A second survey of Surinam Syrphidae (Diptera): introduction and

Menno Reemer

A faunistic study of the Syrphidae of Surinam was published by Van Doesburg (1962, 1966), based on material collected in the years 1957–1963. The present paper constitutes the first part in a series of papers presenting the results of a second faunistic survey of Surinam Syrphidae, mostly based on recently collected material. This part contains a general introduction and accounts of the of the subfamily Syrphinae. Historical records are reviewed and, when necessary, modified according to present taxonomic knowledge. When available, ecological and biological information is given. Pictures of all recorded species are included. A total number of 60 species of Syrphinae is recorded. Compared with the checklist of Van Doesburg (1966), 22 species are added and 16 are removed. Two new species are described: Leucopodella guianica sp. n. and icarus sp. n. The following new synonyms are proposed: Baccha cultrina Curran, 1939 = B. cultrata Austen, 1893; B. satyra Hull, 1943b = B. cultrata Austen, 1893; B. prunella Hull, 1943b = B. funebris Macquart, 1834; Mesogramma flaviplurus Hall, 1927 = costalis Wiedemann, 1830. Six potentially new species in Ocyptamus Macquart, 1834 and two in Trichopsomyia Williston, 1888 are left unnamed, pending revisions of (the relevant parts of) these genera. A key to the species of Ocyptamus known from Surinam is given. Menno Reemer, Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands. [email protected]

Introduction of the Syrphidae of southeastern . Obvious Worldwide, around 6000 species of Syrphidae are reasons for the low number of published studies in known. More than 1600 of these were described this field are the limited (but increasing) number of from the Neotropics, but this might be only half or entomologists working on the Neotropical fauna, even less of the actual number of species occurring and the large taxonomical problems one faces when in this region (Thompson 1999). The lack of knowl- trying to get Neotropical material identified. Never- edge is strikingly illustrated by the recent review theless, faunistic data are potentially very valuable, of Copestylum species with bromeliad-dwelling lar- as their results can be used for all kinds of purposes, vae: of the 23 species treated in that paper, 22 were including biogeographic studies and range and status described as new (Rotheray et al. 2007). assessments in relation to conservational issues. The number of published faunistic studies on Neo- Surinam is a small (163.000 km2) country on the tropical Syrphidae is low. The few available are shield in the northern part of . often several decades old, such as the ones by Cur- More than 80% of the country is covered by primary ran (1934) and Van Doesburg (1962, 1966). More rainforest. Compared with other South American recently, Thompson (1981) gave a comprehensive countries, the syrphid fauna of Surinam is relatively account of the West Indian syrphid fauna, and well known. This is mainly the result of the com- Marinoni & Thompson (2003) published a review bined efforts of P.H. van Doesburg Sr. (Fig. 1) and

Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 153: 163–196, Figs 1–96, Table 1. [ISSN 0040–7496]. http://www.nev.nl/tve © 2010 Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging. Published 1 December 2010.

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Fig. 1. Portrait of P.H. van Doesburg Sr. (1892–1971), Fig. 2. Portrait of P.H. van Doesburg Jr., Leiden 2001 Baarn 1939 (photo P.H. van Doesburg Jr.). (photo Dr. Jürgen Deckert).

Fig. 3. Collecting localities of Syrphidae in Surinam. Blue dots: localities recorded by Van Doesburg (1962, 1966); pur- ple dots: recent localities. Acro- nyms indicate names of districts: BR = Brokopondo; CM = Com- mewijne; CR = Coronie; MA = Marowijne; NI = Nickerie; PA = Para; PM = ; SA = Saramacca; SI = ; WA = Wanica.

alt -10-200 200-400 400-600 600-900 900-1105

100 km

his son, P.H. van Doesburg Jr. (Fig. 2). From 1957 to some fine illustrations by his son. These papers also 1963, P.H. van Doesburg Jr. collected in Suri- include the results of collecting with malaise traps by nam, among which many Syrphidae, which he sent Geijskes (1968) and a small number of additional to his father in the Netherlands. Van Doesburg Sr. records by others. identified the specimens and published his results in Before Van Doesburg published his papers, hardly two papers (Van Doesburg 1962, 1966), containing anything was known about the Syrphidae of

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Surinam. Maria Sybille Merian (1705) did not The material collected by Van Doesburg Jr. during include any syrphids on her paintings of Surinam the years 1957–1966 is deposited in the RMNH- insects. Linnaeus (1758) described a few species of collection, together with a small number of speci- Diptera based on specimens collected in Surinam by mens collected by other Dutch entomologists, his pupil Daniel Rolander, but there were no Syr- including D.C. Geijskes. In total, this amounts to phidae among them (Dobreff 2010, Papavero 1971). more than 1500 specimens. Both the recent and the The only records of Syrphidae from Surinam prior historical material is being recorded in a database, to Van Doesburg’s papers consisted of descriptions which will be completed after the last paper in this of six species by Hull (1944: Ceriogaster arethusa), series is published. Copies of the database will be Macquart (1846: Eristalis fuscipennis, E. pygmaea) kept by the collection department of the RMNH and Wiedemann (1830: Eristalis inversa, Syrphus cos- and by the author. Whether and how the database talis, Volucella ardua). Van Doesburg (1962, 1966) will be maintained and supplemented in the future recorded a total number of 140 species from the is presently unclear. In the present paper, all recently country, 10 of which he described as new. recorded specimens are collected by the author and From the 29th of December 2005 until the 28th of deposited in the RMNH-collection, unless otherwise April 2006, a second survey of Syrphidae from Suri- stated. The following acronyms are used to indicate nam was carried out by the present author. The first entomological collections: part of the results, containing accounts of the species belonging to the subfamily Syrphinae, is presented AMNH American Museum of Natural History, in this paper. The records of Van Doesburg (1962, New York 1966) are reviewed and, when necessary, modified BMNH British Museum (Natural History), Lon- according to present taxonomic knowledge. When don available, ecological and biological information is CNC Canadian National Collection, Ottawa given. At least two more parts are in preparation, MNHN Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, containing the records of and Microdon- Paris tinae. The last part will present a revised checklist, as MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam- well as a discussion of the syrphid fauna of Surinam. bridge MRSN Museu Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino Material and methods MTD Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden In order to prevent the current study to become little NMW Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vi- more than just another list of names and localities, enna the following matters were given special attention: NZCS National Zoological Collection of Suri- 1) the literature used for identification is indicated name, Paramaribo for each , and often additional sources are indi- OSUC Ohio State University Collection, Co- cated for identification of particular species (groups); lumbus 2) type specimens were studied for many of the taxa OUMNH Oxford University Museum of Natural involved; 3) pictures are included for all recorded History, Oxford species, in order to give future students of the Suri- RMNH National Museum of Natural History, nam fauna a first indication as to the used interpre- Leiden tation of the names, and also to provide an aid for SMF Senckenbergisches Museum, Frankfurt identification. USNM United States National Museum (Smith- Most of the recent material recorded in the present sonian Institutions), Washington D.C. paper was collected by the author between Decem- ZMB Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt- ber 2005 and May 2006. Approximately 1000 speci- Universität, Berlin mens of Syrphidae were collected during this period. ZMUC Zoological Museum, University of Co- For collecting, three methods were employed: hand penhagen netting of adults, searching for larvae, and malaise traps. Additional recent material was obtained by For identification to genus level Thompson (1999) sorting out malaise trap material collected in Perica was used. Identification to species level was done by and in the Brownsberg Nature Reserve between 1997 studying various literature sources, including unpub- and 2001 by staff of the NZCS in Paramaribo. Most lished keys by F.C. Thompson, as well as many type of the recent material is conserved in the RMNH- specimens. Details are mentioned in the species collection, except for a small reference collection in accounts below. Despite the effort put into identi- the NZCS. fication, several specimens could not be identified.

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Although these may well belong to undescribed spe- Apoema (04°36’19”N-54°25’11”W). – District cies, for now it seems better to refrain from describ- Sipaliwini. ing them until a comprehensive revision of the Auca (05°21’N-55°02’W). – District Brokopondo. involved genera is done. In this paper, these species Awarradam (03°50’41”N-55°36’48”W). – District are given preliminary codes instead of a specific epi- Sipaliwini. Village along Gran Rio river. thet (e.g. Ocyptamus SUR-01), which are also stated Babunsanti (05°47’45”N-54°00’28”W). – District on the ID-labels of the specimens, so they can be Marowijne. Coastal village near Galibi. found in the RMNH collection for further study. Bakhuis Mts. (04°46’33,8”N-56°46’21,6”W). – Male genitalia were dissected and macerated in an District Sipaliwini. Air strip in forest. aqueous 10% KOH solution at ambient tempera- Berg en Dal (05°09’N-55°04’W). – District Broko- tures for 12–24 hours and stored in glycerol. Draw- pondo. ings of male genitalia were made with the aid of a Blakawatra (05°31’N-55°00’W). – District Para. drawing tube attached to a Wild M20 compound (05°52’N-55°08’W). – District Para- microscope. Photographs of (parts of) specimens maribo. were taken through an Olympus SZX12 motorised Braamspunt (05°58’N-55°10’W). – District Com- stereozoom microscope, using Analysis Extended mewijne. Focal Imaging Software. Brownsberg (04°56’N-55°10’W). – District Bro- For morphological terminology Thompson (1999) kopondo. Nature reserve, mainly with primary for- is followed, with the exception that codes for wing est. Alt. 500 m. Two malaise traps: near main camp veins are written in capitals and those for wing cells (04°56’45”N-55°10’59”W) and along Mazaroni in lowercase (as in Brown et al. 2009). trail (04°56’36”N-55°11’09”W), both operated 4.III-1.IV.2006. Collecting sites Carolinakreek (05°25’N-55°10’W). – District Para. Figure 3 shows the position of all localities in Suri- Charlesburg (05°50’N-55°10’W). – District Para- nam at which Syrphidae have been collected. The maribo. altitudes of the large majority of localities are below Clevia (05°53’N-55°08’W). – District Paramaribo. 200 m. Only a few localities have altitudes up to (03°22’N-57°20’W). – District Sipaliwini. around 500 m (most notably Brownsberg and Nas- Colakreek (05°27’58”N-55°13’47”W). – District sau Mountains), while no syrphids were collected at Para. Near Zanderij. Savannah forest (FIG). altitudes above 600 m. Malaise traps operated on Combe (05°50’N-55°10’W). – District Paramaribo. the following localities: Brownsberg, Colakreek, Lei- Coroni-weg, Piket 216 (05°45’N-55°55’W). – Dis- ding, Nassau Mountains, Paramaribo Zoo, Peperpot trict Coroni. (Figs 4–7, for details see list below). Dirkshoop (05°46’N-55°29’W). – Paramaribo. The geographical names of the collecting sites are Domburg (05°41’N-55°05’W). – District Wanica. given in the list below, which also includes the Dordrecht (05°50’N-55°05’W). – District Com- localities for the records to be published in the mewijne. intended follow-ups of the present paper. The list Estate Java (05°50’N-54°41’W). – District Com- presents coordinates (longitude-latitude) of the mewijne. recent collecting sites, as well of (partly historical) Emma Mountains (04°12’N-56°12’W). – District localities as noted on the labels of specimens in Sipaliwini. the investigated collections and literature. Coordi- Estate Morgenstond (05°53’N-55°08’W’). – District nates of the recent sites were determined by GPS Paramaribo. by the author. Most of the other coordinates were Estate Waterland (05°41’N-55°03’W). – District obtained from USBGN (1974), supplemented Para. with coordinates and additional information from Fungu Island (04°43’24”N-56°12’26”W). – District Hoogmoed (1973), Stephens & Taylor (1985), Sipaliwini. Primary forest. Wekker (1986) and an unpublished list of localities Gakaba (04°27’19”N-54°26’16”W). – District and coordinates compiled by P.H. van Doesburg Sipaliwini. Jr. For some of the recent sites, information is pro- Gansee / Ganzi (04°50’N-55°03’W). – District Bro- vided on the habitat and periods in which malaise kopondo. traps operated. Geijersvlijt (05°52’N-55°08’W). – District Para- maribo. Afobaka (05°00’N-54°59’W). – District Broko- Grandam (03°58’15”N-55°30’58”W). – District pondo. Sipaliwini. Village along Gran Rio river. Albina (05°30’N-54°03’W). – District Marowijne. (05°45’N-55°09’W). – District Wanica.

