Wealth and Treasure in the West, 4Th-7Th Century Max Martin
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Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service Ancient Gold of the Iceni
Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service Ancient gold of the Iceni found in Suffolk A morning’s metal detecting back in 2008 lead to the discovery of 840 Iron Age gold coins - the largest hoard of its type found in Britain in over 150 years. Now Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service has until the end of June to raise £300,000 to save this outstanding archaeological treasure for the nation and people of Suffolk. The coins were buried just over 2000 years ago by members of the Iceni tribe whose kingdom covered Norfolk, north Suffolk and parts of Cambridgeshire. The coins were buried about 40 years before queen Boudica led her famous revolt against the Romans. They offer an unparalleled glimpse into life on the eve of the Roman invasion and are part of the origins and long history of Suffolk communities. Whilst the museum gets down to the business of fundraising people will be able to have a sneak preview of 200 of the coins at Ipswich Museum from May 3 rd until June 10 th . The coins officially belong to the Crown until the museum has raised the money to buy them and they are on display with special permission from the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Caroline McDonald, Curator of archaeology at the museum is particularly excited at their arrival. ‘Suffolk earth has revealed some of the nations most outstanding treasure finds in recent decades. The Amazing Anglo-Saxon ship burial at Sutton Hoo in 1939, the stunning silver Roman dinner service found at Mildenhall during World War II and more recently the Hoxne hoard of Roman coins and artefacts found in the 1990s. -
Dynamics of Religious Ritual: Migration and Adaptation in Early Medieval Britain
Dynamics of Religious Ritual: Migration and Adaptation in Early Medieval Britain A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Brooke Elizabeth Creager IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Peter S. Wells August 2019 Brooke Elizabeth Creager 2019 © For my Mom, I could never have done this without you. And for my Grandfather, thank you for showing me the world and never letting me doubt I can do anything. Thank you. i Abstract: How do migrations impact religious practice? In early Anglo-Saxon England, the practice of post-Roman Christianity adapted after the Anglo-Saxon migration. The contemporary texts all agree that Christianity continued to be practiced into the fifth and sixth centuries but the archaeological record reflects a predominantly Anglo-Saxon culture. My research compiles the evidence for post-Roman Christian practice on the east coast of England from cemeteries and Roman churches to determine the extent of religious change after the migration. Using the case study of post-Roman religion, the themes religion, migration, and the role of the individual are used to determine how a minority religion is practiced during periods of change within a new culturally dominant society. ii Table of Contents Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………...ii List of Figures ……………………………………………………………………………iv Preface …………………………………………………………………………………….1 I. Religion 1. Archaeological Theory of Religion ...………………………………………………...3 II. Migration 2. Migration Theory and the Anglo-Saxon Migration ...……………………………….42 3. Continental Ritual Practice before the Migration, 100 BC – AD 400 ………………91 III. Southeastern England, before, during and after the Migration 4. Contemporary Accounts of Religion in the Fifth and Sixth Centuries……………..116 5. -
Pagan to Christian Slides As Printable Handout
23/08/2018 Transition From Pagan To Christian William Sterling Fragments of a Colossal Bronze Statue of Constantine, Rome Hinton St Mary Mosaic in the British Museum c. 1985 Bellerophon ↑ and Jesus ↓ Today there are statues and a Café in the same position “Although we speak of a religious crisis in the late Roman Empire, there is little, real sign that the transition from paganism to Edward Gibbon by Christianity was fundamentally Reynolds difficult.” Dr J P C Kent of the Museum’s Coins and Medals Department “The World of Late Antiquity” “Decorative art shows no clear division between paganism and “the pure and genuine influence of Christianity may be traced in its Christianity” beneficial, though imperfect, effects on the barbarian proselytes of the North. If the decline of the Roman empire was hastened by the K S Painter “Gold and Silver from conversion of Constantine, his victorious religion broke the violence of the Late Roman World Fourth-Fifth the fall, and mollified the ferocious temper of the conquerors.” Centuries.” 1 23/08/2018 “The new religion and new ecclesiastical practices were a steady focal point around which the new ideological currents and “The Christian culture that would social realignments revolved, as emerge in late antiquity carried Christianity gradually penetrated more of the genes of its “pagan” the various social strata before ancestry than of the peculiarly becoming the official religion of the Christian mutations.” state. At the same time, important aspects of the classical spirit and Wayne A Meeks “Social and ecclesial civilisation still survived to life of the earliest Christians” complete our picture of late antiquity.” Eutychia Kourkoutidou-Nicolaidou “From the Elysian Fields to the Christian paradise” “I don’t think there was ever anything wrong with the ancient world. -
