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ED 089 030 CE 001 076 TITLE Latin American Studies: Curriculum Guide. INSTITUTION Harlandale Independent School District, San Antonio, Tex. Career Education Center. SPONS AGENCY Office of Education (DREW), Washington, D.C.; Texas Education Agency, Austin. Dept. of Occupational Education and Technology. PUB DATE [70] NOTE 91p.

EDRS PRICE MF-$0.75 HC -$4.20 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS Audiovisual Aids; Bibliographies; *Career Education; *Curriculum Guides; Educational Objectives; Educational Resources; Instructional Materials; *Latin American Culture; Occupational Information; Performance Specifications; Resource Materials; *Secondary Grades; Teaching Methods; Units of Study (Subject Fields) IDENTIFIERS *Latin American Studies; Texas ABSTRACT The guide is arranged in vertical columns relating curriculum concepts in Latin American studies to curriculum performance objectives, career concepts and career performance objectives, suggested teaching methods, and audio-visual and resource materials. The one-quarter course guide includes career information on 26 related occupations. Space is provided for teachers notes %%doh will be useful when the guide is revised. The appendix includes background Latin-American information; suggested readingsselected references, periodicals, and organizations for career information; and audio-visual source information. (EA) U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH EDUCATION & WELFARE DUCE()ToliS E XACTLY At P1 DOC, ENT HAS NATIONALBEEN INSTITUTE OF EDUCA PION I RET1,0 6 FIDuC.TONSENTFATEDAT1NGTHE 0,/ IT DrPEk,,ONOv Po NOT NTSPn NECESSARit TON Or ORGANIZ. OR cat V IFA OP OP,N,ON', NST,T._"('hi:Dry, OI vF0 0,Cy PFPRE N Career - Curriculum Guide careers LATIN,HARLANDALESAN3706CAREER ANTONIO.ROOSEVELT EDUCATIONAfrr. INDEPENDENT TEXAS 78214 CENTER SCHOOL DISTRICT STUDIES MR. CHARLES N. BOGGESS, SUPERINTENDENT CAREER EDUCATION CENTER MRS. LUCYLLEHARLANDALE V. DEASEY, INDEPENDENT PROJECT DIRECTORSCHOOL DISTRICT SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS Thisandtne materialTechnicalU. S. Office reported Education, of Education herein Texas was throughEducation developed the Agency, Departmentpursuant Austin, to of a OccupationalgrantTexas. from Agency,orThe policy opinions and of notLexpressed official hereinendorsement do not should necessarily be inferred. reflect the position U. S. Office of Education or the Texas Education ***************************************************************************************************************** LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES CURRICULUM GUIDE Social Studies Consultant Mrs. Karla Galindo Harlandale Independent School District Career Education Center ***************************************************************************************************************** San Antoni,J, Texas Appreciation is expressed to the following teacher ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS who contributed to the research and development of this curriculum guide. Mr. Anaotacio Bueno, Jr. Forfollowing their help persons. and constructive suggestions in the compilation of this guide we acknowledge the Mrs. Lucylle V. Deasey - Project Director - Career Mr. William U. Bentley - Director of Vocational Education Program Education Mr. William R. Marshall - DirectorMiss ofMary E. Daunoy Seeondary Consultant Department Chairman Curriculum Mr. Hardy D. Cannon - Social Studies Mrs. Gozelle Loveless - Audio-Visual Coordinator Mrs. Mikel A. Arnold - Teacher GratitudeService Center-Regionis also expressed 20, Minnieto the StevensTexas Piper Education Agency, Character Education Project, Foundation, and the Career Education Project Education Staff. Prefacc toofMeaningful reachself-satisfaction. his existencegoal. is the goal of life in today's world. Living takes on meaning when it produces a sense The primary task of education must be to provide each individual with skills necessary WhenmustNormalsense becomechildren curiosityof classroomscontinuity enter can school, beandmust th; teachers theybe nucleus established bring resource which with which linksthempersons. placesnaturalreality education inquisitivenessto formal in training the correctconcerning if itperspective. is the property world arounddeveloped. them. Skills such as listening, problem solving, following Communities A developed.directions,In classrooms independent especially thinking designed and to rational form a bridgejudgement between then schoolcan merge and intothe worlddaily ofliving work, procedures. experiences must be On campus performance in Job tanks and skills, following a planned sequence of ornate viaitattone willaSearchsetting deliberate, fuse for willinformation a providerewarding sequential, intoan lifeinvaluable reality.and vocation planned carry is program -over,never easy.GEof learneddevelopment, skills. decisions can be made based upon informed and Practical relationships developed with those outside the formal school Without preparation it becomes a game of chance. With collegeAeducated immediatelyCull range careerjudgements. careerupon preparatory completion education program. of program, training, K-12, post willsecondary offer vocational-technical opportunities for participantseducation, and to /orenter a four-year errint Harlandale Independent School District C. N. Boggess, S e ntendent Thefunded Career by Educationa grant from Project the U.has S. been Office conducted of Education in compliance and the withTexas the Education Civil RightsAgency. Act of 1964 and is vi PHILOSOPHY Theand philosophy moral values of thearc Harlandaleof supreme Independentimportance. School District is that the student's mental wayTherealizesin tophilosophythe happiness. Harlandalc that ofservice Career district to Education others, is the self-rc3pect, Ismeans to restoreby which anddignity these pride twoto in the arefinishing wordachieved. work. a job TheSocial is student the studies path- environment.orderlyAsIn the social studentexplanations studies, explores theof humanthestudent society behavior develops of andwhich a hisreverence he relationships is a part,and appreciation he to is the led physical to for develop the and heritage andcultural test Theand Inleftstudent mentalthe him social isbyhealth, ofthe studies,supreme people within moralifwho the nowhr:re made worth.purview the- else, greatof thethe American meaningsconsideration dream of civilization, possible.of the student's is paramount. development HarlandaleSocialHardy D.Studies Cannon Independent Department School Chairman District WHAT IS HISTORY? "The"History"Man worst has isnopossible pastnature, politics, enemy what tohe and societyhas politics is is the present history." --Sir John Robert history." --Jose Ortega y Gasset man who ... is cut loose in his standards of judgment Seeley "Fellow-citizens,thefro connection the past; ofand wetheir uaiversitiescannot thought escape with which history." that train of --Abrahamthe past, Lincoln men to use their minds without carefully establishing are instruments of social destruction." -- Woodrow Wilson no"No"The People non history is who fit are ofto theindiffeeenrbe entrustedworld is co butwith their the the past,biography control need of ofhope thegreat to makemen." their future great."--Anon. present, who is ignorant of the past, and --Thomas Carlyle "Human"History history is the is memoryin essence of things a history said ofand ideas." done." -- Carl L. --Becker H. G. Wells "Theas"I they shalluse reallyof be history content happened, is if to those andgive as shallvalue they pronouncetoare the very present likely hour to repeatand its themselves." duty." --Thucydides my history useful who wish to be given a view of events --Ralph Waldo Emerson the"Whenof"To thepastenable experience present are man condemned isto is theunderstand not dualto retained, repeat function the it." societyas of --George history." of the Santayana --Edward H. among savages, infancy is perpetual. past and to increase his mastery over the socier Carr Those who cannot remember "Toof"We otherbemay ignorant gathermen's forepassedout0i whatof history happened miseries a policybefore with you no less wiseour than own eternal;like errors by theand comparisonill deservings." and application --Sir Walter Raleigh qualify"Historylifetime them by unless apprisingas judges the memory themof the (men) of actions past of the eventsand past, designs. is will ofenable men." them were bornwoven is to with be everthose s ofchild. earlier times?" --Cicero --Thomas Jefferson to judge the future For what is man's it will drawDear Teacher,from, and then add to as you wish throughout the year. The This guide is intended to be a "tool" for you to use, iforcolumn necessary.make entitledadditions At "teacher'sthe to endthe ofguide. comments"this Additionalschool is year,for pages you this tomay guidewrite be insertedwillcomments be written.commentsreturned We andto want thesuggestions thisCareer guide Education for to additions;be usefulCenter. toa After newyou guide andreading will will yourneed be Educationyour suggestions Center iffor revision. During the school year, please contact me at the Career I can help you to any way. Karla924-8272CareerSocial Galindo StudiesEducation or 922-3841 Consultant, Center LATIN AMERICAN(a oneSTUDIES quarter course) CURRICULUMCONCEPT2 CURRICULUM PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE CARL PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE CONC:;Pf AND CAREER INFORMATION CAREER WHITELAND BEFOREMAN: THE Theto studentperform shouldthe following be able CONCEPT: PALEONTOLOGISTS: THEORIES - Bering Strait 1.activities: List at least four types greatlyPaleontologists to our knowledge have added of 1. Paleontologists are geologistswho specialize in tracing the - Diego Blood Factor tousedof determinetools by an or anthropologist artifactstLe advances theprehistoric study of lifefossils. through mainsevolutionlife ofby plantsstudyingand development and fossilized animals of in pastre- - Lost Atlantis Theory tionof a orparticular group of civiliza-people. andgeologic assembles formations. fossilized He recovers - -Other Sandia Cave theories 2. In two parasraphs, discuss the Bering Strait andspecimens, classifies notes them. their positions, 3. In a one Theory. page theme, TheOBJECTIVE: student should be able 2. An advanced degree is usuallynecessary for those seeking isdiscuss able tohow progress a society responsibilityto name at least of one job 3. Starting salaries range frompositions about as paleontologists. 4. List and give the through agricuitt. . paleontologists. 4. Approximately 23,000 geologists$8,650 to $21,000 +. areastance in of which the twociviliza- chief impor- werein 1970.employed in the United States About four per cent of America.tion emerged in Latin portunitiesthese were inwomen. this field are good. Employment op- MIN.I.m.11.111r TEACHER'S COMMENTS 3 CURRICULUM: SUGGFSTED TEACHING METHODS CURRICULUM: AUDIO-VISUAL AND RESOURCE MATERIALS 11 1. Assign a group of students to give 1. Education Service Center, 16mmRegion film- 20: inclassificationreports Sandia on Cave the thatoftype that hasof evidencehelped in foundand the study 2367 Dr. Leakey and the Dawn of Man 2. Have the students collect ofnewspaper Latin America. or magazinethe first articles people aboutof America. the origin of Oational CAREER: 3. Have the students view the movieGeographic on Magazine) . School CounselorDictionary SRAor Occupational of Occupational Brief 1/ 184Titles Librarian: the "Ra" expedition. 2. Write to: Occupational Outlook Handbook CAREER: AmericanWashington,2201 M Street,Geological-Institute D.C. N.W. 20037 1. Ask a paleontologist to speakabout to thehis classwork. 