Cluster Submunitonsin Serbia
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Report on the impact of unexploded cluster submunitons in Serbia Norwegian People’s Aid Regional office South East Europe January 2009 Norwegian People’s Aid, Regional office South East Europe, Kosovska 8/3 , 11ooo Beograde, Serbia in coopera- tion with Norwegian People’s Aid, Storgt. 33A, 0028 Oslo, Norway www.npa.org.rs; www.npaid.org Publisher Norwegian People’s Aid, Regional office South East Europe Published by Emil Jeremić Report prepared by Darvin Lisica, Šerif Bajrić Photographer John Rodsted Design Šerif Bajrić Project team Programme manager: Darvin Lisica Project manager: Mirko Miličić, Surveyors: Rusmir Trumić, Staniša Đurić, Nebojša Štrbac, Goran Vladić, Sead Kličić, Miroslav Pisarević, Ervin Omeragić i Branislav Jovanović Monitoring team Amela Balić, Šerif Bajrić Contents Acknowledgements ...............................................................................................................................8 Executive summary ...............................................................................................................................9 Timeframe and objectives of the General Survey .......................................................................9 Results of the cluster hazard assessment .......................................................................................9 Hazard and accidents caused by cluster contamination ...........................................................10 Risk behaviour ................................................................................................................................10 Economic impact of cluster contamination ...............................................................................11 Size of risk area in Serbia ..............................................................................................................11 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................12 Terms of reference and methodology ...............................................................................................16 Terms of reference .........................................................................................................................16 Standard operating procedures ....................................................................................................18 Database ..........................................................................................................................................20 General assessment of the situation of unexploded cluster submunitions in Serbia .................24 Unexploded cluster submunition hazard in Serbia ...................................................................25 Unexploded cluster submunitions as cause of hazard .........................................................25 Assessment of extent and characteristics of suspected areas ..............................................29 Suspected Areas: Status at the Beginning of Survey operations ..................................29 Procedure and Results of Exclusion of Suspected Areas through Land Cancellation ........................................................................................................................31 Suspected Area Contaminated by Cluster Submunitions – Status at the Beginning of November 2008 ...........................................................................................34 What will be the final extent of risk areas for clearance in Serbia? ..............................36 Social and economic impact of unexploded cluster submunitions ..............................................39 Cluster submunitions accidents and incidents ..........................................................................40 Vulnerability analysis of the population at risk .........................................................................43 Affected Communities ............................................................................................................43 Age Structure ............................................................................................................................44 Entry of Population into Risk Areas ......................................................................................44 Analysis of blocked resources ......................................................................................................47 Reports on general survey of risk areas ............................................................................................50 Selection of priorities for clearance .............................................................................................52 4 Norwegian People’s Aid, Report on impact of unexploded cluster submunitions in Serbia, 2009 Case studies ....................................................................................................................................56 Municipality Bujanovac .....................................................................................................56 Municipality of Preševo .....................................................................................................59 Municipality of Kuršumlija ...............................................................................................61 Project quality managment ................................................................................................................63 General survey monitoring ..........................................................................................................63 General survey: Quality control .............................................................................................64 General survey results: Quality assurance ............................................................................64 Strategic assumptions and indicators................................................................................................69 Conclusions ..........................................................................................................................................71 Appendixes ...........................................................................................................................................72 Appendix A: Acronyms and terms used...........................................................................................72 Appendix B: Criteria for cancellation of land from the areas suspected of hazard of unexploded cluster submunitions ....................................................................................................77 Appendix C: Land use classification system ....................................................................................78 Appendix D: Data by districts, municipalities and settlements ....................................................79 Appendix E: Calculation of failure severity .....................................................................................84 Appendix F: Calculations of risk area for clearance .......................................................................86 Literature ..............................................................................................................................................90 List of tables Table 1: Geo-coded entities......................................................................................................................................................23 Table 2: Cluster ordnance deployed by NATO forces in the Republic of Serbia ..............................................................27 Table 3: Estimate of the number of cluster ordnance used and remaining unexploded cluster submunitions ...........28 Table 4: Cluster submunitions, quantity per municipality ..................................................................................................29 Table 5: Municipalities affected by unexploded cluster submunitions ............................................................................. 35 Table 6: Number of suspected areas with regard to hazard levels and blocked resources ..............................................48 Table 7: Extent of suspected areas with regard to hazard levels and blocked resources..................................................49 Table 8: Risk location priority matrix .................................................................................................................................... 52 Table 9: Matrix for identifying the level of hazard ............................................................................................................... 53 Table 10: Matrix for identifying environmental impact risk ............................................................................................... 53 Table 11: Data on threatened communities in the Municipality of Bujanovac .................................................................57 Table 12: Land blocked due to unexploded cluster submunitions contamination in the Municipality of Bujanovac in km2 ......................................................................................................................................................................58 Table 13: Data on threatened communities in the Municipality of Preševo .....................................................................59 Table 14: Land blocked due to unexploded cluster submunitions contamination in the Municipality of Preševo in km2 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