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Jenny, 10 km W (05°47’17”N-56°00’41”W). – Dis- Paramaribo Zorg en Hoop (05°50’N-55°10’W). – trict Coronie. Roadside. District Paramaribo. Jodensavanne (05°25’N-54°59’W). – District Para. Pepejoe (03°21’N-55°27’W). – District Sipaliwini. Kabel / Kabelstation (04°53’N-55°07’W). – District Peperpot (05°46’08”N-55°07’33”W) – District Brokopondo. Commewijne. Moist secondary forest on clay soil. Kajana (03°54’21”N-55°34’03W). – District Sipali- Former coffee- and cocoa-plantation. Alt. sea level. wini. Village along Gran Rio river. Two malaise traps: 2.ii-27.iv.2006 and 6.iv-27. Kayser Airstrip (03°07’N-56°27’W). – District iv.2006. Sipaliwini. Perica (05°40’N-54°36’W) – District Marowijne. (05°51’N-55°18’W). – District Paramaribo. Border of secondary forest on wet sandy soil. Sev- Langatabbetje (04°59’33”N-54°26’18”W). – Dis- eral malaise trap samples by Bart De Dijn between trict Sipaliwini. 6.ii.1997 and 17.ii.1998. Lely (04°24’N-54°39’W). – District Marowijne. Phedra (05°20’N-55°03’W). –District Brokopondo. (05°42’N-55°16’W). – District Wanica. Prins Willem (05°49’N-54°00´W). – District Leonsberg (05°53’N-55°07’W). – District Paramaribo. Marowijne. Litani (03°04’N-54°10’W). – District Sipaliwini. Raleigh Falls (04°43’N-56°12’W). – District Sipali- Ma Retraite (05°52’N-55°08’W). – District Para- wini. Primary forest. maribo. Republiek (05°30’N-55°12’W). – District Para. Manlobbi (04°16’N-54°32’W). – District Sipali- Rosebel Goldmines (05°06’56”N-55°15’01”W). – wini. District Brokopondo. Mapane Area (05°28’N-54°41’W). – District Para. Saramacca river crossing (05°49’43”N-55°28’00”W). Mariënburg (05°53’N-55°03’W). – District Com- – District Saramacca. mewijne. Sipaliwini (02°06’N-56°02’W). – District Sipali- Matta Savanne (05°28’N-55°21’W). – District Para. wini. - (05°47’05”N-55°06’12”W). Stoelmans Isl. (04°21’N-54°24’W). –District Sipali- – District Commewijne. wini. Meerzorg, 5 km SE (05°47’12”N-55°13’05”W). – Tibiti Savanne (05°23’N-55°56’W). – District Para. District Commewijne. Toemoek Hoemak, Temomairem (03°00’N-55°23’W). - Wia Wia (05°35’N-54°15’W). – – District Sipaliwini. District Marowijne. Vier Kinderen (05°30’13”N-55°13’06”W). – Dis- Mopentibo (05°47’57”N-55°07’05”W). – District trict Para. Commewijne. Voltz Mountain (04°41’N-56°10’W). – District Nason (04°48’47”N-54°28’10”W). – District Sipali- Sipaliwini wini. Wageningen (05°46’N-56°41’W). – District Nick- Nassau Mountains (04°48’52”N-54°36’35”W). erie. – District Sipaliwini. Mountain plateau with Wilhelmina Mountains (03°35’N-56°35’W). – Dis- primary and secondary forest. Alt. 500 m. Two trict Sipaliwini. malaise traps during rainy wheather from 22–25. Wonotobo (04°23’N-57°56’W). – District Sipali- iv.2006. wini. Nickerie (05°57’N-56°59’W). – District Nickerie. Zanderij 1 (05°28’04”N-55°12’43”W). – District Onverdacht (05°36’49”N-55°09’37”W). – District Para. Para. Roadside. Zanderij road to Kraka (05°25’18”N-55°11’23”W). Palumeu (03°21’N-55°27’W). – District Sipaliwini. – District Para. Roadside along savannah forest. Paramaribo Anton de Kom Universiteit (05°48’53”N-55°12’54”W). – University campus with some adjacent ruderal areas. Results Paramaribo Cultuurtuin (05°50’30”N-55°09’29”W). The present paper records 60 species of the sub- – Botanical garden, containing small relict of pri- family Syrphinae from Surinam. This includes mary forest. 22 species previously not known from Surinam, Paramaribo Leiding (05°48’40”N-55°17’03”W). – although some of them were already recorded by Part of Paramaribo. Backyard near secondary forest Van Doesburg (1962, 1966), but misidentified. Two area. Malaise trap: 28.i-1.iii.2006. species are described here for the first time, while Paramaribo Zoo (05°50’30”N-55°09’29”W) – Second- eight remain unidentified. Compared with Van ary forest near botanical garden with small relict of pri- Doesburg’s list, 16 species are removed and several mary forest. Alt. sea level. Malaise trap: 19.i-27.ii.2006. taxa are included under their senior synonym names.

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Figs 4–5. Malaise traps at work. – 4, Colakreek; 5, Nassau Mountains.

4

5

An overview of changes compared with the previ- Also the information on types follows Thompson ous checklist as published by Van Doesburg (1966) (2010), thus I refer to ‘types’ rather than syntypes is given in Table 1. Details on all species are given when this database just refers to ‘type(s)’. In many in the species accounts below. The genera and spe- cases these will be syntypes. cies are given in alphabetic order. Information on For each species, a reference to the original descrip- the number of described species per genus, type tion is given, with an indication of the type local- localities and deposition of type specimens is based ity and the type deposition. If the species has been on Thompson et al. (1976) and Thompson (1999, recorded by Van Doesburg (1962, 1966), this is 2010). Synonymies are also based on these works, indicated. Synonyms are only given when relevant unless stated otherwise. Full references to the origi- for the interpretation of literature concerning the nal descriptions can also be found in these works, syrphid fauna of Surinam. Photographs of each spe- and are therefore not included in the list of refer- cies are given in Figs 8–96. ences in the present paper (unless specifically cited). All ‘previous records’ mentioned in the species

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Figs 6–7. Malaise traps at work. – 6, Paramaribo Leiding; 7, Peperpot.

6

7

Allograpta annulipes (Macquart) accounts are based on Van Doesburg (1962, 1966). Fig. 8 For these records, only the locality is given. Fur- ther information can be found in Van Doesburg’s Paragus annulipes Macquart, 1850: 464. Syntypes: Brazil papers. Most of the new records are based on col- (MNHN). [not examined] lecting activities of the author, unless stated other- scutellata Sack, 1941: 99. Type locality: Peru, Bolivia (MTD). [not examined] wise. Allograpta geminata Fluke, 1942. Holotype: Ecuador (AMNH). [not examined] Allograpta Osten Sacken, 1875 Allograpta scutellata Sack: Van Doesburg 1962: 6; 1966: 65. Identification of the Surinam specimens is based Notes. The specimens from Surinam key to on Fluke (1942), an unpublished draft key by A. annulipes (or its synonyms) in the keys of F.C. Thompson, comparison with identified mate- Fluke (1942) and an unpublished draft key by rial in the USNM collection and comparison with F.C. Thompson. They have also been compared with type material. identified specimens in the USNM collection. Previous records. Paramaribo.

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Table 1. Overview of proposed changes in the checklist of Syrphidae (subfamily Syrphinae) of Surinam, compared with the list of Van Doesburg (1966). For details see species accounts.

Species added to the checklist (22)

Allograpta exotica (Wiedemann, 1830) Ocyptamus SUR-21b Leucopodella guianica sp. n. Paragus cf. haemorrhous Meigen, 1822 Ocyptamus adspersus (Fabricius, 1805) virgata Austen, 1893 Ocyptamus anonus (Hull, 1943) apegiensis (Harbach, 1974) Ocyptamus icarus sp. n. Toxomerus difficilis (Curran, 1930) Ocyptamus silaceus (Austen, 1893) Toxomerus papaveroi Borges & Couri, 2009 Ocyptamus SUR-01 Toxomerus sedmani Harbach, 1984 Ocyptamus SUR-04 Toxomerus steatogaster (Hull, 1941) Ocyptamus SUR-05 Trichopsomyia SUR-01 Ocyptamus SUR-06b Trichopsomyia SUR-02 Ocyptamus SUR-10 Xanthandrus bucephalus (Wiedemann, 1830)

Species removed from the checklist(16)

Allograpta obliqua (Say, 1823) misid. of A. exotica (Wiedemann, 1830) Ocyptamus braziliensis (Curran, 1966) misid. of O. shropshirei (Curran, 1930) O. callidus (Hine, 1914) misid. of O. anonus (Hull, 1943) O. diffusus (Curran, 1939) misid. of O. silaceus (Austen, 1893) O. fervidus (Austen, 1893) misid. of O. SUR-10 O. funebris (Macquart, 1834) misid. of O. princeps (Hull, 1944) O. lineatus (Macquart, 1846) misid. of O. norinus (Curran, 1941) O. ovipositorius (Hull, 1943) misid. of O. cordelia (Hull, 1949) O. pictulus (Hull, 1949) syn. of O. cultratus (Austen, 1893) O. prudens (Curran, 1943) misid. of O. croceus (Austen, 1893) Toxomerus duplicatus (Wiedemann, 1830) misid. of T. papaveroi Borges & Couri, 2009 and T. productus (Curran, 1930) (Say, 1823) misid. of T. dispar (Fabricius, 1794) Toxomerus nymphalius (Hull, 1942) misid. of T. apegiensis (Harbach, 1974) Toxomerus taenius (Curran, 1930) misid. of T. musicus (Fabricius, 1805) Trichopsomyia polita Williston, 1888 misid. of T. SUR01 and T. SUR-02 Xanthandrus mexicanus Curran, 1930 misid. of X. bucephalus (Wiedemann, 1830)

Name changes Van Doesburg (1962, 1966) Present publication

Allograpta scutellata Sack, 1941 A. annulipes (Macquart) Baccha Fabricius, 1805 Leucopodella Hull, 1949 and Ocyptamus 1834 Mesograpta Loew, 1872 Toxomerus Macquart, 1855 Ocyptamus crocatus (Austen, 1893) O. lepidus (Macquart, 1842) Ocyptamus ochreolineus (Hull, 1944) O. luctuosus (Bigot, 1883) Toxomerus basilaris (Wiedemann, 1830) T. dispar (Fabricius, 1794) Toxomerus confusus (Schiner, 1868) T. virgulatus (Macquart, 1850) Toxomerus laciniosus (Loew, 1866) T. pulchellus (Macquart, 1846) Toxomerus maculatus (Bigot, 1884) T. pictus (Macquart, 1842)

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Allograpta aperta Fluke Baccha clavata (Fabricius): Van Doesburg 1962: 9, 1966: Fig. 9 70. Allograpta aperta Fluke, 1942: 19. Holotype: Guyana Pseudodoros clavatus (Fabricius) [commonly used combina- (AMNH). [examined] tion]. Allograpta aperta Fluke: Van Doesburg 1966: 64. Allograpta aperta var. notata Van Doesburg, 1966: 64. Hol- otype: Surinam, Wilhelmina Mountains (RMNH). Notes. In older literature this species is treated under [examined] Baccha, while in most recent literature it appears as Pseudodoros clavatus. The specimens from Surinam key to D. clavata in the key of Kassebeer (2000). Notes. The specimens from Surinam, including the Previous records. Paramaribo. holotype of var. notata, have been compared with New records. Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, 29.xii.2005, the holotype (AMNH). They were found to be suf- 1/; Paramaribo Anton de Kom Universiteit, ficiently similar to consider them to belong to the 31.i.2006, 2? 2/; Paramaribo Leiding, 28.i–6. same species. The name notata applies to specimens ii.2006, malaise trap, 2/; Babunsanti, 11.iii.2006, in which the oblique spots on the tergites are widely 1/; Colakreek, 23.iii.2006, 1/. separated at their bases, as opposed to specimens in which the spots are basally connected. As intermedi- Leucopodella Hull, 1949 ates between these character states occur, it does not seem biologically significant to use a different name Leucopodella is a Neotropical genus containing ten for one of them. described species. A key to these and five unde- Previous records. Wilhelmina mountains. scribed species is given by Thompson (1981). New records. Raleigh Falls, 16.vii.1963, leg. P.H. van ? Doesburg Jr., 1 (RMNH). Leucopodella bigoti (Austen) Fig. 13 (Wiedemann) Baccha apicalis Bigot, 1883: 334. Holotype /: Brazil: Fig. 10 “Holo- / type”, “ex. coll. Bigot. / Pres. by / G.H. Ver- Syrphus exoticus Wiedemann, 1830: 136. Lectotype: Brazil rall. / B.M. 1894–234.”, “B. Apicalis. [female sign] (NMW). [not examined] / L.e.334. / Brazil. Type. J. Bigot.”, “BMNH(E) # / (Say, 1823) of Van Doesburg 1966: 64, 230634” (BMNH). [examined] misidentification. Baccha bigoti Austen, 1893: 147. Replacement name for Baccha apicalis Bigot, 1883, a junior primary homo- nym of Baccha apicalis Loew, 1858. Notes. The specimen from Surinam (a male) has Baccha bigoti Austen: Van Doesburg 1966: 70. been compared with material in the USNM collec- tion. Although previously recorded from Surinam as Notes. The species is known from Surinam from a A. obliqua, this specimen belongs to A. exotica single female, which keys to L. bigoti in the key of because of the black katepimeron (yellow in obliqua). Thompson (1981). The specimen has been com- Previous records. Paramaribo (Dirkshoop). pared with the holotype, to which it was found to be very similar, although in the Surinam specimen the Dioprosopa Hull, 1949 dark wing marks are less pronounced. Previous records. Sipaliwini. Pseudodoros auct. nec Becker, 1903 Leucopodella guianica sp. n. A small genus, to which three species are assigned. Figs 14, 15, 97–100 The New World species D. clavata (Fabricius) has until recently always been placed in Pseudodoros. Type material. Holotype ?: French Guyana: However, Kassebeer (2000) points out that the Afri- Roura, Kaw Road, PK 37 (km 37), Relais Patawa, can type species of Pseudodoros is distinct from the N 4°32’42” - W 52°9’9”, malaise trap, ix.2009, leg. New World species in several important characters. J.A. Cerda (RMNH). Paratypes. 1/ from same locality, date and leg. as ? / Dioprosopa clavata (Fabricius) holotype (RMNH); 1 6 from same locality but viii.2009 (RMNH). Guyana: Essequibo R., Figs 11, 12 Moraballi Creek, 23.ix.1929, Oxf. Univ. Expedn., Syrphus clavatus Fabricius, 1794: 298. Lectotype: West In- B.M. 1929–485, 1? (BMNH); Essequibo R., dies (ZMUC). [not examined] Moraballi Creek, 27.ix.1929, Oxf. Univ. Expedn.,

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8 9 10

11 12

13 14 15

18

16 17

19 20 21 Figs 8–21. Dorsal habitus of Syrphidae. – 8, Allograpta annulipes male, Paramaribo 28.vii.1957; 9, A. aperta male, Raleigh Falls 16.vii.1963; 10, A. exotica male, Dirkshoop 1962; 11, Dioprosopa clavata male, Paramaribo 1962; 12, D. clavata female, Paramaribo 15.v.1963; 13, Leucopodella bigoti female, Sipaliwini 8.vi.1963; 14, L. guianica male, holotype; 15, L. guianica female, (paratype) Fr. Guyana, Roura, Kaw Road ix.2009; 16, Salpingogaster virgata female, Brownsberg 14–20.ii.2008; 17, S. nigra male, Coeroeni 23.vi.1963; 18, Xanthandrus bucephalus female, Pa- ramaribo 18.i.1958; 19, Paragus cf. haemorrhous female, Paramaribo 20.vii.1963; 20, Trichopsomyia SUR-01 female, Paramaribo 3.v.1963; 21, Trichopsomyia SUR-02 female, Zanderij 14.viii.1963. Scale bar: 10 mm.

