Onye Igbo Ka Nbu Chukwurah Filip Emeagwali
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Computer Assisted Language Learnin.Pdf
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study The field of language learning is dynamic and, so, new discoveries are emerging. The Igbo language is not left out in this trend and, therefore, requires continuous efforts to make it retain its place as one of the major languages in Nigeria. There is also the need to make it attractive as a medium of communication even on a global scale. Maduka (2007) commented on the threat of modern European languages powered by colonialism and globalisation to the continuity of Igbo and other Nigerian indigenous languages. He surmised: Even though colonialism and globalisation have imposed western cultural values on Nigerians especially through the use of English and French as national languages, the Igbos should not fall victim to the glamorous economic and political benefits accruing from the knowledge of these languages by dispensing with the use of their mother tongue in various situations in society. They have to imitate the various people of the world for their languages‘ survival and rescue (p.15). One of the most distinctive characteristics which set humans apart from other creatures is the highly evolved mode of communication termed language (Badiyani, 2008). Language serves as a tool for conveying functional meaning through interaction and communication. Each generation modifies, changes and adapts its language so that at any point in time, the language remains a cultural institution developed by a community, for the use or service of that community (Puloka, 1 2000). Adopting a new identity can be expressed as the gradual loss of unique cultural traits and the imitation of a foreign culture (Dastigoshadeth and Jalilzadeh, 2011; Grimes, 2002; Brezinger & Graaf,2005). -
A Theoretical Foundation for Understanding Law Subjects and Rights in Igbo Philosophy of Law
Open Journal of Philosophy 2013. Vol.3, No.1A, 255-263 Published Online February 2013 in SciRes (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojpp) http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojpp.2013.31A041 A Theoretical Foundation for Understanding Law Subjects and Rights in Igbo Philosophy of Law F. O. C. Njoku Department of Philosophy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria Email: [email protected] Received January 6th, 2013; revised February 14th, 2013; accepted February 20th, 2013 This paper attempts to respond to a call to find an ontological basis for establishing African legal theory. The African world of my choice is the Igbo world of South-east Nigeria. It is a world I want to examine to see how its material and theoretical structures help articulate a philosophy of law in terms of projecting a consistent understanding of law subjects and the foundations of their rights. The article builds on the con- tributions of F. U. Okafor and his many African critics. Keywords: Foundation; Law; Rights; Igbo Philosophy Introduction tradition. One agrees with Jare Oladosu that the Igbo case can- not speak for the whole of African continent, (2004: p. 59). F. U. Okafor’s contribution in his two works (1984: pp. 157- Unlike what Nwakeze thinks, Taiwo’s criticism of Okafor’s 164; 1992) is not so much in articulating a philosophy of Afri- generalisation is correct. No one denies possible common ele- can legal tradition as chronicling materials that can be used in ments in African tradition, but Okafor does not show how he building a theoretical foundation for African philosophy of law. -
The Taxonomy of Nigerian Varieties of Spoken English
Vol.5(9), pp. 232-240, November 2014 DOI: 10.5897/IJEL2014.0623 Article Number: B500D5F47763 International Journal of English and Literature ISSN 2141-2626 Copyright © 2014 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/IJEL Full Length Research Paper The taxonomy of Nigerian varieties of spoken English Oladimeji Kaseem Olaniyi Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria. Received 05 June, 2014; Accepted 3 September, 2014 The dream of a Nigerian English dictionary has recently been actualized. The academic body of teachers and researchers known as NESA recently published a dictionary of the Nigerian English. The corpus of words and expressions in the dictionary represents the meaning and pronunciation of words as used by Nigerians.As a headlamp into the major and minor languages spoken by a vast population of Nigerians, this article seeks to stratify the varieties of Nigerian English on the basis of the popularity of the various ethnic groups which culminate in the variations that subsist in the accents of English available in Nigeria. As a result, in the first instance, a pyramid which classifies the over three hundred languages into three levels (in a pyramidal structure) is proposed. Secondly, coalesced phonemic inventories from all the varieties of Nigerian English are linguistically reconciled. From the methodology of the study to the findings, formal and informal interviews, perceptual and acoustic experiments carried out textually and inter-textually form the background of results which have been corroborated in the literatures of Nigerian English. This study is basically an appraisal of Nigerian English without any bias for the educated, uneducated, standard, or sub-standard varieties. -
