Tours and Experiences
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Traukinio Bėgiais Į Pažinimą: TRAKAI
Traukinio bėgiais į pažinimą: TRAKAI Atrasti Trakuose kažką naujo gali pasirodyti nemenkas iššūkis, atrodo, visi juose yra ne kartą buvę: matę pilį, maudęsi ežeruose, valgę kibiną. Tačiau būtent faktas, kad Trakai daugeliui puikiai žinomi, suintriguoja ir paskatina ieškoti juose įdomybių. Siūlome leistis į kelionę traukiniu į Senuosius ir Naujuosius Trakus bei susipažinti su salos pilies šešėlyje esančiais istorijos perlais. Maršruto pradžia Senųjų Trakų geležinkelio stotis (Vilniaus g. 3, Senieji Trakai) Maršruto pabaiga apžvalgos aikštelė šalia Žalioji g. 7, Trakai Stotis grįžimui Trakų geležinkelio stotis (Vilniaus g. 5, Trakai) Siūlomas keliavimo būdas ir trukmė pėsčiomis, apie pusė dienos Traukinių tvarkaraštis www.traukiniobilietas.lt Turizmo informacija Karaimų g. 41, tel. (8 528) 51934, http://trakai-visit.lt/ 0. Senųjų Trakų geležinkelio stotis (Vilniaus g. 3, Senieji Trakai) Maršruto pradžia. 1. Senųjų Trakų piliavietė (Pilies g. 1, Senieji Trakai) Kompleksas, talpinantis net kelis svarbius istorijos paminklus: čia Gediminas 2. Senųjų Trakų kaimo architektūrinis draustinis (Trakų g., Senieji Trakai) pastatė pilį ir perkėlė sostinę iš Kernavės; gimė Vytautas Didysis; gyvavo Medinių namų gyvenvietė, turinti dzūkiško gatvinio kaimo architektūros ir puošybos elementų bei menanti dar XVI a. vienas seniausių Lietuvoje benediktinų vienuolynas. Šiandien piliavietėje yra Žygimanto Augusto valakų reformos laikus. veikianti neogotikinė bažnyčia bei moterų vienuolynas. 3. Vytauto Didžiojo kelias (kelias, jungiantis Senuosius ir Naujuosius Trakus) Minint Vytauto Didžiojo 570-ąsias mirties metines medžio drožėjai sukūrė devynias skulptūras, įkūnijančias reikšmingus su šiuo valdovu susijusius istorijos faktus. Eidami šiuo keliu iš Senųjų Trakų pasieksite Naujuosius Trakus. 4. Senosios Trakų žydų kapinės (Vilniaus g. 12, Trakai) Medžių paunksmėje pasislėpusios kapinės, kuriose yra virš 200 įvairių paminklų su užrašais hebrajų kalba. -
Repatriation of Poles from Lithuania, 1944–1947
chapter 7 Between Poland and Lithuania: Repatriation of Poles from Lithuania, 1944–1947 Vitalija Stravinskienė Introduction “Nostalgia is an illness that is common to everyone who came from Vilnius. … Only we can understand this longing for ‘Lithuania’ our fatherland.” This is how an author described his emotions in a letter to a friend sent from Poland to Lithuania in the late 1950s.1 This chapter tries to explain who those people who longed for Vilnius were, and how and why they ended up in Poland. It deals with the massive displacement of about 160,000 Poles from Soviet Lithuania to Poland between 1944 and 1947. The migration of Poles from Soviet Lithuania to the new “Peoples Republic of Poland,” shifted several hundred kilometres to the West and firmly under the control of the ussr, had been initiated by Joseph Stalin before the end of the war. It was a highly dynamic process that involved many people. Yet it must also be seen in the broader context of other processes that took place in Lithuania at the same time: brutal Sovietisation, massive repressions, radical economic and social changes, etc. This kind of comprehensive approach is necessary to reconstruct a more objective picture of the course and conse- quences of the Stalin-led population transfer of Poles from re-occupied Lithuania to Poland. The epicentre of this transfer was Vilnius and that part of Vilnius region that was incorporated into the Republic of Lithuania in 1939. More specifically, it was the city of Vilnius and the adjacent districts of Švenčionys, Vilnius and Trakai. -
Liis Leitsalu Research Fellow, Institute for Genomics University of Tartu, Estonia
Liis Leitsalu Research Fellow, Institute for Genomics University of Tartu, Estonia Liis Leitsalu is a genetic consultant at the Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu. Her work focuses on behavioral research in genomics and the ethical, legal and societal issues related to the use of genomic information generated by the genome center. She holds a MSc in Genetic Counseling from Sarah Lawrence College (USA) and a BSc. with Honours in Genetics from the University of Edinburgh (UK). Currently, she received her PhD in Gene Technology at the University of Tartu. She is BBMRI-ERIC Common Service ELSI representative for the Estonian national node. Liis Letsalu has advanced her proficiency through the following: Research experience: 2010 Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu (EGCUT), Tartu, Estonia 2006, 2007 Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia Summer internships at the Department of Gene Technology, Professor Tõnis Timmusk’s Laboratory Clinical experience: 2016 Tartu University Hospital, Tallinn clinic, Estonia Genetic counseling intern at the genetics department 2008–2010 Sarah Lawrence College, Bronxville, NY Maimonides Clinical Center, Brooklyn, NY Genetic counseling in pediatrics and prenatal setting. Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY Genetic counseling in cancer setting. St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY Genetic counseling in pediatric and prenatal setting. Bronx-Lebanon Hospital, Bronx, NY Genetic counseling in prenatal setting. Other experience: 2016 University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia Member of the Research Ethics Committee 2015 BBMRI-ERIC, Common Service ELSI National representative for the Ethical, legal and societal issues working group. END OF DOCUMENT . -
Baltic Treasures Itinerary: Vilnius
BALTIC TREASURES ITINERARY: VILNIUS- TRAKAI -HILL OF CROSSES-RUNDALE-RIGA–SIGULDA-PARNU- SAAREMAA-KURRESAARE-HAAPSALU-TALLINN DURATION: 9 days / 8 nights Day 1 Vilnius Arrival in Vilnius, the capital city of Lithuania Transfer from the airport to the hotel Check in at the hotel Overnight in Vilnius Day 2 Vilnius – Trakai Breakfast at the hotel. Vilnius city tour 3h Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania was founded in 1323 when Grand Duke Gediminas built a castle there, nowadays bustling city with one of the oldest and most charming Old Towns in Europe. The splendid architectural blend of Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque styles makes this a wonderful city to explore. During sightseeing tour you will visit Old town, which is included to the UNESCO World Heritage. Visit Cathedral and Cathedral Square and pass by Gediminas Avenue, the Parliament and President's Palace, Vilnius University and Town Hall. Continue walking narrow old streets, visit St. Anna's Church - a gem of Gothic architecture, Gates of Dawn and St. Peter-Paul Church. Further way to Trakai. Visiting Trakai castle 2h Trakai, the former capital of Lithuania, which is situated on an island in the middle of a lake. The 14th century red brick castle now houses the Art Museum. The castles of Trakai are the best known works of defensive architecture in Lithuania. The old town of Trakai, which includes the Island and the Peninsula Castles, surrounded by lakes, is one of the most impressive and most picturesque locations in Europe. Here still reside small national minority of Karaites, which is confessing Judaism. It is believed they were brought from the Crimea by the Grand Lithuanian Duke Vytautas. -
THE DISCOVERY of the BALTIC the NORTHERN WORLD North Europe and the Baltic C
THE DISCOVERY OF THE BALTIC THE NORTHERN WORLD North Europe and the Baltic c. 400-1700 AD Peoples, Economies and Cultures EDITORS Barbara Crawford (St. Andrews) David Kirby (London) Jon-Vidar Sigurdsson (Oslo) Ingvild Øye (Bergen) Richard W. Unger (Vancouver) Przemyslaw Urbanczyk (Warsaw) VOLUME 15 THE DISCOVERY OF THE BALTIC The Reception of a Catholic World-System in the European North (AD 1075-1225) BY NILS BLOMKVIST BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2005 On the cover: Knight sitting on a horse, chess piece from mid-13th century, found in Kalmar. SHM inv. nr 1304:1838:139. Neg. nr 345:29. Antikvarisk-topografiska arkivet, the National Heritage Board, Stockholm. Brill Academic Publishers has done its best to establish rights to use of the materials printed herein. Should any other party feel that its rights have been infringed we would be glad to take up contact with them. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Blomkvist, Nils. The discovery of the Baltic : the reception of a Catholic world-system in the European north (AD 1075-1225) / by Nils Blomkvist. p. cm. — (The northern world, ISSN 1569-1462 ; v. 15) Includes bibliographical references (p.) and index. ISBN 90-04-14122-7 1. Catholic Church—Baltic Sea Region—History. 2. Church history—Middle Ages, 600-1500. 3. Baltic Sea Region—Church history. I. Title. II. Series. BX1612.B34B56 2004 282’485—dc22 2004054598 ISSN 1569–1462 ISBN 90 04 14122 7 © Copyright 2005 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill Academic Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. -