4 CURRICULUMCONCEPT CURRICULUM PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE CAREER CONCEPT AND CAREERPERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE INFORMATION CAREER INDIANS OF MEXICAN The student should be able CONCEPT: I ASTRONOMERS: AREA: MAYAS activities:to perform the following Onethe area Mayans of studye*celled in whichwas 1. Astronomers observe and studysun, the moon, stars, and planets. - -Formation Government 1. List at least three Mayansachievements in astronomy. of the astronomical calculations. spectrometers,They use telescopes, and computers. cameras, - Religion Gods 2. Write A one page report on the different gods and 2. A graduate degree in astronomyis required for professional - Conception of time Mayantheir Society. specific role in 3. The salaries usually rangepositions. from - Architecture 3. In a two page paper, discuss the political OBJECTIVE: 4. The employment opportunities$3,500 to $20,000 +. - Science inglife the of classicalthe Mayans period. dur- Theto studentname at shouldleast twobe abletypes are excellent in this field. 4. Briefly explain the Mayan conception of time. astronomer.of jobs done by an SUGGESTED TEACHING METHODS 5 CURRICULUM: CURRICULUM: AUDIO-VISUAL AND RESOURCE MATERIALS TEACHER'S COMMENTS 1. As a class project, have studentsanda poster the Guatemalan drawsize map ofHighlands the Yucatan and thenPeninsula 1. Education Service Center, 4939Region16mm film-20: Clues to Ancient Indian Life Mayans.draw in the major areas occupied by the 2. Harlandale Audio-Visual Center:M-54(PR-268)filmstrip with Yucatan record - -Land of the Mayans 2. Have the students draw or importanceMayanmake onegods. or of two the god. Have them discuss the CAREER: 3. Have the 1. School Counselor or Librarian:DictionarySRA Occupational of Occupational Brief # 213Titles looks(with today. pictures) of how an ancient Mayan city 2. Write to: Occupational Outlook Handbook CAREER:1. Ask an astronomer to speak to the class. YaleNewAmerican UniversityHaven, Astronomical Connecticut Observatory Society 06520 3. Harlandale Audio-Visual Center:Mag.T.magnetic tape- Astronomers CURRICULUM6 CONCEPT CURRICULUM PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE CAREER CONCEPT AND CAREERPERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE INFORMATION CAREER AREAS:INDIANS AZTECS OF MEXICAN activities:Theto studentperform shouldthe following be able CONCEPT:In the Aztec society, 1.HOUSEHOLD There areWORKERS: several jobs for household - Social Beginings(formation) . discussIn a one the page importance paper, domesticgirls were work. trained for maidsmanageworkers: clean, the housekeepers entire make beds,household; or do buttlers laundey, - Government organization andgodsto Quetzalcoatl. theHuitzilopachtli Aztecs of the maidsprepare are and concerned serve food; mainly nurse- with - Economy . graphs,In two traceor three the para- menchild keep care; the caretakersyard and house and house-clean - Religion beforedevelopment the founding of the Aztecsof maidsandsuch in orasgood valetscaring repair; performfor personalthe servicesemployer's . Explain briefly Tenochtitlan.the im- TheOBJECTIVE: student should be 2. There are usually no formalclothing; etc. theportance Aztec ofreligion. sacrifice in fiveable jobsto name for athousehold least someeducation economics requirements; courses are however, helpful. 4. List at least five wordswhich have Aztec origin workers. 3. Day workers usually make from$1.25 to $2.50 an hour. Live-in in Latin America. 4. There is a shortage of householdweek.workers make from $25 to $100 a 7 CURRICULUM; SUGGESTED TEACHING METHODS CURRICULUM: AUDIO-VISUAL AND RESOURCE MLTERIALS TEACHER'S COMMENTS 1. Have the students draw a mapof of Mexico the Valley and label the lakes which 1. Education Service Center, Region16mm 20: Clues to Ancient Indian Life 2. Have a student research andwere give present a report when the Aztecs arrived. 2. Harlandale Audio-Visual Center:4939 Montezumas.on the scientific studies of the M-55(PR-269)filmstrip with record- The Aztecs and Cortes 3. Have the students reconstructmodel a ofscale Tenochtilan. 4. Have students make drawings Tezcatlipocagodsof the - Huitzilopochtli,Aztec and Tlaloc. Quetzalcoatl, 1.CAREER: School Counselor or Librarian: CAREER: DictionaryOccupationalSRA Occupational of OccupationalOutlook Brief Handbook 1 265Titles 1. Ask a household worker to speakclass. to the 2. Write to: Washington,1346National Connecticut Committee D.C. Avenue, on Household N.W. Employment 20036 CURRICULUMCONCEPT8 CURRICULUM PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE CALLER CONCEPT AN!) CAREERPERFORM/NCE OBJECTIVE INFORMATION CAREER AREA:INDIANS OTHER OF GROUPSMEXICAN activities:Theto studentperform shouldthe following be able TheCONCEPT: most impressive ARCHITECT;1. Architects plan, dedign, and oversee - ZapotecsOlmecs 1. List four accomplishments of the Olmecs before the Toltecreligious architecture center is the building.the construction and renovation of - Mixtecs beginningsCivilization. of the Mayan whichconstructed contains at the Tcotihuacan 2. Architects must have a licensethe forpractice of architecture. In - Toltecs . In two or three "Pyramid of the Sun." order to receive this license, the - Chichimecs architectureparagraphs, ofdiscuss the the OBJECTIVE: anindividual accredited must professional have graduated schocl from 3. In a one page paper, Zapotecs. The student should be able experienceand generally in anhave architects three years office, of ofdiscuss civilization the high by degree the architectimnortantto name at considerations wouldleast havefour to an 3. Those beginning in privateusually industry make about $120 to $160 4. Briefly explain the Toltecs. anykeep structure. in mind when designing Examples: weekly.established in private practice, he If an architect is well ofbarbaric the Chichimecs. practices ofsafety, money purpose,available, amount etc. makeworkingmay makearound for$25,000 $8,500the federal+ toyearly. $14,700 government yearly. Those 4. The occupational outlook in fieldthis is good. 9 CURRICULUM: SUGGESTED TEACHING METHODS CURRICULUM: AUDIO-VISUAL AND RESOURCE MATERIALS TEACHER'S COMMENTS 1. Have the students draw mapsMexico of Central and how the different Toltec centers 1. San Antonio Public Library:Excavations16mm film - at La Venta 2. Have a group of students chooseat Tula, various Teotihucan and Chohula. 2. Education Service Center, Region 20: tostories the class. from the Popol Uuh and give reports 493916mm films- Clues to Ancient Indian Life 3. Have a student make a scalepyramids model ofof thethe Sun and the Moon. 1.CAREER: School Counselor or Librarian: 4. Have students read the book CortexMexico byBefore Ignacio Bernal. OccupationalDictionarySRA Occupational ofOutlook Occupational Brief Handbook # 64 Titles 2. Write to: 1735The AmericanNew York InstituteAvenue, N.W. of Architects 1.CAREER: Ask an architect to speak to the class 3. Harlandale Audio-Visual Center:Washington, D.C. 20006 about his work. Cas.T.-47cassetteMag.T.magnetic tapetape- Architect - Architects CURRICULUMCONCEPT10 CURRICULUM PEEFORNANCE OBJECTIVE CAREER CONCEPT AND CAREERPERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE INFORMATION CAREER AREA:INDIANS INCAS OF ANDEAN activities:toThe perform student the should following he able CONCEPT: FUNERAL DIRECTORS AND EMBALMERS: - Origin 1. In a one page paper, Thesuperior Incas developedmummifying 1. Funeral directors take caredetails arrangeof the of service, funerals: help assist select family, - SocietyGovernment theexplain Inca theEmpire. formation of methods. arrangecasket, and get supervise death certificate, burial, etc. - Economy 2. In two or three theparagraphs, pyramidal discuss hierarchy 2. State requirements vary, butThey most may embalm and dress the body. - ArchitectureReligion ofin governmcnt Inca Society. officials atrequire a mortuary high schoolschool plusand atone least year 3. Explain what is ;.,cant by "chosen woman." TheCAREER: student should be able 3. Salaries average from aboutone year apprenticeship. 4. List at least three directordutiesto list of someand a funeralembalmer.of the 4. The employment outlook is good.$7,000 to $10,000 a year. oftheInca the creator godsmost thetimportant Vitacocha. came from SUGGESTED TEACHING METHODS AUDIO-VISUAL AND RESOURCE MATERIALS TEACHER'S CO21MENTS 11 CURRICULUM:1. Have a student read, and then give a 1.CURRICULUM: San Antonio Public Library: Cobo's.Historxreport in class of onthe a Newportion World. of Bernabi 2. Education Service Center: The16mm Ancientfilm - Peruvian 2. Have each student write onof imaginary a trip from account the coast up to the city 4298237316mm films- The IncasAncient Peruvian 3. Have a student research and ofgive Aryuo. a report in class on Pachacuti, the sun of Vitacocha. CAREER: 1. School Counselor or Librarian:DictionarySRA Occupational of Occupational Brief # 132Titles CAREER: 2. Write to: Occupational Outlook Handbook 1. Ask a funeral director to speakclass. to the Evanston,National1616 Central SelectedIllinois Street Morticians 60201 12 GURUCULUMCONCEPT CURRICULU3 PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE CAREER CONCEPT AND CAREERPEREORMANCE OBJECTIVE INFORMATION CAREER AREA:INDIANS CHIBCHAS OF ANDEAN -to performTheactivities: student the following should he able TheCONCEPT: Chibcha Indians TEXTILE1. A variety INDUSTRY of WORKERS:workers are involved in - Origin 1. In a one page paper, discuss the economy of ofengaged textiles. in the weaving combingthe textile tenders, industry: frame cardspinners, grinders, - EconomySociety thefed Chibchas their enormous and how they 2. Some production jcbs in textiledoffers, weavers, loom fixers, etc. - Religion 2. In .!O or three Para- population. manufacturingeducation. require little fromal However, the need for - Government graphs,Incas wereexplain able how to thetake 3. Wages have risen in recentskilled years. labor is taking over. theirover thegovernment. Chibchas and OBJECTIVE: wasThe $2.52. average hourly rate in 1970 3. List four accomolishmentsof Jimenez de Ouesada. Theto studentsname two shouldchanges he that able 4. The employment opportunitiesfield in this are good. The trend is toward havethe greatlytextile influencedindustry. workersequipmentfashioned who thatcan hand-labor operateelimitates tasks.the old-new SUGGESTED TEACHING METHODS 13 CURRICULUM: CURRICULUM: AUDIO-VISUAL AND RESOURCE MATERIALS .11 TEACHER'S COMENTS 1. Have the students the Chibcha town of Popayan. recreate a model of 2. Have the students mento-face and the meeting Chibchas. between Quesada's dramatize a face- 3. Have the students draw parallels CAREER: andbetween the conquestthe conquest of the of Chibchas.the Incas 1. School Counselor or Librarian:SRA Occupational Brief f 159 2. Write to: OccupationalDictionary of Outlook Occupational Handbook Titles CAREER: Charlotte,1501American Johnston Textile North Building CarolinaManufacturersInc. Institute, 28202 1. Ask a textile industry workerto the class. to speak CURRICULUM 14 cuRRIcutunnarOF,IIANCE CAREEv. COPT AND CAREER CAREER IBERIAN BACKGROUND CONCEPT The student should be able OBJECTIVE CONCEPT: PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE MEMTANT MARINE CHIEF MATE: INFORMATION - Moslem Iberia activities:to perform the following didPrince great Henry work ofin Portugalthe area 1. The chief mate is also calledchief the officer or first mate. One of - Reconquest 1. In a one page paper, discussfluence the in MoslemSpain. in- of navigation. hisassisting responsibilities the captain is withthat naviga-of - SigloSpanish de NationOro 2. In a two page paper, discuss Spanish unity 2. There are no education requirementstion. - PortugalHenry the themselvesin an effort of theto rid testsestablished must be for passed officers; in order however, to Navigator 3. List four major writers Moslems. TheOBJECTIVE: student should be able 3. Sages are paid according toqualify. the 4. In two or three pare- in the Siglo de Oro. utilizeto name navigational two jobs which monthlyofsize propellers of wages the vesselitfor has. the and chief the matenumber The average vancesgraphs, in explainseafering the ad- knowledge. on$1,3C0 a cargo in shipthe earlyaveraged 1970's. around ofdeveloped Prince Henry.ay the school 4. Employment of ship officersexpected is to decline in the 1970's. 15 CURRICULUM: SUGGESTED TEACHING METHODS CURRICULUM: AUDIO VISUAL AND RESOURCE MATERIALS TEACHER'S COMMENTS 1. Have a student give a reportpictures and show of Moorish influence in Spain. 