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B.M. 1929–485, 1? (BMNH); Surinam: Nassau basal ¼ of tibia. Front coxa blackish brown; bare. Mts., 24.iv.2006, leg. M. Reemer, 1/ (RMNH). Front trochanter yellow; yellow pilose. Mid and hind coxae and trochanters blackish; black pilose. Diagnosis Wing hyaline, except subcostal cell grey, pterostigma Body length 8–9 mm. In the key to Leucopodella- blackish, apexes of cells R1 and R2+3 grey; microtri- species of Thompson (1981), this species keys to the chose, except bare on 1st costal cell, narrowly basally couplet containing Leucopodella incompta (Austen, on 2nd costal cell, basal ¼ of cell R1, almost entirely 1893) and L. species 80–5. It differs from both spe- on cell R (only some microtrichia along veins and cies by the complete absence of a median brown fas- vena spuria), basal ¾ of cell BM, anterobasal ½ of cia on the wing, although the subcostal cell and the cell CuP. Calypter and halter yellow. wing apex are clearly infuscated. Abdomen. Elongate; constricted at tergite 2; shining blackish brown. Tergite 1 and anterior part of tergite Description of adult male (based on holotype) 2 laterally long whitish pilose, tergite 2 otherwise Body length 9 mm. long dark pilose. Tergite 3 basally long white pilose, Head. Face in frontal view about ¼ of total head apically long dark pilose. Tergite 4 laterally and pos- width; slighty convex in profile, almost flat, without teriorly short black pilose. Sternites black. Sternite 1 tubercle; black; white pilose, except for bare median mixed black and white pilose. Sternite 2 very sparsely stripe of about ⅓ of facial width; entirely greyish black pilose (almost bare). Other sternites short pollinose, less conspicuously medially. Frons shining black pilose. Genitalia as in Fig. 100. black; white pilose laterally; narrowly greyish pol- linose laterally. Vertex black; with a single median Description of adult female row of black pile. Ocellar triangle with frontal angle As male, except for usual sexual dimorphism and approximately 40°. Occiput narrow; black; densely following differences: thoracic pilosity shorter and greyish pollinose; with two rows of white setae: ante- rather white than yellow; no black (but yellow) pile rior row extends upward to ocular notch, posterior laterally on mesonotum between notopleuron and row extends upward to vertex. Antenna: scape and postalar callus; tergite 3 orange brown on basal 1/5; pedicel yellowish; basoflagellomere blackish except tergite 4 with two wide orange brown maculae on basoventral ⅓ yellow; arista blackish except basal ¼ basal 1/6. yellow. Thorax. Mesonotum shining black, except yellow Etymology around postalar callus; yellow pilose, except for The specific epithet guianica was chosen to under- patch of black pile laterally between notopleuron line that this species is presently known exclusively and postalar callus; notopleuron greyish pollinose. from all three : Guyana, Surinam (formerly Postpronotum pale yellow; bare. Postalar callus yel- ‘Dutch Guyana’) and French Guyana. An adjective. low; yellow pilose. Scutellum shining black; yellow pilose. Pleurae shining blackish, except anepisternum Ecology narrowly yellow posterodorsally; greyish pollinose, The specimen from Surinam was observed flying except anepimeron not pollinose. Anepisternum over low shrub along a shady forest path. This cor- bare on anterior part and on anterior ½ of poste- responds with the label information on one of the rior part, yellow pilose on posterior ½ of posterior Guyanan specimens: “dark forest”. part. Anepimeron yellow pilose. Katepisternum dor- sally with large patch of yellow pile, ventrally with Ocyptamus Macquart, 1834 small patch. Katepimeron yellow pilose. Meron bare. Katatergum long whitish microtrichose. Anatergum short whitish microtrichose. Metanotum black, with Ocyptamus is one of the largest and most complex of well-developed arciform crest; thinly greyish pol- all syrphid genera. About 300 species are described, linose. Metasternum underdeveloped; black; bare. probably many of these are synonyms and probably Front leg yellow; yellow pilose. Mid leg with femur many others await description. Recent evidence sug- dark brown except narrowly yellow at apex; tibia and gests that the genus is not monophyletic (Mengual tarsus yellow; femur and tibia yellow pilose anteri- et al. 2008a, b) but little attempt has been made orly, black pilose posteriorly; tarsus yellow pilose. so far to subdivide this large group into meaning- Hind leg dark brown, except femur narrowly yellow ful groups and to review the species. Keys were basally and apically, tibia yellow on basal ¼, tarsus published by Curran (1941) and Hull (1949), but yellow on apical ¼ of tarsomere 1 and on tarsomeres these are incomplete and do not take into account 2–5; hind leg black pilose, except yellow pilose on the intraspecific variation of certain species which

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are highly variable in both coloration and morphol- 6. Alula wider than 1st costal cell ...... 13 ogy. In species such as O. cultratus and O. lepidus, – Alula narrower than or as wide as 1st costal variation in e.g. shape of the abdomen, extent of cell ...... 7 yellow abdominal markings and degree of infusca- 7. Alula entirely microtrichose ...... 9 tion of the wings has led to description of several – Alula partly or entirely bare ...... 8 taxa which – when more specimens became avail- 8. Wing cells R and BM bare on basal ¼ to ⅓ . able – have been synonymized by later authors...... O. SUR-01 The subgenus Mimocalla Hull, 1943 was revised by – Wing cells R and BM entirely microtrichose . Thompson & Zumbado (2000), but no species of ...... O. anonus this group were found in Surinam. 9. Mesonotum black, except yellow along mar- Identification of the Surinam specimens was done gins ...... 11 by studying literature as well as type specimens. – Mesonotum at least partly (reddish) yellow Nevertheless, several species could not be identified. or black with submedial (reddish) yellow vit- These species may well be undescribed, but for now tae ...... 10 it seems better to refrain from describing them until 10. Mesonotum black with submedial (reddish) a comprehensive revision of all Neotropical species yellow vittae ...... O. croceus is done. These unidentified species are given pre- – Mesonotum entirely shining reddish yellow . liminary codes replacing the specific epithet (e.g...... O. SUR-05 Ocyptamus SUR-01). These codes are used on the 11. Male: tergite 2 about 1.5 times as long as ID-labels of the specimens, so they can be found wide. Females: wings not infuscated. Both in the RMNH collection. Only one new species is sexes: < 8 mm ...... O. lepidus described here: O. icarus sp. n. This species is so dis- – Male: tergite 2 about as long as wide. Fe- tinct that confusion with other described taxa seems males: winges usually infuscated. Both sexes: unlikely. generally > 8mm ...... 12 A key to all known Surinam species of Ocyptamus is 12. Yellow fascia on tergite 3 enitre, not medially given below. This key should be used with caution, interrupted ...... O. cultratus as there is no doubt that several additional species – Yellow fascia on tergite 3 medially interrupt- occur in Surinam. However, in combination with ed by black vitta ...... O. luctuosus the pictures (figs 22–67) and the information in the 13. Antenna with all three segments about species accounts, it should provide some understand- equally long ...... O. atypicus ing of the species concepts on which the current – Antenna normal: scape and pedicel much records from Surinam are based. shorter than basoflagellomere ...... 14 14. Hind tibia yellow and yellow pilose ...... 17 Key to the species of Ocyptamus known from – Hind tibia black and / or black pilose ...... 15 Surinam 15. Basal half of wing dark brown, sharply contrasting with hyaline apical half ...... 1. Pleurae entirely black. Tergites sometimes ...... O. flavipennis entirely black, sometimes with yellow mark- – Wing without sharply contrasting dark basal ings ...... 21 half ...... 16 – Pleurae predominantly yellow. Tergites al- 16. Wing with vaguely defined, narrow, dark ways with yellow markings ...... 2 transverse fascia at level of crossvein rm. 2. Apex of wing cell R4+5 not rectangular: Mesonotum with vittae of pale pollinosity vein M1 meets vein R4+5 in a sharp angle interconnected on posterior half. Male: ver- (Fig. 104) ...... 5 tex with median row of long, anteriorly bent – Apex of wing cell R4+5 rectangular: black setae (resembling a cock’s comb) . . . . . veins M1 and R4+5 meet in a right angle ...... O. norinus (Fig. 106) (subgenus Calostigma) ...... 3 – Wing hyaline, without vaguely defined 3. Alula narrower than 1st costal cell . . O. SUR-06b transverse fascia. Mesonotum with vittae of – Alula wider than 1st costal cell ...... 4 pale pollinosity separated from each other 4. Scutellum brown. Hind femur with dark over entire length, not interconnected. Male: brown fascia ...... O. obliquus vertex without median row of long black se- – Scutellum yellow. Hind femur entirely yel- tae ...... O. silacea low ...... O. hyalipennis 17. Abdomen parallel-sided ...... 18 5. Alula absent ...... O. SUR-04 – Abdomen more or less constricted: tergite 2 – Alula present ...... 6 clearly less wide than tergites 3–4 ...... 19

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18. Scutellum yellow with black spot apicome- Abdomen long: when wings are folded, the dially. Posterior ⅓ of postalar callus black . . tip of the abdomen reaches beyond the wing ...... O. icarus tips ...... O. johnsoni – Scutellum entirely yellow. Postalar callus en- ...... O. geijskesi tirely yellow Ocyptamus adspersus (Fabricius) 19. Ground colour of mesonotum with pattern Figs 22, 23 of dark and yellow vittae ...... O. SUR-10 – Ground colour of mesonotum black (except Baccha adspersa Fabricius, 1805: 200. Type locality: South for yellow lateral margins), although vittae of America (ZMUC). [not examined] pale pollinosity are present ...... 20 20. Submedian yellow vittae on tergites 3 and 4 Notes. Ocyptamus adspersus is very similar to O. sig- straight, not expanding laterad posteriorly . . niferus (Austen, 1893) and possibly synonymous (see ...... O. prudens descriptions and drawings in Austen 1893 and Hull – Submedian yellow vittae on tergites 3 and 4 1943b). The differences noted by Austen (1893), expanding laterad posteriorly ...... O. pumilus especially the difference in wing coloration, might 21. Abdomen clearly constricted at tergite 2 . . . 24 be explained by intraspecific variability. In case these – Abdomen not constricted ...... 22 taxa are not synonymous, the specimens would 22. Tergite 2 at least 1.5 times as long as wide. . belong to O. adspersus because of the more or less ...... O. princeps clearly demarcated dark basal half of their wings. – Tergite 2 wider than long or as long as wide. 23 If the two taxa prove to be synonyms, then the name 23. Male: tergites black. Female: wing on basal is also O. adspersus, because it is senior to signiferus. half continuously dark ...... O. dimidiatus New records. All specimens collected at Colakreek: – Male: tergites with yellow maculae. Female: 9.iii.2006, 1?; 23.iii.2006, 2/; 30.iii.2006, 1?. wing with clearly demarcated median dark ...... O. gastrostactus fascia Ocyptamus anonus (Hull) 24. Abdomen entirely black ...... 28 Fig. 54 – Abdomen with (sometimes small) yellow markings ...... 25 Baccha anona Hull, 1943b: 91. Holotype /: Ecuador: 25. Tergites 3 and 4 with narrow longitudinal “Puyo, Oriente, Ecuador, 1000 m. VII-3 to 15 1938. F.M. & H.H. Brown.”, “Holotype anona” (red label) yellow markings (figs 24-25, 40-41) ...... 27 (AMNH). [examined] – Tergites 3 and 4 with other type of yellow Baccha callida Hine, 1914 of Van Doesburg 1962: 9, 1966: markings ...... 26 70), misidentification. 26. Tergites 3 and 4 with four small yellow spots, grouped to indicate the shape of an upside- down trapezium ...... O. adspersus Notes. The females from Surinam were found to agree – Tergites 3 and 4 each with 2 large, more or with the holotype of Baccha anona. The male from less oval yellow markings ...... O. filii Republiek is similar to the females and is therefore con- 27. Tergites 3 and 4 club-shaped, clearly wider sidered to belong to the same species, although in this than tergite 2 at posterior margin ...... male the abdominal coloration is hard to distinguish, ...... O. wilhelmina as large parts have blackened because it has been wet. – Tergites 3 and 4 parallel-sided, about as wide Van Doesburg (1962, 1966) recorded the female as tergite 2 at posterior margin . . . . . O. cordelia from Republiek as Baccha callida Hine, but accord- 28. Tergite 2 very narrow, much narrower than ing to Hine (1914) there is a dark band on the basal half the width of the scutellum. Hind tarsus half of the posterior tibia in this species, while this with tarsomeres 2 and 3 yellow ...... 29 tibia is entirely yellow in the specimens from Suri- – Tergite 2 less narrow, clearly wider than half nam. Moreover, according to the drawings that Hull the width of the scutellum. Hind tarsus en- (1949) made of the abdomens of the holotypes of tirely black ...... O. shropshirei B. anona and B. callida, the latter species has the 2nd 29. Male: tergite 3 about as wide as high, shaped tergite 1.5 times as long as the 3rd, while in B. anona more or less like an equilateral triangle. Fe- these tergites are equally long. The specimens from male: tergite 3 wider than long; abdomen Surinam agree with B. anona in this character too. short: when wings are folded, their tips reach Previous records. Republiek. beyond the tip of the abdomen ...... O. zeteki New records. Brownsberg, malaise trap, 19.vii– – Male: tergite 3 about 1.5 times as long as 1.viii.2001, leg. N. Grol & N. Marseille, 1/ (RMNH); wide. Female: tergite 3 longer than wide. Colakreek, malaise trap, 30.iii-6.iv.2006, 1/.

