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An Archaeological and Historical Study of the Tobacco Pipe Trade in the Potomac River Valley Ca
University of Tennessee, Knoxville Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 8-2015 Community Formation and the Development of a British-Atlantic Identity in the Chesapeake: An Archaeological and Historical Study of the Tobacco Pipe Trade in the Potomac River Valley ca. 1630-1730 Lauren Kathleen McMillan University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Lauren Kathleen McMillan entitled "Community Formation and the Development of a British-Atlantic Identity in the Chesapeake: An Archaeological and Historical Study of the Tobacco Pipe Trade in the Potomac River Valley ca. 1630-1730." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Anthropology. Barbara J. Heath, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Gerald F. Schroedl, Elizabeth J. Kellar, Christopher P. Magra Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official student records.) Community Formation and the Development of a British- Atlantic Identity in the Chesapeake: An Archaeological and Historical Study of the Tobacco Pipe Trade in the Potomac River Valley ca. -
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Early Modern Low Countries 4 (2020) 2, pp. 181-204 - eISSN: 2543-1587 181 Discrediting the Dutch: A French Account of the Year of Disaster for Arab Audiences Rosanne Baars and Josephine van den Bent Rosanne Baars is lecturer in History at the University of Amsterdam. Her most recent book, Rumours of Revolt. Civil War and the Emergence of a Transnational News Culture in France and the Netherlands, 1561-1598, will be published by Brill in May 2021. She has also published on maritime history and Dutch-Ottoman diplomacy. Her research interests include the reception of news and media, diplo- matic history, early modern France, and the Ottoman Empire. Josephine van den Bent is postdoctoral researcher at the history department of Radboud Univer- sity Nijmegen, investigating water management in Middle Eastern cities (c. 700-1500) as part of the nwo-funded project ‘Source of Life’. Her PhD thesis (University of Amsterdam, 2020) analysed the representation of the Mongols in the Mamluk sultanate of Egypt and Syria, c. 1250-1350. Her research interests include ethnic stereotyping, urban organisation, and the medieval and early mod- ern Middle East. She is also editor-in-chief of the semi-academic journal ZemZem. Tijdschrift over het Midden-Oosten, Noord-Afrika en islam. Abstract Recent historiography has demonstrated how Istanbul became part of a European media landscape in the seventeenth century. This article argues that European coun- tries not only targeted the Ottoman Porte but also tried to reach Arabic-speaking audiences in other major Ottoman cities, such as Aleppo. It does so through an anal- ysis of a remarkable source, an Arabic manuscript pamphlet written by a Frenchman in Aleppo in January 1673, which tells the story of the exploits of Louis xiv in the Dutch Republic during the Year of Disaster. -
'Philopater, De Radicale Verlichting En Het Einde Van De Eindtijd'
‘Philopater, de radicale Verlichting en het einde van de Eindtijd’ Wiep van Bunge bron Wiep van Bunge, ‘Philopater, de radicale Verlichting en het einde van de Eindtijd.’ In: Mededelingen van de Stichting Jacob Campo Weyerman 26 (2003), p. 10-19. Zie voor verantwoording: http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bung001phil01_01/colofon.htm © 2004 dbnl / Wiep van Bunge 10 Philopater, de radicale Verlichting en het einde van de Eindtijd The cradle rocks above an abyss, and common sense tells us that our existence is but a brief crack of light between two eternities of darkness. Vladimir Nabokov, Speak, Memory Wiep van Bunge Dat de Nederlandse Republiek rond 1700 reeds geruime tijd een broeinest was van filosofisch radicalisme, mag na de publicatie van Jonathan Israels Radical Enlightenment als bekend worden verondersteld.1 Je kunt met Israel van mening verschillen over de kwaliteit van dit radicalisme, over de invloed die het had gedurende de achttiende eeuw in Nederland en elders, en over de moderniteit van deze radicale Verlichting, maar dat vanaf het midden van de zeventiende eeuw in het voetspoor van Descartes en Spinoza met name binnen het gewest Holland plots ideeën circuleerden die grotendeels haaks stonden op de dominante, christelijke traditie, dat staat nu wel vast. Ook over de precieze omvang van deze vroege Verlichting, en dus over de representativiteit van deze radicalen zullen de specialisten nog lang van mening verschillen. Maar dat die radicalen er waren, dat valt niet langer te ontkennen. Israels boek komt dan ook niet uit de lucht vallen. Ruim twintig jaar gelden was het de Amerikaanse historica Margaret C. -
1.1. the Dutch Republic
