DOCSLIB.ORG

University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting THE MAN AND THE MYTH: HERACLIUS AND THE LEGEND OF THE LAST ROMAN EMPEROR By CHRISTOPHER BONURA A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2011 1 © 2011 Christopher Bonura 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank my adviser, Dr. Andrea Sterk, for all the help and support she has given me, not just for this thesis, but for her patience and guidance throughout my time as her student. I would never have made it to this point without her help. I would like to thank Dr. Florin Curta for introducing me to the study of medieval history, for being there for me with advice and encouragement. I would like to thank Dr. Bonnie Effros for all her help and support, and for letting me clutter the Center for the Humanities office with all my books. And I would like to thank Dr. Nina Caputo, who has always been generous with suggestions and useful input, and who has helped guide my research. My parents and brother also deserve thanks. In addition, I feel it is necessary to thank the Interlibrary loan office, for all I put them through in getting books for me. Finally, I would like to thank all my friends and colleagues in the history department, whose support and friendship made my time studying at the University of Florida bearable, and often even fun, especially Anna Lankina-Webb, Rebecca Devlin, Ralph Patrello, Alana Lord, Eleanor Deumens, Robert McEachnie, Sean Hill, Sean Platzer, Bryan Behl, Andrew Welton, and Miller Krause. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. 3 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... 6 ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION: THE ESCHATOLOGICAL EMPEROR ........................................ 9 2 HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE LAST EMPEROR LEGEND ..................................... 18 The Tiburtine Sibyl .................................................................................................. 24 The Latin and Greek Sibyls ..................................................................................... 28 The Problem ........................................................................................................... 34 3 THE ORIGIN OF THE LEGEND ............................................................................. 39 Vocabulary .............................................................................................................. 40 The Name Constans ............................................................................................... 42 The Diadem ............................................................................................................ 43 Place of Deposition ................................................................................................. 48 Length of Rule ........................................................................................................ 49 Different Development ............................................................................................ 51 The Double Rise of the Antichrist ........................................................................... 54 Gog and Magog ...................................................................................................... 55 The Psalm ............................................................................................................... 60 Solutions ................................................................................................................. 63 4 THE CROSS, THE CROWN, AND THE CONCEPT OF IDEAL CHRISTIAN KINGSHIP ............................................................................................................... 68 Unraveling the Revelations of Pseudo-Methodius .................................................. 68 The Man and the Myth Reconsidered ..................................................................... 74 The All-Conquering Cross ....................................................................................... 76 Building a Christian Consensus .............................................................................. 80 Heraclius and the Alexander Legend ...................................................................... 82 Solutions ................................................................................................................. 90 5 CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................................... 92 4 APPENDIX A THE TEXTUAL TRADITION OF THE LATIN TIBURTINE SIBYL ......................... 102 B THE LAST ROMAN EMPEROR PROPHECY IN THE LATIN TRANSLATION OF PSEUDO-METHODIUS AND IN THE FOUR VERSIONS OF THE TIBURTINE SIBYL ................................................................................................ 106 C TRANSLATION OF THE END OF SACKUR‟S TIBURTINE SIBYL AND PSEUDO-METHODIUS ........................................................................................ 