DOCSLIB.ORG

Assessing Fidel Castro Strategies and Policies in Overcoming U.S – Cuba Trade Relation Issue in the Case of Trade Embargo by the U.S 1960 -1965

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Assessing Fidel Castro Strategies and Policies in Overcoming U.S – Cuba Trade Relation Issue in the Case of Trade Embargo by the U.S 1960 -1965 ASSESSING FIDEL CASTRO STRATEGIES AND POLICIES IN OVERCOMING U.S – CUBA TRADE RELATION ISSUE IN THE CASE OF TRADE EMBARGO BY THE U.S 1960 -1965 By: Devita Kania Prawira ID No. 016201100118 A thesis proposal presented to Faculty of Humanities President University In partial fulfillment of the requirements of Bachelor Degree in International Relation Concentration of Diplomacy Studies 2015 PANEL OF EXAMINER APPROVAL SHEET The panel of examiners declare that the thesis entitled “Assessing Fidel Castro Strategies and Policies in Overcoming U.S – Cuba Trade Relation Issue in the Case of Trade Embargo by the U.S 1960 – 1965” that was submitted by Devita Kania Prawira majoring in International Relation from the Faculty of Humanities was assessed and approved to have passed the Oral Examinations on (February 6th 2015) Teuku Rezasyah, Ph.D Chair – Panel of Examiners Witri Elvianti, MA Examiner Dr. Endi Haryono, M,Si Advisor ii DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I declare that this thesis, entitled “Assessing Fidel Castro Strategies And Policies In Overcoming U.S – Cuba Trade Relation Issue In The Case Of Trade Embargo By The U.S 1960 -1965” is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, an original piece of work that has not been submitted, either in whole or in part, to another university to obtain a degree. Cikarang, Indonesia, ______________________ _______________________ Devita Kania Prawira iii ABSTRACT Title: Assessing Fidel Castro Strategies and Policies in Overcoming U.S – Cuba Trade Relation Issue in the Case of Trade Embargoes by the U.S (1960 – 1965) Trade has become an interested topic of being discussed in international relation study. The trade role is considered as one of the important factors to determine a country growth. A little restriction could impact badly to the country’s development. In this issue, Cuba and United States have experiencing the turbulence relation especially related to their economy partnership. As the new leader of Cuba, Fidel Castro established significant strategies and policies that influence both countries economic relation. Since the strategies and policies disadvantages United States Corporation, they imposed trade embargoes to Cuba as the sanction. In this study, the historical background also provide as its influence to the establishment of the strategies and policies. For over years, United States role in Cuba’s economic was significant which means Fidel Castro’s role through his decision making was very important in dealing with the embargoes. In examining Castro strategies and policies, the writer uses qualitative method to gather all the data and historical materialism approach to support the analysis. The result of this research proves that Castro strategies and policies, that have the tendency to the socialist, are very significant and succeeded in overcoming/dealing with the impact of the embargoes. Keywords: Socialism, Trade embargoes, Fidel Castro, Cuba, United States, Policies, Strategies iv ABSTRAK Isu perdagangan telah menjadi topik yang menarik untuk didiskusikan di dalam mata pelajaran hubungan internasional. Peran perdagangan memiliki salah satu faktor penting untuk menentukan pertumbuhan suatu negara. Pembatasan sekecil apapun bisa berdampak buruk terhadap pembangunan negara. Dalam masalah ini, Kuba dan Amerika Serikat telah mengalami pasang surut hubungan terutama berkaitan dengan kerjasama ekonomi dua negara tersebut. Sebagai pemimpin baru Kuba, Fidel Castro menetapkan strategi dan kebijakan yang mempengaruhi hubungan kedua Negara. Karena strategi dan kebijakan banyak merugikan perusahaan Amerika Serikat, Kuba dikenakan embargo perdagangan sebagai sanksi. Dalam penelitian ini latar belakang juga disediakan atas pengaruhnya ddalam pembentukkan strategi dan kebijakan. Selama bertahun-tahun, peran Amerika Serikat cukup signifikan didalam ekonomi Kuba yang berarti peran Fidel Castro melalui pengambilan keputusan sangatlah penting dalam menghadapi embargo. Dalam mengkaji strategi dan kebijakan Castro, penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk mengumpulkan semua data dan menggunakan pendekatan historis materialisme untuk mendukung analisis. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa strategi dan kebijakan Castro, yang memiliki kecenderungan terhadap sosialime, sangatlah signifikan dan berhasil dalam mengatasi dampak embargo. Kata Kunci: Sosialisme, Embargo perdagangan, Cuba, Amerika Serikat, Kebijakan, Strategi v ACKNOWLEDGMENT Giving such a wonderful opportunities and experiences in my entire life, I would like to express my highest gratitude first to, Allah SWT. Who always guided and helped me for every single step I take, until finally I have finished this thesis as the requirement to gain my degree. In finishing my thesis, I’m surrounded by many people who always support and help me a lot. Therefore I would like to express my gratitude to all of them in this page. I realize that I couldn’t reward all of their kindness during my thesis, but I always pray to God to repay the good things that they had gave me. I would like to thank for my families, to my mom, Nila Novita; my grandmother, Rossy Agoes; my brother and sister, Rionaldi and Safira who always support and motivate me no matter what happen, in good and bad. Special thanks to my dad because even though he wasn’t here during my thesis, I know that he always pray for me and