A Hundred Years Educational Work in the Former Calabar Province (1846-1946)
Durham E-Theses A hundred years educational work in the former Calabar Province (1846-1946) Adiakpan, J. B. How to cite: Adiakpan, J. B. (1962) A hundred years educational work in the former Calabar Province (1846-1946), Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10000/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 net Correct to SQ.^ ChaJt CAla^b^r f^ouinc^ MJASJ^^tti/n^ iff the fiYo/iSi'itn tff j>rinna.r<j Q,cLu.c»jtio-n ^ ^i.t/tetM.'m^ / inli CorisicLtra^Cion tht f>ro/>orCi'i>r> cHlLoCrtn at school cor<njt>t4m a tht t6txL chU^' /io^ulectiorii tht number o^StCfneLarj ic^o»lsy^€rsona.C//t'fs /r^*^ f^ytp^S, k^riS Lik^ CcclcU>'c>. O^oh0 cuid £Aet, and i-or U^c^^^" iqTif, - by f'f^ ftreent of ChUotytn of SahooL ecge u.'trt at: JcA»oL(^Mhi/t othtr 221 Years Provinces Girls Total 0 1931 Calabar 8,282 2,860 119142 -
Igbo As an Endangered Language Chukwuma Azuonye University of Massachusetts Boston, [email protected]
University of Massachusetts Boston ScholarWorks at UMass Boston Africana Studies Faculty Publication Series Africana Studies 1-1-2002 Igbo as an Endangered Language Chukwuma Azuonye University of Massachusetts Boston, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.umb.edu/africana_faculty_pubs Part of the African Languages and Societies Commons, Comparative Literature Commons, and the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Azuonye, Chukwuma, "Igbo as an Endangered Language" (2002). Africana Studies Faculty Publication Series. Paper 17. http://scholarworks.umb.edu/africana_faculty_pubs/17 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Africana Studies at ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. It has been accepted for inclusion in Africana Studies Faculty Publication Series by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Chukwuma Azuonye environmental, historical, socio-psychological and socio-linguistic factors, as they apply to minority IGBO AS AN ENDANGERED LANGUAGE languages. Among these factors are: genocide, endemic warfare, disease, bilingualism, hegemonic pressure, restrictive language policy, language shift, Introduction HE QUESTION HAS SOMETIMES been and reduced speaker (especially child) competence in posed if Igbo, one of the three major the language. Although some attention is currently languages of Nigeria, is an endangered being paid to what Nigerian linguist, Ayo Bamgbose T (1993), describes as “deprived Languages”, which language.(1) At first sight, this question would appear to be grossly misplaced, since the survival of the include majority languages which “are deprived in language seems to be well guaranteed by its status not being used for important functions’ (Bamgbose, both as one of the three main indigenous languages of in Brenzinger, 1997: 8-9), neither The UNESCO Red Nigeria and one of the major languages of literature, Book nor the mainstream scholarship has made any education, and commerce in Africa. -
Theatre of Life: Rituals, Transition and Progression Among the Igbo
-. THEATRE OF LIFE: RITUALS, TRANSITION AND PROGRESSION AMONG THE IGBO by MARY -BLOSSOM CHINYELUM OKAFOR A thesis submitted to the University of Plymouth in partial fulfilment for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Exeter School of Arts & Design Faculty of Arts and Education March 1998 Thesis Abstract THEATRE OF: LIFE: RITUALS, TRANSITION AND PROGRESSION AMONG THE IGBO by MARY-BLOSSOM CHINYELUM OKAFOR The lgbo are perpetual celebrants of life. Their need to celebrate life means that the Igbo will ceaselessly try to make the best of life, because they believe that although life may be full of uncertainties, such uncertainties are only temporary. So, the Igbo will celebrate whatever fortune brings in the knowledge that tomorrow will definitely be different. It is this insight into the transitory nature of things that makes the lgbo celebrate life, aware that time has the ability to obliterate uncelebrated memories. In the researcher's opinion, this work has succeeded in establishing the fact that the study and understanding of rituals do not have to be a schematic nightmare neither do they have to prove that they belong to either the dramatic or theatrical genres - rituals are just what they are - performance. Rituals reflect life in action, and this study has demonstrated that these rituals can be better understood by breaking them down into various categories and clusters (families). From such sub-division will, hopefully, emerge specific attributes which can enable us to determine the cluster each ritual belongs to. Furthermore, the analyses of rituals, ritual agents and performance styles bring out the real flavour of Igbo performance. -
An Atlas of Nigerian Languages