110 D TIMELINE ............................................................................................................. 113 LIST OF REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 114 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .......................................................................................... 127 5 LIST OF FIGURES Figure page 1 Paul Alexander‟s hypothetical schema for the textual history of the Tiburtine Sibyl ................................................................................................................. 102 2 Robert Konrad‟s schema for the textual tradition of the Last Roman Emperor Prophecy .......................................................................................................... 103 3 My schema illustrating Bernard McGinn‟s theory of the textual tradition of the Tiburtine ........................................................................................................... 104 4 Holdenried‟s attempt at synthesizing Sackur, Alexander, and McGinn‟s theories on the textual history of the Tiburtine Sibyl. ........................................ 105 6 Abstract of Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts THE MAN AND THE MYTH: HERACLIUS AND THE LEGEND OF THE LAST ROMAN EMPEROR By Christopher Bonura December 2011 Chair: Andrea Sterk Major: History The legend of the Last Roman Emperor is one of the most persistent themes in Medieval European apocalypticism. And yet its origin remains uncertain. In the late nineteenth century Ernst Sackur, while editing an eleventh-century sibylline oracle that contained this legend, proposed an original fourth-century source. Paul Alexander, perhaps the twentieth century‟s foremost expert on Byzantine eschatology, dated the legend to the time of Theodosius I, until later changing his mind. Recent scholars place the date of the legend later, to around the time of Roman Emperor Heraclius (r. 610-641 AD). And yet, Heraclius‟ triumphal entry into Jerusalem with the True Cross bore striking resemblance to the actions attributed to the mythical Last Roman Emperor. Thus the question of the date of the Legend of the Last Roman Emperor is crucial in understanding the return of the True Cross to Jerusalem by Heraclius, one of the most significant events in early Byzantine history. It has not been clear whether Heraclius was inspired by, or inspired, the apocalyptic legend of the Last Emperor. The first securely datable text to mention the Last Roman Emperor is the Syriac Apocaylpse of Pseudo-Methodius, which dates from just after Heraclius‟ reign. But is it possible that Pseudo-Methodius drew on an earlier source, one that, as Sackur believed, also 7 inspired the post-Ottonian Tiburtine Sibyls? By exploring these eleventh-century western sources, and comparing them to Eastern apocalyptic literature, this thesis will explore the influence and interaction of the historical Roman Emperor Heraclius with the legendary story of the Last Roman Emperor. 8 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION: THE ESCHATOLOGICAL EMPEROR On March 21 in the year 630, the Emperor Heraclius made his way through the city of Jerusalem, clasping in his arms a silver box containing perhaps the most revered relics in Christendom.1 The first, and ultimately the last, Christian Roman Emperor to enter that holiest of cities, Heraclius‟ adventus was a scene imbued with enormous symbolic meaning.2 The box he carried contained the relic of the True Cross, which had been carried away from the city sixteen years before during its sack by the Persian army of Khusro II, when “the new Nebuchadnezzar captured Jerusalem and carried away the Ark of the New Covenant, after razing the city with fire.”3 As Heraclius entered the Martyrion basilica, originally built by Constantine on the site of the discovery of the True Cross, “there was the sound of weeping and wailing; the tears flowed from the awesome fervor of the emotion of their hearts and from the rending of the entrails of the king, the princes, all the troops, and the inhabitants of the city. No one was able to sing the Lord‟s chants from the fearful and agonizing emotion of the king and the whole multitude.”4 Making his way to the Rock of Golgotha,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • SVAKO-NEKA-VERUJE-En
