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Les Disparus De La Guerre D'algérie Du Fait Des Les disparus de la guerre d’Algérie du fait des forces de l’ordre françaises. Vérité et justice ? Les disparus de la guerre d’Algérie du fait des forces de l’ordre françaises. Vérité et justice ? * Journée d’étude du 20 septembre 2019 Assemblée nationale Organisateurs Association Maurice Audin Association coloniale et postcoloniale Partenaires Mouvement contre la Racisme et pour l’Amitié entre les Peuples (MRAP) Ligue des Droits de l’Homme (LDH) Amnesty International France Action des Chrétiens pour l’Abolition de la Torture France (ACAT) La CIMADE Soutiens Commission nationale consultative des droits de l’homme (CNCDH) Association des Archivistes Français (AAF) Centre Culturel Algérien Institut des sciences juridiques et philosophiques de la Sorbonne (ISJPS) La contemporaine Institut d’Histoire du Temps Présent (IHTP – CNRS) Centre de recherche et d’étude des droits fondamentaux (CREDOF) Ces Actes seront publiés en brochure, en 2021 par l’Association des archivistes français (AAF). 1 Les disparus de la guerre d’Algérie du fait des forces de l’ordre françaises. Vérité et justice ? Comité de parrainage, Comité scientifique et Comité d’organisation 2 Les disparus de la guerre d’Algérie du fait des forces de l’ordre françaises. Vérité et justice ? Remerciements à Stéphane Peu, député de Seine-Saint-Denis, qui a rendu possible cette journée d’étude et accueilli les participants, salle Victor Hugo de l’Assemblée nationale, Pierre Audin, qui a ouvert cette journée, Jean-Marie Delarue, président alors de la Commission nationale consultative des droits de l’homme (CNCDH), Benjamin Stora, historien, qui a présidé la table ronde sur l’histoire, Isabelle Neuschwander, ancienne directrice des Archives nationales, qui a présidé la table ronde sur les archives, Cécile Riou-Batista, secrétaire générale adjointe de la CNCDH, pour son aide pour l’organisation de cette journée, Chloé Leprince pour avoir animé la table ronde sur l’histoire et fait écho à cette journée sur le site de France culture : https://www.franceculture.fr/histoire/guerre-dalgerie-quand-le-secret-defense-entrave-la-memoire Céline Guyon pour avoir animé la table ronde sur les archives et accueilli dans Archivistes !, la revue de l’Association des archivistes français (AAF) qu’elle préside, un article sur cette journée, Christopher Ambert et Marie-Valentin Shaw, stagiaires de la CNCDH ainsi que Laura Alexandre, Jason Prescott, Diane Rivail et Lila Sid-Ahmed, étudiants du master 2 contentieux public de l’université Paris 1 qui ont aidé à son déroulement, Malika Rahal, André Salem, Fabrice Riceputi et les membres du Service communication de la LDH, Virginie Peron, Clotilde Julien et Chloé Keller, pour avoir participé au recueil des inscriptions, Le secrétariat du MRAP qui a assuré les tirages de documents distribués en séance François Demerliac (Virtuel production) pour avoir réalisé les résumés filmés de la journée, visible à : https://histoirecoloniale.net/Les-video-de-la-journee-du-20-septembre-2019-sur-les-disparus-de-la-guerre- d.html Mediapart, l’Association Maurice Audin et l’Association histoire coloniale et postcoloniale pour avoir rendu possible et diffusé ces résumés filmés, Frank Mouly, assistant parlementaire de Stéphane Peu, pour la préparation de la journée, Fanny Layani et Michel Tabbal (CNCDH) pour leurs traductions, La bibliothèque du CRDH, Université Paris II, qui a accueilli au Centre du Panthéon les réunions préparatoires. 3 Les disparus de la guerre d’Algérie du fait des forces de l’ordre françaises. Vérité et justice ? TABLE DES MATIERES Organisateurs, partenaires et soutiens 1 Comité de parrainage, Comité scientifique, Comité d’organisation 2 Remerciements 3 OUVERTURE Jean-Pierre Raoult (Commission Nationale Consultative des Droits de l’Homme et Association Maurice Audin) 7 INTRODUCTION Origine et objet de la journée d’étude du 20 septembre 2019, Gilles Manceron ….. 