DOCSLIB.ORG

Nathan Wilson Marine Biological Laboratory Director of Biodiversity Informatics for the Encyclopedia of Life

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nathan Wilson Marine Biological Laboratory Director of Biodiversity Informatics for the Encyclopedia of Life Collaboratively Creating Computable Species Descriptions Nathan Wilson Marine Biological Laboratory Director of Biodiversity Informatics for the Encyclopedia of Life Text and most images are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution, Share-Alike 3.0 License Images marked with † are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution, Share-Alike, Non-Commercial 3.0 License Images marked with †† are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution, Share-Alike, Non-Commercial 2.5 License EOL TraitBank EOL TraitBank Existing Species Descriptions Species Databases In Text (EOL, BHL, ARKive, Animal Diversity Web, MushroomExpert...) Existing Species Descriptions Species Databases In Text, but (EOL, BHL, ARKive, Animal Diversity Web, MushroomExpert...) difficult to reliably extract Existing Species Descriptions Species Databases In Text, but (EOL, BHL, ARKive, Animal Diversity Web, MushroomExpert...) difficult to reliably extract Computer Id Systems Digital (DELTA, Lucid, DiscoverLife, MatchMaker...) Existing Species Descriptions Species Databases In Text, but (EOL, BHL, ARKive, Animal Diversity Web, MushroomExpert...) difficult to reliably extract Computer Id Systems Digital, but hard to scale (DELTA, Lucid, DiscoverLife, MatchMaker...) and maintain Existing Species Descriptions Species Databases In Text, but (EOL, BHL, ARKive, Animal Diversity Web, MushroomExpert...) difficult to reliably extract Computer Id Systems Digital, but hard to scale (DELTA, Lucid, DiscoverLife, MatchMaker...) and maintain Observation Platforms In User’s Heads (GBIF, Artsdatabanken, iNaturalist, eBird, MushroomObserver...) Existing Species Descriptions Species Databases In Text, but (EOL, BHL, ARKive, Animal Diversity Web, MushroomExpert...) difficult to reliably extract Computer Id Systems Digital, but hard to scale (DELTA, Lucid, DiscoverLife, MatchMaker...) and maintain Observation Platforms In User’s Heads, but (GBIF, Artsdatabanken, iNaturalist, eBird, MushroomObserver...) more crowd source-able Identification Processes Circumscription(s) People Observations Scientific Names Barcodes Type [email protected] - http://mushroomobserver.org - http://eol.org Cryptic Species PineSpike California, USA © 1993 Nathan Wilson Chroogomphus ochraceus Chroogomphus vinicolor California, USA © 2007 Darvin DeShazer† California, USA © 2013 Ron Pastorino† [email protected] - http://mushroomobserver.org - http://eol.org Definition of a Scientific Name Reference Latin name Type Circumscription Cap: 2-10cm wide; usually overlapping or in a row or a rosette; kidney shaped, also described as fan shaped, sometimes fused laterally; can be flat to wavy; multicolored concentric zoning on the upper surface; zones alternate between velvety and smooth; color varies quite a bit, shades [email protected] - http://mushroomobserver.org - http://eol.org Definition of a Scientific Name Reference Latin name Type Cap: 2-10cm wide; usually overlapping or in a row or a rosette; kidney shaped, also Cap: 2-10cm wide; described as fan shaped, overlapping or in a row or a sometimes fused laterally; can rosette; kidney shaped, also Cap: 2-10cm wide; be flat to wavy; multicolored described as fan shaped; can be overlapping, also rosette; can concentric zoning on the upper flat to wavy; multicolored be flat to wavy; multicolored surface; zones alternate concentric Cap: 2-10cm wide; concentric; zones alternate between velvety and smooth; ; zones alternate between overlapping, wavy; color varies