AN ATLAS OF NIGERIAN LANGUAGES Roger Blench May be freely quoted but please acknowledge source 2020 Edition Roger Blench McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research University of Cambridge Correspondence to: 8, Guest Road Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/ Ans (00-44)-(0)1223-560687 Mobile worldwide (00-44)-(0)7847-495590 E-mail [email protected] http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm This version: 11 September 2020 i Atlas of Nigerian Languages 2019 edition Front mattter TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction............................................................................................................................................................i I. Changes to the structure of the Atlas ...............................................................................................................i 1. Form of the Head-Entries ................................................................................................................................i 2. Changes in the Language Map.........................................................................................................................i 2.1 From Numbers to Names...........................................................................................................................i 2.2 Addition of new languages ........................................................................................................................i 2.3 Addition and correction of topographic and institutional features ...........................................................ii -
LCSH Section I
I(f) inhibitors I-225 (Colo.) Germany, 1947-1948 USE If inhibitors USE Interstate 225 (Colo.) Subsequent proceedings, Nuremberg War I & M Canal National Heritage Corridor (Ill.) I-244 (Tulsa, Okla.) Crime Trials, case no. 6 USE Illinois and Michigan Canal National Heritage USE Interstate 244 (Tulsa, Okla.) BT Nuremberg War Crime Trials, Nuremberg, Corridor (Ill.) I-255 (Ill. and Mo.) Germany, 1946-1949 I & M Canal State Trail (Ill.) USE Interstate 255 (Ill. and Mo.) I-H-3 (Hawaii) USE Illinois and Michigan Canal State Trail (Ill.) I-270 (Ill. and Mo. : Proposed) USE Interstate H-3 (Hawaii) I-5 USE Interstate 255 (Ill. and Mo.) I-hadja (African people) USE Interstate 5 I-270 (Md.) USE Kasanga (African people) I-8 (Ariz. and Calif.) USE Interstate 270 (Md.) I Ho Yüan (Beijing, China) USE Interstate 8 (Ariz. and Calif.) I-278 (N.J. and N.Y.) USE Yihe Yuan (Beijing, China) I-10 USE Interstate 278 (N.J. and N.Y.) I Ho Yüan (Peking, China) USE Interstate 10 I-291 (Conn.) USE Yihe Yuan (Beijing, China) I-15 USE Interstate 291 (Conn.) I-hsing ware USE Interstate 15 I-394 (Minn.) USE Yixing ware I-15 (Fighter plane) USE Interstate 394 (Minn.) I-K'a-wan Hsi (Taiwan) USE Polikarpov I-15 (Fighter plane) I-395 (Baltimore, Md.) USE Qijiawan River (Taiwan) I-16 (Fighter plane) USE Interstate 395 (Baltimore, Md.) I-Kiribati (May Subd Geog) USE Polikarpov I-16 (Fighter plane) I-405 (Wash.) UF Gilbertese I-17 USE Interstate 405 (Wash.) BT Ethnology—Kiribati USE Interstate 17 I-470 (Ohio and W. -
Developing Methods and Resources for Automated Processing of the African Language Igbo
Developing Methods and Resources for Automated Processing of the African Language Igbo Author: Supervisor: Ikechukwu E. Onyenwe Dr. Mark R. Hepple A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Computer Science Faculty of Engineering April 2017 ii Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. That except where specific reference is made to the work of others, the contents of this thesis are original and have not been submitted in whole or in part for consideration for any other degree or qualification in this, or any other university. The contents are the outcome of research done under my supervisor. Part of this thesis has appeared in the following publications: 1. Onyenwe, Ikechukwu E., Chinedu Uchechukwu, and Mark Hepple. Part-of-speech Tagset and Corpus Development for Igbo, an African. In Proceedings of LAW VIII - The 8th Linguistic Annotation Workshop, pages 93{98, Dublin, Ireland, August 23-24 2014. 2015 Association for Computational Linguistics. 2. Onyenwe, Ikechukwu, Mark Hepple, Chinedu Uchechukwu, and Ignatius Ezeani. Use of Transformation-Based Learning in Annotation Pipeline of Igbo, an African Language. In Proceedings of the Joint Workshop on Language Technology for Closely Related Languages, Varieties and Dialects, pages 24{33, Hissar, Bulgaria, September 10, 2015. 2015 Association for Computational Linguistics. 3. Onyenwe, Ikechukwu E. and Mark Hepple. Predicting Morphologically-Complex Unknown Words in Igbo. In Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Con- ference on Text, Speech, Dialogue | TSD 2016, Brno, Czech Republic, September 12-16, 2016. Published by Springer-Verlag in Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (LNAI), Volume 99241. -
"The Emergence (Or Not) of Private Property Rights in Land: Southern
