Królewski Kościół Katedralny Na Wawelu. W Rocznicę Konsekracji 1364–2014 Wprowadzenie

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Królewski Kościół Katedralny Na Wawelu. W Rocznicę Konsekracji 1364–2014 Wprowadzenie Tomasz Węcławowicz Królewski kościół katedralny na Wawelu W rocznicę konsekracji 1364–2014 Royal Cathedral Church on Wawel Hill in Krakow Jubilee of the Consecration 1364–2014 Dekoracja zachodniej ściany katedry dobitnie ilustruje powiązanie św. Stanisława z ideą polityczną ostatnich władców z dynastii Piastów. Szczyt wieńczy fi gura św. Stani- sława, poniżej na drzwiach widnieje monogram króla Kazimierza Wielkiego – a między nimi Orzeł, herb Królestwa Polskiego – heraldyczny łącznik spajający dwie personifi kacje religijnej i świeckiej władzy. […] Dlatego krakowska katedra jest w każdym znaczeniu tego słowa „kościołem królewskim” – a przy tym jedną z najwcześniejszych takich realizacji w Europie Środkowej. Paul Crossley, Gothic Architecture in the Reign of Kazimir the Great, Kraków 1985 [Th e] demonstration of the link between St Stanislaw and the political ideology of the last Piast King is provided by the decoration of the west front of the cathedral. Above, in the gable is the fi gure of St Stanislaw; below, on the doors, is the pronounced signature of Kazimir the Great; and between them, as a heraldic link between these two personifi ca- tions of the religious and secular authority, is the Polish eagle, the arms of Poland […] In every sense of the word, therefore, Krakow cathedral is – a Königskirche. It is moreover one of the earliest of its kind in Central Europe. Paul Crossley, Gothic Architecture in the Reign of Kazimir the Great, Krakow 1985 Tomasz Węcławowicz Królewski kościół katedralny na Wawelu W rocznicę konsekracji 1364–2014 Royal Cathedral Church on Wawel Hill in Krakow Jubilee of the Consecration 1364–2014 Kraków 2014 UNIWERSYTET PAPIESKI JANA PAWŁA II WYDZIAŁ HISTORII I DZIEDZICTWA KULTUROWEGO PONTIFICAL UNIVERSITY OF JOHN PAUL II FACULTY OF HISTORY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE KRAKOWSKA AKADEMIA IM. ANDRZEJA FRYCZA MODRZEWSKIEGO WYDZIAŁ ARCHITEKTURY I SZTUK PIĘKNYCH ANDRZEJ FRYCZ MODRZEWSKI KRAKOW UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS POLSKIE TOWARZYSTWO TEOLOGICZNE W 90 ROCZNICĘ ZAŁOŻENIA POLISH THEOLOGICAL SOCIETY IN THE 90TH ANNIVERSARY OF ITS FOUNDATION Spis treści – Table of contents Edytoriale – Editorials – ks. kardynał Stanisław Dziwisz, Arcybiskup Metropolita Krakowski .........................................................7 – Cardinal Stanisław Dziwisz Metropolitan Archbishop of Kraków .............................................................9 – Paul Crossley, Th e Cathedral of the Kings ........................................................................................................ 11 – ks. Jacek Urban, Locus iste a Deo factus est ....................................................................................................... 17 Królewski kościół katedralny na Wawelu. W rocznicę konsekracji 1364–2014 Wprowadzenie ......................................................................................................................................................... 23 Podwójna katedra pierwszych Piastów ............................................................................................................... 27 Królewski kościół katedralny Wacława II .......................................................................................................... 47 Koronacyjna katedra ostatnich Piastów ............................................................................................................. 59 Katedralne patrocinia i relikwie a krakowskie mity początku ....................................................................... 