Phase One Planning Desktop Preliminary Environmental Risk Assessment
This report is issued for the Site described as: 4 Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS
Report Reference AEL-4491-PP1-1000220
Customer Reference N/A
Report produced on 29/04/2020
Current use One residential property
Proposed use Subdivision into two semi detached dwellings with rear and side extensions
Report written by Teree Scott BSc (Hons) MSc PIEMA
Report approved by Constance Alderson Blench BA (Hons) PIEMA EA
Overview
MINOR ISSUES CONTACT DETAILS Planning Issues ------IDENTIFIED If you require assistance please contact your consultant on: 0330 036 6115 ------or by email at: [email protected] Recommendations
The Phase I should be submitted to the Local Authority for Planning consideration. Issues A Discovery Strategy should be put in place on Site to mitigate any unexpected contamination on the Site. If any contamination is identified during redevelopment, all work must cease and you must alert the Local Authority.
The laying of new services, specifically water supply pipes, should be undertaken in accordance with current guidance, including the UKWIR contaminated land guidance.
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 2 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS Executive Summary
Argyll Environmental Limited (AEL) was commissioned by Luke Wilks, to conduct a Phase One Desktop Preliminary Environmental Risk Assessment for 4 Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS (the Site). This report presents the key findings and potential environmental liabilities identified during the assessment.
Key findings
Introduction The Site located at 4 Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS is currently a single residential dwelling. We have been advised by the Client that the existing building will be subdivided into two semi detached dwellings with side and rear extensions (planning ref. EPF/0574/20). A Phase 1 Contaminated Land Assessment is required to validate the planning application. Site History A review of historical maps indicates the Site remained vacant until the 1967 map edition, when it formed land associated with a wider works. The works was labelled as a government research establishment c.1989. The Site remained in this use until between 1999 and 2006, when it was redeveloped for residential use as a single property with garden.
Information from the Local Authority indicates the Site formed part of a wider gunpowder mill from as early as the 14th Century until 1991, for manufacture and testing of gunpowder and explosives; known as the Waltham Abbey Royal Gunpowder Works. This may have been omitted from some map editions due to the sensitive nature of the land use. The Site and wider housing estate previously formed part of the factory hospital, with some storage for explosives, however no manufacturing took place.
Sources of contamination The following potentially contaminative sources of concern have been identified at the Site: • Waltham Abbey Royal Gunpowder Works from as early as the 14th Century - 1991 • Made Ground • Superficial Deposits: Alluvium • Potential for Asbestos Containing Materials (ACMs) in building fabric.
The following potentially contaminative sources of concern have been identified in proximity to the Site: • The wider Waltham Abbey Royal Gunpowder Works from as early as the 14th Century - 1991 • A landfill recorded under various entries from 73m west; operational from 1959 until 1977.
Conclusion Although plausible contaminant linkages have been identified with the proposed redevelopment, we do not consider these to be significant. Therefore, the risk under the planning regime (NPPF) is considered to be low to moderate. It is unlikely that the Local Authority will require any further investigations as part of the proposed redevelopment.
Overall Planning Risk Assessment Low to Moderate Note: This Executive Summary forms part of AEL's Phase One Preliminary Environment Risk Assessment (Ref. AEL- 4491-PP1-1000220) and should be read in conjunction with the body of the report.
Phase One // Planning Understanding this report
This report is a Phase One preliminary desktop study without a walkover survey which is compliant with Contaminated Land Report (CLR) 11 Model Procedures for the Management of Land Contamination. The report identifies potential land quality issues associated with the proposed re/development. The works were completed in accordance with AEL’s Conditions of Contract for Environmental Consulting Services version 2.0.1
1. Introduction
Scope of Works
The agreed scope of works and the data sources included in this assessment are detailed below:
• A review of the historical development of the Site and surrounding area, by reference to current and historical Ordnance Survey maps and plans and other sources of historical information (e.g. aerial photographs where available);
• A review of information contained within a Landmark environmental data pack and other relevant environmental information held on publicly available databases (including environmental permits and licences, discharge consents, pollution incidents, waste management facilities, etc.);
• Targeted regulatory consultation with the Environmental Health Department and Planning Departments (and any other statutory bodies as required, potentially including the Environment Agency (EA) and Petroleum Licensing Authority);
• A study of the environmental sensitivity of the Site, with reference to the local geological, hydrological and hydrogeological setting from BGS and EA information;
• Review of existing (e.g. Phase 2) reports and correspondence if appropriate and limited to 3hrs;
• The derivation of a Conceptual Site Model (CSM), identifying potential contaminant linkages at the Site based on Contaminated Land Report (CLR11);
• The provision of a fully interpretative report, including a qualitative risk assessment to determine if further Investigations are required under the planning regime and to protect clients from any future liabilities. The report will include an executive summary Identifying key Issues and detail 'next step' recommendations.
• Aftercare, including a detailed discussion with the Contaminated Land Officer/planning officer to discuss the proposed methodologies and scope of such works of further works (if required), so as to ensure that planning conditions relating to land contamination can be met and complied with fully.
1 Please refer to the Methodology section at the end of this report for more details
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 4 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS Overview of planning application
It is understood that there are proposals to subdivide an existing residential property into two semi detached properties with side and rear extensions (planning ref. EPF/0574/20). A Phase 1 Contaminated Land Assessment is required to validate the planning application. Information from the client indicates garden areas are proposed.
Therefore in the first instance a Phase One Preliminary Risk Assessment should be undertaken. To satisfy national guidance, the Phase One Preliminary Risk Assessment should include a full history of the Site and surrounds including the environmental setting of the Site and a preliminary conceptual site model and associated risk assessment.
2. Historical Review
AEL has reviewed available historical Ordnance Survey maps and pre-Ordnance Survey (County Series) maps plus recent aerial photography for the Site and surrounding area. This information, in conjunction with historical data provided by the Local Authority Environmental Heath & Planning Departments and information from the site visit, has been used to develop a description of the Site and the surrounding area.
2.1 Summary of Site and Surrounding Area
On Site A review of historical maps indicates the Site remained vacant until the 1967 map edition, when it formed land associated with a wider works. The works was labelled as a government research establishment c.1989. The Site remained in this use until between 1999 and 2006, when it was redeveloped for residential use as a single property with garden.
Information from the Local Authority indicates the Site formed part of a wider gunpowder mill from as early as the 14th Century until 1991, for manufacture and testing of gunpowder and explosives; known as the Waltham Abbey Royal Gunpowder Works. This may have been omitted from some map editions due to the sensitive nature of the land use. The Site and wider housing estate previously formed part of the factory hospital, with some storage for explosives, however no manufacturing took place.
Surrounding Area The wider area was largely vacant from the first map edition, dated 1870, with Waltham Marshes and a number of canals/watercourses noted. From this time, the Royal Gunpowder Factory was identified approximately 100m south east, which extended closer c.1882, when the Royal Engineering Department was noted from 20m east. Over subsequent mapping, the gunpowder factory was extended, until it was omitted from mapping between 1920 and 1960, due to the sensitive nature of the land use. By 1967, the factory was again noted in mapping and later labelled as a Government Research Establishment c.1972. At around the same time, some watercourses in the surrounding area were filled (particularly to the west/south west) and a disused gravel pit identified from 135m west was also levelled. After 1999, the surrounding area was cleared and redeveloped for residential use, with the area to the north labelled as the Royal Gunpowder Mills Museum from c.2006 onwards.
Information from the Local Authority indicates this area formed part of a wider gunpowder mill from as early as the 14th Century until 1991, for manufacture and testing of gunpowder and explosives; known as the Waltham Abbey Royal Gunpowder Works.
Phase One // Planning 3. Site Location and Setting
The Site (839.55m2) is located at (4 Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS). Adjacent and nearby surrounding land uses include:
Direction Current Surrounding Area North Residential properties are located from adjacent, extending to 220m north where the Royal Gunpowder Mills museum is located. Beyond this, predominantly open land and woodland is noted. South Residential properties are adjacent, extending to around 280m south where an industrial estate begins. East The River Lee is adjacent, with residential properties beyond and the commercial centre of Waltham Abbey from 260m. West Residential properties are located from adjacent, with the River Lee Horsemill Stream from 80m. Beyond is predominantly open land, with Lee Valley White Water Centre located around 390m away.
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 6 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS 4. Regulatory Authority Consultation
Statutory bodies and authorities have been consulted as part of this assessment. Responses are summarised in the table below:
Regulatory Authority Response Environmental Health Enquires were directed to Epping Forest District Council's Environmental Health Department Department. A written response was received on 20th April 2020 from Kiri Cunnane, with an additional response received 23rd April 2020. The pertinent information is summarised below: • The Site forms part of the council's Contaminated Land Strategy but is not planned for any future inspection or investigation. • They are aware the Site formed part of Waltham Abbey Royal Gunpowder Works, used for gunpowder and weapons manufacture and storage until 1991. • In 2018, an external consultant undertook a review* (on behalf of the council) of the remediation that was carried out for the gunpowder works, who determined the housing estate in which this Site falls suitable for residential use. • Despite remediation being undertaken in the 1990s under legislation that has now been superseded, it was considered sufficiently detailed, and the potential for contamination risks to the residential dwellings has been removed. • The remediation undertaken at the time of the development is compliant with current standards, and the previous remediation is considered acceptable for new developments. • Where a full planning application is made, it is anticipated that only 'unexpected contamination' planning conditions would be attached. In line with this condition, it is the responsibility of the developer to ensure the safe development of the site including asbestos checks and to stop development and contact the Local Planning Authority if significant contamination is encountered.
*This document is summarised in section 5.2 of this report. Planning Department Entries on the online planning platform of Epping Forest District Council identified the following applications:
Ref. EPF/0625/93 for an outline application for use of the land as: a) 63 hectares for heritage, leisure and recreation uses with supporting commercial uses, and; b) 3.64 hectares of residential development. This application was approved 27/03/1993 with condition 16 relating to contaminated land for part a) and condition 19 relating to contaminated land for part b). ______Reserved matters for part a) of this application was dealt with under ref. EPF/0500/07, which was granted on 14/09/2007. This had condition 6 relating to contaminated land, which was subsequently discharged under ref. PL/EPF/0300/12 on 15/03/2012. A comment from the Environment Agency stated that 'although there is a potential source of manganese contamination on this site as well as the wider site, we are satisfied that this is not causing pollution of the adjacent surface water course.' ______Reserved matters for part b) of this application was dealt with under ref. RES/EPF/0715/97 for the erection of 49 detached four and five bedroomed houses, new access road and landscaping. This was granted with no contaminated land conditions on 05/01/1998.
Phase One // Planning Regulatory Authority Response A letter from the Assistant Head of Environmental Services on 25/06/1997 states that they have no comments to make regarding this application on the basis that the issue of decontamination/remediation has already been covered by the outline planning conditions. ______EPF/0574/20* for the subdivision of one single dwelling into two self-contained, semi detached dwellings, with single storey rear extension, side extension above existing garage and loft conversion with dormer windows. The status of this application is currently invalid because a Phase 1 Contaminated Land Assessment is required.
*This is the application for which the Phase 1 has been commissioned.
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 8 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS 5. Report and Data Review
AEL reviewed the following data and reports as part of this assessment. A copy is attached in Appendix 1.