Wikimedia with Liam Wyatt
Video Transcript 1 Liam Wyatt Wikimedia Lecture May 24, 2011 2:30 pm David Ferriero: Good afternoon. Thank you. I’m David Ferriero, I’m the Archivist of the United States and it is a great pleasure to welcome you to my house this afternoon. According to Alexa.com, the internet traffic ranking company, there are only six websites that internet users worldwide visit more often than Wikipedia: Google, Facebook, YouTube, Yahoo!, Blogger.com, and Baidu.com (the leading Chinese language search engine). In the States, it ranks sixth behind Amazon.com. Over the past few years, the National Archives has worked with many of these groups to make our holdings increasingly findable and accessible, our goal being to meet the people where they are. This past fall, we took the first step toward building a relationship with the “online encyclopedia that anyone can edit.” When we first began exploring the idea of a National Archives-Wikipedia relationship, Liam Wyatt was one of, was the one who pointed us in the right direction and put us in touch with the local DC-area Wikipedian community. Early in our correspondence, we were encouraged and inspired when Liam wrote that he could quote “quite confidently say that the potential for collaboration between NARA and the Wikimedia projects are both myriad and hugely valuable - in both directions.” I couldn’t agree more. Though many of us have been enthusiastic users of the Free Encyclopedia for years, this was our first foray into turning that enthusiasm into an ongoing relationship. As Kristen Albrittain and Jill James of the National Archives Social Media staff met with the DC Wikipedians, they explained the Archives’ commitment to the Open Government principles of transparency, participation, and collaboration and the ways in which projects like the Wikipedian in Residence could exemplify those values. -
Questions for Art of Medieval Spain
www.YoYoBrain.com - Accelerators for Memory and Learning Questions for Art of Medieval Spain Category: Default - (74 questions) Alabaster sculpture of Tanit/Astarte, nicknamed "Dama de Galera," Madrid, Museo Arqueológico, 7th c BCE -Phinecean object that found home in Iberian religious practices -Phineceans: eastern culture; experts in maritime travel; traded with Iberian locals; began settling in coastal cities around mouth of the mediterranean around 8th cen. BCE Sculpture of Askepios, from Empùries, 2 c BCE -Greek Empuries -from Sanctuary of Askepios (God of Medicine) Dama de Baza, 4th c. CE -reminiscent of ancient Greek Chios Kore -from native culture of Iberia: culturally receptive but politically resistant to invading groups; independent tribes) -rise of votive figure echo to the Phineceans Head of Augustus, early 1st c. CE -sculpture from Merida (sculptures from this area were among the finest on the peninsula) -Merida (aka Augusta Emerita) was a military settlement; founded by Augustus for retired soldiers; not founded on a pre-existing site which is different from ordinary Roman towns in Spain; became a politically important city Mérida, theater, inscr. 15-16 BC -attached to amphitheater; deliberate connection -attributed to Augustus -well preserved -partly reconstructed (scenae frons- elaborate, built later during Hadrian period) Tarragona (Tarraco), Arch of Bará, 2nd c CE -Tarragona was capital of Eastern Roman Spain (being on top of a hill, it was hard to attack and therefore a good place for a capital) -The arch is just outside -
University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting
THE MAN AND THE MYTH: HERACLIUS AND THE LEGEND OF THE LAST ROMAN EMPEROR By CHRISTOPHER BONURA A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2011 1 © 2011 Christopher Bonura 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank my adviser, Dr. Andrea Sterk, for all the help and support she has given me, not just for this thesis, but for her patience and guidance throughout my time as her student. I would never have made it to this point without her help. I would like to thank Dr. Florin Curta for introducing me to the study of medieval history, for being there for me with advice and encouragement. I would like to thank Dr. Bonnie Effros for all her help and support, and for letting me clutter the Center for the Humanities office with all my books. And I would like to thank Dr. Nina Caputo, who has always been generous with suggestions and useful input, and who has helped guide my research. My parents and brother also deserve thanks. In addition, I feel it is necessary to thank the Interlibrary loan office, for all I put them through in getting books for me. Finally, I would like to thank all my friends and colleagues in the history department, whose support and friendship made my time studying at the University of Florida bearable, and often even fun, especially Anna Lankina-Webb, Rebecca Devlin, Ralph Patrello, Alana Lord, Eleanor Deumens, Robert McEachnie, Sean Hill, Sean Platzer, Bryan Behl, Andrew Welton, and Miller Krause. -
Medieval Mediterranean Influence in the Treasury of San Marco Claire
