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Naturalism in the Philosophies of Dewey and Zhuangzi
Naturalism in the Philosophies of Dewey and Zhuangzi: The Live Creature and the Crooked Tree by Christopher C. Kirby A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy Department of Philosophy College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Co-Major Professor: John P. Anton Ph.D. Co-Major Professor: Martin Schönfeld Ph.D. Sidney Axinn Ph.D. Alexander Levine Ph.D. Date of Approval: December 12, 2008 Keywords: Pragmatism, Daoism, Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics © Copyright 2008 Christopher C. Kirby Dedication For P.J. – “Nature speaks louder than the call from the minaret.” (Inayat Khan, Bowl of Saki) Table of Contents List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................. ii Abstract ..................................................................................................................... iii Preface: West Meets East........................................................................................... 1 Dewey’s Encounter with China ............................................................................. 6 Chapter One: What is Naturalism? .......................................................................... 15 Naturalism and the Organic Point of View .......................................................... 16 Nature and the Language of Experience .............................................................. 22 Naturalistic Strategies in Philosophy .................................................................. -
NEUROCENTRISM Feld, Meca, & Sauvigné, in Press)
NEUROCENTRISM feld, Meca, & Sauvigné, in press). In its Neurocentrism: Implications for Psychotherapy most extreme form, neurocentrism regards Practice and Research the CNS as essentially the only adequate level of analysis for conceptualizing and treating psychological phenomena. Scott O. Lilienfeld, Emory University The early 21st century is also awash in talk of psychological conditions as “brain Seth J. Schwartz and Alan Meca, University of Miami disorders.” For example, in a 2013 TEDx talk, Thomas Insel, director of the National Katheryn C. Sauvigné, Georgia State University Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), argued Sally Satel, American Enterprise Institute that “what we need conceptually to make progress here is to rethink these disorders [mental disorders] as brain disorders” (Insel, 2013; see also Insel & Cuthbert, 1989, SAMUEL GUZE, then one of the damental level of analysis—the brain. IN 2015). doyens of American psychiatry, laid down Hence, it is only at this level, Guze main- But is neurocentrism helpful in clarify- the gauntlet to his academic colleagues in a tained, that research will ultimately bear ing our thinking about the causes and provocative article, entitled “Biological fruit in understanding, treating, and pre- treatment of mental disorders? What are its Psychiatry: Is There Any Other Kind?”, venting mental afflictions. implications for psychotherapy practice published in a prestigious medical journal. Over a quarter of a century later, we find and research? On the opening page, Guze answered his ourselves confronting the same question own question with a resounding “no”: raised by Guze, but with respect to psy- The Long Swing of the Pendulum “There can be no such thing as a psychiatry chology. -
American Psychologist
American Psychologist Public Skepticism of Psychology: Why Many People Perceive the Study of Human Behavior as Unscientific Scott O. Lilienfeld Online First Publication, June 13, 2011. doi: 10.1037/a0023963 CITATION Lilienfeld, S. O. (2011, June 13). Public Skepticism of Psychology: Why Many People Perceive the Study of Human Behavior as Unscientific. American Psychologist. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1037/a0023963 Public Skepticism of Psychology Why Many People Perceive the Study of Human Behavior as Unscientific Scott O. Lilienfeld Emory University Data indicate that large percentages of the general public and allied trends (see Redding & O’Donohue, 2009, and regard psychology’s scientific status with considerable Tierney, 2011, for recent discussions) have retarded the skepticism. I examine 6 criticisms commonly directed at the growth of scientific psychology. Others (e.g., Dawes, 1994; scientific basis of psychology (e.g., psychology is merely Lilienfeld, Lynn, & Lohr, 2003; Thyer & Pignotti, in press) common sense, psychology does not use scientific methods, have assailed the scientific status of large swaths of clinical psychology is not useful to society) and offer 6 rebuttals. I psychology, counseling psychology, and allied mental then address 8 potential sources of public skepticism to- health disciplines, contending that these fields have been ward psychology and argue that although some of these overly permissive of poorly supported practices. Still oth- sources reflect cognitive errors (e.g., hindsight bias) or ers (e.g., S. Koch, 1969; Meehl, 1978) have bemoaned the misunderstandings of psychological science (e.g., failure to at times painfully slow pace of progress of psychology, distinguish basic from applied research), others (e.g., psy- especially in the “softer” domains of social, personality, chology’s failure to police itself, psychology’s problematic clinical, and counseling psychology. -