79 Zakończenie ............................................................................................................................................................. 99 Album fotografii i rysunków – Illustrations ...................................................................................101 Royal Cathedral Church on Wawel Hill in Krakow. Jubilee of the Consecration 1364–2014 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................141 Th e Double Cathedral of the Early Piasts .........................................................................................................145 Th e Royal Cathedral of Václav II ........................................................................................................................161 Th e Coronation Cathedral of the Piast Kings .................................................................................................171 Patron Saints, their Holy Relics, and Krakow Myths of the ‘Beginning’ ...................................................191 Conclusion ..............................................................................................................................................................209 Wybrana biografi a – Selected bibliography ......................................................................................................211 Spis ilustracji – List of illustrations ....................................................................................................................241 Indeks .......................................................................................................................................................................248 Index .........................................................................................................................................................................256 Stanisław Kardynał Dziwisz Arcybiskup Metropolita Krakowski Kraków, 14 lutego 2014 r. 28 marca bieżącego roku minie 650 lat od konsekracji gotyckiej katedry na Wawelu. W czwartek po Wielkanocy (28 III) 1364 roku arcybiskup gnieźnieński Jarosław Bogoria ze Skotnik dokonał jej konsekracji. Na uroczystości jubileuszowe złożą się uroczysta msza święta pod przewodnictwem legata papieskiego, koncert i sesja naukowa zorganizowana przez Wydział Historii i Dziedzictwa Kultu- rowego Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie. Jedną z form uczczenia tego jubile- uszu jest publikacja prezentowanej w tym miejscu książki prof. Tomasza Węcławowicza, poświę- conej genezie obecnej, gotyckiej, katedry na Wawelu. Myśląc o konsekracji katedry, patrzymy na nią dzisiaj, 650 lat później. Podnosząc oczy po- nad ołtarz główny w prezbiterium, patrzymy na centralny zwornik na jego sklepieniu, który bywa określany jako kamień węgielny kościoła. Przedstawia Chrystusa zasiadającego na majestacie, na tronie z podnóżkiem. Lewą ręką podtrzymuje księgę Ewangelii, wspartą na lewym kolanie, a pra- wą unosi w górę w geście błogosławieństwa. To przedstawienie w ikonografi i określane bywa jako Maiestas Domini. Chrystus na majestacie, czyli na tronie jest Królem. Ten tron jest także katedrą, na której zasiada trzymając księgę Ewangelii. Równocześnie jest to tron Najwyższego Kapłana. Aniołowie w towarzyszących zwornikach podtrzymują, jeden dymiącą kadzielnicę, a drugi pło- nący lichtarz, a więc oddają część Bogu, sprawując liturgię niebieską. Chrystus chwalebny w centralnym zworniku katedry jest Tym, który naucza, który roz- grzesza, który się ofi aruje i który błogosławi. Równocześnie jest Tym, któremu cześć winne jest stworzenie. Scena ta przywołuje tekst z Apokalipsy „godzien jesteś Panie i nasz Boże, odebrać chwałę