Turaida. Turaida Ravines and Caves
6 km TURAIDA. TURAIDA RAVINES AND CAVES Gūtmaņala Cave Tracks in Gauja valley Photo: Baltic Pictures and the Archive of Sigulda TIC Turaida Castle Description Distance Starting point/ destination For travellers interested in the nature ~ 6 km. Parking lot at the Gūtmaņala Cave and culture monuments located on Visitor Centre. 24.84699, 57.17633 the banks of the old Gauja valley. The Route reason why fortified settlements by Gūtmaņala Cave Visitor Centre – Way marking Livs later followed by monolith stone Vikmeste Valley – Mounds Taurētāju None on site. castles erected by Germans were and Rata – Mound Kārļa – Turaida established here are the natural – Turaida Museum Reserve – Dainu Distance to Riga conditions and geologic processes kalns or the Hill of Folksongs – stairs 55 km. over the last 10,000–15,000 years and leading down from Dainu kalns to the consequences thereof — complicated River Gauja – Turaidas Street (Igauņu Public transportation terrain, steep ravines and rock Ravine) – Gūtmaņala Cave Visitor The train Riga-Sigulda operates 8-9 pillars on banks in the places of their Centre. times per day; Turaida is reached by interactions, onto which castles were bus (buses going to Krimulda or In- erected. Were the primeval valley not Duration ciems), bus stop “Turaida”, electric formed by the glacier, the nature and Half-day or a full day route. car, or on foot (5 km). culture landscape of Sigulda would be completely different! Difficulty level Worth knowing! Moderate. Some sections — banks Suitable trekking footwear and a Best time to go of the primeval valley of the River map of Turaida is needed. -
THE TREASURY of SACRAL HERITAGE of TRAKAI REGION 1 2 TRAKAI BASILICA of the VISITATION of the BLESSED VIRGIN MARY GPS: 54°38’34”N 24°56’03”E Address: Birutės Str
THE TREASURY OF SACRAL HERITAGE OF TRAKAI REGION 1 2 TRAKAI BASILICA OF THE VISITATION OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY GPS: 54°38’34”N 24°56’03”E Address: Birutės str. 5, Trakai town, Trakai eldership, Trakai district municipality On the map E2 The Basilica of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin the 17th century people began applying votes to Mary stands in Trakai peninsula surrounded by the image as thanks for graces received. It is es- lakes. This church that equals Trakai Island Castle timated that today there are over 400 votes! This in terms of size and grandeur, was consecrated as first gold crowned painting was given the title a basilica in 2017 (there are 8 basilicas in Lithuania Protector of the Sick. Interestingly, the painting is altogether). revered by Catholic, Orthodox, and Muslim com- munities alike. Special criteria of Domus Ecclesiae, a decree of Divine Worship and Liturgy, were used in the pro- The church founded by Grand Duke Vytautas in cess of granting the very honourable title of basil- the 15th century has an irregular shaped form ica. The criteria are applied both for the building with harmoniously intertwined gothic and ba- itself and the living Church – for those who pray roque features. Fresco fragments in the walls of there. The exclusive historical importance of the the church recall the Byzantine-era style. church for the region and the country were ac- The Basilica is a treasure trove of sacred and fine knowledged, as was the solemnity of the building art – there are easel paintings, memorial monu- and religious community’s dissemination of faith ments, various relics, wine glasses, 18th-century and love. -
Forschungen Zur Baltischen Geschichte 9 / 2014
FORSCHUNGEN ZUR BALTISCHEN GESCHICHTE 9 2014 Herausgegeben von Mati Laur und Karsten Brüggemann unter Mitwirkung von Anti Selart, Andris Levans und Ulrike Plath in Verbindung mit Detlef Henning (Lüneburg), Carsten Jahnke (Kopenhagen), Juhan Kreem (Tallinn), Enn Küng (Tartu), Mārīte Jakovļeva (Riga), Ilgvars Misāns (Riga), Evgenija Nazarova (Moskau), Gvido Straube (Riga), Tõnu Tannberg (Tartu), Ülle Tarkiainen (Tartu), Matthias Thumser (Berlin), Rita Regina Trimonienė (Šiauliai), Ralph Tuchtenhagen (Berlin), Horst Wernicke (Greifswald), Seppo Zetterberg (Jyväskylä) Akadeemiline Ajalooselts Forschungen zur baltischen Geschichte - Bd. 9 hrsg. von Mati Laur und Karsten Brüggemann Tartu: Akadeemiline Ajalooselts, 2014 Redaktion und Drucklegung