2. Have some students preparedevelopedboard a bulletin showing by Henry the differentthe Navigator. instruments 3. Have the students make a Moslemmapdraw of in influenceSpain the provincesand was felt. where the greatest 1.CAREER: School Counselor or Librarian: 4. Have a student research andon givethe internationala report abmitions of Queen OccupationalDictionarySRA Occupational of Outlook Occuaptional Brief Handbook 1 53 Titles CAREER: Isabela. 2. Education Service Center, Region869716mm film-20: Navigation - Tool of Discovery 1. Ask a Merchant Marine Chiefspeak Mate to to the class. CURRICULUM16 CONCEPT CURRICULUNPE7ORMANCE OBJECTIVE CAPELR CONCEPT AND f;AREERPERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE INFORMATION CAREER -__-__--- AGE OF DISCOVERY activities:toThe perform student the should following be able CONCEPT: GEOGRAPHER: - Interest in East 1. Briefly describe the wasSome necessary geographical for the knowledge 1. Knowledge of geography is environment.manythe keyproblems to of how best to use our Geographers consider - Columbus's voyage aboutMediterraneansituation the timeituation of the in the Sea early explorers. boththat natural exist. and cultural problems This makes geography - VascoBartholomew da Diaz 2. In a one page paper, reconquest of Spain. 2. A bachelor's degree is usuallyboth athe physical and a social science. - Magellan Gama Columbus'give an accountsuccesses of and necessarythisminimum field. requirement for many jobs. for a job in A graduate degree is - Ojeda 3. List at least four his ultimate failures. OBJECTIVE: 3. The salary is usually fromto $6,500 $20,000. - NinoCabral thatislands Columbus of importance claimed for specializationtoThe name student three should areasfor today's beof able 4. There are about 7,100 geographersthe United in States. About fifteen - Bastidas 4. Discuss the significance Spain. geographers. perFuture cent employmentof these are opportunities women. are expedition.of the Magellan 5. Some areas of specializationfieldexpected in the of geographyto be good. are economic, regionalpolitical, geography. urban, physical, and RESOURCE MATERIALS CURRICULUM:1. On a map of the Caribbean, draw in the 1.CURRICULUM: Education Service Center, Region 20: Christophertrips and theColumbus. islands discovered by 6004889216mm films- TheFourteen Spanish Ninety-two, Explorers part 2 2. Have a group of students givereport a fictionalon the discovery of a new world reactionsin 1973. would be. Have them discuss what their CAREER: 3. Have students research andtowas explain come so difficultto why the it new for world men, on let a ship.alone women, 1. School Counselor or Librarian:SRA Occupational Brief # 185 2. Write to: OccupationalDictionary of Outlook Occupational Handbook Titles 1.CAREER: Arrange to have a geographer visit the Washington,1710Association Sixteenth D.C. of Street,American20036 N.W. Geographers class to discuss his work. 3. Harlandale Audio Visual Center:Mag.T.mametic Geographers tape- 18CURRICULUMCONCEPT CURRICULUM PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE CAREER CONCEPT AND CAREERPERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE INFORMATION CAREER CONQUEST OF MEXICO activities:toThe perform student the should following be able TheCONCEPT: accumulation of stories 1.HISTORIAN: Historians are primarily engaged in - VeraHernan Cruz Cortes . graphs,In two ordiscuss three thepara- historyand legends is an from important throughout historiansteaching, research, are archivists. or writing. They Some - Cortes' allies mythsSpanish which to luredMexico. the knowledgecontribution and understanding.to historical availableidentify, documentarypreserve, and materials make of - Battle of Cholula 2. Briefly explain the importance of the help andThose evaluate who research, such analyze, 2. A graduate degree is usuallyhistorical neces- value. - Montezuma's defeat Indiangiven Cortestribes byand the historians.information are called . A historian workingsary for for the a position in this field. - Spanish retreat La Melenche. togovernment $20,000. usually makes from $6,500 Those working in - Reconquest 3. In a one page paper, discussthe Spanish the entrance to of TheOBJECTIVE: student should be able aboutcolleges $7,000 and touniversities $18,000. make Montezuma'sTenochtitlan acceptance and discussionto participate about inthe a class 4. There are approximately 15,000people employed as historians. 4. List at least four of the Spanish. historians.contributions of expectedEmployment to inincrease this occupation rapidly in is retreatevents thatof the lead Spanish. to the the 1970's. 19 CURRICULUM: SUGGESTED TEACHING METHODS CURRICULUM: AUDIO-VISUAL AND RESOURCE MATERIALS TEACHER'S COMMENTS 1. Have a student bring to classofthe the and account entering read by intoBernal Tenochtitlan. Diaz del Castillo 1. Harlandale Audio-Visual Center:M-52(PR-267)filmstrip with record- HistoryMexico - The Land and Its 2. Have students prepare oralthe reports estimated on population of Tenochtitlan 3. Have the students prepare ata bulletinthe time of the conquest. CAREER: board display on the Aztecs of Mexico. 1. School Counselor or Librarian:SRA Occupational Brief # 377 2. Write to: OccupationalDictionary of Outlook Occupational Handbook Titles 1.CAREER: Ask a historian to speak to the class. Washington,400American A Street, Historical D.C. S.E. Association 20003 3. Harlandale Audio-Visual Center:Mag.T.magnetic Historians tape- 20 CURRICULUMCONCEPT CURRICULUM PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE CAREER CONCEPT AND CAREERPERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE INFORMATION CAREER CONQUISTADORESNORTH AMERICA IN activities:toThe perform student the should following be able LuredCOT:CEPT: by rumors of cities JEWELERS:1. Jewelers make, repair, buy, and - Ponce de Leon . graphs,In two ordiscuss three thepara- ofthe gold, American Coronado Southwest. explored sell jewelry. - NarvaezNuno de Guzman Panfiloexplorations de Narvaez. of whenfirst gold discovered, and silver ancient were 2. The educational requirementsthree-orare trade four-year school cuurses, apprenticeship, - Marcos de Niza 2. Write one page report on Coranado's futile tojewelers work with found and them combined easy ou on-the-job training. - Coronado Cities.search for the Seven jewelry.them with gems to make 3. Repairmen in retail stores ors2ontrade a shopsweek. make about $30 to Manufacturing - De Soto 3. Briefly discuss the objectives Ponce de OBJECTIVE: anjewelers hour. make from $1.60 to $3.05 heLeon began had hisin mindexpedition. where Theto studentname at shouldleast twobe able 4. Skilled jewelers have littletrouble finding jobs. qualificationsfor a jeweler. necessary Examples: coordination,steady hands, etc.eye - hand 21. CURRICULUM: SUGGESTED TEACHING....==111111M1., METHODS 111..W CURRICULUM: AUDIO-VISUAL AND RESOURCE MATERIALS TEACHER'S CCUMENTS 1. On a map of the United States,wanderings trace ofthe both Ponee de Leon and 1. Education Service Center, Region16mm film-20: 2. Have the students look up andCoronado. make 2. Harlandale Audio Visual Center:8892 The Spanish Explorers believeddrawings toof bethe the Zuni Seven Indian Cities villages of Gold. E-33E-34E-40filmstrips- De Leon and De Soto CoronadoStory of H. De Soto 3. Have the students write descriptionsa trip with of the Coronado expedition through the Southwest. CAREER: 1. School Counselor or Librarian:SRA Occupational Brief if 200 CAREER: 2. Write to: OccupationalDictionary ofOutlook Occupational Handbook Titles 1. Ask a jeweler to speak to the class. Washington,1025Retail Vermont Jewelers D.C. Avenue, of America N.W. 20005 22CURRICULUMCONCEPT CURRICULUM PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE CAREER CONCEPT AND CAREERPERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE INFORMATION CAREER AMERICACONQUEST OF SOUTH activities:Theto studentperform shouldthe following be able CONCEPT: GIFT1. TheSHOP gift OWNERS shop AND owner MANAGERS: must know - Pizzaro's Plan . In two or three para-graphs, discuss the plan Weisergrantedfrom Germanyfamily the rightofwere merchants firstto settle theit, merchandise advertise it,- how keep to recordsacquire - Conquest of Peru conquestPizzaro hadof thefor Incas.the areVenezuela. good opportunities Today there successful.on it, and sell it - to be - Almagro's Conquest . Briefly discuss thedisintegration of the offor gift merchants shops. in the area 2. As in most retail businesses,specific a amount of education - LaGermans Plata in Venezuela aidedInca Pizzaro.Empire which a isgift not shop. as requisite to operating However, completion - Brazil . discussIn a one thepage Weiser paper, 3. Income varies for shop owners.of high school is recommended. enterprise in Venezuela. TheOBJECTIVE: student should he able expenses,Some earn while little others more maythan make 4. List the attempts by the RioSpanish de La toPlata conquer region. the jobto nameresponsibilities at least two of annually.as much as $20,000 or more managers.gift shop owners and 4. The outlook in this area isgood. SUGGESTED TEACHING METHODS AUDIO-VISUAL AND RESOURCE MATERIALS TEACHER'S COMMENTS 23 CURRICULUM: 1.CURRICULUM: Education Service Center, Region 20: 1. Have some students recreate Incastiona confronta- betweenin the capitalPizzaro's city men of and Cuzco. the 815316mm film- ContinentGeography of South America - The 2. Have the students make a mapin and the draw countries which make up the 2. Harlandale Audio-Visual Center:16-38216nm film- South America 3. As a class project, have studentsRio de La Plata region. E-36filmstrip- Balbon and Pizzaro researchEuropian and languages report howare manyspoken different in CAREER:, Latin American. 1. School Counselor or Librarian:SRA Occupational Brief # 234 CAREER: 2. Write to: OccupationalDictionary of Outlook Occupational Handbook Titles 1. Ask a gift shop owner or managerspeak toto the class. New51Gift Madison York, Decorative NewAvenue York Accessoriesof America Association 10010 24 CURRICULUMCONCEPT CURRICULUM PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE CAREER CONCEPT ANU CAREERPERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE INFORMATION CAREER KINGSINSPAIN'S AMERICA: GOVERNMENT THE activities:toThe perform student the should following be able CONCEPT: POLICEMAN: - Crown of Castile 1. Write a one page paper on the role of the Crown varietyanEach alcalde. district of duties was to assigned He had a 1. In a small community, policemenhandle many police duties. In large - Adelantado shipof Castile to the inownership relation- of performto maintain one of law which and was usuallypolice departments,assigned to apolicemen specific areduty. - RegidoresCabildo 2. List at least four land. theorder. responsibility of the Today this job is 2. Usually a high school diplomarequired is for this job. Local civil - Alcaldes grantedduties orto privilegesthe local police. Emphasistheservice appointments isregulations placed of on policemen. generallypost-high govern - Audiencia 3. In two or three pare- adelantado. OBJECTIVE: sociology,school training psychology, and courses minority taken in judicialgraphs, discussrole of thethe responsibilitiesTheto studentlist five should duties of bea andable 3. In 1970, entrance salariesrelations, averaged and law enforcement. 4. List three similarities audiencia. patrolpoliceman. streets, investigate Examples: 4. In 1970, there were 330,000 full$8,500. - theand regidoresdifferences and between the crimes, etc. localtime policepolicemen departments. and policewomen in The alcaldes. veryemployment favorable outlook through in thethis 1970's. field is ..--- SUGGESTED TEACHING METHODS AUDIO-VISUAL AND RESOURCE MATERIALS TEACHER'S COMMENTS 25 CURRICULUM: CURRICULUM: 1. Have the students draw a chartpowersdistinguishing of the cabildo between and the the rights audiencia. and 2. Have the students compare ofthe officials type in Colonial Spain and those CAREER: of the Unitod States today. 1. Harlandale Audio-Visual Center:filmstrip- 3. Have a student research and cabildopresentationmake a abierto on toale the significance American way of the T-82Cas.T.