    1 2 Conference EVERLASTING VALUE AND PERMANENT ACTUALITY OF THE EDICT OF MILAN On the Way to the Great Jubilee in 2013 Book 1 Everyone Should Believe as His Heart Wishes Belgrade, September 2011 Under the auspices of His Holiness Mr. Irinej, the Serbian Patriarch EVERLASTING VALUE AND PERMANENT ACTUALITY OF THE EDICT OF MILAN ON THE Way TO THE Great Jubilee IN 2013 Book 1 - Everyone Should Believe as HIS Heart Wishes Publisher Association of Nongovernmental Organizations in SEE – CIVIS Dositejeva 4/IV, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Tel: +381 11 26 21 723, Fax: +381 11 26 26 332 www.civis-see.org For publisher Mirjana Prljević Chief Editor Mirjana Prljević Editor Bojana Popović Translators Marina Djordjević Bojana Popović Translator of the text “Edict of Milan” by Nebojša Ozimić Ivana Filipović Design & Prepress Marko ZAkovskI Printed by Graphic, Novi Sad Press run: 500 pcs ISBN 978-86-908103-2-1 The publishing of this book was supported by German Foundation Renovabis Content 5 INTRODUCTION 6 CONCLUSIONS FROM THE CONFERENCE Opening speeches 7 H.E. Bishop of Bačka, Dr Irinej 9 Miloš Simonović 9 Archpriest Vitalij Tarasjev 10 H.E. Mons. Orlando Antonini 11 Dr Johann Marte 12 Mirjana Prljević 13 Božidar Đelić 15 I sesSION 17 Dr. Christian Gastgeber Constantine the Great and His Bible Order 20 Erika Juhasz Constantine the Great and his Importance: Seen by the Historiography of the 7th Century 25 Dr. Sebastiano Panteghini Constantine the Great and the Renewal of His Image (14th century, Ecclesiastical History by Nike- phoros Xanthopulos) 30 Prof. Milutin Timotijević Emperor Constantine’s Aureole 37 Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • The Advocate - June 30, 1960 Catholic Church
    Seton Hall University eRepository @ Seton Hall The aC tholic Advocate Archives and Special Collections 6-30-1960 The Advocate - June 30, 1960 Catholic Church Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.shu.edu/catholic-advocate Part of the Catholic Studies Commons, and the Missions and World Christianity Commons Recommended Citation Catholic Church, "The Advocate - June 30, 1960" (1960). The Catholic Advocate. 142. https://scholarship.shu.edu/catholic-advocate/142 Cuban Exile The Advocate Work Official Publication of the Groups Archdiocese of Newark. N. and J., Diocese of Paterson. N. J. VoL No. 9, 27 THURSDAY, JUNE 1960 30, PRICE: TEN CENTS For Change Charges Catholic Families NCWC News Service Three groups of exiled Cuban leaders have issued Don 't statements accusing the Castro of Act Catholic government setting up a Always communist in Cuba regime and attacking religion. SAN In ANTONIO, Tex. Catholic Miami, a Cuban Christian Democratic families too often development projects. Movement in reflect the behavior standards Exile was of their non-Catholic organized. Earlier in June the an- neigh- HIS STATISTICS movement on bors, rather than reflecting the teachings of the early mar- nounced that it had suspended its Church, were borne in riages out a survey activities in Cuba because Economic Msgr. Irving A. Deßlanc charged here. taken St. “only improvement was by Mary’s University the Communist here Party may carry promised, “but the government Msgr. Deßlanc, director of the NCWC among 14,552 Catholic teen- Family Life out fully and its unimpeded prop- with arbitrary enforcements and made the accusation in agers. of the ex- Bureau, Two-thirds boys aganda and The state- activity.” violence ruined the an article for the Na- pected to be engaged demagogical prepared indicates that are by age 20 or ment said the will we losing 40% group work bases of tional Catholic 21, while the production, causing a fi- Life Con- of the children dominant for for Family from a mixed age a free, democratic and Chris- nancial vention here.
    [Show full text]
  • Ublic Is Invited O Talk Tomorrow Hi Refinery Plaints
    • voi, LIII-NO. 3 thed W«ck On thntadatad ; WOODBRTDGE, N. J| THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 1961 «»<*"« « Jn« ciu, nun ' At l>. O WoadbrMfii, H. J. PRICE TEN CENTS ublic is Invited o Talk Tomorrow Wukovets Due hi Refinery Plaints To Retain Post 7. The Hess Invitation: )c$$ion Set Refinery President in Promine to Reply Zirpolo y^ 1/ School To All Queries at Meeting Tomorrow at 8 Seen PT. READING •- Herewith is the full text, of the Adams Opponent •T. READING — A full statement Issued late yesterday, inviting inquiries at ,,,rninity for residents WOQDBRLDGE -- Although there has beon no official a public meeting concerning the refinery of the Hess iiiiiii)iini'.cmcnt. Walter Zirpolo. Column, is m the lead to \K i',, it Reading specif teal- Trading and Transport, Inc., in Port Reading School ilu Democratic <:andidatc for mayor. Fading ,,nd the entire com tomorrow night at eight: If chosen by Democratic lenders in meetings this weekend,' WOODBRIDGE — An inter- Mr Zirpolo will undoubtedly run against a Colonia neighbor, ton HM«, praldent of Hew Trading and Transport, CONGRATULATIONS AND F.OTS <U I.VCK: Two nciv members of the Board of f'.du- .rstlng session will undoubtedly inly generally, to ob» ration arc shakinc lumds »s .lohn Feb., left. «h» «us reelcetrd. looks nn. In the center Mayor FredericFdikk M. AAdamsd . Ine. today Invited resident* of Port Reading to attend »n take place Monday night wHBti answers to questions open mtetlni In Port fending School at eifht tomorrow is Roy M. Mundv mid at rii>iit is Harold Mvillin. Jr.
