Road Sub-Project
Item Description of work Unit Quantity 1 General Item Transportation of equipment to and from construction site with good tone 40 1.1 road in 13 km-dist. 1.2 Mobilization of Contractor's staffs and labors to site LS 1 1.3 Site camp, toilet preparation with electric and water supply LS 1 1.4 Site cleaning after completed works LS 1 2 Earthwork Bush and shrub clearing at sub-project output location by removing 2.1 m2 26,053.90 of top soil at least 15cm-thk 115 2.2 Removing and disposal of the trees having a 30cm dia nos. (Fruit tree) 2.3 Soil cost and excavation for road embankment after compacted m3 11,508.78
pg. 18 Item Description of work Unit Quantity Soil backfill and fill for road embankment with watering and 2.4 m3 11,508.78 compaction, no less than 95% Soil Transportation from borrow pit to construction site with fair road 2.5 m3 11,508.78 in 2 km-dist. Supplying and grassing on both side slopes of road embankment 2.6 m2 6,749.59 and growth establishing 2.7 Laterite cost and excavation for Sub-base after compacted m3 1,986.30 Laterite/gravel backfill and fill for road Laterite with watering and 2.8 m3 1,986.30 compaction, no less than 98% Laterite/gravel Transportation to construction site with good road in 2.9 m3 1,986.30 14 km-dist. 3 Structure 3.1 SBST pavement (Include material transportations) m3 335.71 Base course/Crush stone 12mm-40mm ,CBR>80%, Compact 98%, 3.2 m3 2,776.62 (Include material transportations) 4 Miscellaneous 4.1 Temporary Benchmarks (TBM) nos. 2 4.2 Project Sign Board nos. 1 Traffic sign as required on approaches to road embankment 4.3 nos. 3 (Provisional Qty.) 4.4 Quality material test (Laboratory) LS 1 5 Safety and environment control Environmental Health and Safety: first aids kit, Information board, Banners, Environmental GRM board, sufficient barriers, social 5.1 LS 1 distancing (avoid Covid-19), sufficient safety equipment (including hard hat, safety vest, mask, glove, boot,…) ... etc. 5.2 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) LS 1
Figure 4: Typical Cross Section of Kampong Trabaek SBST Road Sub-Project
pg. 19
5. Rehabilitation of 8.993 km of Svay Sar Earth Road, Siem Reap province 31. The proposed sub-project names the rehabilitation of earth road. This Earth road located in Svay Sar commune, Varin district, Siem Reap province. This commune is located around 100km north of the provincial capital town of Siem Reap and about 10km from Varin district. 32. The sub-project was originally constructed by the Khmer Rouge Regime in about 1977. The compaction of the road embankment was done manually, pooling a mass of people to do the required filling and compaction. As a result, the facilities did not last long under extreme weather conditions like heavy rains and floods. Based on survey team of SSP6, the existing width of road is 4 m – 8 m. Photo 5: Original condition of design road in Svay Sar Commune, Varin District, Siem Reap Province
33. The commune has proposed to improve the road by rehabilitating the earth road
pg. 20 for 8.993km of length with the road width of 6m and install the 5 single pipe culverts and expected that after the subproject is completed the construction works, the people in commune have a good road for communication ease from where to other where such as health center, school, market, public service, etc. with minimizing of traveling period and payment. Based on typical cross section (
pg. 21 Figure 5), the total road shoulder is 1 meter width of both sides that will be grassed sod both sides. The completion deadline for each construction schedules at least consist three months. Table 6: Summary Scope of Work for Earth Road Rehabilitation Sub-Project in Svay Sar Commune
Item Description of work Unit Quantity 1 General Item Transportation of equipment to and from construction site with fair 1.1 ton 40 road in 51 km-dist. 1.2 Mobilization of Contractor's staff and labour to site LS 1 1.3 Site Camp, toilet preparation with electric and water supply LS 1 1.4 Site cleaning after completed works LS 1 2 Earthwork Bush and shrub clearing at sub-project output location by removing 2.1 m2 65,678 of top soil at least 15cm-thk 30.00 2.2 Removing and disposal of the trees having a 30cm dia nos. (Fruit tree) 2.3 Existing road excavation m3 1,428.98 2.4 Soil cost and excavation for road embankment after compacted m3 36,652.50 Soil backfill and fill for road embankment with watering and 2.5 m3 38,081.48 compaction, no less than 98% Soil Transportation from borrow pit to construction site with fair road 2.6 m3 36,652.50 in 3 km-dist. Supplying and grassing on both side slope of road embankment and 2.7 m2 14,035.74 growth establishing 3 Structure Reinforced concrete M25 for cross drainages (Include material 3.1 m3 15.92 transportations) Blinding concrete M10 for cross drainages (Include material 3.2 m3 8.42 transportations) 3.3 Mortar (Include material transportation) m3 0.10 Steel reinforcement as specified supplied, cut and bent and fixed 3.4 securely in place as shown on the Drawings (Include material Kg 807.32 transportation) 3.5 RC pipe, 0.6m-dia. (Include material transportation) m 14 3.6 RC pipe, 0.8m-dia. (Include material transportation) m 21 4 Miscellaneous 4.1 Temporary Benchmarks (TBM) nos. 2 4.2 Project Sign Board nos. 1 Traffic sign as required on approaches to Road embankment 4.3 nos. 3 (Provisional Qty.) 4.4 Quality material test (Laboratory) LS 1 5 Safety and environment control Environmental Health and Safety: first aids kit, Information board, Banners, Environmental GRM board, sufficient barriers, social 5.1 LS 1 distancing (avoid Covid-19), sufficient safety equipment (including hard hat, safety vest, mask, glove, boot,…) ... etc. 5.2 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) LS 1
pg. 22 Figure 5: Typical Cross Section of Earth Road Rehabilitation Sub-Project in Svay Sar Commune
C2. Anticipated Environmental Impacts 34. The assessment areas for air, noise, water, and ecological impacts are defined by the technical guidelines for environmental standards cited from national legislation and other applicable guideline and legislation which are summarized in IEE, based on the environmental sensitivity of the project areas and surroundings as well as the nature of the subproject and its components. The assessment areas for the village road component is shown in Table below. Table 7: Assessment Areas of the Village Road Rehabilitation Subproject
Environmental Aspects Assessment Area
- Air Within 50 meter (m) on both sides from the road center line in village areas (to cover all distances of dust and emissions impacts during construction).
- Noise Within 300 m in the day and 50 m at night on both sides from the road center line in village areas (to cover all distances of noise impacts during construction).
- Surface water Nearest permanent waterbody (canal or river).
- Groundwater Any shallow domestic wells adjacent to (within 20 m) of road construction activities.
- Solid waste Adjoining village and paddy areas where waste could be deposited intentionally or accidently.
- Ecology/Vegetation Within 5 m both sides of the road center line.
- Physical cultural resources Construction “footprint”
pg. 23 Environmental Aspects Assessment Area
- Occupational health & safety Construction “footprint” and adjoining access ways and properties.
- Community health & safety Residences and farmers working areas adjacent to construction sites. All road users.