Circular Inspirations: Medieval Mediterranean Influence in the Treasury of San Marco Claire Rasmussen Thesis Submitted to the Department of Art For the Degree of Bachelor of Arts 2019 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER I. Introduction………………………...………………………………………….3 II. Myths……………………………………………………………………….....9 a. Historical Myths…………………………………………………………...9 b. Treasury Myths…………………………………………………………..28 III. Mediums and Materials………………………………………………………34 IV. Mergings……………………………………………………………………..38 a. Shared Taste……………………………………………………………...40 i. Global Networks…………………………………………………40 ii. Byzantine Influence……………………………………………...55 b. Unique Taste……………………………………………………………..60 V. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………...68 VI. Appendix………………………………………………………………….….73 VII. List of Figures………………………………………………………………..93 VIII. Works Cited…………………………………………………...……………104 3 I. Introduction In the Treasury of San Marco, there is an object of three parts (Figure 1). Its largest section piece of transparent crystal, carved into the shape of a grotto. Inside this temple is a metal figurine of Mary, her hands outstretched. At the bottom, the crystal grotto is fixed to a Byzantine crown decorated with enamels. Each part originated from a dramatically different time and place. The crystal was either carved in Imperial Rome prior to the fourth century or in 9th or 10th century Cairo at the time of the Fatimid dynasty. The figure of Mary is from thirteenth century Venice, and the votive crown is Byzantine, made by craftsmen in the 8th or 9th century. The object resembles a Frankenstein’s monster of a sculpture, an amalgamation of pieces fused together that were meant to used apart. But to call it a Frankenstein would be to suggest that the object’s parts are wildly mismatched and clumsily sewn together, and is to dismiss the beauty of the crystal grotto, for each of its individual components is finely made: the crystal is intricately carved, the figure of Mary elegant, and the crown vivid and colorful. -
Prehistoric Britain
Prehistoric Britain Plated disc brooch Kent, England Late 6th or early 7th century AD Bronze boars from the Hounslow Hoard 1st century BC-1st century AD Hounslow, Middlesex, England Visit resource for teachers Key Stage 2 Prehistoric Britain Contents Before your visit Background information Resources Gallery information Preliminary activities During your visit Gallery activities: introduction for teachers Gallery activities: briefings for adult helpers Gallery activity: Neolithic mystery objects Gallery activity: Looking good in the Neolithic Gallery activity: Neolithic farmers Gallery activity: Bronze Age pot Gallery activity: Iron Age design Gallery activity: An Iron Age hoard After your visit Follow-up activities Prehistoric Britain Before your visit Prehistoric Britain Before your visit Background information Prehistoric Britain Archaeologists and historians use the term ‘Prehistory’ to refer to a time in a people’s history before they used a written language. In Britain the term Prehistory refers to the period before Britain became part of the Roman empire in AD 43. The prehistoric period in Britain lasted for hundreds of thousands of years and this long period of time is usually divided into: Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic (sometimes these three periods are combined and called the Stone Age), Bronze Age and Iron Age. Each of these periods might also be sub-divided into early, middle and late. The Palaeolithic is often divided into lower, middle and upper. Early Britain British Isles: Humans probably first arrived in Britain around 800,000 BC. These early inhabitants had to cope with extreme environmental changes and they left Britain at least seven times when conditions became too bad. -
Staffordshire Anglo-Saxon Hoard
Contextualising Metal-Detected Discoveries: Staffordshire Anglo-Saxon Hoard (Project 5892) Revised Project Design Version 3 Submitted 18th July 2013 H.E.M. Cool Barbican Research Associates (Company no. 3929951; VAT registration 747960390) Document Control Grid Title: Contextualising Metal-Detected Discoveries: Staffordshire Anglo-Saxon Hoard Author: H.E.M. Cool. Start Date: 18th July, 2013 Contributors: Team members as per section 15 and Programme Co-ordinator. History: Developed from Draft second revision Project Design (June 2013), to incorporate the extended work on the materials analysis (Variation 3). Version number: 6 Status: Final Summary of changes: See Preface April 2013, June 2013 and July 2013 following the preliminaries. Circulation: English Heritage, HMG and Programme Co-ordinator Required Action: none File name: Staffordshire/Admin/Revised PD July 2013 Approval: H.E.M. Cool on behalf of Barbican Research Associates Ltd. 18: 06:2013 Contact details: 16 Lady Bay Road, West Bridgford NOTTINGHAM NG2 5BJ Tel: 0115 9819 065 Mobile: 00 44 7980 898962 [email protected] Contents Preface iv Preface April 2013 v Preface June 2013 v Preface July 2013 vi 1 Project Name 1 2 Summary Description 1 3 Background 3.1 Introduction 1 3.2 Organisation of this document 3 4 Assessment 4.1 Introduction 3 4.2 The Assessment tasks 6 4.3 Checking the records 7 4.4 Database and secure website planning 8 4.5 Aerial photography and fieldwork assessment 10 4.6 Background information on the area 14 5 The Hoard 5.1 Introduction 15 5.2 The contents -
Presidential Address 2012 Hoarding in Britain: an Overview