5.1 Landmark Data
A review of a Landmark data (ref: 239983085-1-1) was undertaken as part of this assessment. No relevant information in relation to the Site was identified.
However, a summary of the relevant information from the report in proximity to the Site is as follows:
• a Local Authority Recorded Landfill Site (73m west) • a Historical Landfill Site (97m south west), recorded as accepting inert, industrial and commercial waste, operational from 31st December 1959 until 31st December 1977, and; • a BGS Recorded Landfill Site (102m west).
All these entries appear to relate to the same landfill site, from 73m west (see page 18) located at Waltham and Cheshunt Marshes, and may have been associated with former quarrying activities identified in section 2.1. It is also possible waste from the former gunpowder works was part of the fill material.
5.2 Report Review
Below is a summary of some of the site investigations and remediation carried out as part of the redevelopment of the former Waltham Abbey Royal Gunpowder Works. The review focuses on an area known as Horsemill Stream housing estate (Area H), which the Site in question is part of. The review was undertaken by an external consultant on behalf of the Local Authority in 2018, referred to as:
Waltham Abbey north site – Horsemill Stream Housing Estate; Marshall Environmental Consulting Limited; December 2018.
Section 7 of the review summarises previous investigations and remediation:
Contamination Survey, RARDE, Waltham Abbey (North Site). Referenced 7 (7) Part 1/2200/11/09; Environmental Services Group; December 1992. • Area H used to be the factory hospital and doctors house, with some explosives storage. However, no manufacturing or testing took place in the area. • At the time of the site investigation proposed plans were commercial/light industrial. • Scope included the analysis of 53 soil samples for non-explosives suite, 112 samples for explosive determinants, 28 National River Authority leachability tests and 12 composite soil samples for asbestos analysis. • Results indicated that remedial action would be required associated with 3 copper samples, 3 lead samples, 2 sulphate samples and 1 sulphur sample. Asbestos was found in 4 of the 12 composite soil samples. A single leachable concentration of sulphate was also detected, but no other concentration of concern were detected. Explosives were also not detected. • Ash and clinker were the most likely source of metal and PAH concentrations, and detected asbestos was considered most likely to be from the former use of bonded sheeting materials in buildings and steam pipe insulation. • The report suggested remediation should include decontamination of buildings, removal of drains and some localised removal of soils.
Remediation Works, Horsemill Stream Housing Site, Waltham Abbey RARDE (North Site). Referenced E5275 copy 4; WS Atkins Environment; June 1996.
Report includes details of the remediation and validation works at Horsemill Stream housing estate, completed between 1992 and 1995. Proposed plans had now changed to residential, and therefore further investigation and remediation was required. Made ground up to 1.5m thick and Alluvium around 1m thick was identified. In addition, previous work detected contamination by metals, sulphate, mineral oils and low levels of explosives and asbestos.
Between 1992 and 1995 the site was remediated by:
• Removal of buildings and foundations.
Phase One // Planning • Excavation of a canal (which was originally filled with demolition material in 1972) to bed level and natural gravels/sands. The canal void was filled with Hoggin (clayey gravel) imported from St Albans. • Excavations of pits filled with tar materials to natural sand and gravel level and disposed to off-site landfill. The voids were capped with 1m thickness of clay and a terram membrane. Further pits were also excavated, material moved off- site and filled with clay. • Millhead tail race and sluice were excavated to bed level and demolition material containing asbestos was removed to off-site landfill. • Sampling and laboratory analysis of the imported fill and soils was completed. • With the exception of Horsemill Stream tree bank, tree island and ground beneath two buildings, the made ground from across the site was excavated to undisturbed clay (between 0.4 and 2.8m) and removed for off-site disposal.
Results of remediation carried out:
• 187 confirmatory soil samples of remediated surfaces were taken for laboratory analysis for explosive, inorganic and organic parameters. Additional soil excavations were made where the generic assessment criteria were exceeded. • The report concluded that the confirmatory sampling has indicated that the remediation works effectively removed the majority of the contamination. Residual contamination is known to be present in the base of the former canal, road, river bank and tree islands which have been capped and are not immediately beneath the residential area. • Two ground gas monitoring visits were taken in August 1995 and in March 1996 from five ground gas sampling wells. Carbon dioxide was not detected during the first monitoring visit, but detected up to 0.8% in the second. Methane was not detected. Based on these results, the author indicated that ground gas protection measures were not required for the residential development. • A demonstrated improvement of groundwater quality had occurred due to the removal of contaminant sources and the residual levels were not a concern.
Following a review of the above documents, the external consultant confirmed:
• Area H formed part of a gunpowder mill which operated from the 14th Century until 1991 for manufacture and testing of gunpowder and explosives. • Remedial work was completed in a number of phases and included removal of buildings, targeted excavation of former canals and pits, and removal of made ground from across the majority of the site for off-site disposal. Clay/Hoggin was imported to fill resultant voids, which was validated by laboratory testing. • Residual contamination is known to be present on the periphery of the housing estate, in the base of the former canal (at approx 3m deep) and beneath a road (approx 2m deep). These were both capped and were located on the river bank/tree islands which are not immediately beneath the residential area. • No significant groundwater contamination was detected, and as the remedial works were completed over 20 years ago, natural attenuation of residual contamination in groundwater will have continued to occur. • The risk assessment, remediation strategy and the implemented remediation undertaken for Area H, indicate the land is suitable for residential use.
A separate document has been reviewed confirming the remediation of Powder Mill Lane Housing estate to the east of the Site in question:
Review of ground conditions at Waltham Abbey Royal Gunpowder Mills (WARGM), ref. 2649/00/1; BAE Systems; April 2000.
• Powder Mill Lane housing site was previously used for support services to the explosives factory such as stables, office and accommodation. • Most buildings were demolished except for several structures along the perimeter which were converted to residential as part of the redevelopment. • Investigations and remediation were agreed by the Local Authority prior to development, and the works were completed in 1994.
This report also summarises remediation for the wider gunpowder works.
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 10 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS 6. Site Sensitivity
The following information on geology, hydrogeology and hydrology was obtained from available maps and reports.
6.1 Geology
The BGS online geological map viewer and available borehole data in the vicinity of the Site indicates that the Site is underlain by the following geological sequence:
Geological Unit Description Anticipated Thickness Permeability
Made Ground Made Ground Assumed areas of hard-standing over a Assumed <1m Variable made ground of variable composition Superficial Deposits Alluvium Clay, Silt, Sand and Gravel Around 1m for Alluvium Moderate and around 3.6-4.9m for sand and gravel Solid Geology London Clay Clay, Silt and Sand Up to 150m Low Formation
We have not reviewed BGS borehole data in the vicinity of the Site due to the sufficient evidence/information provided by previous site investigations (referenced in section 5.2 above). Ground conditions prior to remedial works generally comprised: Made Ground at an average of 1.5m thick, but extending to 2.8m in some places, over Alluvium (generally 1m thick); underlain by gravels and sands (3.6m to 4.9m in thickness); underlain by London CLAY. However, during remediation, much of the existing Made Ground was removed from Site, and replaced with “clean” imported clay/hoggin.
6.2 Hydrogeology
Aquifer designation Description Permeability
Superficial deposits
Secondary Aquifer - These aquifers are formed of moderately permeable layers capable of Moderate A supporting water supplies at a local scale, and in some cases forming an important source of base flow to rivers. Bedrock geology
Unproductive Strata The rock layers or drift deposits have a low permeability that have Low negligible significance for water supply or river base flow.
There are nine groundwater abstraction points within 1000m of the Site, with the closest noted below: • Thames Water Utilities Ltd operating under licence number 29/38/09/0157, for public potable water supply – direct use, located 509m south.
According to the Environment Agency the Site lies within a Zone I Source Protection Zone.
Shallow groundwater in the Site area is anticipated to flow in a southerly direction, in line with the River Lee adjacent east.
Phase One // Planning 6.3 Hydrology
The nearest water feature (River Lee) is located 2m east.
There is one surface water abstraction point within 1000m of the Site: • Lee Valley Regional Park Authority, operating under licence number 29/38/08/0188 for metal: non-evaporative cooling, located 555m south.
6.4 Sensitive Land Uses
The following designated eco-receptors were identified within 1000m: • Cornmill Stream And Old River Lea Site of Special Scientific Interest located 159m east • Waltham Abbey Site of Special Scientific Interest located 358m north, • Lee Valley Ramsar Site and Special Protection Area located 509m north west, and; • Turnford & Cheshunt Pits Site of Special Scientific Interest located 509m north west.
In addition, the nearest residential properties are located adjacent north, west and south.
Furthermore, the Site is to be redeveloped, and therefore ground workers and future end users (residents) are considered to be sensitive receptors.
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 12 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS 7. Risk Assessment
The following Conceptual Site Model (CSM) comprises an evaluation of the findings detailed in the previous sections of this report and outlined in the scope of works described in section 1.
7.1 Conceptual Site Model: Outline
The potential for an environmental risk to be present is assessed qualitatively using the contaminant-pathway-receptor concept introduced by Part 2A of the Environmental Protection Act 1990.
The National Planning and Policy Framework (NPPF) details re/development should prevent unacceptable risks from pollution and should ensure that new development is appropriate for its location and its new use and to such a standards that the Site cannot meet the definition of “Contaminated Land”.
In accordance with the above and CLR 11, Model Procedures for the Management of Land Contamination, the following tabulated discussion is based on the observations gathered from the Site inspection and evaluation of the other available information.
7.1.1 Potential Contamination Sources
On Site Contamination Sources Identified Associated Contaminants Waltham Abbey Royal Gunpowder Works from as early as the 14th Heavy metals including Lead and Century - 1991 Mercury, Explosives such as Cordite and Nitroglycerine, Acids including Nitric Acid, Asbestos, Solvents, Hydrocarbons
Asbestos, ash, clinker, heavy metals, Made Ground PAHs and PHs, sulphates, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and ground gases
Superficial deposits: Alluvium Ground gases from decomposition of organic matter
Asbestos Potential for Asbestos Containing Materials (ACMs) in building fabric Off Site Contamination Sources Identified Associated Contaminants The wider Waltham Abbey Royal Gunpowder Works from as early as Heavy metals including Lead and the 14th Century - 1991 Mercury, Explosives such as Cordite and Nitroglycerine, Acids including Nitric Acid, Asbestos, Solvents, Hydrocarbons, ground gases
A landfill recorded under various entries from 73m west; operational Organic and Inorganic contaminants, from 1959 until 1977 leachate, ground gases (Carbon Dioxide and Methane)
Phase One // Planning 7.1.2 Pathways considered
1. Dermal contact 2. Ingestion 3. Inhalation 4. Diffusion 5. Surface run off drainage 6. Vertical migration 7. Lateral migration 8. Plant uptake 9. Building contact
7.1.3 Potential Receptors
Potential Receptors Comments Site users Proposed Site users include ground workers during redevelopment and future end users (residents). Hydrogeology The superficial deposits beneath the Site [Alluvium] are classified as a Secondary (A) Aquifer and expected to have a moderate permeability.
The bedrock geology [London Clay] is classified as an Unproductive Strata and is expected to have a low permeability.
According to the Environment Agency the Site lies within a Zone I Source Protection Zone (SPZ). An SPZ is a protection zone placed around a well or borehole that supplies groundwater of potable quality.
