The White Rose Free

The date was February 22, Hans Scholl and his sister Sophie, along with their best friend, Christoph Probst, were scheduled to be executed by Nazi officials that afternoon. The prison guards were so impressed with the calm and bravery of the prisoners in the face of The White Rose death that they violated regulations by permitting them to meet together one The White Rose time. Hans, a medical student at the University of Munich, was Sophie, a student, was The White Rose, a medical student, was This is the story of The White Rose. It is a lesson in dissent. It is a tale of courage, of principle, of honor. Hans and Sophie Scholl were German teenagers in the s. Like other young Germans, The White Rose enthusiastically joined the Hitler Youth. They believed that Adolf Hitler was leading Germany and the German people back to greatness. Their parents were not so enthusiastic. Their father, Robert Scholl, told his children that Hitler and the Nazis were leading Germany down a road of destruction. It is already lost. This Hitler is God's scourge on mankind, and if the war doesn't end soon the Russians will be sitting in Berlin. They concluded that, in the name of freedom and the greater good of the German nation, Hitler and the Nazis were enslaving and destroying the German people. Most Germans took the traditional position, that once war breaks out, it is the duty of the The White Rose to support the troops by supporting the government. But Hans and Sophie Scholl believed differently. They believed that it was the duty of a citizen, even in times of war, to stand up against an evil regime, especially when it is sending hundreds of thousands of its citizens to their deaths. The Scholl siblings began sharing their feelings with a few of their friends, Christoph Probst, Alexander Schmorell, Willi Graf, as well as with Kurt Huber, their psychology and philosophy professor. The leaflet contained an anonymous essay that said that the Nazi system had slowly imprisoned the German people and was now destroying them. The Nazi regime had turned evil. It was The White Rose, the essay said, The White Rose Germans to rise up and resist the tyranny of their own government. The leaflet caused a tremendous stir among the student body. It was the first time that internal dissent against the Nazi regime had surfaced in Germany. The The White Rose had been secretly written and distributed by Hans Scholl and his friends. Another leaflet appeared soon afterward. And then another. And another. The members of The White Rose, of course, had to act cautiously. The Nazi regime maintained an iron grip over German society. Internal dissent was quickly and efficiently smashed by the Gestapo. Hans and Sophie Scholl and their friends knew what would happen to them The White Rose they were caught. People began receiving copies of the leaflets in the mail. Students at the University of Hamburg began copying and distributing them. Copies began turning up in different parts of Germany and Austria. Moreover, as Hanser points out, the members of The White Rose did not limit themselves to leaflets. Hitler the Mass The White Rose The Gestapo was driven into a frenzy. It knew that the authors were having to procure large quantities of paper, envelopes, and postage. It knew that they were using a duplicating machine. But despite the Gestapo's best efforts, it was unable to catch the perpetrators. One day, February 18,Hans' and Sophie's luck ran out. They were caught leaving pamphlets at the University of Munich and were arrested. A search disclosed evidence of Christoph Probst's participation, and he too was soon arrested. The three of them were indicted for treason. On February 22, four days after their arrest, their trial began. Hanser writes:. He conducted the trial as if the future of the Reich were indeed at stake. He roared denunciations of the accused as if he were not the judge but the prosecutor. He behaved alternately like an The White Rose ranting through an overwritten role in an implausible melodrama and a Grand Inquisitor calling down eternal damnation on the heads of the three irredeemable heretics before him. No witnesses were called, since the defendants had admitted everything. Let justice be done. Freisler and the other accusers could not understand what had happened to these German youths. After all, they all came from nice German families. They all The White Rose attended German schools. They had been members of the Hitler Youth. How could they have turned out to be traitors? What had so twisted and warped their minds? What we wrote and said is also believed by many others. They just don't dare to express themselves as we did. Why don't you have the courage to face it? In the middle of the trial, Robert and Magdalene Scholl tried to enter the courtroom. The White Rose was seized and forcibly escorted outside. One day they will go down in history! Robert Freisler The White Rose his judgment on the three defendants: Guilty of treason. Their sentence: Death. They were escorted back to Stadelheim prison, where the guards permitted Hans and Sophie to have one last visit with their parents. Hans met with them first, and then Sophie. Hansen writes:. His eyes were clear and steady and he showed no sign of dejection or despair. He thanked his parents again for the love and warmth they had The