Sweet Dreams: Philosophical Obstacles to a Science of Consciousness Pdf
FREE SWEET DREAMS: PHILOSOPHICAL OBSTACLES TO A SCIENCE OF CONSCIOUSNESS PDF Daniel C. Dennett | 216 pages | 01 Oct 2006 | MIT Press Ltd | 9780262541916 | English | Massachusetts, United States Sweet Dreams: Philosophical Obstacles to a Science of Consciousness by Daniel C. Dennett See what's new with book lending at the Internet Archive. Uploaded by station Search icon An illustration of a magnifying glass. User icon An illustration of a person's head and chest. Sign up Log in. Web icon An illustration of a computer application window Wayback Machine Texts icon An illustration of an open book. Books Video icon An illustration of two cells of a film strip. Video Audio icon An illustration of an audio speaker. Audio Software icon An illustration of a 3. Software Images icon An illustration of two photographs. Images Donate icon An illustration of a heart shape Sweet Dreams: Philosophical Obstacles to a Science of Consciousness Ellipses icon An illustration of text ellipses. Sweet dreams : philosophical obstacles to a science of consciousness Item Preview. EMBED for wordpress. Want more? Advanced embedding details, examples, and help! Drawing on psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and artificial intelligence, he asserted that human consciousness is essentially the mental software that reorganizes the functional architecture of the brain. In Sweet Dreams, he recasts the Multiple Drafts Model as the "fame in the brain" model, as a background against which to examine the philosophical issues that "continue to bedevil the field. There are no reviews yet. Be the first one to write a review. Books for People with Print Disabilities. Internet Archive Books. -
The Person and Philosophy of Science and Medicine
International Journal of Integrated Care – ISSN 1568-4156 Volume 10, 29 January 2010 URL: http://www.ijic.org Publisher: Igitur, Utrecht Publishing & Archiving Services Copyright: Section on Conceptual Bases of Person-centered Medicine The person and philosophy of science and medicine Kenneth F. Schaffner, MD, PhD, University Professor of History and Philosophy of Science, Professor of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA Correspondence to: Kenneth Schaffner, E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] This article addresses three perspectives from which to view the person in personalized and person-centered medi- cine and psychiatry. The first considers the particular person’s body, with a focus on pharmacogenomic advances in understanding individual variation both in drug metabolism (e.g. CYP genotyping) as well as in dopamine and receptor polymorphisms. The second part of the talk considers the particular person’s ‘mind’—as a complex nar- rative of life plans, experiences, responses, and family and social contexts, and how philosophy has characterized and interpreted the person seeking psychiatric help. The article concludes with an exploration of how the first two perspectives can best be philosophically integrated for the whole particularized individual, and considers how the tools and resources of the World Psychiatric Association Institutional Program on Psychiatry for the Person (IPPP) might assist this integration. Before approaching these three perspectives, we first need to be clear about the several senses in which ‘person- alized medicine’ may be used. There seem to be two somewhat overlapping senses that will concern us in this paper. The first, and most broadly accepted but also the more restrictive sense, identifies personalized medicine with individualized medicine—and is focused on largely genetic individual variation. -
Darwins Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life Free
FREE DARWINS DANGEROUS IDEA: EVOLUTION AND THE MEANINGS OF LIFE PDF Daniel C. Dennett | 592 pages | 26 Sep 1996 | Penguin Books Ltd | 9780140167344 | English | London, United Kingdom Darwin's Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life by Daniel C. Dennett Skip to search form Skip to main content You are currently offline. Some features of the site may not work correctly. DOI: View PDF. Save to Library. Create Darwins Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life. Launch Research Feed. Share This Paper. Peter Woodford History and philosophy of the life sciences Hodgson The Cambridge Companion to Darwin. Hodge, G. Radick Citation Type. Has PDF. Publication Type. More Filters. Neo-Darwinists and Neo-Aristotelians: how to talk about natural purpose. Highly Influenced. Open Access. View 3 excerpts, cites background. Research Feed. Living with Manny's dangerous idea. View 4 excerpts, cites background and methods. Trees and networks before and after Darwin. Why Can't Biologists Read Poetry? Ian McEwan's Enduring Love. How Darwinian is cultural evolution? Darwinism and Meaning. View 2 excerpts, cites background. References Publications referenced by this paper. Related Papers. Abstract Citations 1 References Related Papers. By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our Privacy PolicyTerms of Serviceand Dataset License. Darwin's Dangerous Idea by Daniel Dennett: Summary, Notes, and Lessons - Nat Eliason Darwin's Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life is a book by the philosopher Daniel Dennettin which the author looks at some of the repercussions of Darwinian theory. The crux of the argument is that, whether or not Darwin's theories are overturned, there is no going back from the dangerous idea that design purpose or what something is for might not need a designer. -