The nearest potable water abstraction to the Site is located 509m from the Site. Hydrology The nearest water feature (River Lee) is located 2m east.
There is one surface water abstraction point within 1000m of the Site: • Lee Valley Regional Park Authority, operating under licence number 29/38/08/0188 for metal: non-evaporative cooling, located 555m south. Eco receptors The following designated eco-receptors were identified within 1000m: • Cornmill Stream And Old River Lea Site of Special Scientific Interest located 159m east, • Waltham Abbey Site of Special Scientific Interest located 358m north, • Lee Valley Ramsar Site and Special Protection Area located 509m north west, and; • Turnford & Cheshunt Pits Site of Special Scientific Interest located 509m north west. Third parties The nearest residential properties are located adjacent north, west and south.
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 14 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS 7.2 Conceptual Site Model: Tabular Summary
Plausible pathway present
Contaminants Organic Inorganic Ground Gases and Acid/Alkali Contaminants Contaminants VOCs
Receptors Site users Groundwater Surface water Eco receptors Third parties Ground workers Buildings /Services
7.3 Conceptual Site Model: Risk Assessment
Based on our evaluation of the CSM and all available information gathered during this study, AEL’s qualitative risk assessment focuses on below ground contamination issues and indicates:
Contaminant Pathway Receptor Risk Waltham Abbey Royal Dermal contact Site users Low to Moderate Gunpowder Works from Ingestion Ground workers as early as the 14th Inhalation Groundwater Century - 1991 Lateral migration Surface water Heavy metals including Lead and Mercury, Vertical migration Third parties Explosives such as Cordite Surface water run off Eco receptors and Nitroglycerine, Acids Plant uptake Buildings/services including Nitric Acid, Asbestos, Solvents, Building contact Hydrocarbons According to historical mapping and information provided by the Local Authority, the Site formed part of the wider Waltham Abbey Royal Gunpowder Works from as early as the 14th Century until 1991. Information from the Local Authority and previous site investigations suggests the Site was used for the manufacture and testing of gunpowder and explosives. However, the area that incorporates the Site (known as Horsemill Stream Housing Estate – Area H) was used as the factory hospital and some explosives storage, but no manufacturing or testing took place in this part of the works. Given the size of the works and the significant period of time it was present, along with the types of contaminants associated with the land use, significant contamination/risk to identified receptors is anticipated. Site investigations carried out when the gunpowder works was redeveloped for housing (see section 5.2 for details) revealed elevated metal contamination and asbestos detected in soil samples, which would present a risk to identified receptors. However, between 1992 and 1995 the Site was remediated, which included removal of buildings and foundations, and removal of made ground for off-site disposal. Sampling and laboratory analysis of the imported fill and soils was also completed. A total of 187 confirmatory soil samples of remediated surfaces were taken for laboratory analysis, which
Phase One // Planning indicated the remediation works effectively removed the majority of the contamination. A demonstrated improvement of groundwater quality had also occurred due to the removal of contaminant sources and residual levels were not a concern. A review of the site investigations and remediation undertaken for the former Waltham Abbey Royal Gunpowder Works was carried out in 2018 for the Local Authority by an external consultant, who indicated the remediation had been acceptable and that the Site was suitable for residential use. Additional enquiries to the Local Authority confirmed the remediation is considered acceptable for new developments, and that where a full planning application is made, only 'unexpected contamination' planning conditions should be attached. Due to the remediation undertaken, and the Local Authority's view on the works, the risk to identified receptors is not considered to be significant. In addition, any residual contamination is likely to have degraded and dispersed over the 20+ years since the works was cleared. As a result, no further significant works are recommended for the proposed development. However, as the proposals for redevelopment includes ground works (which present an additional pathway for direct dermal contact, ingestion and inhalation), ground workers should wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to reduce exposure potential to any residual contamination, please see recommendations on page 2.
Contaminant Pathway Receptor Risk Made Ground Dermal contact Site users Low to Moderate Asbestos, ash, clinker, Ingestion Ground workers heavy metals, PAHs and Inhalation Groundwater PHs, sulphates, Volatile Lateral migration Surface water Organic Compounds (VOCs) and ground gases Vertical migration Third parties Surface water run off Eco receptors Plant uptake Buildings/services Building contact Made ground is a consideration on all brownfield sites. Given the previous use of the Site, it is plausible that the composition of the Made Ground is a risk to identified receptors. Previous site investigations completed in the 1990s (see section 5.2 for details) indicated that made ground in the area of the Site was contaminated by metals, sulphate and mineral oils, low levels of explosives and asbestos – with a thickness of around 1.5m. However, as part of the redevelopment of the former gunpowder works, the majority of made ground was removed for off-site disposal and clean material imported, which was validated by laboratory testing. As such, it is likely the majority of contaminants would have been removed and no longer underlie the Site. Due to removal of the made ground, the thickness is also no longer anticipated to present a ground gas risk to identified receptors (confirmed by gas monitoring in the 1990s which indicated that ground gas protection measures were not required). As a result, no significant plausible linkage has been identified. As the proposals for redevelopment includes ground works (which present an additional pathway for direct dermal contact, ingestion and inhalation), ground workers should wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to reduce exposure potential to any residual contamination. In order to account for any residual risk, please see recommendations on page 2.
Contaminant Pathway Receptor Risk Superficial deposits: Inhalation Site users Low Alluvium Diffusion Ground workers Ground gases Building contact Third parties Buildings/services The superficial deposits beneath the Site comprise of Alluvium, which is likely to have a high organic content. Degradation of this matter can cause gas generation which could lead to a problem if gases are able to build up in confined spaces. However, ground gas generation in natural organic soils is not ongoing or is very low as the gas is historically produced and effectively trapped in pore spaces of the soil and therefore does not present a significant risk to identified receptors. This is supported by information from previous site investigation reports (see section 5.2) for the Site and wider
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 16 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS housing estate, which indicated that the thickness of Alluvium in the area is only around 1m. Following remediation works, two ground gas monitoring visits were taken in August 1995 and March 1996 from five ground gas sampling wells. Based on the results, the report indicated that ground gas protection measures were not required for the residential development.
Contaminant Pathway Receptor Risk Potential for Asbestos Inhalation Site users Low Containing Materials Ground workers (ACMs) in building fabric Third parties Asbestos
Due to the age of the building on Site, the building fabric could include ACMs. In there current state, such materials are unlikely to present a risk to human health. However, if disturbed during redevelopment, asbestos fibres may be released which could present a risk to site users (including ground workers and future residents) and nearby residents. As such, a full demolition and refurbishment asbestos survey should be carried out before any work is progressed, to confirm the presence of ACMs (or lack of), and make suitable recommendations for removal or making-safe if needed. Providing the recommendations made within the survey are followed, the risk to identified receptors is considered low. Finally, ground workers are anticipated to wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) during the redevelopment, which will further reduce the acute exposure potential.
Contaminant Pathway Receptor Risk The wider Waltham Abbey Lateral migration Site users Low to Moderate Royal Gunpowder Works from Groundwater as early as the 14th Century - Ground workers 1991 Buildings/services Heavy metals including Lead and Mercury, Explosives such as Cordite and Nitroglycerine, Acids including Nitric Acid, Asbestos, Solvents, Hydrocarbons, ground gases According to historical mapping and information provided by the Local Authority, the Site formed part of the wider Waltham Abbey Royal Gunpowder Works from as early as the 14th Century until 1991. Information from the Local Authority and previous site investigations suggests the Site was used for the manufacture and testing of gunpowder and explosives. Given the size of the works and the significant period of time it was present, along with the types of contaminants associated with the land use, significant contamination/risk to identified receptors is anticipated. This was proven by former site investigations carried out when parts of the gunpowder works was redeveloped for housing (see section 5.2 for details). Results from investigations in 1992 included elevated metal contamination and asbestos detected in soil samples, which would present a risk to identified receptors. However, the wider housing estate (which extends 50m west of the site, and nearly 200m north and south) was remediated between 1992 and 1995, which included removal of buildings and foundations, and removal of made ground for off-site disposal. A canal in the wider area, originally filled with demolition materials and pits filled with tar material were excavated to natural sand/gravel level and the voids filled with Hoggin/clay. Sampling and laboratory analysis of the imported fill and soils was also completed. The wider gunpowder works beyond the immediate housing estate has also been remediated (including the commercial area to the north and north east comprising of 63 hectares, under planning reference EPF/0625/93 and EPF/0500/07. Powder Mill Lane Housing estate to the east was also investigated and remediated as agreed by the Local Authority, which was completed in 1994. Due to the remediation that took place in the wider area, no significant contaminant linkage has been identified which could cause harm to receptors. Whilst previous reports confirm residual contamination is known to be present on the periphery of the Horsemill Stream housing estate in the base of a former canal and beneath a road, these were both capped. Residual risk can also be managed be implementing the recommendations on page 2.
Phase One // Planning Contaminant Pathway Receptor Risk A landfill recorded under Lateral migration Site users Low to Moderate various entries from 73m west; Diffusion Groundwater operational from 1959 until Ground workers 1977: Buildings/services Organic and Inorganic contaminants, leachate, ground gases (Carbon Dioxide and Methane) Data indicates a number of landfill entries (which all appear to relate to the same landfill) from 73m west, located at Waltham and Cheshunt Marshes. The landfill is recorded as accepting inert, industrial and commercial waste operational from 31st December 1959 until 31st December 1977. According to historical mapping, the landfill may have related to former quarrying activities in the area. It is also possible waste from the previous gunpowder works formed part of the fill material. Given the length of time it was operational, the size of the landfill and the types of waste accepted, it is plausible associated contaminants could impact identified receptors. However, given the length of time since the landfill was operational (40+ years), any associated contaminants are likely to degraded over time, and maximum gassing potential would have surpassed. In addition, previous site investigations undertaken in the 1990s (as part of the redevelopment of the former gunpowder works), incorporated ground gas monitoring which indicated that ground gas protection measures were not required for the residential development. We understand from the review of previous reports that due to the limited gas monitoring conducted during the original investigation, all residential buildings in the development were constructed with some form of ventilation beneath the ground floor slab to prevent build up of gases and precautions to prevent migration of gases into buildings. Despite the limited risk of migration of gas into the proposed development, it would be prudent to make sure the proposed extension of the property also incorporates similar ventilation as the existing. Furthermore, despite the fact that the underlying superficial geology is anticipated to have a moderate permeability, any residual contaminants are expected to be moving in a southerly direction in line with anticipated groundwater flow in the area.
7.4 Environmental Risk Assessment
Planning Issues Risk Comment
Minor issues Low to The Site and wider area historically formed part of the Waltham Abbey identified Moderate Royal Gunpowder Works. However, the Site and wider area was remediated in the 1990s, including removal of contaminated made ground and installing capping layers. The Local Authority are satisfied the remediation was compliant with current standards and is suitable for new developments in the area. As such, no significant contaminant linkages have been identified that could cause harm to the proposed development. Any residual risk can be managed by implementing the recommendations on page 2.
Overall Risk Rating Low to Moderate Overall Liability Assessment Although plausible contaminant linkages have been identified with the proposed redevelopment, we do not consider these to be significant. Therefore, the risk under the planning regime (NPPF) is considered to be low to moderate. It is unlikely that the Local Authority will require any further investigations as part of the proposed redevelopment.