quite a bit, shades Formal Circumscription(s) [email protected] - http://mushroomobserver.org - http://eol.org Definition of a Scientific Name Informal Descriptions Field Guides Reference Gray Latin name Literature Type Word of Mouth Online Cap: 2-10cm wide; usually overlapping or in a row or a Descriptions rosette; kidney shaped, also Cap: 2-10cm wide; described as fan shaped, overlapping or in a row or a sometimes fused laterally; can rosette; kidney shaped, also Cap: 2-10cm wide; be flat to wavy; multicolored described as fan shaped; can be overlapping, also rosette; can concentric zoning on the upper flat to wavy; multicolored be flat to wavy; multicolored surface; zones alternate concentric Cap: 2-10cm wide; concentric; zones alternate between velvety and smooth; ; zones alternate between overlapping, wavy; color varies quite a bit, shades Formal Circumscription(s) [email protected] - http://mushroomobserver.org - http://eol.org Definition of a Scientific Name Reference Latin name Type Circumscription(s) SV9876543 SV8756431 SV7564627 SV6643978 [email protected] - http://mushroomobserver.org - http://eol.org Semantic Vernacular Description Identifier: SV1234 SVD Name: PineSpike EquivalentTo: Fungus and (hasOverallShape some StipitateAgaric) and (hasHymenophoreShape some Gilled) and ((hasPileusDiscColor some Brown) ... Chroogomphus rutilus Chroogomphus ochraceus Chroogomphus vinicolor [email protected] - http://mushroomobserver.org - http://eol.org Observations & Scientific Names Circumscription(s) People Observations SVD Scientific Names Barcodes Type [email protected] - http://mushroomobserver.org - http://eol.org Features of an SVD ✦ Explicit, fixed collection of observable features ✦ If it ‘looks’ like a PineSpike, it is a PineSpike ✦ Amenable to peer review/codification ✦ Inherently unique ✦ Stable ✦ Essentially a semantic morpho-species Goals ✦ Formal names for observational experiences ✦ Stabilize observation data ✦ Capture what was observed ✦ Generate stable, computable PineSpike California, USA © 1993 Nathan Wilson descriptions [email protected] - http://mushroomobserver.org - http://eol.org Prototype http://mushroomobserver.org/semantic_vernacular [email protected] - http://mushroomobserver.org - http://eol.org Ontology Development ✦ Must be user extensible ✦ Reuse is divine (EnvO, PATO, UBERON...) ✦ Common patterns => Templates ✦ Community-based review/versioning process Review Process ✦ Review should be online & reasonably fast ✦ Need review before official use ✦ Chance for alternative names & semantic definitions ✦ Is there a role for anonymous review? Acknowledgements ✦ Deborah McGuinness ✦ Han Wang ✦ Katie Dunn ✦ Jason Hollinger ✦ Mushroom Observer Community Cantharellus californicus Arora & Dunham California, USA ✦ EOL & Marine Biological © 2002 Nathan Wilson Laboratory [email protected] - http://mushroomobserver.org - http://eol.org.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks Bioblitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of BioBlitz participants conducting data entry into iNaturalist. Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service. ON THE COVER Photograph of BioBlitz participants collecting aquatic species data in the Presidio of San Francisco. Photograph courtesy of National Park Service. The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 Elizabeth Edson1, Michelle O’Herron1, Alison Forrestel2, Daniel George3 1Golden Gate Parks Conservancy Building 201 Fort Mason San Francisco, CA 94129 2National Park Service. Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1061 Sausalito, CA 94965 3National Park Service. San Francisco Bay Area Network Inventory & Monitoring Program Manager Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1063 Sausalito, CA 94965 March 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mycological Society of San Francisco • Jan. 2016, Vol. 67:05