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22 23 24 25

26 27

28

29 30

31 32 33

34 35 36

37 38 39

40 41

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Ocyptamus atypicus (Curran) ovipositoria he writes: ‘This specimen answers well Fig. 42 to the description except that its length is merely Baccha atypica Curran, 1930a: 10. Holotype: Brazil 8.5 mm. Hull’s specimen, also a female, came from (AMNH). [examined] Colombia, its length was 12 mm.’ No specimen of Baccha atypica Curran: Van Doesburg 1966: 69. Baccha ovipositoria could be found in the RMNH collection, while the specimen of the related species Notes. The specimens have been compared with B. cordelia measures approximately 8.5 mm. Consid- the holotype of O. atypicus in the AMNH and ering the fact that this specimen was collected on the were found to belong to this species. According to same date and locality, it seems probable that Van Thompson (2010) this taxon is a junior synonym of Doesburg made a mistake. Apparently he had first Syrphus conjunctus Wiedemann, 1830. As no expla- identified the specimen as B. ovipositoria and wrote nation for this synonymy was found in literature, an account on this species in his manuscript. Later, apart from this on-line catalogue reference, the name when he found out that the specimen belongs to conjunctus is not used here. cordelia, he forgot to delete the species account of This species is a good mimic of certain common ovipositoria. Neotropical wasps of the subfamily Polistinae (Vespi- Baccha amabilis Hull, 1943b, described from a male, dae). The specimen from Brownsberg was observed seems so similar that it might be the same species. visiting yellow flowers along a forest path. The type has not been examined, so this matter is Previous records. Mapane area left unresolved here. New records. Brownsberg, 1.iv.2006, 1/. Previous records. Auca on river. New records. SE of Zanderij, 16.iii.2006, 1?; / Ocyptamus cordelia (Hull) Colakreek, 23.iii.2006, 1 . Figs 24, 25 Baccha cordelia Hull, 1949: 186. Holotype: Peru (CNC). Ocyptamus croceus (Austen) [not examined] Figs 50, 51 Baccha cordelia Hull: Van Doesburg 1966: 70. Baccha crocea Austen, 1893: 157. Syntypes: Brazil: Amazon Baccha ovipositoria Hull, 1943b of Van Doesburg 1966: (BMNH). [examined] 77, misidentification. Baccha crocea Austen: Van Doesburg 1962: 9, 1966: 70. Baccha prudens Curran, 1934 of Van Doesburg 1966: 78, misidentification. Notes. The female from Auca agrees very well with the detailed description of Baccha cordelia by Hull (1949), as had already been noted by Van Does- Notes. Thompson (1981) gives a key to separate this burg (1966), who even used the word ‘exactly’. The species from related ones. An additional useful char- female from Colakreek seems to be a teneral speci- acter of O. croceus is the entirely shining frons, while men, as the legs and scutellum are extensively yel- in O. lepidus and O. luctuosus this is partly pollinose. lowish. The male is similar in most characters, except Three aberrant specimens (see var. A and B in list that the abdomen is shorter and the dark basal half of records below) may belong to two different spe- of the wings is less sharply separated from the paler cies, but this matter is left unresolved here, because distal half. either is represented by only one specimen. Variety Van Doesburg (1966) also recorded a female of Bac- A differs from the typical O. croceus by the presence cha ovipositoria from the same date and locality as of a yellow spot on the mesoscutum in front of the the female of Baccha cordelia. About this female of scutellum. Variety B is more slender than the typical

Figs 22–41. Dorsal habitus of Ocyptamus species. – 22, O. adspersus male, Colakreek 9.iii.2006; 23, O. adspersus female, Colakreek 23.iii.2006; 24, O. cordelia male, Zanderij road to Kraka 16.iii2006; 25, O. cordelia female, Co- lakreek 23.iii.2006; 26, O. gastrostactus male, Paramaribo 1958; 27, O. gastrostactus female, Paramaribo 11.i.1958; 28, O. princeps male, Emma Mountains 2 .vii.1959; 29, O. dimidiatus male, Paramaribo 10.ix.1958; 30, O. di- midiatus female, 12.ix.1958; 31, O. johnsoni male, Paramaribo Cultuurtuin 23.i.2006; 32, O. johnsoni female, Mopentibo 27.iii.2006; 33, O. SUR-21b male, Litani 15.vii.1939; 34, O. zeteki male, Mariënburg 19.vi.1961; 35, O. zeteki female, Geijersvlijt 21.iv.1960; 36, O. shropshirei female, Sipaliwini 13.vi.1963; 37, O. silaceus male, Wilhelmina Mountains 17.viii.1963; 38, O. flavipennis male, Estate Morgenstond 4.vii.1961; 39, O. flavipennis female, Peperpot 7.iii.2006; 40, O. wilhelmina male, Paramaribo 19.i.1958; 41, O. wilhelmina female, Paramaribo 19.i.1958. Scale bar: 10 mm.

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O. croceus, has more extensive pollinosity laterally on cha cultrata (Austen), were found to fall within the the frons and the basolateral corners of tegite 2 are variability of B. cultrata. Therefore, B. cultrina and black (as in O. lepidus, but that species is much less B. satyra are here considered to be junior synonyms slender). of Ocyptamus cultratus. Several specimens were observed flying through Previous records. Republiek. shrubs along forest paths. New records. Voltz Mountain, 13–15.vii.1963, leg. Previous records. Republiek. P.H. van Doesburg Jr., 1/ (RMNH); Peperpot. New records. Typical specimens: Mapane area, 2.ii.2006, 1/; Brownsberg, 5.iii.2006, 1? 1/; 28.v.1963, leg. P.H. van Doesburg, 1?; Sipali- Colakreek, 23.iii.2006, 2/; Brownsberg, 3.iv.2006, wini, 8.vi.1963, leg. P.H. van Doesburg Jr., 1?; 2/; Nassau Mountains, 23.iv.2006, 1/. Brownsberg, 13–27.ix.2001, leg. A. Gangadin, / ? / 1 ; Brownsberg, 4.iii.2006, 2 , 4 ; Brownsberg, Ocyptamus dimidiatus (Fabricius) 4.iii–1.iv.2006, 1/; Brownsberg, 3.iv.2006, 1/; Figs 29, 30, 101 Nassau Mts., 22–25.iv.2006, 1?; Colakreek, 15– 28.iv.2006, 1/; Colakreek, 28.iv.2006, 1?; Nassau Syrphus dimidiatus Fabricius, 1781: 434. Type locality: Mts., 23.iv.2006, 3/; Nassau Mts., 24.iv.2006, 1/; South America (YEATS; see Thompson 1981 for ex- 14–20.ii.2008, leg. A. Gangadin & K.-D.B. Dijk- planation). [not examined] / Baccha dimidiata (Fabricius): Van Doesburg 1962: 9, stra, 1 (RMNH). 1966: 71. Variety A: Peperpot, 24.ii-7.iii.2006, 1/. Variety B: Brownsberg, 2.iv.2006, 1/. Notes. Thompson (1981) describes the differences O. dimidiatus O. anthiphates Ocyptamus cultratus (Austen) between and the similar (Walker, 1849), based on the extent of yellow col- Figs 46, 47 oration on various bodyparts. Although some of Baccha cultrata Austen, 1893: 151. Holotype /: Brazil the specimens from Surinam show the characters of (BMNH). [examined] O. antiphates as described by Thompson, many ? Baccha cultrina Curran, 1939: 7. Holotype : Panama intermediate colour forms occur. Because of this, all (AMNH). Syn. n. [examined] Baccha satyra Hull, 1943b: 77. Holotype ?: Ecuador Surinamese specimens are here considered to belong (AMNH). Syn. n. [examined] to one species, treated under the name O. dimidia- Baccha cultrata var. pictula Hull, 1949: 737. Holotype ?: tus. Whether these two taxa truly are different species Guyana [BMNH]. [examined] seems doubtful when only the Surinam specimens Baccha cultrata Austen: Van Doesburg 1962: 9, 1966: 70. are considered, but this matter is beyond the scope Baccha pictula Hull: Van Doesburg 1962: 10, 1966: 77. of the present paper. This species is common in Surinam in various open Notes. This species is very variable in coloration and or shrubby habitats. On several mornings, males width of the abdomen. The specimens from Browns- were seen hovering in small groups at 2 to 6 meters berg (alt. 500 m) are much darker than the speci- above sunny paths through secondary vegetation of mens from areas around sea level; the median black shrubs and tall herbs. stripe on the front is wider, the wings are darker, the The larvae have been recorded as natural enemies hind tibiae and femora are partly dark, the thorax has of the ‘tobacco ’ Myzus nicotianae Black- dark parts ventrally and the yellow coloration of the man, 1987 by Marques et al. (2003). In Surinam tergites is less extensive. However, these characters (Peperpot, 25.i.2006) a female of O. dimidiatus was are variable and intermediates occur, while there are observed ovipositing in aphid colonies on an uni- no morphological differences. dentified species of Asteraceae (see also account of The specimens from Surinam agree well with the O. johnsoni). The were heavily guarded by holotype of Baccha cultrata, as well as with the ants, so the female had to wait - while hov- description and colour plates in Austen (1893). ering - for some rare opportunities to lay her eggs. Van Doesburg (1966) already suspected that Bac- On the same day and on the same plant a of O. cha cultrata and B. pictula are synonyms, which has dimidiatus (fig. 101), ignored by the ants, was found later been confirmed by Thompson et al. (1976). among the aphids. An adult female emerged after a Several closely similar taxa have been described. pupal stage of seven days. The holotypes of two of these, Baccha cultrina and Previous records. Ma Retraite, Paramaribo, Repub- B. satyra, have been examined. Their characters, liek. including those mentioned by Curran (1939) and New records. Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, 29.xii.2005, Hull (1949) for distinguishing them from Bac- 1/; Meerzorg-Tamanredjo, 6.i.2006, 1? 1/; Para-

Downloaded from Brill.com10/04/2021 02:27:03PM via free access Reemer: Second survey of Surinam Syrphidae 179 maribo Cultuurtuin, 9.i.2006, 1? 2/; Republiek, Notes. On 11.iii.2006, in Babunsanti, several females 10.i.2006, 1/; Vier Kinderen, 10.i.2006, 1/; of O. gastrostactus were observed ovipositing near 5 km SE Meerzorg, 13.i.2006, 4? 2/; Paramar- aphid colonies on stems and leaves of Phragmites aus- ibo Cultuurtuin, 23.i.2006, 1?; Paramaribo Zoo, tralis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Among the aphids some 19–24.i.2006, 1? 3/; Peperpot, 25.i.2006, 1/ syrphid larvae were found (fig. 102), out of which reared out of larva (see notes); Paramaribo Leiding, two females of O. gastrostactus have been reared. 28.i–6.ii.2006, 1/; Paramaribo Zoo, 31.i–7.ii.2006, Development from pupa to adult lasted eight days. 1? 1/; Peperpot, 2.ii.2006, 1/; Peperpot, 9– The larvae have been recorded as natural enemies 17.ii.2006, 1/; near Meerzorg, 8.ii.2006, 1?; of the ‘tobacco aphid’ Myzus nicotianae Blackman, Raleigh Falls, Fungu Island, 15.ii.2006, 1?; Meer- 1987 by Marques et al. (2003). Van Doesburg (1962) zorg-Tamanredjo, 22.ii.2006, 1?; Colakreek, noted that two specimens (with their empty puparia) 1.iii.2006, 1?; Bakhuis Mts., air strip, 3– from Surinam carry a label stating ‘Predator of Tox- 13.iii.2006, leg. B. De Dijn & A. Gangadin, 1/ optera’ (a genus of Homoptera, Aphididae). These (RMNH); Brownsberg, 1.iv.2006, 1/; Awarradam, specimens are in the RMNH collection. Apparently 13.iv.2006, 1?; Peperpot, 20.iv.2006, 1/; Nassau the larva of O. gastrostactus is a generalized predator Mts., 23.iv.2006, 1/; Nassau Mts., 24.iv.2006, of aphids. 1/. Previous records. Paramaribo. New records. 10 km W of Jenny, 8.i.2006, 1/; Para- / Ocyptamus filii (Van Doesburg) maribo Cultuurtuin, 9.i.2006, 1 ; 5 km SE Meer- zorg, 13.i.2006, 4/; Peperpot, 24.ii.2006, 1/; Figs 62, 63 Babunsanti, 11.iii.2006, 4/ (two of which reared Baccha filii Van Doesburg, 1966: 73. Holotype ?: Suri- from larvae, see notes). nam: Paramaribo (RMNH). [examined] Ocyptamus geijskesi (Van Doesburg) Notes. No specimens were found since the descrip- Fig. 45 tion by Van Doesburg (1966). Previous records. Paramaribo. Baccha geijskesi Van Doesburg, 1966: 75. Holotype ?: Surinam: Paramaribo (RMNH). [examined] Ocyptamus flavipennis (Wiedemann) Notes. Apart from the holotype, no specimens are Figs 38, 39 known of this species. Syrphus flavipennis Wiedemann, 1830: 123. Type locality: Previous records. Paramaribo. Brazil (ZMB). [not examined] Baccha flavipennis (Wiedemann): Van Doesburg 1962: 9, 1966: 74. Ocyptamus (Calostigma) hyalipennis Curran Fig. 66 Notes. Identification of the Surinam specimens is Callostigma hyalipennis Curran, 1930a: 15. Holotype /: based on the description of Wiedemann (1830) and Honduras (AMNH). [examined] the keys of Curran (1934, 1941) and Hull (1949). Calostigma hyalipennis (Curran): Van Doesburg 1966: 78. In flight, specimens of this species leave their black pilose hind legs dangling, as Trigona-like stingless Notes. Only the thorax is left of the specimen recorded bees do. Their yellowish green, caleidoscopic eyes by Van Doesburg (1966), which makes it impossible also contribute to this effect of mimicry. to verify the identification. The female from 2006 Previous records. Estate Morgenstond, Matta has been compared with the holotype (AMNH) and Savanne, Republiek. was found to belong to the same species. New records. Peperpot, 7.iii.2006, 1/. Previous records. Mapane area. New records. Peperpot, 24.ii-7.iii.2006, 1/. Ocyptamus gastrostactus (Wiedemann) Figs 26, 27, 102 Ocyptamus icarus sp. n. Syrphus gastrostactus Wiedemann, 1830: 123. Type locality: Figs 43, 44, 103–105 Brazil (NMW & AMNH). [not examined] Type material. Holotype ?: Brownsberg, 3.iv.2006, Baccha gastrostacta Wiedemann: Van Doesburg 1962: 10, leg. M. Reemer (RMNH). 1966: 75. Paratype. Same data as holotype, 1/ (RMNH).