-29cassette tape- Police and Police Protection Policeman of life. 2. San Antonio Public Library:16mm film- CAREER; 3. Harlandale Occupational OrientationThe Policeman Office: and His Job 1. Ask a local police officer tothe speak class to 'about his job. Yourtape -Future as a Policeman and Policewoman 4. School Counselor or Librarian:DictionaryOccupationalSRA Occupational of OccupationalOutlook Briefs Handbook 0Titles 54 and 0 107 26 CURRICULUMCONCEPT CURRICULUM PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE T CAREER CONCEPT AND CAREERPERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE INFORMATION CAREER SPAIN'S GOVERNMENT Theto studentperform shouldthe following he able CONCEPT: ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGERS: VICEROYIN AMERICA: THE activities:1. List four powers wasT1-e theviceroy, administrative or governor, 1. An administrative manager several general areas of re- has - -Powers Viceroyalties 2. Write a one page bio- delegated to the viceroy. managerhe governed. of Spain's colony sponsibUity:scheduling workplanning and decidingand how - Visitador - General Franciscographical desketch Toledo. of whosupervisingit can perform be done andthe most instructingwork; efficiently; and those - Important viceroys 3. In a one page paper, discuss the imoortance proceduresintroducing and new equipment methods toand help ofgeneral. the visitador- OBJECTIVE: 2. A bachelor's degree in businesspersonnel and customers. Theto studentexplain shouldthe type be ofable administrationdesirable for orthis accounting position. is worktive done manager. by an administra- 3. Salaries range from about to $20,000 a year. $4,000 4. Employment opportunities aregood. SUGGESTED TEACHING METHODS AUDIO-VISUAL MD RESOURCE MATERIALS TEACHER'S CO1MENTS 27 1.CURRICULUM: Have a student write and report in class 1111.,/ CURRICULUM: theon theKing comparison and those betweengiven to the the powers viceroy. of 2. Have the students write an imaginaryacouunt of an inspection trip by the 3 Haveviceroy the ofstudents New Spain draw to in Vera the Cruz.boundaries CAREER: of Souththe Spanish America. viceroyalties on a map 1. School Counselor or Librarian:DictionarySRA Occupational of Occupational Brief 0 339Titles 2. Write to: Occupational Outlook Handbook 1.CAREER: Ask an administrative manager to speak WillowMarylandAdministrative Grove Road Pennsylvinia Management Society 19090 to the class. 3. 1arlandale Audio-Visual Center:Mag.T.magnetic tape- Managerial Occupations 28 CURRICULUMCONCEPT CURRICULUM PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE CAREER CONCEPT AND CAREERPERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE INFORMATION CAREER IMPORTANTINSPAIN'S AMERICA: GOVEMENT PEOPLE OTHER activities:Theto studentperform shouldthe following be able TheCOrCEPT: corregidor was the CITY1. CityMANAGER: managers develop, administer, - Presidencies 1. In a two page paper, compare the philosophy Todaychief magistratewe have city of managersa town. lineand supervisewith policies city setgovernment by the in - Captaincies - General Bourbonsof the Hapsburgs in relation to theto duties.to perform many of the sane mayorheads,appoint and and andthe other supervisecouncil. employees; department see They - Inten.7PnciesCorregidores World.government in the New enforced;that all lawsetc. and ordinances are 2. Briefly discuss the small,ofadministrative the presidencies units and OBJECTIVE: 2. A bachelor's degree in publicadministration, political 3. List five duties captaincies-general. Theto studentlist at shouldleast twobe ablejob orscience, the social business sciences administration is corregidores.assigned to the manager.responsibilities of a city 3. Salaries vary according tousually the size required. 4. In a one page paper, discuss how the intenden- offrom the $9,000city. to $30,000. They usually make thecies viceroys. took power away fro% 4. The employment opportunitiesthis in field are fairly good. SUGGESTED TEACHING METHODS .1.1m- 29 CURRICULUM: CURRICULUM: AUDIO-VISUAL AND RESOURCE MATERIALS TEACHER'S COMMENTS 1. Have some students report ontakIngchanges how the control in Spain of resultedthat country. in the Bourbons 2. Have a student pretend to dorbe aand Corregi- explain how he would collect taxes 3. Have the students stage an eighteenthfrom the Indian tribes. CAREER: Centurysome problem meeting in with New theSpain. Intendent on Examples: 1. School Counselor or Librarian:SRA Occupational Brief f 96 mining.Education, Indian trouble or silver After the discussion, write a 2. Write to: OccupationalDictionary, of Outlook Ozcuaptional Handbook Titles ofletter the townspeople.to the king about the feelings Washington,1140International Connecticut D.C. City Avenue, Management N.W. Association 20036 1.CAREER: Ask a city manager to speak to the class. 30CURRICULUM CURRICULUM PERFORMANCE CAREER CONCEPT AND CAREER CAREER THE CULTURE OF CONCEPT The student should be able OBJECTIVE CONCEPT: PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE ARTIST - FINE ARTS: INFORMATION SPANISH-AMERICA activities:to perform the following fronSome Spanish-America.great artists came 1. Art is an expression. creates an abject that will evoke The artist - LiteratureEducation 1. List two universities Colonialfounded inAmerica Spanish before a visual experience. - Drama 1600. 2. Special training and post -highhowever,school courses artistic in abilityart are isimportant; - -Music Art 2. Write a one page paper onInesthe lifede la of Cruz. Sor Juana qualificationcertainly the formost success important in this - Architecture 3. Briefly identify three dramatists whose plays OBJECTIVE: 3. While continuing his own work,field. the wereSpanish being Colonial produced America. in Theto Spanish-American studentname at shouldleast twobe artists. able byfree-lance working artiston commissioned makes a living azsign- 4. In two or three pare- graphs, explain how the ments.a regular salary is much more The life of an artists on paintersSpanish andAmerica sculptors were of usuallysev_ae. earn from $3,500 up - and Artists with experience imitatorscreators. rather than the "up" can be very much higher. SUGGESTED TEACHING METHODS AUDIO-VISUAL AND RESOURCE MATERIALS TEACHER'S COMMENTS 31 CURRICULUM:1. Have the students act out a portion CURRICULUM:1. San Antonio Public Library: Molinaof one orof Calderonthe plays de of la either Barca. Tiroso de Mexican-AmericanMexicanArtsThe16mm Oroyco and film- Potters Crafts Mural: ofHeratige Ouetyacoatl Mexico 2. Have a group of students readthe classto some of Sor Juana Ines' de la 2. Education Service Center,Town SpanishRegion in Old 20:Influence Mexico in the United States Cruz's poetry. 87908829882616mm films-Mexican Ceramics DiscoveringArts and Crafts the ofMusic Mexico, of Latin part 2 3. Have some students make a Americaboardbulletin on during churches the builtColonial in LatinPeriod. 87674329 Latin America - NeighborsAn Introduction to the South America CAREER:1. Education Service Center, Region 20: CAREER: 2..Harlandale Audio-Visual Center:847016mm film- Changing Art in Changing World 1. Ask an artist to visit thediscuss class tohis work. recordPR-477 with filmstrip- Careers in Fine Arts 3. School Counselor or Librarian:DictionaryOccupationalSRA Occupational of OccupationalOutlook Brief Handbook # 291Titles 32CURRICULUMCONCEPT CURRICULUZ1 PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE CAREER coNcOr AND t77117-'PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE INFORMATION C1.REER PEOPLELATIN AMERICA OF COLONIAL Theto studentperform shouldthe following be able CONCEPT: ANTHROPOLOC/STS: activities:1. List at least four Physicalstudy anthropologiststhe geographical . Anthropologistsof both primative study and various civilized aspects cul- - -Class Peninsular society placedlimitations on the ofcreole jobs physicaldistribution characteristics of human areastures. of art, language, These aspects might be in the religion, etc. - Creole class. differencestrying to establishbetween races . A for most positions graduatein this field.degree is usually required - Mestizo 2. In a one page paper, discussin the howmountains the Indians were or groups of people. . The salary is usually from $8,000 to - Indio customs.able to maintain their 4. There are about 3,100 people$20,000 +. in the 3. In two or three para- graphs, discuss the OBJECTIVE: Thenumber,field number ortwenty anthropology.of anthropologistsper cent are women. is ex- Out of this mestizosimportance and ofthe the Thestudyingto studentname twothe should reasonsgeographical be whyable 1970's.pected to increase throughout the hacieudas. ofdifferences people would in locationhelp a 5. Areas of specialization inare this linguistics, physical anthro- field inphysical his work. anthroplolgist ethnology.pology, cultural anthropology, and 33 CURRICULUM: SUGGESTED TEACHING METHODS CURRICULUM: AUDIO-VISUAL AND RESOURCE MATERIALS TEACHER'S COMMENTS 1. Have the students sketch thedress type theof Peninsular class would wear 1. Education Service Center, Region16mm film-20: City.on an afternoon on the Paseoin Mexico 4862 LifeSpain in in Mexico the New World - Colonial 2. Have the students research andencomienda compare systemthe to that of the hacienda. CAREER: 3. Have students dramatize fora livingthe class room scene where a Peninsula 1. School Counselor or Librarian:SRA Occupational Brief f 197 Mestizogirl announces man. her marriage to a 2. Write tc: DictionaryOccupational of OccupationalOutlook Handbook Titles 4. Have the students develop a thegraph population showing of Latin America in the Washington,American3700 Massachusetts Anthropologist D.C. Avenue, Association N.W. 20016 middleto the of four the socialEighteenth classes. Century according 3. Harlandale Audio-Visual Center:magnetic tape- 1.CAREER: Invite an anthropologist from one of the Mag.T. Anthropologists discusslocal universities his work. to visit the class to 34CURRICULUMCONCEPT cuRnanzn OBJECTIVE PERFORMANCE CAREER CONCEPT AND CAREERPERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE INFORMATION CAREER MEXICOINDEPENDENCE AND CENTRAL OF Theto studentperform shouldthe following be able CONCEPT: MARKETING RESEAF R WORKERS: AMERICA - Revolutionary 1. Listactivities: four Mestizo leaders importantPublic opinion part inplays gaining an 1. Marketing research workersorganize, collect, and analyze certain - ideas of the Independence support for a revolution. facts and then come up with - Mestizo leaders 2. Write a one Movement in Mexico. page bio- marketinginThis relationship is alsoresearch true to field ina the 2. There are about 20,000 men andpublic opinion information. - Creole leaders Agustingraphical de sketchIturbide. of product on the market. ofwomen others in this work field. as part-time or Thousands . - Military success 3. List three major battlesof the Army of Hidalgo 3. Most jobs in this field requiretemporary survey interviewers. - PoliticalSocial success and explain their outcome. OBJECTIVE: basica college courses education in English, with somemarketing, success 4. In a two thediscuss Mexican whether Independence or not page paper, toThe discuss student and should explain be ablethe psychology,math, economics, and political sociology, science. revolution.War was truly a inrole today's of marketing society. research 35 CURRICULUM: SUGGESTED TEACHING METHODS CURRICULUM: AUDIO-VISUAL AND RESOURCE MATERIALS TEACHER'S COMENTS 1. On a map of Central Mexico, Hidalgo'sstudentshave the traceArmy. the movements of 2. Have the students stage a either"mock" Fathertrial Hidalgo or Maria Morelos. 