    The Mycological Society of San Francisco • Jan. 2016, vol. 67:05 Table of Contents JANUARY 19 General Meeting Speaker Mushroom of the Month by K. Litchfield 1 President Post by B. Wenck-Reilly 2 Robert Dale Rogers Schizophyllum by D. Arora & W. So 4 Culinary Corner by H. Lunan 5 Hospitality by E. Multhaup 5 Holiday Dinner 2015 Report by E. Multhaup 6 Bizarre World of Fungi: 1965 by B. Sommer 7 Academic Quadrant by J. Shay 8 Announcements / Events 9 2015 Fungus Fair by J. Shay 10 David Arora’s talk by D. Tighe 11 Cultivation Quarters by K. Litchfield 12 Fungus Fair Species list by D. Nolan 13 Calendar 15 Mushroom of the Month: Chanterelle by Ken Litchfield Twenty-One Myths of Medicinal Mushrooms: Information on the use of medicinal mushrooms for This month’s profiled mushroom is the delectable Chan- preventive and therapeutic modalities has increased terelle, one of the most distinctive and easily recognized mush- on the internet in the past decade. Some is based on rooms in all its many colors and meaty forms. These golden, yellow, science and most on marketing. This talk will look white, rosy, scarlet, purple, blue, and black cornucopias of succu- at 21 common misconceptions, helping separate fact lent brawn belong to the genera Cantharellus, Craterellus, Gomphus, from fiction. Turbinellus, and Polyozellus. Rather than popping up quickly from quiescent primordial buttons that only need enough rain to expand About the speaker: the preformed babies, Robert Dale Rogers has been an herbalist for over forty these mushrooms re- years. He has a Bachelor of Science from the Univer- quire an extended period sity of Alberta, where he is an assistant clinical profes- of slower growth and sor in Family Medicine.
    [Show full text]
  • Fruiting Body Form, Not Nutritional Mode, Is the Major Driver of Diversification in Mushroom-Forming Fungi
    Fruiting body form, not nutritional mode, is the major driver of diversification in mushroom-forming fungi Marisol Sánchez-Garcíaa,b, Martin Rybergc, Faheema Kalsoom Khanc, Torda Vargad, László G. Nagyd, and David S. Hibbetta,1 aBiology Department, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610; bUppsala Biocentre, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75005 Uppsala, Sweden; cDepartment of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; and dSynthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, 6726 Szeged, Hungary Edited by David M. Hillis, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, and approved October 16, 2020 (received for review December 22, 2019) With ∼36,000 described species, Agaricomycetes are among the and the evolution of enclosed spore-bearing structures. It has most successful groups of Fungi. Agaricomycetes display great di- been hypothesized that the loss of ballistospory is irreversible versity in fruiting body forms and nutritional modes. Most have because it involves a complex suite of anatomical features gen- pileate-stipitate fruiting bodies (with a cap and stalk), but the erating a “surface tension catapult” (8, 11). The effect of gas- group also contains crust-like resupinate fungi, polypores, coral teroid fruiting body forms on diversification rates has been fungi, and gasteroid forms (e.g., puffballs and stinkhorns). Some assessed in Sclerodermatineae, Boletales, Phallomycetidae, and Agaricomycetes enter into ectomycorrhizal symbioses with plants, Lycoperdaceae, where it was found that lineages with this type of while others are decayers (saprotrophs) or pathogens. We constructed morphology have diversified at higher rates than nongasteroid a megaphylogeny of 8,400 species and used it to test the following lineages (12).