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42

43 44

45

46 47

48 49

50 51 52 53 54 55

56 57 58 59 60

61 62 63 64

65 66 67

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Diagnosis developed arciform crest; microtrichose. Metaster- The following combination of characters distin- num intermediately developed; yellow; bare. guishes this species from all other known species of Legs yellow; yellow pilose, except mid femur pos- Ocyptamus: abdomen elongate and parallel-sided, teriorly and hind femur on postero-apical ½ black scutellum yellow with median black spot, postalar pilose. Coxae and trochanters yellow; yellow pilose, callus yellow on anterior ⅔ and black on posterior except hind coxa with some black pile intermixed. ⅓, mesonotum black with widely yellow lateral mar- Wing greyish brown on basal half, darkest anteriorly, gins and two well-defined submedian vittae of whit- gradually getting more hyaline towards apex and ish yellow pollinosity, alula wider than 1st costal cell, posterior margin; entirely microtrichose. Calypter wing entirely microtrichose. and halter yellow. Abdomen. Tergites with pattern of yellow and black- Description of adult male (based on holotype) ish brown fasciae. Tergite 1 yellow, except blackish Body length 14 mm. medially; yellow pilose anterolaterally, black pilose Head. Yellow. Face in frontal view about ¼ of total otherwise. Tergites 2–4 each with pattern of fasciae: head width; yellow pilose; with facial tubercle about yellow - black - yellow - black - yellow, with median halfway between antennal fossa and anterior oral yellow fascia widest (this median fascia interrupted margin. Frons black pilose; with vaguely defined by median black vitta on tergite 4); entirely short brown spot at lunule. Vertex black; with a single black pilose. Tergite 5 yellow, with median dark vitta; median row of black pile. Ocellar triangle not ele- black pilose. Sternites yellow. Sternite 1 long yellow vated; with frontal angle approximately 30°. Occiput pilose, other sternites short black pilose. Genitalia as narrow; yellow pilose; yellow pollinose. Antenna: in Fig. 105. yellow, except basoflagellomere brown basodorsally; scape and pedicel black pilose; basoflagellomere bare; Female arista brown, bare. Body length 12 mm. As male, except for usual sexual Thorax. Mesonotum black, except for widely yellow dimorphism. lateral margins; with two well-defined submedian vittae of whitish yellow pollinosity from anterior Etymology margin almost to posterior margin; short black pilose The specific epithet icarus was chosen because of medially, short yellow pilose laterally. Postpronotum the high-flying hovering behaviour of the male. The yellow; bare. Postalar callus: anterior ⅔ yellow and name should be treated as a noun in apposition. yellow pilose, posterior ⅓ black and bare. Scutellum yellow with large apicomedian black spot and ante- Notes rolateral corners blackish; short black pilose. Ane- This species is unidentifiable with keys and figures pisternum: anterior part brown, yellow pilose; poste- provided by Hull (1949) and neither does it belong rior part yellow, sparsely yellow pilose along anterior to any of the species described from the Neotropi- and posterior margin. Anepimeron yellow; yellow cal region after that publication. No similar speci- pilose. Katepisternum yellow, somewhat brownish mens were found in the collections of AMNH and ventrally; with dorsal and ventral patches of yellow USNM. These are the reasons to believe that the spe- pile. Katepimeron and meron yellowish brown; bare. cies has not been described previously. Katatergum and anatergum blackish brown; short Prior to capture, the male was observed hovering microtrichose. Metanotum black, with strongly for approximately 30 minutes above a path through

Figs 42–67. Dorsal habitus of Ocyptamus species. – 42, O. atypicus female, Mapane Area 30.v.1963; 43, O. icarus male, (holotype) Brownsberg 3.iv.2006; 44, O. icarus female, (paratype) Brownsberg 3.iv.2006; 45, O. geijskesi male, (holotype) Paramaribo Cultuurtuin 9.vi.1950; 46, O. cultratus male, Republiek 6.xii.1959; 47, O. cultratus female, Voltz Mountain 13–15.vii.1963; 48, O. luctuosus male, Grandam 12.iv.2006; 49, O. luctuosus female, Raleigh Falls 20.ix.1996; 50, O. croceus male, Brownsberg 4.iii.2006; 51, O. croceus female, Brownsberg 4.iii.2006; 52, O. lepidus male, Brownsberg 2.iv.2006; 53, O. lepidus female, Brownsberg 5.iii.2006; 54, O. anonus male, Colakreek 30.iii- 6.iv.2006; 55, O. prudens female, Nassau Mountains 23.iv.2006; 56, O. pumilus male, Voltz Mountain 13–15. vii.1963; 57, O. pumilus female, Republiek 17.vii.1960; 58, O. SUR-10 female, Colakreek 6–15.iv.2006; 59, O. SUR- 04 female, Brownsberg 28.ix-12.x.2001; 60, O. SUR-05 female, Republiek 6.xii.1959; 61, O. norinus male, Albina 26.vi.1963; 62, O. filii male, (holotype) Paramaribo 7.v.1959; 63, O. filii female, (paratype) Paramaribo 6.ii.1960; 64, O. SUR-01 male, Brownsberg 5.iii.2006; 65, O. obliquus female, Mapane Area 18.v.1963; 66, O. hyalipennis female, Peperpot 24.ii-7.iii.2006; 67, O. SUR-06b female, Brownsberg 4.iii-1.iv.2006. Scale bar: 10 mm.

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primary forest at a height of 5–6 m, occasionaly Seven males and nine females at Brownsberg on descending a few meters to rest on leaves. The female 5.iii.2006 were observed swarming around a flow- was observed flying through vegetation along a for- ering Piper sp. (Piperaceae) and visiting the flowers est path. of it, together with specimens of Ocyptamus SUR-01 and O. cultratus. Previous records. Ocyptamus johnsoni (Curran) Republiek. New records. Brownsberg, 5.iii.2006, 7? 9/; Figs 31, 32 Brownsberg, 2.iv.2006, 1?; Awarradam, 11.iv.2006, Baccha johnsoni Curran, 1934: 392. Holotype: Guyana 3/; Awarradam, 11.iv.2006, 3/. (MCZ). [not examined] Baccha johnsoni Curran: Van Doesburg 1962: 10, 1966: 77. Ocyptamus luctuosus (Bigot) Figs 48, 49 Notes. The specimens (males as well as females) from Baccha luctuosa Bigot, 1883: 334. Holotype ?: Mexico Surinam agree well with the description of Curran (BMNH) [examined]. (1934) and the redescription by Hull (1949). Baccha ochreolinea Hull, 1944: 31. Holotype: Panama (MCZ). [not examined]. Synonymised by Rotheray In Paramaribo, on 23.i.2006, six males were observed et al. 2000. hovering above a shady forest path, at heights of 2.5 Baccha ochreolinea Hull: Van Doesburg 1966: 77. to 6 m. On 25.i.2006 in Peperpot, a female was observed ovipositing on an aphid-infested plant (an unidentified Asteraceae). This suggests that the lar- Notes. Specimens from Surinam have been compared vae are aphidophagous. A female of O. dimidiatus with the holotype, with which they agree very well. was ovipositing on the same plant, and a larva of that It is a highly variable species, described under many species was found (see there). Van Doesburg (1962) names, which have been synonymized by Rotheray recorded a female ‘upon Mimosa’. et al. (2000). A key to this species (under the name Previous records. Paramaribo, Cultuurtuin. The ricus Hull) and related ones is given by Thompson male recorded from Litani by Van Doesburg (1962) (1981). That key does not include Ocyptamus cultra- belongs to another species, which is here treated tus (Austen, 1893), to which it is also very similar. under Ocyptamus SUR-21b. The following character has been used to distin- New records. Near Tabiti River, Bruynzeel / Kabo, guish these taxa: in O. cultratus the yellow fascia on 30.iii.1989, leg. M.T. Wasscher, 1? (RMNH); Par- tergite 3 is entire, while in O. luctuosus is it medially amaribo Cultuurtuin, 29.xii.2005, 1/; Paramaribo interrupted by a black vitta. Besides, specimens of Cultuurtuin, 23.i.2006, 6?; Peperpot, 25.i.2006, O. cultratus (10–13 mm) tend to be much larger 2/; Paramaribo Zoo, 31.i–7.ii.2006, 2/; Meerzorg, than specimens of O. luctuosus (7–11 mm), but there 8.ii.2006, 2/; Paramaribo Zoo, 7–18.ii.2006, 2/; is overlap. Paramaribo Zoo, 8–27.ii.2006, 1/; Mopentibo, The male from Grandam was observed hovering 8.iii.2006, 2/; Mopentibo, 27.iii.2006, 2/. under trees at a height of approximately 3 m. The larvae are known to live as generalized aquatic preda- Ocyptamus lepidus (Macquart) tors in bromeliads (Rotheray et al. 2000). Previous records. Ganzi, Republiek. Figs 52, 53 New records. Raleigh Falls, malaise trap, 20.ix.1996, Baccha lepida Macquart, 1842: 169. Type locality: un- leg. L.W. Quake, 1/ (RMNH); Brownsberg, known (MNHN). [not examined] 4.iii.2006, 2/; Grandam, along Gran Rio river, Baccha crocata Austen, 1893: 157. Syntypes: Brazil, Ama- 12.iv.2006, 1?; Brownsberg, malaise trap, 14– zon (BMNH). [examined]. Synonymised by Thomp- son 1981. 20.ii.2008, leg. A. Gangadin & K.-D.B. Dijkstra, Baccha crocata Austen, 1893: Van Doesburg 1962: 9, 1966: 1/ (RMNH). 70. Ocyptamus norinus (Curran) Notes. According to Thompson (1981) and Rotheray Fig. 61 et al. (2000) the name Baccha lepida has not been used correctly by Curran (1930a, 1941) and Hull Baccha norina Curran, 1941: 267. Holotype ?: Brazil (1949). The species is closely similar to O. luctuo- (AMNH). [examined] sus, from which it can be separated using the key of Baccha norina Curran: Van Doesburg 1962: 10, 1966: 77. Baccha lineata Macquart, 1846 of Van Doesburg 1966: 77, Thompson (1981). The fine drawing of Baccha cro- misidentification. cata by Austen (1893) is also very useful.

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Notes. The specimens recorded as Baccha lineata and in preparation). This neotype was compared with B. norina by Van Doesburg (1962, 1966) belong to the specimen from Surinam, the type of B. princep- the same species. The specimen recorded as B. norina sand the type of Baccha prunella Hull, 1943. Bac- is darker in coloration, but this seems to be a mat- cha funebris is the same as B. prunella (syn. n.). The ter of infraspecific variation. All specimens agree following differences between the types of B. fune- with the holotype of Baccha norina. According to bris and B. princeps were noted: wing apexes clear F.C. Thompson (pers. comm.), Ocyptamus linea- in funebris, entirely infuscated in princeps; scutel- tus is a Nearctic species with clear differences from lum entirely yellow in funebris, basomedially dark O. norinus. in princeps. Previous records. Albina (as Baccha lineata in Van Previous records. Emma Mountains (Hendriktop). Doesburg 1966), Estate Morgenstond (‘Paramaribo’ on the specimen label). Ocyptamus prudens (Curran) New records. 117 S. of Avanavero airstrip along road Fig. 55 to Amotopo airstrip, 03°50’N-58°20’W, malaise trap, 20–24.xi.1981, leg. H. Huijbregts, 1/ (RMNH). Baccha prudens Curran, 1934: 394. Holotype /: Guyana: Kartabo (AMNH). [examined] Not Baccha prudens Curran of Van Doesburg 1966: 78, Ocyptamus (Calostigma) obliquus (Curran) misidentification. Fig. 65 Callostigma obliqua Curran, 1941: 258. Holotype /: Pan- Notes. The female specimen from the Nassau Moun- ama (AMNH). [examined] tains agrees very well with the holotype of Baccha Calostigma obliqua (Curran): Van Doesburg, 1966: 78. prudens, with which it has been compared. The male specimen from Sipaliwini recorded as Bac- Notes. The specimen from Surinam was compared cha prudens by Van Doesburg (1966) does not agree with the holotype. with the holotype of B. prudens. In the type, the alula Previous records. Mapane area. is 4 to 5 times as long as wide, while in the Sipaliwini specimen the alula is narrower. Although this speci- Ocyptamus princeps (Hull) men is extensively yellowish in coloration, it agrees very well with other specimens of Ocyptamus croceus Fig. 28 from Surinam, so it is here considered to belong to Baccha princeps Hull, 1944: 56. Holotype ?: Ecuador that species. (AMNH). [examined] New records. Nassau Mountains, 23.iv.2006, 1/. Baccha princeps Hull: Van Doesburg (1966: 77). Baccha funebris (Macquart, 1834) of Van Doesburg 1966: 74, misidentification. Ocyptamus pumilus (Austen) Figs 56, 57 Notes. Van Doesburg (1966) records a male of Baccha pumila Austen, 1893: 148. Syntypes: Brazil O. princeps from ‘Emma Mountains, Hendriktop, (BMNH). [examined] 1000m, 2.7.1959 (leg. A. van Aerde)’. He also Baccha pumila Austen: Van Doesburg 1962: 11, 1966: 78. records a male of the similar species O. funebris from exactly the same date, locality and collector. Van Notes. Surinam specimens were compared with the Doesburg (1962, 1966) has not recorded any other type series in the BMNH-collection and found to be syrphids from this locality, nor any syrphids col- the same species. See also the colour plate of Baccha lected by the same person. The specimen identified pumila in Austen (1893). as O. princeps could be found in the RMNH collec- Previous records. Republiek, Sipaliwini, Voltz Moun- tion, but the specimen of O. funebris could not. It tain. seems likely that Van Doesburg’s records of O. fune- bris O. princeps and refer to the same specimen, and Ocyptamus shropshirei (Curran) that somehow an error occurred in the preparation Fig. 36 of his paper. The specimen from Surinam has been compared Baccha shropshirei Curran, 1930a: 7. Holotype /: Panama with the holotype of Baccha princeps. The types of (AMNH). [examined] Baccha funebris are lost according to Thompson et Baccha shropshirei Curran: Van Doesburg 1966: 78. Baccha braziliensis Curran, 1939 of Van Doesburg 1966: al. (1976). In the USNM-collection there is a speci- 70, misidentification. men labelled as neotype by Thompson (designation

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68 70

69 71

72 74

73 75

76 78

77 79

80 81 82 Figs 68–82. Dorsal habitus of Toxomerus species. – 68, T. dispar male, Paramaribo 6.ii.1960; 69, T. dispar female, Paramaribo Anton de Kom Universiteit 31.i.2006; 70, T. floralis male, Kajana 13.iv.2006; 71, T. floralis female, Nassau Mountains 23.iv.2006; 72, T. lacrymosus male, Paramaribo Anton de Kom Universiteit 31.i.2006; 73, T. lacry- mosus female, Meerzorg-Tamanredjo 22.ii.2006; 74, T. musicus male, Awarradam 11.iv.2006; 75, T. musicus female, Kajana 13.iv.2006; 76, T. pictus male, Paramaribo Cultuurtuin 9.i.2006; 77, T. pictus female, Nassau Mountains 23.iv.2006; 78, T. virgulatus male, Brownsberg 4.iii.2006; 79, T. virgulatus female, Paramaribo Zoo 31.i–7.ii.2006; 80, Toxomerus apegiensis male, Brownsberg 4.iii.2006; 81, T. apegiensis female, Brownsberg 5.iii.2006; 82, T. sed- mani male, Nassau Mountains 24.iv.2006. Scale bar: 10 mm.

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83 84

85 86 87

88 89 90

91 92

93

94 96

95 Figs 83–96. Dorsal habitus of Toxomerus species. – 83, T. papaveroi male, Carolinakreek 18.xi.1962; 84, T, pa- paveroi female, Brownsberg 5.ii.2006; 85, T. productus male, Gakaba 18.iii.2006; 86, T. productus female, Kabel 22.x.1958; 87, T. steatogaster female, Paramaribo 20.v.1962; 88, T. watsoni male, Albina 10.iii.2006; 89, T. watso- ni female, Nassau Mountains 23.iv.2006; 90, T. difficilis female, Paramaribo 28.vii.1963; 91, T. pulchellus male, Paramaribo Cultuurtuin 30.xii.2005; 92, T. pulchellus female, Paramaribo Cultuurtuin 30.xii.2005; 93, T. politus female, Nassau Mountains 23.iv.2006; 94, T. costalis male, Nassau Mountains 24.iv.2006; 95, T. costalis female, Nassau Mountains 23.iv.2006; 96, T. funestus female, Sipaliwini 8.vi.1963. Scale bar: 10 mm.