3. Have the students bring picturesclass of to Diego Rivera's mural in the Museumstory ofof ChapultepecHidalgo's battles. which tells the CAREER:1. School Counselor or Librarian: CAREER: OccupationalDictionarySRA Occupational of Outlook Occupational Brief Handbook # 210Titles 1. Arrange to have a market researchhisanalyst work. visit the class to discuss 36CURRICULUM CURRICULUM PERFORMANCE CAREER CONCEPT AND CAREER CAREER INDEPENDENCE OF CONCEPT The student should be able OBJECTIVE CONCEPT: PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE WARFINGER: ' INFORMATION SOUTH AMERICA - Political activities:to perform the following SouthThe United American States independence hailed 1. The warfinger performs a multi-duty - Social revolution 1. List the countries, in liberatedorder, which by Simonwere werebecause building American up a shippers job,ininspection, connectioncombining and publicwith bookkeeping water contact, transporta- tasks - Leaders revolution 2. Write a one page bio- Bolivar. independentprofitable tradecountries. with the 2. There is a limited number tionof warfin- and shipping operations. - BattlesSuccesses Simongraphical Bolivar. sketch of opportunitiesgers in the United for aStates. small number of Job - Failures 3. In a one page paper, discuss the dissatisfac- created.additional warfingers will be thattion ledamong to therevolution Portenos TheOBJECTIVE: student should be able 3. A high school diploma is usuallyrequired for this job. in the Rio de La Plata to name at least two " 4. Wages vary across the country. In region. warfinger.responsibilities of a to1965, $600 the a mouthsalary on was the about average. $4,000 37 CURRICULUM: SUGGESTED TEACHING METHODS CURRICULUM: AUDIO-VISUAL AND RESOURCE MATERIALS TEACHER'S COMMENTS 1. Have the students re-enactMartinbetween the meetingin SimonGuayaquil Bolivar in Julyand Jose1922. de San 1. Education Service Center, Region407716mm film- 20: Bolivian - South American Liberator 2. On a misip of South America,students have the shade in with one color the withliberatedcountries another byliberated color San Martin.the by countries Bolivar and 3. Have some students researchBolivara reportand give in on the the United activities States. of Simon 1.CAREER: School Counselor or Librarian: CAREER: OccupationalDictionary of Outlook Occupational Handbook Titles 1. Have the students researchharbor.possible all the available jobs at a port or 38 CURRICULUMCONCEPT CURRICULMI OBJECTIVE PERFORMANCE CA PERFOMIANCE OB.TECTIVE AND D CAREER INFORMATION CAREER TCMEXICO: JUAREZ ITURBIDE Theto studentperform shouldthe following be able CONCEPT: ARMED FORCES: - Constitution 1.activities: Briefly discuss the onMexico her militaryplaced emphasis at this 1. The United States Armed Forcesis composed of the Army, Navy, - Federalists crowningevents that of Augeistinled to the time. CoastMarine Guard. Corps, Air Force, and - CentralistsSanta Anna Mexico.Iturbide as King of 2. The Armed Forces often providesyoung people with training and - Benito Juarez 2. In a one page paper, viewscompare of andthe contrastconserva- the civilianexperience czLeer. very suitable for a - FrenchLa Reforms Inter- vention theirtives fightand the for liberals Mexico's in OBJECTIVE: 3. Pay rates are identical forcomparable ranks in all branches - Lerdo 3. Write two or three first Constitution. toThe name student at least should ten be job able of the Armed Forces. 4. Write a two page bio- ofparagraphs Santa Anna. on the life opportunitiesForces. in the Armed Benitographical Juarez. sketch of 5. List four accomplishmentsof La Reform*. CURRICULUM: SUGGESTED TEACHING METHODS CURRICULUM: AUDIO-VISUAL AND RESOURCE MATERIALS 1. Wave a student research andMaxamillion agive report in I classin Mexico. on the reign of 1. Harlandale Audio-Visual Center:M-52M-58filmstrips (PR-267)(PR-269) with records - MexicoThe Life - The of LandBenito and Juarez 2. Have a student make a modelblack of thecarriage in which Juarez, Its History Mexico.O'Campo, and Lerdo traveled around 3. Have the students debate whether or CAREER: mostnot Berritooutstanding Juarez hero deserves in Mexico. to be 1. School Counselor or Librarian:SRA Occupational Brief # 161 CAREER: OccupationalDictionary of Outlook Occupational Handbook Titles 1. Ask a representative from opportunitiesForcesthe Armed to speak in tothe the Armed class Forces. about 40 CURRICULUM CURRICULU3 PERFORMANCE CAREER CONCEPT AND CAREER CAREER MEXICO: PORFIRIO CONCEPT The student should be able OBJECTIVE CONCEPT: DERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE MINING ENGINEERS: INFORMATION DIAZ activities:to perform the following Within demand,industrial new metalsforeign 1. Mining engineers perform avariety of duties. They may help - ArmyAllies 1. List and explain the Porfirioimportance Diaz's of four allies. of mininggiven enterprisesconcessions were ifin the depositquest for is deposits,rich enough decide to - Foreign interest 2. In a two page paper, discuss how Diaz was in Mexico. mine,means determine of extraction the most to thefeasible surface - CientificosOpposition Mexicoto bring from business other count to eq'chargeof the,pment, earth,of safety, and etc. all personnel, general mining They are in businessescountries were.and what those 2. A college degree in miningoperations. is 3. Write a biographical historiansketch on Justo the DiazSierra. TheOBJECTIVE: student should be able necessaryfield. in order to enter this 4. Briefly discuss the importance of positivism engineersthanto explain other are miningwhy in miningmore positions. demand 3. The salaries usually range from$7,800 to $25,000 + a year. duringPorfirio the Diaz.rule of 4. The employment outlook in thisfield is good. SUGGESTED TEACHING METHODS AUDIO-VISUAL AND RESOURCE MATERIALS TEACHER'S CISIMENTS 41 1.CURRICULUM: Have the students make a chart on 1.CURRICULUM: Harlandale Audio - Visual Center: Mexicothe amount from 1876of money to 1910 coming from into other M52filmstrip (PR-267) with record - MexicoHistory - The Land and Its' 2. Have a student research and countries.present Limantour.to the class a report on Jose Yves 3. Have the students draw cartoonsdictatorship on the of Porfirio Diaz. CAREER: . School CounselorOccupationalDictionary orSRA Librarian: Occupational of Outlook Occupational Brief Handbook f 207Titles 1.CAREER: If possible, arrange for a mining 2. Write to: Society of Mining Engineers of the abcutengineer his towork. speak to the class '345New East York, 47th New Street York Metallurgical,American Institute and Petroleumfor Mining, Engineers 10017 42CURRICULUMCONCEPT CURRICULUM PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE CAREER CONCEPT AND CAREERPERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE INFORMATION CAREER MEXICO: RENOLUTION toThe perform student the should following be able CONCEPT: STEEL WORKERS: TO PRESENT - Madero activities:1. In a one page paper, isThe a ironvital and element steel toindustry . There are many the production of steel. workers involved in Some of - Huerta ofexplain the brothers the importance Magon the economy of Mexico. keepers,operators,these are hot stovethe -metal stockhouse tenters, cranemen, blowers,men, door skip - Villa Carranza 2. In two or three pages, aidingand Zapatistas Madero. in pourer,operators, etc. welters, ladle cranemen, - CallesObregon 3. Indicate on a chart, Vicrorianodiscuss the Huerta. role of . A high for jobs in this field. school graduate is preferred - CardenasTurn to the inthe poweryear andfrom president 1911 to OBJECTIVE:The student should be able . The minimum steelloweat industry job classification in 1970 was inabout the hourly rate for the right 4. In a one page paper, discuss1917. the constitation into thename steel at least industry. three jobs about$2.77. $110. The average weekly pay is 5. List four industries of 1917. . The should remain somewhat constant. demand for workers in this area Lasaronaturalized Cardenas. by aThere year arein thisabout field. 12,000 openings 43 CURRICULUM:1. Have the students make a college 1.CURRICULUM: San Antonio Public Library: ofthe the participants. revolution and include all 2. Education Service Center, Tomorrow'sRegion16mm film20: -Mexico 2. Have a student research and topresent the class a report Alvaro Obregon. 82712098209716nm films- Mexico,LatinLatin America, America,Part 1 Part Part 1 2 3. Have the students prepare and then 3. Harlandale Audio-Visual Center:827216mm films- Mexico, Part 2 Carranzapresent aand skit "Pancho" on a meeting Villa. between 16-49116-46116-25616-681 Mexico,MexicoMexico: VillageCityLandChanging to inColor LandTransition and Contrast H-27H-24filmstrips- RanchFarmen in of Northern Mexico Mexico CAREER: 1.CAREER: School Counselor or Librarian: 1. If possible, arrange to havewhospeak works to inthe the class steel about industry job opportunities to -Acme OccupationalDictionarySRA Occupational of Outlook Occupational Brief Handbook S 84Titles in the steel industry. 2. Write to: Pittsburgh,United1500 CommonwealthSteel Pennsylvania Workers Building of America 15227 ---- CURRICULUM44 CONCEPT CURRICULUM PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE CAREER CONCEPT AND CAREERPERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE INFORMATION CAREER CENTRAL AMERICA Theactivities:to studentperform shouldthe following be able TheCONCEPT: production of fruit 1.FRUIT Fruit GROWERS: growers must perform - United Provinces 1. List four accomplishments of Rafael Carrera. Centralis important American to the planting,a variety pruning,of tasks: harvesting, plowing, - GuatemalaEl Salvador 2. In a one page paper, discuss the accomplish- countries. 2. In order to come out ahead,marketing, the etc. - NicaraguaHonduras 3. In two or three para- ments of riburcio Caries. atfruit least grower $15,000 needs a year. to take in One - Costa Rica ofgraphs, the Somoza discuss family. the rule OBJECTIVE: thirdfor himselfof this andis thenhis family.left over - Panama 4. In a one page paper, in Nicaragua. Theto studentname the should areas beof ablethe 3. There has been a decline innumber the of fruit growers in recent economydiscuss ofhow Panama much theis Unitedis grown. States where fruit years. dominatedStates. by the United SUGGESTED TEACHING METHODS AUDIO-VISUAL AND RESOURCE MATERIALS TEACHER'S COMMENTS 45 CURRICULUM: CURRICULUM:1. San Antonio Public Library: 1. Have the students draw a chartCentrallist and the America products which that are come of outimportance of 2. Education Service Center, RegionPanama16mm film-20: to the rest of the world. 8048880616mm films- CentralWorldThe Panama America Canal, - The Gateway Crowded to High-the 2. Have a student do a researchon paper John Lloyd Stephens. 20978073 LatinAmericaThelands CoastalAmerica, Lowlands Part 1 of Central 3. Have some students do a reporton the "pros" and "cons" of the 3. Harlandale Audio-Visual Center:82742098 Middle America - The Land and the LatinPeople America, Part 2 United Fruit Company. H-25H-23filmstrips- PanamaCosta Rica,and the the Canal Rich Coast CAREER: H-26 People of Guatemala CAREER: 1. School Counselor or Librarian:SRA Occupational Brief .# 44 1. Ask a fruit grower to speak classto the about his work. 2. Write to: OccupationalDictionary of Outlook Occupational Handbook Titles Washington,United777 14th Fresh Street, D.C. Fruit N.W.andAssociation Vegetable 20005 46 CURRICULUMCONCEPT CURRICULUM PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE CAREER CONCEPT AND CAREERPERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE T INFORMATION CAREER CARIBBEAN COUNTRIES activities:toThe perform student the should following be able CONCEPT: LUMBERMAN: - CubaHaiti 1. In a one page paper, discuss the importance ofOne Haiti of the is chiefwood. products 1. There are a variety of jobs infor the lumber industry. The fellers men - Dominican Republic theof theUnited rule States of Cuba under by limbstrees.begin andthe cutharvest the trunkby cutting into lengthsthe The buckers trim off the 2. Write a biographical the Platt Amendment. measuressuitable the forlogs. lumber. At the sawmill, A log scaler Batista.sketch of Fulgencio scalerpondthe boomand measures separatemen walk the them.on logs the tologs determine in the The deck 3. In a two page report, discuss the invasion and OBJECTIVE: tains.the number of feet of lumber it There are eight to ten other con- Fideleventual Castro take-over of the by necessaryTheto studentname atattributes shouldleast threebe for able workersfinished down product the line goes before to market. the 4. Briefly discuss the island of Cuba. Examples:today's lumberman. strength, courage, 2. There are usually no educationalrequirements for this jcb. rule of Francois 4 skill, mechanical ability, Duvalier. etc. 3. Wages vary greatly accordingerarea earns toof the employment.