THE PATER NOSTER and the LAITY in ENGLAND C.700

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

THE PATER NOSTER and the LAITY in ENGLAND C.700 THE PATER NOSTER AND THE LAITY IN ENGLAND c.700 - 1560 WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON THE CLERGY’S USE OF THE PRAYER TO STRUCTURE BASIC CATECHETICAL TEACHING ANNA EDITH GOTTSCHALL A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH SCHOOL OF ENGLISH, DRAMA AND AMERICAN AND CANADIAN STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM NOVEMBER 2014 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. At present no scholar has provided an in-depth study into the dissemination of the Pater Noster outside the clerical sphere. This thesis provides a detailed consideration of the ways in which the Pater Noster was taught to the laity in medieval England. It explores the central position of the prayer in the lay curriculum, the constitutions which played a fundamental role in its teaching, and the methods by which it was disseminated. Clerical expositions of the prayer and its tabular and diagrammatic representations are examined to consider the material available to assist the clergy in their pedagogical role. The ways in which material associated with the Pater Noster was modified and delivered to a lay audience provides an important component in the holistic approach of this thesis. The thesis itself proposes that the prayer was widely known and recited, drawing on a variety of mediums in which it was presented to the laity. These include sermon material, which would have been delivered in the vernacular; the recitation of Paternosters, an earlier version of the conventional rosary; the performance of the Pater Noster plays in the northern locations of York, Beverley and Lincoln; and representations of the prayer in wall paintings. This work is dedicated to the memory of my father Karl Franz Gottschall (26th April 1927 - 28th June 2000) So many people have been influential and supportive in the creation of this thesis. I would like to make particular mention of my mother, Christine, who has been a tower of strength and inspiration throughout my study. When my confidence has wavered she has always been there to lead me back onto the right path and to encourage me onwards. I would also like to mention my daughter, Heidi, who I hope will be extremely proud of what her mommy has achieved. LIST OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to offer thanks to the Hilton Shepherd Postgraduate Centre for Medieval Studies at the University of Birmingham, the Bibliographical Society and the C.C. Walker Charity for their financial support during the undertaking of this research. A debt of gratitude is owed to my supervisor Professor Wendy Scase. This document is testament to her support, guidance and expertise. I would also like to thank other members of the academic staff at the University of Birmingham, especially David Griffith, Robert Swanson and Philippa Semper. The administrative staff at the University also deserves thanks, especially Michelle Cullen. I have also received assistance from academics based further afield. My thanks are given to Orietta da Rold, Philippa Hoskins, Miriam Gill, Ruth Kennedy, Niamh Pattwell, Sue Powell, Kathryn Rudy, Kathryn Vulic, Margaret Connolly and Vincent Gillespie. I would also like to thank anyone I have failed to mention by name who has contributed to this study. I have obtained images from the following institutions: Gray’s Inn, London; Bodleian Library, Oxford; University Library, Cambridge; British Library, London; Yale University Library, New Haven; Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich; Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal, Paris; and Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. I would like to specifically thank Colin Harris and Bruce Barker-Benfield at the Bodleian Library for their assistance. I have also received responses and contributions from the British Museum, Victoria and Albert Museum, Museum of London (especially the Museum of London Archaeology Service and the London Archaeological Archive and Research Centre), Fitzwilliam Museum, Canterbury Museum, Canterbury Archaeological Trust, Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum and the Ashmolean Museum. The access provided to records and artefacts, especially in relation to prayer beads, has been invaluable. I would like to thank Alison Spedding for her support and advice in the production of this document and David Higgins for the design of the bookplate. In addition, I would also like to thank Nicola Taylor, the College of Arts and Law Academic Writing Advisor, and Mike Harrison, from Orchid Copyediting, for sharing their time and expertise. Finally, I would like to thank my mother and my friends for their support, encouragement and tolerance over the last few years. CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS i A NOTE ON TERMINOLOGY ii LIST OF PLATES AND FIGURES iii PREFACE vii INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER ONE - LAY KNOWLEDGE OF THE PATER NOSTER 9 CHAPTER TWO - THE PATER NOSTER IN THE CHURCH’S LAY CURRICULUM 26 CHAPTER THREE - WRITTEN TEACHING RESOURCES FOR THE CLERGY: ORTHODOX 43 EXPOSITIONS OF THE PATER NOSTER CHAPTER FOUR - VISUAL TEACHING RESOURCES FOR THE CLERGY: THE PATER 67 NOSTER IN WHEEL DIAGRAMS AND TABLES CHAPTER FIVE - THE PATER NOSTER, PRAYER BEADS AND LAY DEVOTION 97 CHAPTER SIX - THE PATER NOSTER IN DRAMATIC PERFORMANCES 133 CHAPTER SEVEN - THE PATER NOSTER AND WALL PAINTINGS AND TABULAE 156 CHAPTER EIGHT - SUPERSTITION AND INVERSIONS OF THE PATER NOSTER 186 CHAPTER NINE - HETERODOX APPROPRIATIONS OF THE PATER NOSTER 209 CONCLUSION 235 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 - THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SEPTENARIES 246 LIST OF WORKS CITED MANUSCRIPT SOURCES AND RECORDS 251 PRIMARY SOURCES 253 SECONDARY SOURCES 258 ABBREVIATIONS BIHR Borthwick Institute of Historical Research (York) c. Circa d. Died f. Folio ff. Folios fl. Flourished MS Manuscript PL Patrologia Latina PRO Public Record Office (London) TNA The National Archive (Kew) i A NOTE ON TERMINOLOGY ‘Pastoralia’ refers to the basic tenets of the Christian Church which were disseminated from the clergy, as part of their pastoral role, to the laity in numerous didactic works during the medieval periods. ‘Pater Noster’ refers to the Latin version of the prayer commonly known in the vernacular as the Our Father or Lord’s Prayer. The Latin text is as follows: Pater Noster, qui es in caelis, sanctificetur nomen tuum. Adveniat regnum tuum. Fiat voluntas tua, sicut in caelo et in terra. Panem nostrum quotidianum da nobis hodie, et dimitte nobis debita nostra sicut et nos dimittimus debitoribus nostris. Et ne nos inducas in tentationem, sed libera nos a malo. Amen. ‘Paternoster’ refers to a string of beads used to count the recitation of certain prayers, usually the Pater Noster alone or a combination that may include the Pater Noster, Ave Maria and Gloria Patri. ‘Table’ refers to a diagram presented in a tabula form in a manuscript context. ‘Tabulae’ refers to tables mounted in religious buildings for visual display. ii LIST OF PLATES AND FIGURES PLATES Plate 1: The Vernon Manuscript Pater Noster table, Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Eng. poet. a.1, fol. 231v (c.1390). Plate 2: The Wheel of Sevens diagram from the De Lisle Psalter, London, British Library, MS Arundel 83 II, fol. 129v (c.1310). FIGURES Figure 1: The left alignment of the Pater Noster in the Vernon Manuscript table. Figure 2: The Vernon Manuscript Pater Noster table unites three additional septenaries with the prayer. Figure 3: The vernacular connective phrases in the Vernon Manuscript Pater Noster table clearly link the petitions of the prayer to the remaining septenaries, creating individual narratives. Figure 4: The wheel of sevens diagram in the De Lisle manuscript presents the relationship between seven religious septenaries. Figure 5: The use of gold for the letter ‘P’ of ‘Pater’ in the De Lisle wheel of sevens diagram indicates that it is the starting point for the text. Figure 6: Examples from the De Lisle wheel of sevens diagram showing connective phrases between radial segments Figure 7: The wheel of sevens diagram located in Cambridge, University Library, MS Gg.4.32, fol. 12v (c.1317). Figure 8: Examples of connective phrases between radial segments in the wheel of sevens diagram in Cambridge, University Library, MS Gg.4.32, fol. 12v. Figure 9: In the Vernon Manuscript Pater Noster table the same colour ink is used for the Latin prayer and the vernacular gloss. Figure 10: In the Vernon Manuscript Pater Noster table noting the script and colour used for the Latin prayer text and the vernacular connective phrases. Figure 11: Pater Noster diagram in London, British Library, MS Royal 1 B X, fol. 4r (thirteenth to fourteenth century). Figure 12: Pater Noster diagram in Oxford, St John’s College, MS 58, fol. 11 (fifteenth century). Figure 13: Depiction of Geoffrey Chaucer holding a string of prayer beads in British Library, MS Royal 17D.VI, f. 93v (c.1430-1440). Figure 14: Arnolfini Portrait by Jan van Eyck housed in The National Gallery in London (1434). iii Figure 15: A portrait, possibly of Margaret of Tewkesbury, housed in Oxford College Anon II, University of Oxford (c.1529). Figure 16: Amber prayer beads excavated from Waterford city centre (c.1250). Figure 17: Wooden prayer beads found in the carpenter’s cabin on the Mary Rose (pre-1545). Figure 18: Wooden prayer beads found on the deck of the Mary Rose (pre-1545). Figure 19: Boxwood prayer beads belonging to Henry VIII (pre-1530). Figure 20: Memorial brass of Alice and William Cobb and their son (1522) Figure 21: Memorial brass of Thomas and Emme Pownder (1525).
