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Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester William the Silent Prince of Orange Governor-General of the 1544-1584, leader of the Dutch Netherlands 1586-1588 Revolt against the Spanish from 1568
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Maurice of Nassau Prince of Orange Philip William Prince of 1618-1625 Stadtholder of six of the Orange 1584-1618, eldest seven provinces 1585-1625, second son son of William the Silent but of William the Silent who continued the a Spanish hostage most of his War of Independence. Mauritius is life named after him
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Frederick Henry Prince of Amalia of Solms-Braunfels Orange 1625-1647 youngest wife of Frederick Henry, son of William the Silent guardian of her grandson stadtholder of five provinces Prince William later William III. Portrait by Van Dyck
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Frederick Henry and Amalia by van Honthorst
Frederick Henry and Amalia with three of their daughters by van Honthorst 1647
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The Triumph of Frederick Henry by Jordaens
Frederick Henry at the Battle of ‘s-Hertogenbosch 1629
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Terrine of Amalia of Solms-Braunfels in the Rijksmuseum Frederick Henry’s Palace near the Hague built 1621-1647
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Four Generations of the House of Orange attributed to Pieter Nason 1662-1666
Medals for Frederick Henry’s victories in 1629, 1637 and 1645
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William II Prince of Orange 1647-1650 son of Frederick Henry and father of William III
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William II by Van Dyck
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Princess Mary’s betrothal with her Equestrian portrait of William II future husband William II of Orange attributed to Anselm van Hulle 1641 by Sir Anthony van Dyck, Rijksmuseum
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Princess Mary and William II of Orange 1647 William II and Mary Henrietta by van by Gerard von Honthorst, Rijksmuseum Honthorst
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Medal for marriage The disembarkation of Mary greeted by of William II and William by van Honthorst Mary Henrietta
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Mary Henrietta by van Honthorst
William II by Gerrit van Honthorst
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Mary with servant by Adriaen Hanneman in the Mauritshuis
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Mary in mourning
Medals by Sebastian Dadler commemorating the sudden death of William II in 1650
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Mary by Johannes Lingelbach and Bartholomeus van der Heist 1652
Ratification of the Treaty of Munster in 1648 which ended the 80 years War but which William II refused to attend, by Gerard ter Borch National Gallery London 37 38
Amalia of Solms-Braunfels in mourning
Painting thought by some to show William II’s attack on Amsterdam 1650
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Prince’s Day by Jan Steen celebrating William’s birthday Great Assembly of the States General 1651 41 42
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Frederick William The Great Elector of Brandenburg 1640-1688, grandson of William the Silent who was Grand Pensionary Johann de Witt appointed guardian to William along with Amalia and Mary
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Cornelis de Graeff who ruled the Netherlands with de Witt during the first stadtholderless period William Frederick of Nassau 1650-1672 stadtholder of Friesland and Groningen
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English and Dutch merchants clashed over trade with their empires 47 48
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Maarten Tromp Robert Blake
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Battle in the First Dutch War Battle in the First Dutch War 53 54
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Blake’s ship at Battle of Portland February 1653
Battle of Leghorn March 1653
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Delft Tile
Ship Model 1642 Battle of Gabbard June 1653
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Dutch Warship
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Jan van Riebeeck arriving in Table Bay in April 1652 by Charles Bell
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William III as a child by van William with his Aunt Maria Honthorst by van Honthorst
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Medal with William aged 4 in Roman William aged 5 costume by van Honthorst
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William as a child by Adriaen Hanneman, Rijksmuseum
Archibald Campbell 9th Earl of Argyll and his Countess formerly Anna Mackenzie, one of William’s governesses in 1657 (she married Argyll in 1670) 67 68
Delftware plate with William aged 10
William attended Leiden University (which had been found by William the Silent) William by Cornelius Johnson from 1659 to 1666