James Fenske "The Emergence (or not) of Private Property Rights in Land: Southern Nigeria, 1851 to 1914" 1 [This paper is longer than I intended; my apologies. The fourth section is the most important.] 1. Introduction I conceive that land belongs to a vast family of which many are dead, few are living and countless members are yet unborn. -Gboteyi, the Elesi, Second Chief of Odogbolu, Ijebu-Ode 2 When you know more of our people you will know how to value that. They simply tell you what they think you would like to hear. -Dr. Oguntola Sapara 3 Land and labor are the most basic factors of African agriculture, and so the institutions governing their control are critical in determining economic outcomes in countries such as Nigeria, where even today less than forty percent of the population lives in urban areas. 4 Systems of land tenure influence (among other variables) investment incentives, 5 access to credit 6, household labor supply 7, ceremonial expenses, 8 the distributions of land 9, power 10 and income, 11 the incidence of conflict and violence, 12 and ecological management, 13 though the actual operation of these impacts is highly context-dependent. The economic importance of these effects is not hypothetical; Goldstein and Udry (2005), for example, estimate the costs of the insufficient fallowing of maize and cassava plots that results from endogenous tenure insecurity in Ghana to have amounted to between 1.4% and 2.1% of that country’s GDP in 1997 14 – approximately half of Fogel’s reckoning of the contribution of the railroad to the U.S. -
Studies in Language and Language Behavior
REPORT RESUMES ED 010 112 48 STUDIES IN LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGE BEHAVIOR. PROGRESS REPORT NO. 3. BY- LANE, HARLAN L. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR REPORT NUMBER BR -6 -1784 PUB DATE 1 JUL 66 REPORT NUMBER PR -3 CONTRACT OEC..3...6.q1617840508 EDRS PRICEMF$0.63 HC418.00 456E,, DESCRIPTORS- *LANGUAGE RESEARCH, BILINGUALISMI.INGUAGE SKILLS, LANGUAGE ABILITY, PHONETIC ANALYSIS; PHONETICS, RHETORIC, *AUDITORY DISCRIMINATION, *LANGUAGE PATTERNS, *SELF CONCEPT, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN THE FOUR STUDIES INCORPORATED IN THIS PROGRESS REPORT ATTEMPTED TO ANALYZE STABILIZED LANGUAGE PROCESSES AND TO EXAMINE THE COMPONENTS OF LANGUAGE PERFORMANCE, RANGING FROM SYSTEMATIC PHONETICS TO LOGICAL. DISCOURSE. THE FIRST STUDY REPORTED WORK ON HUMAN AUDITORY SENSITIVITY AS A FUNCTION OF FREQUENCY AND INTENSITY. THE NEXT TWO STUDIES WERE ADDRESSED TO THE ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE PROSODY, IN ONE CASE, NATIVE LANGUAGE, AND IN ANOTHER, PROSODY AS A SECOND LANGUAGE. THE LAST STUDY DEALT WITH A REFORMULATION OF THE AREA OF ATTITUDE CHANGE AND SELF - PERCEPTION. OTHER RESEARCH PROJECTS IN PROGRESS ARE DESCRIBED AT THE END OF THE REPORT. (GD) rt .U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATIONAND WELFARE Office of Education This document has been rcproduced exactlyas received from the person or organization on it. Points of view or opinions stated do not necessarily represent officialOffice of Education position or policy. .. Studies ;., in Language and .....111(111:. 44.a 00",4; 1011!.ZV le Language ,1444 ...04 . !v; Alkilarrflit;:tvv.:.....4. 0on, , . ( 11/' 71'-^', .4.'"., A .. 7" 7 4411V. '4 Behavior Assv t. kNGU4Gt *ee 17 I. N 0 W 1 i g tii in u. "ay 4,e44 411c IP\' 1966 PROGRESS REPORT NO. -
Multilingualjsm in Nigeria and the Challenges of Education in the 21St Century
MULTILINGUALJSM IN NIGERIA AND THE CHALLENGES OF EDUCATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY l.O. Ene Abstract Language policy means different things to different people ranging from aspect of school curricula to the adoption of specific languages for specific functions within a particular community. African countries should not jump at adopting monolingual policies because of their colonial history. Multihiigualism can bring out the beauty in the cultures of the different ethnic nationalities that populate a country like Nigeria if the languages are properly developed and integrated into teaching and learning. However, the challenge of the 21s' century to Nigerian education is that the system of education should be given a soul so that it can be relevant to the people's world view. Introduction It is not possible to discuss issues and insights in Nigeria education in the 21s1 century without first diagnosing the relevance of ethnicity, language and geo-political zones as vital variables. The features of Nigerian education is a reflection of the divisive characteristics of these variables. Consequently, language differences constitute a bottleneck to many aspects of human relationships. invariably, language is a compelling force of unity among people that speak the same language. The origin of mujtilingualism as reported in the International Bible Society (1984), goes thus: the Lord said, if as one people speaking the same language they have begun to do this, (hen nothing they plan to do will be impossible for them. Come let us go down and contuse their language so they will not understand each other. (Genesis 11:6-7). The divine institutionalization of multilingualism in the Tower of Babel notwithstanding, man has been making concerted efforts to attain mutual intelligibility among the nations of the earth.