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 18 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS Appendix 1 –Environmental Data
Contents of the Data Section
Tabular Summary This section presents a tabular summary of information found for the Site and surrounding area. The data is presented in three buffer zones for ease of reference: data found at the Site, from 1-250m and from 251-500m.
If a database has been searched the number of records found will be displayed under the relevant search band. If a database is not available or has not been searched, this will be represented by the abbreviation N/A under the relevant search band.
Current Land Use This section provides information on current land uses and is divided into three sections, statutory information, waste and current industrial uses. It is preceded by two maps.
The accurate large-scale Site Layout Plan confirms the Site boundary with statutory, waste and current land use information presented within 250m.
The smaller scale map Site Location Map presents the Site’s setting and statutory, waste and current land use information within 500m of the Site boundary.
Statutory This section presents detailed statutory information for the Site and surrounding area (up to 500m depending upon Information dataset). The Map ID of each feature is indicated (where applicable) followed by specific information on each feature and its distance and direction from the Site.
Waste This section presents detailed information on waste and landfill sites for the Site and surrounding area (up to 500m depending upon dataset). The Map ID of each feature is indicated (where applicable) followed by specific information on each feature and its distance and direction from the Site.
Current Industrial This section presents detailed information on current land use for the Site and surrounding area (0-250m). The Map Land Use ID of each feature is indicated (where applicable) followed by specific information on each feature and its distance and direction from the Site.
Historical Land This section presents selected information on historical land use for the Site and surrounding area (0-500m). These Use features are not mapped. A table listing the historical maps used in the risk assessment is also provided.
Aquifer This section is preceded by two maps that present information relating to the aquifer designations beneath the Designations and Site. The first of these maps indicates the designation of the Superficial geology. The second map presents the Geology aquifer designation of the solid geology.
These maps are followed by detailed information in relation to aquifer designations/groundwater vulnerability and geology at the Site and surrounding area (0-500m).
Environmental This section presents detailed information on the environmental sensitivity of the Site and surrounding area (up to Sensitivity 500m depending upon dataset) and is preceded by two maps. The first shows areas with statutory designations, the second shows source protection zones. The Map ID of each feature is indicated (where applicable) followed by specific information on each feature and its distance and direction from the Site.
Natural and This section contains information on natural and mining related hazards which may affect the Site. These include Mining Related subsidence, radon and mining. Hazards
© Landmark Information Group Limited 2019. All Rights Reserved. The copyright on the information and data as contained in the Data section of
Phase One // Planning this Report ("Report") is the property of Landmark Information Group Limited ("Landmark") and several other Data Providers, including (but not limited to) Ordnance Survey, British Geological Survey, the Environment Agency and English Nature, and must not be reproduced in whole or in part by photocopying or any other method.
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 20 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS Tabular Summary
Statutory Information On-site 1-250m 251-500m
Local Authority Pollution Prevention and Controls 0 0 1
Local Authority Integrated Pollution Prevention and Controls 0 0 0
Integrated Pollution Controls 0 0 0
Integrated Pollution Prevention And Control 0 0 0
Registered Radioactive Substances 0 0 0
Discharge Consents 0 0 10
Water Industry Act Referrals 0 0 0
Control of Major Accident Hazards Sites 0 0 0
Explosive Sites 0 0 0
Notification of Installations Handling Hazardous Substances 0 0 0
Planning Hazardous Substance Consents 0 0 0
Contaminated Land Register Entries and Notices 0 0 0
Local Authority Pollution Prevention and Control Enforcements 0 0 0
Enforcement and Prohibition Notices 0 0 0
Planning Hazardous Substance Enforcements 0 0 0
Substantiated Pollution Incident Register 0 0 0
Prosecutions Relating to Authorised Processes 0 0 0
Prosecutions Relating to Controlled Waters 0 0 0
Waste On-site 1-250m 251-500m *(501 - 750m)
BGS Recorded Landfill Sites 0 1 1 (1) *
Integrated Pollution Control Registered Waste Sites 0 0 0
Licensed Waste Management Facilities (Landfill Boundaries) 0 0 0
Licensed Waste Management Facilities (Locations) 0 0 0 (0) *
Local Authority Recorded Landfill Sites 0 1 3 (3) *
Registered Landfill Sites 0 0 0 (1) *
Registered Waste Transfer Sites 0 0 0
Registered Waste Treatment or Disposal Sites 0 0 0
Historical Landfill Sites 0 1 3
Current Land Use On-site 1-250m 251-500m
Contemporary Trade Directory Entries 0 6 18
Fuel Station Entries 0 0 0
Historical Land Use On-site 1-250m 251-500m
Historical Tanks And Energy Facilities 0 2 11
Former Marshes 0 0 0
Potentially Infilled Land (Non-Water) 0 0 0
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 21 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS Historical Land Use On-site 1-250m 251-500m
Potentially Infilled Land (Water) 0 5 4
Groundwater Vulnerability On-site 1-250m 251-500m
Superficial Aquifer Designations 1 0 0
Bedrock Aquifer Designations 1 0 0
BGS 1:50,000 Bedrock Geology 1 0 0
BGS 1:50,000 Superficial Deposits 1 0 1
BGS 1:50,000 Geological Mapping Coverage 1 0 0
BGS 1:625,000 Solid Geology 1 N/A N/A
BGS Borehole Logs 0 0 N/A
Environmental Sensitivity On-site 1-250m 251-500m *(501 - 1km)
Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty 0 0 0
Environmentally Sensitive Areas 0 0 0
Forest Parks 0 0 0
Local Nature Reserves 0 0 0 (0) *
Marine Nature Reserves 0 0 0 (0) *
National Nature Reserves 0 0 0 (0) *
National Parks 0 0 0
National Scenic Areas 0 0 0
Nitrate Sensitive Areas 0 N/A N/A
Nitrate Vulnerable Zones 1 N/A N/A
Ramsar Sites 0 0 0 (1) *
River Quality Biology Sampling Points 0 0 0
River Quality Chemistry Sampling Points 0 0 0
Nearest Surface Water Feature 0 1 0
Sites of Special Scientific Interest 0 1 1 (1) *
Special Areas of Conservation 0 0 0 (0) *
Special Protection Areas 0 0 0 (1) *
Water Abstractions 0 0 0 (10)*
Source Protection Zones 2 0 0
Natural and Mining Related Hazards On-site 1-250m 251-500m
Collapsible Ground Stability Hazards 1 0 N/A
Compressible Ground Stability Hazards 1 0 N/A
Ground Dissolution Stability Hazards 1 0 N/A
Landslide Ground Stability Hazards 1 0 N/A
Running Sand Ground Stability Hazards 1 0 N/A
Shrinking or Swelling Clay Subsidence Hazards 1 1 N/A
Non-Coal Mining Hazards 0 0 N/A
Radon Potential 1 N/A N/A
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 22 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS Natural and Mining Related Hazards On-site 1-250m 251-500m
Radon Protection Measures 1 N/A N/A
Brine Compensation Areas 0 N/A N/A
Coal Mining Affected Areas 0 N/A N/A
Natural and Mining Cavities 0 0 0
Mining Instability 0 0 N/A
BGS Recorded Mineral Sites 0 0 1
Tabular Summary Explanation
Argyll has carefully selected a range of datasets which are considered appropriate for the intended use of this report. Each dataset is searched to a set radius from the Site boundary and the tabular summary is divided into different search bands accordingly. If a database is searched and information is found, then the number of records available are detailed in the table above. If the database was searched and no data was found, then a zero will be present. If a database was not searched then the abbreviation N/A will be found, indicating this information was not available at the radius searched.
Landfill Site Information
Registered landfill site boundaries (where available), are shown on the map as a red diagonal hatched polygon and referred to in the map legend as Registered Landfill Sites. At present no complete national dataset exists for landfill site boundaries, therefore a point grid reference provided by the data supplier is used for some landfill sites. The point grid references supplied provide only an approximate position, and can vary from the site entrance to the centre of the site. A point cannot properly define landfill boundaries therefore Landmark constructs a 250 metre or 100 metre "buffer" zone around the point to warn of the possible presence of landfill. The "buffer" zone is shown on the map as an orange crosshatched area and is referred to in the map legend as Potential Landfill Buffer.
Local Authority landfill data is sourced from individual local authorities that were able to provide information on sites operating prior to the introduction of the Control of Pollution Act (COPA) in 1974. Appropriate authorities are listed under Local Authority Landfill Coverage with an indication of whether or not they were able to make landfill data available. Details of any records identified are disclosed. You should be aware that if the local authority had landfill data but passed it to the relevant Environment Agency office, it does not necessarily mean that local authority landfill data is now included in our other Landfill datasets. In addition if no data has been made available for all or part of the search area, you should be aware that a negative response under 'Local Authority Recorded Landfill Sites' does not necessarily confirm that no local authority landfills exist.
Subsidence Hazards
Information on subsidence hazards is provided by the British Geological Survey (BGS). Information present within 250m of the Site is reported under Natural and Mining Related Hazards. Due to the level of detail of this data and the complexities of the real world, the BGS recommends a precautionary approach when using this information and advises taking the worst reading noted for each dataset within the vicinity of a property. Therefore, Argyll reports the presence of a ground stability or non-coal related mining hazard in the Risk Analysis section based on the highest reading found within 50m of the Site boundary.
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 23 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Site Solutions // Inspect 24 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Site Solutions // Inspect 25 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS Statutory Information
Map Details Distance Direction ID Authorisations
Local Authority Pollution Prevention and Controls
1 Name: Jewson Ltd, Location: Bridge House Wharf, Lea Road, WALTHAM ABBEY, Essex, EN8 389m SW 7PJ, Authority: Broxbourne Borough Council, Environmental Health Department, Permit Ref: 19, Dated: Not Supplied, Process Type: Local Authority Air Pollution Control, Description: PG6/2 Manufacture of timber and wood-based products, Status: Authorisation revoked, Positional Accuracy: Manually positioned to the address or location. No authorised processes have been found. Discharges Discharge Consents
2 Operator: Thames Water Utilities Ltd, Property Type: PUMPING STATION ON SEWERAGE 347m S NETWORK (WATER COMPANY), Location: Post Office, Highbridge Street, Post Officehighbridge Street, Authority: Environment Agency, Thames Region, Catchment Area: Not Supplied, Permit Ref: Temp.1718, Permit Version: 2, Effective Date: 3rd September 2010, Issued Date: 3rd September 2010, Revocation Date: 19th August 2014, Discharge Type: Sewage Discharges - Pumping Station - Water Company, Discharge Environment: Freshwater Stream/River, Receiving Water: Old River Lee, Status: Surrendered under EPR 2010, Positional Accuracy: Located by supplier to within 100m.
3 Operator: Thames Water Utilities Ltd, Property Type: PUMPING STATION ON SEWERAGE 347m S NETWORK (WATER COMPANY), Location: Post Office, Highbridge Street, Post Officehighbridge Street, Authority: Environment Agency, Thames Region, Catchment Area: Not Supplied, Permit Ref: Temp.1718, Permit Version: 1, Effective Date: 2nd November 1989, Issued Date: 2nd November 1989, Revocation Date: 2nd September 2010, Discharge Type: Sewage Discharges - Pumping Station - Water Company, Discharge Environment: Freshwater Stream/River, Receiving Water: Old River Lee, Status: Temporary Consents (Water Act 1989, Section 113), Positional Accuracy: Located by supplier to within 100m.
