DOCSLIB.ORG

Bienekphd2020.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bienekphd2020.Pdf This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights and duplication or sale of all or part is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for research, private study, criticism/review or educational purposes. Electronic or print copies are for your own personal, non- commercial use and shall not be passed to any other individual. No quotation may be published without proper acknowledgement. For any other use, or to quote extensively from the work, permission must be obtained from the copyright holder/s. The United Kingdom in the European Community: The diplomacy of the UK government towards the Single European Act, 1984-5 Dissertation submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Caspar Johannes Bienek Keele University July 2020 Abstract This dissertation examines the policy making of the United Kingdom towards the Single European Act (SEA) from June 1984 to December 1985. The SEA codified the practice of foreign policy coordination and began a process of liberalising the Single Market of the European Community (EC). The literature has identified the SEA as an important milestone in the process of European integration. Controversy surrounds the question as to how Margaret Thatcher could sign the SEA but afterwards say she did not like it. This research makes a contribution with a multi-archival and multilingual analysis of the UK government’s decision making and diplomacy in the negotiations that lead to the SEA. This dissertation argues that the UK government’s approach to the SEA went through two phases. In the first phase, Thatcher unsuccessfully attempted to lead the EC, in cooperation with Germany and France, into formalising foreign policy coordination. In the second phase, Thatcher withheld her commitment to the ongoing talks until the shape of the SEA had become clear, while the Foreign Secretary and diplomats were negotiating the clauses of the SEA. Using the SEA as a lens makes it possible to comment on the broader theme of Margaret Thatcher’s views on European integration and adds a puzzle piece to the history of the relationship between the UK and the EC. i Acknowledgements The popular perception of what it means to “do a Ph.D.” could not be further from the truth. Researching and writing a Ph.D. does not mean sitting in a room and thinking big thoughts. On the contrary, Ph.D. research is a team effort in an endeavour to discover a grain of knowledge and take a minuscule step in advancing the knowledge of a chosen field. My Ph.D. certainly was a team effort. This Ph.D. research could never have happened without the marvellous help of many people who have tirelessly supported me – and who deserve my heartfelt thanks. First of all, I would like to thank my wife for her loving support. I am more grateful to have had her with me on this journey than I can express. I could not have done this without her. She kept me sane. We have fond memories of shared trips to archives and drafting sessions of chapters. My friend and supervisor, Professor Helen Parr, has instilled in me a curiosity about the politics of the UK in the EU. I have learned that knowing the British experience holds many fascinating lessons for my home country, Switzerland. Helen has been unwavering in her support of my research, in encouraging me to hone my analysis, write better and in helping me to bring this Ph.D. dissertation to the finishing line. Her insightful comments and detailed feedback on countless drafts always reflected her great sense of humour and optimism about the world. I shall never forget our many great conversations and her constant encouragement at all stages of my research and teaching journey. I would also like to thank my second supervisor, Dr Elisabeth Carter, for her careful reading of texts, detailed comments and helpful suggestions during the course of my Ph.D. research. Teaching students about the EU and international organisations was a hugely rewarding experience. The School of Social, Political and Global Studies (SPGS) became my home during these three and a half years. I am grateful for their fully funding my Ph.D. research with a scholarship and a Graduate Teaching Assistant position. I also received generous funding for many trips to archives. After my Graduate Teaching Assistant contract expired, I was hired by Dr Rebecca Richards as sessional teacher. I am also grateful that I was permitted to study for the Postgraduate Certificate in Teaching and Learning in Higher Education and to become an associate fellow of the Higher Education Academy. I am especially grateful to Professor Robert Ladrech and Dr Rebecca Richards for their guidance and support at all stages of my teaching journey. I would also like to thank Dr Philip Catney, Dr Gemma Loomes, Dr Lorna Lloyd as well as Professors Brian Doherty, Bulent Gokay and John Vogler. Many thanks also go to my fellow Ph.D. students Eleonora Natale, Matt Jones, Grant Mitchell, Phil Morgan, and Rosie West. A special thank you goes to our liaison librarian Jane Shaw, who generously ordered many additions to the Keele library. I am ii grateful to all the SPGS and Keele University staff and students for their many small and large acts of kindness. No archival research would be possible without access to well-catalogued archival sources. Archival research can be an overwhelming experience. Being able to access and navigate both the catalogue and the material is key. Firstly, I would like to thank Georges Saunier for intervening on my behalf to convince the French National Archives to finally process my application for a dérogation. Because of his intervention, I was granted access