i cześć i moc” (Ap 4, 11). Celebracja liturgii niebieskiej sprawowana przez Aniołów, jest równocześnie pobudką i przypomnieniem dla żyjących, że po konsekracji miejsce to stało się świątynią Boga żywego. Kolejne zworniki prezbiterium katedry zostały poświęcone św. Wacławowi i św. Stanisławo- wi, a więc patronom katedry. Katedrę wzniesiono jako sanktuarium dla św. Stanisława, kanonizo- wanego w Asyżu w 1253 r. Niedługo po konsekracji katedra na Wawelu stała się także miejscem czci św. Jadwigi królowej. Równocześnie katedrę wznoszono jako kościół królewski. Wskazują na to zworniki w nawie głównej. Zanim zamknięto prezbiterium, katedra stała się miejscem koronacji królewskiej Wła- dysława Łokietka, miejscem jego pochówku i koronacji jego syna Kazimierza Wielkiego. Odtąd kościół katedralny na Wawelu trwał i pozostał w swej funkcji kościoła koronacyjnego i grzebalne- go większości polskich monarchów, co zapewniło mu pozycję nieporównywalną w stosunku do innych polskich kościołów i katedr. Równocześnie katedra na Wawelu była kościołem biskupim. Jest nim od ponad tysiąca lat, od roku 1000. Herb bp. Jana Grota (Rawicz) w ostatnim zworniku prezbiterium wskazuje na tego, który w 1346 roku doprowadził do konsekracji prezbiterium katedry, natomiast herb bi- skupa Bodzanty (Poraj), na tego, który doprowadził do końca budowy i do konsekracji. Katedra jest miejscem, z którego biskup naucza, sprawuje sakramenty święte, poświęca i błogosławi. Ka- tedra na Wawelu to pierwszy Jordan i pierwszy Wieczernik dla Krakowa i Małopolski. To Mater i Caput wszystkich kościołów Krakowa i diecezji krakowskiej, która podówczas swoją wielkością przekraczała granice Małopolski. Dziś w jej pierwotnych granicach znajduje się dziesięć diecezji. To miejsce najszczególniejsze. Miejsce koronacji królów i ich pochówków, miejsce konsekra- cji biskupów, święceń kapłanów i diakonów. Miejsce święceń olejów świętych w Wielki Czwartek, miejsce sprawowania uroczystej liturgii, miejsce nauczania, sprawowania sakramentów i miejsce dumy narodowej. Katedra na Wawelu była miejscem szczególnym dla bł. Jana Pawła II, który 50 lat temu, 8 marca 1964 roku odbył ingres do katedry, został jej gospodarzem – a 27 kwietnia tego roku zostanie ogłoszony świętym. Jan
Recommended publications
  • All Clubs Missing Officers 2014-15.Pdf
    Run Date: 12/17/2015 8:40:39AM Lions Clubs International Clubs Missing Club Officer for 2014-2015(Only President, Secretary or Treasurer) Undistricted Club Club Name Title (Missing) 27947 MALTA HOST Treasurer 27952 MONACO DOYEN Membershi 30809 NEW CALEDONIA NORTH Membershi 34968 SAN ESTEVAN Membershi 35917 BAHRAIN LC Membershi 35918 PORT VILA Membershi 35918 PORT VILA President 35918 PORT VILA Secretary 35918 PORT VILA Treasurer 41793 MANILA NEW SOCIETY Membershi 43038 MANILA MAYNILA LINGKOD BAYAN Membershi 43193 ST PAULS BAY Membershi 44697 ANDORRA DE VELLA Membershi 44697 ANDORRA DE VELLA President 44697 ANDORRA DE VELLA Secretary 44697 ANDORRA DE VELLA Treasurer 47478 DUMBEA Membershi 53760 LIEPAJA Membershi 54276 BOURAIL LES ORCHIDEES Membershi 54276 BOURAIL LES ORCHIDEES President 54276 BOURAIL LES ORCHIDEES Secretary 54276 BOURAIL LES ORCHIDEES Treasurer 54912 ULAANBAATAR CENTRAL Membershi 55216 MDINA Membershi 55216 MDINA President 55216 MDINA Secretary 55216 MDINA Treasurer 56581 RIFFA Secretary OFF0021 © Copyright 2015, Lions Clubs International, All Rights Reserved. Page 1 of 1290 Run Date: 12/17/2015 8:40:39AM Lions Clubs International Clubs Missing Club Officer for 2014-2015(Only President, Secretary or Treasurer) Undistricted Club Club Name Title (Missing) 57293 RIGA RIGAS LIEPA Membershi 57293 RIGA RIGAS LIEPA President 57293 RIGA RIGAS LIEPA Secretary 57293 RIGA RIGAS LIEPA Treasurer 57378 MINSK CENTRAL Membershi 57378 MINSK CENTRAL President 57378 MINSK CENTRAL Secretary 57378 MINSK CENTRAL Treasurer 59850 DONETSK UNIVERSAL