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Ball given for Charles II by his sister Mary at the Hague Banquet for Charles II at the Hague February 1660
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Frederick of Nassau-Zuylestein Orangist broadsheet attributed to Jan de Baan after Lely. William’s uncle and adviser from 1661 with connections to England. After his death in 1672 his son continued the role and became Earl of Rochford in 1695
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William by Jan de Baen
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William as a youth by Jan Davids
William III as a child by Abraham Ragueneau
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The Second Dutch War 1665-7
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Battle of Lowestoft 3 June 1665 showing the Royal Charles and the Eendracht by Hendrik van Minderhout, National Maritime Museum 83 84
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James dressed Mars after his victory at Lowestoft by Henri Gascar
Battle of Lowestoft 3 June 1665 Burning of the Dutch Flagship by van Dierst
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James’s Seal
St James’s Day Battle August 1666 87 88
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Dutch attack on Sheerness Chatham
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Burning of British Ships in the Medway 20 June 1667 by Jan van Leyden
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German Print of de Ruyter’s raid in the Medway 95 96
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Royal Coat of Arms from the Royal Charles in the Rijksmuseum
Drawing of the Royal Charles by van der Velde New fortifications at Plymouth by Hendrik Danckerts
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Congress of Breda 1667 French Royal Family c 1669 by Jean Nocret 99 100
Louis XIV after Lefebvre 1673
Louis XIV crossing the Rhine 12 June 1672 by Adam Frans van der Meulen
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The Burning of HMS Royal James at the Battle of Solebay 28 May 1672 by Peter Monamy, The Third Dutch War 1672-4 National Maritime Museum 103 104
The Burning of HMS Royal James at the Battle of Solebay 28 May 1672 by Willem van de Velde, National Maritime Museum 105 106
Murder of the de Witt brothers August 1672 Events of 1672 107 108
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The mutilation of the de Witt brothers painted by Jan de Baen
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Gaspar Fagel succeeded as Grand Pensionary and was more sympathetic to William
Appointment as Captain-General in 1672
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William of Orange by Jan de Baen
The Gouden Leeuw at the Battle of Texel 21 August 1673 by Willem van de Velde, National Maritime Museum
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William Bentinck (1649-1709) who nursed William back to health from smallpox in 1675 and became one of his most trusted advisers, by Hyacinthe Rigaud. Earl of Portland in 1689 he resigned his offices in 1700 jealous of Arnold van Keppel but retained William’s confidence.
William by Johannes Voorhout c 1672
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William by Caspar Netscher after 1672 before 1684
Recapture of Naarden 1673 119 120
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Broadsheet on William’s life produced 1675 121 122
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Princess Mary 1677 the year William of Orange about the time of of her marriage, by Sir Peter his marriage 1677 after Lely Lely
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Henry Crompton Bishop of London 1675-1713 by Kneller. He married William and Mary in 1677 and crowned them in 1689 when Archbishop Sancroft refused
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William with servant William by Nicolaes Maes c 1678
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William fighting alongside the William by Lely before 1680 Duke of Monmouth 1678
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Titus Oates and the Popish Plot 1678-1681
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John Locke the philosopher (1632-1704) who fled to the Netherlands in 1683 after the Rye House Plot. He was influenced by the followers of Baruch de Spinoza who had died in 1677
Exclusionist Crisis in which both sides asked William for help and he made his second visit to England 1681
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The late Duke of Monmouth beheaded on James Scott Duke of Monmouth 1683 Tower Hill 15 July 1685 on a playing card, seven after William Wissing, National Portrait of spades Gallery. He also fled to the Netherlands and invaded England in 1685
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Court Ball at the Hague 1686 George Lord Jeffreys (Judge Jeffreys) c. 1678-80 by William Wolfgang Claret
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Emperor Leopold I (r 1658-1705) Charles II of Spain (r 1665- William’s ally against France in the 1700) another ally in the League of Augsburg 1686 League of Augsburg
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