Recommended publications
  • The Early History of the Lord's Prayer
    The Early History of the Lord’s Prayer by Bernard Robinson What can we discover of the origin, early development and use of Christianity’s most famous Prayer? Earliest Versions of the Prayer: Matthew 6:9-13 Our Father who art in the heavens, Hallowed be thy name. Thy Kingdom come. Thy will be done on earth as it is in the heavens. Give [dos] us this day our epiousios bread, and forgive us our debts as we also have forgiven/ [hereby] forgive our debtors; and lead us not into temptation; but deliver us from evil/the evil one. [For thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory for ever. Amen.] Luke 11:2-4 Father, Hallowed be thy name, Thy Kingdom Come. Give [didou] us each day our epiousios bread, and forgive us our sins as we forgive every one who is indebted to us; and lead us not into temptation. Didache 8:2-3 Our Father who art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name. Thy Kingdom come. Thy will be done, on earth as it is in heaven. Give [dos] us this day our epiousios bread, and forgive us our debt as we also forgive our debtors; and lead us not into temptation; but deliver us from evil/the evil one. For thine is the power and the glory for ever. Why are there three differing forms? The simplest explanation is that Jesus taught his disciples this prayer, which was handed down orally and used liturgically. Each liturgical tradition preserved a slightly different wording, giving us these three versions.
    [Show full text]
  • Property Owner's List (As of 10/26/2020)
    Property Owner's List (As of 10/26/2020) MAP/LOT OWNER ADDRESS CITY STATE ZIP CODE PROP LOCATION I01/ 1/ / / LEAVITT, DONALD M & PAINE, TODD S 828 PARK AV BALTIMORE MD 21201 55 PINE ISLAND I01/ 1/A / / YOUNG, PAUL F TRUST; YOUNG, RUTH C TRUST 14 MITCHELL LN HANOVER NH 03755 54 PINE ISLAND I01/ 2/ / / YOUNG, PAUL F TRUST; YOUNG, RUTH C TRUST 14 MITCHELL LN HANOVER NH 03755 51 PINE ISLAND I01/ 3/ / / YOUNG, CHARLES FAMILY TRUST 401 STATE ST UNIT M501 PORTSMOUTH NH 03801 49 PINE ISLAND I01/ 4/ / / SALZMAN FAMILY REALTY TRUST 45-B GREEN ST JAMAICA PLAIN MA 02130 46 PINE ISLAND I01/ 5/ / / STONE FAMILY TRUST 36 VILLAGE RD APT 506 MIDDLETON MA 01949 43 PINE ISLAND I01/ 6/ / / VASSOS, DOUGLAS K & HOPE-CONSTANCE 220 LOWELL RD WELLESLEY HILLS MA 02481-2609 41 PINE ISLAND I01/ 6/A / / VASSOS, DOUGLAS K & HOPE-CONSTANCE 220 LOWELL RD WELLESLEY HILLS MA 02481-2609 PINE ISLAND I01/ 6/B / / KERNER, GERALD 317 W 77TH ST NEW YORK NY 10024-6860 38 PINE ISLAND I01/ 7/ / / KERNER, LOUISE G 317 W 77TH ST NEW YORK NY 10024-6860 36 PINE ISLAND I01/ 8/A / / 2012 PINE ISLAND TRUST C/O CLK FINANCIAL INC COHASSET MA 02025 23 PINE ISLAND I01/ 8/B / / MCCUNE, STEVEN; MCCUNE, HENRY CRANE; 5 EMERY RD SALEM NH 03079 26 PINE ISLAND I01/ 8/C / / MCCUNE, STEVEN; MCCUNE, HENRY CRANE; 5 EMERY RD SALEM NH 03079 33 PINE ISLAND I01/ 9/ / / 2012 PINE ISLAND TRUST C/O CLK FINANCIAL INC COHASSET MA 02025 21 PINE ISLAND I01/ 9/A / / 2012 PINE ISLAND TRUST C/O CLK FINANCIAL INC COHASSET MA 02025 17 PINE ISLAND I01/ 9/B / / FLYNN, MICHAEL P & LOUISE E 16 PINE ISLAND MEREDITH NH
    [Show full text]
  • Martin Luther
