Outline —Discussion Class 2
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The German Civil Code
TUE A ERICANI LAW REGISTER FOUNDED 1852. UNIERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPART=ENT OF LAW VOL. {4 0 - S'I DECEMBER, 1902. No. 12. THE GERMAN CIVIL CODE. (Das Biirgerliche Gesetzbuch.) SOURCES-PREPARATION-ADOPTION. The magnitude of an attempt to codify the German civil. laws can be adequately appreciated only by remembering that for more than fifteefn centuries central Europe was the world's arena for startling political changes radically involv- ing territorial boundaries and of necessity affecting private as well as public law. With no thought of presenting new data, but that the reader may properly marshall events for an accurate compre- hension of the irregular development of the law into the modem and concrete results, it is necessary to call attention to some of the political- and social factors which have been potent and conspicuous since the eighth century. Notwithstanding the boast of Charles the Great that he was both master of Europe and the chosen pr6pagandist of Christianity and despite his efforts in urging general accept- ance of the Roman law, which the Latinized Celts of the western and southern parts of his titular domain had orig- THE GERM AN CIVIL CODE. inally been forced to receive and later had willingly retained, upon none of those three points did the facts sustain his van- ity. He was constrained to recognize that beyond the Rhine there were great tribes, anciently nomadic, but for some cen- turies become agricultural when not engaged in their normal and chief occupation, war, who were by no means under his control. His missii or special commissioners to those people were not well received and his laws were not much respected. -
Complete Dissertation
University of Groningen The growth of an Austrasian identity Stegeman, Hans IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2014 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Stegeman, H. (2014). The growth of an Austrasian identity: Processes of identification and legend construction in the Northeast of the Regnum Francorum, 600-800. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne- amendment. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 02-10-2021 The growth of an Austrasian identity Processes of identification and legend construction in the Northeast of the Regnum Francorum, 600-800 Proefschrift ter verkrijging van het doctoraat aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen op gezag van de rector magnificus dr. -
Questions for Art of Medieval Spain
www.YoYoBrain.com - Accelerators for Memory and Learning Questions for Art of Medieval Spain Category: Default - (74 questions) Alabaster sculpture of Tanit/Astarte, nicknamed "Dama de Galera," Madrid, Museo Arqueológico, 7th c BCE -Phinecean object that found home in Iberian religious practices -Phineceans: eastern culture; experts in maritime travel; traded with Iberian locals; began settling in coastal cities around mouth of the mediterranean around 8th cen. BCE Sculpture of Askepios, from Empùries, 2 c BCE -Greek Empuries -from Sanctuary of Askepios (God of Medicine) Dama de Baza, 4th c. CE -reminiscent of ancient Greek Chios Kore -from native culture of Iberia: culturally receptive but politically resistant to invading groups; independent tribes) -rise of votive figure echo to the Phineceans Head of Augustus, early 1st c. CE -sculpture from Merida (sculptures from this area were among the finest on the peninsula) -Merida (aka Augusta Emerita) was a military settlement; founded by Augustus for retired soldiers; not founded on a pre-existing site which is different from ordinary Roman towns in Spain; became a politically important city Mérida, theater, inscr. 15-16 BC -attached to amphitheater; deliberate connection -attributed to Augustus -well preserved -partly reconstructed (scenae frons- elaborate, built later during Hadrian period) Tarragona (Tarraco), Arch of Bará, 2nd c CE -Tarragona was capital of Eastern Roman Spain (being on top of a hill, it was hard to attack and therefore a good place for a capital) -The arch is just outside -
Perjury and False Witness in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages
Perjury and False Witness in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages by Nicholas Brett Sivulka Wheeler A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Centre for Medieval Studies University of Toronto © Copyright by Nicholas Brett Sivulka Wheeler 2018 Perjury and False Witness in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages Nicholas Brett Sivulka Wheeler Doctor of Philosophy Centre for Medieval Studies University of Toronto 2018 Abstract This dissertation, ‘Perjury and False Witness in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages’, investigates changing perceptions of perjury and false witness in the late antique and early medieval world. Focusing on primary sources from the Latin-speaking, western Roman empire and former empire, approximately between the late third and seventh centuries CE, this thesis proposes that perjury and false witness were transformed into criminal behaviours, grave sins, and canonical offences in Latin legal and religious writings of the period. Chapter 1, ‘Introduction: The Problem of Perjury’s Criminalization’, calls attention to anomalies in the history and historiography of the oath. Although the oath has been well studied, oath violations have not; moreover, important sources for medieval culture – Roman law and the Christian New Testament – were largely silent on the subject of perjury. For classicists in particular, perjury was not a crime, while oath violations remained largely peripheral to early Christian ethical discussions. Chapter 2, ‘Criminalization: Perjury and False Witness in Late Roman Law’, begins to explain how this situation changed by documenting early possible instances of penalization for perjury. Diverse sources such as Christian martyr acts, provincial law manuals, and select imperial ii and post-imperial legislation suggest that numerous cases of perjury were criminalized in practice. -
Guido M. Berndt the Armament of Lombard Warriors in Italy. Some Historical and Archaeological Approaches
The Armament of Lombard Warriors in Italy 299 Guido M. Berndt The Armament of Lombard Warriors in Italy. Some Historical and Archaeological Approaches Early medieval Europe has often been branded as they have entered upon the sacred soil of Italy, a violent dark age, in which fierce warlords, war- speaks of mere savage delight in bloodshed and riors and warrior-kings played a dominant role in the rudest forms of sensual indulgence; they are the political structuring of societies. Indeed, one the anarchists of the Völkerwanderung, whose de- quite familiar picture is of the early Middle Ages as light is only in destruction, and who seem inca- a period in which armed conflicts and military life pable of culture”.5 This statement was but one in were so much a part of political and cultural devel- a long-lasting debate concerning one particular opment, as well as daily life, that a broad account question that haunted (mainly) Italian historians of the period is to large extent a description of how and antiquarians especially in the nineteenth cen- men went to war.1 Even in phases of peace, the tury – although it had its roots in the fifteenth conduct of warrior-elites set many of the societal century – regarding the role that the Lombards standards. Those who held power in society typi- played in the history of the Italian nation.6 Simply cally carried weapons and had a strong inclination put, the question was whether the Lombards could to settle disputes by violence, creating a martial at- have contributed anything positive to the history mosphere to everyday life in their realms. -
Julian of Toledo's Historia Wambae
Wolfram Drews The Imageofthe Christian Ruler in the Catholic Monarchy of Visigothic Spain: Julian of Toledo’s Historia Wambae King Wamba(672– 680) was arguably the last strong ruler of Visigothic Spainable to assert royal power against aristocratic factions and ecclesiastical authorities alike. He is famous in medievalhistory first and foremost for the ecclesiastical inaugura- tion ritual at the beginning of his reign, which involved the first attested royal unc- tion in medieval Europe. The description of Wamba’sroyal inauguration comes from bishop Julian of Toledo, who was later involved in Wamba’sdeposition. In his Histor- ia Wambae,hedescribes Wamba as an exemplary Christian ruler,aprinceps religio- sus,imbued with Christian virtues. He contrasts the ideal figureusing the usurper Paul as an example of abad, un-Christian ruler,depicted as atyrant supported by hostileforces from the outside. The Historia Wambae mayhavebeen written after Wamba’sdeposition, reflectingpolitical interests of aristocratic elites duringthe reign of his second successor,king Egica.The literary figure of Wambaiscompletely different from the historical Wamba. Julian of Toledo aptlyconstructs the imageofan ideal Christian ruler,following literary models from the Roman past,such as Sallust, and the Old Testament.Christian kingship appears as afusion of both Roman and biblical traditions but geared to the conditions of late Visigothic Spain and, in par- ticular,toits leadingecclesiastical circles,which interestingly had been in opposition to the historical Wamba. -
University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting
THE MAN AND THE MYTH: HERACLIUS AND THE LEGEND OF THE LAST ROMAN EMPEROR By CHRISTOPHER BONURA A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2011 1 © 2011 Christopher Bonura 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank my adviser, Dr. Andrea Sterk, for all the help and support she has given me, not just for this thesis, but for her patience and guidance throughout my time as her student. I would never have made it to this point without her help. I would like to thank Dr. Florin Curta for introducing me to the study of medieval history, for being there for me with advice and encouragement. I would like to thank Dr. Bonnie Effros for all her help and support, and for letting me clutter the Center for the Humanities office with all my books. And I would like to thank Dr. Nina Caputo, who has always been generous with suggestions and useful input, and who has helped guide my research. My parents and brother also deserve thanks. In addition, I feel it is necessary to thank the Interlibrary loan office, for all I put them through in getting books for me. Finally, I would like to thank all my friends and colleagues in the history department, whose support and friendship made my time studying at the University of Florida bearable, and often even fun, especially Anna Lankina-Webb, Rebecca Devlin, Ralph Patrello, Alana Lord, Eleanor Deumens, Robert McEachnie, Sean Hill, Sean Platzer, Bryan Behl, Andrew Welton, and Miller Krause. -
Medieval Mediterranean Influence in the Treasury of San Marco Claire
Circular Inspirations: Medieval Mediterranean Influence in the Treasury of San Marco Claire Rasmussen Thesis Submitted to the Department of Art For the Degree of Bachelor of Arts 2019 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER I. Introduction………………………...………………………………………….3 II. Myths……………………………………………………………………….....9 a. Historical Myths…………………………………………………………...9 b. Treasury Myths…………………………………………………………..28 III. Mediums and Materials………………………………………………………34 IV. Mergings……………………………………………………………………..38 a. Shared Taste……………………………………………………………...40 i. Global Networks…………………………………………………40 ii. Byzantine Influence……………………………………………...55 b. Unique Taste……………………………………………………………..60 V. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………...68 VI. Appendix………………………………………………………………….….73 VII. List of Figures………………………………………………………………..93 VIII. Works Cited…………………………………………………...……………104 3 I. Introduction In the Treasury of San Marco, there is an object of three parts (Figure 1). Its largest section piece of transparent crystal, carved into the shape of a grotto. Inside this temple is a metal figurine of Mary, her hands outstretched. At the bottom, the crystal grotto is fixed to a Byzantine crown decorated with enamels. Each part originated from a dramatically different time and place. The crystal was either carved in Imperial Rome prior to the fourth century or in 9th or 10th century Cairo at the time of the Fatimid dynasty. The figure of Mary is from thirteenth century Venice, and the votive crown is Byzantine, made by craftsmen in the 8th or 9th century. The object resembles a Frankenstein’s monster of a sculpture, an amalgamation of pieces fused together that were meant to used apart. But to call it a Frankenstein would be to suggest that the object’s parts are wildly mismatched and clumsily sewn together, and is to dismiss the beauty of the crystal grotto, for each of its individual components is finely made: the crystal is intricately carved, the figure of Mary elegant, and the crown vivid and colorful. -
The History of the Franks Free
FREE THE HISTORY OF THE FRANKS PDF Bishop of Tours Saint Gregory,Lewis Thorpe | 720 pages | 01 Apr 1983 | Penguin Books Ltd | 9780140442953 | English | London, United Kingdom Gregory of Tours - Wikipedia Gregory of Tours 30 November c. He was born Georgius Florentius and later added the name Gregorius in honour of his maternal great- grandfather. His most notable work was his Decem Libri Historiarum Ten Books of Historiesbetter known as the Historia Francorum History of the Franksa title that later chroniclers gave to it, but he is The History of the Franks known for his accounts of the miracles of saints, especially four books of the miracles of Martin of Tours. Martin's tomb was a major pilgrimage destination in the 6th century, and St. Gregory's writings had the practical effect of promoting this highly organized devotion. Gregory was The History of the Franks in Clermontin the Auvergne region of central Gaul. Gregory had several noted bishops and saints as close relatives his family effectively monopolised the Bishoprics of Tours, Lyons, and Langres at the time of his birthand, according to Gregory, he was connected to thirteen of the eighteen bishops of Tours preceding him by ties of kinship. Gregory's paternal grandmother, Leocadia, descended from Vettius Epagatus, the illustrious martyr of Lyons. His father evidently died while Gregory was young and his widowed mother moved to Burgundy where she had property. Gregory went to live with his paternal uncle St. Gallus, Bishop of Clermontunder whom, and his successor St. Avitus, Gregory had his education. Gregory also received the clerical tonsure from Gallus. -
Volkerwanderung.Pdf