his life spirit motivate me more in completing my thesis. I wouldn’t be able to be what I am now if it’s not because all of them. I would like to deliver my gratitude also for my great advisors; Mr. Endi Haryono and Ms. Witri Elvianti. I couldn’t thank enough for their support and willingness in helping me to complete my thesis. I know that they have always spending their time to read and then guiding me to right direction in the writing process. And I want them to know that I’m grateful to have them as my advisors. Then, I would like to show my gratitude to others lectures in International Relation Faculty who provides an excellent education to the entire student. Various knowledge are well obtained during the university. To other lectures and all staffs in President University, I would like also to send my gratitude for their togetherness which provided comfortable place during my time as the student. vi Last but not least, I would like to thank to all my friends in IR Family for their love, laugh, and share which make wonderful memories and experiences. Special thanks to Eka, Tiffany, and Bella who always accompany me since entering the university, in good and bad times. Finally I would like to express my gratitude to my previous internship place, PT. DBS Indonesia, which taught many unforgettable experiences. Jakarta, 9 January 2015 Devita Kania Prawira vii TABLE OF CONTENTS PANEL OF EXAMINER........................................................................................................ ii APPROVAL SHEET .............................................................................................................. ii DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY ............................................................................................. iii ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................... iv ABSTRAK.............................................................................................................................. v ACKNOWLEDGMENT ........................................................................................................ vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................................... viii List of Tables .......................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background of Study............................................................................................... 1 1.2. Problem Identification ............................................................................................. 7 1.3 Research Question ................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Research Objectives ................................................................................................ 9 1.5 Scope and limitation of the study assumption ......................................................... 9 1.6 Thesis Outline ....................................................................................................... 10 1.7 Research Methodology .......................................................................................... 11 1.7.1 Research Table ..................................................................................................... 12 1.7.2 Research Framework ............................................................................................ 14 1.8 Literature Review .................................................................................................. 14 1.9 Theoretical Framework ......................................................................................... 17 CHAPTER II HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ................................................................... 24 2.1 History of Cuba and United States Relation .......................................................... 24 2.2.1. Cuba under Spain ................................................................................................ 25
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Human Rights.Indb
    Landman, Todd. "Evidence and explanations." Human Rights and Democracy: The Precarious Triumph of Ideals. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2013. 61–82. Bloomsbury Collections. Web. 3 Oct. 2021. <http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781472544643.ch-005>. Downloaded from Bloomsbury Collections, www.bloomsburycollections.com, 3 October 2021, 05:36 UTC. Copyright © Todd Landman, 2013. You may share this work for non-commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher, and provide a link to the Creative Commons licence. CHAPTER FIVE Evidence and explanations Introduction We saw in the previous chapter that the experience of democracy, democratization and the advancement of human rights are both vast and highly variegated. Many countries and regions have made great progress in establishing democracy and protecting human rights during the course of the twentieth century and early years of the twenty-first century, while other countries have seen setbacks or continued forms of authoritarian rule where democracy continues to be elusive and human rights continue be violated. For analysts of global politics, these trends across time and space are referred to as ‘ variation ’ , and as we shall see in this chapter, such variation is in need of explanation . The social sciences have developed and continue to develop theories and methods that help us understand how, why and under what conditions are the advance of democracy and human rights possible. This combination of theories and methods seeks to reduce the complexity of what we observe in the world and look for common sets of factors that account for the kinds of changes that were discussed in the previous chapter.