i. UXO and Borrow pit. Land mine or UXO risk is widespread in Cambodia including the provinces in which the proposed road subproject will be conducted. The works are to upgrading the existing road. Nevertheless, a risk remains since there may be deep seated anti-tank mines that could be exploded by heavy construction equipment and shallow ordnance may be uncovered during the works. For replacement of any drainage structures, these threats are increasing as many of UXO are moved along rivers and streams during flooding time. The SSP6 consultant shall engage an UXO specialist to determine the level of risk for each of the irrigation subproject, and advice on the need for clearance. Any clearance that is required will be undertaken through the civil work contracts, by the engagement of qualified local UXO clearance firms. The contractor shall only commence site work after the UXO clearance firm has certified that areas are already cleared. ii. Loss of Vegetation. Trees and vegetation along the road in villages provide fruit and other products, protect residences from sun and wind and adjacent agricultural land from dust and run-off. Loss of mature native trees and productive fruit trees in these areas should be minimized. Before construction in all areas, the implementing agency’s ESO and contractor will clearly mark trees which are to be retained. Contractors will convey these requirements to all machinery operators and residents to ensure that valuable trees are not damaged. After construction, removed trees and productive shrubs will be replanted and paid following the resettlement policy. iii. Loss of assets. The width of the village road (the existing width is 5 – 7 m while the proposed width village road is 8m including road shoulder) and construction work envelope will result in the loss of some built and livelihood assets. These have been documented by the PPTA team and informed consent. Again, on October 2018, the data on loss of assets are updated and informed to local people. The appropriate compensation will be implemented in compliance with ADB’s SPS 2009 and it is under responsibility of social safeguard specialist/PIC and SSS/D&S Consultant in cooperation with ESO. iv. Features of Detailed Design. The design of subproject will be flood resilient and climate change adapted. Measures for flood resilience and climate change adaptation have been drawn from the project’s climate and disaster risk assessment (CDRA), which references the ADB’s Guidelines for Climate Proofing in the Transport Sector, and current ADB Climate Resilience projects in Cambodia. For the village road subproject these include: (i) road and embankment heights, construction and surface finishes which combine flood resistance and flood resilience; and (ii) multiple large drainage structures to ensure unconstrained through-drainage of floodwaters. v. Construction Readiness. A number of environmental management measures will also be implemented in the pre-construction phase to ensure that appropriate plans and documentation to determine environmental performance of construction and operation of subprojects are in place. These include: a. Updating EMP: mitigation measures defined in this EMP will be incorporated into the detailed design to minimize adverse environmental impacts. This will be the responsibility of the commune councils and PST. b. Final designs of embankments, siting of control structures and canal alignments will be completed after taking into account the provisions of the EMP.
pg. 24 c. Contract documents: preparation of the environment section in the TOR for bid and construction contracts, and environmental contract clauses for contractors, namely the special conditions (referencing the EMP and monitoring plan). This will be the responsibility of the commune councils with the support of the ESCC. d. Establishment of the GRM during the subproject design. e. Environmental protection training: environmental specialists (including ESCC) and/or officials from local MoE offices will be invited to provide training on implementation and supervision of environmental mitigation measures to contractors. This will be the responsibility of the commune councils and PST. vi. Spoil disposal. Some subproject road subproject will involve the disposal of excavated spoil since all will be used in the reformation of road base and side batters, and there will be a bulk importation of material for building up the road profile. Any surplus spoil will be made available to nearby communities for use as flood free refuge areas for livestock, building pads and bunds. vii. Air quality. The temporary impacts on air quality in the construction stage of the village road rehabilitation are anticipated because of fugitive dust generation associated with all construction works, earth works and waste movements. viii. Noise Disturbance. Noise can be expected during construction due to construction machinery operation and transport activities. Construction activities will involve haulage vehicles, bulldozers, excavators, concrete-mixing plants, rollers, and other heavy machinery. The transport of material, aggregate, concrete, and waste material to and from sites will also cause noise impacts along the haulage routes. Activities with intensive noise levels will not only have an impact on the residents, but may also cause injury to construction workers operating the equipment. According to the model, noise levels at different distances are gained after calculating the impact scope of equipment noise during construction as detailed in IEE. The Cambodian noise standards for residential areas are shown as well as the International Finance Corporation’s EHS standards. The results show that, if construction machinery is used singly, the impact distance is >150m away from the source during the day and about 300 m at night. However, it will often be the case that a number of machines will be at use simultaneously during construction, and the noise impact scope will be consequently larger. Although, noise impacts will be temporary and localized at all construction sites as construction machinery and vehicles generate noise as they operate. Also there is a primary school and a number of houses within 50 m of the road alignment. The locations of these sensitive receptors are shown on Figure 6. Figure 6: Sensitive Receptors at Five Road Subproject A. Bos Sbov DBST road subproject B. Kampong Trabaek SBST road subproject
TSSD-AF Road
C. Svay Sar Earth Road Rehabilitation D. Chi Meas DBST road subproject
pg. 25 TSSD-AF TSSD-AF Road Road
E. Sandan Dang Kambet laterite road
TSSD-AF Road
Source: D&S Consultant, 2018 ix. Surface Water. Surface Water will be polluted from human waste, oil contamination, and other hazardous material during construction phase. Short term construction impacts may be seen in terms of increased turbidity, when access roads improvement or other construction is taking place adjacent to the canals. x. Erosion of disturbed surfaces. The cleared construction surface for the village road subproject is estimated at almost 20,000 m2. The most effective erosion control will be interception drainage to protect disturbed surfaces from surface flows. Construction plans will include erosion control prescriptions for construction work areas, including (i) constructing intercepting ditches and drains to prevent runoff entering construction sites, and diverting runoff from sites to sediment traps and then to existing drainage; (ii) limiting construction and material handling during periods of rains and high winds; and (iii) stabilizing all cut slopes, embankments, and other erosion-prone working areas while works are going on. All earthwork disturbance areas shall be stabilized within 30 days after earthworks have ceased at the sites. xi. Solid Waste Management. Impacts on resource use and impacts associated with disposal will arise from waste generated during construction. This includes generation of wastes e.g. demolition waste (any waste from the demolition of unrepairable sluice and gate structures), dredge spoil, and waste from worker camps. xii. Community and Occupational Health and Safety. Safety and health of both workers and residents may be threatened by construction activities. Numerous workers will gather within the construction site, with potentially relatively low living conditions such as unclean water, poor food, and increased risk of diseases infection and transmission. Surrounding residents may also be affected by noise and dust. Workers will confront construction safety risks as well. In an addition, some sections of the project construction are located near residential areas where a drunken person and children will possibly fall into digging hole and/or get injury. Movement of heavy equipment/truck will cause on traffic accident to local people or students. Measures to protect the community will include:
pg. 26 o Publicizing planned work schedules and locations well in advance of construction. o Planning construction activities (including demolition work) so as to minimize disturbances to residents, utilities and services. Temporary land occupation will be planned well ahead of construction to minimize its impact on seasonal agricultural activities. In particular construction adjacent to paddy fields during rice planting or harvesting should be avoided or carried on strictly in consultation with the appropriate farm operator. All land will be reinstated to its original condition after construction o Implementing safety measures around the construction sites to protect the public, including warning signs to alert the public to potential safety hazards, and barriers to prevent public access to construction sites and unsafe areas Measures to ensure occupational health and safety will include: o Contractors shall be required by the commune councils to ensure that their workers and other staff engaged in the proposed constructions are in a safe environment. o Following the award of construction contracts, the successful contractors will prepare site environmental health and safety plan, for approval by the commune councils and PST. o Contractors shall ensure that: (a) all reasonable steps are taken to protect any person on the site from health and safety risks; (b) the construction site is a safe and healthy workplace; (c) machineries and equipment are safe; (d) adequate training or instruction for occupational health and safety is provided; (e) adequate supervision of safe work systems is implemented; and (f) means of access to and egress from the site are without risk to health and safety o Construction vehicles will drive at low speeds, especially at market, school, hospital, urban area For contractors with on-going and new civil works contracts where there are additional risks present in the workers camps of coronavirus infection spreading due over-crowding and lower standards of hygiene being maintained with the recruitment of labourers from outside of the area posing risks of importing infection that could spread to local communities. To prevent the spread of COVID 19 are presented as the following: o The contractor will provide safe, suitable and comfortable accommodation, kitchen, dining and sanitary facilities (toilet and bath); with an ample supply of clean water and the bathrooms have liquid soap provided for hand washing. o First aid supplies and personal protected equipment (PPE) will be provided for workers including face masks. o Camp surroundings will be kept clean to prevent the spread of other vermin and insect vectors of disease. . o A trained H&S officer will be designated by the contractor to ensure the proper implementation of the environment, health and safety programs and induction and training of the workforce during the construction phase. o For security and to maintain order in the camp and to avoid social conflicts with the local residents, camp rules will be strictly enforced including a night-time curfew. o The contractors H&S plans will be updated to reflect the risk mitigation measures in respect of CoVID-19 and these need to be reviewed by the SSP6 Engineers and Environment Safeguard Specialist to provide recommendations to the MOE/PIU and to monitor the implementation of these H&S plans.