    [Show full text]
  • AR TICLE Diversity of Chroogomphus (Gomphidiaceae, Boletales) In
    doi:10.5598/imafungus.2018.09.02.04 IMA FUNGUS · Diversity of ( , ) in Europe, and Chroogomphus Gomphidiaceae Boletales ARTICLE [C. rutilus Ross Scambler1,6, Tuula Niskanen1, Boris Assyov2, A. Martyn Ainsworth1, Jean-Michel Bellanger3, Michael Loizides4 , Pierre- Arthur Moreau5, Paul M. Kirk1, and Kare Liimatainen1 1Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK; corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] 2!"#$"%'*+'///<'" 3UMR5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, 1919, route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France 4P.O. box 58499, 3734 Limassol, Cyprus 5Université de Lille, Fac. Pharma. Lille, EA 4483 IMPECS, F – 59000 Lille, France 6 Present address :Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK In this study, eight species of Chroogomphus are recognized from Europe: C. britannicus, C. aff. [ 1, C. fulmineus, C. cf. helveticus, C. mediterraneus, C. cf. purpurascens, C. rutilus, and C. subfulmineus. DNA barcode Different candidates for the application of the name C. rutilus[ ITS =>Chroogomphus fulmineus and C. mediterraneus are molecular systematics [C. subfulmineus?[ new taxa a new subgenus Siccigomphus and three new sections, Confusi, Filiformes, and Fulminei are introduced. The taxonomy former sections Chroogomphus and Floccigomphus are elevated to subgeneric level. Comparison of the ITS X[%!?'/\]'!?'*[ of 1.5 %, with the exception of the two species belonging to sect. Fulminei which differ by a minimum of 0.9 %. Ecological specimen data indicate that species of Chroogomphus form basidiomes under members of Pinaceae, with a general preference for species of Pinus. Five European species have been recorded under Picea, while Abies and Larix have also been recorded as tree associates, although the detailed nutritional relationships of the Submitted: 27 November 2017; Accepted: 27 August 2018; Published: 5 September 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxic Fungi of Western North America
    Toxic Fungi of Western North America by Thomas J. Duffy, MD Published by MykoWeb (www.mykoweb.com) March, 2008 (Web) August, 2008 (PDF) 2 Toxic Fungi of Western North America Copyright © 2008 by Thomas J. Duffy & Michael G. Wood Toxic Fungi of Western North America 3 Contents Introductory Material ........................................................................................... 7 Dedication ............................................................................................................... 7 Preface .................................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. 7 An Introduction to Mushrooms & Mushroom Poisoning .............................. 9 Introduction and collection of specimens .............................................................. 9 General overview of mushroom poisonings ......................................................... 10 Ecology and general anatomy of fungi ................................................................ 11 Description and habitat of Amanita phalloides and Amanita ocreata .............. 14 History of Amanita ocreata and Amanita phalloides in the West ..................... 18 The classical history of Amanita phalloides and related species ....................... 20 Mushroom poisoning case registry ...................................................................... 21 “Look-Alike” mushrooms .....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • AR TICLE Diversity of Chroogomphus (Gomphidiaceae, Boletales)
    doi:10.5598/imafungus.2018.09.02.04 IMA FUNGUS · 9(2): 271–290 (2018) Diversity of Chroogomphus (Gomphidiaceae, Boletales) in Europe, and ARTICLE typification ofC. rutilus Ross Scambler1,6, Tuula Niskanen1, Boris Assyov2, A. Martyn Ainsworth1, Jean-Michel Bellanger3, Michael Loizides4 , Pierre- Arthur Moreau5, Paul M. Kirk1, and Kare Liimatainen1 1Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK; corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] 2Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria 3UMR5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, 1919, route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France 4P.O. box 58499, 3734 Limassol, Cyprus 5Université de Lille, Fac. Pharma. Lille, EA 4483 IMPECS, F – 59000 Lille, France 6 Present address :Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK Abstract: In this study, eight species of Chroogomphus are recognized from Europe: C. britannicus, C. aff. Key words: filiformis 1, C. fulmineus, C. cf. helveticus, C. mediterraneus, C. cf. purpurascens, C. rutilus, and C. subfulmineus. DNA barcode Different candidates for the application of the name C. rutilus are evaluated and the best fit to the description is ITS selected; lecto- and epitypes are chosen to fix the name. Chroogomphus fulmineus and C. mediterraneus are molecular systematics also epitypified and a new species, C. subfulmineus, is described. The infrageneric classification is revised and new taxa a new subgenus Siccigomphus and three new sections, Confusi, Filiformes, and Fulminei are introduced. The taxonomy former sections Chroogomphus and Floccigomphus are elevated to subgeneric level.
