27 Significant in Dover and its Environs ------Alan Brooks------tained glass is an important yet often hand in drawing out the full-scale cartoons for neglected branch of the applied arts, the two first windows in the Stone Hall, but Sperhaps because it is seen largely as this is highly unlikely to be the case for the outmoded church decoration. But in fact subsequent four windows, which were made stained glass windows can be seen as works of by the firm of Heaton, Butler & Bayne of art in their own right, and Dover and its London. immediate vicinity has very good and significant examples which deserve a close Details of these windows and their subject look. matter are recounted elsewherei. However, two comments are useful here. The Maison Dieu Hall Inevitably, the Maison Dieu Hall should be Poynter was well-known for his meticulous referred to at the outset because the glass here research and attention to detail in the subject is so impressive, and is unique. It matter of his art. It would be is among the best of the stained fascinating to learn of the sources glass in a municipal setting that he used for the designs for these survives in this country. The windows. One source, however, principal windows (in the Stone is clear. The first window in the Hall) were designed by one of series depicts the Embarkation of the country's leading artists of Henry VIII in 1520 for the Field the nineteenth century, Edward of the Cloth of Gold, and Poynter, who was knighted and elements of the design are became President of the Royal clearly derived from the painting Academy. The sketches for his of around 1550 showing this six large windows, which depict event which is on display at in stunning detail key points in Hampton Court Palace. the history of Dover, were produced in 1860 by Poynter at The second point of interest is an early stage in his career before that the Stained Glass Museum at his high reputation as an artist Ely holds the full-scale cartoon was established. The windows for one light of the final window were subsequently made as that was made, that showing the memorials between 1860 and Embarkation of Edward III in 1873 by two different firms. The 1359. This window was made in first two were produced by 1873 and the cartoon must have of Newcastle who been drawn close to that date. It had previously made the notable is the section depicting the Black figurative window above the Maison Dieu Cartoon 1873 Prince holding a banner, with Embarkation of Edward III entrance to the Hall in 1858. © Ely Stained Glass knights and seamen below. An It would seem that Poynter had a M useum article written about this 28 cartoonii describes how the cartoon, although (such as St Michael's Brighton), he carried out closely based on Poynter's original sketch secular designs such as those for Dover. His (which we do not have) is not a directly other major work on stained glass in a Town scaled-up and accurate version of it, but has Hall was for Croydon, 1896. evidence of being a work in progress, modifying the design in parts for translation The original cartoons for the Lonsdale into glass. These modifications were carried windows at Dover were discovered in an out by someone other than Poynter, hence the archive in 1982iii. It would appear that figure work being less convincing than in the Lonsdale produced the designs in two stagesiv. earlier windows. Firstly, in 1883, the central Finnis memorial window in the Council Chamber, and five There are other stained glass windows at the windows for the Connaught Hall. Then a Maison Dieu which are very competently further four windows for the Connaught Hall designed and executed, if not as exciting in (only two of which were carried out), subject matter as the Poynter windows. instructions to make designs approved in early 1892 followed closely by the Dickeson There are three windows in the Council and Adcock windows in the Council Chamber, Chamber depicting royal figures. The central approved in May 1892. window dates from 1884 and the outer two windows from 1892. In the Connaught Hall Stained Glass in Local Churches are a further seven figure windows depicting The nearest example of medieval stained glass seventeen Constables of Dover Castle and to Dover is at St Martin's Church at Cheriton, installed between 1884 and 1908. Folkestonev. Here there is a small but very good representation of the Trinity in Plans for the restoration of the Stone Hall from the early 14 th century. This is relatively were drawn up by Ambrose Poynter, then rare because this image was a target for the taken over by and carried out Puritans, and indeed here the head of God has in 1860-61. Burges later drew up plans for been restored at some stage. further work including the Mayor's Parlour and what was to become the Connaught Hall. St Peter & St Paul Church in Temple Ewell has On his untimely death in 1881 the work was some impressive colourful 17th century Swiss continued by Burges' partner RP Pullan, and stained glass, painted with enamel paints. The his office manager John Chapple. The Hall highlight is a wonderful depiction of the Flight was completed in 1883. Into