pg. 27 o Special precautions will be included to provide for enhanced cleanliness on site for the workers and ensuring that over-crowding of dormitories and canteen facilities are avoided to enable adequate social distancing and re regularly disinfected. o The hiring of local unskilled labor from within the villages will be maximized to avoid the importation of laborers from other areas, and for skilled workers who are not from the area they should avoid close interaction with residents in the villages. o All persons who are working on the construction site will be advised to immediately report any symptoms of CoVID-19 to the site manager immediately and make arrangements to self-isolate to avoid the risk of spreading infection. o The H&S officer at the construction site will be equipped with a digital thermometer to enable them to regularly check the temperatures of anyone who shows symptoms. xiii. Socio-Economic Impacts (Accessibility). The rehabilitation of Village Road will require the excavation of parts of the existing road. The people are living along the road. The community in and around the area will be disrupted by the noise and dust, as described above, and also by localized turbidity and potentially impaired access. Loss of assets. The alignment of the village road, canals, and working envelope will result in the loss of some built and livelihood assets. These have been documented by the PPTA team and informed consent and appropriate compensation will be implemented in compliance with ADB’s SPS 2009. The updated number of affected assets and household will be revised and responded by social and resettlement team. xiv. Traffic Jam: Some heavy equipment (heavy trucks, bulldozers, backhoes, etc.) will be brought into the construction area for excavation and construction works. They will only be transported in and out during the construction period and in relatively small numbers. During construction phase, this impact will be reduced and avoided if contractor implements some mitigation measures as below: o Drivers must respect to traffic law and drive slowly and carefully o Construction vehicles will drive at low speeds, especially at market, school, hospital, urban areas… o All construction equipment and trucks must park at safe parking areas o All construction equipment and trucks must check quality control regularly o Keep road space or bypass for travelers to avoid traffic jams. o Minimizing pedestrian interaction with construction vehicle o Collaboration with local communities and responsible authorities to improve signage, visibility and overall safety of roads, particularly along stretches located near schools or other locations where children may be present. o Collaborating with local communities on education about traffic and pedestrian safety (e.g. school education campaigns) o Coordination with emergency responders to ensure that appropriate first aid is provided in the event of accidents o Using locally sourced materials, whenever possible, to minimize transport distances. Locating associated facilities such as worker camps close to project sites and arranging worker bus transport to minimizing external traffic o Employing safe traffic control measures, including road signs and flag persons to warn of dangerous conditions
pg. 28 C3. Mitigation Measures 35. The mitigation measures will be incorporated into the tender documents, construction contracts, and operational management procedures. Contractors, Key Implementation Agencies, PST and CC will implement these measures, depending upon sub-project phases. The effectiveness of these measures will be carefully monitored to confirm if improvements needed.
pg. 29 Table 8: Summary of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impacts and Who Total Cost Items Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Who Implements Issues Supervises (USD) 1. Pre-construction 1.1. Design stage Final Site Designs Final designs of embankments, siting of control CC and Engineer/D&S IA Design cost structures and road alignments will be completed Consultant after taking into account all the provisions of the EMP (below). Final alignment of road, embankments and drainage structures will be completed after taking into account all the provisions of the EMP (below). At all sites, trees to be retained will be clearly marked. Baseline water quality Establish baseline water quality for surface CC and NES/D&S IA Included in water and groundwater (see monitoring plan). Consultant monitoring costs 1.2 Construction Environmental management - Confirm budgets for the implementation of CC and NES/D&S IA Included in Preparation Stage budget environmental management measures Consultant Design Costs and environmental supervisory responsibilities. - Assign final budget allocations against each of items in the EMP Incorporate environmental Contract documents: Preparation of the CC and NES/D&S IA Design Costs management into contract environment section in the Terms of Reference Consultant documents for bidders for construction contracts, and environmental contract clauses for contractors, namely the special conditions for the protection of the water, soil and air environments (referencing the EMP and monitoring plan). 1.3 Construction Environmental Education Environmental Protection Training: PIC ESCC/PIC IA - support awareness Environment Specialist and/or Environment preparation. Safeguard officer will be invited to provide on- the-job training on implementation and supervision of environmental mitigation measures to IA, CC, PST and contractors.
Page | 30 Environmental Impacts and Who Total Cost Items Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Who Implements Issues Supervises (USD) Complaints procedures The Project Grievance Redress Mechanism CC and NES/D&S IA Part of Design established will be established and contact persons for the Consultant Costs sub-project provided to affected persons and included on sign boards at construction sites, camps and each village. Site planning/Construction Prepare a construction environmental Contractors NCDD, CC, Included in civil Environmental Management management plan, including an emergency PST and D&S work contract Plan (CEMP) preparedness and response guideline for Consultant construction emergencies and site health and safety guidelines. 1.4 UXO Safety Risks due to presence In the event unexpected ordinance (UXO) Contractors NCDD, CC, Included in civil of UXO clearance is needed, the services of a PST, PIC and work contract reputable and experiences mine security D&S organization, acceptable to the CC or NCDD, Consultant will be engaged to carry out and then certify that the project area is clear of UXO.
1.5 Borrow Pit High level of dust due to - All sources of rock, aggregate and fill for Contractors NCDD, CC, Included in civil excavation works, loading of construction will be identified and PST, PIC and work contract trucks which could be caused contracted with licensed quarry and borrow D&S to air quality. In addition, operators. Sites to be approved by CC. Consultant increased noise level in the - Due to very depth of excavation of borrow area due to operation pit, it is hazard to community, animal, and equipment of movement of people, particularly cow boy during rainy trucks. It is possibility of season. Therefore, the contractor shall ground water contamination ensure that the preventive and protective from water ponding in the measures will be established that will borrow pits. include: o Define/agree with site engineer on the depth of soil excavation o Berm protection will be applied then animal and/or people can clam up when falling down into.
Page | 31 Environmental Impacts and Who Total Cost Items Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Who Implements Issues Supervises (USD) o Warning sign with reflection will be applied surrounding borrow pit.
1.6 Development Labor will be required during The contractor is required: Contractors NCDD, CC, Included in civil of Environment, construction, therefore, it will PST, PIC and work contract - Contractor to designate an Environmental Health and Safety include skill or non-skill D&S Health and Safety officer to implement and Guideline in workers, operators, surveyors, monitor CEMP and health and safety Consultant cooperate in and construction supervisors. guidelines. CEMP Due to the limited number of workers from time to time - To orient/train workers regularly to ensure during the construction, so they know CEMP and health and safety requirements. Training will be conducted there is relatively small scale by responsible person who are working on and the construction activities Environment, Health and Safety. is expected to be completed within one year. 2. Construction Phase 2.1 Water pollution Human wastes from Provision of sanitary facilities (toilets, burying, Contractors NCDD, CC, Included in civil from human waste, construction. An adverse etc.) with proper waste treatment and disposal PST, PIC and work contract oil contamination, environmental impact could will be provided by contractors. D&S and other occur during the construction Consultant hazardous phase from workers feces and material. domestic wastes. This will generate flies and transmitted diseases which will possibly result to sanitation issue in the areas. Hazardous materials such as To prevent pollution of soil and surface Contractors NCDD, CC, Included in civil fuels, oil, cement and water/groundwater: PST and D&S work contract chemicals (i) Storage facilities for fuels, oil, cement, Consultant and chemicals will be within secured areas on impermeable surfaces, provided with bunds and clean up installations; (ii) Vehicle, machinery, and equipment
Page | 32 Environmental Impacts and Who Total Cost Items Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Who Implements Issues Supervises (USD) maintenance and re-fueling will be carried out in such a way that spilled materials do not seep into the soil. All truck and vehicle need to be maintained regularly. (iii) Oil traps will be provided for service areas and parking areas; (iv) Fuel storage and refilling areas will be located at least 50m from canals and channels and will be protected by temporary drainage bunds to contain spills.
2.2 Air Air quality Equipment will be maintained to a high Contractor NCDD, CC, Included in civil standard to ensure efficient running and fuel- PST, PIC and work contract burning. All vehicle emission will be in D&S compliance with relevant Cambodian emission Consultant standards. Dust Material stocking and concrete mixing Contractors NCDD, CC, Included in civil equipment will be equipped with dust shrouds. PST, PIC and work contract Vehicles carrying soil, sand, or other fine D&S materials to and from the construction sites will Consultant be covered. For both construction sites and construction Contractors NCDD, CC, Included in civil roads, water spraying for suppression of dust PST, PIC and work contract and maintenance of driving surface will be D&S standard site management practices. Consultant
2.3 Noise and Noise impacts on sensitive - Construction at lunch and night within Contractors NCDD, CC, Included in civil Vibration receivers 280m of residences shall be strictly PST, PIC and work contract prohibited. D&S Consultant - During daytime construction, the contractor will ensure that: (i) sites for concrete mixing plants and similar activities will be located at least 1 km away from residences and
Page | 33 Environmental Impacts and Who Total Cost Items Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Who Implements Issues Supervises (USD) schools, and (ii) temporary anti-noise barriers will be installed to shield any schools or residences within 100m of the construction site.