wurden gefördert durch die Wissenschaftsförderung der Republik Estland ETF (Eesti Teadusfond) 9164, ETF 8209, SF (Sihtfi nantseerimine) 0130038s09 und SF 0180006s11 die Akademische Historische Gesellschaft (Tartu) die Baltische Historische Kommission e.V. das Historische Institut der Universität Tallinn und den Forschungsfonds der Universität Tallinn das Institut für Geschichte und Archäologie der Universität Tartu das Institut für Kultur und Geschichte der Deutschen in Nordosteuropa e.V. an der Universität Hamburg (Nordost-Institut) und von der Beauftragten der Bundesregierung für Kultur und Medien aufgrund eines Beschlusses des Deutschen Bundestages Redaktion: Institut für Geschichte und Archäologie der Universität Tartu Ülikooli 18, Tartu, Estland, EE-50090 [email protected]; http://www.fzbg.ut.ee/ Manuskripte -
Activation of P53 by Nutlin Leads to Rapid Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Oncogene (2008) 27, 5277–5287 & 2008 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 0950-9232/08 $32.00 www.nature.com/onc ORIGINAL ARTICLE Activation of p53 by nutlin leads to rapid differentiation of human embryonic stem cells T Maimets1,2, I Neganova2,3, L Armstrong2,3 and M Lako2,3 1Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; 2Institute of Human Genetics, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK and 3North East Stem Cell Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK p53 is an important regulator of normal cell response to transition mechanisms remain largely obscure. One stress and frequently mutated in human tumours. Here, we possibility to clarify these relationships is to study the studied the effects of activation of p53 and its target activity of important components of signal-transduction gene p21 in human embryonic stem cells. We show that pathways—oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes—in activation of p53 with small-molecule activator nutlin each of these cell types. Several oncogenes and tumour leads to rapid differentiation of stem cells evidenced by suppressors, such as Bmi1 (Molofsky et al., 2003), Gfi1 changes in cell morphology and adhesion, expression of (Hock et al., 2004), Pten (Groszer et al., 2001), Wnt/ cell-specific markers for primitive endoderm and trophec- beta-catenin (Dravid et al., 2005) and Notch (Dontu toderm lineages and loss of pluripotency markers. p21 is et al., 2004), have been shown to control the self-renewal quickly and dose-dependently activated by nutlin. It can of normal untransformed tissue stem cells. also be activated independently from p53 by sodium p53 gene is mutated in more than half of human butyrate, which leads to the differentiation events very tumours (Hainaut and Hollstein, 2000), which indicates similar to the ones induced by p53. -
Trakų Istorinis Nacionalinis Parkas Ir Jo Kultūros Vertybių Svarba UNESCO
TRAKØ ISTORINIS NACIONALINIS PARKAS IR JO KULTÛROS VERTYBIØ SVARBA UNESCO KRITERIJØ ATÞVILGIU JONAS GLEMÞA Vilniaus dailës akademija Trakø istorinis nacionalinis parkas yra unikalus Trakø eþeryno kraðtovaizdþio ir kultûros vertybiø kompleksas, kurá sudaro: Trakø salos ir pusiasalio XIVXV a. pilys, Senøjø Trakø piliavietë, Trakø senamiestis, XIVXIX/XX a. pradþia bei XIX a. Uþutrakio dvaro sodyba. Trakø salos ir pusiasalio mûrinës pilys, kaip architektûros paminklai, pasiþymi savito plano dviejø daliø struktûra, nors XX a. pradþios nevienodo iðlikimo. Senøjø Trakø piliavie- të yra senesnës pilies negu salos ir pusiasalio pilys, dabar saugoma kaip archeologijos pavel- do objektas. Ir ðiame objekte archeologiniø tyrimø yra rasta mûrø su ,,vendiniu plytø riði- mu, bûdingu XIII a.pirmai XIV a. pusei. Reikia nepamirðti, kad pilys yra XIIIXIV a. kovø, kaip 200 metø valstybës gynimosi nuo Kryþiuoèiø ir Livonijos ordinø, liudininkai. Kartu su pilimi iðaugo ir viduramþiø Trakø miestas, tapæs XVI a. Trakø vaivadijos cen- tru, dabar kaip istorinis miestas saugomas senamiesèio statusu. Bûtent Trakuose esantys ávairiø religijø katalikø, karaimø, staèiatikiø maldos namai, kaip ir buvusiø vienuolynø liekanos, suteikia Trakø senamiesèiui papildomà vertæ. Atlikti Trakø mûrinës baþnyèios architektûri- niai tyrimai parodë, kad esamos baþnyèios iðorë renesanso architektûra dengia gotikinës baþnyèios sienas. Pats senamiestis yra specifinis, palyginti su kitais Lietuvos senamiesèiais, nes èia dominuoja mediniai vienaaukðèiai gyvenamieji namai, tuo suteikiamas savitas sena- miesèio charakteris. Trakø pilies ir miesto gamtinëje aplinkoje XIX a. sukurtas Uþutrakio dvaro sodybos su parku (parko kûrëjas prancûzø landðafto architektas E.Andre) kompleksas, savo kultûrine verte yra vienas ryðkesniø Lietuvos dvarø sodybø pavyzdþiø. Reikia akcentuoti ir tai, kad èia nuo viduramþiø kartu gyveno ir tebegyvena ávairiø tautybiø: lietuviø, karaimø, totoriø, len- kø, rusø tautybës þmonës, sudarantys savitas bendrijas. -