    [Show full text]
  • BYZANTINE CAMEOS and the AESTHETICS of the ICON By
    BYZANTINE CAMEOS AND THE AESTHETICS OF THE ICON by James A. Magruder, III A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland March 2014 © 2014 James A. Magruder, III All rights reserved Abstract Byzantine icons have attracted artists and art historians to what they saw as the flat style of large painted panels. They tend to understand this flatness as a repudiation of the Classical priority to represent Nature and an affirmation of otherworldly spirituality. However, many extant sacred portraits from the Byzantine period were executed in relief in precious materials, such as gemstones, ivory or gold. Byzantine writers describe contemporary icons as lifelike, sometimes even coming to life with divine power. The question is what Byzantine Christians hoped to represent by crafting small icons in precious materials, specifically cameos. The dissertation catalogs and analyzes Byzantine cameos from the end of Iconoclasm (843) until the fall of Constantinople (1453). They have not received comprehensive treatment before, but since they represent saints in iconic poses, they provide a good corpus of icons comparable to icons in other media. Their durability and the difficulty of reworking them also makes them a particularly faithful record of Byzantine priorities regarding the icon as a genre. In addition, the dissertation surveys theological texts that comment on or illustrate stone to understand what role the materiality of Byzantine cameos played in choosing stone relief for icons. Finally, it examines Byzantine epigrams written about or for icons to define the terms that shaped icon production.
    [Show full text]
  • Heads Or Tails
    Heads or Tails Representation and Acceptance in Hadrian’s Imperial Coinage Name: Thomas van Erp Student number: S4501268 Course: Master’s Thesis Course code: (LET-GESM4300-2018-SCRSEM2-V) Supervisor: Mw. dr. E.E.J. Manders (Erika) 2 Table of Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ 5 Figure 1: Proportions of Coin Types Hadrian ........................................................................ 5 Figure 2: Dynastic Representation in Comparison ................................................................ 5 Figure 3: Euergesia in Comparison ....................................................................................... 5 Figure 4: Virtues ..................................................................................................................... 5 Figure 5: Liberalitas in Comparison ...................................................................................... 5 Figure 6: Iustitias in Comparison ........................................................................................... 5 Figure 7: Military Representation in Comparison .................................................................. 5 Figure 8: Divine Association in Comparison ......................................................................... 5 Figure 9: Proportions of Coin Types Domitian ...................................................................... 5 Figure 10: Proportions of Coin Types Trajan .......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Christian Moral Decline: a New Context for the Sibylla Tiburtina (Ms Escorial &.I.3)
    Holdenried, A. (2016). Christian Moral Decline: A New Context for the Sibylla Tiburtina (Ms Escorial &.I.3). In Peoples of the Apocalypse : Eschatological Beliefs and Political Scenarios (Vol. 63, pp. 321-336). (Millennium-Studien / Millennium Studies 63; Vol. 63). de Gruyter. Peer reviewed version Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the accepted author manuscript (AAM). The final published version (version of record) is available online via Walter de Gruyter GmbH at https://www.degruyter.com/viewbooktoc/product/469126. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ Christian Moral Decline: A New Context for the Sibylla Tiburtina (Ms Escorial &.I.3) The Sibylla Tiburtina was one of the most popular, widespread and influential apocalyptic texts of the medieval period. I have considered elsewhere the Tiburtina’s reception by its medieval audience.1 My observations in this paper, however, concern a new aspect of the Latin text - its early history. Much remains to be said about this topic, since, as has been rightly remarked: ‘the history of the family of texts that for convenience’s sake we call the Sibylla Tiburtina is still imperfectly known’.2 This is perhaps not surprising: with roots in late antiquity, the Tiburtina’s text evolved over a remarkably long period.