2.4 Solid wastes Demolition or construction - Any waste from the demolition of un- Contractors NCDD, CC, Included in civil waste repairable sluice and gate structures will be PS, PIC and work contract either sold to building materials recyclers or D&S collected and transported to official landfill Consultant sites. Metal parts, including pump and pipe will be broken up and sold to scrap metal merchants. - Any excess spoil will be made available to nearby communities for use as building pads and bunds. - There will be no dumping of spoil on adjacent land unless agreement reached with land owner in advance and compensation agreed for any damage. Written agreements should be attached to semi-annual safeguards monitoring report.
Domestic waste from worker Contractors will provide disposal facilities and Contractors NCDD, CC, Included in civil camps sufficient garbage bins at strategic locations PST, PIC and work contract and ensure that they are (i) protected from D&S birds and vermin; (ii) emptied regularly (using Consultant the nearest township solid waste system and landfill); and (iii) Do not overflow.
2.5 Soil erosion Erosion from main reservoir - Erosion control will include (i) limiting Contractors NCDD, CC, Included in civil and ecology and construction sites. construction and material handling during PST and D&S work contract periods of rains and high winds; and (ii) Consultant stabilizing all cut slopes, embankments, and other erosion-prone working areas while works are going on.
Page | 34 Environmental Impacts and Who Total Cost Items Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Who Implements Issues Supervises (USD) - All earthwork disturbance areas shall be stabilized within 30 days after earthworks have creased at the sites. - All tree along the road to be protected from construction activities if they are not required to be removed. Flora - All trees over 3m in construction sites to Contractor NCDD, CC, Including in civil be protected from construction activities if PST and D&S work contract they are not required to be removed. Consultant - Borrow sites will not be selected within forested areas and will be vegetated with native species following re-contouring. 2.6 Social and Impacts to local cultural sites - Contractors will ensure that all local Contractors NCDD, CC, Included in civil Cultural Maintaining access and cultural sites (including shrines and PST and D&S work contract Damage restoration graves) will be kept clear of construction Consultant material and protected from dust and other disturbance. - Access to these sites will not be impeded. - Access to property, land and water supply will be maintained at all times. - After construction is finished the site will be restored to pre-project condition, unless otherwise agreed with owner. The PIC will confirm clean-up is adequate and confirmed in semi-annual environmental monitoring report. 2.7 Environment, Community health and safety. Community health and safety will be Contractors NCDD, CC, Included in civil Health, and Safety The construction activities will safeguarded by: PST and D&S work contract be done through the relevant - Contractor will provide sufficient signage Consultant communes. giving community health and safety warnings and information disclosure within all construction sites to community. - Planning construction activities so as to
Page | 35 Environmental Impacts and Who Total Cost Items Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Who Implements Issues Supervises (USD) minimize disturbances to residents, utilities and services. Temporary land occupation will be planned well ahead of construction to minimize its impact. Land will be re-instated to its original condition after construction. - Implementing safety measures around the construction sites to protect the public, including warning signs to alert the public to potential safety hazards, and barriers to prevent public access to construction sites. Occupational Health and Measures to ensure occupational health and Contractors NCDD, CC, Included in civil Safety. Some workers will be safety will include: PST, PIC and work contract recruited for construction - Contractor shall be required by the PMU D&S activities and workers' camp to ensure that their workers and other Consultant will be constructed. These will staff engaged in the proposed include non-skilled workers, constructions are in a safe environment. operators and drivers as well - Contractors shall ensure that (i) all as surveyors and construction reasonable steps are taken to protect any supervisors. Since the works person on the site from health and safety will be relatively small scale risks; (ii) the construction site is a safe and expected to be completed and healthy workplace; (iii) machineries within one and a half year, and equipment are safe; (iv) adequate large numbers of workers are training or instruction for occupational not expected. However, safety health and safety is provided; (v) and health impacts will be also adequate supervision of safe work systems is implemented; and (vi) means expected. of access to and egress from the site are without risk to health and safety. - Contractor shall ensure that all workers are equipped with, and use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - Contractor will provide sufficient signage giving occupational health and safety
Page | 36 Environmental Impacts and Who Total Cost Items Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Who Implements Issues Supervises (USD) warnings and information disclosure within all construction sites. - Contractor shall provide first aid kit for urgent and small case accident. - Contractor shall provide details of weekly/monthly toolbox meetings (safety briefings) Overcrowding of dormitories SSP6 Engineers/PST Leaders will be Contractor NCDD, CC, Included in civil and canteen facilities as well responsible for ensuring that: PST, PIC and work contract as lack of adequate hygiene - The contractor will provide safe, suitable D&S will greatly increase the risk of and comfortable accommodation, kitchen, Consultant more infections and of the dining and sanitary facilities (toilet and chance of spreading to the bath); with an ample supply of clean water village level through the local and the bathrooms have liquid soap unskilled labourers that are provided for hand washing. working on the site. - First aid supplies and personal protected equipment (PPE) will be provided for workers including face masks. - Camp surroundings will be kept clean to prevent the spread of other vermin and insect vectors of disease. - A trained H & S officer will be designated by the contractor to ensure the proper implementation of the environment, health and safety programs and induction and training of the workforce during the construction phase. - For security and to maintain order in the camp and to avoid social conflicts with the local residents, camp rules will be strictly enforced including a nighttime curfew. - The contractors H&S plans will be updated
Page | 37 Environmental Impacts and Who Total Cost Items Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Who Implements Issues Supervises (USD) to reflect the risk mitigation measures in respect of CoVID-19 and these need to be reviewed by the SSP6 Engineers and Environment Safeguard Specialist to provide recommendations to the MOE/PIU and to monitor the implementation of these H&S plans. - Special precautions will be included to provide for enhanced cleanliness on site for the workers and ensuring that over- crowding of dormitories and canteen facilities are avoided to enable adequate social distancing and re regularly disinfected. - The hiring of local unskilled labor from within the villages will be maximized to avoid the importation of laborers from other areas, and for skilled workers who are not from the area they should avoid close interaction with residents in the villages. - All persons who are working on the construction site will be advised to immediately report any symptoms of CoVID-19 to the site manager immediately and make arrangements to self-isolate to avoid the risk of spreading infection. - The H&S Officer at the construction site will be equipped with a digital thermometer to enable them to regularly check the temperatures of anyone who shows symptoms. 2.8 Road safety Some heavy equipment (heavy The contractor is required to implement some Contractor NCDD, CC, Included in civil /accident (by trucks, bulldozers, backhoes, mitigation measures as follow: PST, PIC and work contract
Page | 38 Environmental Impacts and Who Total Cost Items Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Who Implements Issues Supervises (USD) transportation of etc.) will be brought to the - Construction vehicles will comply with D&S heavy trucks…) construction areas for national speed limitation. Consultant construction works. They will - Construction vehicles will drive at low only be transported in and out speeds, especially at market, school, during the construction period hospital, urban areas. and in relatively small - Keep road spaces or bypass for travelers numbers. Even though the to avoid traffic jams. project area is not populated (rural area), no serious - Vehicles for construction should park at disturbance is envisaged; but it designated safe places. will possibly cause accidence - Water spraying should be applied as to local communities and needed to ensure there is no dust/air dusty. pollution in local community (See 2.2. Air). 2.9 Transmitted Workers will be recruited for The contractor will be required Contractor NCDD, CC, - Disease (e.g. HIV construction activities and - To develop a guideline on health and PST, PIC and …) workers’ camp will be safety management during construction. D&S constructed. These will include Consultant - To orient/train the workers on health and non-skilled workers, operators HIV program. and drivers as well as surveyors and construction supervisors with different gender. Thus, transmitted diseases, especially HIV, will be also expected. 2.10 Conflict Workers will be recruited for Contractor is required to implement the Contractor NCDD, CC, - between the construction activities and mitigation measures as follow: PST, PIC and workers and workers camp will be - The guideline on staff management, D&S community constructed. These will include internal policy and internal rule should be Consultant non-skilled workers, operators prepared in advance or at the same time and drivers as well as of preparing the site planning or called surveyors and construction construction environmental management supervisor. Since the works plan (CEMP). will be relatively small scale - Site manager or staff who is responsible
Page | 39 Environmental Impacts and Who Total Cost Items Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Who Implements Issues Supervises (USD) and expected to be completed for environment, health and safety should within one year large numbers regularly orient/train workers or staff to of workers are not expected. avoid any conflict may happen in But conflict will be also advance. expected. Worker’s camp Some workers will be recruited The contractor shall: Contractor NCDD, CC, Including in the issue for construction activities; - Train workers on environmental PST, PIC and civil work including non-skilled workers, management and sanitation and D&S contract operators and drivers as well working safety, Consultant as surveyors and construction - Provide sufficient waste bin for supervisors. Since the works temporary storage before transporting will be relatively small scale to dispose at safe dump site where and expected to be completed approved by local authority. within 1 year, large numbers of - Clean labor’s camp after movement to workers are not expected. This other place will have minor impact as long - Provide a sanitary toilet for workers as their living quarters will be situated away from the nearby communities and careful attention has to be paid to the sanitary conditions around the camp site. 2.11 Damage on Based on design team, the The contractor shall: Contractor NCDD, CC, Including in the trees along the tree along the existing road will - Avoid to clear the trees as much as PST, PIC and civil work bank of existing be affected during clearing possible D&S contract road. activities. Consultant - Re-planting trees will be considered in consultation with engineering team. 2.12 Unexpected If unexpected environmental impacts occur Contractor NCDD, CC, Included in civil environmental during project construction phase, the IA will PST, PIC and work contract impacts update the EMP, and environmental protection D&S measures will be designed and discussed Consultant immediately.