    [Show full text]
  • Plansza Nr 1 / Board No. 1 • Kraków (Paweł Krzan) Plansza Nr 2 / Board
    Plansza nr 1 / Board no. 1 Kraków (Paweł Krzan) Plansza nr 2 / Board no. 2 Grave goods of a Hun warrior found in Jakuszowice (Museum of Archaeology in Kraków, photo. Agnieszka Susuł) Kraków stater (National Museum in Kraków, photo. Paweł Czernicki) Celtic mint moulds (Paweł Mazur) Treasure hoard of iron tokens found at thefoot of Wawel Hill (Paweł Mazur) The Krakus Mound (Paweł Krzan) Plansza nr 3 / Board no. 3 Rotunda of St Felix and St Adauctus (Paweł Mazur) St Andrew’s Church (Paweł Mazur) Cross made from diadems (Parish of the Cathedral of St Stanislaus B.M. and St Wencelaus M., photo. Łukasz Michalak) The Benedictine Abbey in Tyniec (Paweł Krzan) Gold chalice and paten (Parish of the Cathedral of St Stanislaus B.M. and St Wencelaus M., photo. Łukasz Michalak) Lance of St Maurice (Wawel Royal Castle, photo. Dariusz Błażewski) St Leonard’s Crypt (Paweł Mazur) Plansza nr 4 / Board no. 4 Tomb of Ladislaus II Jagiełło (Parish of the Cathedral of St Stanislaus B.M. and St Wencelaus M., photo. Łukasz Michalak) Ruthenian Byzantine wall paintings in the Holy Cross Chapel (Parish of the Cathedral of St Stanislaus B.M. and St Wencelaus M., photo. Łukasz Michalak) Szczerbiec – the notched sword (Parish of the Cathedral of St Stanislaus B.M. and St Wencelaus M., photo. Łukasz Michalak) Marcin Marciniec, reliquary of St Stanislaus (Parish of the Cathedral of St Stanislaus B.M. and St Wencelaus M., photo. Łukasz Michalak) Dosso Dossi, Jupiter Painting Butterflies (Wawel Royal Castle, photo. Dariusz Błażewski) Wawel Hill (Paweł Krzan) Plansza nr 5 / Board no.
    [Show full text]
  • Metro Maps on Octilinear Grid Graphs
    Metro Maps on Octilinear Grid Graphs Hannah Bast 1, Patrick Brosi 1 and Sabine Storandt 2 1 University of Freiburg 2 University of Konstanz EuroVis 2020 - Norrköping, Sweden TubeMotivation map - Official London Tube Map 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Outside fare zones Outside Check before you travel Cheshunt Epping § East Ham Chesham Watford Junction fare zones No step-free access to the eastbound 9 Chalfont &8 7 8 7 6 5 Enfield Town 8 7 Theydon Bois Theobalds Grove 9 Latimer District line from Tuesday 23 July 2019 Watford High Street Bush Hill Debden Shenfield until early January 2020. Watford Cockfosters Amersham Park Turkey Street High Barnet Loughton --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A Chorleywood Bushey Oakwood A § Heathrow Croxley Totteridge & Whetstone Southbury Chingford Buckhurst Hill 6 TfL Rail customers should change at Rickmansworth Carpenders Park Southgate Brentwood Woodside Park Edmonton Green Terminals 2 & 3 for free rail transfer Moor Park Roding Grange to Terminal 5. Arnos Grove Valley Hill 5 Hatch End Mill Hill East West Finchley Silver Street --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Northwood Highams Park Edgware Harold Wood Stanmore Bounds Green Chigwell § Hounslow West West Ruislip Headstone Lane 4 White Hart Lane Northwood Hills Hainault Step-free access for manual Finchley Central Woodford Gidea Park Hillingdon Ruislip Harrow & Canons Park Burnt Oak Wood Green Bruce Grove Pinner Wealdstone wheelchairs only. Ruislip Manor Harringay Wood Street Fairlop Romford Green South South --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uxbridge Queensbury Colindale East Finchley Turnpike Lane Woodford Ickenham North Harrow Lanes Tottenham Eastcote Barkingside § Services or access at these stations are Crouch Snaresbrook Emerson Park Kenton Kingsbury Hendon Central Highgate Blackhorse subject to variation.