Vo The Migration Period, also called the Barbarian Invasions or German: Völkerwanderung (wandering of the peoples), was a period of human migration that occurred roughly between 300 to 700AD in Europe, marking the transition from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages. These movements were catalysed by profound changes within both the Roman Empire and the so-called lkerwanderung 'barbarian frontier'. Migrating peoples during this period included the Huns, Goths, Vandals, Bulgars, Alans, Suevi, Frisians and Franks, among other Germanic and Slavic tribes. The migration movement may be divided into two phases: The first phase, between 300 and 500AD, put Germanic peoples in control of most areas of the former Western Roman Empire. The first to formally enter Roman territory — as refugees from the Huns — were the Visigoths in 376. Tolerated by the Romans on condition that they defend the Danube frontier, they rebelled, eventually invading Italy and sacking Rome itself in 410AD, before settling in Iberia and founding a kingdom there that endured 300 years. They were followed into Roman territory by the Ostrogoths led by Theodoric the Great, who settled in Italy itself. In Gaul, the Franks, a fusion of western Germanic tribes whose leaders had been strongly aligned with Rome, entered Roman lands more gradually and peacefully during the 5th century, and were generally accepted as rulers by the Romano-Gallic population. Fending off challenges from the Allamanni, Burgundians and Visigoths, the Frankish kingdom became the nucleus of the future states of France and Germany. Meanwhile, Roman Britain was more slowly invaded and settled by Angles and Saxons. -
Diocesis Hispaniarum (3Rd-5Th Century)
003 ROMA_english_Maquetación 1 21/02/14 11:33 Página 64 003 ROMA_english_Maquetación 1 21/02/14 11:33 Página 65 From Late Antiquity to Middle Age 004 MEDIEVAL_english_Maquetación 1 21/02/14 11:42 Página 66 Diocesis Hispaniarum (3rd-5th Century) The third century was a period of political and economic instability for the Roman Empire, which culminated with the reign of Diocletian. Under his rule, Hispania was divided into five provinces which together formed the Diocesis Hispaniarum. The fourth century brought a revival of economic prosperity, especially during the reign of the Hispano-Roman emperor Theo- dosius. The growing importance of the rural villas, the new residences of the Hispano-Roman aristocracy, would mark the course of the fourth and fifth centuries. In 380 Theodosius declared Christianity the empire’s official religion, crea- 66 ting a new ideological instrument of power with far-reaching political, ad- ministrative and social consequences. The origins of Christianity in Hispania are heterogeneous, with influences pouring in from North Africa, Rome and other places where important communities had existed since the third cen- tury. Everyday objects like the ones in the display case incorporated Christian symbols such as the Chi-Rho. The exhibition also features sarcophagi with relief decoration, a mosaic memorial plaque and gravestone inscriptions in memory of the dead. Reccesvinth’s crown (The Guarrazar Hoard) > 004 MEDIEVAL_english_Maquetación 1 21/02/14 11:42 Página 67 004 MEDIEVAL_english_Maquetación 1 21/02/14 11:42 Página 68 The Visigothic Kingdom of Toledo (6th-8th Century) After being defeated by the Franks at the Battle of Vouillé (507), the Visi- goths consolidated their power on the Iberian Peninsula and established To- ledo as their capital. -
Professor Bemard S. Bachrach Bernard S
Professor Bemard S. Bachrach Bernard S. Bachrach Arlnies and Politics in the Early Medieval West VARIORUM WAS THE MARCHFIELD PART OF THE FRANKISH CONSTITUTION? OR many medievalists it is alrnost axiomatic that the Franks of the F Merovingian era were a nation of infantrymen who, disdaining Iior- semanship, could begin campaigns early in the spring before there was sufficient grass for fodder. It is also traditionally held that the armies of Clovis and his descendants gathered on the first day of March each year at a Camp Mar&iw or Marchfield for the purpose of beginning the regular season of military campaigning. Further, scholars have main- tained that King Peppin I moved the muster from March to May so that the newly-created Carolingian cavalry would have enough fodder for its horses.' The traditional picture of the Merovingian army as a horde ,of half-naked axe-throwing infantrymen has recently been shown to be a myth which has flourished because scholars have ignored most of die available evidence and put excessive faith in the remarks of two Byzan- tine writers who were poorly informed.' Freed from previous views of 1 Heinrich Brunner. 'Dcr Rcitcrdicnst und die Anfingt des Lchnwcsens," ZriLrdn/L dn Savigqp-Stifiuna fir Rrc~whuh~.Gmniiiiuhc AbLluilmg. 8 (1887), 1-38; Cliristian Pfister, 'Gaul undcr thc Mcroviwian Franks: lnsti~urions,"Combndgr Mcdur*11 Ilirfoty,p (Camb"dgc.igrg). 135; C. L. Burr. 'The Carlovingian Rcvdution. and Frantish lntcrvcntion in luly:' C,IflI, X. 581; arid Ccrhard Sccligcr. 'tcgidatim and Administration ofCharles thc Crcat," CMIi. X, 669. For nurc rcccnt works, sce R.