Page | 40 Environmental Impacts and Who Total Cost Items Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Who Implements Issues Supervises (USD) 3. Operation Phase 3.1 Inadequate Poor and inadequate operation - Acceptable and appropriate O&M should CC, PST IA Included in O&M O&M and maintenance (O&M) of the be developed for sustainable operation and Training costs improved village road could cause maintenance. unintended adverse environmental impacts. Establishment and - Sufficient training to community must be operation of community is part of also provided thus they will be able to the project design and support. manage, operate and maintain the The PST has been providing a irrigation in sustainability. technical support to set up community. Community is charged with undertaking or ensuring the key activities - operation and maintenance. 3.2 Emergency Floods and extreme weather - The project will promote the development Project Output ADB - response Planning events of community-based disaster readiness programs at the road subproject commune with particular reference to flooding and other natural disasters. - The development program on disaster is also updated with national and local level on disaster preparedness and response mechanism of National Risk Management Plan of Cambodia. 3.3 Road accident As the project output, number - Implement community road safety CC and PST IA Included in of trip will be increased. The awareness training and traffic-calming project operation road accident will be increased resources. cost - Public awareness on traffic policy and too. traffic sign - Provide sufficient traffic sign after project completion. IA: Implement Agencies (NCDD and MAFF), ESCC/PIC: Environmental Safeguard and Climate Change Specialist of Project Implementing Consultant, CC: Commune Council, PST: Provincial Support Team, NES/D&S Consultant: National Environment Specialist of Design and Supervision Consultant, NCS/D&S Consultant: National Climate Change Specialist Source: D&S, 2020
Page | 41 C4. Environmental Management Costs 36. The costs of implementing the environmental management and impact mitigation measures listed in the EMP matrix are included in the design costs, construction contracts and operational budgets. Final budget allocations for the other the items in the EMP will be developed by D&S Consultant. The total environmental management cost is $ 16,570 for 5 subprojects. The summary budget for each subproject is show in Table below. Table 9: Summary of Environmental Budget for Implementing Mitigation Measure and Monitoring Environmental No. Bid No. Description Location Budget (USD) TSSD-AF-PVG- Construction of 3.497 km Kampong Trabaek Commune, 1 NCB-W/RR023- of Kampong Trabeak Kampong Trabaek District, 4,150 NCDDS SBST Road Prey Veng Province TSSD-AF-KPT- Construction of 7.388 km Inter-Commune of Sandan and 2 NCB-W/RR003- of Sandan - Dang Dang Kambet, Sandan District, 3,120 NCDDS Kambet Laterite Road in Kampong Thom Province Bos Sbov Commune, Preah Netr TSSD-AF-BMC-NCB- Upgrading of 2.786 km of 3 Preah District, Banteay Meanchey 3,500 W/RR006-NCDDS Bos Sbov DBST Road Province Inter-commune of Msar Krang TSSD-AF-KPT- Improvement of 6.056 km and Kampong Chen Cheung, 4 NCB-W/RR010- 3,200 of Chi Meas SBST Road Stoung District, Kampong NCDDS Thom Province TSSD-AF-SRP- Rehabilitation of 8.993 Svay Sar Commune, Varin 5 NCB-W/RR009- km of Svay Sar Earth 3,200 District, Siem Reap NCDDS Road Total Budget for 5 Subprojects 16,570
D. Environmental Monitoring
D1. Monitoring Management 37. The project monitoring conducted under the EMP includes: - Project Readiness Monitoring. Monitoring to check progress on project readiness and close gaps through corrective actions. Before construction, the D&S Consultant will monitor the project’s readiness on environmental management based on a set of indicators (Table 10) and report it to ADB and IA. This assessment will formally demonstrate that environmental commitments are being carried out and environmental management systems are in place before construction starts, or suggest corrective actions to ensure that all requirements are met. Table 10: Project Readiness Assessment Indicators Are the If No, Date for Criteria What Corrective Indicator Criteria met? Corrective Action Yes/No action is Completion needed? 1. EMP update EMP updated after detailed design & Y/N approved by ADB
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Are the If No, Date for Criteria What Corrective Indicator Criteria met? Corrective Action Yes/No action is Completion needed? 2. Compliance with The borrower complies with loan Y/N loan covenants covenants related to project design and environmental management 3. Public Meaningful consultation completed Y/N Involvement effectiveness GRM established with entry points Y/N
4. Environmental Recruitment of external staff as set out Y/N Supervision and in the Institutional Arrangements for this monitoring in place EMP Nomination of government staff for PMU Y/N and PIU roles as set out in the Institutional Arrangements for this EMP 5. Bidding Bidding documents and contracts Y/N documents and incorporate the environmental activities contracts with and mitigation measures required by environmental this EMP safeguards 6. EMP financial The required funds have been set aside Y/N support for EMP implementation including training and capacity building
- EMP Compliance monitoring. To be conducted by the NES/D&S Consultant and the PST/CC to verify EMP compliance during project construction. To be effective EMP, all the mitigation measures shall be monitored to ensure they are implemented properly. Note this applies to construction only; during operation, it is the responsibility of the appropriate ministry or its line department to ensure monitoring of operational facilities is completed. Compliance monitoring requirements are summarized in Table 11. Table 11: EMP Compliance Monitoring Environmental Method & Responsibility Location Indicators Frequency Verification Implementation Environmental Budget Bidding One time only before IA PIC- document & the construction start Procurement contract (Review the bidding Specialist document and contract) Construction 1st quarterly One time only before IA, D&S Contractor Environmental report from the the construction start Consultant Management Plan contractor (Through review document which is submitted by contractors). Environmental Project Site, As needed, the training IA - ESCC/PIC Education awareness Project Office could be conducted at - NES/D&C the project site; Consultant Battambang province or at Project Office in
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Environmental Method & Responsibility Location Indicators Frequency Verification Implementation Phnom Penh. Complaints - Complaints procedure IA - ESCC/PIC procedures with both English and - NES/D&C established Khmer Language. Consultant Site Planning Project Site Once before the IA - ESCC/PIC contractor move - NES/D&C equipment and workers Consultant to the construction site (through site planning document submitting to IA and D&S Consultant office). UXO and borrow pit Implementation Once when the UXO IA, PIC and Contractor remove site and borrow removing agency D&S Consultant (UXO removal pit site complete their task agency) (through the report for submitting to IA and D&S Consultant office) Development of Project Site Once before the IA, PIC and Contractor CEMP and health and equipment and workers D&S Consultant safety guidelines. move to the project site. The guideline could be integrated into site planning document. Water Quality Implementation Monthly checking CC Contractor Site of Spoil and against mitigation Borrow Site measures specified in management this EMP (through observation on borrow pit and spoil sites management) Air quality Civil Work sites Monthly checking CC Contractor against mitigation measures specified in this EMP (through interview with villagers, or villager chief and observation) Noise and vibration Civil work sites Monthly checking CC Contractor against mitigation measures specified in this EMP (through interview with workers, villagers, or villager chief and observation) Solid Wastes Implementation Monthly checking CC Contractor of construction against mitigation workers measures specified in management this EMP Flora Civil work sites Monthly checking CC Contractor against mitigation measures specified in
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Environmental Method & Responsibility Location Indicators Frequency Verification Implementation this EMP Soil erosion and Implementation Monthly checking CC Contractor resources site of spoil and against mitigation borrow site measures specified in management this EMP (through observation on borrow pit and spoil sites management) Social and Culture Local cultural Monthly checking CC Contractor sites against mitigation measures specified in this EMP (Through observation, and interview with villagers and local authority) Human Health and Implementation Monthly checking CC Contractor safety of community and against mitigation occupational measures specified in Health and this EMP (Through Safety and observation, and Emergency interview with villagers Response and local authority) Community Health At all construction Focus group CC Contractor and Safety locations discussion/interview - Environmental with affected People Impacts of civil Using the form in works Appendix 1. - Any unforeseen impacts caused by accidentally - Civil nuisance - Impaired use of access roads Road safety/accident All along the Monthly checking CC Contractor (by transportation of access road to against mitigation heavy trucks …) construction site measures specified in this EMP (Through observation, and interview with villagers and local authority) Transmitted disease All workers camp Monthly checking CC Contractor for an example, HIV sites against mitigation … etc.) measures specified in this EMP (Through observation, and interview with worker on environment, health and safety) Conflict between the At construction Monthly checking PST, CC and Contractor workers and and villages against mitigation D&S Consultant community where is nearby measures specified in or within this EMP (Through subproject observation, and
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Environmental Method & Responsibility Location Indicators Frequency Verification Implementation command area. interview with villagers and local authority) Damage on trees Along the bank of Monthly checking CC and D&S Contractor dam and feeder against mitigation Consultant canal measures specified in this EMP (Through observation) Worker’s camp All workers Monthly Observation CC and D&S Contractor camps site (both Consultant main camp site and sub-camp sites) Unexpected - Monthly checking and PIC and D&S Contractor environmental through observation to Consultant impacts identify any issue occur.