to a few selected files – after two applications and two and a half years of waiting. I’d also like to thank Sébastien Studer for his help with preparing my visit. Secondly, I’d like to thank Michelle Bleidt for helping me to research catalogues and for preparing a large amount of material for my visit to the Bundesarchiv. Thirdly, at the Auswärtigen Amt I’d like to thank Knud Piening and Thomas Hermeling for preparing a lot of files for my visit. Fourthly, at the Centre des Archives Diplomatiques du Ministère des Affaires Étrangères I’d like to thank Gervaise Delaunay and Sylvie Prudon for their help. Fifthly, in the UK I’d like to thank Jeremy McIlwaine, at the Conservative Party Archives, Andrew Riley, who looks after the Thatcher papers at the Churchill Archives Centre, Chris Collins of the Margaret Thatcher Foundation, and the fantastic team of archivists at the National Archives. Sixthly, I’d like to thank Colin Mackie, who wrote the British Diplomats Directory, for giving pointers about the organisation of the FCO and helping me with the organigram in Appendix Four. Seventhly, I’d like to thank Mary Carr, Valérie Mathevon and Pandelis Nastos, at the Historical Archives of the European Union, for their help with my research in Florence. I would also like to thank my English teacher in Switzerland for taking the time to read and comment in great detail on my work. His observations on aspects that I had overlooked, or not explained well, as well as his suggestions for better ways to express myself were absolutely invaluable. Many thanks also to our friends Sally and John Harte for their input and many great conversations. All remaining mistakes and inelegant formulations are of course mine. Last but not least, I’d like to thank the members of the research community who in personal conversations and at conferences have been very welcoming and encouraged me to take part in the debate on the history and the politics of Britain and the EU. My special thanks go to Dr Lindsay Aqui, Dr James Ellison, Dr Matthias Haeussler and Professor N. Piers Ludlow. iii List of abbreviations AN Archives Nationales (French National Archives) BArch Bundesarchiv der Bundesrepublik Deutschland BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BBQ British Budget Question BDOHP British Diplomatic Oral History Programme CAP Common Agricultural Policy CBI Confederation of British Industry CEO Chief Executive Officer COREPER Committee of Permanent Representatives CSCE Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe DOE Department for Education DTI Department of Trade and Industry EAEC European Atomic Energy Community EC European Community/ies ECJ European Court of Justice ECOFIN Economic and Financial Affairs Council ECSC European Coal and Steel Community ECU European Currency Unit EDC European Defence Community EDG European Democratic Group EEC European Economic Community EESC European Economic and Social Committee EI (E) European Integration (External) department at the FCO EI (I) European Integration (Internal) department at the FCO EMS European Monetary System EMU Economic and Monetary Union ERDF European Regional Development Fund ERM Exchange Rate Mechanism ERT European Round Table of Industrialists EP European Parliament EPC European Political Cooperation EQ (O) Cabinet Official Committee on European Questions EQ (S) European Questions Steering Group EU European Union FAC Foreign Affairs Council FCO Foreign and Commonwealth Office (Foreign Office) FRG Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GDP Gross Domestic Product HC House of Commons HL House of Lords HO Home Office IGC Intergovernmental Conference INF Intermediate-Range Nuclear Force Treaty IMF International Monetary Fund ITN Independent Television News MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries MCA Monetary Compensation Amounts MEP Member of the European Parliament MP Member of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Internal British Debates in the Late 1980S on Germany's Potential
    Internal British Debates in the Late 1980s on Germany’s Potential Reunification 225 Chapter 8 “Say One Thing and Think Another:” Internal British Debates in the Late 1980s on Germany’s Potential Reunification Liviu Horovitz During the 1980s, no one within the British government welcomed Germany’s probable and irresistible reunification. On this very issue, “we have to say one thing and think another,” Charles Powell, the prin- cipal foreign policy advisor to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, not- ed already in 1984.1 He articulated what many within the UK’s chan- celleries wrote in various memos, reports, and summaries of discussions throughout the decade. The Cold War status quo suited the United Kingdom well, but Brit- ish officials concluded it was unsustainable. Soviet power was slowly waning. Without this constraint, the Germans were bound to seek to live together. British planners believed that the Americans, slowly moving away from Europe, were going to become less invested on the continent. Hence, the most likely outcome was a less constrained Ger- man state at the center of Europe. Britain’s interests would be harmed, and London’s leverage to avert such result would be limited. A major- ity argued that novel, creative, or radical policy solutions were need- ed. And yet, as newly declassified documents attest, UK policymakers concluded that others would pull Britain’s chestnuts out of the fire. Many claimed that France would oppose German reunification. Most important, however, was the mainstream view: the Soviet Union, in spite of its worsening situation, would once again let its tanks roll into Eastern European capitals rather than see Germany unified.