    [Show full text]
  • Application of Link Integrity Techniques from Hypermedia to the Semantic Web
    UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Department of Electronics and Computer Science A mini-thesis submitted for transfer from MPhil to PhD Supervisor: Prof. Wendy Hall and Dr Les Carr Examiner: Dr Nick Gibbins Application of Link Integrity techniques from Hypermedia to the Semantic Web by Rob Vesse February 10, 2011 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE A mini-thesis submitted for transfer from MPhil to PhD by Rob Vesse As the Web of Linked Data expands it will become increasingly important to preserve data and links such that the data remains available and usable. In this work I present a method for locating linked data to preserve which functions even when the URI the user wishes to preserve does not resolve (i.e. is broken/not RDF) and an application for monitoring and preserving the data. This work is based upon the principle of adapting ideas from hypermedia link integrity in order to apply them to the Semantic Web. Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Hypothesis . .2 1.2 Report Overview . .8 2 Literature Review 9 2.1 Problems in Link Integrity . .9 2.1.1 The `Dangling-Link' Problem . .9 2.1.2 The Editing Problem . 10 2.1.3 URI Identity & Meaning . 10 2.1.4 The Coreference Problem . 11 2.2 Hypermedia . 11 2.2.1 Early Hypermedia . 11 2.2.1.1 Halasz's 7 Issues . 12 2.2.2 Open Hypermedia . 14 2.2.2.1 Dexter Model . 14 2.2.3 The World Wide Web .
    [Show full text]
  • Pablo Picasso
    482. AUKTION Wertvolle Bücher Manuskripte · Autographen · Dekorative Graphik Auktion Montag, 27. Mai 2019 11:00 h Los 100 – 327 Wertvolle Bücher 14:30 h Los 328 – 492 Wertvolle Bücher 17:00 h Los 1 – 97 Wertvolle Bücher – Abendauktion Ketterer Kunst Hamburg Holstenwall 5 20355 Hamburg Anfahrt siehe Lageplan hinten Vorbesichtigung | Preview Hamburg Ketterer Kunst, Holstenwall 5, 20355 Hamburg Do. 16. Mai 11 – 17 Uhr Fr. 17. Mai 11 – 17 Uhr Mo. 20. Mai 11 – 17 Uhr Di. 21. Mai 11 – 17 Uhr Mi. 22. Mai 11 – 17 Uhr Do. 23. Mai 11 – 17 Uhr Fr. 24. Mai 11 – 17 Uhr So. 26. Mai für auswärtige Kunden nach telefonischer Vereinbarung Vorderumschlag Kat.nr. 12 - Terentius, Comoediae. Straßburg 1496. Vorderes Vorsatz (doppelblattgr.) Kat.nr. 84 – Asger Jorn, Fin de Copenhagen. Kopenhagen 1957. Frontispiz Kat.nr. 18 – Fierrabas, Eyn schöne kurtzweilige Histori. Simmern 1533. Vorletzte Seite Kat.nr. 61 – F. Nietzsche, Also sprach Zarathustra. Leipzig 1908. Dorfner-Einband. Hinteres Vorsatz (doppelblattgr.) Kat.nr. 23 – Claudius Ptolemaeus, Geographie. Straßburg 1513. Rückumschlag Kat.nr. 87 – Marc Chagall, Cirque. Paris 1967. © VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2019 INFORMATION Käufer Buyers Die vorliegende Auswahl ist Bestandteil der Buch auktion 482. Die voll- This selection is part of our Rare Book auction 482. Please find the works’ ständigen Katalogisierungen der Werke, insbesondere mit der jeweiligen complete catalog entries, along side condition reports and bibliographic Zustandsbe schrei bung und den bibliographischen Nachweisen, finden references, at the end. The complete owner list is contained in the main Sie hinten im Katalog. Die Besitzerliste aller Ob jekte der Auktion ist im catalog.