$1.75 to $4.00 an hour. The average work- SUGGESTED TEACHING METHODS AUDIO VISUAL AND RESOURCE MATERIALS TEACHER'S COMMENTS 47 CURRICULUM: CURRICULUM. 1. Have some students report ondramatic interview of Fidel Castro the 1. San Antenio l'ablic Library:LatinCuban16mm films CrisisAmerica, Past, Present and Future byTimes. Herbert L. Mathews of the New York 2. Education Service Center,The Years Under Castro Region 20: 2. Have the students make chartsCubaindicating before sugarand after production the in take-over 20982097494416mm films- LatinClIba -America, The Land Part and 21the People 3. Have a student research of Fidel Castro. and explain CAREER: existedto the classin Haiti. the Caste System which 1. School Counselor or OccupationalDictionary_SRA Occupational of Outlook Occupational Brief Handbook Titles Librarian: 105 CAREER: I 2. Write to: 1. Ask a lumberman to speak toabout his work. the class Washington,919'1711American Street,Forestry D.C. N.W. Association 20006 48CURRICULUMCONCEPT CURRICULIM PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE CAREER CONCEPT AND CAREERPERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE INFORMATION CAREER ANDEAN COUNTRIES activities:Theto studentperform shouldthe following be able PeruCONCEPT: is one of the 1.FISHERMEN: Tuna fishing is one of the most im- - Ecuador . In a two page paper, World's fishing nations. portantthe United kinds States. of commercial fishing in This is part of a - PeruBolivia mentsthediscuss Ageand ofthefailures Garcia accomplish- of 130,000$454 million fishermen. industry for more than Shrimp accounted - Chile . List at least fourMoreno. 2. Requirements for today's fishermanfor more than $100 million in 1967. Ageaccomplishments of Guarro. of the TheOBJECTIVE: student should be able businessmechanicalare expert ability, ability,seamanship, and physical knowledge courage, stamina, of . Briefly discuss Republicansfailuresthe of inthe Bolivia Examples:isticsto list of threemostlove fishermen.ofcharacter- outdoors, 3. Most fishermen are not paidTheynavigation. salaries. are usually paid on a share basis 4. List three difficulties in the 1950's. physicalgood seamanship stamina, ability, etc. earnbasis $15,000of the catch.a year or more. Captains can A Freithat whenfaced he President took office 4. Fishing'in the United Statesmorefisherman is than still $10,000. in a good year can earn in 1964. declininga big industry, in recent but years.it has been SUGGESTED TEACHING METHODS 49 CURRICULUM: CURRICULUM: AUDIO-VISUAL AND RESOURCE MATERIALS TEACHER'S COMMENTS 1. Have a student research andthe present class whatto is meant by the term 1. San Antonio Public Library:HighlandsAmazcnFarmers16mm films- Family of of the the Andes Andes 2. Have a student write a report"Chile: on the the four countries." 2. Education Service Center, Region16mmSoutLSoPeople That films- 20:America ofMen Chile are Free 3. Have the students collect Perupictures - Cornell of project. 2098209780598379 LatinChileSouth (Spanish)America, America Part 21 inthe the architectural city of Quito. heaven which exists 3. Harlandale Audio-Visual Center:8309811080338807 PeruEcuadorBolivia - People of the Andes 4. Have the students research and draw H-37filmstrips-16-3716mm film- Inca LandsChile in Peru picturesIndians ofof theBolivia. colorful dress of the H-32H-36H-34H-33 DesertPeruChileHighlands to ForestPeople inof ChileBolivia CAREER:1. Ask a fisherman to speak to the class 1.CAREER: School Counselor orlLibrarian:DictionarySRA Occupational of Occupational Brief D 49Titles about his work. 2. Write to: AmericanOccupational1 Ttna LaneTunaboat Cutlook Association Handbook Wastington,1225NationalSan ConnecticutDiego, Fisheries D.C. California Avenue, Institute N.W. 20036 92101 50CURRICULUMCONCEPT CURRICULUM PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE CA: CR CONCEPT AND CAREERPERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE INFORMATION CAREER BRAZILIAN AREA Theto studentperform shouldthe following be able CONCEPT: ROTARY DRILLING CREWS: - Pedro I and II 1.activities: In a one page paper primaryThe oil importanceindustry is in of 1. Typically a rotary drilling consistscrew of a driller and four or - GetulioRepublic Vargas ofdiscuss Pedro IIthe of government Brazil. Venezuela, operatesfive helpers. the machinery to control The rotary driller The derrickman - Venezuela 2. Write a one page biographical sketch of speedareis second theand rotarypressure. in charge. helper, Other membersengineman, - Colombia 3. In two or three para- of Getulio Vargas. andthe thetool roustabout. pusher or chiefdriller, rulegraphs, of Pomulo discuss the OBJECTIVE: 2. These workers usually beginhelpers as and then advance to one of Leoni.Betancourt and Raul toThe name student the positionsshould be onable orthe vocationalspecialized school jobs. education A high school is 4. Briefly discuss the liberal - conservative crew.a typical rotary drilling usually required. instruggle the twentieth in Colombia 3. In 1970, the average earningsnonsupervisory$153.87 of weekly positions or $3.57 wasper abouthour. century. 4. The employment outlook in thisfield is very good. CURRICULUM: SUGGESTED TEACHING METHODS CURRICULUM: AUDIO VISUAL AND RESOURCE MATERIALS TEACHER'S CMIENTS 31 1. Have the students create a collage of 1. San Antonio Public Library:RepublicBrasilia16mm films- of Colombia producedthe different in Brazil. products that are 2. Education Service Center, Region874616mmSouth films- 20:America Colombia 2. Have some students research toand the present class with records the different 8789843420982097 TheVenezuelaLatinNorthLatin Amazon, America, BrazilAmerica, People Part Part and 1 2 Resources of intypes both of Venezuela dances which and Colombia.have originated 839780758718 ColombiaSouthForestBrazil America - Change Comes to the Rain 3. Have a student research andpresentation make a on the Modern City of 3. Harlandale Audio-Visual Center:16-46716mm2020 films- Brazil - The Rude Awakening,Brazil, People Part of1 the Highlands Rio de Janeiro. H-38H-39filmstrips-16-304 MountainNew Venezuela Farmers of ColombiaThe Amazon CAREER: CAREER: H-35H-30H-29 AmazonBrazilColombia Village and Venezuela 1. Invite a rancher to speak toabout the classhis job. 1. Harlandale Audio-Visual Center:filmstrip-16-68916mm film- Cattleman 2. San Antonio Public Library:LoneM-9716mm Star films- Roundup RaisingThe Story of Agriculture and Stock 3. Education Service Center, Region237216mmGrass film- and20: Cattle AOur Rancher's Changing StoryWay of Life - Cattleman- CURRICULUM52 CONCEPT CURRICULUM PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE CAREER CONCEPT ANO CAREERPERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE INFORMATION CAREER REGIONRIO DE LA PLATA activities:Theto studentperform shouldthe following be able TheCONCEPT: cattle industry is 1.CATTLE The RANCHER:number of cattle ranchers has - Argentina 1. Briefly discuss the struggles between the Argentina.very important to declinedThe ranches as the are years larger have than gone before by. - UruguayParaguay caudillosgauchos and in theArgentina. 2. Having grown up on a ranchhowever. is an 2. Write a two page report on the rule of Juan OBJECTIVE: interestedimportant assetin this to area.someone Courses 3. List five accomplishmencsPeron. Theto studentname four should major be problems able areschools also availableand colleges. in some high Ordonez.of Jose Batlle and rancher.encountered by the cattle Example: 3. The outlook, economically, incattle ranching is expected to 4. In two or three para- graphs, discuss the disease of cattle, etc. population,improve with thus the causing increase a greaterin War.results of the Chaco demand for beef. 53 CURRICULUM: SUGGESTED TEACHING METHODS CURRICULUM: AUDIO-VISUAL AND RESOURCE MATERIALS TEACHER'S COMIENTS 1. Have some students give a reportlatest on attempt the by Juan Peron to return L. Harlandale Audio-Visual Center:H-31filmstrip- Argentina 2. Have the students make mapsto ofArgentina southern for support. 2. Education Service Center, Region16-47716mm film-20: Buenos Aires - Gateway to Argentin countriesSouth America wiach and touch to shapethe Parana, in the Uruguay 8021871916mm films- Argentina - The Port City and the and De la Plata Rivers. 1.CAREER: Harlandale Audio-Visual Center: Pampa filmstrip-16-68916mm film- Cattleman CAREER: 2. San Antonio Public Library:M-97 RaisingThe Story of Agriculture and Stock 1. Invite a rancher to speak aboutto the his class job. GrassLone16mm Starfilms-and CattleRoundup 3. Education Service Center, Region237216mm film- 20: aOut Rancher's Changing StoryWay of Life - Cattleman - 4. School Counselor or Librarian:OccupationalDictionarySRA Occupational of Outlook Occupational Brief Handbook 1 42 Titles `5'-)1/ 55 Introduction to Vocations should be a lively, student-centered and SUGGESTIONS FOR TEACHING-LEARNING ACTIVITIES APPENDIX activity-filled course. Lecture situations.Belowsessions are shouldlisted beideas held which to a mightminimum. be helpful in planning for varied types Add to these as the year progresses. of teaching-learning 3.2.1. ThemeSkitsInterviews writing 26.25.24. GamesBrainstormingResource person "MI 6.4.7.5. SmallGeneralDebatesBulletin group Discussion Boards discussion 30.29.28.27. RadioPrepareDemonstrationsResearch and lists projectsTelevision Programs 11.10.9.8. 14.1warTerOral reports articles InclividualCommittee work or group study 34.33.32.31. ChalktalksProjectsPanelIllustrations discussions 13.12.16.15.14. FieildMO7iCi SlidesOverheadFilmstrips trips and/or 39.33.36.35.37. TestsWinnowPrepareMake Problem Meedisplays charts solving and graphs 19.18.17. WriteCollectEmployment want want adsSecurity ads Commission opaque projections 44.43.42.41.40. NotebooksPrepareThoughtWriteAssigned letters speechesproblems reading 23.22.21.20. RoleObservationCollectExhibits playing materials job lists 46.45. LectureScrapbooks and(From J. R.Introduction Clary, North to Carolina)Vocations, Teacher's Guide, Course Number 799, July, 1965, prepared by H. E. Beam 56 CAREER DEVELOPMENT CONCEPTS WorkIndividuals has dignity. work to meet personal and social needs. PeopleIndividualsSchool work is partfor need variousof special the preparationrewards training or satisfactions.for somea career. careers. SomeInIndividuals many workers careers are produce people,cooperation goods; thing othersamong or idea workersproduce oriented. isservices. essential. PositionsSpecializationCareers areare groupedrelated leads tobywithin interdependencyjob families.job families. among people. GeographicalCareerSupply choiceand demand location affects help determinesthe determine individual's kindscareer oftotal choice. work life. found therein. TechnologicalIndividuals and need sociological a good general changes education eliminate as preparationand create jobs. for a changing world. LeisureSchoolCareer subjects timechoice activities ishave a developmentalsignificance affect career forprocess. choice.career exploration. ExploratoryIndividuals workdiffer experience in their helpsabilities, improve interests, knowledge attitudes, about careers. and values. 