4 Operator: Epping Forest District Council, Property Type: SPORT, 365m SE AMUSEMENT+RECREATION/GOLF CLUB/GYM/THEME PK/SPA, Location: Elphwood Scout Hall, Cornmill, Waltham Abbey, Authority: Environment Agency, Thames Region, Catchment Area: Not Supplied, Permit Ref: Ctwc.1650, Permit Version: 1, Effective Date: 9th June 1987, Issued Date: 9th June 1987, Revocation Date: 14th January 1992, Discharge Type: Discharge Of Other Matter-Surface Water, Discharge Environment: Freshwater Stream/River, Receiving Water: Old River Lea Or Lee, Status: Authorisation revoked, Positional Accuracy: Located by supplier to within 10m.
5 Operator: Thames Water Utilities Ltd, Property Type: PUMPING STATION ON SEWERAGE 368m SW NETWORK (WATER COMPANY), Location: Marsh, Highbridge St / Lea Road, W, Marsh, Highbridge St / Lea Road, W, Authority: Environment Agency, Thames Region, Catchment Area: Not Supplied, Permit Ref: Temp.1473, Permit Version: 2, Effective Date: 3rd September 2010, Issued Date: 3rd September 2010, Revocation Date: 13th October 2015, Discharge Type: Sewage Discharges - Pumping Station - Water Company, Discharge Environment: Freshwater Stream/River, Receiving Water: Small River Lee, Status: Surrendered under EPR 2010, Positional Accuracy: Located by supplier to within 100m.
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 26 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS Map Details Distance Direction ID
6 Operator: Thames Water Utilities Ltd, Property Type: PUMPING STATION ON SEWERAGE 368m SW NETWORK (WATER COMPANY), Location: Marsh, Highbridge St / Lea Road, W, Marsh, Highbridge St / Lea Road, W, Authority: Environment Agency, Thames Region, Catchment Area: Not Supplied, Permit Ref: Temp.1473, Permit Version: 1, Effective Date: 2nd November 1989, Issued Date: 2nd November 1989, Revocation Date: 2nd September 2010, Discharge Type: Sewage Discharges - Pumping Station - Water Company, Discharge Environment: Freshwater Stream/River, Receiving Water: Small River Lee, Status: Temporary Consents (Water Act 1989, Section 113), Positional Accuracy: Located by supplier to within 100m.
7 Operator: Lee Valley Regional Park Authority, Property Type: SPORT, 424m E AMUSEMENT+RECREATION/GOLF CLUB/GYM/THEME PK/SPA, Location: Abbey Farmhouse Information Centre, Abbey Gardens, Waltham Abbey, Essex, Authority: Environment Agency, Thames Region, Catchment Area: Not Supplied, Permit Ref: Ctwc.1982, Permit Version: 1, Effective Date: 30th October 1987, Issued Date: 30th October 1987, Revocation Date: 30th April 1992, Discharge Type: Discharge Of Other Matter-Surface Water, Discharge Environment: Freshwater Stream/River, Receiving Water: Cornmill Stream, Status: Authorisation revoked, Positional Accuracy: Located by supplier to within 100m.
8 Operator: Caracola Developments Ltd, Property Type: Undefined Or Other, Location: Development 431m SE At Church Street/Leverton Way, Waltham Abbey, Essex, Authority: Environment Agency, Thames Region, Catchment Area: Not Supplied, Permit Ref: Ctwc.2463, Permit Version: 1, Effective Date: 26th May 1988, Issued Date: 26th May 1988, Revocation Date: 2nd August 1991, Discharge Type: Discharge Of Other Matter-Surface Water, Discharge Environment: Freshwater Stream/River, Receiving Water: Cornmill Stream, Status: Authorisation revoked, Positional Accuracy: Located by supplier to within 10m.
9 Operator: Watling House Developments, Property Type: Undefined Or Other, Location: Gates Of 436m S Waltham Abbey, 75 Highbridge Street, Waltham Abbey, Essex, Authority: Environment Agency, Thames Region, Catchment Area: Not Given, Permit Ref: Ctwc.2411, Permit Version: 1, Effective Date: 12th May 1988, Issued Date: 12th May 1988, Revocation Date: 19th September 1996, Discharge Type: Discharge Of Other Matter-Surface Water, Discharge Environment: Freshwater Stream/River, Receiving Water: Old River Lee, Status: Authorisation revoked, Positional Accuracy: Located by supplier to within 100m.
10 Operator: Thames Water Utilities Ltd, Property Type: PUMPING STATION ON SEWERAGE 449m SE NETWORK (WATER COMPANY), Location: Town Hall, Highbridge Street, Wa, Town Hall, Highbridge Street, Wa, Authority: Environment Agency, Thames Region, Catchment Area: Not Supplied, Permit Ref: Temp.2122, Permit Version: 1, Effective Date: 2nd November 1989, Issued Date: 2nd November 1989, Revocation Date: 2nd September 2010, Discharge Type: Sewage Discharges - Pumping Station - Water Company, Discharge Environment: Freshwater Stream/River, Receiving Water: Cornmill Stream, Status: Temporary Consents (Water Act 1989, Section 113), Positional Accuracy: Located by supplier to within 100m.
11 Operator: Thames Water Utilities Ltd, Property Type: PUMPING STATION ON SEWERAGE 449m SE NETWORK (WATER COMPANY), Location: Town Hall, Highbridge Street, Wa, Town Hall, Highbridge Street, Wa, Authority: Environment Agency, Thames Region, Catchment Area: Not Supplied, Permit Ref: Temp.2122, Permit Version: 2, Effective Date: 3rd September 2010, Issued Date: 3rd September 2010, Revocation Date: 19th August 2014, Discharge Type: Sewage Discharges - Pumping Station - Water Company, Discharge Environment: Freshwater Stream/River, Receiving Water: Cornmill Stream, Status: Surrendered under EPR 2010, Positional Accuracy: Located by supplier to within 100m. Hazardous Sites
No hazardous sites have been found. Contraventions
No contraventions have been found.
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 27 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS Waste
Map Details Distance Direction ID Waste/Landfill Sites
Local Authority Landfill Coverage
Essex County Council - Has supplied landfill data
Epping Forest District Council - Has not been able to supply Landfill data
Broxbourne Borough Council - Has supplied landfill data
Hertfordshire County Council - Has supplied landfill data BGS Recorded Landfill Sites
12 Name: W A Quarry, Location: WALTHAM ABBEY, Essex, Authority: British Geological Survey, 102m W National Geoscience Information Service, Ground Water: Information not available, Surface Water: Information not available, Geology: N/A, Positional Accuracy: Positioned by the supplier, Boundary Accuracy: Derived.
13 Name: Town Mead Tip, Location: Brooker Rd, WALTHAM ABBEY, Essex, Authority: British 392m S Geological Survey, National Geoscience Information Service, Ground Water: Information not available, Surface Water: Information not available, Geology: N/A, Positional Accuracy: Positioned by the supplier, Boundary Accuracy: Good.
Name: Cheshunt (Lea Marshes), Location: Herts, Authority: British Geological Survey, National 638m W Geoscience Information Service, Ground Water: Information not available, Surface Water: Information not available, Geology: N/A, Positional Accuracy: Positioned by the supplier, Boundary Accuracy: Moderate. Local Authority Recorded Landfill Sites
19 Location: Waltham Marshes, Reference: 22/421/03, Authority: Essex County Council, Last 73m W Reported Status: Not Supplied, Types of Waste: Not Supplied, Date of Closure: Not Supplied, Boundary Quality: Good, Positional Accuracy: Positioned by the supplier.
20 Location: Not Supplied, Reference: 1057, Authority: Broxbourne Borough Council, Last Reported 287m SW Status: Not Supplied, Types of Waste: Not Supplied, Date of Closure: Not Supplied, Boundary Quality: Good, Positional Accuracy: Positioned by the supplier.
21 Location: Town Mead, Brooker Road, Waltham Abbey, Reference: 22/421/06, Authority: Essex 392m S County Council, Last Reported Status: Not Supplied, Types of Waste: Not Supplied, Date of Closure: Not Supplied, Boundary Quality: Good, Positional Accuracy: Positioned by the supplier.
22 Location: Cheshunt Marsh, Waltham Abbey, Reference: 978, Authority: Broxbourne Borough 456m W Council, Last Reported Status: Not Supplied, Types of Waste: Not Supplied, Date of Closure: Not Supplied, Boundary Quality: Good, Positional Accuracy: Positioned by the supplier.
Location: Cheshunt Marsh (Nth), Reference: 2624, Authority: Broxbourne Borough Council, Last 691m W Reported Status: Not Supplied, Types of Waste: Not Supplied, Date of Closure: Not Supplied, Boundary Quality: Good, Positional Accuracy: Positioned by the supplier.
23 Location: Eleanor Road Cross, Reference: 3, Authority: Broxbourne Borough Council, Last 699m SW Reported Status: Not Supplied, Types of Waste: Not Supplied, Date of Closure: Not Supplied, Boundary Quality: Good, Positional Accuracy: Positioned by the supplier.