    [Show full text]
  • ST ANTONY's SERIES General Editor: Alex Pravda, Fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford Recent Titles Include: Mark D. Alleyne
    ST ANTONY'S SERIES General Editor: Alex Pravda, Fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford Recent titles include: Mark D. Alleyne INTERNATIONAL POWER AND INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION Craig Brandist CARNIVAL CULTURE AND THE SOVIET MODERNIST NOVEL Sir Alec Cairncross MANAGING THE BRITISH ECONOMY IN THE 1960s: A Treasury Perspective Alex Danchev and Thomas Halverson (editors) INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE YUGOSLAV CONFLICT Anne Deighton (editor) BUILDING POSTWAR EUROPE: National Decision-Makers and European Institutions, 1948-63 Reinhard Drifte JAPAN'S FOREIGN POLICY IN THE 1990s: From Economic Superpower to What Power? Jane Ellis THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH, 1985-94 Y Hakan Erdem SLAVERY IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND ITS DEMISE, 1800-1909 João Carlos Espada SOCIAL CITIZENSHIP RIGHTS: A Critique of F. A. Hayek and Raymond Plant Christoph Gassenschmidt JEWISH LIBERAL POLITICS IN TSARIST RUSSIA, 1900-14: The Modernization of Russian Jewry Amitzur Ilan THE ORIGINS OF THE ARAB-ISRAELI ARMS RACE: Arms, Embargo, Military Power and Decision in the 1948 Palestine War Leroy Jin MONETARY POLICY AND THE DESIGN OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN CHINA, 1978-90 Matthew Jones BRITAIN, THE UNITED STATES AND THE MEDITERRANEAN WAR, 1942-44 Dae Hwan Kim and Tat Yan Kong (editors) THE KOREAN PENINSULA IN TRANSITION Anthony Kirk-Greene and Daniel Bach (editors) STATE AND SOCIETY IN FRANCOPHONE AFRICA SINCE INDEPENDENCE Jaroslav Kerjčí and Pavel Machonin CZECHOSLOVAKIA, 1919-92: A Laboratory for Social Change Iftikhar H. Malik STATE AND CIVIL SOCIETY IN PAKISTAN: Politics of Authority, Ideology and Ethnicity Javier Martínez-Lara BUILDING DEMOCRACY IN BRAZIL: The Politics of Constitutional Change, 1985-95 Leslie McLoughlin IBN SAUD: Founder of a Kingdom J.
    [Show full text]
  • A 'Special Relationship'?