    [Show full text]
  • Lake Constance Sales Guide 2020/21
    english Bodensee! LAKE CONSTANCE SALES GUIDE 2020/21 Four countries. One lake. Trade compass. www.bodensee.eu Germany, Austria, Switzerland and the Principality of Liechtenstein Welcome to Lake Constance Region! Lake Constance is a classic year-round European destination. Today‘s holidaymakers are looking for just that. Boundless, refreshing, high quality, traditional, nostalgic – all that fits us. YOUR CONTACT FOR THE FOUR-COUNTRY REGION: Internationale Bodensee Tourismus GmbH Tourist Board of Lake Constance Hafenstrasse 6, 78462 Constance, Germany Phone +49 7531 909430 [email protected] www.lake-constance.com Publisher & Copyright: Internationale Bodensee Tourismus GmbH Subject to changes Design: hggraphikdesign Heidi Lehmann, Radolfzell Fotos: Internationale Bodensee Tourismus GmbH & their partners, Achim Mende Cover Photo: Zeppelin NT, Photograph: Michael Häfner (www.michael-haefner.com) All information for tour operators and travel agencies can be found at www.bodensee.eu/trade © Paul Aschenborn © Paul Switzerland in spring Principality of Liechtenstein in summer Germany in autumn Austria in winter 2 | Sales Guide Bodensee Lake Constance. In the heart of Europe. GERMANY SWITZERLAND AUSTRIA PRINCIPALITY OF LIECHTENSTEIN Sales Guide Bodensee | 3 Contents page Lake Constance Region and its Highlights ................................................................................................................................................ 8 General Information .........................................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Historic Organs of Southern Germany & Northern Switzerland
    Gallery Organ, Rot an der Rot, Germany an der Rot, Gallery Organ, Rot AND present Historic Organs of Southern Germany & Northern Switzerland April 28 - May 11, 2006 With American Public Media’s PIPEDREAMS® host J. Michael Barone www.americanpublicmedia.org www.pipedreams.org National broadcasts of Pipedreams are made possible with funding from the National Endowment of the Arts, Mr. and Mrs. Wesley C. Dudley, the MAHADH Fund of the HRK Foundation, by the contributions of listeners to American Public Media stations, and by the Associated Pipe Organ Builders of America, APOBA, representing designers and creators of fine instruments heard throughout the country, on the Web at www.apoba.com, and toll-free at 800-473-5270. See and hear on the Internet 24-7 at www.pipedreams.org i Dear Pipedreams Friends and Tour Colleagues, Welcome aboard for another adventure in the realm of the King of Instruments. I'm delighted to have you with us. Our itinerary is an intense one, with much to see and hear, and our schedule will not be totally relaxed. I hope you are up to the challenge, and know that the rewards will make it all worthwhile. I'd been in and around Munich during my very first visit to Europe back about1970, and even had a chance to play the old organ (since replaced) in Benediktbeuron. This was a revelation to a young student who had never before laid hands on an old keyboard, nor thought about how one must phrase and the tempos one must adopt when playing into a voluminous room with a lengthy acoustic decay.