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Notes. The two female specimens from Sipaliwini Previous records. Paramaribo. (13.vi.1963) were compared with the holotype of New records. Peperpot, 14.iii.2006, 1/; Peperpot, B. shropshirei in the AMNH-collection (also a female) 21.iii.2006, 3/. and were found to be very similar and are thus considered to belong to the same species. The two Ocyptamus zeteki (Curran) females from Mapane area were previously recorded Figs 34, 35 as Baccha braziliensis by Van Doesburg. These speci- mens were compared with the holotype of B. bra- Baccha zeteki Curran, 1930a: 8. Holotype ?: Panama ziliensis (coll. AMNH), to which they are similar in (AMNH). [examined]. size and the distribution of shining and dull parts Baccha zeteki Curran: Van Doesburg 1962: 11, 1966: 78. on the tergites. However, the following differences were noted (in parentheses the character state in the Notes. The specimens from Surinam were compared Mapane specimens): wing with bare areas on cells with the male holotype and female allotype of Bac- R, BM and CuP (entirely microtrichose), wing with cha zeteki and found to belong to the same species. vague yellowish anteromedial blotch (infuscated Previous records. Charlesburg, Estate Morgenstond, on basal half), pterostigma clearly darker than 2nd Geijsersvlijt, Ma Retraite, Mariënburg, Paramaribo. costal cell (pterostigma and 2nd costal cell of same New records. Meerzorg, 13.i.2006, 1/; Paramaribo yellowish brown colour). Based on these differences Zoo, 31.i–7.ii.2006, 1/; Meerzorg-Tamanredjo, the specimens from Surinam are not considered to 22.ii.2006, 2/; Mopentibo, 27.iii.2006, 1?; belong to B. braziliensis. Instead, they are identified Mopentibo, 19.iv.2006, 1? 1/. as O. shropshirei, with which they agree quite well. They differ from the Sipaliwini specimens only in Ocyptamus SUR-01 the less conspicupous infuscation of the basal half of Fig. 64 the wing, and in their slightly larger size. Previous records. Sipaliwini, Mapane area (as Baccha braziliensis Curran, 1939 by Van Doesburg 1966). Notes. These slender specimens do not belong to any of the species recorded by Van Doesburg (1962, Ocyptamus silaceus (Austen) 1966), nor do they belong to any of the species of which the types are kept in the collections of AMNH Fig. 37 and USNM. The specimens resemble several of the Baccha silacea Austen, 1893: 149. Holotype /: Brazil: types in the AMNH collection: Baccha mentor Cur- Amazon (BMNH). [examined] ran, 1930, B. minima Hull, 1943b, B. pyxia Hull, Baccha diffusa Curran, 1939 of Van Doesburg 1966: 71, 1943b, B. sativa Curran, 1941, B. zenillia Curran, misidentification. 1941, B. zinnia Curran, 1941, B. zoroaster Hull, 1943b. Examination of all these types revealed Notes. Van Doesburg (1966) recorded this species hardly any differences between the taxa, except for from Surinam as Baccha diffusa, based on eight male some variation in size and coloration. However, in specimens. One of these males was compared with all of these taxa the alula is totally absent, whereas in the female holotype of Baccha diffusa in the AMNH- Ocyptamus SUR-01 a narrow alula is present. There- collection. They are similar, but the abdomen is fore it seems that Ocyptamus SUR-01 constitutes a wider in the male from Surinam, while in Syrphi- different, probably undescribed species. dae males are generally more slender than females. The three specimens from Surinam were captured See also notes in Van Doesburg (1966). A Surinam while they were visiting flowers of a tree belonging male was also compared with the holotype of Baccha to the Piperaceae, together with several specimens of silacea Austen, which it was found to resemble more Ocyptamus cultratus and O. lepidus. than the holotype of B. diffusa. See also colour plate New records. Brownsberg, 5.iii.2006, 3?. of Baccha silacea in Austen (1893). Previous records. Mapane area, Republiek, Wil- Ocyptamus SUR-04 helmina Mountains. Fig. 59

Ocyptamus wilhelmina (Van Doesburg) Notes. In body shape, coloration and the absence Figs 40, 41 of the alula this species resembles several species Baccha wilhelmina Van Doesburg, 1962: 26. Holotype ?: of which the types are kept in the AMNH collec- Surinam: Paramaribo (RMNH). [examined] tion: Baccha mentor Curran, 1930, B. minima Hull,

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Ocyptamus SUR-10 1943b, B. pyxia Hull, 1943b, B. sativa Curran, 1941, Fig. 58 B. zenillia Curran, 1941, B. zinnia Curran, 1941, B. zoroaster Hull, 1943b. Ocyptamus SUR-04 dif- Baccha fervida Austen, 1893 of Van Doesburg 1962: 9, fers from all of these taxa by the absence of a black 1966: 71, misidentification. spot on the lunula, the absence of a black vitta on the frons and a black plumule (instead of yellow). Notes. This species was recorded as Baccha fervida Although the taxa mentioned above are so similar by Van Doesburg (1962, 1966), but the specimens that they might well prove to be synonyms, Ocyp- from Surinam are not very similar to the holotype tamus SUR-04 is something different. Whether it of that species, as was noticed by direct compari- belongs to a described or undescribed species cannot son in the BMNH. In the holotype the abdomen yet be decided. is gradually widening from tergite 1 hindward, New records. Brownsberg, 28.ix–12.x.2001, leg. A. while it is clearly constricted in the Colakreek Gangadin & J. Ramdas, 1/ (RMNH); Rosebel female. Moreover, the black vittae on the mes- Goldmines, 29.vi.2007, leg. K.-D.B. Dijkstra, 1/ oscutum of the Colakreek female are absent in (RMNH). the holotype of O. fervidus. These differences may be caused by sexual dimorphism, but most likely Ocyptamus SUR-05 these Surinam specimens do not belong to O. fervi- dus. Fig. 60 In habitus the specimens from Surinam are more similar to the (female) holotype of O. flavens Notes. A specimen from Republiek had been identi- (Austen, 1893), to which the female from Colakreek fied as Baccha prudens by Van Doesburg, but he did has been directly compared in the BMNH collec- not mention it in his publications (he did record tion (see also drawings in Austen 1893). However, B. prudens from Surinam based on other specimens, in the female from Colakreek the alula is much which are here considered to belong to Ocyptamus wider (more than twice as wide as 1st costal cell) croceus). Comparison with the holotype of B. pru- than in the holotype, and there are black vittae on dens Curran in the AMNH-collection revealed that the mesonotum, which lack in the type of O. flavens. it belongs to a different species. The alula is 4– This matter is left unresolved until an extensive revi- 5 times as long as wide in the type of B. prudens, sion of the genus. while in the specimens from Surinam it is about Previous records. Republiek. 8 times as long as wide. Besides, in O. prudens the New records. Colakreek, 6–15.iv.2006, 1/. mesonotum is black with two whitish vittae of pol- linosity, while in O. SUR-05 the mesonomtum is Ocyptamus SUR-21b entirely reddish yellow. Whether O. SUR-05 is an Fig. 33 undescribed species or not remains to be resolved. New records. Republiek, 6.xii.1959, leg. P.H. van Baccha johnsoni Curran of Van Doesburg 1962: 10, 1966: Doesburg Jr., 1/ (RMNH); Colakreek, 9.iii.2006, 77, misidentification (in part). 1/. Notes. This male specimen was recorded as Ocyptamus (Calostigma) SUR-06b O. johnsoni by Van Doesburg (1962). However, it differs from the Surinam specimens of O. johnsoni Figs 67, 106 in the following characters (character state in male O. johnsoni in parentheses): body length 12.5 mm Notes. In the key to Calostigma-species (Curran (9–10 mm), postpronotum yellow (black), postalar 1941) this specimen runs to C. annulata Curran, callus yellow (black), scutellum yellow (black), wing 1941. with sharply demarcated dark basal half (diffusely However, the specimen differs from the holotype of infuscated, although in females with dark parts that species (AMNH) by the basally strongly nar- sharply demarcated). Because of these differences, rowed wings and the very narrow alula (fig. 67, 106). this specimens is considered to belong to a different Probably this specimen belongs to an undescribed species. Whether it is an undescribed species or not species. Because the specimen is in bad shape, it is remains to be resolved. preferable to wait with describing it until more speci- New records. Litani, near Loë-kreek, in bush, mens are available. 15.vii.1939, leg. D.C. Geijskes, 1? (RMNH). New records. Brownsberg, 4.iii-1.iv.2006, 1/.

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97

Fig. 100. Leucopodella guianica, holotype male, genita- lia lateral view.

Paragus Latreille, 1804

Although predominantly an Old World genus, eight species of Paragus are known from the Nearc- 98 tic Region. One of these species is also known from Central America (Vockeroth 1986).

Paragus cf. haemorrhous Meigen Fig. 19 Paragus haemorrhous Meigen, 1822: 182. Syntypes: Austria & France (MNHN). [not examined]

Notes. Only a single female is known fom Surinam that belongs to the subgenus Pandasyophthalmus Stuckenberg, 1954. Females belonging to this sub- genus can presently not be identified to species. However, as P. haemorrhous is the only species of this subgenus known to occur in the New World, this is the most likely candidate. It is a surprising find, for the species has previously not been recorded further 99 south than Costa Rica (Vockeroth 1986). New records. Paramaribo, 20.vii.1963, leg. P.H. van Figs 97–99. Leucopodella guianica. – 97, holotype male, Doesburg Jr., 1/ (RMNH). habitus lateral view; 98, holotype male, head frontal view; 99, paratype female, head frontal view.

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Fig. 101. Ocyptamus dimidiatus, larva. Fig. 102. Ocyptamus gastrostactus, larva.

103 104 Figs 103–104. Ocyptamus icarus, holotype male. – 103, habitus lateral view; 104, wing.

Fig. 105. Ocyptamus icarus, holotype male, genitalia Fig. 106. Ocyptamus SUR-06b, wing. lateral view.

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Salpingogaster Schiner, 1868 New records. Brownsberg, 14–20.ii.2008, malaise trap, leg. A. Gangadin & K.-D.B. Dijkstra, 1/ A Neotropical genus containing approximately 35 (RMNH). described species. Keys have been published by Cur- ran (1941), Sack (1920) and (for West Indies only) Toxomerus Macquart, 1855 Thompson (1981). The larvae prey upon on larvae of froghoppers and spittlebugs (Homoptera: Cer- Mesograpta Loew, 1872: Van Doesburg 1962: 6, 1966: 65. copidae) (Knutson 1971). A large North and South American genus, contain- Salpingogaster nigra Schiner ing approximately 150 described species. At the time of working on the Surinam material, no recent Fig. 17 comprehensive review was available, so identifi- Salpingogaster nigra Schiner, 1868: 344. Type locality: cation had to be performed using several sources. South America (NMW). [not examined] Starting points were the keys of Curran (1934), Salpingogaster nigra Schiner: Van Doesburg (1962: 11, Hull (1943a) and Thompson (1981). When Borges 1966: 79). & Couri (2009) published a revision of the Brazilian species, the identifications could be verified using Notes. All specimens from Surinam key to S. nigra their key and descriptions. Their key contains all in the key of Curran (1941). This identification is species known from Surinam (with T. costalis under supported by comparison with specimens in the its junior synonym T. flaviplurus Hall, see notes RMNH and USNM-collections. There is some vari- under that species). Still, however, it is advisable to ation in the extent to which the wing is covered by identify males of the T. duplicatus species group by microtrichia. In a male from Nova Teutonia, Bra- comparing their genitalia with drawings in Borges zil (col. RMNH) microtrichia are absent from cell & Couri (2009), Gerdes (1975) and Thompson CuP, while in the males from Surinam the posterior (1981). In Surinam, this species group contains half of this wing cell is microtrichose. According to T. difficilis, T. papaveroi, T. productus, T. steatogaster Thompson (1981) the distribution of microtrichia and T. watsoni. on the wing of S. nigra is the same as in S. punctifrons Curran, in which cell CuP is bare. Because the exam- Toxomerus apegiensis (Harbach) ined specimens are otherwise very similar, the vari- Figs 80, 81 ation in wing microtrichia is here considered to be intraspecific. Van Doesburg (1962) records a male Mesograpta apegiensis Harbach, 1974: 31. Holotype: Brazil: and a female from Mariënburg. The female could Pará, Belém (CNC). [not examined] not be found in any of the investigated collections. Mesograpta nymphalia Hull of Van Doesburg (1966: 68), misidentification. The male has been reared by Geijskes in 1951 and is now (together with its empty puparium) in the collection of the NZCS. The label reads ‘larve op Notes. The specimens agree very well with the froghopper’ (‘larva at froghopper’), suggesting that description and figures of Harbach (1974). The dis- the larva was feeding on Cercopidae. tribution of T. apegiensis probably follows that of the Prevous records. Mariënburg. bambusoid grass Olyra obliquifolia Steudel (), New records. Upper Corantijn River, Coeroeni, on which the larvae are known to feed on 23.vi.1963, leg. J.G. Wessels Boer, 1? (RMNH); (Reemer & Rotheray 2009). This grass grows in the Paramaribo Anton de Kom Universiteit, 31.i.2006, understorey of moist forest, in half-shady conditions 1?; Paramaribo Anton de Kom Universiteit, along paths and clearings, as present on the moun- 27.xi.2007, leg. K.-D. Dijkstra, 1? (RMNH). tain plateaus of Brownsberg and Nassau Mountains (approximately 500 m. alt.). The adults have only Salpingogaster virgata (Austen) been found in the immediate vicinity (< 1 m) of large stands of O. obliquifolia. Fig. 16 New records. Sipaliwini, 9 & 13.vi.1963, leg. P.H. Salpingogaster virgata Austen, 1893: 159. Syntypes: Brazil: van Doesburg Jr., 2/ (RMNH); Brownsberg, Amazon (BMNH). [not examined] 4.iii.2006, 6? 4/; Brownsberg, 5.iii.2006, 3? 2/; Brownsberg, 2.iv.2006, 2? 4/; Nassau Mountains, Notes. The specimen agrees perfectly with the 24.IV.2006, 1 larva. detailed description and nice colour drawing by Austen (1893).