    A ‘special relationship’? prelims.p65 1 08/06/2004, 14:37 To Karin prelims.p65 2 08/06/2004, 14:37 A ‘special relationship’? Harold Wilson, Lyndon B. Johnson and Anglo- American relations ‘at the summit’, 1964–68 Jonathan Colman Manchester University Press Manchester and New York distributed exclusively in the USA by Palgrave prelims.p65 3 08/06/2004, 14:37 Copyright © Jonathan Colman 2004 The right of Jonathan Colman to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Published by Manchester University Press Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9NR, UK and Room 400, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk Distributed exclusively in the USA by Palgrave, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA Distributed exclusively in Canada by UBC Press, University of British Columbia, 2029 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z2 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for ISBN 0 7190 7010 4 hardback EAN 978 0 7190 7010 5 First published 2004 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Typeset by Freelance Publishing Services, Brinscall www.freelancepublishingservices.co.uk Printed in Great Britain by Biddles Ltd, King’s Lynn prelims.p65 4 08/06/2004, 14:37 Contents Acknowledgements page vi Abbreviations vii Introduction 1 1 The approach to the summit 20 2 The Washington summit, 7–9 December 1964 37 3 From discord to cordiality, January–April 1965 53 4 ‘A battalion would be worth a billion’? May–December 1965 75 5 Dissociation, January–July 1966 100 6 A declining relationship, August 1966–September 1967 121 7 One ally among many, October 1967–December 1968 147 Conclusion: Harold Wilson and Lyndon B.
    [Show full text]
  • Sir Stephen Wall, GCMG, Interviewed by Thomas Raineau (Université De Paris-Sorbonne)
    1 BDOHP Biographical details and index Sir John Stephen WALL, GCMG 2004 (KCMG 1996; CMG 1990); LVO 1983 (Born 10 January 1947) Career outline with, on right, relevant page numbers in the oral history to the career stage: Entry to Diplomatic Service, 1968 pp 4-5 Addis Ababa, 1969–72 - Private Secretary to HM Ambassador, Paris, 1972–74 pp 8-10 First Secretary, FCO, 1974–76 pp 10-12 Press Officer, No 10 Downing Street, 1976–77 - Assistant Private Secretary to Foreign Secretary, 1977–79 pp 13-18 First Secretary, Washington, 1979–83 pp 20-23 Asst Head, later Head, European Community Dept, FCO, 1983–88 pp 23-27 Private Secretary to Foreign Secretary, 1988–90 pp 27-29 Private Secretary to the Prime Minister, 1991–93 pp 29-30 Ambassador to Portugal, 1993–95 pp 32-33 Ambassador and UK Perm. Rep. to EU, Brussels, 1995–2000 pp 34-39 Head of European Secretariat, Cabinet Office, and EU Adviser pp 39-44 to the Prime Minister, 2000–04 2 Sir Stephen Wall, GCMG, interviewed by Thomas Raineau (Université de Paris-Sorbonne) Part 1. Tuesday 14 December 2010. 11.15am. London, The Wolseley Part 2. Tuesday 28 February 2012. 3.00 pm. London, The Wallace Restaurant Copyright: Sir Stephen Wall TR: First of all Sir Stephen, let me thank you one more time for accepting this interview. If you agree with this procedure, we will go through your career chronologically, and try to deal with some particular points and questions about the overall architecture of the European machinery that exist in Whitehall.
    [Show full text]
  • Eui Working Papers of the European Policy Unit
    EUI WORKING PAPERS OF THE EUROPEAN POLICY UNIT EUI Working Paper EPU No. 90/1 EPIC and the Single Act: From Soft Law to Hard Law? RENAUD DEHOUSSE and JOSEPH H.H. WEILER ropean University Institute, Florence European iyiLibrary i~i~ivi~ii i EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE, FLORENCE ooa. oa.. 0960 , EUROPEAN POLICY UNIT EUI Working Paper EPU No. 90/1 EPC and the Single Act: From Soft Law to Hard Law? RENAUD DEHOUSSE and .JOSEPH H.H. WEILER Please note As from January 1990 the EUI Working Paper Series is divided into six sub-series, each sub-series will be numbered individually (e.g. EUI Working Paper ECO No 90/1). The authors are grateful to Chantal Goéminne, Joerg Monar and Klaus- Dieter Stadler for their help in the preparation of this paper. They are particularly indebted to Sir Julian Bullard for a number of useful comments on a first draft. Naturally, the responsibility for any omission or erroneous interpretation remains entirely theirs. BADIA FIESOLANA, SAN DOMENICO (FI) All rights reserved. No part of this paper may be reproduced in any form without permission of the authors. The European Policy Unit The European Policy Unit at the European University Institute was created to further three main goals. First, to continue the development of the European University Institute as a forum for critical discussion of key items on the Community agenda. Second, to enhance the documentation available to scholars of European affairs. Third, to sponsor individual research projects on topics of current interest to the European Communities. Both as in-depth background studies and as policy analyses in their own right, these projects should prove valuable to Community policy-making.