    [Show full text]
  • Official Journal C 363
    ISSN 0378-6986 Official Journal C 363 Volume 43 of the European Communities 18 December 2000 English edition Information and Notices Notice No Contents Page I Information Commission 2000/C 363/01 List of credit institutions provided for in Articles 37) and 102) of Directive 77/780/ EEC Situation as at 31 December 1999) Ð Eighteenth version .................. 1 Price: EUR 59,50 EN 18.12.2000 EN Official Journal of the European Communities C 363/1 I Information) COMMISSION List of credit institutions provided for in Articles 37) and 10)2 of Directive 77/780/EEC 2000/C 363/01) Articles 37) and 102) of first Council Directive 77/780/EEC of Directive applies in its entirety. There is no doubt that this 12 December 1977 on the coordination of laws, regulations and Article applies to credit cooperatives belonging to the network administrative provisions relating to the taking-up and pursuit of of Rabobanken in the Netherlands and to the `caisses agricoles' in the business of credit institutions 1) require the Commission to Luxembourg although, in the latter case, application of the draw up and publisha list of all credit institutions authorised to Directive has anyway been deferred pursuant to Article 25) and do business in Member States. 6)). This is the 18th occasion on which the Commission has The present list was drawn up by the Commission on the basis of complied with the above requirement. The list published in the information supplied by the Member States. Unlike the registers Annex to this communication is based on the latest information of banks kept in some Member States, the list has no legal available.
    [Show full text]
  • 2015 Polish Heritage Festival
    Welcome to the 2015 POLISH HERITAGE FESTIVAL Twin Pines Park, Belmont May 30, 2015 11:00 am 6:00 pm www.polcafestival.com 2015 Featured Band: The Dixie Company from Poznań, Poland 2015 Featured City: Kraków The Trumpeter of Kraków playing the Hejnał Polish American Congress Northern California Division Festival Sponsor Celebrating & Sharing Our Polish Heritage The Polish American Congress State Division – Since 1944 Northern California Division (NCD) – Since 1968 The goals of Congress are to: Support Poland in times of need Preserve cultural heritage and ethnic identity Uphold the image of Polish-Americans Please join us! Keep Congress alive and successful! Success in meeting the challenges facing Polish-Americans today means staying active and working collaboratively. We must adapt to changing times and the aspirations of today’s Polish-Americans. We need YOU! Your presence is the key! Join the Polish-American Congress Northern California Division http://www.pacnorcal.org ________________________________________________________ FESTIVAL CO-SPONSORS The Polish Society of California/PNA Lodge 7 http://www.polishclubsf.org/PolishSocietyOfCalifornia.htm Founded by Polish California pioneers in 1863, the Society celebrated its 150th Anniversary in 2013. Since 1880 the Society has belonged to the Polish National Alliance as Lodge 7. The Polish National Alliance, popularly known as PNA or the Alliance, is the largest of all ethnically- based fraternal insurance benefit societies in this country. The Polish Club Inc., San Francisco http://www.PolishClubSF.org The Polish Club (Dom Polski) in San Francisco’s Mission District (3040 22nd Street) boasts three member societies, which held their first joint meeting in 1925. The mission of the Polish Club is to serve as a center for the propagation of Polish culture, art, language and community.
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Glacial Landscape
    Krakow. Anthropologies of Heritage [ENGLISH] (special supplement of “Tygodnik Powszechny” nr 28/2019) POST-GLACIAL LANDSCAPE KAZIMIERZ S. OŻÓG Monuments to the Pope are an interesting study in a lack of inhibition and in consent to the surfeit, trashiness, and mindlessness of repetitive forms that are produced carelessly and at a pace that is harmful to art. The Grunwald Monument and the Mickiewicz (Market Square) and Kościuszko (Wawel Castle) Monuments are a coherent lecture on the history of Poland and Kraków. / FOT. JAN GRACZYŃSKI / EASTNEWS Poles are fond of monuments. Marek Karwowski, one of the protagonists of the popular 1970s Polish TV series “Being Forty”, climbs onto a large rock on a plot of land which his father bought to build an American-style bungalow, and exclaims: “Mummy! I’m a monument!”. 1 Krakow. Anthropologies of Heritage [ENGLISH] (special supplement of “Tygodnik Powszechny” nr 28/2019) Monuments offer perfect compensation for our conscious or subconscious inferiority complex, for indecisive or not quite with it. They attest to our bravery, righteousness, piety, and integrity. At the same time, they claim both the minds of the people who view them and the space which they occupy. They constitute visible points that focus feelings and memories or indeed which create them, thus manipulating the viewer. Relatively easy to construct (after all, at its simplest, a monument can take the form of a memorial stone or metal plaque with engraved lettering), they are indispensable elements of great and small political struggles and electoral campaigns; they serve as witnesses to manifestos and declarations. Is Kraków a city of monuments? No more so than other major historical Polish cities.