Location: Cheshunt Marsh (Sth), Reference: 2628, Authority: Broxbourne Borough Council, Last 724m W Reported Status: Not Supplied, Types of Waste: Not Supplied, Date of Closure: Not Supplied, Boundary Quality: Good, Positional Accuracy: Positioned by the supplier. Registered Landfill Sites
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 28 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS Map Details Distance Direction ID
24 Licence Holder: St Albans Sand & Gravel Co Ltd, Licence Reference: 19/77, Site Location: 513m W Cheshunt Marsh, Station Road, Waltham Abbey, Essex, Easting: 537150, Northing: 200900, Operator Location: RMC House, High Street, FELTHAM, Middlesex, TW13 4HD, Authority: Environment Agency - Thames Region, North East Area, Site Category: Landfill, Maximum Input Rate: Undefined, Waste Source Restrictions: No known restriction on source of waste, Dated: 1st June 1977, Preceded By Licence: Not Given, Superseded By Licence: Not Given, Positional Accuracy: Manually positioned to the address or location, Boundary Accuracy: Not Applicable, Authorised Waste: 1. solid inert com. & ind. non-haz. waste, Prohibited Waste: 1.Liq./Slurry/Sludges Alone Or In Admix., 2.Oils Alone Or In Admix., 3.Waste N.O.S.. Historical Landfill Sites
14 Licence Holder: Not Supplied, Location: Waltham Abbey, Essex, Name: Waltham Marshes, 97m SW Operator Location: Not Supplied, Boundary Accuracy: As Supplied, Provider Reference: EAHLD10945, First Input Date: 31st December 1959, Last Input Date: 31st December 1977, Specified Waste Type: Deposited Waste included Inert, Industrial and Commercial Waste, EA Waste Ref: 0, Regis Ref: Not Supplied, WRC Ref: 1500/0663, BGS Ref: Not Supplied, Other Ref: EPP046
15 Licence Holder: Not Supplied, Location: Chesunt Marsh, Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, Name: 285m SW Cheshunt Marsh, Operator Location: Not Supplied, Boundary Accuracy: As Supplied, Provider Reference: EAHLD10946, First Input Date: 31st December 1959, Last Input Date: 31st December 1977, Specified Waste Type: Deposited Waste included Inert, Industrial and Commercial Waste, EA Waste Ref: 0, Regis Ref: Not Supplied, WRC Ref: 1500/0664, BGS Ref: 384, Other Ref: EPP047
16 Licence Holder: Not Supplied, Location: Town Mead, Waltham Abbey, Name: Town Mead, 380m S Operator Location: Not Supplied, Boundary Accuracy: As Supplied, Provider Reference: EAHLD10949, First Input Date: 31st July 1964, Last Input Date: 31st December 1975, Specified Waste Type: Deposited Waste included Inert and Commercial Waste, EA Waste Ref: 0, Regis Ref: Not Supplied, WRC Ref: 1500/0641, BGS Ref: 189, Other Ref: EPP024
17 Licence Holder: St Albans Sand and Gravel Company Limited, Location: Waltham Abbey, Essex, 454m W Name: Cheshunt Marsh, Operator Location: RMC House, High Street, Feltham, Middlesex, Boundary Accuracy: As Supplied, Provider Reference: EAHLD10884, First Input Date: 31st December 1977, Last Input Date: 31st December 1987, Specified Waste Type: Deposited Waste included Industrial, Commercial and Household Waste, EA Waste Ref: 0, Regis Ref: Not Supplied, WRC Ref: 1500/0627, BGS Ref: Not Supplied, Other Ref: AP-758, 019/77, EPP005
Licence Holder: Amalgamated Roadstone Corporation Limited, Location: Chesunt Marsh, 637m W Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, Name: Cheshunt Marsh North, Operator Location: Not Supplied, Boundary Accuracy: As Supplied, Provider Reference: EAHLD12330, First Input Date: Not Supplied, Last Input Date: 2nd June 1977, Specified Waste Type: Deposited Waste included Inert Waste, EA Waste Ref: 0, Regis Ref: Not Supplied, WRC Ref: 1900/0209, BGS Ref: 1552, Other Ref: HCC/176
18 Licence Holder: Twickengam Gravel Company Limited, Location: Waltham Cross, Hertfordshire, 698m SW Name: Eleanor Cross Road, Operator Location: Not Supplied, Boundary Accuracy: As Supplied, Provider Reference: EAHLD09969, First Input Date: 1st January 1939, Last Input Date: Not Supplied, Specified Waste Type: Deposited Waste included Inert Waste, EA Waste Ref: 0, Regis Ref: Not Supplied, WRC Ref: 1900/0218, BGS Ref: Not Supplied, Other Ref: HCC/006, HCC/048, HCC/049
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 29 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS Current Land Use
Map Details Distance Direction ID Current Potentially Contaminative Uses
Contemporary Trade Directory Entries
26 Car Engine Tuning & Diagnostic Services, Name: Elite Tuning 123m NW
Status: Inactive, Location: 3, Patrick Grove, Beaulieu Drive, Waltham Abbey, Essex, EN9 1JW, Positional Accuracy: Automatically positioned to the address.
27 Air Conditioning & Refrigeration Contractors, Name: Ecofactor Ltd 132m NE
Status: Active, Location: Powdermill Lane, Waltham Abbey, Essex, EN9 1BN, Positional Accuracy: Manually positioned within the geographical locality.
28 Electrical Goods Sales, Manufacturers & Wholesalers, Name: Innovative Power Solutions Ltd 146m E
Status: Inactive, Location: 1, Cannon Mews, Waltham Abbey, Essex, EN9 1JF, Positional Accuracy: Automatically positioned to the address.
29 Commercial Cleaning Services, Name: Dublcheck 165m NW
Status: Inactive, Location: 6, Gregory Mews, Beaulieu Drive, Waltham Abbey, Essex, EN9 1JX, Positional Accuracy: Automatically positioned to the address.
30 Domestic Appliances - Servicing, Repairs & Parts, Name: Lea Valley Electrics 170m SE
Status: Inactive, Location: 1, Powdermill Mews, Waltham Abbey, Essex, EN9 1JG, Positional Accuracy: Automatically positioned to the address.
31 Road Haulage Services, Name: F R L Haulage Ltd 175m SE
Status: Active, Location: 7, Walton Gardens, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1BL, Positional Accuracy: Automatically positioned to the address.
32 Boilers - Servicing, Replacements & Repairs, Name: Warmhouse Services Ltd 346m SE
Status: Inactive, Location: 26, Highbridge Street, Waltham Abbey, Essex, EN9 1BS, Positional Accuracy: Automatically positioned to the address.
33 Garage Services, Name: Lea Motors Ltd 360m SW
Status: Active, Location: 25 Station Road, Waltham Abbey, Essex, EN9 1AA, Positional Accuracy: Manually positioned to the road within the address or location.
34 Boilers - Servicing, Replacements & Repairs, Name: Russels Plumbing 371m SE
Status: Inactive, Location: 17, Highbridge Street, Waltham Abbey, Essex, EN9 1BZ, Positional Accuracy: Automatically positioned to the address.
35 Jewellery Manufacturers & Repairers, Name: Milestone Jewellery Services 383m SE
Status: Inactive, Location: A, 15, Highbridge Street, Waltham Abbey, Essex, EN9 1BZ, Positional Accuracy: Automatically positioned to the address.
36 Builders' Merchants, Name: Jewson Ltd 385m SW
Status: Inactive, Location: Bridge House Wharf, Lea Road, Waltham Abbey, Essex, EN9 1AZ, Positional Accuracy: Automatically positioned to the address.
37 Engineers - General, Name: Highbridge Turned Parts Ltd 389m SE
Status: Inactive, Location: 23a, Highbridge Street, Waltham Abbey, Essex, EN9 1BZ, Positional Accuracy: Automatically positioned to the address.
38 Builders' Merchants, Name: Jewson 403m SW
Status: Active, Location: Jewson, Bridge House Wharf, Lea Road, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1AB, Positional Accuracy: Automatically positioned to the address.
39 Garage Services, Name: Adtec 408m SW
Status: Inactive, Location: Unit 1a, Lea Road, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1AE, Positional Accuracy: Automatically positioned to the address.
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 30 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS Map Details Distance Direction ID
40 Garage Services, Name: Adtec 408m SW
Status: Inactive, Location: Unit 1a, Lea Road, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1AE, Positional Accuracy: Automatically positioned to the address.
41 Car Paint & Lacquer Manufacturers & Suppliers, Name: Carpaints Group Ltd 418m SW
Status: Inactive, Location: 1-18, Lea Road, Waltham Abbey, Essex, EN9 1DD, Positional Accuracy: Automatically positioned to the address.
42 Pallets, Crates & Packing Cases, Name: T & P Pallets Ltd 438m SW
Status: Inactive, Location: 41, Station Road, Waltham Abbey, Essex, EN9 1AA, Positional Accuracy: Automatically positioned to the address.
43 Pallets, Crates & Packing Cases, Name: P R Pallets Ltd 453m SW
Status: Active, Location: 40, Station Road, Waltham Abbey, Essex, EN9 1AA, Positional Accuracy: Automatically positioned to the address.
44 Dairies, Name: Bowes Dairies Ltd 453m SW
Status: Inactive, Location: 40, Station Road, Waltham Abbey, Essex, EN9 1AA, Positional Accuracy: Automatically positioned to the address.
45 Furniture - Reproduction, Name: Wilcox Bros Ltd 477m SW
Status: Inactive, Location: Miller, Lea Rd, Waltham Abbey, Essex, EN9 1AE, Positional Accuracy: Manually positioned to the road within the address or location.
46 Waste Disposal Services, Name: Ecovend Reverse Vending 481m SW
Status: Active, Location: Eco House, Lea Road, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1AS, Positional Accuracy: Automatically positioned to the address.
47 Recycling Services, Name: A C M Environmental Plc 481m SW
Status: Inactive, Location: Eco House, Lea Road, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1AS, Positional Accuracy: Automatically positioned to the address.
48 Stainless Steel Manufacturers, Name: Burdoree Engineering Ltd 481m SW
Status: Inactive, Location: Eco House, Lea Road, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1AS, Positional Accuracy: Automatically positioned to the address.
49 Waste Disposal Services, Name: A C M Waste Management Plc 481m SW
Status: Active, Location: 2nd Floor Eco House Lea Road, Waltham Abbey, Essex, EN9 1AS, Positional Accuracy: Automatically positioned to the address.
Historical Land Use
Details Distance Direction
Historical Potentially Contaminative Uses Historical Tanks and Energy Facilities
Tanks, Scale of Mapping: 1:2,500, Date of Mapping: 1972. 187m NE
Electrical Sub Station Facilities, Scale of Mapping: 1:1,250, Date of Mapping: 1972. 228m SE
Potential Tanks, Scale of Mapping: 1:1,250, Date of Mapping: 1967. 286m S
Potential Tanks, Scale of Mapping: 1:2,500, Date of Mapping: 1968. 287m S
Potential Tanks, Scale of Mapping: 1:1,250, Date of Mapping: 1972. 301m S
Electrical Sub Station Facilities, Scale of Mapping: 1:1,250, Date of Mapping: 1971. 399m S
Tanks, Scale of Mapping: 1:2,500, Date of Mapping: 1968. 407m S
Tanks, Scale of Mapping: 1:1,250, Date of Mapping: 1967 - 1971. 408m S
Tanks, Scale of Mapping: 1:1,250, Date of Mapping: 1971. 413m S
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 31 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS Details Distance Direction
Tanks, Scale of Mapping: 1:2,500, Date of Mapping: 1968. 417m S
Tanks, Scale of Mapping: 1:1,250, Date of Mapping: 1967. 418m S
Potential Tanks, Scale of Mapping: 1:2,500, Date of Mapping: 1972. 461m SE
Potential Tanks, Scale of Mapping: 1:1,250, Date of Mapping: 1973. 465m SE Potentially Infilled Land Potentially Infilled Land (Water)
Description: Unknown Filled Ground (Pond, marsh, river, stream, dock etc), Date of Mapping: 1960. 116m W
Description: Unknown Filled Ground (Pond, marsh, river, stream, dock etc), Date of Mapping: 1960. 158m W
Description: Unknown Filled Ground (Pond, marsh, river, stream, dock etc), Date of Mapping: 1960. 171m NE
Description: Unknown Filled Ground (Pond, marsh, river, stream, dock etc), Date of Mapping: 1960. 193m E
Description: Unknown Filled Ground (Pond, marsh, river, stream, dock etc), Date of Mapping: 1960. 220m E
Description: Unknown Filled Ground (Pond, marsh, river, stream, dock etc), Date of Mapping: 1960. 302m W
Description: Unknown Filled Ground (Pond, marsh, river, stream, dock etc), Date of Mapping: 1960. 354m S
Description: Unknown Filled Ground (Pond, marsh, river, stream, dock etc), Date of Mapping: 1960. 426m E
Description: Unknown Filled Ground (Pond, marsh, river, stream, dock etc), Date of Mapping: 1960. 431m S
The following maps have been manually reviewed by a consultant and presented in the Risk Analysis section at the front of this report.