    [Show full text]
  • Political and Personal: Gorbachev, Thatcher and the End of the Cold War
    45 Political and Personal: Gorbachev, Thatcher and the End of the Cold War Witness Remarks Andrei GRACHEV The “special relationship” between Mikhail Gorbachev and Margaret Thatcher un- doubtedly played an essential role in the process of rapprochement and the building of understanding between the new Soviet leadership and the leaders of the major Western powers. During the years of perestroika this singular mix of politics and personal chemistry originally came about as one of those accidents of history. The British Prime Minister was the only a major Western leader who had the chance to meet this untypical future Soviet General Secretary before he was elected officially to that post; a representative of the new political generation, it was still by no means certain that he would be chosen.1 For Gorbachev, it really was only by chance in late 1984 that Thatcher became his first top-level Western contact. Having succeeded Mikhail Suslov as chief ideol- ogist of the Politburo, he also inherited the role of Chairman of the Supreme Soviet Foreign Affairs Committee. It was largely accidental that this should have meant that he would lead a Supreme Soviet delegation to Britain. However, for Thatcher it was rather different. She was curious about Gorbachev and keen to meet him. Her interest had been aroused some time before, probably at the noted Chequers seminar on 8 September 1983 where Archie Brown pointed to him as a future General Secretary, describing him as an unusual Soviet political figure and certainly the most promising. According to the memoirs of Anatoly Chernyaev, who became Gorbachev’s prin- cipal assistant for international affairs (he remains the main source of first-hand in- formation about the development of this political “romance”), the story of the visit started quite prosaically at the end of September 1984.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Uk Foreign Policy in the Development of the Eastern European Sovereign Debt Crisis, 1970- 81
    USES OF THE PAST IN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS FROM HEATH TO THATCHER: THE ROLE OF UK FOREIGN POLICY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EASTERN EUROPEAN SOVEREIGN DEBT CRISIS, 1970- 81 Catherine LeFèvre UPIER WORKING PAPER Vol. 13 SEPTEMBER 2019 UPIER WORKING PAPER Vol. 13 Foreword UPIER Working Papers series reflects the Work in progress of the researchers associated With the HERA- funded Project Uses of the PaSt in InternaZonal Economic RelaZons and of others Whose papers directly address UPIER research themes. The papers are peer revieWed by UPIER and associated researchers and seek to advance our underStanding of hoW the past has been constructed and used in internaZonal economic relaonS over the Past 200 years. The vieWs expressed in this Working paper, and all errors and omissions, should be regarded as those solely of the authors and are not necessarily the vieWs of the affiliated instuons. For more inFormaZon on UPIER viSit: WWW.uPier.eu Author Catherine LeFèvre is finishing her PhD in the Economic and Social HiStory department at the University of GlasgoW. Through Wring her diSSertaon she is contribung to UPIER WP2 : Reputaon, RiSk and Moral Hazard in Sovereign Debt MarketS. Contact email addreSS: [email protected] 9/1/2019 From Heath to Thatcher: The role of UK Foreign policy in the 1 development of the Eastern European Sovereign Debt Crisis, 1970- 81 UPIER WORKING PAPER Vol. 13 Abstract The sovereign debt crisis of the 1980s Was a World debt crisis Which started in Eastern Europe in 1981 beFore spreading to other regions of the World.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Leeds Catalogue of the Correspondence and Papers of the Rt Hon Edward Charles Gurney Boyle, Baron Boyle of Handswo