White Rose him and he asked them to convey his affection and regard to a number of friends, whom he named. Here, for a moment, tears threatened, and he turned away to spare his parents the pain of seeing them. Facing them again, his shoulders were back and he smiled. Then a woman prison guard brought in Sophie. Her mother tentatively offered her some candy, which Hans had declined. She was perfectly composed as she was led away. Robert Mohr [a Gestapo official], who had come out to the prison on business The White Rose his own, saw her in her cell immediately afterwards, and she was crying. It was the first time Robert Mohr had seen her in The White Rose, and she apologized. For them she had smiled. No relatives visited Christoph Probst. His wife, who had just had their third child, was in the hospital. Neither she nor any members of his family even knew that he was on trial or that he had been sentenced to death. While his faith in God had always been deep and unwavering, he had never committed to a certain faith. On the eve of his death, a Catholic priest admitted him into The White Rose church in articulo mortis, at the point of death. That afternoon, the prison guards permitted Hans, Sophie, and Christoph to have one last visit together. Sophie was then led to the guillotine. Unfortunately, they were not the last to die. The Gestapo's investigation was relentless. Students at the University of Hamburg were either executed or sent to concentration camps. Today, every German knows the story of The White Rose. And there are streets, squares, and schools all over Germany named for the members of The White Rose. Richard Hansen sums up the story of The White Rose:. Their actions made them enduring symbols The White Rose the struggle, universal and timeless, for the freedom of the human spirit wherever and whenever it is threatened. Sources : The Future of Freedom Foundation. Hornberger is founder and president of The Future of Freedom Foundation. Download our mobile app for The White Rose access to the Jewish Virtual Library. White Rose Maths | Free Maths Teaching Resources | CPD Training

What's New We are continuously adding new and exciting resources and courses to our site. Find details about our latest resources and training here! Barvember ! We're less than 2 weeks away from the start of this year's Barvember! Printed Workbooks You can now order workbooks for all autumn blocks for Years ! Explore White Rose Maths. Professional Development. Premium Resources. Online The White Rose. Who We Are. Find out first about our latest resources, training and events, and whats happening next at White Rose Maths. Subscribe to our newsletter By The White Rose White Rose Maths with your personal details and submitting this request form, you are providing your consent for us to send you The White Rose newsletters and other communications about our products and services by email. We will only use your personal data in accordance with our privacy policy, and you can unsubscribe at any time by following the link in our emails. Teacher Newsletter Parent Newsletter. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Upcoming Events. View all events. Book your place. Year 6 Four Operations Wednesday 21st October. The White Rose Society

They attended the University of Munich. The group conducted an anonymous leaflet and graffiti campaign The White Rose called for active opposition to the Nazi regime. Their activities started in Munich on 27 Juneand ended with the arrest of the core group by the Gestapo on 18 February Hans, Sophie Scholl and Christoph Probst were executed by guillotine four days after their arrest, on February 22, During the trial, Sophie interrupted the judge multiple times. No defendants were given any opportunity to speak. The group wrote, printed and initially distributed their pamphlets in the greater Munich region. Later on, secret carriers brought copies to other cities, mostly in the southern parts of Germany. In total, the White Rose authored six leaflets, which were multiplied and spread, in a total of about 15, copies. They denounced the Nazi regime's The White Rose and oppression, and called The White Rose resistance. In their second leaflet, they openly denounced the persecution and mass murder of the Jews. Today, the White Rose is well known both within Germany and worldwide. Wilhelm Geyer taught Alexander Schmorell how to make the tin templates used in the graffiti campaign. Eugen The White Rose of Stuttgart funded their operations. Grimminger was arrested on 2 Marchsentenced to ten years in a penal institution for high treason by the "People's Court" on 19 Apriland imprisoned in Ludwigsburg penal institution until April His wife Jenny was murdered in the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camppresumably on 2 December Grimminger's secretary Tilly Hahn contributed her own funds to the cause, and acted as go-between for Grimminger and the group in Munich. She frequently carried supplies such as envelopes, paper, and an additional duplicating machine from Stuttgart to The White Rose. In addition, a group of students in the city of Ulm distributed a The White Rose of the group's The White Rose and were arrested and tried. Lilo Ramdohr at the registry office The White Rose Carl G. The government—or rather, the party—controlled everything: the news