Cover Page The following handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation: http://hdl.handle.net/1887/61008 Author: Tol, J.J.S. van den Title: Lobbying in Company: Mechanisms of political decision-making and economic interests in the history of Dutch Brazil, 1621-1656 Issue Date: 2018-03-20 1. LOBBYING FOR THE CREATION OF THE WIC The Dutch Republic originated from a civl war, masked as a war for independence from the King of Spain, between 1568 and 1648. This Eighty Years’ War united the seven provinces in the northern Low Countries, but the young republic was divided on several issues: Was war better than peace for the Republic? Was a republic the best form of government, or should a prince be the head of state? And, what should be the true Protestant form of religion? All these issues came together in struggles for power. Who held power in the Republic, and who had the power to force which decisions? In order to answer these questions, this chapter investigates the governance structure of the Dutch Republic and answers the question what the circumstances were in which the WIC came into being. This is important to understand the rest of this dissertation as it showcases the political context where lobbying occurred. The chapter is complemented by an introduction of the governance structure of the West India Company (WIC) and a brief introduction to the Dutch presence in Brazil. 1.1. THE DUTCH REPUBLIC 1.1.1. The cities Cities were historically important in the Low Countries. Most had acquired city rights as the result of a bargaining process with an overlord. -
Rüter, the Historian
TH.J. G.LOCHER RUTER, THE HISTORIAN The unexpected death of Adolf Johann Cord Riiter on August n, 1965, has deeply affected his colleagues and co-workers, his students and his friends. But if for them all his decease was a grievous personal loss, for his country it was more; both the pursuit and the teaching of history have suffered inestimably through his passing. In the follo- wing pages an attempt will be made to give a brief outline of Riiter's work as a historian and a professor of history, an account of his activities as director of the International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam being left to a more competent hand. Riiter was one of the first and foremost protagonists of the study of social history in the Netherlands, a pioneer in a field not very much cultivated before him. He did not, however, become a specialist in the narrow sense of the word, and was always aware that social history was an aspect, or part, of history as a whole. His main works - the one on the great railway strike of 1903,1 and the other on the railway strike of 1944-194 52 in the Netherlands - give testimony to this kind of approach, each of them describing an important event in the social history of his country, framed in the larger setting of the political and economic history of the period. Riiter's predilection for social history was not inherited from those under whom he read history at the Leiden University during the years 1926-1931: Huizinga, in his books and courses on the history of civilization, gave little attention to social questions, and Colen- brander's principal interest lay in political and constitutional history. -
Abraham Kuyper's Historical Understanding and Reformed
Fides et Historia XXXVII (Winter/Spring 2005) 71-82 Abraham Kuyper’s Historical Understanding and Reformed Historiography George Harinck Abraham Kuyper’s historical understanding was shaped by religion and national identity. Both aspects have to be understood as typical nineteenth century interactions with modernity. To clarify this, I will start with a sketch of the state of mind of the Dutch nation at the time when Kuyper came of age. The second theme of religion will follow suit. The United Kingdom of the Netherlands was a result of the deliberations of the pan-European Congress of Vienna (1814-1815). The aim of the four triumphant Great Powers at the Congress was to erect a barrier of strong states around trouble-maker France. Europe knew that France had lost a battle, but the history of the last twenty years suggested that at any time France might start waging war again. And indeed, when Napoleon escaped from Elba early in 1815, the threat was there again. It was a great relief that after a tense period known as the Hundred Days Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo – a great relief it was: London got its Waterloo Station as a reminder, Amsterdam its Waterloo Square - , but his ghost kept on threatening Europe, and containment was the answer. As a result of this diplomatic aim of the Congress of Vienna the Kingdom of the Netherlands was born. The territory of the new Kingdom matched the combined territory of the old Dutch Republic and of the former Spanish Netherlands, the present Belgium. As such, the kingdom reminded of the unity of the Netherlands before 1581. -
Downloaded from Brill.Com10/07/2021 07:13:05AM Via Free Access 70 Chapter Two
