Orlando, Florida, November 29-December 2, 1994)
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Computing Graphics
A joint newsletter of the Statistical Computing & Statistical Graphics Sections of the American Statistical Association. April 1993 Vol.4 No.1 COMPUTING GRAPHICS A WORD FROM OUR CHAIRS FEATURE ARTICLE Statistical Computing Saxpy, gaxpy, LAPACK, OneoftheperksoftheChairoftheStatisticalCom- puting Section is writing a column for this newsletter. and BLAS Imagine: I can write for several thousand members of Colin Goodall The Pennsylvania State University my profession, without the bene®t of refereeing. I get to tell you what I think, rather than what I know. Measuring Performance Maybe I'm a bit odd, but what I've been thinking about One of the best understood computational tasks is lin- is copyrighting and patenting of statistical software and ear algebra. Considerable effort has gone into fast and of computer material in general. My interest was piqued accurate code for these manipulations, e.g. LINPACK by an advertisement I received for a computer pack- (Dongarra et al. 1979), EISPACK, and most recently age that would display a high dimensional plot using a LAPACK (Anderson et al. 1992). The speed of these patented algorithm. The name of the method was jar- computations is measured in mega ¯ops (MFLOPS), or gon, so I could tell nothing from the advertisement about millions of ¯oating point instructions per second. Each the program and what it did. Mainly, what the adver- ¯oating point instruction is a single arithmetic opera- tisement did was make me wonder just what it meant for tion, e.g. a multiplication, a divide, an addition or sub- an algorithm to be patented. Was I supposed to believe traction, performed in full ¯oating point precision arith- that patenting was a substitute for peer review? Did it metic, usually 64 bits double precision. -
“The Past and Future of the Internet”
“The Past and Future of the Internet” presented by Dr Glenn Ricart – Ph.D Synopsis: Glenn Ricart will share some of his first-hand stories about how the ARPAnet grew into an international commercial Internet during the 1980s. Then, looking forward, Dr. Ricart will turn to the developments which he believes will need to take place in technology, economics, and politics in order to allow the Internet to continue to grow. Glitches and weaknesses which are tolerable for an entertainment medium will not be acceptable as Internets become more integral to the economy, health and safety, and national defense. Curriculum Vitae: Dr. Glenn Ricart is an Internet pioneer and entrepreneur with a broad range of technology and business leadership experience in large corporations, startups, academia, the U.S. military, and government research. His positions have included President and CEO of National LambdaRail, Managing Director at PricewaterhouseCoopers, Co-founder and Chief Technology Officer of CenterBeam, and Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer for Novell. He is known for his pioneering work in bringing the ARPAnet protocols into academic and commercial use. In the mid-1980s, while academic CIO at the University of Maryland College Park, his teams created the first implementation of TCP/IP for the IBM PC; created the first campus-wide TCP/IP network, shipped and managed the software that powered the first non-military TCP/IP national network, the NSFnet; created the first open Internet interchange point (the FIX and later MAE-EAST); and proposed and created the first operating NSFnet regional network, SURAnet. From 1995-1999 he was Novell's EVP and Chief Technology Officer responsible for its technology. -
Core Magazine February 2002
FEBRUARY 2002 CORE 3.1 A PUBLICATION OF THE COMPUTER HISTORY MUSEUM WWW.COMPUTERHISTORY.ORG PAGE 1 February 2002 OUR ACTIONS TODAY COREA publication of the Computer History3.1 Museum IN THIS MISSION ISSUE TO PRESERVE AND PRESENT FOR POSTERITY THE ARTIFACTS AND STORIES OF THE INFORMATION AGE INSIDE FRONT COVER VISION OUR ACTIONS TODAY The achievements of tomorrow must be was an outstanding success, and I simply doesn’t exist anywhere else in TO EXPLORE THE COMPUTING REVOLUTION AND ITS John C Toole rooted in the actions we take today. hope you caught the impact of these the world. With your sustained help, our IMPACT ON THE HUMAN EXPERIENCE Many exciting and important events announcements that have heightened actions have been able to speak much 2 THE SRI VAN AND COMPUTER have happened since our last CORE awareness of our enterprise in the louder than words, and it is my goal to INTERNETWORKING publication, and they have been community. I’m very grateful to Harry see that we are able to follow through Don Nielson carefully chosen to strategically shape McDonald (director of NASA Ames), Len on our dreams! EXECUTIVE STAFF where we will be in five years. Shustek (chairman of our Board of 7 John C Toole David Miller Trustees), Donna Dubinsky (Museum This issue of CORE is loaded with THE SRI VAN AND EARLY PACKET SPEECH EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR & CEO VICE PRESIDENT OF DEVELOPMENT 2 Don Nielson First, let me officially introduce our Trustee and CEO of Handspring), and technical content and information about Karen Mathews Mike Williams new name and logo to everyone who Bill Campbell (chairman of Intuit) who our organization—from a wonderful EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT HEAD CURATOR 8 has not seen them before. -