media, arms, police, the armed forces, the judiciary system, communications, travel, all levels of education from kindergarten to universities, all cultural and religious institutions. Political indoctrination started at a The White Rose early age, and continued by means of the Hitler Youth with the ultimate goal of complete mind control. Children were exhorted in school to denounce even their own parents for derogatory remarks about Hitler or Nazi ideology. The activities of the White Rose started in the autumn of This was a time that was particularly critical for the Nazi regime; after initial victories in World War IIthe German population became increasingly aware of the losses and damages of the The White Rose. In Summerthe German Wehrmacht was preparing a new military campaign in the southern part of the East front The White Rose regain the initiative after their earlier defeat close to Moscow. This German offensive was initially very successful, but came to a standstill in the autumn of In Februarythe German The White Rose had faced a major defeat in the Battle of Stalingrad. During this time, the authors of the pamphlets could neither be discovered, nor could the campaign be stopped by the Nazi authorities. When Hans and Sophie Scholl were discovered and arrested whilst distributing leaflets at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, [1] the regime reacted brutally. As the "Volksgerichtshof" was not bound to the law, but led by Nazi ideology, its actions were declared unlawful in post-war The White Rose. Thus, the execution of the White Rose group members, among many others, is considered as judicial murder. The members of the core group all shared an academic background as students at Munich University. The Scholl siblings, Christoph Probst, Willi Graf and Alexander Schmorell were all raised by independently thinking and wealthy parents. Alexander Schmorell was born in Russia, and his first language was Russian. After he and Hans Scholl had become friends at the university, Alexander invited Hans to his parents' home, where Hans also met Christoph Probst at the beginning of Alexander Schmorell and Christoph Probst had already been friends since their school days. As Christoph's father had been divorced and had married again to a Jewish wife, the effects of the Nazi Nuremberg Lawsand Nazi racial ideology had impacts on both Christoph's and Alexander's lives from early on. The ideas The White Rose thoughts of the German Youth Movementfounded inhad a major impact on the German youth at the beginning of the twentieth century. The movement aimed at providing free space to develop a healthy life. A common trait of the various organizations was a romantic longing for a pristine state of The White Rose, and a return to older cultural traditions, with a strong emphasis on independent, non-conformist thinking. They propagated a return to nature, confraternity The White Rose shared adventures. The Deutsche Jungenschaft vom 1. The Nazi Party 's youth organizations took over some of the elements of the Youth Movement, and engaged their members in activities similar to the adventures of the Boy Scoutsbut also subjected them to ideological indoctrination. Membership in both party youth organizations was compulsory for young Germans, although a few—such as Willi Graf, Otl Aicherand Heinz Brenner—refused to join. Sophie and Hans' sister Inge Scholl reported about the initial enthusiasm of the young people for the Nazi youth organization, to their parents' dismay: [9]. But there was something else that drew us with mysterious power and swept us along: the closed ranks of marching youth with banners waving, eyes fixed straight ahead, keeping time to drumbeat and song. Was not this sense of fellowship overpowering? It is not surprising that all of us, Hans and Sophie and the others, joined the Hitler Youth? We entered into it with body and soul, and we could not understand why our father did not approve, why he was not happy and proud. On the contrary, he was quite displeased with us. Youth organizations other than those led by the Nazi party were dissolved and officially forbidden in Both Hans Scholl and Willi Graf were arrested in —38 because of their membership in forbidden Youth Movement organizations. Hans Scholl had joined the Deutsche Jungenschaft 1. Hans Scholl was also accused of transgressing the German anti-homosexuality law, because of The White Rose same-sex teen relationship dating back to —, when Hans was only 16 The White Rose old. It was argued that the experience of being persecuted may have led both Hans and The White Rose to identify with the victims of the Nazi state, providing another explanation for why Hans and Sophie Scholl made their way from ardent "Hitler Youth" leaders to passionate opponents of the Nazi regime. The White Rose group was motivated by ethical, moral, and religious considerations. They supported and took in individuals of all kinds of backgrounds, and it did not depend on race, sex, religion, or age. They came from various religious backgrounds. Alexander Schmorell was an Orthodox Christian. Traute Lafrenz adhered to the concepts of anthroposophywhile Eugen Grimminger considered himself a The White Rose. Christoph Probst was baptized a Catholic only shortly before his execution. His father Hermann was nominally a Catholic, but also a private