CHAPTER TWO THE RHETORIC OF THE MARKET The crucial criterion for successful participation in the seventeenth- century Dutch public debate was the establishment of authority. Con- front ed with the limits imposed by convention and censorship, authors had to search for powerful patronage to support their publications and overcome potential opposition. The history behind the œuvre of the brothers De la Court reveals that this was no easy task: though he was initially backed by De Witt and the political establishment, De la Court quickly lost this support after the publication of the Interest van Holland, he was scorned by the public and his works were banned by the church. Yet apart from offfijicial patronage, there was also a second, more powerful way to establish one’s authority and thereby undermine the authority of others: the power of language.1 With their humanist education, the broth- ers De la Court, like all seventeenth-century authors, knew how to apply that power most efffectively thanks to the study of rhetoric. Since antiquity, the teaching and practice of rhetoric had played a cen- tral role in public life, offfering the foremost comprehensive system for the creation and evaluation of speech – and thus, for society’s most important feature: human communication. Famous Roman orators and theorists such as Cicero and Quintilian, who elaborated on a rich Greek rhetorical legacy, left hugely influential treatises that would dominate discussions on the subject for centuries. With the advent of humanism, this rhetorical tradition received new attention and emphasis. In line with the teachings of the classics, rhetoric came to be seen as an essential element of the ideal of a vir bonus dicendi peritus, the virtuous citizen who engages actively in the public life of the polity by eloquently advising his sovereign and instructing his fellow citizens to pursue truth and reason.2 1 See Kevin Sharpe, Reading Revolutions. -
Nummer Toegang: 1.02.01 Inventaris Van Het
Nummer Toegang: 1.02.01 Inventaris van het archief van C. van Heemskerck [levensjaren 1646-1702]: Gezant te Wenen, te Brussel, te Madrid, te Altona, te Constantinopel en te Parijs, 1672-1701 Versie: 15-08-2019 Th.H.P.M. Thomassen Nationaal Archief, Den Haag 1994 This finding aid is written in Dutch. 1.02.01 Heemskerck 3 INHOUDSOPGAVE Beschrijving van het archief......................................................................................5 Aanwijzingen voor de gebruiker................................................................................................6 Openbaarheidsbeperkingen.......................................................................................................6 Beperkingen aan het gebruik......................................................................................................6 Materiële beperkingen................................................................................................................6 Aanvraaginstructie...................................................................................................................... 6 Citeerinstructie............................................................................................................................ 6 Archiefvorming...........................................................................................................................7 Geschiedenis van de archiefvormer............................................................................................7 Vrijwilliger op de vloot en bestuurder -
The Enlightenment and Its Learned Societies - the Peculiarity of Groningen
Jonathan Israel The Enlightenment and Its Learned Societies - The Peculiarity of Groningen During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the Netherlands led the entire Western world with regard to religious toleration. But by the eighteenth century, and especially the revolutionary era (1775-1800), the position had changed dramatically and the United States, Britain and France all surpassed The Netherlands in freedom of conscience, freedom of expression and removing religious discrimination. How and why did the Netherlands lose its primacy in this sphere? The explanation offered by Professor Jonathan Israel is that pre-1800 Dutch toleration was essentially a de facto stalemate of conflicting confessions and theologies, not a genuine secularization based on democratic Enlightenment principles and values.1 Eighteenth-century societies, regional academies and salons were generally offspring of the Enlightenment even in cases where they were not laying any special emphasis on discussion of philosophy, science and projects of reform and social amelioration. In countries where royal absolutist control was either absent or, by the late eighteenth century, much reduced such as the Netherlands, Switzerland, Britain, the American colonies (and then from 1776, the new United States) as well as post-1770 France, political thought was, for the first time, also being intensively diffused and discussed among the literate elites. After 1770 widening intellectual endeavour combined with rising political awareness, increasingly stimulated discussion of Montesquieu, Rousseau, republicanism and the nature of political liberty, and this process of widening enlightened sociability laced with new political ideas of itself became a threat to the social and political status quo by injecting the impetus of the Enlightenment as an innovative force. -