    [Show full text]
  • Application of Semantic Technology to Define Names for Fungi by Nathan Wilson1, Kathryn M
    Application of Semantic Technology to Define Names for Fungi by Nathan Wilson1, Kathryn M. Dunn2, Han Wang3, and Deborah L. McGuinness4 v1.0 - April 27, 2012 Abstract The need for well-defined, persistent descriptions of taxa that can be accurately interpreted by computers is becoming increasingly clear. The goal of this work is to develop named descriptions of Fungi that enable automated reasoning by computers. We encode these descriptions using the Web Ontology Language (OWL). The initial target audience is field mycologists using the Mushroom Observer website, who range from professional scientists to beginning mushroom enthusiasts. We describe our mycology ontology and propose developing a transparent, community-based ontology evolution process. The ontology was designed to focus on properties that can be observed in the field, but the framework is proving to be suitable for microscopic, chemical, and genomic properties as well. Concrete examples are provided where field mycologists need names for groups of similar-looking Fungi that are known to belong to different species, and where our approach can significantly increase the precision of information recorded by the observer. Such a system is important for enabling the field mycologist to make more meaningful contributions to the modern scientific literature. In addition, the resulting ontology and descriptions provides a foundation for consistent, unambiguous, computational representations of Fungi. Finally, we expect that such a system will enable more people to become active field mycologists by providing a more robust way to document field observations and connect those observations with information about similar fungi. Introduction The original motivation for the proposed system is to fill a gap in the existing naming systems for Fungi between scientific and common names, as well as between names based on evolutionary relatedness and names based on observed similarity.
    [Show full text]
  • Kew Science Publications for the Academic Year 2017–18
    KEW SCIENCE PUBLICATIONS FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2017–18 FOR THE ACADEMIC Kew Science Publications kew.org For the academic year 2017–18 ¥ Z i 9E ' ' . -,i,c-"'.'f'l] Foreword Kew’s mission is to be a global resource in We present these publications under the four plant and fungal knowledge. Kew currently has key questions set out in Kew’s Science Strategy over 300 scientists undertaking collection- 2015–2020: based research and collaborating with more than 400 organisations in over 100 countries What plants and fungi occur to deliver this mission. The knowledge obtained 1 on Earth and how is this from this research is disseminated in a number diversity distributed? p2 of different ways from annual reports (e.g. stateoftheworldsplants.org) and web-based What drivers and processes portals (e.g. plantsoftheworldonline.org) to 2 underpin global plant and academic papers. fungal diversity? p32 In the academic year 2017-2018, Kew scientists, in collaboration with numerous What plant and fungal diversity is national and international research partners, 3 under threat and what needs to be published 358 papers in international peer conserved to provide resilience reviewed journals and books. Here we bring to global change? p54 together the abstracts of some of these papers. Due to space constraints we have Which plants and fungi contribute to included only those which are led by a Kew 4 important ecosystem services, scientist; a full list of publications, however, can sustainable livelihoods and natural be found at kew.org/publications capital and how do we manage them? p72 * Indicates Kew staff or research associate authors.
    [Show full text]
  • MUSHROOMS of the OTTAWA NATIONAL FOREST Compiled By
    MUSHROOMS OF THE OTTAWA NATIONAL FOREST Compiled by Dana L. Richter, School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI for Ottawa National Forest, Ironwood, MI March, 2011 Introduction There are many thousands of fungi in the Ottawa National Forest filling every possible niche imaginable. A remarkable feature of the fungi is that they are ubiquitous! The mushroom is the large spore-producing structure made by certain fungi. Only a relatively small number of all the fungi in the Ottawa forest ecosystem make mushrooms. Some are distinctive and easily identifiable, while others are cryptic and require microscopic and chemical analyses to accurately name. This is a list of some of the most common and obvious mushrooms that can be found in the Ottawa National Forest, including a few that are uncommon or relatively rare. The mushrooms considered here are within the phyla Ascomycetes – the morel and cup fungi, and Basidiomycetes – the toadstool and shelf-like fungi. There are perhaps 2000 to 3000 mushrooms in the Ottawa, and this is simply a guess, since many species have yet to be discovered or named. This number is based on lists of fungi compiled in areas such as the Huron Mountains of northern Michigan (Richter 2008) and in the state of Wisconsin (Parker 2006). The list contains 227 species from several authoritative sources and from the author’s experience teaching, studying and collecting mushrooms in the northern Great Lakes States for the past thirty years. Although comments on edibility of certain species are given, the author neither endorses nor encourages the eating of wild mushrooms except with extreme caution and with the awareness that some mushrooms may cause life-threatening illness or even death.
