Silent Running (Naves Misteriosas) De Douglas Trumbull Versió Original En Anglès Subtitulada

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Silent Running (Naves Misteriosas) De Douglas Trumbull Versió Original En Anglès Subtitulada Associació Cultural Granollers Dimarts Singulars Dimarts 8 de novembre / 20 hores 2016 Centre Cultural de Granollers Silent Running (Naves misteriosas) de Douglas Trumbull Versió original en anglès subtitulada Fitxa tècnica: Fitxa artística: Guió: Deric Washburn, Michael Cimino, Steve Bochco Bruce Dern, Cliff Potts, Ron Rifkin, Jesse Vint, Steven Brown, Música: Peter Schickele (cançons: Joan Baez) / Fotografia: Larry Whisenhunt, Cheryl Sparks, Mark Persons Charles F. Wheeler / Any: 1972 / Durada: 89 minuts SINOPSI. En una estació espacial, un científic (Bruce Dern) és el responsable de mantenir amb vida les últimes espècies botàniques de la Terra, però rep l’ordre de destruir-les. EL DIRECTOR. Douglas Trumbull (Los Angeles, 1942). Els primers treballs de Trumbull amb la NASA i el realitzador Con Pe- derson atreuen l’atenció d’Stanley Kubrick i el compromet per a la realització dels efectes especials de la seva pel·lícula 2001: A Space Odyssey (2001: Una odissea de l’espai). Entre altres tècniques que posa a punt per a la pel·lícula, Trumbull adapta l’Slit-scan (tècnica mecànica que permet obtenir animacions psicodèliques) per a aquesta pel·lícula. Llavors, el 1971, realitza el seu primer llargmetratge, la pel·lícula Silent Running, en la qual utilitzarà un cert nombre de tècniques visuals i mecàniques desenvolupades per a 2001, però que no havia utilitzat. Les crítiques aclamen Silent Running, però el públic no respon, per una mala publicitat. Al final dels anys 1970 Trumbull treballa en els efectes especials de pel·lícules com Close Encounters of the Third Kind (Encontres a la tercera fase, 1977) i Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979). El 1981, és supervisor dels efectes visuals de la pel·lícula Blade Runner (1982). El 1983, realitza un segon llargmetratge de ciència-ficció,Brainstorm . Per a aquesta pel·lícula, inventa el procediment Showscan; aquest sistema té com a efecte millorar molt sensiblement la nitidesa i la llumi- nositat de la imatge i augmentar de manera espectacular el sentiment de realitat i de profunditat. Però desgraciadament, la pel·lícula és tacada per la mort de Natalie Wood i tindrà molt poc d’èxit en el cinema. També es va cuidar dels efectes a A tree of life (El arbol de la vida, 2011) de Terrence Mallick. Actualment desenvolupa sistemes visuals i mecànics per a parcs com Universal Studios amb atraccions com Back to the future o Star Tours (a Disneyland). Ha estat nominat cinc vegades als Oscars i ha rebut un Life-time achievement Oscar (recompensa atorgada per al conjunt d’una carrera artística). El geni i el talent de Douglas Trumbull són avui reconeguts i les pel·lícules de ciència ficció que ha dirigit són considerades com a models del gènere. CRÍTICA Financiada por los estudios Universal como parte de su apuesta por los films con sabor independiente a raíz del éxito de Buscando mi destino (1969), Naves misteriosas fue sacada adelante en menos de un mes por el novel director Douglas Trum- bull —responsable de parte de los efectos especiales de 2001: Una odisea del espacio— con un presupuesto relativamente modesto de sólo 1.3 millones de dólares —frente a los 11 millones que costó “2001” solo unos pocos años antes— a partir de una historia concebida por él mismo y desarrollada por Michael Cimino (más adelante ganador de un Oscar por El cazador, 1978) y Steven Bochco (creador para la televisión en los ochenta de Canción triste de Hill Street o La Ley de Los Ángeles). Estando Douglas Trumbull al frente de la realización era de esperar que los efectos especiales fueran excepcionales. En esta ocasión, su talento en el campo visual está complementado por el del también extraordinario John Dykstra (que más adelan- te sería pieza fundamental del éxito de Encuentros en la Tercera Fase, Star Wars o Battlestar Galactica). Las maquetas están trabajadas con un grado de detalle sobresaliente y la cámara consigue preciosos planos del bosque hidropónico con los ani- llos de Saturno al fondo, más allá de los acristalados techos de las naves. Trumbull utilizó el novedoso sistema de proyección frontal —estrenado en “2001…”— para crear las cúpulas geodésicas que albergaban los jardines. Dado el poco dinero con el que contaba, Trumbull consiguió construir con eficacia un entorno