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS 2012 HOARDING IN BRITAIN: AN OVERVIEW ROGER BLAND Introduction: what is a hoard? IN this paper I discuss some aspects of the study of hoards found in Britain. There is a very rich heritage of hoards of coins (and other metal artefacts), and their study underpins our understanding of how coins circulated in this country. Much has been written on what hoards can tell us about coinage, or, for example, Bronze Age metalwork and there have been many studies of hoards of different periods, but there have been few attempts at an overview of hoarding across time.1 I shall raise some questions about hoarding in general to see whether one can make connections across periods. In the summer of 2013 the British Museum and University of Leicester initiated a research project, with funding from the Arts and Humanities Research Council, on ‘Crisis or continuity? The deposition of metalwork in the Roman world: what do coin hoards tell us about Roman Britain in the third century AD?’ Three research assistants will be employed and a complete data- base of all Roman hoards from Britain will be published online at www.finds.org.uk. The project will also include a survey of a large sample of hoards to try to understand better why they were buried. In this paper I introduce some of the themes we intend to explore further in this project. First, we need to consider what is meant by the term ‘hoard’. I will look at hoarding and the deposition of artefacts in the ground in the broadest sense and by ‘hoard’ I mean any group of objects which have been deliberately brought together, but not necessarily deliberately placed in the ground – so the contents of a purse lost by accident would also count. -
Diocesis Hispaniarum (3Rd-5Th Century)
003 ROMA_english_Maquetación 1 21/02/14 11:33 Página 64 003 ROMA_english_Maquetación 1 21/02/14 11:33 Página 65 From Late Antiquity to Middle Age 004 MEDIEVAL_english_Maquetación 1 21/02/14 11:42 Página 66 Diocesis Hispaniarum (3rd-5th Century) The third century was a period of political and economic instability for the Roman Empire, which culminated with the reign of Diocletian. Under his rule, Hispania was divided into five provinces which together formed the Diocesis Hispaniarum. The fourth century brought a revival of economic prosperity, especially during the reign of the Hispano-Roman emperor Theo- dosius. The growing importance of the rural villas, the new residences of the Hispano-Roman aristocracy, would mark the course of the fourth and fifth centuries. In 380 Theodosius declared Christianity the empire’s official religion, crea- 66 ting a new ideological instrument of power with far-reaching political, ad- ministrative and social consequences. The origins of Christianity in Hispania are heterogeneous, with influences pouring in from North Africa, Rome and other places where important communities had existed since the third cen- tury. Everyday objects like the ones in the display case incorporated Christian symbols such as the Chi-Rho. The exhibition also features sarcophagi with relief decoration, a mosaic memorial plaque and gravestone inscriptions in memory of the dead. Reccesvinth’s crown (The Guarrazar Hoard) > 004 MEDIEVAL_english_Maquetación 1 21/02/14 11:42 Página 67 004 MEDIEVAL_english_Maquetación 1 21/02/14 11:42 Página 68 The Visigothic Kingdom of Toledo (6th-8th Century) After being defeated by the Franks at the Battle of Vouillé (507), the Visi- goths consolidated their power on the Iberian Peninsula and established To- ledo as their capital. -
The Transition from Roman to Anglo-Saxon Coinage
Available online at http://britnumsoc.org/publications/Digital%20BNJ/2010.shtml ANGLO-SAXON GOLD COINAGE. PART 1: THE TRANSITION FROM ROMAN TO ANGLO-SAXON COINAGE GARETH WILLIAMS Introduction BETWEEN around AD 600 and 675 a substantive Anglo-Saxon gold coinage developed, although the fact that most of the coins are anonymous issues means that these dates can not be regarded as precise. This gradually became debased across the period until the levels of gold in the coin- age became so low that numismatists recognise a transition from ‘gold’ to ‘silver’ coinage. Gold coins reappear alongside silver from the late eighth century to the eleventh, but these are extremely rare, with only eight certain surviving examples, together with some anonymous imitative issues which may also be of Anglo-Saxon manufacture. These later gold coins seem to have fulfi lled a slightly different function from the coins of the main gold period, and are the subject of a recent major study by Mark Blackburn.1 Nevertheless, with so few defi nite later Anglo-Saxon gold coins, it seems worthwhile to include them together with the earlier gold coinage, if only to consider how their design and use differed from that earlier phase. Although an extensive literature already exists on many aspects, a combination of recent developments have made it possible to reconsider the subject in some detail. This is the result partly of the opportunity to revisit the question of the gold content of the Anglo-Saxon gold coinage, which has formed the basis for much of the previous discussion of the chronology of the coinage; partly of a desire to take account of a steadily growing body of fi nds evidence; partly of a growing body of research into coin use and monetisation in the Viking Age which appears to have some resonance for the early Anglo-Saxon period; and fi nally of the fact that the last few years have seen a lively discussion on the nature of coin use and precious metal economies in the fi fth and sixth centuries.