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Toxomerus costalis (Wiedemann) Toxomerus dispar (Fabricius) Figs 94, 95 Figs 68, 69 Syrphus costalis Wiedemann, 1830: 140. Holotype ?: Suri- Syrphus dispar Fabricius, 1794: 309.Syntypes: South Amer- nam, label 1: “Ammer. / Surinam / Cordua.”; label 2: ica (lost). [not examined] “294”; label 3: “Typus”; label 4: “Syrphus costalis Wd.” Syrphus basilaris Wiedemann, 1830: 143. Type local- (SMF). [photographs examined] ity: Brazil (NMW). [not examined]. Synonymised by Mesogramma flaviplurus Hall, 1927. Paratype ?: Guate- Thompson 1981. mala, label 1: “Puerto Barrios / Guatemala / March Mesograpta basilaris Wiedemann: Van Doesburg 1962: 6, 5, 1905”; label 2: “Jas. S. Hine / Collector”; label 3: 1966: 65. “Paratype”; label 4: “PARATYPE / Mesogramma flavi- Mesograpta marginata (Say, 1823) of Van Doesburg 1966: plura Hall / 1926.” (OSUC). [photographs examined] 68, misidentification. Syn. n. Mesograpta costalis (Wiedemann): Van Doesburg 1962: 6, Notes. 1966: 65. A very variable species. The specimen recorded from Surinam as Mesograpta marginata by Van Does- burg (1966) actually belongs to one of the many col- Notes. Toxomerus costalis, which was described from our varieties of T. dispar. In Surinam the species was Surinam, has not been included in any key or review found in open, not too dry, grassy vegetations. of the genus. However, the specimens from Surinam Previous records. Berg en Dal, Charlesburg, Map- agree well with the original description by Wiede- ane area, Nassau Mountains, Nickerie, Paramaribo, mann (1830). In characters of head and thorax, they Wageningen. also agree with the holotype, as studied on photo- New records. Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, 29.xii.2005, graphs (kindly provided by Amanda Pires). The 1/; Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, 30.xii.2005, 1/; abomen of the holotype is lost; it now has the abdo- Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, 23.i.2006, 1/; Peperpot, men of a species glued on. 25.i.2006, 1/; Paramaribo Anton de Kom Univer- The Surinam specimens key to T. flaviplurus (Hall) siteit, 31.i.2006, 1? 1/; Peperpot, 24.ii.2006, 1? in the key of Borges & Couri (2009). Examination 1/l; Gakaba, 18.iii.2006, 1/; Kajana, 13.iv.2006, of photographs of a paratype of this taxon (kindly 1/; Nassau Mts., 23.iv.2006, 1/. provided by Amanda Pires) revealed that it is very similar to the Surinam specimens, as well as to the T. costalis T. flaviplurus holotype of . Therefore, is Toxomerus floralis (Fabricius) here considered to be a junior synonym of T. costalis. Figs 70, 71 In Surinam, this species was found in more or less humid, grassy vegetations. Syrphus floralis Fabricius, 1798: 563. Syntypes: Cajennae Previous records. Albina. (lost). [not examined] New records. Palumeu, 2.iii.1993, leg. B. De Mesograpta floralis (Fabricius): Van Doesburg 1962: 7, 1966: 65. Dijn, 1/ (RMNH); Gakaba, 18.iii.2006, 1?; Brownsberg, 4.iv.2006, 1?; Nassau Moun- tains, 23.iv.2006, 5? 2/; Nassau Mountains, Notes. A common and widespread species in Suri- 24.iv.2006, 1? 1/. nam, where it occurs in a wide variety of open habi- tats. Previous records. Toxomerus difficilis (Curran) Kwatta, Paramaribo, Prins Willem, Republiek, Tibiti savanne, Toemoek Hoemak Temo- Fig. 90 mairem. Mesogramma difficilis Curran, 1930b: 6. Holotype ?: New records. 117 km S of Avanavero airstrip along Puerto Rico (AMNH). [not examined] road to Amotopo airstrip, 03°50’N-58°20’W, malaise trap, 20–24.xi.1981, leg. H. Huijbregts, 2? 1/ Notes. A female specimen of T. difficilis previously (RMNH); Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, 29.xii.2005, identified as T. duplicatus (Wiedemann, 1830) by 1? 1/; Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, 30.xii.2005, 6? Van Doesburg is present in the RMNH-collection. 4/; Meerzorg-Tamanredjo, 6.i.2006, 1?; Sara- Van Doesburg did not mention this specimen under macca river crossing, 7.i.2006, 1?; 10 km W Jenny, T. duplicatus in his papers. 8.i.2006, 3?; Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, 9.i.2006, New records. Paramaribo, 28.vii.1963, leg. E. v.d. 1?; Republiek, 10.i.2006, 1? 2/; Onverdacht, Vegt, 1/ (RMNH). 10.i.2006, 1?; Colakreek, 15.i.2006, 1? 1/; Zanderij, 22.i.2006, 1/; Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, 23.i.2006, 2?; Peperpot, 25.i.2006, 2?; Fungu Island, 16.ii.2006, 1/; Brownsberg, 3.iii.2006,

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3? 2/; Albina, 10.iii.2006, 1? 1/; Gakaba, Notes. Part of the specimens recorded as this species 18.iii.2006, 1?; Nason, 19.iii.2006, 1?; Colakreek, by Van Doesburg (1962, 1966) belong to T. lacrymo- 23.iii.2006, 1?; Kajana, 13.iv.2006, 2?; Nassau sus. For further notes see that species. The specimen Mts., 23.iv.2006, 2? 3/. recorded as Mesograpta taenia belongs to T. musicus. A species of open, grassy areas. Often found together T. lacrymosus Toxomerus funestus (Van Doesburg) with . Previous records (revised). Braamspunt, Jodensavanne, Fig. 96 Mapane Area, Sipaliwini, Paramaribo, Zanderij. Mesograpta funesta Van Doesburg, 1966: 65. Holotype /: New records. 117 km S of Avanavero airstrip along Surinam (RMNH). [examined] road to Amotopo airstrip, 03°50’N-58°20W, malaise trap, 20–24.xi.1981, leg. H. Huijbregts, 1? 1/ Previous records. Sipaliwini, Zanderij. (RMNH); Awarradam, 11.iv.2006, 2? 3/; Browns- berg, 3.iii.2006, 1/; Gakaba, 18.iii.2006, 1? 2/; / Toxomerus lacrymosus (Bigot) Kajana, 13.iv.2006, 4 ; Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, 20.ii.2006, 1/; Republiek, 10.i.2006 1/, 1.ii.2006 Figs 72, 73 1?, 9.iii.2006 1/. Mesograpta lacrymosa Bigot, 1884: 107. Type locality: Bra- zil & Mexico (OUMNH). [not examined] Mesograpta musica (Fabricius, 1805) of Van Doesburg Toxomerus papaveroi Borges & Couri 1962: 7, 1966: 68 in part. Figs 83, 84 Toxomerus maculatus (Bigot, 1884) of Thompson 1981. Not Mesograpta lacrymosa Bigot of Van Doesburg 1966: Toxomerus papaveroi Borges & Couri, 2009: 43. Holotype: 67. Brazil, Nova Teutonia (CNC). [not examined] Mesograpta duplicata (Wiedemann) of Van Doesburg (1962: 7, 1966: 65) in part, misidentification. Notes. This species is very similar to T. musicus and has therefore not been recognized by Van Doesburg among the material of that species. The specimen he Notes. The specimens run to T. papaveroi in the key does record as Mesograpta lacrymosa, actually belongs of Borges & Couri (2009), and the genitalia of the to T. musicus. To make things even more compli- males agree well with their figure of that species. cated, Toxomerus lacrymosus is the same species as The specimens from Brownsberg were caught in treated under the name T. maculatus by Thompson copula, while they were sitting on leaves of a shrub (1981) (pers. comm. F.C. Thompson). The species along a narrow path through primary forest. are keyed out correctly by Borges & Couri (2009). New records. Carolinakreek, 18.ii.1962, leg. P.H. van A species of open, grassy areas. Often found together Doesburg Jr., 1? (RMNH); Brownsberg, 5.ii.2006, with T. musicus. 1? 1/. Previous records (revised). Albina, Berg en Dal, Braamspunt, Mapane Area, Matapica, Paramaribo, Toxomerus pictus (Macquart) Zanderij. Figs 76, 77 New records. Meerzorg-Tamanredjo, 22.ii.2006, 1/; Onverwacht, 1.ii.2006, 1/; Paramaribo Anton Syrphus pictus Macquart, 1842: 159. Type locality: French de Kom Universiteit, 31.i.2006, 1? 1/; Para- Guyana (MNHN). [not examined] maribo Cultuurtuin, 30.xii.2006 1?, 13.iii.2006 Mesograpta maculata Bigot, 1884: 111. Type locality: / / Cuba, Mexico, Brazil (OUMNH). [not examined] 1 , 28.iii.2006 1 ; Raleigh Falls Fungu Island, Mesograpta maculata Bigot: Van Doesburg 1962: 7, 1966: 15.ii.2006 1?, 16.ii.2006 1/. 68. Mesograpta picta (Macquart): Van Doesburg 1962: 8, 1966: 68. Toxomerus musicus (Fabricius) Figs 74, 75 Notes. The specimens recorded as Mesograpta macu- musica Fabricius, 1805: 253. Type locality: South lata and M. picta by Van Doesburg (1962, 1966) all America (ZMUC). [not examined] belong to the same variable species, which should be Mesograpta musica (Fabricius, 1805): Van Doesburg called Toxomerus pictus. The genitalia of the speci- 1962: 7, 1966: 68, in part. mens from Surinam agree with those of T. pictus as Mesograpta lacrymosa Bigot of Van Doesburg 1966: 67, misidentification. figured by Thompson (1981). Toxomerus maculatus Mesograpta taenia (Curran, 1930b) of Van Doesburg of Thompson (1981) is actually T. lacrymosus (pers. (1966: 69), misidentification. comm. F.C. Thompson). The coloration is very vari- able: in most specimens the base of the scutellum is

Downloaded from Brill.com10/04/2021 02:27:03PM via free access Reemer: Second survey of Surinam Syrphidae 193 black, but in some it is entirely yellow. The colour of but was not recorded in his papers. Another one was pilosity on the scutellum can vary from entirely yel- previously identified as T. duplicatus, and the third low to entirely black. one has recently been collected. Previous records (including those of T. maculatus by New records. Kabel, 22.x.1958, leg. P.H. van Does- Van Doesburg 1962, 1966). Estate Morgenstond, burg Jr., 1/ (RMNH); Sipaliwini, 7.vi.1963, leg. Paramaribo. P.H. van Doesburg Jr., 1? (RMNH); Gakaba, New records. Awarradam, 13.iv.2006, 1/; Browns- 18.iii.2006, 1?. berg, 3.iii.2006 1? 1/, 4.iii.2006 2?, 3.iv.2006 ? / 1 ; Gakaba, 18.iii.2006, 1 ; Meerzorg-Taman- Toxomerus pulchellus (Macquart) redjo, 24.i.2006, 1/; Nason, 19.iii.2006, 1/; Nas- Figs 91, 92 sau Mountains, 23.iv.2006, 3? 2/, 24.iv.2006 2?; Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, 9.i.2006, 1?; Peperpot, Syrphus pulchellus Macquart, 1846: 266. Type locality: 7.iii.2006, 1 /, 28.iii.2006 1? 1/; Raleigh Falls Saint-Domingue (OUMNH). [not examined] Fungu Island, 16.ii.2006, 1/; Zanderij road to Mesograpta laciniosa Loew, 1866: 159. Type locality: Cuba / (MCZ). [not examined]. Synonymised by Thompson Kraka, 16.iii.2006, 1 . 1981. Mesograpta laciniosa Loew: Van Doesburg 1962: 7, 1966: (Say) 67. Fig. 93 Notes. Toxomerus pulchellus can be found among Scaeva polita Say, 1823: 88. Type locality: USA: Vir- dense and humid vegetations of tall grasses. ginia (USNM). [not examined] Previous records. Kabelstation, Paramaribo. Mesograpta polita Say: Van Doesburg 1962: 8, 1966: New records. Albina, Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, 68. 30.xii.2005, 3? 3/; Onverdacht, 10.i.2006, 1/; Republiek, 10.i.2006, 1?; Peperpot, 25.i.2005, Notes. The specimens from Surinam agree well with 1? 1/; Republiek, 1.ii.2006, 1?; Raleigh Falls, figures, descriptions and keys in Hull (1943a), Metz 16.ii.2006, 1?; Albina, 10.iii.2006, 1/; Gakaba, & Thompson (2001) and Thompson (1981). Tox- 18.iii.2006, 1/; Colakreek, 23.iii.2006, 1/. omerus politus is a wide-spread species, ranging from Canada to large parts of South-America. The larva Toxomerus sedmani Harbach feeds on pollen of corn Zea mays (Metz & Thompson Fig. 82 2001, Richardson 1915, Reemer & Rotheray 2009). Previous records. Paramaribo. Toxomerus sedmani Harbach, 1984: 840: Holotype: Brazil: New records. Langatabbetje, 19.iii.2006, 1/; Belém, Pará (CNC). [not examined] Awarradam, 13.iv.2006, 1/; Nassau Mountains, 23.iv.2006, 1/. Notes. This male agrees well with the original descrip- tion by Harbach (1984). New records. Toxomerus productus (Curran) 1 male, Nassau mountains, 24.iv.2006. Figs 85, 86 Mesogramma producta Curran, 1930b: 5. Holotype: Ecua- Toxomerus steatogaster (Hull) dor (AMNH). [not examined] Fig. 87 Mesograpta producta (Curran): Van Doesburg 1962: 8, Mesogramma steatogaster Hull, 1941: 62. Holotype: Brazil: 1966: 69. Amazon (CNC). [not examined] Mesograpta duplicata (Wiedemann, 1830) of Van Does- burg 1962: 7, 1966: 65 in part, misidentification. Notes. The female from Zanderij had already been identified by Van Doesburg as ‘?steatogaster’, but Notes. Agrees with description of Curran (1930b). apparently he was not certain enough to record it in Gerdes (1975) depicts the genitalia of the holotype, his papers. Both specimens agree with the descrip- which agree with those of the male from Gakaba. tion of steatogaster by Hull (1941) and the figure in Van Doesburg (1962) records this species from Hull (1943a), and they run to T. steatogaster in the Estate Waterland, Zanderij and Kabelstation. None key of Borges & Couri (2009). of these specimens could be found in the RMNH New records. Paramaribo, 20.v.1962, leg. P.H. van collection. However, three other specimens could Doesburg Jr., 1/ (RMNH); Zanderij, 22.vi.1964, be assigned to this species. One of these had already leg. D.C. Geijskes, 1/ (RMNH). been identified as T. productus by Van Doesburg,