    [Show full text]
  • Rediscovering Goethe's Concept of Polarity: a New Direction for Architectural Morphogenesis
    METUREDISCOVERING JFA 2020/1 GOETHE’S CONCEPT OF POLARITY DOI:METU 10.4305/METU.JFA.2020.1.5 JFA 2020/1 51 (37:1) 51-72 REDISCOVERING GOETHE’S CONCEPT OF POLARITY: A NEW DIRECTION FOR ARCHITECTURAL MORPHOGENESIS (1) Sabri GÖKMEN* Received: 26.02.2018; Final Text: 31.03.2020 INTRODUCTION Keywords: Goethe; morphogenesis; morphology; gothic; computation. In the recent past, architecture has undergone a rapid change in its theoretical and practical discourse with the advent of technology and the 1. This paper is a brief summary of a Ph.D. dissertation on Goethean morphology and introduction of emerging concepts from other domains, particularly natural architecture (Gokmen, 2017). sciences and biology. Digital technologies have primarily effected the way architects produced designs, by initially opening up a new repertoire of novel forms and later introducing algorithms and intelligent processes that provide dynamic behaviour and outputs. An emerging field in this domain is “architectural morphogenesis” that offers a bridge between natural and artificial processes combining performative, material and generative systems to develop computational perspectives towards design (Kolarevic, 2004; Leach, 2009; Menges, 2007). This new paradigm has shifted the use of computation in architecture from a merely modelling or visualization tool to the medium of processes or scripts that are capable of executing generative rules that produce emergent and self-organizing behaviour. To develop a theoretical background, these approaches have been supplemented with borrowed concepts from natural morphogenesis, particularly from cellular studies in biology to generate research on the formal analysis, classification, comparison and performance of various building types (Steadman, 2008; Roudavski, 2009; Hensel, 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • 402 Great Spires: Skyscrapers of the New Jerusalem Missing the Point? the Death and Afterlife of Great Spires 401
    402 Great Spires: Skyscrapers of the New Jerusalem Missing the Point? The Death and Afterlife of Great Spires 401 PART V: SPIRES IN THE POSTMEDIEVAL WORLD Chapter 11: Missing the Point? The Death and Afterlife of Great Spires The post-medieval history of great spires and their reception falls, roughly speaking, into four distinct phases, which might be termed demise, sublimation, revival, and contemplation. By the end of the sixteenth century, virtually all the great spire projects in Europe had ground to a halt, as the artistic, cultural, and religious practices of the Middle Ages gave way to those of the early modern era. Crucial factors in this transformation include the spread of Italianate Renaissance classicism, the related rise of royal and courtly patronage, and the shock of the Reformation and its aftermath. In the period from roughly 1530 to 1800, therefore, the Gothic style was almost entirely forsaken. Significantly, however, church spires retained a certain degree of popularity, especially in countries such as Holland, England, and Germany where churches remained important as monuments of local and communal identity. Spire designers working in this period faced the difficult task of marshaling the classical architectural vocabulary to create striving vertical forms appropriate to this originally Gothic monument type. The Gothic Revival movement of the nineteenth century naturally fostered closer engagement with Gothic traditions of spire design, as the completion of major medieval spire projects like those of Cologne and Ulm attests. The archaeological rigor of these initiatives, however, was not matched by consistent scholarly objectivity, since Romanticism and nationalism played important roles in shaping the nineteenth-century view of the Middle Ages.
    [Show full text]