Egypt, with Joseph carrying his woodworking tools and Mary on a donkey All the glass in the Council Chamber and the carrying the child Christ and wearing a Connaught Hall was designed by Horatio fashionable hat. Walter Lonsdale and made by Heaton, Butler & Bayne. Lonsdale had been Burges' chief This church has an east window depicting the designer and worked with him on many crucifixion of Christ by one of the masters of outstanding windows, such as some of those at stained glass of the first half of the 20th St Fin Barre's Cathedral, Cork, and Cardiff century, Martin Travers. The window has a Castle. At one point Burges had in fact sent simple beauty. Travers' drawings for this Lonsdale to EJ Poynter for lessons in figure window are dated 20 July 1948, just five days drawing. After Burges' death, Lonsdale before he died. The window was subsequently worked independently and as well as made by his principal assistant, Lawrence designing outstanding windows for churches Lee, and installed in the church in 1950. 29

The unexpected death of Martin Travers also The church at Charlton contains some affected work for St Andrew's church in interesting glass, the most striking of which is Buckland. As at Temple Ewell, the east end the high three-light east window depicting the had suffered war damage and Travers had Ascension of Christ with alongside St Peter been asked to design a new east window. His and St Paul with angels behind; and also the drawings for this were made in 1947. After his east window of the Lady Chapel which shows death, this became another project taken up the Annunciation with an angel with by , and he completed the enormous wings. Both windows date from window which was installed in 1949. It was 1952 and were designed by the architect made at the prestigious studios of Lowndes & responsible for the war damage repairs, Drury in Fulham, London. The window Kenneth Lindyvii. They were made by Joan depicts Christ flanked by St Augustine of Carter at her studio in Canterbury. The Canterbury and St Andrew, who is holding a windows are arresting and very colourful. The model of the church. Ascension window is successful, but the Annunciation window, which is overly Lawrence Lee (1909-2011) became the dramatic, rather less so. foremost stained glass artist in the country in the second half of the 20th century. He The Catholic church of St Paul dates from succeeded Travers as head of the stained glass 1868. It was victim to an arson attack in 1987 school at the Royal College of Art, and led the but fortunately most of its stained glass team that made the stained glass for Coventry survived. It contains several excellent Cathedral. He has a further early association Victorian windows including some figures re­ with Dover because while working for Travers set after wartime damage. But the highlight is he completed one of his first two independent a beautiful window at the east end of the designs for glass, south aisle, a rose consisting of six intersecting for a window circles and depicting the Virgin Mary and depicting St Christ. It was designed by John Trinick in Bartholomew, around 1950. Trinick was an exceptional made for St designer working in a late Arts & Crafts mode Bartholomew's who originated in Australia but trained in church in Dover. England and lived for a time after the war in This was designed Cliftonvilleviii. Unfortunately the west rose in October 1946, window, also by Trinick, was lost in the arson and the window attack. was dedicated in December 1948vi. There is a variety of interesting stained glass The church was in St Mary-the-Virgin Parish Church, of which later demolished the best is post-warix. The east window is a and in 1974 the large three-light window with a separate figure of St additional light on either side. It depicts the Bartholomew was ascended Christ surrounded by linked re-set in the south with the town, and local coats of arms. At its transept of the base are nicely painted views of the Maison church of St Peter Dieu, Dover Castle, St Mary's, the Old St Dover St Andrews Buckland & St Paul James' church, and the White Cliffs. The East W in d o w St A n d re w Holding Model of the Church Charlton, along window dates from 1955 and is by the studios Martin Travers 1947 with other figures. of AK Nicholson of London. 30

There are two other Nicholson windows, both from 1958. In the Lady Chapel is a two-light window (designed by GER Smith) depicting King Alfred the Great, patron of learning, and Hubert de Burgh, Constable of Dover Castle and benefactor of the Maison Dieu hostelry for pilgrims. Again, at the base is the Nicholson trademark of related scenes using just paint and stain on clear glass, and here showing a scene of early education under the Market Hall, and a scene of monks tending the sick in the Maison Dieu. The other window is the single-light Sea Farers window in the south chancel with a marvellous depiction of the TSS Invicta. There are three other windows related to the sea in the church, and it is instructive to compare the different ways in which the difficult technique of depicting the sea in glass is achieved.