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Toxomerus virgulatus (Macquart) Trichopsomyia SUR-01 Figs 78, 79 Fig. 20 Syrphus virgulatus Macquart, 1850: 456. Type locality: un- Trichopsomyia polita Williston, 1888 of Van Doesburg known (OUMNH). [not examined] 1966: 93, misidentification. Mesogramma confusa Schiner, 1868. Type: South America (NMW). [not examined]. Synonymised by Borges & Couri 2009. Notes. The female from Paramaribo (3.v.1963, leg. Mesograpta confusa (Schiner): Van Doesburg 1962: 6, P.H. van Doesburg Jr., col. RMNH) has been identi- 1966: 65. fied as T. polita Williston, 1888 by Van Doesburg (1966). He based his identification on the key by Notes. Common in grassy vegetations in somewhat Fluke (1937) and the description by Williston shady conditions, like along forest borders and (1888). In an unpublished draft key to Central paths. American species (F.C. Thompson prep.), the speci- Previous records. Paramaribo, Wonotobo, Zanderij. men does not key out well. The species of this genus, New records. Brownsberg, 3.iii.2006, 1/, 4.iii.2006 especially the females, have not yet been sufficiently 2?, 1.iv.2006 1?, 2.iv.2006 1?, 3.iv.2006 1?; characterized, is seems better to refrain from identi- Colakreek 15.i.2006, 2?, 1.iii.2006 1/; Meer- fying this female specimen to species-level. zorg-Tamanredjo, 13.i.2006, 2? 1/; Mopentibo, Previous records. Paramaribo. 8.iii.2006, 1?, 19.iv.2006 1?; Nassau Moun- ? tains, 23.iv.2006, 2 ; Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, Trichopsomyia SUR-02 29.xii.2005, 6? 1/, 9.i.2006 1?, 23.i.2006 Fig. 21 1/; Paramaribo Leiding 28.i–6.ii.2006, malaise trap, 2/, 17.ii-1.iii.2006 1?; Paramaribo Zoo 19–24.i.2006 (malaise trap), 5? 7/, 24–31.i.2006 Notes. This specimen has previously been identified 3? 8/, 31.i–7.ii.2006 1? 1/, 18–27.ii.2006 1? as T. polita by Van Doesburg, but he did not record 1/; Peperpot, 25.i.2006, 1/, 2–9.ii.2006 1?, it in his papers. It is different from Trichopsomyia 8–14.iv.2006 1/; Zanderij 1, 22.i.2006, 2?. SUR-01 in a number of characters, like the shape of the scutellum, the dust spots on the frons and the Toxomerus watsoni (Curran) distribution of microtrichia on the wing. Like the other species it keys to T. polita Williston in Fluke Figs 88, 89 (1937), but it keys to an undescribed species in an Mesogramma watsoni Curran, 1930b: 5. Holotype: Haiti unpublished draft key by F.C. Thompson (in prep.). (AMNH). [examined] Presently, it is not possible to identify this specimen any further. Notes. Identification was based on examination of New records. Zanderij, 14.viii.1963, leg. P.H. van the holotype, on the original description by Cur- Doesburg Jr., 1/ (RMNH). ran (1930b), on Thompson (1981), who depicts the male genitalia, and on the key of Borges & Couri Xanthandrus Verrall, 1901 (2009). New records. Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, 17.vii.1964, leg. D.C. Geijskes, 1? (RMNH); Republiek, The genus Xanthandrus occurs in all major zoogeo- 10.i.2006, 1?; Meerzorg, 13.i.2006, 1?; Meerzorg- graphical regions. From the Neotropical region nine Tamanredjo, 22.ii.2006, 1/; Albina, 10.III.2006, species are known, which have recently been revised 1?; Colakreek, 23.iii.2006, 1?; Nassau Mountains, by Borges & Pamplona (2003). 23.iv.2006, 1/. Xanthandrus bucephalus (Wiedemann) Trichopsomyia Williston, 1888 Fig. 18 Syrphus bucephalus Wiedemann, 1830: 126. Type locality: A genus of small, mostly black , containing 11 Brazil (ZMB). [not examined] described and at least four undescribed Neotropi- Xanthandrus mexicanus Curran, 1930 of Van Doesburg 1962: 12, 1966: 79, misidentification. cal species (Thompson 1999). A key to six species is given by Fluke (1937). Notes. In the recent key of Borges & Pamplona (2003) the specimen from Surinam runs to X. bucephalus (Wiedemann). Comparison with specimens in the

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USNM collection supports this identification. Central American Diptera. Volume 1. – NRC Re- Previous records. Paramaribo. search Press, Ottawa. Curran, C.H., 1930a. New species of Diptera belonging to the genus Baccha Fabricius (Syrphidae). – American Acknowledgements Museum Novitates 403: 1–16. Many thanks go to Piet H. van Doesburg Jr. for pro- Curran, C.H., 1930b. New Diptera belonging to the genus viding valuable first-hand information on his collect- Mesogramma Loew (Syrphidae). – American Museum Novitates 405: 1–14. ing sites. I would like to thank particularly the staff Curran, C.H., 1934. The Diptera of Kartabo, Bartica Dis- and associate researchers of the NZCS in Paramaribo, trict, British Guiana, with descriptions of new species who provided all kinds of advise and practical help from other British Guiana localities. – Bulletin of the during my stay in Surinam: Aniel Gangadin, Bart American Museum of Natural History 46: 287–532. De Dijn, Paul Ouboter and Mia Quick. Mr. Slijn- Curran, C.H., 1939. New Neotropical Baccha Fabricius gard of StiNaSu (Paramaribo) assisted in arranging (Syrphidae: Diptera). – American Museum Novitates collecting permits for the Brownsberg nature reserve. 1041: 1–12. Mr. Sjakshie and Mr. A. Velter are acknowledged for Curran, C.H., 1941. New American Syrphidae. – Bulle- allowing me to put up malaise traps at Peperpot. tin of the American Museum of Natural History 78: Special thanks go to Chris Thompson for assistance 243–304. during my visits to the USNM and for sharing his Dobreff, J., 2010. Daniel Rolander. The invisible naturalist. draft keys to the Neotropical Syrphidae with me. – In: A. Polaszak, Systema Naturae 250 – The Linnae- I am very grateful to Kees van Achterberg (RMNH) an Ark. CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York. for allowing me to use his microscopic and photo- Doesburg Sr., P.H. van, 1962. Preliminary list of Syrphidae known from Suriname and British and . graphic facilities. The collection managers of the fol- – Studies on the Fauna of Suriname and other Guy- lowing institutions kindly provided assistance dur- anas 5: 1–33. ing visits or with arranging loans: Tam Nguyen & Doesburg Sr., P.H. van, 1966. Syrphidae from Suriname. D. Grimaldi (AMNH), Irene Rademacher (SMF), Additional records and descriptions. – Studies on the Rob de Vries (RMNH) and Nigel Wyatt (BMNH). Fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas 9: 61–107. Additional specimens from Surinam were collected Fluke, C.L., 1937. New South American Syrphidae (Dip- by K.-D. Dijkstra and Hans Huijbregts (both Lei- tera). – America Museum Novitates 941: 1–14. den). Chris Raper (Reading) and Jean A. Cerda (Cay- Fluke, C.L., 1942. Revision of the Neotropical enne) provided specimens of Leucopodella guianica related to Syrphus (Diptera, Syrphidae). – American from French Guyana. Amanda Pires (Curitibia) was Museum Novitates 1201: 1–24. very helpful in sending pictures of some Toxomerus- Geijskes, D.C., 1968. collecting in Suriname with types. Thanks to Dr. Jürgen Deckert (Berlin) for his the help of ‘malaise’ traps. – Studies on the fauna of permission to use his picture of P.H. van Doesburg Jr. Suriname and other Guyanas 39: 101–109. The Uyttenboogaart-Eliasen Foundation provided Gerdes, C., 1975. Notes on types of Toxomerus (Diptera: Syrphidae). – Entomological News 86: 13–22. financial support for collecting trips in Surinam, as Harbach, R.E., 1974. A new Neotropical syrphid , Me- well as for visits to foreign entomological collections. sograpta apegiensis (Diptera: Syrphidae). – Proceed- ings of the Entomological Society of Washington 76: References 31–34. Harbach, R.E., 1984. A new species of Toxomerus (Diptera: Austen, E.E., 1893. Descriptions of new species of dipter- Syrphidae) from Brazil, with notes on three related ous insects of the family Syrphidae in the collection of species. – Proceedings of the Entomological Society of the British Museum, with notes on species described Washington 86: 840–844. by the late Francis Walker. Part I. and Brach- Hine, J.S., 1914. Diptera of Middle America. Family Syr- yopini. – Proceedings of the Zoological Society of phidae. – The Ohio Naturalist 14: 333–343. London 61: 132–164. Hoogmoed, M.S., 1973. Notes on the herpetofauna of Borges, Z.M. & M.S. Couri, 2009. Revision of Toxomerus Surinam IV. The lizards and amphisbaenians of Suri- Macquart, 1855 (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Brazil nam. – Uitgeverij W. Junk, Den Haag. with synonymic notes, identification key to the spe- Hull, F.M., 1941. Some new species of Syrphidae. – Jour- cies and description of three new species. – Zootaxa nal of the Kansas Entomological Society 14: 61–63. 2179: 1–72. Hull, F.M., 1943a. The genus Mesogramma. – Entomo- Borges, Z.M. & D.M. Pamplona, 2003. Revision of the logica Americana 23: 1–41. Neotropical Xanthandrus Verrall (Diptera, Syrphidae). Hull, F.M., 1943b. The new world species of the genus – Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 47: 155–167. Baccha. – Entomologica Americana 23: 42–99. Brown, B.B., A. Borkent, J.M. Cumming, D.M. Wood, Hull, F.M., 1944. A study of some syrphid flies from South N.E. Woodley & M.A. Zumbado, 2009. Manual of America. – Revista de Entomologia 15: 34–54. Downloaded from Brill.com10/04/2021 02:27:03PM via free access 196 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, volume 153, 2010

Hull, F.M., 1949 [1947]. The genus Baccha from the new Rotheray, G.E., E.G. Hancock & M.A. Marcos-García, world. – Entomologica Americana 27: 89–291. [dated 2007. Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) 1947, but published in 1949] breeding in bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) including Kassebeer, C.F., 2000. Zur Gattung Pseudodoros Becker, 22 new species. – Zoological Journal of the Linnean 1903 (Diptera, Syrphidae). – Dipteron 3: 73–92. Society 150: 267–317. Knutson, L.V., 1971. Puparia of Salpingogaster conopida Sack, P., 1920. Die Gattungen Salpingogaster Schiner und and S. texana, with notes on prey (Diptera: Syrphi- Meromacrus Rondani. – Zoologische Jahrbücher, dae). – Entomological News 82: 29–38. Abteilung Systematik, Geografie und Biologie der Macquart, J.M., 1846. Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou Tiere 43: 235–272. peu connus. Supplément. – Memoires de la Société des Stephens, L. & M.A. Taylor Jr., 1985. Ornithological Sciences, de l’Agriculture et des Arts de Lille (1845) Gazetteer of the Guianas. – Harvard University, Cam- 1844: 133–364, 20 pls. bridge. Marinoni, L. & F.C., Thompson 2003. Flower flies of Thompson, F.C., 1981. The flower flies of the West Indies southeastern Brazil (Diptera: Syrphidae). Part I. Intro- (Diptera: Syrphidae). – Memoirs of the Entomological duction and new species. – Studia Dipterologica 10: Society of Washington 9: 1–200. 565–578. Thompson, F.C., 1999. A key to the genera of flower flies Marques, O.M., F.M. dos Santos & R.M. de Cássia B. (Diptera: Syrphidae) of the Neotropical Region in- Cardoso, 2003. Inimigos naturais de Myzus nicotianae cluding descriptions of new genera and species and a Blackman (: Aphididae) em Cruz das Almas glossary of taxonomic terms. – Contributions on En- - Bahia. – Magistra 15. [online version without page tomology, International 3: 322–378. numbers consulted]. Thompson, F.C., 2010. Syrphidae. Systema Dipterorum, Mengual, X., G. Ståhls & S. Rojo, 2008a. First phylogeny Version 1.0. –http://www.diptera.org/ [last visit: Sep- of predatory (Diptera, Syrphidae, Syrphi- tember 2010] nae) using mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S rRNA Thompson, F.C. & M.A. Zumbado, 2000. Flower flies of genes: conflict and congruence with the current tribal the subgenus Ocyptamus (Mimocalla Hull) (Diptera: classification. – Cladistics 24: 543–562. Syrphidae). – Proceedings of the Entomological Soci- Mengual, X., G. Ståhls & S. Rojo, 2008b. Evaluating the ety of Washington 102: 773–793. phylogenetic relationships of the tribe Toxomerini and Thompson, F.C., J.R. Vockeroth & Y.S. Sedman, 1976. related genera (Diptera, Syrphidae): exceptional radia- Family Syrphidae. – A catalogue of the Diptera of the tion of lineages in the New World. – University of Ali- Americas south of the United States 46: 1–195. cante, PhD thesis: 289–333. USBGN [United States Board on Geographic Names], Merian, M.S., 1705. Metamorphosis insectorum Surina- 1974. Surinam. Official Standard Names Gazetteer. mensium. – Taschen, Hong Kong. [edition 2009] – Department of the Interior, Washington D.C. Metz, M.A. & F.C. Thompson, 2001. A revision of the Vockeroth, J.R., 1986. Revision of the New World species larger species of Toxomerus (Diptera: Syrphidae) with of Paragus Latreille (Diptera: Syrphidae). – Canadian description of a new species. – Studia Dipterologica Entomologist 118: 183–198. 8: 225–256. Wekker, E.J.E., 1986. Ken uw land II. Lijst van aardrijk- Papavero, N., 1971. Essays on the history of Neotropical skundige namen in Suriname. – Warimbo, Paramar- Dipterology. Vol I. – Museu de Zoologia, São Paulo. ibo. Reemer, M. & G.E. Rotheray, 2009. Pollen feeding larvae Wiedemann, C.R.W., 1830. Aussereuropäische zwei- in the presumed predatory syrphine genus Toxomerus flügelige Insekten. Zweiter Theil. – Schulz, Hamm. Macquart (Diptera: Syrphidae). – Journal of Natural Williston, S.W., 1888. Diptera Brasiliana, Ab H.H. Smith History 43: 939–949. collecta. Part I - Stratiomyidae, Syrphidae. – Transac- Richardson, C.H., 1915. A contribution to the life hostory tions of the American Entomological Society 15:243– of the corn-feeding syrphus-fly (Mesogramma polita 292. Say). – Journal of Economic Entomology 8: 338–342. Rotheray, G.E., M. Zumbado, E.G. Hancock & F.C. Thompson, 2000. Remarkable aquatic predators in the genus Ocyptamus (Diptera, Syrphidae). – Studia Received: 3 May 2010 Dipterologica 7: 385–389. Accepted: 2 July 2010

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