Automatic Graph Drawing Lecture 15 Early HCI @Apple/Xerox
Inf-GraphDraw: Automatic Graph Drawing Lecture 15 Early HCI @Apple/Xerox Reinhard von Hanxleden [email protected] 1 [Wikipedia] • One of the first highly successful mass- produced microcomputer products • 5–6 millions produced from 1977 to 1993 • Designed to look like a home appliance • It’s success caused IBM to build the PC • Influenced by Breakout • Visicalc, earliest spreadsheet, first ran on Apple IIe 1981: Xerox Star • Officially named Xerox 8010 Information System • First commercial system to incorporate various technologies that have since become standard in personal computers: • Bitmapped display, window-based graphical user interface • Icons, folders, mouse (two-button) • Ethernet networking, file servers, print servers, and e- mail. • Sold with software based on Lisp (early functional/AI language) and Smalltalk (early OO language) [Wikipedia, Fair Use] Xerox Star Evolution of “Document” Icon Shape [Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0] 1983: Apple Lisa [Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 2.0 fr] Apple Lisa • One of the first personal computers with a graphical user interface (GUI) • In 1982, Steve Jobs (Cofounder of Apple, with Steve Wozniak) was forced out of Lisa project, moved on into existing Macintosh project, and redefined Mac as cheaper, more usable version of Lisa • Lisa was challenged by relatively high price, insufficient SW library, unreliable floppy disks, and immediate release of Macintosh • Sold just about 10,000 units in two years • Introduced several advanced features that would not reappear on Mac or PC for many years Lisa Office -
I.T.S.O. Powerpc an Inside View
SG24-4299-00 PowerPC An Inside View IBM SG24-4299-00 PowerPC An Inside View Take Note! Before using this information and the product it supports, be sure to read the general information under “Special Notices” on page xiii. First Edition (September 1995) This edition applies to the IBM PC PowerPC hardware and software products currently announced at the date of publication. Order publications through your IBM representative or the IBM branch office serving your locality. Publications are not stocked at the address given below. An ITSO Technical Bulletin Evaluation Form for reader′s feedback appears facing Chapter 1. If the form has been removed, comments may be addressed to: IBM Corporation, International Technical Support Organization Dept. JLPC Building 014 Internal Zip 5220 1000 NW 51st Street Boca Raton, Florida 33431-1328 When you send information to IBM, you grant IBM a non-exclusive right to use or distribute the information in any way it believes appropriate without incurring any obligation to you. Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1995. All rights reserved. Note to U.S. Government Users — Documentation related to restricted rights — Use, duplication or disclosure is subject to restrictions set forth in GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Abstract This document provides technical details on the PowerPC technology. It focuses on the features and advantages of the PowerPC Architecture and includes an historical overview of the development of the reduced instruction set computer (RISC) technology. It also describes in detail the IBM Power Series product family based on PowerPC technology, including IBM Personal Computer Power Series 830 and 850 and IBM ThinkPad Power Series 820 and 850. -
Glenn Ricart Founder, US Ignite Adjunct Professor, University of Utah
Glenn Ricart Founder, US Ignite Adjunct Professor, University of Utah Brief Bio Glenn Ricart is the Founder and Chief Technology Officer of US Ignite, a nonprofit organization with a mission to create an ecosystem of innovative applications in smart and connected communities leveraging emerging technologies. Technologies of special interest include wired and wireless gigabit to the end user, software-defined locavore infrastructure, software-defined performance engineering, and privacy and security through virtual infrastructure slicing. Dr. Ricart is also Adjunct Professor in the School of Computing at U. of Utah. Previously, Ricart was CEO of National LambdaRail, Managing Director of PricewaterhouseCoopers, Executive Vice President and CTO of Novell during its heyday in the 1990s, Assistant Vice Chancellor and academic CIO of the University of Maryland, and Program Manager at DARPA. He has also founded or co-founded five startups. His early work on the Internet has led to his induction into the Pioneer’s Circle of the Internet Hall of Fame. Research US Ignite will be coordinating the implementation of a Metropolitan SDX in at Directions and least 15 American Cities as part of its recent NSF grant, and can contribute sets of Related pragmatic issues that need to be resolved in the construction of the Metropolitan Testbed SDXes and suggestions for research directions that would improve the SDXes. Infrastructure These include: Requirements - Matching or translating or emulating or transforming characteristics across connections made by -