The Cinque Ports Pilots' window, Dover St Marys Air Sea Rescue W indow Goddard & commemorating mariners who guide ships in G ibbs 1980 the Dover Strait, dates from around 1988. Second World War memorial to those members of the Air Sea Rescue and Marine The two-light Air Sea Rescue window is a Craft Sections of the RAF who died in the

D over St Pauls South A isle East W in d o w John Trinick c1950 Dover St Marys East W indow AK Nicholson 1955 31 conflict. Its central section is full of colour, life shows St Cecilia (1960), and finally a window and movement, and is an excellent example showing Christ with children (1962). (dating from 1980) of the work of the London firm of Goddard & Gibbs, which sadly ceased Other good glass in this church includes a trading in 2006. window in 13th century style by the eminent artist Eddie Nuttgens, which is an early work Finally, the two-light Zeebrugge window is a of his of 1927 carried out for Powells of memorial to the 193 people who lost their Whitefriars, and depicting a scene from the lives when the Townsend Thoresen (now life of St Margaret. P&O) ferry 'Herald of Free Enterprise' capsized off Zeebrugge in March 1987. The Finally, a brief mention of glass at St Martin of window was unveiled exactly a year laterx and Tours, Guston. Here there is an unusual was designed by the eminent stained glass window, a one-light depiction of the Good artist Frederick Cole who at the time lived in Samaritan in memory of Alderman FW Shepherdswell. The main image in the Prescott who was killed in Whitehall in window is Christ Stilling the Waves, but there London in 1919xii. It was designed by Miss is also below an accurate depiction of the ferry Olive Langley, a relative of his who had been involved in the tragedy. an art student, and was made in 1922 at the London studios of Lowndes & Drury. It is a The Zeebrugge disaster is also minor example of arts & crafts work which commemorated by a stained glass window at has clearly been repaired in places over the the church of St Margaret of Antioch at St years, but it has a nice representation of a city Margaret-at-Cliffe near Dover, where an in the background. annual service of commemoration is held. The striking three-light window was designed This has been an account of some of the most by John Lawson of Goddard & Gibbs who interesting stained glass in Dover and made it in 1988xi. The window is a tribute in immediate vicinity. There were other particular to three men from the village who significant windows in the area which have died in the tragedy, Robert Crone, Bryan regretfully been lost over the years: for example Eades and Graham Evans. The Kent Invicta good James Powell windows in the Dining symbol is included, as well as the badges of Room at Waterloo Crescent and in the Royal the Merchant Navy and the Kent Fire Brigade. Victoria Hospital, and a large window of 1864 by Heaton, Butler & Bayne made for St James' The church also contains three single-light Church (badly damaged in the war and later windows by Goddard & Gibbs, which are all demolished) and which had been exhibited at very attractive. The Emden memorial the South Kensington Museum (now the V&A). depicting Dorcas (1956) replaces a window However, there is much glass remaining in the destroyed in the war: the Jewell memorial Dover area that is well worth studying. i For example in 'Maison Dieu Dover: July 1883, 23rd Feb 1892 and 13th May Journal of Stained Glass Vol XXII, 1998 A History of Dover Tbwn Hall' by Derek 1892 ix 'Welcome to St Mary's': visitor's guide Leach: The Dover Society 2013 v Folkestone, Hythe, Sandgate & to the church ii 'Cartoon by Sir EJ Poynter' in the Cheriton Herald 8th Sept 1923 x The Guardian 7th March 1988 Stained Glass Friends Newsletter, vi Dover Express 10th Dec 1948 xi Church Building magazine winter/ Summer 2010, by Kate Lycett vii The Builder 19th October 1951 spring 1988 iii Dover Express June 25, 1982 viii 'John Ttinick (1890-1974)- Master of xii Dover Express 8th Dec 1922 iv Dover Express 2nd Feb 1883, 13th Stained Glass' by Stefan Reynolds in the