    \WORI(S, OF MARTIN LUTHER \ I •. ': •) WITH lNTRODUCTIONS AND NOTES THE PHILADELPHIA EDITION VOLUME SIX . e .MUHLEHBERG PRESS ~ Muhlenherg Press Philadelphia ' ''' 1,-,/ '! ,. ) COPYlllGtr.r, 1932, BY BoAllD or PuBuCATION, UNITJ:D LurlttaAM Cnuncx - IN A»ERIC,\ PRINTED JN USA FORMULA OF MASS AND COMMUNION. FOR THE CHURCH AT WITTENBERG [FORMULA MISSAE ET COMMUNIONIS PRO ECCLESIA WITTEMBERGENSIS] 1523 FORMULA MISSAE ET COMMUNIONIS 1523 INTRODUCTION Nicolaus Hausmann, pastor primarius of the Marien­ kirche at Zwickau and a most devoted friend of Luther, had written repeatedly to him requesting advice and direction in matters connected with church worship. One of these requests had been for an order for saying mass which would conform with the principles of the movement in which they both were so <leeply concerned. Luthre had replied more or less promptly to all of Haus­ mann's requests except the last, and only after repeated urg­ ing by letter, through Stephen Roth, who was studying theology at Wittenberg, and through other friends did Luther meet Hausmann's hope and plea. Luther sent Hausmann a copy of a pamphlet 011 another subject on November 13. 1523, and in the accompanying letter told him that he would send to him a copy of the form of mass which he proposed for the ttse of the Wittenberg church. This may have been ready for printing at the time of writing this letter, for a few weeks later, on December 4, Luther sent Hausmann a printed copy of the Formula mis­ sae et communionis pro ecclesia Wittembergensi. It reached him 011 December 11, and its arrival moved Hausmann to expressions of gratitude, joy, and satisfaction.
    [Show full text]
  • How Useful Are Episcopal Ordination Lists As a Source for Medieval English Monastic History?
    Jnl of Ecclesiastical History, Vol. , No. , July . © Cambridge University Press doi:./S How Useful are Episcopal Ordination Lists as a Source for Medieval English Monastic History? by DAVID E. THORNTON Bilkent University, Ankara E-mail: tdavid@bilkent.edu.tr This article evaluates ordination lists preserved in bishops’ registers from late medieval England as evidence for the monastic orders, with special reference to religious houses in the diocese of Worcester, from to . By comparing almost , ordination records collected from registers from Worcester and neighbouring dioceses with ‘conven- tual’ lists, it is concluded that over per cent of monks and canons are not named in the extant ordination lists. Over half of these omissions are arguably due to structural gaps in the surviving ordination lists, but other, non-structural factors may also have contributed. ith the dispersal and destruction of the archives of religious houses following their dissolution in the late s, many docu- W ments that would otherwise facilitate the prosopographical study of the monastic orders in late medieval England and Wales have been irre- trievably lost. Surviving sources such as the profession and obituary lists from Christ Church Canterbury and the records of admissions in the BL = British Library, London; Bodl. Lib. = Bodleian Library, Oxford; BRUO = A. B. Emden, A biographical register of the University of Oxford to A.D. , Oxford –; CAP = Collectanea Anglo-Premonstratensia, London ; DKR = Annual report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records, London –; FOR = Faculty Office Register, –, ed. D. S. Chambers, Oxford ; GCL = Gloucester Cathedral Library; LP = J. S. Brewer and others, Letters and papers, foreign and domestic, of the reign of Henry VIII, London –; LPL = Lambeth Palace Library, London; MA = W.