NSFNET: the Partnership That Changed the World
NSFNET: The Partnership that Changed the World Celebrating 20 Years of Internet Innovation and Progress November 29-30, 2007 Crystal Gateway Marriott, Arlington, Virginia Contents: Event Supporters 2 Program at a Glance 3 Detailed Agenda 4 - 8 Speaker Biographies 9 - 16 NSFNET: The Partnership that Changed the World 1 The organizers wish to thank the following organizations for supporting this event: Advanced Network & Services, Inc. www.advanced.org Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com IBM www.ibm.com Internet2 www.internet2.edu Juniper Networks www.juniper.net Merit Network, Inc. www.merit.edu National Science Foundation www.nsf.gov 2 Program at a Glance (see pages 4 - 8 for detailed program) Thursday, November 29, 2007 - General Program 7:30 - 8:30 a.m. Registration and Continental Breakfast 8:30 - 9:15 Welcome Speakers: Eric M. Aupperle and Jane Caviness The Internet History Archive Speaker: Doug Gale Introductory Comments Speaker: John H. Marburger, III Keynote - NSFNET: The Phenomenon Speaker: Douglas E. Van Houweling 9:20 - 10:35 Panel - NSFNET: The Beginnings Moderator: Lawrence Landweber 10:35 - 11:00 Break 11:00 - 11:55 Panel - NSFNET: The Solicitation & The Merit Partnership Moderator: Jane Caviness 11:55 - 12:45 Lunch 12:45 - 1:45 Panel - NSFNET: The T1—The Internet Comes of Age Moderator: Eric M. Aupperle 1:50 - 2:50 Panel - NSFNET: The T3 Backbone Service—The Internet Matures Moderator: Allan H. Weis 2:50 - 3:15 Break 3:15 - 4:35 Panel - NSFNET: The Community Moderator: Doug Gale 4:40 - 5:30 Panel - NSFNET: The Impact on Research and Science Moderator: George O. -
Number 3, December 2019
December 2019 Volume 22, Number 3 A Quarterly Technical Publication for From The Editor Internet and Intranet Professionals In This Issue “A major design feature of the Internet Protocol (IP) is its ability to run over a variety of underlying network technologies. If you look through the Request For Comments (RFC) document series, you will From the Editor ...................... 1 find numerous specifications of the form “IP over xxx,” where “xxx” is anything from Ethernet to X.25, Frame Relay, Bluetooth, WiFi, MSS Values of TCP ................ 2 and even “Avian Carriers” (pigeons), the latter being one of the more famous April Fools RFCs. Because each of these technologies has different capabilities in terms of how much data can be carried in a 50 Years of the Internet ........ 12 “packet” or datagram, IP employs the concept of fragmentation and reassembly in cases where the originating datagram is larger than what the underlying network medium can support.” Book Review......................... 15 That paragraph is a quote from our June 2016 issue (Volume 19, Letter to the Editor ............... 17 No. 2) in which Geoff Huston described various aspects of IPv4 and IPv6 fragmentation. In this issue he explains how the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and its concept of a Maximum Segment Size Fragments ............................. 18 (MSS) might interact with IP fragmentation even if this interaction is technically a “layer violation.” His article presents measurement data on TCP MSS handshakes recorded by APNIC in August 2019. Thank You! .......................... 24 The Internet has its origins in the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), which began operation just over 50 years Call for Papers ..................... -
La Historia Oculta De Internet a Través De Sus Personajes
PARTE VIII LA HISTORIA OCULTA DE INTERNET A TRAVÉS DE SUS PERSONAJES LA HISTORIA OCULTA DE INTERNET..................................... 1 A TRAVÉS DE SUS PERSONAJES ............................................... 1 -Introducción y Objetivos- ........................................................... 1 -¿Metodología de realización?- .................................................... 1 -Algunas magnitudes del trabajo realizado- ................................. 4 -¿A Quién?-.................................................................................. 5 -Criterios de Selección- ................................................................ 5 -Idiomas- ...................................................................................... 5 -¿Cuáles han sido las preguntas?-................................................. 5 -A tener en cuenta- ....................................................................... 6 PARTE VIII: La Historia Oculta de Internet a Través de sus Personajes PARTE VIII: LA HISTORIA OCULTA DE INTERNET A TRAVÉS DE SUS PERSONAJES -Introducción y Objetivos- El apartado que aquí se presenta es el fruto de un proyecto, que tiene como objetivo principal, el dejar un registro escrito de las actividades de personas fundamentales en el desarrollo de la red; Que de manera a veces notoria y otras más veces discreta, contribuyeron decisivamente a la creación de internet y a su posterior difusión. Para focalizar el estudio, se ha profundizado en el contexto de la conectividad a internet, dejando de lado otros ámbitos -