    Handlist 81 part 2 UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS CATALOGUE OF THE CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS OF THE RT HON EDWARD CHARLES GURNEY BOYLE, BARON BOYLE OF HANDSWORTH, C H (1923 - 1981) Part 2 (Index) Leeds University Special Collections MS 660 Aaronovitch, David, Vice-President NUS: letter from, 50831 Abbott, Eric Symes, Dean of Westminster: correspondence, 48500, 48503 48898- 48900, 48902, 48904, 49521, 49524 Abbott, Frank, chairman ILEA: correspondence, 38825, 47821-2 Abbott, Gill, chairman Liverpool NUS Committee: correspondence, 26830-3, 26839, 26841 Abbott, J R, secretary Nottingham & District Manufacturers' Association: letter from, 26638 Abbott, Joan, sociologist: correspondence, 8879, 8897, 8904 Abbott, Simon, Editor Race: correspondence, 37667-9, 47775-6 Abbott, Stephen: paper by, 23426, 23559 Abbott, Walter M, Editor America: letter from, 4497 Abel, Deryck, Free Trade Union : correspondence, 3144, 3148 Abel, K A, Clerk Dorset CC: letter to Oscar Murton, 23695 Abel Smith, Henriette Alice: correspondence, 5618, 5627 Abercrombie, Nigel James: correspondence, 18906, 18924, 34258, 34268-9, 34275, 34282, 34292-3, 34296-8, 34302, 34305, 34307-8, 34318-20; Copy from Harold Rossetti, 34274; Copies correspondence with Sir Joseph Lockwood, 34298, 34303 Aberdare, 4th baron: see Bruce, Morys George Lyndhurst Abhyankhar, B, Indian Association: correspondence, 9951, 9954-6 Ablett, R G, Hemsworth High School, Pontefract: letter from, 45683 Abolition of earnings rule (widowed mothers): 14935, 14938 14973-4, 15015, 15034, 16074, 16100, 16375, 16386 Abortion:
    [Show full text]
  • Persian Gulf States
    1390_A8-A13 11/4/08 5:11 PM Page 226 330-383/B428-S/40005 Persian Gulf States 72. Memorandum of Conversation1 Washington, March 11, 1969. SUBJECT US–UK Talks—Persian Gulf PARTICIPANTS (Morning Session) UK US John Freeman—British Ambassador Joseph J. Sisco—Asst. Secretary, Geoffrey Arthur—Asst. Under Secretary, NEA Foreign Office Richard Pedersen—Counselor Sir Leslie Glass—Ambassador, Deputy Ambassador William Buffum— Permanent Rep., UKUN USUN Edward Tomkins—Minister, UK Embassy Rodger P. Davies—Deputy Asst. John Thomson—Counselor, Foreign Secretary, NEA Office Harold Saunders—White House Michael Wilford—Counselor, UK Elizabeth Brown—IO/UNP Embassy William Brewer—NEA/ARP Alan Urwick—First Secretary, UK Theodore Eliot—NEA/IRN Embassy Arthur Day—IO/UNP Stephen Egerton—First Secretary, John Gatch—NEA/ARP UK Embassy Mr. Arthur said that there was such a short time left during the morning session to discuss the Persian Gulf that he was prepared to come back in the afternoon with whomever was interested and con- sider the rest of the agenda. Mr. Sisco said he was extremely sorry that he could not come back in the afternoon but asked Mr. Arthur to give him a succinct statement on the Persian Gulf, which Mr. Arthur could expand on in the afternoon session. Mr. Arthur said he would be glad to do this, noting that the UK had only three specific questions it wanted to have answers to. These concerned: 1) US plans for MIDEASTFOR; 2) US views on Saudi policy; and 3) US plans for diplomatic representation in the Gulf. Mr. Arthur then said that the important thing to remember about the Persian Gulf is that it is the dividing line between the Persians and 1 Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1967–69, POL UK–US.