Scale Map Sheet Published Date
1:2,500 Essex 057_02 1870
1:2,500 Hertfordshire 042_09 1884
1:2,500 Essex 049_14 1893
1:2,500 Essex 049_14 1897
1:2,500 Essex 057_02 1897
1:2,500 Hertfordshire 042_09 1899
1:2,500 Essex 060_09 1920
1:2,500 Essex 060_09 1935
1:2,500 National Grid TL3700 1968
1:2,500 National Grid TL3701 1972
1:2,500 National Grid TL3701 1992
1:10,560 Essex 057_00 1882
1:10,560 Hertfordshire 041_00 1882
1:10,560 Middlesex 002_00 1882
1:10,560 Middlesex 003_00 1882
1:10,560 Essex 049_00 1883
1:10,560 Hertfordshire 041_SE 1897
1:10,560 Middlesex 002_SE 1897
1:10,560 Essex 057_NW 1898
1:10,560 Essex 049_SW 1899
1:10,560 Hertfordshire 042_NW 1899
1:10,560 Hertfordshire 042_SW 1899
1:10,560 Middlesex 003_SW 1899
1:10,560 Hertfordshire 041_SE 1920
1:10,560 Hertfordshire 042_SW 1920
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 32 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS Scale Map Sheet Published Date
1:10,560 Middlesex 002_SE 1920
1:10,560 Middlesex 003_SW 1920
1:10,560 Essex 060_NW 1923
1:10,560 Essex 060_SW 1923
1:10,560 Essex 060_SW 1935
1:10,560 Hertfordshire 041_SE 1935
1:10,560 Middlesex 002_SE 1935
1:10,560 Essex 060_NW 1938
1:10,560 Hertfordshire 042_NW 1938
1:10,560 Hertfordshire 042_SW 1938
1:10,560 Middlesex 003_SW 1938
1:10,560 National Grid TL30SE 1960
1:10,560 National Grid TQ39NE 1960
1:10,560 National Grid TL30SE 1968
1:10,000 National Grid TQ39NE 1974
1:10,000 National Grid TL30SE 1975
1:10,000 National Grid TQ39NE 1980
1:10,000 National Grid TL30SE 1987
1:10,000 National Grid TQ39NE 1991
1:10,000 National Grid TL30SE 2014
1:10,000 National Grid TQ39NE 2014
1:1,250 National Grid TL3700NE 1967
1:1,250 National Grid TL3700NW 1967
1:1,250 National Grid TL3700NE 1972
1:1,250 National Grid TL3700NW 1973
1:1,250 National Grid TL3700NE 1992
1:1,250 National Grid TL3700NW 1992
1:1,250 National Grid TL3700NW 1987
1:1,250 National Grid TL3700NE 1989
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 33 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS Aquifer Designation (Superficial)
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 34 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS Aquifer Designation (Bedrock)
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 35 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS Groundwater Vulnerability
Map Details Distance Direction ID Hydrogeology
Superficial Aquifer Designations
Secondary Aquifer - A On Site -
These aquifers are formed of moderately permeable layers capable of supporting water supplies at a local scale, and in some cases forming an important source of base flow to rivers. Bedrock Aquifer Designations
Unproductive Strata On Site -
The rock layers or drift deposits have a low permeability that have negligible significance for water supply or river base flow. Geology BGS 1:50,000 Bedrock Geology
LEX Code: LC, Rock Name: London Clay Formation, Rock Type: Clay, Silt and Sand, Min Age: On Site - Not Supplied, Max Age: Ypresian. BGS 1:50,000 Superficial Deposits
LEX Code: ALV, Rock Name: Alluvium, Rock Type: Clay, Silt, Sand and Gravel, Min Age: Not On Site - Supplied, Max Age: Holocene.
LEX Code: TPGR, Rock Name: TAPLOW GRAVEL MEMBER, Rock Type: Sand and Gravel, Min 481m E Age: Not Supplied, Max Age: Wolstonian. BGS 1:50,000 Geological Mapping Coverage
Map Sheet No: 239, MapName: Hertford, Map Date: 1923, Bedrock Geology: Available, On Site - Superficial Geology: Available, Artificial Geology: Available, Faults: Not Supplied, Landslip: Not Available, Rock Segments: Not Supplied. BGS 1:625,000 Solid Geology
Description: Thames Group. On Site -
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 36 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS Environmentally Sensitive Features
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 37 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS Source Protection Zones
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 38 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS Environmentally Sensitive Features
Map Details Distance Direction ID Environmentally Sensitive Features
Nitrate Vulnerable Zones
1 Name: Lee Nvz, Description: Surface Water, Source: Environment Agency, Head Office. On Site - Ramsar Sites
Name: Lee Valley, Multiple Area: Y, Area (m2): 4512962.2700000005, Source: Natural England, 509m NW Reference: UK11034, Designation Date: Not Supplied. Nearest Surface Water Feature
3 Surface water feature identified in proximity. 2m E Sites of Special Scientific Interest
4 Name: Cornmill Stream And Old River Lea, Multiple Area: N, Area (m2): 250574.34, Source: 159m E Natural England, Reference: 1003495, Designation Date: 1st May 1986, Date Type: Notified, Designation Details: Site Of Special Scientific Interest.
5 Name: Waltham Abbey, Multiple Area: N, Area (m2): 338421.14, Source: Natural England, 358m N Reference: 1004291, Designation Date: 1st October 1986, Date Type: Notified, Designation Details: Scheduled Ancient Monument.
6 Name: Turnford & Cheshunt Pits, Multiple Area: Y, Area (m2): 1744095.25, Source: Natural 509m NW England, Reference: 2000066, Designation Date: 20th April 1995, Date Type: Notified, Designation Details: Country Park. Special Protection Areas
7 Name: Lee Valley, Multiple Area: Y, Area (m2): 4512962.26, Source: Natural England, Reference: 509m NW UK9012111, Designation Date: Not Supplied. Water Abstractions
10 Operator: Thames Water Utilities Ltd, Licence Number: 29/38/09/0157, Permit Version: 102, 509m S Location: Waltham Abbey Well - Nlars Point 35, Authority: Environment Agency, Thames Region, Abstraction: Public Water Supply: Potable Water Supply - Direct, Abstraction Type: Water may be abstracted from a single point, Source: Groundwater, Daily Rate(m3): Not Supplied, Yearly Rate (m3): Not Supplied, Not Supplied, Authorised Start: 01 January, Authorised End: 31 December, Permit Start Date: 27th December 2006, Permit End Date: Not Supplied, Positional Accuracy: Located by supplier to within 10m.
11 Operator: Thames Water Utilities Ltd, Licence Number: 29/38/09/0157, Permit Version: 101, 509m S Location: Waltham Abbey Well - Nlars Point 35, Authority: Environment Agency, Thames Region, Abstraction: Public Water Supply: Potable Water Supply - Direct, Abstraction Type: Water may be abstracted from a single point, Source: Groundwater, Daily Rate(m3): Not Supplied, Yearly Rate (m3): Not Supplied, Not Supplied, Authorised Start: 01 January, Authorised End: 31 December, Permit Start Date: 21st March 2003, Permit End Date: Not Supplied, Positional Accuracy: Located by supplier to within 10m.
8 Operator: Thames Water Utilities Ltd, Licence Number: 29/38/09/0157, Permit Version: 103, 509m S Location: Waltham Abbey Well - Nlars Point 35, Authority: Environment Agency, Thames Region, Abstraction: Public Water Supply: Potable Water Supply - Direct, Abstraction Type: Water may be abstracted from a single point, Source: Groundwater, Daily Rate(m3): Not Supplied, Yearly Rate (m3): Not Supplied, Not Supplied, Authorised Start: 01 January, Authorised End: 31 December, Permit Start Date: 16th October 2007, Permit End Date: Not Supplied, Positional Accuracy: Located by supplier to within 10m.
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 39 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS Map Details Distance Direction ID
9 Operator: Thames Water Utilities Ltd, Licence Number: 29/38/09/0157, Permit Version: 100, 509m S Location: Waltham Abbey Well - Nlars Point 35, Authority: Environment Agency, Thames Region, Abstraction: Public Water Supply: Potable Water Supply - Direct, Abstraction Type: Water may be abstracted from a single point, Source: Groundwater, Daily Rate(m3): 275000, Yearly Rate (m3): 55000000, Aggregated Volume From 35 Sites, Authorised Start: 01 January, Authorised End: 31 December, Permit Start Date: 26th June 1995, Permit End Date: Not Supplied, Positional Accuracy: Located by supplier to within 10m.
12 Operator: Thames Water Utilities Ltd, Licence Number: 29/38/09/0157, Permit Version: 104, 526m S Location: Waltham Abbey Well - Nlars Point 35, Authority: Environment Agency, Thames Region, Abstraction: Public Water Supply: Potable Water Supply - Direct, Abstraction Type: Water may be abstracted from a single point, Source: Groundwater, Daily Rate(m3): Not Supplied, Yearly Rate (m3): Not Supplied, Nlars, Authorised Start: 01 April, Authorised End: 31 March, Permit Start Date: 23rd July 2013, Permit End Date: Not Supplied, Positional Accuracy: Located by supplier to within 10m.
13 Operator: Lee Valley Regional Park Auth, Licence Number: 29/38/08/0188, Permit Version: 100, 555m S Location: Old River Lee, Authority: Environment Agency, Thames Region, Abstraction: Metal: Non-Evaporative Cooling, Abstraction Type: Water may be abstracted from a single point, Source: Surface, Daily Rate(m3): 9, Yearly Rate (m3): 1364, Abbey Mills, High Bridge Street, Waltham Abbey, Authorised Start: 01 January, Authorised End: 31 December, Permit Start Date: 8th October 1970, Permit End Date: Not Supplied, Positional Accuracy: Located by supplier to within 10m.
14 Operator: Thames Water Utilities Ltd, Licence Number: 29/38/08/0215A, Permit Version: Not 555m S Supplied, Location: Waltham Abbey Well, LEA ROAD, Authority: Environment Agency, Thames Region, Abstraction: Public Water Supply, Abstraction Type: Not Supplied, Source: Groundwater, Daily Rate(m3): 25000, Yearly Rate (m3): 1, Annual Total Aggregated To Another Licence. Chalk (Undifferentiated). Status: Expired, Authorised Start: Not Supplied, Authorised End: Not Supplied, Permit Start Date: Not Supplied, Permit End Date: Not Supplied, Positional Accuracy: Located by supplier to within 100m.
15 Operator: Lee Valley Regional Park Authority, Licence Number: Th/038/0008/013, Permit Version: 561m W 1, Location: Cheshunt Marsh, Eleanor Cross Rd, Waltham Cross - Borehole, Authority: Environment Agency, Thames Region, Abstraction: Sports Grounds/Facilities: Make-Up Or Top Up Water, Abstraction Type: Water may be abstracted from a single point, Source: Groundwater, Daily Rate(m3): Not Supplied, Yearly Rate (m3): Not Supplied, Cheshunt Marsh, Eleanor Cross Rd, Waltham Cross, Herts, Authorised Start: 01 April, Authorised End: 31 March, Permit Start Date: 18th April 2013, Permit End Date: Not Supplied, Positional Accuracy: Located by supplier to within 10m.
16 Operator: Lee Valley Regional Park Authority, Licence Number: Th/038/0008/013/R01, Permit 561m W Version: 1, Location: Cheshunt Marsh, Eleanor Cross Rd, Waltham Cross - Borehole, Authority: Environment Agency, Thames Region, Abstraction: Sports Grounds/Facilities: Make-Up Or Top Up Water, Abstraction Type: Water may be abstracted from a single point, Source: Groundwater, Daily Rate(m3): Not Supplied, Yearly Rate (m3): Not Supplied, Cheshunt Marsh, Eleanor Cross Rd, Waltham Cross, Herts, Authorised Start: 01 April, Authorised End: 31 March, Permit Start Date: 10th April 2019, Permit End Date: Not Supplied, Positional Accuracy: Located by supplier to within 10m.