    [Show full text]
  • Cuba: Issues for the 109Th Congress
    Cuba: Issues for the 109th Congress Updated December 19, 2006 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL32730 Cuba: Issues for the 109th Congress Summary Since the early 1960s, U.S. policy toward Cuba under Fidel Castro has consisted largely of isolating the communist nation through comprehensive economic sanctions, which have been significantly tightened by the Bush Administration. Another component of U.S. policy has consisted of support measures for the Cuban people, including private humanitarian donations and U.S.-sponsored radio and television broadcasting to Cuba. While there appears to be broad agreement on the overall objective of U.S. policy toward Cuba—to help bring democracy and respect for human rights to the island—there are several schools of thought on how to achieve that objective: some advocate maximum pressure on Cuba until reforms are enacted; others argue for lifting some U.S. sanctions judged to be hurting the Cuban people; and still others call for a swift normalization of U.S.-Cuban relations. Fidel Castro’s announcement in late July 2006 that he was temporarily ceding political power to his brother Raúl in order to recover from surgery has prompted some Members to call for re-examination of U.S. policy. In the 109th Congress, legislative initiatives included the approval of five human rights resolutions: H.Con.Res. 81, H.Res. 193, H.Res. 388, S.Res. 140, and S.Res. 469. P.L. 109-102 funded Cuba democracy projects in FY2006. Action on several FY2007 appropriations measures were not completed, so action will need to be completed in 2007: House-passed H.R.
    [Show full text]
  • The United States and Cuba After D17
    Hemisphere Volume 25 Article 1 Issue 1 The United States and Cuba after D17 2016 The nitU ed States and Cuba after D17 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/lacc_hemisphere Part of the Latin American Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation (2016) "The nitU ed States and Cuba after D17," Hemisphere: Vol. 25 : Iss. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/lacc_hemisphere/vol25/iss1/1 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the Kimberly Green Latin American and Carribbean Center (LACC) Publications Network at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hemisphere by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The nitU ed States and Cuba after D17 Abstract With the D17 announcement, US-Cuba policies were suddenly and dramatically transformed after decades of stale and repetitive relations. Guest editor Jorge Duany, director of FIU’s famed Cuban Research Institute, invited a group of leading experts to examine the repercussions of the restoration of diplomatic ties and discuss the intractable obstacles to the full restoration of relations between the two countries. Although normalization of diplomatic relations and the prospect of change have produced an exciting time for scholarship and policy analysis, the conclusion fifteen months later is that rapproachement has been slower and more modest than expected. This issue is available in Hemisphere: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/lacc_hemisphere/vol25/iss1/1 A MAGAZINE OF THE AMERICAS VOLUME 25 • SUMMER 2016 • HTTP://LACC.FIU.EDU The United States and Cuba after D17 DIALOGUE ACADEMIA DISSEMINATE LINKAGES BUSINESS MEDIA TOPICS Hemisphere LEARN INDUSTRYDEBATEETHICS VOLUME 25 • SUMMER 2016 • HTTP://LACC.FIU.EDU INFORMATION CONTENT DEPTH CULTURE INVESTIGATION STATISTICS UNRAVEL LOCATION IN THIS ISSUE CULTIVATE TRAINING EXCHANGE POLICY REVEAL SPARK NEWS ANALYSIS LETTER FROM THE EDITOR INSIGHT INTERPRET INTERNATIONAL Frank O.