    [Show full text]
  • Antholoaia LATINA
    ANTHOLOaiA LATINA SIVE POESIS LATINAE SVPPLEMENTVM PARS PRIOE: CARMINA m CODICIBVS SCRIPTA RECENSVIT ALEXANDER RIESE FASCICVLVS II: EELIQVOEVM LIBEOEVM CAEMINA LIPSIAE IN AEDIBVS B. G. TEVBNERI MDCCCLXX I IiTP61A.E : TTPIS B. O. TEVBNEBI PRAErATIO Ex ingenti librorum manu scriptorum numero hic fasciculus consarcinatus est. Quorum multos ipse con- tuli, Parisinos dico plerosque et Valentianos et Bam- bergensem 787 et Turicensem 78 et, quos eximia biblio- thecae praefectorum comitas Francofurtum transmittendos curauit, Leidenses Vossianos q. 33 et q. 69. Reliquos uirorum doctorum beneuolentiae et humanitati debeo, qui auxilium suum large mihi praestiterunt. Hoiderus enim nunc quoque suam mihi operam non deesse voluit misitque et ex Leidensibus quaedam et Valentianos 396 et 389 et multa Caroliruhae nunc seruata a Scotis mo- naciiis scripta. Idem quae Noltius ex codicibus Bruxel- iensibus 1828 — 1830 et 5657 enotauerat meo usui con- cessit. Hagenus quoque ex codicibus Bernensibus multa mihi contulit, cf. c. 483, 672, al. Porro Martinus Hertz codicem Rehdigeranum S. L 6. 17 et Guilelmus Hartel Vindobonensem 2521 a me rogati inspexere Conradusque Bursian quae ex Parisinis 7533 et 8093 enotauerat mecum communicauit. J. Adert Geneuensis quas Duebneri amici collationes possidet perhumaniter ultro mihi obtulit e uti ; quibus paucis quibusdam potui, quae suis locis inuenies. Gasto Boissier denique c. 718 cum codice Parisino 13026 contulit et paucula quaedam praecipue ad c. 393 spectantia Lucianus Mueller misit. Quibus uiris omnibus gratias maximas laetissime testatas es§e uolo. IV PRAEFATIO Sed et codicem Isidori Beilouacensem statim hic memorandum puto, qui est fons carminum 690—715 hodie deperdilus. cf. praef. fasc. I. p. XXXIII sq. Ex sacerdotis cuiusdam Bellouacensis codici epistola , quae Parisino 11677 saeculi XVIII initio scripto, uarias Isi- dori codicum et quidem fol.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fall of Rome by Dr Peter Heather Last Updated 2011-02-17 Was The
    The Fall of Rome By Dr Peter Heather Last updated 2011-02-17 Was the collapse of the Roman empire in the west a series of gradual adjustments or a catastrophic event that brought violent change? Dark ages In September 476 AD, the last Roman emperor of the west, Romulus Augustulus, was deposed by a Germanic prince called Odovacar, who had won control of the remnants of the Roman army of Italy. He then sent the western imperial regalia to Constantinople. The Roman empire in western Europe - a centralised superstate which had been in existence for 500 years - had ceased to exist, its single emperor replaced by upwards of a dozen kings and princes. The vast majority of these rulers, like Odovacar himself , were non-Roman in origin. Their power was based on the control of military forces which were the direct descendents of recent immigrants into the Roman world, whether Anglo-Saxons in Britain, Goths in southern Gaul and Spain, or Vandals in North Africa. The end of empire was a major event in human history. What difference did this political revolution make to real life in the former western Empire? For many 19th and earler 20th century commentators, the fall of Rome marked the death knell of education and literacy, sophisticated architecture, advanced economic interaction, and, not least, the rule of written law. The 'dark ages' which followed were dark not only because written sources were few and far between, but because life became nasty, brutish and short. Other commentators, who were more focused on the slavery and entrenched social hierarchies that were also part of the Roman world, didn't really disagree with these observations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Developmentof Early Imperial Dress from the Tetrachs to The
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Birmingham Research Archive, E-theses Repository University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. The Development of Early Imperial Dress from the Tetrarchs to the Herakleian Dynasty General Introduction The emperor, as head of state, was the most important and powerful individual in the land; his official portraits and to a lesser extent those of the empress were depicted throughout the realm. His image occurred most frequently on small items issued by government officials such as coins, market weights, seals, imperial standards, medallions displayed beside new consuls, and even on the inkwells of public officials. As a sign of their loyalty, his portrait sometimes appeared on the patches sown on his supporters’ garments, embossed on their shields and armour or even embellishing their jewelry. Among more expensive forms of art, the emperor’s portrait appeared in illuminated manuscripts, mosaics, and wall paintings such as murals and donor portraits. Several types of statues bore his likeness, including those worshiped as part of the imperial cult, examples erected by public 1 officials, and individual or family groupings placed in buildings, gardens and even harbours at the emperor’s personal expense.