Summary of the Development Vision 2030 for Tourism and Transport Corridor of the VIA Hanseatica Route
Summary of the development vision 2030 for tourism and transport corridor of the VIA Hanseatica route VIA Hanseatica is a historically ancient tourism route connecting Russia, Estonia and Latvia. This route is based on historic transport and trade routes from St. Petersburg through Tartu to Riga and further to Western Europe. VIA Hanseatica and its adjacent area serve as an important tourism development corridor, however, one of the limiting factors for achieving its full potential is the availability and quality of transport services. Both local and foreign tourists, looking for an alternative means of transport for personal road transport, face the fragmentation of the proposed transport solutions, the lack of digitally available information, as well as the inconvenience of public transport use and the incompatibility of scheduling times, which hampers convenient movement between several tourism sites in the vicinity of the transport corridor. Also when choosing personal road transport, tourists face different barriers, such as the quality of infrastructure (road condition, lack of road signs). Picture No 1: Area of the tourist route VIA Hanseatica and its external reach On the tourism route VIA Hanseatica, the transport flow in the Vidzeme planning region is moving along the country's main road A3 Incukalns – Valmiera – Estonian border (Valka), the railway line Riga – Lugaji – the state border, as well as the functionally linked section of the road A2 Incukalns – Drabesi and section of the road P20 Drabesi – Cesis – Valmiera, including the direction of Smiltene - Valka. The vision of VIA Hanseatica for 2030 highlights its connecting function and its mobility: VIA Hanseatica tourism corridor is the connecting wire between the most demanding destinations – Riga, Gauja National Park and Tartu, which provides extensive, convenient, efficient and environmentally friendly mobility opportunities. -
Pigeons in Tallinn and Turtles in Tartu by Maria Tahamtani
BIOPHILIC CITIES JOURNAL / CITY PROFILE Old Town Tallinn Photo Credit: Maria Tahamtani Tallinn, Estonia Pigeons in Tallinn and Turtles in Tartu Photo Credit: Maria Tahamtani By Maria Tahamtani When visiting Tallinn, Estonia, Soviet Union through a peaceful on the backs of the sculptures, I expected to be met with the revolution of unified song. jumping on and off of them and magic of the Christmas Market, However, on my first journey running in between them, as if to be entranced by the medieval along the narrow, winding they were playing hide-and-seek. fairytale atmosphere that cobblestone pathways that Content with these concrete dominates its Old Town, and to meander through much of the reminders of nature, I smiled feast on a variety of hearty foods city, the one thing I could never and walked on. They were, after such as hand-stuffed meat pies, have expected was perhaps the all, a pleasant surprise and a grilled game sausages, and ox very thing that made me smile sweet addition to the storybook soup served in traditional clay the most: large pigeon sculptures quality of Tallinn. However, bowls. I also expected to feel repeatedly and strategically the further along I walked, the the history underfoot, and to placed in the streets of Tallinn. more sculptures I noticed and walk where courageous men The first time I came across a the more I began to question and women of the small Baltic couple of the birds, I watched their purpose. It took gaining a country once stood, displaying as a few small children who, familiarity with the whole city no taller than the pigeons to finally understand that these their quiet power in the effort to Photo Credit: Maria Tahamtani Photo Credit: Maria Tahamtani regain independence from the themselves, danced and played pigeons were not decorative nor 58 BIOPHILIC CITIES JOURNAL | MARCH 2019 | 59 a temporary art installation, but in more creative ways than one.