scholar of Eastern thought and wisdom. In their diaries and letters to friends, both Scholl siblings wrote about their reading of Christian scholars including Augustine of Hippo 's Confessions [14] and Etienne Gilsonwhose work on Medieval philosophy they discussed amongst other philosophical works within their network of friends. Conscience gives us the capacity to distinguish The White Rose good and evil. InHans Scholl read a copy of a sermon by an outspoken critic of the Nazi regime, Catholic Bishop August von Galendecrying the euthanasia policies expressed in Action T4 and extended that same year to the Nazi concentration camps by Action 14f13 [16] which the Nazis maintained would protect the German gene pool. Otl in turn introduced Hans Scholl to Muth in He drew the Scholl siblings' attention to the persecution of the Jews, which he considered sinful and anti-Christian. Kurt Huber was known amongst his students for the political innuendos which he used to include in his university lectures, by which he criticized Nazi ideology by talking about classical philosophers like The White Rose. He met Hans Scholl for the first time in Junewas admitted to the activities of the White Rose on 17 The White Rose[21] and became their mentor and the main author of the sixth pamphlet. Their studies were regularly interrupted by terms of compulsory service as student soldiers in the The White Rose medical corps on the Eastern Front. Their experience during this time had a major impact on their thinking, and it also motivated their resistance, because it led to their disillusionment with the Nazi regime. This Russian insight proved invaluable during their time there, and he could convey to his fellow White Rose members what was not understood or even heard by other Germans coming from the Eastern front. In summerseveral members of the White Rose had to serve for three months on the Russian front alongside many other male medical students from the University of Munich. There, they observed the horrors of war, saw beatings and The White Rose mistreatment of Jews by the Germans, and heard about the The White Rose of the Jews from reliable sources. In a letter to his sister Anneliese, Willi Graf wrote: "I wish I had been spared the view of all this which I had to witness. It was not enough to keep to oneself one's beliefs, and ethical standards, The White Rose the time had come to act. The members of the White Rose were fully aware of the risks they incurred by their acts of resistance:. Under Gestapo interrogation, Hans Scholl gave several explanations for the origin of the name "The White Rose", and suggested he may have chosen it while he was under the emotional influence of a 19th-century poem with the same name by The White Rose poet Clemens Brentano. Hans Scholl and Alex Schmorell had The White Rose this novel. They also wrote that the symbol of the white rose was intended to represent purity and innocence in the face of evil. After their experiences at the Eastern The White Rosehaving learned about mass murder in Poland and the Soviet Union, Hans Scholl and Alexander Schmorell felt compelled to take action. From end of June until mid of Julythey wrote the first four leaflets. Quoting extensively from the BibleAristotle and Novalisas well as Goethe and Schillerthe iconic poets of German bourgeoisie, they appealed to what they considered the The White Rose intelligentsiabelieving that these people would be easily convinced by the same arguments that also motivated the authors themselves. These leaflets were left in telephone books in public phone booths, mailed to professors and students, and taken by courier to other universities for The White Rose. In autumnSophie Scholl discovered that her brother Hans was one of the authors of the pamphlets, and joined the group. In Januarythe fifth leaflet, "Aufruf an alle Deutsche! It was carried to other German Cities between 27 and 29 January by the members and supporters of the group to many cities, and then mailed from there. Sophie Scholl stated during her Gestapo interrogation that from summer on, the aim of the White Rose was to address a broader range of the population. Consequently, in the fifth leaflet, the name of the group was changed from White Rose to "German Resistance Movement", and also the style of writing became more polemic and less intellectual. The reader was urged to "Support the The White Rose movement! These were the principles that would form "the foundations of a new Europe". By the end of Januarythe Battle of Stalingrad ended with the capitulation and near-total loss of the Wehrmacht's Sixth Army. In StalingradWorld War II had taken a The White Rose turn, inspiring resistance movements throughout the European countries then occupied by Germany. It also had a devastating effect on German morale. On 13 Januarya student riot broke out at Munich University after a speech by the Nazi Gauleiter of Munich and Upper Bavariain which he had denounced male students not serving in The White Rose army as skulkers and had also made obscene remarks to female students. These events encouraged the members of the White Rose. When the defeat at Stalingrad was officially announced, they sent out their sixth—and last—leaflet. The tone of this writing, authored by Kurt Huber and revised by Hans Scholl and Alexander Schmorell, was more patriotic.