    [Show full text]
  • Ad Apostolorum Principis
    AD APOSTOLORUM PRINCIPIS ENCYCLICAL OF POPE PIUS XII ON COMMUNISM AND THE CHURCH IN CHINA TO OUR VENERABLE BRETHREN AND BELOVED CHILDREN, THE ARCHBISHOPS, BISHIOPS, OTHER LOCAL ORDINARIES AND CLERGY AND PEOPLE OF CHINA IN PEACE AND COMMUNION WITH THE APOSTOLIC SEE June 29, 1958 Venerable Brethren and Beloved Children, Greetings and Apostolic Benediction. At the tomb of the Prince of the Apostles, in the majestic Vatican Basilica, Our immediate Predecessor of deathless memory, Pius XI, duly consecrated and raised to the fullness of the priesthood, as you well know, "the flowers and . latest buds of the Chinese episcopate."[1] 2. On that solemn occasion he added these words: "You have come, Venerable Brethren, to visit Peter, and you have received from him the shepherd's staff, with which to undertake your apostolic journeys and to gather together your sheep. It is Peter who with great love has embraced you who are in great part Our hope for the spread of the truth of the Gospel among your people."[2] 3. The memory of that allocution comes to Our mind today, Venerable Brethren and dear children, as the Catholic Church in your fatherland is experiencing great suffering and loss. But the hope of our great Predecessor was not in vain, nor did it prove without effect, for new bands of shepherds and heralds of the Gospel have been joined to the first group of bishops whom Peter, living in his Successor, sent to feed those chosen flocks of the Lord. 4. New works and religious undertakings prospered among you despite many obstacles.
    [Show full text]
  • Avhandling Ne...Ng Heresy.Pdf
    Negotiating Heresy The Reception of Origen in Jerome's Eschatological Thought Pålsson, Katarina 2019 Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Pålsson, K. (2019). Negotiating Heresy: The Reception of Origen in Jerome's Eschatological Thought. Lunds universitet, Media-Tryck . Total number of authors: 1 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 Negotiating Heresy The Reception of Origen in Jerome’s Eschatological Thought KATARINA PÅLSSON CENTRE FOR THEOLOGY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES | LUND UNIVERSITY Jerome of Stridon (347-419/20) has largely been remembered for the controversies in which he was engaged. His work as a polemicist and a defender of what he considered to be orthodox teaching has been seen as defining.
    [Show full text]
  • Questions for Art of Medieval Spain
    www.YoYoBrain.com - Accelerators for Memory and Learning Questions for Art of Medieval Spain Category: Default - (74 questions) Alabaster sculpture of Tanit/Astarte, nicknamed "Dama de Galera," Madrid, Museo Arqueológico, 7th c BCE -Phinecean object that found home in Iberian religious practices -Phineceans: eastern culture; experts in maritime travel; traded with Iberian locals; began settling in coastal cities around mouth of the mediterranean around 8th cen. BCE Sculpture of Askepios, from Empùries, 2 c BCE -Greek Empuries -from Sanctuary of Askepios (God of Medicine) Dama de Baza, 4th c. CE -reminiscent of ancient Greek Chios Kore -from native culture of Iberia: culturally receptive but politically resistant to invading groups; independent tribes) -rise of votive figure echo to the Phineceans Head of Augustus, early 1st c. CE -sculpture from Merida (sculptures from this area were among the finest on the peninsula) -Merida (aka Augusta Emerita) was a military settlement; founded by Augustus for retired soldiers; not founded on a pre-existing site which is different from ordinary Roman towns in Spain; became a politically important city Mérida, theater, inscr. 15-16 BC -attached to amphitheater; deliberate connection -attributed to Augustus -well preserved -partly reconstructed (scenae frons- elaborate, built later during Hadrian period) Tarragona (Tarraco), Arch of Bará, 2nd c CE -Tarragona was capital of Eastern Roman Spain (being on top of a hill, it was hard to attack and therefore a good place for a capital) -The arch is just outside
    [Show full text]