    [Show full text]
  • The International Dimensions of Authoritarian Legitimation: the Impact of Regime Evolution
    Inclusion of a paper in the Working Papers series does not constitute publication and should limit in any other venue. Copyright remains with the authors. Inclusion of a paper in the Working Papers serve to disseminate the research results of work in progress prior publication encourage exchange ideas and academic debate. Working GIGA GIGA Research Programme: Legitimacy and Efficiency of Political Systems ___________________________ The International Dimensions of Authoritarian Legitimation: The Impact of Regime Evolution Bert Hoffmann No 182 December 2011 www.giga-hamburg.de/workingpapers GIGA WP 182/2011 GIGA Working Papers Edited by the GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies Leibniz‐Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien The GIGA Working Papers series serves to disseminate the research results of work in progress prior to publication in order to encourage the exchange of ideas and academic debate. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. Inclusion of a paper in the GIGA Working Papers series does not constitute publication and should not limit publication in any other venue. Copyright remains with the authors. When working papers are eventually accepted by or published in a journal or book, the correct citation reference and, if possible, the corresponding link will then be included on the GIGA Working Papers website at <www.giga‐hamburg.de/workingpapers>. GIGA research unit responsible for this issue: GIGA Research Programme 1: “Legitimacy and Efficiency of Political Systems” Editor of the GIGA Working Papers series: Bert Hoffmann <workingpapers@giga‐hamburg.de> Copyright for this issue: © Bert Hoffmann English copy editor: James Powell Editorial assistant and production: Silvia Bücke All GIGA Working Papers are available online and free of charge on the website <www.giga‐hamburg.de/workingpapers>.
    [Show full text]
  • 18 VON PLATO Conclusion
    Conclusion: The North Americas, NATO, Europe, and German Reunification Alexander von Plato, John G. Diefenbaker Fellow (2012) Cold War and Détente Policy The years between the seventies and the mid-eighties of the twentieth century were not the best for relations between Canada and the United States. There were vast political differences between the governments and their leaders. Prime Minister Trudeau did not support the Cold War policy of the United States, especially under President Ronald Reagan. Neither did he support the Cold War policy of the British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. For other reasons, the relations to France were also tense.1 Though Canada was a member of NATO, Trudeau’s government criticized the armament policy of the United States, in particular the nuclear mobilization, and they tried to better relations with the Soviet Union.2 Trudeau called this policy his “peace initiative”. He normalized diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China before the United States. His government pursued a détente policy which was similar to the policy of the Swedish Premier Olof Palme and of the West German chancellor Willy Brandt. Trudeau’s government also tried to reduce the tensions between East and West. The government under Trudeau tried to get better relationships not only to the Soviet Union and to China, but to independent states of the third world, including Cuba under Fidel Castro. The Canadian Prime Minister visited Cuba in 1976.3 It is said that Castro and Trudeau became close friends (Castro attended Trudeau’s funeral in 2000). While the policy of the United States tried to isolate Cuba and to lead it into an economic disaster with the embargo of 1961.
    [Show full text]
  • Leonid Il'ich Brezhnev's 1974 Visit to Cuba
    ¡Viva el camarada Leonid Ilich Brézhnev!: Leonid Il’ich Brezhnev’s 1974 Visit to Cuba William Zang A thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Curriculum in Russian and East European Studies at the College of Arts and Sciences. Chapel Hill 2019 Approved by: Donald J. Raleigh Louis A. Pérez, Jr. Michael Cotey Morgan Ó 2019 William Zang ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT William Zang: ¡Viva el camarada Leonid Ilich Brézhnev!: Leonid Il’ich Brezhnev’s 1974 Visit to Cuba (Under the direction of Donald J. Raleigh) This essay on General Secretary Leonid Il’ich Brezhnev’s visit to Cuba from January 28 to February 3, 1974, examines the influence of détente on the Soviet-Cuban alliance using Brezhnev’s Cuban tour as a case study. I argue that Brezhnev, recognizing Cuba’s importance in maintaining détente with the United States, traveled to Cuba to ensure the success of this policy by strengthening the Soviet-Cuban alliance. Brezhnev consolidated détente by using his time in Cuba to allay Cuban fears that a thaw in U.S.-Soviet relations took precedent over Cuban security from American intervention. I show that Brezhnev succeeded in extracting a cautious public endorsement of détente from Havana and in doing so found the limits of Soviet influence on Cuban behavior. I also determine that the vicissitudes of détente ultimately served to reinforce the improvement in Soviet-Cuban relations that began in 1968. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Cuban Communism Under Raúl Castro (2006-2014)