Reductionism and Its Heuristics: Making Methodological Reductionism Honest
Synthese DOI 10.1007/s11229-006-9017-0 ORIGINAL PAPER Reductionism and its heuristics: Making methodological reductionism honest William C. Wimsatt © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006 Abstract Methodological reductionists practice ‘wannabe reductionism’. They claim that one should pursue reductionism, but never propose how. I integrate two strains in prior work to do so. Three kinds of activities are pursued as “reductionist”. “Succes- sional reduction” and inter-level mechanistic explanation are legitimate and powerful strategies. Eliminativism is generally ill-conceived. Specific problem-solving heuris- tics for constructing inter-level mechanistic explanations show why and when they can provide powerful and fruitful tools and insights, but sometimes lead to erroneous results. I show how traditional metaphysical approaches fail to engage how science is done. The methods used do so, and support a pragmatic and non-eliminativist realism. Keywords Aggregativity · Biases · Eliminativism · Heuristics · Identification · Inter-level explanation · Localization · Mechanism · Methodological reductionism · Problem-solving · Wannabe reductionism We take it for granted that human activity, including science, is purposive. Yet we have ignored this fact in our analysis of reductionistic activities. Or perhaps we have too easily taken for granted the time-honored aims of the unity of science and onto- logical economy. But these are aims of the metaphysician, and not, save perhaps in foundational projects of physics, those of most scientists. Scientists pursue more local goals, at several layers of increasing locality. I investigate them here. First I argue that there are two types of reduction, differentiated by function, which I call successional reduction and inter-level explanation. I here follow the lead of Thomas Nickles’ clas- sics 1973 paper, but in characterizing them functionally, I add other distinguishing features. -
Dennett in a Nutshell
Dennett in a Nutshell The following is a brief outline of Dan Dennett’s positions regarding the “problem” of consciousness. For more detail see his popular expositions: “Consciousness Explained”, “Freedom Evolves” and “Darwin’s Dangerous Idea- Evolution and the Meanings of Life”. See also the Dennett chapter summaries and discussion threads: http://forums.philosophyforums.com/thread/6031 http://forums.philosophyforums.com/thread/6331 1. Naturalism: First and foremost Dennett will simply not entertain any appeals to magic. These ideas come under a variety of headings with a full spectrum of philosophies from New Age quantum consciousness to religious belief in the immaterial soul. Therefore Dennett allows: no dualism (properties or substances), no vitalism, no soul, no epiphenomenism, no essentialism, no intrinsic supernatural or metaphysical forces or processes and most of all- NO SKYHOOKS! What does Dennett mean by a "skyhook"? The concept of "skyhook" has an uncertain origin, though Dennett cites an anecdote of "...an aeroplane pilot commanded to remain in place (aloft) for another hour, who replies: 'the machine is not fitted with skyhooks' "... Dennett goes on to explain "The skyhook concept is perhaps a descendant of the deus ex machina of ancient Greek dramaturgy: when second-rate play- wrights found their heroes into inescapable difficulties, they were often tempted to crank down a god onto the scene, like Superman, to save the situation supernaturally. ... Skyhooks would be wonderful things to have, great for lifting unwieldy objects out of difficult circumstances, and speeding up all sorts of construction projects. Sad to say, they are impossible." (DDI, p74). Ultimately, skyhooks are the Lockeian "mind-first" processes that often disregard that apparent design is the result of mindless mechanism. -
Simon Kemp STIMULUS and RESPONSE: BEHAVIORISM, TROPISMS, and TWENTIETH-CENTURY FRENCH THOUGHT and LITERATURE
Simon Kemp STIMULUS AND RESPONSE: BEHAVIORISM, TROPISMS, AND TWENTIETH-CENTURY FRENCH THOUGHT AND LITERATURE iterary criticism’s model of choice for the understanding of fctional Lminds has been, at least until recent cognitive and evolutionary incursions, primarily psychoanalytic. While French literature itself has had many dealings with Freudian and post-Freudian psychoanalysis over the last century, for instance, in the work of André Breton, Serge Doubrovsky, and Marie Cardinal, other conceptions of the mind emerging from science, philosophy, and religion have also made their mark on literary culture, and the individual characteristics of these alternatives are not always well served by interpretations using a psychoanalytic framework. One of the most infuential and controversial of these other theories of human nature in the twentieth century was behaviorism, which dominated scientifc psychology in the postwar decades. As a scientifc theory, it was championed in France by the sociologist and intellectual Pierre Naville, who may have been instrumental in bringing it to the attention of Jean-Paul Sartre and Maurice Merleau- Ponty, in whose philosophy it is discussed in detail. As a cultural force, it was the critic Claude-Edmonde Magny who frst drew awareness to its possible infuence, along with cinema, on the “externalist” American novels of the 1940s, which were to have a major infuence on French writers like Sartre and Albert Camus. André Gide makes reference to the scientifc origins of the movement in his fction, albeit dismissively, and Nathalie Sarraute not only discusses behaviorism and its cultural manifestations extensively in her essays but employs its foundational concept, the tropism, prominently throughout her fction. -