    [Show full text]
  • The Secotioid Syndrome Author(S): Harry D
    Mycological Society of America The Secotioid Syndrome Author(s): Harry D. Thiers Source: Mycologia, Vol. 76, No. 1 (Jan. - Feb., 1984), pp. 1-8 Published by: Mycological Society of America Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3792830 Accessed: 18-08-2016 13:56 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3792830?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Mycological Society of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Mycologia This content downloaded from 152.3.43.180 on Thu, 18 Aug 2016 13:56:00 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 76(1) M ycologia January-February 1984 Official Publication of the Mycological Society of America THE SECOTIOID SYNDROME HARRY D. THIERS Department of Biological Sciences, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132 I would like to begin this lecture by complimenting the Officers and Council of The Mycological Society of America for their high degree of cooperation and support during my term of office and for their obvious dedication to the welfare of the Society.
    [Show full text]
  • Fall 2012 Species List Annex October 2012 Lummi Island Foray Species List
    MushRumors The Newsletter of the Northwest Mushroomers Association Volume 23, Issue 2 Summer - Fall, 2012 Record 88 Days Without Measurable Precipitation Defines Northwest Washington’s 2012 Mushroom Season As June had faded into the first week of July, after a second consecutive year of far above average rainfall, no one could have anticipated that by the end of the second week of July we would see virtually no more rain until October 13th, only days before the Northwest Mushroomer’s Association annual Fall Mushroom Show. The early part of the season had offered up bumper crops of the prince (Agaricus augustus), and, a bit later, similar Photo by Jack Waytz quantities of the sulphur shelf (Laetiporus coniferarum). There were also some anomalous fruitings, which seemed completely inexplicable, such as matsutake mushrooms found in June and an exquisite fruiting of Boletus edulis var. grand edulis in Mt. Vernon at the end of the first week of July, under birch, (Pictured on page 2 of this letter) and Erin Moore ran across the king at the Nooksack in Deming, under western hemlock! As was the case last year, there was a very robust fruiting of lobster mushrooms in advance of the rains. It would seem that they need little, or no moisture at all, to have significant flushes. Apparently, a combination of other conditions, which remain hidden from the 3 princes, 3 pounds! mushroom hunters, herald their awakening. The effects of the sudden drought were predictably profound on the mycological landscape. I ventured out to Baker Lake on September 30th, and to my dismay, the luxuriant carpet of moss which normally supports a myriad of Photo by Jack Waytz species had the feel of astro turf, and I found not a single mushroom there, of any species.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogue of Fungus Fair
    Oakland Museum, 6-7 December 2003 Mycological Society of San Francisco Catalogue of Fungus Fair Introduction ......................................................................................................................2 History ..............................................................................................................................3 Statistics ...........................................................................................................................4 Total collections (excluding "sp.") Numbers of species by multiplicity of collections (excluding "sp.") Numbers of taxa by genus (excluding "sp.") Common names ................................................................................................................6 New names or names not recently recorded .................................................................7 Numbers of field labels from tables Species found - listed by name .......................................................................................8 Species found - listed by multiplicity on forays ..........................................................13 Forays ranked by numbers of species .........................................................................16 Larger forays ranked by proportion of unique species ...............................................17 Species found - by county and by foray ......................................................................18 Field and Display Label examples ................................................................................27
    [Show full text]