    [Show full text]
  • An Instructed Eucharist
    CHRIST CHURCH AN EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN THE DIOCESE OF EAST CAROLINA FOUNDED 1715, NEW BERN, NORTH CAROLINA Our Vision: To be a church that loves the way God Loves THE SIXTH SUNDAY AFTER PENTECOST July 21, 2019 - 10:00 AM An Instructed Eucharist When presented with an option to either “stand or kneel,” we hope you will choose the posture that is both comfortable and prayerful. Please be sure all cell phones are silenced. Restrooms are located in the Parish House, through the double doors at the front of the church and then to the left, between the kiosk and reception desk. Hearing assistance is available through our sound system on frequency 72.900mhz. Book of Common (BCP) and Hymnal pages are listed on the right. BCP: Book of Common Prayer (black), S or H: Hymnal 1982 (blue), WLP: Wonder, Love, and Praise (green), L: Lift Every Voice (red & black) Our weekly newsletter, the Messenger, is available at the entry doors. Please take one with you A NOTE ABOUT TODAY’S LITURGY… For 2,000 years, Christians of all ages have come together Sunday after Sunday (and sometimes other days of the week!) to worship God and to celebrate Jesus’ presence with us in the Holy Eucharist. Eucharist comes from a Greek word that means “thanksgiving.” Each week, we offer our thanks to God for all the things we have in our life and all the ways God loves us. The Eucharist is not something that only a priest does; it is something that we do together. It takes all of us here to help make the Eucharist happen.
    [Show full text]
  • John Pecham on Life and Mind Caleb G
    University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Theses and Dissertations 2014 John Pecham on Life and Mind Caleb G. Colley University of South Carolina - Columbia Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd Part of the Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Colley, C. G.(2014). John Pecham on Life and Mind. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/ 2743 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you by Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact dillarda@mailbox.sc.edu. JOHN PECHAM ON LIFE AND MIND by Caleb Glenn Colley ! Bachelor of Arts Freed-Hardeman !University, 2006 Bachelor of Science Freed-Hardeman !University, 2006 Master of Liberal Arts ! Faulkner University, 2009 ! ! Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Philosophy College of Arts and Sciences University of South Carolina 2014 Accepted by: Jeremiah M.G. Hackett, Major Professor Jerald T. Wallulis, Committee Member Heike O. Sefrin-Weis, Committee Member Gordon A. Wilson, Committee Member Lacy Ford, Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! © Copyright by Caleb Glenn Colley, 2014 All Rights !Reserved. !ii ! ! ! ! DEDICATION To my parents, who have always encouraged and inspired me. Et sunt animae vestrae quasi mea. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !iii ! ! ! ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A number of people have spent generous amounts of time and energy to assist in the preparation of this dissertation. Professor Girard J. Etzkorn, the editor of Pecham’s texts, is not listed as a committee member, but he read my manuscript in its early form and made many helpful suggestions.
    [Show full text]
  • Malvern Priory Magazine
    Malvern Priory £1.00 Magazine MARCH 2021 ISSUE The Parish Church of St. Mary & St. Michael A JOYOUS WELCOME TO TWO NEW PRIORY PEOPLE Congratulations to James and Megan Wall who were delighted to welcome Iolo James to their family on Tuesday, 26th January. They would like to thank the many members of the Priory congregation who have sent cards and presents to celebrate the good news together but apart. “The photo is of his first trip into the big wide world—a Thursday Communion—at nine days old. This was also the week we celebrated Candlemas; how appropriate!” Proud grandma, Helen, gazes Megan and James lovingly at her first grandchild… Congratulations also to Katherine and Chris Little who, on Tuesday, 9th February, welcomed their daughter Martha Ellen to the world. "We are thrilled and thankful for the safe arrival of Martha who weighed 6lb 5oz. Thank you to all our Priory friends for their prayers, cards and messages of congratulation. We look forward to introducing Martha to her church family soon." Katherine and Chris WHAT IS A FRIEND – PART TWO? MAGAZINE DONATION Following the article ‘What is a ask you to pass it on to a neighbour Friend’ in the February issue of the or friend, and to encourage them If you read the Malvern Priory Magazine, we have to support and enjoy this beautiful magazine on-line included a Friends’ leaflet in this building in Malvern, which is part of our and would like to March edition with details about joining the heritage. Do also visit our new Facebook make a donation Friends of Malvern Priory.