- Affected People Monitoring (Interview/Focus Group Discussion). The public consultation and participation process during the project preparation stage (PPTA) involved; (i) reconnaissance surveys of the subproject sites; and (ii) participatory meetings with affected persons and local stakeholders. - Participatory meetings have been held with government stakeholders and representatives from affected villages, communes, water user groups and farmers to collect data, to present the project (designs and locations), and to ascertain social and environmental issues and concerns. For Category B village road subproject, consultation was carried out during subproject preparation. The following completion of detailed engineering design, again public consultation during Implementation with affected and local people was held on 2019. Table 12: List of Participants in Public Consultation Meeting
# of Participants No. Bid No. Description Location Total # of Female TSSD-AF-BMC- Bos Sbov Commune, Preah Netr Upgrading of 2.786 km of 1 NCB-W/RR006- Preah District, Banteay 53 29 Bos Sbov DBST Road NCDDS Meanchey Province Inter-commune of Msar Krang TSSD-AF-KPT-NCB- Improvement of 6.056 km and Kampong Chen Cheung, 2 190 94 W/RR010-NCDDS of SBST Road Stoung District, Kampong Thom Province Inter-Commune of Sandan and TSSD-AF-KPT-NCB- Construction of 7.388 km 3 Dang Kambet, Sandan District, 75 32 W/RR003-NCDDS of Laterite Road in Kampong Thom Province TSSD-AF-PVG- Kampong Trabaek Commune, Construction of 3.497 km 4 NCB-W/RR023- Kampong Trabaek District, Prey 74 36 of SBST Road NCDDS Veng Province TSSD-AF-SRP- Rehabilitation of 8.993 km Svay Sar Commune, Varin 5 NCB-W/RR009- 55 31 of Svay Sar Earth Road District, Siem Reap NCDDS Total Participants 447 222
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- Informal monitoring interviews with affected people will focus on complaints about community disturbance from construction activities, such as construction noise, dust, solid waste and wastewater, as well as public concerns about ecological protection, soil/land concerns and access issues. A sample Environmental Monitoring Interview Form is given in Appendix 1. This will contribute to project monitoring. 38. Operational Monitoring. This is required as part of the operations of the sub-project and will be undertaken by the relevant government department or a nominated private sector operator. D2. Environmental Monitoring Reports 39. Environmental Monitoring Reports (using ADB’s integrated safeguards monitoring report format) will be prepared semi-annually for the IA by the ESCC/PIC in collaboration with IA – ESO and submitted to ADB. EMP table with the column indicating how implemented will be attached in the report as appendix. Below Table gives reporting requirements. Table 13: Reporting Requirements Report Frequency Purpose From To Contractor’s Monthly and EMP Implementation Contractor IA progress report quarterly Progress and Monitoring Results EMP Progress Monthly Confirm Mitigation D&S Consultant IA and Compliance Measures and CC Report Environmental Quarterly Confirm EMP D&S Consultant IA Monitoring performance and ESO Report Environmental Semi-annual Full EMP ESCC/PIC and ADB monitoring Implementation and IA/EA Report adherence to (Integrated environmental safeguards Covenants/Conditions monitoring report format)
D3. Training Program 40. A training program is set out in below table which address the safeguard reporting and implementation requirements during construction. The engagement of a PIC/D&S Consultant will be critical to ensuring the capacity of the PST/CC and to ensuring monitoring and reporting are managed effectively during implementation. This person will also work closely with the IA – ESO) in order to ensure safeguards are implemented and monitored. 41. Training for EMP Implementation. The proposed training required for project implementation is set out in Table 14. It is estimated the total budget is 1,250 USD for first EMP training of 5 subprojects in pre-construction. During construction, there is on- the-job training by ESCC to ensure on EMP implementation.
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Table 14: Capacity Building and Training Requirements
Subject/Content Participants Trainer Frequency
EMP adjustment and IA/EA, PST, CC and ESCC/PIC Once prior to implementation – Contractors construction Development and adjustment of the EMP, roles and responsibilities, monitoring, supervision and reporting
Grievance Redress IA/EA, PST, CC and ESCC /PIC Once prior to Mechanism – roles and Contractors construction responsibilities
Environmental Protection IA/EA, PST, CC and ESCC/PIC Once during the project Pollution control on Contractors construction construction sites (air, noise, wastewater, solid waste)
Environmental Monitoring IA/EA, PST, CC and ESCC/PIC Once prior to – monitoring methods, Contractors construction data collection and processing, reporting systems
E. Grievance Redress Mechanism
E1. GRM Objectives 42. Public grievances related to project construction may include damage to commune or private property, damage to vegetation, interruption of public services, dust emissions, noise, soil erosion, inappropriate disposal of waste materials, and safety for the general public and construction workers. 43. Traditionally, complainants at the village level address their concerns to the village leader, commune leader or staff. The NCDD also has a complaints unit, but its focus is on land issues and resettlement rather than environmental concerns. Additionally, there are sanctions the 1996 Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Management which can be sought by affected people or villages through the district offices of the MoE. The main weaknesses of these systems are: a. The lack of a specialized unit to address environmental grievances; and b. The lack of a specific timeframe for the redress of grievances. 44. During project implementation stage, a project-specific grievance redress mechanism (GRM) has been developed in compliance with ADB’s SPS (2009) requirement to address the weaknesses in existing complaints systems and provide an easy and immediate complaint-and-response link between affected persons and the contractors/implementing agencies.