The Future of the Internet II
The Future of the Internet II A survey of technology thinkers and stakeholders shows they believe the internet will continue to spread in a “flattening” and improving world. There are many, though, who think major problems will accompany technology advances by 2020 September 24, 2006 Janna Quitney Anderson, Elon University Lee Rainie, Director PEW INTERNET & AMERICAN LIFE PROJECT 1615 L STREET, NW – SUITE 700 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20036 202-419-4500 http://www.pewinternet.org/ Summary of findings Technology thinkers and stakeholders assess the future social, political, and economic impact of the internet. Hundreds of internet leaders, activists, builders and commentators were asked about the effect of the internet on social, political and economic life in the year 2020. The views of the 742 respondents who completed this survey were varied; there is general agreement about how technology might evolve, but there is less agreement among these respondents about the impact of this evolution. Reacting to several scenarios constructed by the Pew Internet & American Life Project, the respondents struck on several themes and emergent problems in their answers: The deployment of a global network: A majority of respondents agreed with a scenario which posited that a global, low-cost network will be thriving in 2020 and will be available to most people around the world at low cost. And they agreed that a tech-abetted “flattening” of the world will open up opportunities for success for many people who will compete globally. Still, a vocal and sizeable minority of respondents say they are unsure that the policy climate will be favorable for such internet expansion. -
Glenn Ricart Founder, US Ignite Adjunct Professor, University of Utah
Glenn Ricart Founder, US Ignite Adjunct Professor, University of Utah Brief Bio Glenn Ricart is the Founder and Chief Technology Officer of US Ignite, a nonprofit organization with a mission to create an ecosystem of innovative applications in smart and connected communities leveraging emerging technologies. Technologies of special interest include wired and wireless gigabit to the end user, software-defined locavore infrastructure, software-defined performance engineering, and privacy and security through virtual infrastructure slicing. Dr. Ricart is also Adjunct Professor in the School of Computing at U. of Utah. Previously, Ricart was CEO of National LambdaRail, Managing Director of PricewaterhouseCoopers, Executive Vice President and CTO of Novell during its heyday in the 1990s, Assistant Vice Chancellor and academic CIO of the University of Maryland, and Program Manager at DARPA. He has also founded or co-founded five startups. His early work on the Internet has led to his induction into the Pioneer’s Circle of the Internet Hall of Fame. Research US Ignite will be coordinating the implementation of a locavore wired/wireless Directions and infrastructure in at least 15 American cities as a result of a recent NSF grant. The Related issues of future wireless cities are important to the long-term success of this Testbed infrastructure designed to facilitate city-based mobility for the Internet of Things Infrastructure and for future high-bandwidth, low-latency applications in education, public Requirements safety, transportation, clean -
Apple Computer, 2006
9-706-496 REV: MAY 30, 2007 DAVID B. YOFFIE MICHAEL SLIND Apple Computer, 2006 Early in 2006, following a surge in the stock price for Apple Computer, CEO Steve Jobs savored a moment of triumph over one of his chief rivals in the personal computer (PC) industry. In an e-mail to his employees, he quipped that “Michael Dell wasn't perfect at predicting the future. Based on today's stock market close, Apple is worth more than Dell [Inc., Dell’s namesake company]. Stocks go up and down, and things may be different tomorrow, but I thought it was worth a moment of reflection today.”1 Back in 1997, not long before Jobs returned to the company that he had founded, Dell had recommended that Apple throw in the proverbial towel: “I’d shut it down and give the money back to the shareholders.”2 Dell’s remark was not without warrant. Apple had just gone through five years of turmoil. But not quite a decade later, Apple was riding high. In the fiscal year 2005, it posted $1.3 billion in net income on $13.9 billion in sales, and recorded an operating margin of 11.8%. Since 2001, its sales had grown at a compound annual rate of 27%. Early in 2006, its stock was trading at an all-time high of $86 a share—up from its 1997 low of $7.3 Jobs had made several dramatic moves since returning to Apple. He had pushed the company to turn out innovative products, such as the iMac and the OS X operating system.