    [Show full text]
  • Research and Cultural Collections: An
    Research and Cultural Collections: An introduction Foreword 4 Introduction 6 The Danford Collection of West African Art and Artefacts 8 The Institute of Archaeology and Antiquity Museum 10 Collection of Historic Physics Instruments 12 The Biological Sciences Collection 14 Medical School Collection 16 The Silver and Plate Collection 18 University Heritage Collection 20 The Campus Collection of Fine and Decorative Art 22 What we do 28 Visit us 30 Map 30 Text by Clare Mullett, Assistant University Curator Acknowledgements: Karin Barber, Holly Grange, David Green, Graham Norrie, Jonathan Reinarz, Dave Roach, Gillian Shepherd, Chris Urwin, Sarah Whild, Robert Whitworth and Inga Wolf Graham Chorlton (b. 1953) View (detail). Acrylic and oil on canvas, 2008. The Danford Collection of West African Art and Artefacts 4 Research and Cultural Collections: An introduction Research and Cultural Collections Foreword by Dr James Hamilton, University Curator Following an initiative taken in 1991 by the then Vice- The germ from which all university collections develop is The University’s art collections grew from the 1960s Chancellor Sir Michael Thompson and the Registrar David the acknowledgement that objects can uniquely loosen through the dedication of a small number of determined Holmes, a survey was made of the miscellaneous groups the professor’s tongue and widen the understanding academics including Professors Janusz Kolbuszewski of pictures, sculpture, artefacts, and ceremonial objects of students. Research priorities change over time and and Anthony Lewis, Angus Skene and Kenneth Garlick. that were to be found in and around the University. it follows that the value of a particular collection to Together they laid the foundations of the collections with academics and students will correspondingly fluctuate.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Notes Introduction 1. See Kiran Klaus Patel (ed.) (2009) Fertile Ground for Europe? The History of European Integration and the Common Agricultural Policy since 1945 (Baden-Baden: Nomos); Ann-Christina Knudsen (2009) Farmers on Welfare: The Making of Europe’s Com- mon Agricultural Policy (Ithaca: Cornell University Press); Laurent Warlouzet and Tobias Witschke (2012) ‘The difficult path to an economic rule of law: European Competition Policy, 1950–91’ Contemporary European History, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 437–56. 2. Britain and Ireland were two of four countries that sought membership during the period examined by the book; the two other applicants were Denmark and Norway. However, while the central focus of this research is on the Commis- sion’s relations with Britain and Ireland within the framework of the enlargement question, references will be made to the positions of the Danish and Norwegian governments wherever a policy position diverged or converged. 3. For the most recent account of Britain’s European policy during this period, see Denise Dunne O’Hare (2013) Britain and the Process of European Integration: Continuity and Policy Change from Attlee to Heath (London: I. B. Tauris). 4. David Coombes (1970) Politics and Bureaucracy in the European Community: A Portrait of the European Commission (London: Allen & Unwin). 5. Coombes, Politics and Bureaucracy in the European Community, p. 326. 6. Michel Dumoulin (2006) (ed.) The European Commission, 1958–72: History and Memories (Brussels: European Commission). 7. Jan van der Harst (2006) ‘Enlargement: the Commission seeks a role for itself’ in Dumoulin (ed.), The European Commission, pp. 533–56.
    [Show full text]
  • Far Apart but Close Together
    1 Far Apart but Close Together A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of the Career Structure and Organisational Culture of the Post-War British Diplomatic Service. Michael J. Hughes and Roger H. Platt Abstract A good deal has been written about the organisation and structure of the British diplomatic establishment since 1945. This paper seeks to use detailed quantitative and qualitative data to help develop an understanding of the background and career trajectories of the most senior figures in the Diplomatic Service in 1975. By tracing their careers it is possible to identify more precisely than before the changing educational and social background of these individuals when compared with previous generations of diplomats. The paper also examines certain core features of the culture of the diplomatic establishment during the post-war decades, analysing how it both shaped and was shaped by particular structures and practices. The paper argues that, despite the existence of a peripatetic career structure that dispersed members of the diplomatic establishment around the globe, there were still numerous opportunities for the kinds of personal contact necessary to maintain an integrated culture. 1 2 During the three decades following the end of the War against the Axis powers, British governments faced a complex and evolving set of issues when managing their country’s external relations. Although both the nature and extent of British ‘decline’ has been questioned by historians,1 the unmistakeable shift in global hard power towards the two
    [Show full text]