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45. The project GRM is designed to achieve the following objectives: a. Provide channels of communication for local communities to raise concerns about environmental grievances which might result from the project; b. Prevent and mitigate adverse environmental impacts to communities caused by project construction and operation; c. Improve mutual trust and respect and promote productive relationships between the implementing agencies and local communities; and d. Build community acceptance of the project. The GRM is accessible to all members of the community, including women, youth, and poverty-stricken residents. Multiple points of entry are available, including face-to-face meetings, written complaints, telephone conversations, e-mail, and social media. E2. GRM System 46. The NCDD and MAFF, as the EA of the TSSP-AF will establish the GRM. The setup shall be made before commencement of site works and have members from the NCDD, MAFF, PST, district authority and commune councils. Grievances can be filed in writing or verbally with any entry point of the GRM. The committee will have 14 days to respond with a resolution. The project environment safeguard officer (ESO) will oversee the implementation/observance of the mechanism and will be responsible for keeping the NCDD&MAFF informed. The Safeguards Focal Point at Provincial Level (PST- Safeguards Focal Point) will be responsible for ensuring GRM implementation at the sub-project level. 47. The GRM will accommodate both informally and formally lodged eligible, grievances. Informally lodged grievances are those received by the contractor during construction. Formally lodged grievances are those received at District and Commune Council offices or direct to the PST. Commune Councils evaluate complaints for eligibility and then report to PST. The PST and ESO maintain record of all grievances, informally and formally lodged, eligible and ineligible. The ESO will inform the NCDD and MAFF, as necessary, and report on the observance/implementation of the GRM in line with the quarterly project progress reports and in the periodic Environmental Monitoring Report that will be submitted to the NCDD and MAFF. 1. Access to Mechanism 48. Any person who has environmental issues pertaining to the subproject during construction and operation phases will have access to the mechanism free of charge. The implementing agency (NCDD & MAFF) has established a complaints unit which will act as a central recording and coordinating unit for all subprojects under the project. Each PST will consist of a Safeguard Focal Point (PST-Safeguard Focal Point). Each subproject commune council will ensure that the GRM is publicized locally so that the community is fully aware of the mechanism and the local points of entry to it. The setting up of the GRM in the implementing agency and its initial implementation through the commune councils is supported by the environmental consultant of the loan implementation consultancy services. 49. When construction starts, a sign will be erected at each construction site providing the public with updated project information and summarizing the GRM process including details of the GRM entry points. The contact persons for different GRM entry points; commune councils, contractors, and operators of project facilities, will be identified prior to construction. The contact details for the entry points (e.g., phone numbers, addresses,
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e-mail addresses, etc.) will be publicly disseminated on information boards at construction sites and commune council noticeboards. 50. The preferred action sequence for complaints handling is that the complaint should be investigated and resolved by the unit receiving the complaint. 51. The complaints unit will maintain records of complaints and actions taken to correct them. This data will be included in the implementing agencies reports to the ADB. The complaints unit will establish a GRM tracking and documentation system. The system will include the following elements: a. Tracking forms and procedures for gathering information from project personnel and complainant(s); b. Staff to update the database routinely; c. Systems with the capacity to analyze information so as to recognize grievance patterns, identify any systemic causes of grievances, promote transparency, publicize how complaints are being handled, and periodically evaluate the overall functioning of the mechanism; d. Processes for informing stakeholders about the status of a case; and e. Procedures to retrieve data for reporting purposes in the periodic reports to the ADB. 2. GRM Steps and Timeframe 52. The grievance redress mechanism process is described as bellow: Stage 1 – Contractors/Village Heads, Commune Council – One Week: If a concern arises during construction, the affected person will submit a written or oral complaint to the contractor/village heads/Commune Council directly. Whenever possible, the contractor/village heads/Commune Council will resolve the issue directly with the affected person. The contractor/village heads/Commune Council will give a clear reply within one week. If successful, the contractor/village heads/Commune Council will inform the complaints unit accordingly (See Appendix 2: GRM – Complaint Recording Form).
Stage 2 – District/Provincial Level (Project Supporting Team – PST) – 5 Working Days: If no appropriate solution can be found, the contractor/village heads/Commune Council should forward the complaint to the PST within 5 working days it may also submit a written or oral complaint to the PST. The PST will investigate and identify the solution and provide a clear reply for the complainant within 5 working days. The environment consultants of the loan implementation consultancy service will assist the PST in replying to the affected person. The PST will timely convey the complaint/grievance and suggested solution to the contractors/village heads/Commune Council or operators of facilities. The contractors during construction and the operators during operation will implement the agreed upon redress solution and report the outcome to the complaints unit within 7 working days.
Stage 3 – Key Implementation Agency (NCDD & MAFF) – 10 Working Days. This level has 10 working days within which meets with the aggrieved party and tries to resolve the situation. Within 10 working days of submission of the grievance, the Key Implementation Agency (NCDD & MAFF) must make a written decision and submit copies to the PST, Contractor/Village Head/Commune Council and the APs. If the
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complaint still not be solved at this stage, the complaint may be brought to ADB, the following steps will be taken:
o Special Mission or Judicial System: the IA (NCDD & MAFF) will inform ADB to convene a special mission to attempt a resolution prior to use of the Cambodian judicial system;
o Accountability Mechanism of the ADB. In addition, APs may always contact the Complaints Receiving Officer of the ADB Through ADB Cambodia Residential Mission; 29 Suramarit Blvd. (St.268), Sangkat Chatomuk, Khan Daun Penh, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; (+855) 23 215 805; (+855) 23 215 807; www.adb.org/cambodia. 53. During construction, the complaints unit will be informed by contractors and construction supervisors, commune council’s staff, if people complain about the project. During operation, the complaints unit will be advised of complaints by the commune council. The complaints unit will also inform the ADB project team and submit all relevant documents such as contact persons for the sub-project provided to affected persons and including the sign boards at construction sites, camps and each village that show the contact person information.
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Figure 7: GRM System
Grievances/complaints by APs, Groups or Institutions
Oral or written complaint Solution Found
Stage 2: District/Provincial Level (Provincial Support Stage 1: Contractor/Village Team – PST) Head/Commune Council Reporting Inform if solved; Forward if not solved
Complaints Unit under IA solved Forward if Forward not Reporting solved; if Inform Reporting Stage 3: Key Implementation Agency (IA) (NCDD & MAFF)
Record complaint, inform relevant stakeholders, including ADB
Investigation, consultation and coordination as appropriate Reporting
Solution found
Implement Solution
During During Construction Operation
Contractor Commune
ADB = Asian Development Bank; AP = affected person; CC = commune council; GRM = grievance redress mechanism; IA = implementing agency.