17 Operator: Lee Valley Regional Park Authority, Licence Number: 29/38/08/0268, Permit Version: 1, 562m W Location: Cheshunt Marsh, Eleanor Cross Rd, Waltham Cross-Borehole, Authority: Environment Agency, Thames Region, Abstraction: Sports Grounds/Facilities: Make-Up Or Top Up Water, Abstraction Type: Water may be abstracted from a single point, Source: Groundwater, Daily Rate(m3): Not Supplied, Yearly Rate (m3): Not Supplied, Cheshunt Marsh, Eleanor Cross Rd, Waltham Cross, Herts, Authorised Start: 01 April, Authorised End: 31 March, Permit Start Date: 19th January 2009, Permit End Date: Not Supplied, Positional Accuracy: Located by supplier to within 10m. Source Protection Zones
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 40 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS Map Details Distance Direction ID
Name: , Source: Environment Agency, Head Office, Reference: Not Supplied, Type: Zone II (Outer On Site - Protection Zone): Either 25% of the source area or a 400 day travel time whichever is greater.
Name: , Source: Environment Agency, Head Office, Reference: Not Supplied, Type: Zone I (Inner On Site - Protection Zone): Travel time of 50 days or less to the groundwater source.
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 41 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS Natural and Mining Related Hazards
Map Details Distance Direction ID Subsidence Collapsible Ground Stability Hazards
Risk: No Hazard, Source: British Geological Survey, National Geoscience Information Service. On Site - Compressible Ground Stability Hazards
Risk: Moderate, Source: British Geological Survey, National Geoscience Information Service. On Site - Ground Dissolution Stability Hazards
Risk: No Hazard, Source: British Geological Survey, National Geoscience Information Service. On Site - Landslide Ground Stability Hazards
Risk: Very Low, Source: British Geological Survey, National Geoscience Information Service. On Site - Running Sand Ground Stability Hazards
Risk: Low, Source: British Geological Survey, National Geoscience Information Service. On Site - Shrinking or Swelling Clay Subsidence Hazards
Risk: Very Low, Source: British Geological Survey, National Geoscience Information Service. On Site -
Risk: Moderate, Source: British Geological Survey, National Geoscience Information Service. 8m N Non-Coal Mining Hazards
No Hazard. Radon Radon Potential
The property is in a Lower probability radon area (less than 1% of homes are estimated to be at or above the Action Level).. Radon Protective Measures
None, Source: British Geological Survey, National Geoscience Information Service. On Site - Mining Brine Compensation Areas
None. Coal Mining Affected Areas
In an area which may not be affected by coal mining. BGS Recorded Mineral Sites
25 Site Name: Waltham Cross Gravel Pit, Site Location: Waltham Marsh, Waltham Abbey, Essex, 406m NW Source: British Geological Survey, National Geoscience Information Service, Reference: 219389, Type: Opencast, Status: Ceased, Operator: Arc - Southern, Operator Location: Not Supplied, Periodic Type: Flandrian, Geology: Alluvium (River Lea Gravels), Commodity: Sand and Gravel, Positional Accuracy: Located by supplier to within 10m.
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 42 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS Appendix 2 – Report Methodology, Limitations and Reliance
Reliance AEL has prepared this Phase One Environmental Assessment with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms and conditions for Environmental Consultancy Services September 2011. This report has been prepared solely and exclusively for []. If reliance on this report is required by a third party, this may be arranged for an agreed fee.
The assessment has been carried out with due regard to industry guidelines including the Contaminated Land Guidance documents issued by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (and its Predecessors), the British Standards Institute (the BSi), the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS). The methods used follow a risk-based approach, with the potential environmental risk assessed qualitatively using the ‘contaminant-pathway- receptor pollutant linkage’ concept introduced in the Environmental Protection Act 1990.
Report Methodology and Limitations The evaluations and recommendations presented within this report are based only on the examination of available historical maps, directories, environmental records, discussions with regulatory bodies, and any previous reports made available to AEL. No intrusive surveys or environmental sampling was conducted as part of this study. AEL accepts no responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of third party data reviewed within this assessment. Copies of the third party data used in this report can be provided upon request (subject to any copyright limitations).
Where budget estimates have been provided, the figures have been identified on the basis of documentation gathered on the Site and discussions with Site management. AEL is unable to warrant the accuracy of these figures and you are recommended to seek appropriate quotations where reliance on a budget estimate is required.
The scope of this report does not include an assessment of the presence of asbestos containing materials within or below buildings at the Site. However if the presence of asbestos is known or suspected, recommendations will be provided to develop an asbestos management plan to comply with current regulations and additional survey/sampling works may then be required. [No Site visit has been undertaken for this report. It is a desk based report.]
The conclusions of this study are not necessarily indicative of future conditions or operating practices at or adjacent to the Site.
The liabilities for contaminated land in England and Wales are primarily set out under Part 2A of the Environmental Protection Act 1990, although in certain circumstances action may also be taken under the Water Resources Act 1991. Where re/development is taking place then any necessary remediation is carried out under the statutory planning regime. The main policy document is the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) March 2012 which sets out the principles that local planning authorities should follow when determining planning applications for contaminated or potentially contaminated land. The key paragraphs for contamination are 120 and 121 which read:
‘Where a site is affected by contamination or land stability issues, responsibility for securing a safe development rests with the developer and/or landowner’ (Para 120) ‘after remediation, as a minimum, land should not be capable of being determined as contaminated land under Part 2A of the Environmental Protection Act 1990’ (Para 121).
More detailed guidance is provided in Planning Practice Guidance – Land Affected by Contamination (6 March 2014). The legislation that is relevant to the remediation of contaminated land (Part 2A of the Environmental Protection Act 1990, the Water Resources Act 1991 and the relevant provisions of the statutory planning regime) are referred to here as Relevant Legislation.
The interpretation of the wording "significant risk" within the context of exiting legislation is based on the following:
“Significant harm is being caused or there is a significant possibility of such harm being caused, (where harm is defined as harm to health of living organisms or other interference with the ecological systems of which they form a part and, in the case of man, includes harm to his property); and / or, pollution of Controlled Waters is being caused”.
AEL's assessment of risk and environmental liability under the Relevant Legislation is thus based upon the principle of determining the presence of a potential contaminant-pathway-receptor relationship. Where a ‘contaminant’ is a source of contamination, a ‘pathway’ a medium through which the contamination can mobilise and ‘a receptor’ something that could be detrimentally affected by the contamination. Where each of these elements is present, it is considered that a potential contaminant linkage exists at the Site.
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 43 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS A Site will be assessed by AEL, based on the risk of there being contaminative substances present in, under or on the Site (excluding asbestos containing materials, lead based paints, invasive plant species or mould infestations) such that, on the basis of its proposed use, there is a reasonable likelihood of a Local Planning Authority requiring the remediation of the Site to the requirements of Para 121 of the NPPF.
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 44 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS Glossary of Terms
BS1075 Investigation of potentially contaminated sites. Code of Practice.
This British Standard provides recommendations and guidance on the investigation of land potentially affected by contamination or naturally elevated concentrations of potentially harmful substances in order to determine or manage any risks.
Contaminated Land (Part 2A definition)
Part 2A of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 was brought into force on 1st April 2000. The legal definition of contaminated land is “any land which appears to the local authority in whose area it is situated to be in such a condition, by reason of substances in, on, or under the land that:
• A significant harm is being caused or there is the significant possibility of such harm being caused; or • Significant pollution of controlled waters is being caused of there is a significant possibility of such pollution being caused. A key element of the Part 2A regimes is the Source-Pathway-Receptor, known as the “contaminant linkage”. Meaning: The source is the contamination in, on or under the land; the pathway is the route by which the contamination reaches the receptor; and the receptor is defined as living organisms, ecological systems or property which may be harmed.
Without these three elements of the contaminant linkage, land cannot be identified as contaminated land under the Part 2A regime.
CLR 11 Model Procedures for the Management of Land Contamination
This document provides the technical framework for applying a risk management process when dealing with land affected by contamination which is consistent with government policies and legislation within the UK.
Conceptual Site Model
A conceptual site model (CSM) identifies all the potential contaminant linkages (contaminant-pathway-receptors) and drives the risk assessment.
National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF 2012)
NPPF acts as guidance for local planning authorities about planning applications. Planning practice guidance are regularly updated online in support of the framework. The paragraphs below highlight the relevant sections are Paragraph 120 and 121 of the NPPF.
Paragraph 120 of NPPF
‘To prevent unacceptable risks from pollution and land instability, planning policies and decision should ensure that new development is appropriate for its location.’
Paragraph 121 of NPPF
‘Ensure that site is suitable for its new use and after remediation, as a minimum should not be capable of being determined as contaminated land under Part IIA of EPA 1990. Site investigation information must be prepared by competent person.’
Phase 1 Land Contamination Assessment or Preliminary Risk Assessment (PRA)
To establish the previous uses of land under consideration or land nearby or adjacent to it, and to identify potential sources of contamination, receptors and pathways.
Phase 2 Intrusive Site Investigation
Assessment consists of an intrusive site investigation with quantitative risk assessment from chemical analysis. The aim of a Phase 2 is to get a representation of the ground conditions on the entire Site.
Phase 3 Land Remediation
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 45 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS Required after Phase 1 and 2 and develops a land contamination remediation strategy to demonstrate how the site will be safely developed in respect to the land’s end use.
Phase 4 Verification
Verification of remediation, provides documentary evidence that the remediation has been carried out to the required standard.
Watching brief
A watching brief is a document maintained on site during site clearance works to determine the presence of previously unidentified zones of soils or groundwater contamination. Documentation will need to be produced if a planning condition needs to be discharged. The developer should contact the contaminated land officer to agree the required extent of reporting.
It is best to employ a 'competent person' to provide ongoing advice, undertake a site inspections and produce or review and sign off a report.
The 'watching brief' will implement a series of actions as follows:
• General removal of topsoil and subsoils should be undertaken in a manner that limited exposure of soil to surface water run-off and allows visual and olfactory observation of all materials by a competent, designated clerk of works or equivalent; • In an event that visual or olfactory evidence indicates a potential area of concern, then all excavation works will cease to ensure that potentially unknown sources of contamination from the ground or groundwater are not mobilised further; • The clerk of works will contact the environmental advisor will determine what steps can be taken to isolate the material pending further investigation. The Environment Agency and Local Planning Authority will be informed and an appropriate course of action will be agreed; • The potential area of concern will be appropriately assessed, primarily through sampling and laboratory analysis, and any requirement for remedial works will be identified. This scope of works must be agreed by the Local Planning Authority and Environment Agency prior to the works taking place. • Records should be maintained of all areas investigated and actions taken to remediate these including validation/verification reports. These then should be submitted to the Local Planning Authority.
1APP
Online planning portal for planning applications which is used by the Local Authorities.
AEL-4491-PP1-1000220 Phase One // Planning 46 4, Berthold Mews, Waltham Abbey, EN9 1JS