37 WorkersObservationInteraction of the of with futurepeople workers mayat work havehelp helps toimprove retrain improve knowledge two knowledge or moreabout timesabout careers. careers. during a lifetime. InformationInformationIndividuals about aboutlive careers inabilities, a particular is needed aptitudes, geographical by all and individuals. achievement, location due and to acceptance the nature of this informationof their work.help A Individuals'individualssatisfying careermake socio-economic more contributes realf.stic backgrounds tc career mental decisions. affecthealth. career choices. withRelating career careerattitudes choice. possibilities and interests to schoolto characteristics subjects helps of improvecareers studentimproves motivation. probability of satisfaction ThetheIndividuals individual's life styles are attitudesofattracted workers. affectto careers success due into athe career. relationship of the characteristics of the careers to 58 OCCUPATIONAL CLUSTERS MarketingBusiness andand DistributionOffice Occupations ConstructionCommunications and Media Occupations ManufacturingTransportation MarineAgri-BusinessEnvironmental Science and Control Natural Occupations Resources HospitalityHealthPublic OccupationsServices and Recreation PinePersonalConsumer Arts Services andand HumanitiesHomemaking Related 59 60 THE NATIONS OF LATIN AMERICA 1. ARGENTINA - independence fromCapital Spain, - 1816.Buenos Aires. Chief products - grains, meat, wool, hides. Area - 1,072,749 sq. mi. PopulationSheep, cattle, - 23,983,000. horses, goats, 2.. and pigs BOLIVIAform the - chiefindependence wealth offrom ranches. Spain, 1825. Chief products - tin and other metals, petroleum, potatoes, bananas, citrus fruits, rubber, Area - 424,163 sq. mi. Population - 4,804,000. Capital - 3. BRAZILLaPopulationcinchona Paz. - independence bark. - 93,700,000. from Portugal, 1889 (declared a federal republic). Capital - Brasilia. Chief products - coffee, cotton, beans, cacao, tobacco, Area - 3,287,195 sq. mi. 4. Santiago.CHILEsugar, - hides,independence ai'tomotive from Spain,parts, 1818-18.aluminum, petro-chemicals, cement, and pharmaceuticals. Chief products - copper (a world leader), nitrate, iodine, wheat, rice, barley, oats, Area - 286,396 sq. mi. Population - 9,566,000. Capital- 5. Bogota.beans,COLOMBIAleum, lentils, minerals, - independence apples, dyewoods. melons, from Spain, peaches, 1886. plums. Chief products - 95 per cent of world's gem emeralds, coffee, rice, tobacco, cotton, petro- Area - 455,335 sq. mi. Population - 20,463,000. Capital- 7.6. SanCOSTACUBA Jose. RICA- independence - independence from fromSpain, Spain, 1902. 1821. Chief products - coffee, bananas, fats, oils, timber, cotton, rubber. Area 44,206 sq. mi. Area 23,421 sq. mi. Population - 8,250,000. Capital - Havana. Population - 1,695,000. Capital- 8. DOMINICANChiefCapital products -REPUBLIC Santo - sugar,Domingo. - independence from Spain, 1844. tabacco, textiles,Chief productscabinet woods.- sugar, cacao, coffee, livestock. Area - 19,333 sq. mi. Population - 4,174,000. 10. 9. ELQuito.ECUADOR SALVADOR - independence - independence from from Spain, Spain, 1830. 1821. Chief products - minerals, petroleum, bananas, cement, edible oils, textiles. Area - 116,270 sq. mi. Area - 8,259 sq. mi. Population - 5,890,000.Population - 3,390,000. Capital- Capital - 11. GuatemalaSanGUATEMALA Salvador. City. - indepencence from Spain, 1839. Chief product - coffeeCheif (80 productsper cent -of coffee, exports). rare woods, bananas, cotton, chicle gum. Area - 42,042 sq. mi. Population - 5,014,000. Capital - 12. GUYANA - independence from France and Great Britain, 1966. Area - 83,000 sq. mi. Population 61 13. HAITICapital742,000. - independence - Port-au-Prince. from Spain and France, 1804. Capital - Georgetown. Chief products - coffee, molasses, wood. Chief products - sugar, rice. Area - 10,714 sq. mi. Population - 4,768,000. 15.14. MEXICOTegucigalpa.HONDURAS - independence- independence from from Spain Spain, and 1821.France, 1823. Cheif product - bananas. Area - 44,482 sq. mi. Area - 758, 259 sq. mi. Population - 2,495,000. Capital - Population - 48,313,438. 16. NICARAGUAtomatoes,Capital -- freshMexicoindependence and City. frozen from meats. Spain, 1838. Chief products - minerals, petroleum, livestock, cotton, coffee, cane sugar, Area - 57,145 sq. mi. Population - 1,915,000. Capital - 17. Managua.PANAMArice, tobacco, - independence wheat. from Spain, 1903. Cheif products - meat, bananas, lumber, cotton,Cheif products coffee, -sugarcane, bananas, pineapples,corn, beans, cacao, cacao, coconuts, livestock, coffee, rice, sugar, Area 28,576 sq. mi. Population - 1,417, 000. Capital - 18. PARAGUAYabacaPanama2,303,000. fiber,City. - cement, shrimp. independenceCapital from Portugal- Asuncion. and Spain, 1811. Chief products - livestock, timber, corn, mandioca, cotton, beans, Area - 157, 000 sq. mi. Population - 19. Lima.PERUpeanuts, - independence from Spain, 1824. Chief products - fish (world'stobacco, top fishing citrus nation), fruits, cotton,beef, cotton livestock, fiber, wool, quebracho hides, wood, sugar, tannin, hides, vegetable oils. Area 514,049 sq. mi. Population 13,172,000. Capital - 20. MeatMontevideo.URUGUAYcoffee, packing, -rice, independence metallurigical, potatoes, from beans, Spain,textile, barley, 1825. and tobacco. wine making industries are important. Chief products - livestock, meat, wool, hides, corn, citrus fruits, rice, oats, linseed. Area - 72,172 sq. mi. Population - 2,852,000. Capital - 21. manganese,rubber,VENEZUELACaracas. steel, asbestos,- independence plate diamonds, glass, from flour. mica,Spain, coffee, 1830. canned and dried fish, sisal, cacao, Chief products - oil (world's largest producer), livestock, iron, gold, copper, salt, tin, Area - 352,150 sq. mi. Population - 10,035,000. Capital - balata, tonka beans, 62 STORIES BEHIND THE NAMES OP LATIN-AMERICAN COUNTRIES 2.1. GUATEMALAMEXICOof Maxitl, was comes named the from war-god."by thethe AztecsIndian forword their "Quauhtemallan," tribal war-god, meaning Mexitl. "Rotten Tree." Hence, the name means "Temple When the Indians 3. namedELexplored SALVADOR it "the Guatemala meansland of"Holy they rotten Saviour,"found trees." it heavilyunder whose forested, protection but a theblight colony had waskilled placed many by trees. the Spanish So they 4. HONDURASshipsexplorers.it has first is been a sailedSpanish known into asword "The the meaning Landharbors of"depths." Deepthey Waters."found waters so deep that they could not anchor. The country was so named because when the Spanish Hence, 6.5. NICARAGUACOSTA RICA derives is Spanish its name for from"rich "Nicarao," coast." Whenthe namethe Spanishof a great explorers Indian landedchief whothere once they ruled found the that land. 7. because"ThePANAMAthe Richnatives theyis Coast an found hadIndian Land." quantities many word different meaning of gold species"abounding and that of fishinthe fish." coastalin the warmplains waters were surroundingvery fertile, the so country. they named it The Indians gave this name to their country 9.S. PARAGUAYCOLOMBIA was named byfor the Columbus, Indians whofor firstits great landed river there which on histhey voyage called of "Paraguacu" exploration. or "the great 10. wouldARGENTINAwater." find meansrich silver"Land ofdeposf_ts Silver" there. and was so named by the Spanish because they believed that they 11. Venezuela,builtVENEZUELAcourse, on posts they isthey Spanish itsexclaimed found a swamp. forthere at"little once,an Indian Venice.""Here village is a new built Venezuela...little on posts over water Venice:" along the coast. When the Spanish, who knew about old Venice, came to the coast of Venice is a city in Italy which was famous for being So, of 63 12. calledcountryBRAZIL "braza" deriveswas discovered, orits "live-coal" name itfrom was thewood found Portuguese and to soon contain theword countrya "braza"wood whichwas meaning called gave "live-coal." aBrazil, bright orred land of the brass Notdye. long after the This was wood. 13.14. afterURUGUAYCHILE a wasgreatis anamed wordwaterfall forwhich a thrush,whichmeans, resembles innative an Indian to the that outspreaddialect, country, "bird'stail which of tail."hasa bird. a call that soundi like The Indians named the country "tschili." 16.15. BOLIVIAPERUSouth gets Americanwas its named name republics. for from Simon "Piru," Bolivar, an Indian a native chieftain of Venezuela whom the and Spanish one of conquered.the great liberators of the 18.17. ECUADORitCUBA is is themeans an largest Indian "Land islandwordof the meaning ofEquator" the "districtgroup. because or the place." equator crosses it almost in The Indians gave the island thi: name because the middle. 19. theofHAITI theother isisland thehalf Indian answersSanto nameDomingo, this for description. theor "Holyisland Sunday" of Santo because Domingo, they and first means landed "rough on orthe island on When the Spanish came and divided the island, they named This island had more fresh-water craggy," for much Sunday. 21.20. "thePUERTOspringsJAMAICA rich RICOthanis port also isany ofSpanish anof St. Indianthe John," forothers. word"rich that and port."is, means San "aboundingJuan. in springs." This island was named by the Spanish for its chief harbor, 64 SUGGESTED READINGS FO LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES Adams, Richard N., Cultural Surveys of Panama-Honduras.Nicarogua - Guatemala - El Salvador - Cox,Cockburn, Issac John,J., Nicaragua A Journey and Over the GulfLand, United of From Honduras States, the to the Great South Sea. Akler,Adams, HahnRichard H., N.,Public Political Finance Chenges and Economic inDevelopmentGuatemalan Indianin Guatemala. Communities. Doyle,Denny, HenryHarold Grattan, Norman, TheDollars Carabbean: forCentrn11909-1927. Bullets. American Area. The Arevalo,Alexander,Bailey, JuanThomas Robert Jose, A., J., TheEscritosHispanic Counism Shark Politicos.Americanand in theLatin Sardines.Historical America. fenwick,Duncan,Dozier, Julian C.Charles L., S.,Indigenous H., Journal The American Tropicalof InterStudies,in Central Journal-Agriculture American V. America.of Stu Bianchi,Bancraft, William Hubert J.,Howe, Belize: History of CentralBetweenAmerica.Review, XIV.Guatemala and Great Britian Over The Controversy Floyd,Feuerlein, S., "TheWilly Guatemalan John, Proposals Merchants,EconomicsInternational for thethe DevelopmentFurther Law, XLVI. of El Salvador. Brown,Bloomfield, Phillip Louis H., M.,American The British Political Honduras- ScienceGuatemalaCentralthe Territory America. Dispute. of British Honduras in Gage, Thomas, The English-American:XLIGovernment,Survey1600," (1961). ofHispanic theand Westthe American Provincianos,Indies. Historical 1750 Review,- A New Burgess,Bumgcrtner, Paul, Louis Justo E., Rufino Jose delBarrios: Valle CentralAmerica.Review. A Gillin,Galich, John,Manuel, Culture Del Panico of Security al AtaqueCarlos:Por inque Sanand lucha Guatemala. A Study of a Guatemalan Community of Bush,Busey, Archer James C.,L., OrganizedNotesThe Western on CostaLabor Political Ricanin Guatemala, Democracy. Quarterly,XIV.Biography. Hill,Gubb,Griffith, RoscoeKenneth, William R., Religion Fiscal J., Hispanic Interventionin Central Review,AmericanIndians America. in XL. Historicaland Ladinos. Checchi,Chamberlain,Carr, Archie Vincent, Robert Fairly, Honduras: S., High Francisco Jungles Morazan, and Low.Champion1944-1949. of Central American Federation. A Problem in Economic Hoselitz,Halleran, BertholdMary P., Frank,Church Industrialand State1912-1915.Nicaragua inDevelopment Guatemala. and American Marines in Nicaragua, Clegern, Wayne H., American Journal of Inter-HistoricalnationalDevelopment. Law Review, and Hispanic XL. American Hudson,Hoyt, Elizabeth Manley 0.,E. American JournalnationrlAffairs,of El ofSalvador. Inter-Law,IX. XXVI. Inter-American Economic Humphreys, Robin A., Latin American History: Numley, Robert E., The Distribution of 65 Humphreys,Inman, Samuel Robin Guy, A., AThe New Diplomatic Day in Guatemala, HistorA StudyBritishGuide A ofto of thethe BritisE-Tron PresentLiterature Social uras, in English.Revolution. 