realista rodando en el interior de un avión de transporte abandonado (el auténtico Valley Forge). Por otro lado, los planos de la nave sobre la vastedad del espacio profundo enfatizan la impresión de confinamiento solitario, de existencia herméticamente sellada. Son escasas las películas de ciencia ficción que se centran en la sensación de aislamien- to. Robinson Crusoe en Marte (1964) fue una; Naves misteriosas es otra. En ambas, los protagonistas pasan la mayor parte de la historia alejados del contacto con otros hombres, pero su soledad siempre queda hasta cierto punto atemperada por la presencia indirecta de la civilización y la sociedad bajo la forma de los artefactos que les rodean. En el caso que nos ocupa, ese papel recae sobre los robots de los que Freeman acaba dependiendo y con los que establece una relación a mitad de camino entre la más cálida humanidad, la demencia y la desesperación. En lo que se refiere a la producción de la película, no fueron estos robots hijos de la última tecnología de efectos especiales, sino carcasas diseñadas por el veterano de Vietnam George McCart, amputado de piernas y brazos; en su interior se colocaba a actores igualmente mutilados que utilizaban sus muñones para articular los pies y brazos de los robots. Naves misteriosas es hija de su tiempo, no ya por su mensaje ecológi- co punteado por las canciones de Joan Baez, sino en la forma en que lo escenifica. Freeman Lowell representa a una especie de jardinero celestial vestido con una larga túnica; se alimenta exclusivamente de productos naturales en lugar de procesados y la cámara nos lo muestra rodeado de su jardín y los animales que lo habitan; sus compañeros de tripulación —los únicos otros seres humanos que aparecen— son unos idiotas insensibles a la belleza de la Naturaleza. Hay un encendido monólogo de Lowell haciendo vagas y sentimentales alusiones al “auténtico sabor”, el “verdadero aroma” y la superioridad de todo lo natural sobre la obra del hombre. En este sentido, Naves misteriosas pertenece a la serie de películas de los setenta en los que se presentaba un futuro “limpio”, de un perfeccionismo antiséptico dominado por la tecnofilia:Viaje alucinante, La amenaza de Andrómeda (1971), THX 1138 (1971) o La fuga de Logan (1976 ) son otros ejemplos de la misma tendencia. Dicho esto, el mensaje del film reviste más complejidad de lo que un visionado superficial puede revelar. En primer lugar, se puede asegurar que la película aboga sin contemplaciones por el conservacionismo, pero no llega a reducir su argumento a un eslogan del estilo “plante un árbol”. Al contrario, Naves misteriosas opta por exponer un conflicto moral complejo y ma- duro. Por ejemplo, el triple asesinato cometido por Lowell parece contradecir el análisis meramente ecologista. No estamos ante un noble héroe enfrentado a las malvadas fuerzas del establishment capitalista, sino ante un neurótico —psicótico en sus peores momentos— cuyo violento comportamiento no es más que un paso más en su inevitable descenso a los abismos de la locura. Se diría que el único propósito de Lowell es conservar el jardín para su propio disfrute, como refugio contra su inestabilidad mental. A pesar de haber colaborado en “2001”, Trumbull quería lanzar un mensaje opuesto al de esa película. Los recuerdos del enloquecido ordenador HAL estaban muy recientes entre los aficionados, pero el director pensaba que la tecnología no era algo a lo que se debía temer. “Una de las cosas que quise hacer es mostrar a las máquinas como una herramienta que puede y debe permanecer bajo el control de los seres humanos, y no como una fuerza amenazadora y malevolente”, dijo en una entrevista de la época. De ahí los amables robots que salvan la vida a Lowell y conservan para la posterioridad el legado vivo de la Tierra. Blog, un universo de ficción (fragments) PROPERES SESSIONS 11 i 13 de novembre: Demain (Mañana, 2015), de Cyril Dion i Mélanie Laurent 18 i 20 de novembre: Le Tout Nouveau Testament (2015), de Jaco Van Dormael Petit Cineclub: 18 de novembre / 17.30 h i 20 de novembre / 17 h: The Secret of Kells (El secret del llibre de Kells, 2009), de Tomm Moore i Nora Twomey Dijous 10 de novembre: National Gallery (2015), de Frederick Wiseman, al Teatre Auditori de Granollers Associació Cultural Granollers AMB EL PATROCINI DE: EN CONVENI AMB: Almogàvers, 5 www.acgranollers.cat 08401 Granollers @ACGranollers T 93 861 55 98 AC Granollers [email protected] acgranollers.
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