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Table 15: Grievance Redress Committees (GRC) for Five Road Subprojects A. GRC for Samraong Road Subproject
No Name Roles Contact no. Step 1: Village and commune authorities and contractor 1 Mr. Ouch Ann Commune Chief 012 237 635 2 Mr. Chhuon Sophat 1st Deputy Chief of Commune 012 721 187 3 Mrs. Vonn Nhong Commune Child and Women Affairs Coordinator 071 892 9417 5 Mr. Sar Thool Head of Thmei village 097 487 7055 6 Mr. Luon Yuoth Head of Kampong Reab village 077 448 542 7 Mrs. Chhuon Seng Ang Head of Thmenh Trey village 096 411 1958 8 Mr. Chom Savy Head of Boat Trong village 088 799 4467 9 Mr. Vann Long Commune Clerk 012 574 046 10 Mr. Teb Chenda Head of General Building Construction Company 016 777 437 Step 2: District authorities 1 Mr. Touch Seiha Deputy district governor and chairman 012 404 566 2 Mr. Ly Sambath DST Leader (Social and environment safeguards officer) 061 336 672 3 Mrs. Khlean Chhan DST (Livelihood Improvement and Gender Officer) 060 531 829 Step 3: Provincial project implementation unit 1 H.E. Ly Sary Deputy provincial governor and chairman 012 631 631 2 Mr. Hay Samnang PST 012 788 785 3 Ms. Ork Sophea Officer for TSSD-AF administration and finance 092 922 663 Step 4: National project implementation unit (NCDDS) 1 H.E Ny Kimsan Deputy Head of NCDDS and TSDD project manager 011 970 565
B. GRC for Svay Sar Earth Road Rehabilitation subproject
No. Name Roles Contact no. Step 1. Village Authority and Contractor 1 Mr. Leav Ryna Commune Chief of Svay Sar 097 47 47 265 2 Mr. Speat Oueth Commune Deputy Chief of Svay Sar 0088 96 66 343 3 Mrs. Souet Synay Commune Women Affaire and Children 097 91 16 351 4 Mr. Seam Saron Commune Cleak 097 58 13 087 5 Mrs. Svag Yong Svay Sar village Chief 088 53 70 331 Step 2. District Authorities 1 Mr. Both Vibol DST and chairman 085 686 306 2 Ms. Krom Savorng Officer for gender and GIG 097 361 828 Step 3. Provincial Support Team 1 H-E Ly Samrith Deputy District Government 085 567 568 2 Mr. Douch Kimdom Provicial Support Team PST 012 883 857 Step 4. NCDDS 1 H-E Ny Kimsan Project Manager of TSSD-AF 011 970 565
C. GRC for Sandan-Dang Kambet laterite road subproject
No. Name Roles Contact no. Step 1: Village and commune authorities and contractor 1 Mr. Bann Heng Head of Sandan commune and chairman 097 555 5531 2 Mr. Lun Yen Head of Dang Kambet commune 097 597 8844 3 Mr. Ou Tongmean 1st deputy chief of commune 077 736 268 4 Mr. KongChhum 2nd deputy chief of commune 071 507 0085 5 Ms. Ken Chhoeun Gender commune focal point 097 283 9208 6 Ms. Born Bunthy Commune council for information 089 207 169 7 All head of villages for subprojects 8 Mr. Heng Sokhoeun Commune clerk
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9 Mr. Chhouk Bandit Contractor 012 389 666 Step 2: District authorities 1 Mr. Long Kysoeng District governor and chairman 097 506 0168 2 Ms. Lark Saochan DST 092 621 252 Step 3: PST 1 H.E Chan Dara Deputy provincial governor and chairman 012 320 409 2 Mr. Sar Pahou Chief of provincial support team 092 849 087 Step 4: NCDDs 1 H.E Ny Kimsan Deputy-chief of NCDDs and TSDD project manager 011 970 565
D. GRC for Chi Meas SBST road subproject
No. Name Roles Contact no. Step 1: Village and commune authorities and contractor 1 Mr. Chhun Chhat Head of Kampong Chen Cheung commune and chair 012 98 16 33 2 Mr. Chorn Vuthy Head of Msar Krang commune 012 51 26 65 st 3 Mr. Khy Kimhorl 1 deputy chief of Kampong Chen Cheung commune 089 49 23 86 st 4 Mr. Lorn Ly 1 deputy chief of Msar Krang commune 089 98 48 78 5 Ms. Srun Layheang Commune council for women and children 092 49 89 75 6 Ms. Srey Sokha Commune council for women and children 017 41 63 46 7 Mr. Hang Heang Head of Rokar village 089 62 56 95 8 Mr. Nguon Sameth Head of Chork village 097 54 38 427 9 Mr. Dok Roeun Head of Chek village 088 87 72 737 10 Mr. Hel Kheang Head of Sambour Cheung village 097 564 59 96 11 Mr. Duong Chay Head of Chi Meas village 017 89 05 26 12 Mr. Chan Nimoul Head of Sampan village 092 74 42 05 13 Ms. Ngin Sean Commune clerk 017 89 05 26 Step 2: District authorities
1 Say Kim Lorm Deputy district governor 012 52 40 53 2 Kheak Don Chief of District Support Team 012 70 85 36 Step 3: PST 1 H.E Chan Dara Deputy provincial governor and chairman 012 320 409 2 Mr. Sar Pahou Chief of provincial support team 092 849 087 Step 4: NCDDs 1 H.E Ny Kimsan Deputy-chief of NCDDs and TSDD project manager 011 970 565
E. GRC for Kampong Trabek SBST Road Subproject
No. Name Roles Contact no. Step 1: Village and commune authorities and contractor 1 Mr. Chea Sakhorn Head of commune and chairman 071 36 70 471 2 Mr. Tuon Savorn 1st deputy chief of commune 096 81 24 829
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No. Name Roles Contact no. 3 Ms. Meas Pisey Commune council for children and woman 015 63 83 16 4 Mr. Tum Vichet Commune clerk 088 46 88 777 5 Mr Taing Thann Head of Boeung Khyang 071 22 20 523 6 Mr. Chea Sokh Head of Rokar Thom village 096 40 30 083 7 Mr. Chea Lun Head of Kampong Svay Keut village 016 92 79 22 8 Mr. Pang Dorn Head of Prek Pnov village 096 27 43 442 9 Mr. Chea Khonn Head of Anlong Reach 015 43 48 50 10 Mr. Mom Heng Head of Anlong Chak village 010 94 88 21 11 Mr. Duong Say Head of Kampong Svay Lech vllage 096 52 90 748 12 Mr. Ol Synhem Head of Tuol Rokar village 096 22 52 855 Step 2: District authorities 1 Mr. Yao Sanin Deputy district governor and chairman 016 629 865 2 Mr. Lam Sophal DST 016 317 297 3 Mr. Samonn Sony Director of district office 081 361 718 4 Ms. Lach Channy Chief-office for women attair 015 500 341 Step 3: Provincial Support Team 1 H.E Chan Tha Deputy provincial governor as a chair 012 763 763 2 Mr. Por Pilot Director of provincial planning and investment 012 204 575 3 Ms. Y Aun Deputy director of department of women affair 012 204 561 4 Ms. Sreng Sovannchenda Deputy chief of office for planning and investment 096 887 3533 Step 4: NCDDs 1 H.E Ny Kimsan Deputy Head of NCDDS and TSSD-AF manager 011 970 565
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Appendix 1: Consultation / Interview Form
Date of Interview Interviewer Name
Interview Site: Stakeholder Name & Status: Where is the interview held? In school, on Full name, status is the road, in shop business owner, school teacher, religious leader, resident
Construction Site & Has this stakeholder Date Construction been interviewed Started before? Which road, GPS Yes (when were they location if available interviewed) No Interview Discussion Points:
1. NOISE Record of Discussion
Before the project started, was the person disturbed by noise? If yes, explain how and when. Where did the noise come from? e.g. traffic, machinery, people, music When did it disturb the person? e.g. all day, at night, intermittently
During the construction, is the person disturbed by noise from the project? If yes, explain how and when. What type of noise and where did the noise come from? All day, at night, intermittently?
If noise from construction is a problem, what changes does the person suggest are made?
2. AIR QUALITY Record of Discussion
Before the project started, was the person affected by air pollution or dust? If yes, explain how and when. Where did the pollution or dust come from? e.g. traffic, machinery, construction, burning garbage, cooking stoves
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When was the dust or pollution a problem? e.g. all day, at night, intermittently
During the project, is the person disturbed by dust or pollution? If yes, explain how and when. What type of noise and where did the noise come from? E.g. increased traffic congestion, construction machinery, construction workers, burning construction garbage etc. When did it disturb the person? e.g. all day, at night, intermittently
If dust or air pollution from the construction is a problem, what changes does the person suggest are made?
3. VEGETATION AND LAND USE Record of Discussion
Before the project started, what was the vegetation like in the project area? e.g. pasture land, trees, shrubs, rice fields.
During the project, has the person found the vegetation situation has changed? If yes, explain how and when.
If impact on vegetation is unacceptable, what changes does the person suggest are made?
4. COMMUNITY SAFETY Record of Discussion
Before the project started, can you describe the community safety situation in the project area? e.g. no problems, some accidents, difficulty crossing the roads
During the project, has the person found the community safety situation has changed? If yes, explain how and when. Slower traffic so easier to cross the roads, construction vehicles are making a crossing harder / easier, more accidents / less accidents, construction site dangers
If change in road safety is unacceptable,
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5. WATER QUALITY Record of Discussion
Before the project started, was the person affected by poor water quality? If yes, explain how and when. Ground water? Surface Water? Which Water source? How was it polluted?
During the project, is the person affected by water pollution? If yes, explain how and when. Ground water? Surface Water? Which Water source? How is quality being affected?
If water quality from the construction is a problem, what changes does the person suggest are made?
6. ACCESS Record of Discussion
During the project, is the person affected by reduced access to their business, home or land? Access to what is limited, and how?
If access limitations are not acceptable, please suggest changes which can be made?
7. OTHER ISSUES Record of Discussion
Any other issues about the construction sites that the person wants to discuss? e.g. wastewater concerns, waste disposal, other concerns, labor force,
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Appendix 2: GRM – Complaint Recording Form PST Staff Responsible: (name and role) Date: (of this record)
Date of Complaint:
Date Resolution Required by (15 days from initial complaint):
Complaint Made by:
(Name & Contact Details)
Method of Complaint: (direct to IA/EA, via
Contractor, Via Commune People’s Council)
Details of Complaint: (issues, actions taken so far, when did it start – all details needed)
NCDD Actions: (Next steps for IA/EA to resolve the issue or to move complaint to next level)
Follow Up Actions Needed and Date: (IA/EA to follow up on resolution if needed, e.g. check contractor actions)
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