U.S. Fire Administration Traffic Incident Management Systems April 2008 U.S
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U.S. Fire Administration Traffic Incident Management Systems April 2008 U.S. Fire Administration Mission Statement As an entity of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the mission of the U.S. Fire Administration (USFA) is to reduce life and economic losses due to fire and related emergencies, through leadership, advocacy, coordination, and support. We serve the Nation independently, in coordination with other Federal agencies, and in partnership with fire protection and emergency service communities. With a commitment to excellence, we provide public education, training, technology, and data initiatives. U.S. Fire Administration Traffic Incident Management Systems April 2008 TABLE OF CON T EN T S Preface . v. Chapter 1—Introduction . 1 Firefighter Fatalities . 3 Firefighter Injuries . 4 Secondary Collisions . 4 Factors Influencing the Occurrence of Roadway Incidents . 5 Other Considerations Relative to Roadway Incident Scenes . 6 Economic Impact . 7 Impact of Travel Delay Resulting from Vehicle Collisions . 8 Project Goals . 9 Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices . 9 Model Procedures Guide for Highway Incidents . 10 Chapter 2—Incident Case Studies . 11 Case Study 1 . 11 Case Study 2 . 12 Case Study 3 . 13 Case Study 4 . 13 Case Study 5 . 14 Case Study 6 . 15 Case Study 7 . 15 Case Study 8 . 16 Case Study 9 . 17 Case Study 10 . 18 Case Study 11 . 18 Case Study 12 . 19 Summary . 20 Chapter 3—Equipment to Improve Highway Safety . 21 ITS Technologies to Improve Roadway Safety . 22 Traffic Surveillance Technology . 22 Mayday and Automatic Collision Notification Systems . 22 Freeway Service Patrols . 23 Variable Message Signs . 24 TRAFFIC INCIDENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS i Temporary Traffic Control Zones . 25 Channelizing Devices . 27 Signs . 27 Cones . 28 Tubular Markers . 28 Flares . 29 Flagger Control . 32 Hand-Signaling Devices . 33 Flagger Location . 33 Audible Warning Signals . 34 High Visibility Safety Apparel . 34 ANSI/ISEA 107 . 35 Fabric . 36 Fluorescence . 36 Retroreflectivity . 36 ANSI/ISEA 207 . 37 Fire Apparatus Safety Equipment . 38 Restraints . 39 Vehicle Striping . 39 Warning Lights . 40 European Concepts in Roadway Scene Equipment and Practices . 41 Recommendations for Highway Safety Equipment . 43 Chapter 4—Setting Up Safe Traffic Incident Management Areas . 44 Establishing the Work Area . 45 Apparatus Placement . 45 Operations on Surface Streets . 45 Operations on Highways . 46 Apparatus Warning Lights . 47 Exiting the Apparatus . 49 Determining the Magnitude of the Incident . 49 Minor Incident . 50 Intermediate and Major Incidents . 50 Expanding the Work Area . 51 Flaggers . 52 Terminating the Temporary Traffic Control Operation . 53 Recommendations for Setting Up a Safe Work Zone . 54 ii TRAFFIC INCIDENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Chapter 5—Incident Command for Highway Incidents . 55 Preincident Planning for Roadway Incidents . 55 Sharing Information . 55 Developing the Preincident Plan . 58 Managing Roadway Incidents . 59 Initiating Incident Management . 60 Rules of Engagement . 60 Risk Analysis . 61 Establishing Command . 62 Transferring Command . 63 Command Aids . 63 Organizational Structure . 63 Expanding the Organization . 65 Unified Command . 68 Personnel Accountability . 68 Emergency Communications . 68 Transportation Department Roles in the Highway Incident Incident Command System Organization . 69 Organizing the Incident . 69 Prior to Arrival of Response Units . 70 Small Response . 70 Expanded Incident . 70 Reinforced Response . 71 Additional Considerations . 71 Recommendations for Managing Highway Incidents . 71 Chapter 6—Best Practices and Other Sources of Information for Effective Highway Incident Operations . 73 Sources of Information . 73 Emergency Responder Safety Institute . 73 National Traffic Incident Management Coalition . 73 Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) . 76 U .S . Fire Administration Roadway Operations Safety Web site . 76 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . 76 Other Examples/Sources of Information . 76 Best Practices for Border Bridge Incident Management . 76 Minnesota Traffic Incident Management Recommended Operational Guidelines . 77 Strategic Plan for Highway Incident Management in Tennessee . 77 TRAFFIC INCIDENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS iii Emergency Traffic Management in Calgary, Alberta, Canada . 78 Nova Scotia Traffic Management Guidelines for Emergency Scenes . 78 Standard Operating Procedures . 78 Model Standard Operating Procedure for Safe Operations at Roadway Incidents—Emergency Responder Safety Institute . 79 Scene Safety Survival Basics . 83 Hampton Roads Highway Incident Management Plan . 83 Chapter 7—Recommendations . 89 Appendix A—List of Acronyms and Abbreviations . 94 Appendix B—Resource Web sites . ..