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by White Rose E-theses Online Cuban Communism under Raúl Castro (2006-2014) Ramón I. Centeno Miranda Department of Politics University of Sheffield This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy January 2016 ii To Our America Acknowledgements The completion of this PhD would not have been possible without the support of many people. First of all, I would like to thank Steve Ludlam for all his advice and constant support. It has been a pleasure and a privilege working with him. I also would like to thank the feedback I received on my research from colleagues in the Annual Conference of the Society of Latin American Studies (2012 and 2014), in the Annual Conference of the Cuba Research Forum (in 2013 and 2014), in the Annual Postgraduate Colloquium of the Department of Politics of the University of Sheffield (2014), in the Annual Congress of CLACSO’s working group Latin America: governments, movements, and continuities (2014), and in the Annual Conference of the Latin American Studies Association (2015). This thesis owes a lot to the criticism and recommendations of insightful academics from many different countries. I also learned a lot about Cuba’s economic reform in conversations I had with economists of the Centre of Studies of the Cuban Economy (CEEC, in Spanish) of the University of Havana. Thanks to Omar E. Pérez Villanueva for welcoming me. Thanks to Liam Stanley for his savvy feedback on the first draft of this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Major American News Magazines and the Cuban Revolution| 1957--1971
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1972 Major American news magazines and the Cuban Revolution| 1957--1971 Joel Phillip Kleinman The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Kleinman, Joel Phillip, "Major American news magazines and the Cuban Revolution| 1957--1971" (1972). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 2900. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/2900 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MAJOR AMERICAN NEWS MAGAZINES AND THE CUBAN REVOLUTION; 1957-1971 By Joel P. Klelnman B.A., STATE UNIVERSITY OP NEW YORK AT BUFFALO, 1970 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 1972 Approved by: JkùAAJtM. ) yéAWi/ Chairman, Board ^ Examiners Xy //( • Dea^rJ/Gradi^te^Schooj Date T77 UMI Number: EP36356 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT UMI EP36356 Published by ProQuest LLC (2012).
    [Show full text]
  • Personality Cults and Isolation in North Korea and Cuba
    "A NATION'S VIBRANT AND TRIUMPHANT INCARNATION IN A MAN": PERSONALITY CULTS AND ISOLATION IN NORTH KOREA AND CUBA by Bianca Trifoi A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Wilkes Honors College In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in Liberal Arts and Sciences With a Concentration in International Studies Wilkes Honors College of Florida Atlantic University Jupiter, Florida May 2015 "A NATION'S VIBRANT AND TRIUMPHANT INCARNATION IN A MAN": PERSONALITY CULTS AND ISOLATION IN NORTH KOREA AND CUBA by Bianca Trifoi This thesis was prepared under the direction of the candidate’s thesis advisor, Dr. Timothy J. Steigenga, and has been approved by the members of her/his supervisory committee. It was submitted to the faculty of The Honors College and was accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Liberal Arts and Sciences. SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE: ____________________________ Dr. Timothy J. Steigenga ____________________________ Dr. Miguel Ángel Vázquez ______________________________ Dean Jeffrey Buller, Wilkes Honors College ____________ Date ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To my advisors Dr. Steigenga and Dr. Vázquez, thank you for everything these past four years. To Dr. Jakee, thank you for transforming my ideas into an actual working argument. To my mother, thank you for being my harshest critic and greatest supporter. To my family, and my friends Akemi Inamoto, Elizabeth Jellie, Jaspar Leahy, Jessica Garafola, Gabriel Berzinsky, John Q Lee, Taro Ouchi, Mumbi Ngugi, Taeyong Na, Tanguy Oukeo, and Alejandra Uribe, thank you for your help and support. To my professor at Korea University Sejong Campus, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • June 16, 1969 MILITARY COMMITMENTS to FOREIGN-COUNTRIES High School Debate Issue TABLE of CONTENTS PREFACE