From Conflict Resolution to Conflict Management
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/65503 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Ekama, K.J. Title: Courting conflict : managing Dutch East and West India Company disputes in the Dutch Republic Issue Date: 2018-09-13 COURTING CONFLICT ISBN: 978-94-92679-54-3 Printed by: Print Service Ede Cover images: Photograph of archival manuscript document: NL-HaNA, Hoge Raad Holland en Zeeland, 3.03.02, inv.nr. 778 (1686), Geextendeerde sententies, f. xxxiiii r; High Court judges: Detail from De begrafenisstoet van Frederik Hendrik. Pieter Nolpe after Pieter Jansz Post, 1651. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. Courting Conflict Managing Dutch East and West India Company disputes in the Dutch Republic PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof. mr. C.J.J.M. Stolker, volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties te verdedigen op 13 september 2018 klokke 10:00 uur door Kate Jean Ekama geboren te Kaapstad, Zuid-Afrika op 24 october 1986 Promotor: Prof. dr. Cátia Antunes Co-promotor: Dr. Karwan Fatah-Black Promotiecommisie: Prof. dr. Michiel van Groesen Prof. dr. Egbert Koops Dr. Justyna Wubs-Mrozewicz, University of Amsterdam Dr. Bram van Hofstraeten, Maastricht University Contents Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................................... iv List of Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................................... -
Andries De Graeff, Voorbeeld Van Culturele Elite? Tweede Opdracht
Figuur 1 Andries de Graeff Gerard ter Borch II, 1674 41 x 30 cm, privébezit Olieverf op doek 30 oktober 2009 Andries de Graeff, voorbeeld van culturele elite? Tweede opdracht Dr Madelon Simons, cursusjaar 2009-2010 Cursus De Amsterdamse culturele elite Master Kunstgeschiedenis De Nieuwere tijd Universiteit van Amsterdam Pieter Vis, 6132294 Pieter Vis, 6132294 Andries de Graeff, voorbeeld van culturele elite? Over culturele elite Wie het geluk had om in 2004 – voor de restauratie - het Paleis op de Dam te bezoeken, heeft in de Burgerzaal een aantal marmeren bustes gezien. De kwaliteit van deze beelden en de allure van de twee verdieping hoge ontvangstruimte doen de bezoeker al heel snel vermoeden dat het hier om hooggeplaatste personen gaat. Het waren inderdaad portretbustes van Amsterdamse burgemeesters zoals De Graeff, Munter, Tulp en Witsen die zich als Romeinse senatoren lieten afbeelden. En juist dit soort figuren interesseren ons, zowel in historisch opzicht als ook vandaag de dag, getuige de enorme populariteit van de glossy societytijdschriften en dito columns in kranten. Waarom is dit, waarom willen we alles weten van mensen, die in de publieke belangstelling staan? Is het jaloezie of Figuur 2 Met de klok mee vanaf links onder de leedvermaak als een dergelijk persoon een faux pas maakt burgemeesters A.de Graeff, N.Tulp, J.Munter, of zijn we nieuwsgierig naar mensen die een bepaald N.Witsen rolmodel vormen? De neiging bestaat om deze personen hors categorie te beschouwen, die zich als elite kan onttrekken aan normen en waarden, die als het ware eigen regels kan vaststellen. Maar is het wel mogelijk om te spreken van publieke personen alsof zij een aparte categorie vormen, die als groep bestudeerd kan worden? Nu is dit laatste vraagstuk vermoedelijk gemakkelijker te beantwoorden als men de Gouden Eeuw in de Amsterdamse situatie onder de loep neemt. -
Scott Shapiro November 7, 2014 Attached Are the First Two Chapters
Scott Shapiro November 7, 2014 Attached are the first two chapters from a book manuscript that I am writing with my colleague Oona Hathaway, tentatively titled “THE WORST CRIME OF ALL: THE PARIS PEACE PACT AND THE BEGINNING OF THE END OF WAR.” This cover note is meant to help situate the chapters in the broader project. The first part describes what we call the Old World Order—a system that relied on war as the linchpin of law. The first two chapters center on Grotius and the legal order he helped establish. The subsequent chapters of this part show how war was a source of legal redress and legal rights. The legal rights to territory, people, and goods were decided by war—even ones that were entirely unjust. The second part of the book—comprised of four chapters—tells the story of what we argue is a deep shift in the legal meaning of war—the end of the Old World Order and the beginning of something fundamentally new. This shift, we argue, has consequences not just for states’ recourse to war, but for international law and the international system as a whole. The chapter that begins this second part of the book examines the “war to outlaw war”—the global movement to reject the remedial conception of war that characterized the Old World Order. That chapter ends with the signing of the 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact (also called the Paris Peace Pact or Briand-Kellogg Pact). The next chapter examines the consequences that flowed from the decision to reject the legal rules that underpinned the Old World Order without first sorting out the legal rules and institutions that would take their place.