Mission Kashmir
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Harvard Asia Quarterly Summer 2003 1 HAQ CONTENTS HAQ Editorial Staff Editor in Chief Jongsoo Lee Graduate School of Arts and Sciences 4 Patriotism and the Muslim Citizen in Hindi Films Executive Editor Loretta Kim Amit Rai Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Numerous Bollywood films address the trauma of communal violence that has Managing Editor plagued India’s recent history. According to Rai, these films construct the Muslim Holly Gayley terrorist as a monstrous “other” to be exorcised from a Hinduized national family. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Rai, who analyzes the “cinepatriotism” evident in these films, offers telling insights Production Editor into the rhetoric of counter-terrorism, also applicable to the US media. Damon Clark Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Web Editor Giro Cavallo Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Area Editors Jongsoo Lee, Central Asia 16 South Korean Cinema: The Take-Off to Globalization Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Jinhee Kim Melody Chu, China An impressive growth of the domestic film industry in recent years has transformed Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Danny Ooi, Korea South Korea into a significant player on the international film market. In an engag- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences ing survey, Kim discusses the economic and other factors fueling this growth and Leif-Eric Easley, Japan offers hints regarding its pitfalls as well as potential future directions. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Holly Gayley, South Asia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Karen Teoh, Southeast Asia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Associate Editors Harvard Law School Jennifer Chien 21 Interview with Professor Zhang Hui-jun, Kyle Hollingsworth President of the Beijing Film Academy Haifeng Huang HAQ Staff Yen Nguyen Matthew Peckosh The leader of China’s premier film academy shares with HAQ a wide range of Graduate School of Arts and Sciences information about the academy, including its history, curriculum, graduates, and Thomas Tso impact on Chinese and world cinema. The picture that emerges is the BFA as a Jean-Francois Rene Graduate School of Design thriving institution poised to play an increasingly important role in defining the future Michelle Lee of Chinese and Asian cinema. 24 Three Oral Poetries from Southern China Mark Bender China’s ancient traditions are still vibrant and relevant in the contemporary world of literary and performing arts. Bender examines three styles of oral poetry, their transmission, and significance to both performers and audiences. As he explores the rich cultural markers embedded in these artistic forms, Bender highlights the use of regional dialects and ethnic minority languages. Harvard Asia Quarterly 2 Summer 2003 Volume VII, No. 3 Summer 2003 HARVARD ASIA QUARTERLY is a publication affiliated with the Harvard Asia Center. HAQ was established in 1997 by members of the Harvard Asia Law Society in conjunction with students from other graduate and professional programs at Harvard University as an inter- disciplinary journal of contemporary Asian af- fairs. 31 Graffiti Photos: LETTERS HAQ welcomes readers’ letters and com- Expressive Art in Japanese Girls' Culture ments. HAQ reserves the right to edit corre- Laura Miller spondence for length or format, and the right Graffiti photos, photographs supplemented with written words, are a widely to decline publication. Letters should be ad- dressed to the editor and submitted to the popular "art form" in Japan mainly among teenage and college-age girls. In a address below, or sent to: [email protected] perceptive essay, Miller argues that these photos provide a creative and powerful forum for girls engaged in a struggle over their autonomy and self-identity to SUBMISSIONS forge social bonds and influence the trajectory of Japanese aesthetic HAQ invites the submission of articles and essays to be considered for publication. Sub- sensibilities, language and technology. missions should address matters of contem- porary concern in Asia. Submissions should be delivered in electronic form via email. All submitted materials become the property of HAQ. HAQ reserves the right to reject sub- missions and to edit materials for length, for- mat and content. To receive HAQ Editorial 43 Dancing the National Drama: Guidelines, submissions schedules, or addi- The Muslim South in Filipino Dance tional information, please contact HAQ at the William Peterson address below, or visit our website at www.haqonline.org. Electronic submissions or In discussing the history of the pangalay dance tradition in the Philippines and its inquiries should be sent to: [email protected] rise as a national symbol, especially in relation to the country's Muslim south, Peterson argues that the dance tradition has created a fictional image of the SUBSCRIPTIONS country's precolonial past, both at home and abroad. As he relates several Annual subscriptions to HAQ are available at a rate of $28.00 (individual subscribers) and contemporary popular performances of the dance to the Philippines' current $35.00 (institutional subscribers) for four is- social context, Peterson proposes that the dance may be able to bridge religious sues delivered in the United States and $45.00 and cultural differences within the country. for deliveries elsewhere. For more informa- tion, please contact HAQ or your academic periodical subscription service. Subscriptions are available online at our website: www.haqonline.org Please address all correspondence to: Harvard Asia Quarterly c/o Harvard Asia Center 1737 Cambridge Street Cambridge, MA 02138 USA Fax: (617) 495-9976 www.haqonline.org email: [email protected] Credits: Cover Design: http://www.sanjay-dutt.com Photo credits: Mark Bender (pp. XX), Laura Miller (pp. XX), Integrated Performing Arts Guild (pp. XX), FINISH THIS UP! No material appearing in this publication may be reproduced without the permission of the publisher. The opinions expressed in this pub- lication are those of the contributors and are not necessarily shared by the editors or pub- lishers. All statements of fact and opinion represent the work of the author, who remains solely responsible for the content. All edito- rial rights reserved. Copyright © 2003 by the President and Fel- lows of Harvard College. (ISSN 1522-4147). Harvard Asia Quarterly Summer 2003 3 PATRIOTISM AND THE MUSLIM CITIZEN IN HINDI FILMS BY AMIT RAI n Vidhu Vinod Chopra’s Mission Kashmir (2000), we are witness to a scene beyond the borders of the nation, where a play of shadows mimes the secret negotiation of political-economic interests and reli- Amit Rai is a faculty member in Literature and I gious sentiment. Hilal Kohistani (Jackie Shroff), an Afghan militant famed Cultural Studies at the New School in New York City. He has written on diverse topics includ- for his resistance to Russian colonialism, accepts a new mission from his ing South Asian popular culture, the internet Pakistani and Saudi backers; withdrawn in the shadows is the immobile and identity, the actor Shammi Kapoor, the US silhouette of a turbaned man who commits $20 million for the entire opera- War on Terrorism, and Gandhi and sexuality. In tion. addition to numerous journal articles, Rai re- cently published his first book, Rule of Sym- pathy: Sentiment, Race and Power (St. Martin's Militant: They say that in Afghanistan the Russians used to flee their Press-Palgrave, 2002). He is currently working tanks at hearing your name. on a study of Hindi cinema tentatively titled Kohistani: Leave names. Talk of work. New Empire Cinema: Bollywood and the Cin- ematic Assemblage. M: Mission Kashmir. This work . K: Will be done. Price? M: Don’t worry about money. Complete the mission and we’ll pay you any price you want. Since 1947, all the attacks on India have been government-organized. We owe allegiance to no government. We are a free group, and we are soldiers for freedom. There are more Muslims in India than Pakistan. After our mission they too will join our jihad. And our unknown group will become the most illustrious. We will have the most illustrious name among all the world’s mujahideen. In 1971, India changed the map of Asia. Now, we will change the shape of India. For every great goal, a great sacrifice is necessary. And the reward is also very great, God willing. K: Ten million. Dollar. Turbaned figure in shadows: Twenty million. To give money for jihad is as virtuous as giving alms. But even the name of this mission can’t go beyond these walls.