One Magisterium: How Nature Knows Through Us
One Magisterium One Magisterium: How Nature Knows through Us By Seán Ó Nualláin President, University of Ireland, California Universityofireland.com [email protected] One Magisterium: How Nature Knows through Us, by Seán Ó Nualláin This book first published 2014 Cambridge Scholars Publishing 12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2014 by Seán Ó Nualláin All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-6398-X, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-6398-8 To all working at the edges of society in an uncompromising search for truth and justice. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements .................................................................................. viii Exposition of the Themes of this Book ....................................................... x Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 Chapter One ............................................................................................... 13 The Trouble with Everything Chapter Two .............................................................................................. 65 The Path to Truth Chapter Three ......................................................................................... -
Copyrighted Material
Index a-theory of time, 113 n. 13, 114, 115, 116, 118 goods of the afterlife, 473–4 n. 17, 121, 124, 183–6, 187, 191 moral argument, xii abstract objects, 11, 107, 179, 188 n. 94, 193 mystical perception and sense perception, actual infi nite; see also, kalam cosmological 273, 502–3, 504, 512, 520, 530, 531 argument defense treatment of evil, xii, 473–5 dichotomy paradoxes, 119 Anscombe, Elizabeth, xii, 344, 353, 361–2; see existence of, 106–15 also, argument from reason formalist defenders of, 105, 183 ambiguity of Lewis’ sense of “explanation”, formation of, 117–24 357–8 impossibility of, 103–6 explanation-types, 356–8, 376 infi nite regress of events and, 115–16 irrational vs. nonrational causes, 353–4 infi nite series, 118, 119, 120, 121, 145 n. 44, paradigm case argument, 354–6 195, 331 unlimited explanatory compatibilism, infi nite set, 104, 105, 109, 111, 112, 115, 120, 358–60 125, 250 Anselm, St., 1, 16, 553 see also ontological modality of, 105–6, 293 argument potential infi nite, 103–4, 112, 113, 114, 115, cosmological argument and, 101 116, 118, 144 modal argument, 572–4, 580–1 successive addition and, 117–20, 124–5 Monologion and Proslogium, 554, 558 Stadium paradoxes, 119 ontological argument, 554–65 temporal regress of events, 101, 103, 106, Anthropic Principle objection, 276–7; see also 115, 116, 117 teleological argument Tristram Shandy, 120–1 apologetics, 18, 394, 606, 627, 639; see also Zeno’s paradoxes, 119, 120, 124, 144 natural theology; worldview Adams, Marilyn, xii, 468,COPYRIGHTED 485 Aquinas, Thomas; MATERIAL see also Anselm; natural Adams, Robert, xi, xii, 295–6, 414, 479 theology agnosticism, 20–1, 28, 33, 91, 250–1, 336–7, cosmological argument and, 101, 102 501, 597, 640, 648, 650; see also theism. -
Creation/Evolution
Creation/Evolution Issue 39 Winter 1996 Articles 1 The Trial of Darwin is Over: Religious Voices for Evolution and the "Fairness" Doctrine Leonard Lieberman and Rodney C. Kirk 10 Naturalism, Creationism and the Meaning of Life: The Case of Phillip Johnson Revisited Robert T. Pennock 31 Commentary: Is Science's Naturalism Metaphysical or Methodological? Review Essay by Karl D. Fezer LICENSED TO UNZ.ORG ELECTRONIC REPRODUCTION PROHIBITED About this issue. Issue 39 of Creation/Evolution is a landmark volume. It marks an important transition in the publications that we bring you from NCSE. Beginning in February, 1997, NCSE will reformat its periodicals to produce a combined publication devoted both to news and analysis. The articles and reviews that you have become accustomed to reading in Creation/Evolution will now appear in the same volume as the news, updates, and other features that make up NCSE Reports. We carried details of this transformation in NCSE Reports 16, no. 1: 10-11 in which NCSE Executive Director Dr. Eugenie C. Scott announced the decision of the NCSE Board of Directors to redesign our publications and discussed the reasons for the change. Prospective contributors should note the changes in style requirements for submissions to the new journal, Reports of the National Center for Science Education. These changes will go into effect with the first issue of 1997, Volume 17, number 1. This final issue of Creation/Evolution is a good example of the variety and breadth of knowledge that our contributors and members bring to NCSE. Len Lieberman and Rodney Kirk wondered if students in their introductory courses on human evolution could recognize statements by religious organizations in support of evolution (as contained in NCSE's Voice for Evolution).