163 - of Parker,Padelford, Franklin Norman D., J., Jose International CecilioXI.Population del Organization, Valle in Costa and R ca. JamesIreland, Daniel, Gordon, Red DesignBoundaries, for the Possessions Americas:theConflicts and Caribbean. in Central and North America and Parker, Franklin D., The CentralRepublic.Confederation.the American Establishment of the Central American Jones,James, Chester Preston Lloyd, E., Latin Costa America. Rica and CivilizationGuatemalanin the Caribbean Prelude. and Guatemala, Past and Praskouriakoff,Pincus,Phillips, Joseph, P. Lee, Tatiana,The A ListCentral Aof Study Books,AmericanMarket.Articles, of MagazineClassic Common and Maps Relating, to Central America. Kantor,Kalijarvi, Harry, Thorsten The CostaV., Central Rican ElectionAmerica: AofPresent.of Case Lords1953: Study. and Lizards. Land Raine,Reina, Alice,Ruben E., Chinautla, aPlaya GuatemalanIndianBarrios. Sculpture. Community and Human Organization, XVII. Emit of Guatemala: Justo Keller,Karnes, ThomasFrank L.,L., JournalThe FailureAmericas, of Inter-American of XVUnion: (1959).Central America, 1824-1960. Rey,Schneider, Julio Adolf, Ronald Hispanic M., Communism AmericanReview,1944-1954. in HistoricalGuatemala, XXXVIII. Loomis,Kepner, Charles Charles P., David, Turrialba: Social Aspects ofand BanonaStudies,V.the the IntroductionIndustry. of Change. Social Systems Shattuck,Shafer,Scroggs, Robert GeorgeWilliam Jones,Chiever, 0., FilibustersThe A EconomicMedicalthein the Republicand Survey SocietiesSpanish Financiers. ofof World. Guatemala. Martz, John D., CentralCommunist America: Infiltration inGuatemala.the Challenge. The Crisis and Simpson,Silvert, KalmanLesley H.,Byrd, A Study,Encomieda inGuatemala. Government:in New Spain. May,Martz, Stacy, John Costa D., JustoRica: Rufino Barrios andDevelopment.American Central Union. A Study in Economic Smith, Robert S., "IndigoEconomic Productionaand DevelopmentHistoricalinCultural Colonial Change. andReview, Guatenala,Trade XXXIX " (1959).Hispanic American Morley,Munro,Montenegro, SylvanusDana G.,Mario G.,TheIntervention Nemdez, TheFive Ancient Republics Combate and Maya. Dollar (1959).of Central Diplomacyin the Caribbean, 1900-1920. Spinden,Smith, Robert Herbert "s775iigins J., A Study, of Review,Guatemala,"ofthe Maya Consulado XXVIArt Hispanicand(1946). of American Historical Nogales,Nash, Manning, Rafael Machine de, The AmlIqaya: Looting of Nicaragua.America.ization of a Guatemalan Community. The Industrial- Squier, Ephraim George, NicaraguaCentralAmerica.Ancient and America.Civilizations Notes on of Mexico and Central 66 Stephens,Stakes, William John Lloyd,S., Honduras: Incidents of TravelCentralGovernment. in America, Chiapos, and Yucatan. An Area Study in Zimmerman, Irene, A Guide toTENFEWIT. CurrentAmerican Latin. Period/arilHumanities and Social Tate,Suslow, John, Leo Academic A., Aspects Culture of Socialin the ReformsSpanishColonies.in Guatemala, 1944-1949. Thompson,Tate,Tate John, John, J.The TheEric Elf!hteenth-Cer.tury University S., The Rise in theand KinrdomEnlightenmentFall ofGuatemala. ofinMaya the University of San Carlos de Guatemala. Travis,Tower,Toriello, FrederickIra Guillermo, D., British J., 3asicLa RuleBatalla Data in Coatralonde theGuatemala. EconomyAmerica:ofCivilization. Honduras. Turner, Georcc P., An Analysis of the EconomyofBulrver1895)or aEl Sketch Salvador,and Treaty. The of HistoryMosquito April, of 1961.History. the Clayton (Ann -Arbor vonVogt, Humboldt,Hagen, William, Victor Alexander, The Wolfgang, Ponulation Personal Maya of Explorer.ElNarrative SalvadorTrrvelsits of Naturaland to theResources. Equinoctial Regions of Wallich,Wagner,Waddel, PhillipDavidHenry A.C., L., C., Public Nicoya, British Finance a Honduras:Cultural in a Geography.aHistoricalAmerica. and Contemporary Survey. Williams,Whetten, NathanMary W., L., Anglo-American Guatemala - The Isthmian Land theCaseDevelopingand People. Study. Country: El Salvador - A Young,Wilson, John Charles Parke, Morrow, Central Empire American in Green Currency andandGold.Diplomacy, Finance. 1815-1915. SELECTED REFERENCES FOR CAREER INFORMATION 67 Adler,Allen, Lee, Louis and L. Crespi, Irving, eds. Assn., 1968. Starting ..nd Succeeding in Your Own Snell Business. Attitude Research on the Rocks. New York:Chicago: AmericanGrasset Marketing6 Dunlap. American"Architects," Braham OccupationalCattle (Booklet). Outlook Handbook. Off ice. Houston: American Brahman(Latest Breeders edition.) Assn. Washington: Government Printing ArchivalBelleau, Education Wilfrid E.Directory. annually. Funeral Service as a Career. (Free.) Ann Arbor, Mich.: Milwaukee: Sm.iety of American Archivists, revisedPark Publishing, 1966. Bovin,Binkley, Murray. Harold R. and Hammonds Carsie. Danville, Ill.: Jewelry Makine for Schools, Tradesmen, Craftsmen. Interstate, 1970. Experience Programs for learning Vocations in Agriculture. (Paperback, $4.50.) Forest Hills, "CareersCahill, Jane. in Agriculture via Television," by M. Thornton.N.Y.: the Author, 1970. Can a Smaller Store Succeed? New York: Fairchild, 1966. Agricultural Education Magazine, October CareersA Career in in City Astronomy. Management. 1970. Princeton, N.J.: (Booklet; 35c.) American Astronomical Society. Washington: B'nai B'rith Vocational Service. CareersA Career inof HistoryCity Management. with Historical Organizations. (Pamphlet.) Washington: (Brochure; free.) International City Management Assn. Nashville, Tenn.: American CareersCareer inOpportunities the Oil Industry. for You in the Fabulous WorldAssn. of Fabrics. for State and Local (Pamphlet.) History. New York: American Petroleum Institute, 1966. (Single copy free.) New York: Career Opportunities in Archives and Manuscripts.Archivists,Textile Distributors 1972. Assn. (Free.) Ann Arbor, Mich.: Society of American 68 Chase, Mary Ellen. Fishing Fleets of New England. New York: Knoughton Mifflin, 1961. Council-ManagerChristensen,Childs, Richard Ethyln, Plan S. and Schlick The First 50 Years. Mary D. New York:"Household Employment." National Municipal League, 1965. Word magazine, February 1969. "Cowpunchers GovernmentCity Management Printing Assn., Office. 1966. - Still Around." - A Unified Response to Urbanism. Occupational Outlook Quarterly 13, (Booklet; 200) No.4 (Winter 1969). Washington: International Washington: Day,Davis, F., Robert Galati, O. R., and 1964. A Job with a Future in the Germann, A. Introduction to Law Enforcement. Steel Industry. New York: Springfield,Grosett Ill.: 6 Dunlap, 1969. Thomas, DirectoryDesigning of a GeoscienceBetter Tomorro.w. Departments. (Pamplet.) Washington: Washington: American Geological Institute, 1970. American Institute of Architects, 1968. Forrester,Dixon, Robert J. T.Donald, and Fox Industry. New York: Fruit Crowing. Society fo Mining Engineers ofJohn Cameron. Long Island City, N.Y.: Opportunities Unlimited: AIME. Peragamon, 1966. A Career in the Mineral Futrell,FuneralForsee, ArchieAylesa.Service W., Jr. - A Heritage,Men Aof Challenge, Modern Architecture. A Futute. Philadelphia: Milwaukee: Macrae Smith, 1965. NFDA, 1965. Gaimage,Future Cattleman,Allen Z. The. Your Future in Law Enforcement. (Booklet.)Orientation to Engineering. Kansas City, Mo.: Columbus,American Ohio: Hereford Assn. Merrill, 1961. GemologyGarr:, Stanleyas a Career. M. Human Races. Los Angeles: Springfield, Ill.: Gemological Institute of America. CharlesNew York: C. Thomas, 1961. Richards Rosen, 1961. GeographyGentille, Thomas.as a Professional Field. for Geographic Education, 1969. Step-tx-Step Jewelry. Washington: (Paperback; $2.50.) Assn. of American Geographers and Racine, Wis.: Western Publishing, 1968. National Council Geography in the Two-Year Colleges. Asen. of American Geographers, 1970. (Commission on College Geography Publication 10.) Washington: 69 Gilbert,Geology -Dorothy Science B. and Profession. American Art Director. Washington: New York: American Geological Institute, 1970. Bowker, 1967. GoldenGuide Touch,to Survey The. Research for Interviewers, Washington: Retail Jewelers of America, 1967. A. (Booklet.) Chicago: Elrick b Lavidge, 1967. Habenstein, Robert W., and Lamers, William 1963. Milwaukee: M. Funeral Customs the WorldNFDA, Over.1962. Milwaukee: NFDA, Holden,History Donald.of American Directing, The. Planets, Stars, andArt Galaxies. Career Guide. New York: New York:Watson - Guptill, 1961. Wiley, 1961. InternshipInglis, S. J.Training for City Management. Washington: American Forest Institute, 1969. Washington: International City Management Assn., 1960. JobsIt's ina FreeAgriculture.Outdoor Country. Work. (Job FamilyChicago: Booklet no. H.) Science Research Associates, 1964. rhicago: Science Research Associates, 1966. Johson, H. 1968. and Savage, W. G. Mirror for Man. Administrative Office Management.New York: Fawcett, 1957. Reading, Mass.: Addison - Wesley, LawLaborKluckhohn, Enforcement in the Clyde. Textile Education and ApparelDirectory, Industries. A. Washington: (Bulletin 1635.) International Assn. of Chiefs of Police, Washington: Government Printing Office. 1970. McLaughlin,Leonard, V. D. A. B. Press, 1964. The Police of the 20th Century. Introduction to Astronomy. Boston: (Police Science Series.) Houghton Mefflin, 1961. Brooklyn: Foundation McLintock.Mead, Margaret. Your Future in the Merchant Marine. People and Places. Cleveland: WorldNew York: Publishing, 1959. Richards Rosen. 70 Meyer, Jerome S. Iron and Steel. Astronomy as a Career. Cleveland: Cambridge, Mass.: World Publishing, 1966. Hillman, 1962. MiningMilward,Miller, Engineering: FreemanG. E. C. A Career in Coal. Organization and Meth4,ds. Washington: New York: National Coal Assn.St. Martin's, 1967. Montgomery,Neal, Harry Chandler. E. Engireers Unlimited: Your Career in Engineering. Art for Teachers of Children. Columbus, Ohio: New York: Merrill, 1968. Messner, 1960. O'Dell,Opportunities William inF. Steel for High School Graduates. The Marketing Pecision. New York: New York: American Management Assn., 1968. Agricultural EducationAmerican hagazine, Iron October. & Steel Institute, 1967. Orent,"Orienation Norman to B. Careers in Agriculture." Your Future in Marketing. Office Operations Improvement: by D. W. Shepard. New York: Richards Rosen, 1966. How to Cut and Improve Morale. New York: Payen,"Petroleum Bruce, and and Natural Swett, GasD. D.Production and Washington:American Management Assn., 1967. Government Printing Office. Processing," Occupational Outlook Handbook. (Latest edition.) Pike,"Private Robert Household E. Workers," Occupational OutlookPrinting Office. Tall Trees, Tough Men. New York: Handbook. Norton, 1967. (Latest edition.) Washington: Government AQuestions Report byand the Answers. President's Commission on of Crime in a Free Society. (Booklet; 10c) Washington: Washington: Law Enforcement and Administration of Government Printing Office, February International City Management Assn., 1957. Justice: 1967. The Challenge Roche,Requirements Johy P. fo; a Police Career. Planning Your Career, pp. 343-50. "Iron and Steel." Washington:In The Encyclopedia of Careers and Edited by William E. Hepke. International Assn. of Chiefs of Police. Chicago: Vocational Guidance, vol. I: J. G. Ferguson, 1967. Steveni,Star of YourMichael. Future. Art and Education. (Booklet.) St. Joseph, Mo.: New York: Atherton, 1969. American Angus Assn. Stichcomb, James D. Manuals, 1970. Opportunities in a Law Enforcement Career. New York: Shell Oil Co., 1965. New York: Vocational Guidance 71 Sturevant,Story of thePetroleum, William Council- C.The. Manaier Plan. Anthropolopv as a Career. (Booklet.) (Pamphlet; 15C) (Pamplet; 250 Washington:New York: National Municipal League. Smithsonian Institution, Training"To Catch Program A Fish." for Fishery Occupations. 1963. Occupational Outlook Quarterly, September 1968. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1961. "VocationalTurner David AgricultureR. for College-Bound Students,"Magazine, by B. W.October Emanuel. 1970. Law Enforcement Positions. New York: Arco, 1961. Agricultural Education VocationWarner, ofAaron Funeral W. Service, The. "Future of Maritime Manpower, Evanston, Ill.: r.onthly Labor Review. National Selected Morticians, 1968. (U. S. Department of Labor), WonderfulWeitz, J. L.New World of Textiles, The. March 1966. Your Future in Ceology. NewCharlotte, York: N. C.: Richards Rosen, 1966. American Textile Manufacturers Institute. YoungWymer, WomenNorman. in Architecture. Inc., Box AC,541 Madison Ave., New York, New York Timber. New York: (Reprint form Mademoiselle; May 1966; 25C) Roy, 1967. 10022. Alumnae Advisory Center, Your ExecutiveBuildina andCareer Your in Architect. Textiles. Textiles and Science. Washington: (Single copy free.) American Institute of Architects. Philadelphia: Philadelphia College of 72 PERIODICALS FOR CAREER INFORMATION 1. Administrative ManagementNew51 Madison York, NewAvenue York 10010 12. American Jewelry Manufacturer Providence,Sheraton - RhodeBiltmore Island Hotel 02902 2. American Anthropologist Washington,3700 Massachusetts D.C. Avenue, N.W. 20016 13. 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