    [Show full text]
  • Revue Française De Civilisation Britannique, XVIII-1 | 2013 Orthodoxy, Heresy and Treason in Elizabethan England 2
    Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique French Journal of British Studies XVIII-1 | 2013 Orthodoxie et hérésie dans les îles Britanniques Orthodoxy, Heresy and Treason in Elizabethan England Orthodoxie, hérésie et trahison dans l’Angleterre élisabéthaine Claire Cross Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/rfcb/3561 DOI: 10.4000/rfcb.3561 ISSN: 2429-4373 Publisher CRECIB - Centre de recherche et d'études en civilisation britannique Printed version Date of publication: 1 March 2013 ISBN: 2-911580-37-0 ISSN: 0248-9015 Electronic reference Claire Cross, « Orthodoxy, Heresy and Treason in Elizabethan England », Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique [Online], XVIII-1 | 2013, Online since 01 March 2013, connection on 20 March 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/rfcb/3561 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/rfcb.3561 This text was automatically generated on 20 March 2020. Revue française de civilisation britannique est mis à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International. Orthodoxy, Heresy and Treason in Elizabethan England 1 Orthodoxy, Heresy and Treason in Elizabethan England Orthodoxie, hérésie et trahison dans l’Angleterre élisabéthaine Claire Cross 1 Despite the severe penalties laid down in the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity of 1559, the Elizabethan Government initially displayed great unwillingness to proceed against Catholics for their religious beliefs, but changed its stance on the promulgation of the papal bull of 1570 which excommunicated the queen and released her subjects from their allegiance. At the beginning of the reign, Protestant and Catholic controversialists in their publications concentrated upon whether the English Church could be considered to be a true Church; after the State began prosecuting seminary priests and their lay protectors for treason, the debate moved on to whether Catholics were being put to death exclusively for a political crime or sacrificing their lives solely for their faith.
    [Show full text]
  • Jesuit Catechisms for Soldiers (Seventeenth– Nineteenth Centuries): Changes and Continuities
    journal of jesuit studies 4 (2017) 599-623 brill.com/jjs Jesuit Catechisms for Soldiers (Seventeenth– Nineteenth Centuries): Changes and Continuities Vincenzo Lavenia Università di Macerata, Italy v.lavenia@unimc.it Abstract This paper proposes a literary journey through the manuals for soldiers written by Jesuits prior to the twentieth century. After briefly outlining the debut of these publications, at the hands of Antonio Possevino and of Thomas Sailly, who led the first permanent mission of military chaplains in Flanders, it will focus on three mo- ments: the second half of the seventeenth century, when the wars of religion wound down and we find the first manuals where, alongside the desire to impose discipline on armies, a patriotic rhetoric begins to be heard; the middle years of the eighteenth century, before the French Revolution, when, after the establishment of barracks and permanent chaplaincies, even texts aimed at the Christian soldier transposed the vocabulary of the Droit des gens in; finally, the nineteenth century, when the Society was restored and undertook the religious conversion of the soldiery against the perils of the modern world. In Belgium, the birth of a liberal Catholic regime supported a patriotically-toned missionary effort from Jesuit chaplains. Later, the mystique of the nation would affect the majority of texts aimed at combatants and their chaplains during the Great War. Keywords soldiers’ catechisms – Jesuit military chaplains – Thomas Sailly – Alonso de Andrade – Thomas Le Blanc – Pierre Daguet – Antonio Cordoniu – Giovanni Regoli – Paul Barbieux – Jean Baptiste Boone As recent studies have highlighted, two Jesuits, Emond Auger (1530–91) and Antonio Possevino (1533–1611), were the originators, in the wake of the Council © Lavenia, 2017 | doi 10.1163/22141332-00404004 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 4.0 Unported (CC-BY-NC 4.0) License.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Baronetage of 1720," to Which [Erroneous] Statement Brydges Adds