    June 16, 1969 MILITARY COMMITMENTS TO FOREIGN-COUNTRIES High School Debate Issue TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE----------------------------------------------------------- v CHAPTER !--UNITED STATES FOREIGN MILITARY COMMITMENTS--------�---- 1 I. Introducticn--------------------------------------------- 1 II. Origins of the Cold War--A Failure of Cooperation-------- 1 III. Latin America-------------------------------------------- 4 IV. United States Military Policy in Europe------------------ 8 V. United States Military Policy in the Middle East--------- 12 VI. United States Military Policy in the Far East------------ 16 A. The Legacy of World War II-------------------------- 16 B. The Korean War-------------------------------------- 19 C. The War in Indo-China------------------------------- 20 D. Geneva Conference----------------------------------- 21 E. Southeast Asia Treaty Organization------------------ 22 F. The Present Dilemma--------------------------------- 22 . D•1 scuss1on Quest1on s------------------------------------ 24 CHAPTER !!--UNILATERAL INTERVENTION------------------------------- 25 I. Introduction--------------------------------------------- 25 II. Definitions---------------------------------------------- 25 A. " ...Militar y Intervention ... "----------------------- 2 11: •• 5 B. Unilateral.. "---------------------------------- 29 C. "Congress Should Prohibit ... "----------------------- 31 -i- CHAPTER II (Cont'd.) III. Is Unilateral Intervention Necessary?-------------------- 44 A. The Impact of Nationalism: An Affirmative
    [Show full text]
  • Article Fidel Castro and Socioeconomic Human Rights in Africa: a Multi-Level
    ARTICLE FIDEL CASTRO AND SOCIOECONOMIC HUMAN RIGHTS IN AFRICA: A MULTI-LEVEL ANALYSIS Philip C. Aka* I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................41 II. DEFINING SOCIOECONOMIC HUMAN RIGHTS ..........47 III. BRIEF BACKGROUND HISTORY OF CUBAN-AFRICAN RELATIONS ........................................................................50 IV. MEASURING THE SIZE OF CUBAN SOCIOECONOMIC HUMAN RIGHTS IN AFRICA CIRCA 1975 TO 1991 ......56 V. DEFENDING SOCIALIST VALUES “TO THE LAST ATOM”: A MULTI-LEVEL ANALYSIS ............................63 A. Pursuit of Socioeconomic Human Rights in Service to Cuban National Security ...................................................64 B. Pursuit of Socioeconomic Human Rights in Service to the International Socialist Movement ..............................66 C. Interaction and Intersection of Cuban National Security and Service to the International Socialist Movement .......68 D. Cuba under Fidel Castro as Global Good Samaritan from the Socialist World ...........................................................72 VI. CONCLUSION .....................................................................76 I. INTRODUCTION In February of 2008, Fidel Castro stepped down from power as Cuban leader, due to failing health, after forty-nine years in office.1 In * Dean and Professor of Law, Faculty of Law, International University of Sarajevo (IUS); Member, Illinois State Bar; Founding Editor-in-Chief, IUS Law Journal; and Corresponding Editor, International Legal Materials (ILM). S.J.D., Indiana
    [Show full text]
  • Cuba: Issues for the 109Th Congress
    Order Code RL32730 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Cuba: Issues for the 109th Congress Updated June 23, 2006 Mark P. Sullivan Specialist in Latin American Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Cuba: Issues for the 109th Congress Summary Cuba under Fidel Castro remains a hard-line communist state with a poor record on human rights — a record that has worsened since 2003. Since the early 1960s, U.S. policy toward Cuba has consisted largely of isolating the island nation through comprehensive economic sanctions. Another component of U.S. policy consists of support measures for the Cuban people, including private humanitarian donations and U.S.-sponsored radio and television broadcasting to Cuba. The Bush Administration has further tightened restrictions on travel, remittances and private humanitarian assistance, and the payment process for U.S. agricultural exports to Cuba. While there appears to be broad agreement on the overall objective of U.S. policy toward Cuba — to help bring democracy and respect for human rights to the island — there are several schools of thought on how to achieve that objective. Some advocate maximum pressure on the Cuban government until reforms are enacted; others argue for lifting some U.S. sanctions that they believe are hurting the Cuban people. Still others call for a swift normalization of U.S.-Cuban relations. To date in the 109th Congress, legislative initiatives have included six human rights resolutions: House-passed H.Con.Res. 81, H.Res. 193, and H.Res. 388; Senate- passed S.Res.
    [Show full text]