    cs CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1891 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 1924 092 524 374 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/cletails/cu31924092524374 : Complete JSaronetage. EDITED BY Gr. Xtl. C O- 1^ <»- lA Vi «_ VOLUME I. 1611—1625. EXETER WILLIAM POLLAKD & Co. Ltd., 39 & 40, NORTH STREET. 1900. Vo v2) / .|vt POirARD I S COMPANY^ CONTENTS. FACES. Preface ... ... ... v-xii List of Printed Baronetages, previous to 1900 xiii-xv Abbreviations used in this work ... xvi Account of the grantees and succeeding HOLDERS of THE BARONETCIES OF ENGLAND, CREATED (1611-25) BY JaMES I ... 1-222 Account of the grantees and succeeding holders of the baronetcies of ireland, created (1619-25) by James I ... 223-259 Corrigenda et Addenda ... ... 261-262 Alphabetical Index, shewing the surname and description of each grantee, as above (1611-25), and the surname of each of his successors (being Commoners) in the dignity ... ... 263-271 Prospectus of the work ... ... 272 PREFACE. This work is intended to set forth the entire Baronetage, giving a short account of all holders of the dignity, as also of their wives, with (as far as can be ascertained) the name and description of the parents of both parties. It is arranged on the same principle as The Complete Peerage (eight vols., 8vo., 1884-98), by the same Editor, save that the more convenient form of an alphabetical arrangement has, in this case, had to be abandoned for a chronological one; the former being practically impossible in treating of a dignity in which every holder may (and very many actually do) bear a different name from the grantee.
    [Show full text]
  • William Lambard the Perambulation of Kent (Third Edition) London 1656
    William Lambard The perambulation of Kent (third edition) London 1656 <i> <sig a> THE PERAMBULATION OF KENT. Containing the Descripti= on, History and Cu= stoms of that County. Written by WILLIAM LAMBARD of Lincolns Inne; Corrected and Enlarged. To which is added the Charters, Laws and Privileges of the Cinque Ports, Never before printed. LONDON. Printed for Matthew Walbancke, and Dan. Pakeman 1656. <ii> <blank> <iii> <iii> To the Right worshipfull, and vertuous, M. Thomas Wotton, Esq;. It is the manner (Right Worship= full) of such as seek profit by Minerals, first to set men on work to digg and gather the Oare: Then by fire to trie out the Metall, and to cast it into certain rude lumps, which they call Sowze: And lastly to commit them to Artifi= cers, that can thereof make things serviceable and meet for use. Somewhat after which sort, I my self, being very desirous to attain to some knowledge and understanding of the Antiquities of this Realm, which (as Metall contained within the bowels of the earth) lie hidden in old books horded up in cor= ners, did not only my self digg and rake together whatsoever I could of that kind, but procured di= vers of my friends also to set to their hands and doe the like. And when the matter was by our dili= gent travail grown (as me thought) to a convenient Masse, with such fire of discretion as I had, I se= vered the metall and drosse in sunder, and cast it into certain rude, and unformed Sowze, not un= meet for a work man.
    [Show full text]
  • Romantic Medicine and the Poetics of Palliation
    Romantic Medicine and the Poetics of Palliation by Brittany Pladek A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of English University of Toronto © Copyright by Brittany Pladek (2013) Romantic Medicine and the Poetics of Palliation Brittany Pladek Doctor of Philosophy Department of English University of Toronto 2013 Abstract This study uses the interdisciplinary lens of Romantic medical ethics to reconsider received ideas about the therapeutic power of Romantic poetry. Studies of literature and medicine in the long nineteenth century have generally considered disease the era’s main medical symbol; they have likewise considered holistic “healing” its major model for poetry’s therapeutic effect, following Geoffrey Hartman’s description of Wordsworth’s ability to “heal the wound of self.” Without denying the importance of these paradigms, my work explores alternate foci: pain instead of disease, and palliation instead of healing. In Britain, professional medical ethics were first codified during the Romantic period in response to a variety of medical and social advances. But because of Romantic medicine’s curative uncertainty and utilitarian intolerance for pain, its ethicists turned from cure to palliation to describe a doctor’s primary duty toward his patients. My study argues that this palliative ethic was taken up by Romantic literary writers to describe their own work. By engaging with contemporary medical ethics treatises such as John Gregory’s 1770 Lectures on the Duties and Qualifications of a Physician and Thomas Percival’s 1803 Medical Ethics, I explore four Romantic authors’ struggle to find an appropriate medical model for their work’s therapeutic benefits.
    [Show full text]