9 Le site de recherche de disparus « 1000autres.org », Fabrice Riceputi 17 La question des disparus du fait des forces de l’ordre française durant la guerre vue d’Algérie, Amar Mohand-Amer 23 L’accès aux archives relatives aux disparus de la guerre d’Algérie -La mise en œuvre de la déclaration présidentielle du 18 septembre 2018, Jean-Charles Bédague 34 HISTOIRE Avant la guerre d’Algérie, des pratiques fréquentes dans tout l’Empire français, Alain Ruscio 38 La doctrine de la « guerre révolutionnaire » (DGR), genèse, mise en œuvre et postérité, François Gèze 49 Les viols : l’autre traumatisme de la guerre d’Algérie, Florence Beaugé 59 Répressions policières et disparitions en métropole, Emmanuel Blanchard 64 La recherche des disparus algériens ; un bilan du site 1000autres.org., Malika Rahal 65 JUSTICE Le cadre juridique des disparitions : un système juridique, Arlette Heymann-Doat 66 Les accords d’Evian et les amnisties, Catherine Teitgen-Colly 74 La criminalisation des exécutions extrajudiciaires et des disparitions forcées par le droit international, Emmanuel Decaux 93 Quelle justice plus d’un demi-siècle après les crimes ? Isabelle Fouchard 105 4 Les disparus de la guerre d’Algérie du fait des forces de l’ordre françaises. Vérité et justice ? ARCHIVES L’accès aux archives, un enjeu citoyen- Les questions posées par Brigitte Laîné et Philippe Grand, Caroline Piketty 106 L’ouverture problématique des archives des conflits français contemporains : entre lois, règlements, décisions politiques et pratiques administratives, Gilles Morin 112 « Aucune nouvelle de lui n’est parvenue aux siens » : Les archives du CICR et les disparus de la Guerre d’Algérie, Daniel Palmieri 119 L’appel aux témoignages de militaires français de l’époque, la levée à leur égard de la règle du silence et l’appel au dépôt d’archives privées ou privatisées, Sylvie Thénault 120 CONCLUSION – Henri Leclerc 121 ANNEXES 1-Déclaration du Président de la République sur la mort de Maurice Audin- 13 septembre 2018 127 2- Message de Sonia Combe 131 3- Bibliographie 132 5 Les disparus de la guerre d’Algérie du fait des forces de l’ordre françaises. Vérité et justice ? OUVERTURE Jean-Pierre RAOULT Commission Nationale Consultative des Droits de l’Homme, Association Maurice Audin Résumé : J’ouvre cette journée d’étude en tant que membre de son comité d’organisation. J’en retracerai brièvement l’origine et le caractère pluridisciplinaire. J’expliquerai pourquoi elle n’est qu’une étape dans un processus de reconnaissance et d’analyse politique et hsitorique, qui doit connaître de nouveaux développeemnts Abstract : I am introducing this day in my capacity of member of its organizing committee. I will briefly describe its origin and its multidisciplinary nature. I will explain why it is nothing but a step in a process of recognition and of political and historical analysis, which is to be continued. Mots-clés : Histoire, justice, archives Keywords : History, justice, archives J’ouvre cette journée d’étude en tant que membre de son comité d’organisation. Dans la ligne de la vocation pluridisciplinaire de cette rencontre, celui-ci comprenait deux juristes, Catherine Teitgen-Colly et Emamnuel Decaux, un historien, Gilles Manceron, une archiviste, Caroline Piketty et moi, Jean-Pierre Raoult, qui ne suis rien de tout cela mais dont la légitimité ici tient à mon appartenance à l’association Maurice Audin. Je suis heureux que les premiers contacts qui ont abouti à cette réalisation se soient noués entre membres de la CNCDH (Commission nationale consultative des droits de l’homme) dont le président, Jean-Marie Delarue, nous fait l’honneur de présider une session, et dont je suis membre en tant que repésentant du MRAP (Mouvement contre le racisme et pour l’amitié entre les peuples). Cette journée d’étude est soutenue par les grandes associations de défense des droits de l’homme, l’association des archivistes français et les institutions culturelles et universitaires qui figurent sur le programme (d’autres s’y sont ajoutées, comme le CREDOF, Centre de recherche et d’étude des droits fondamentaux de l’université Paris 10). Pour moi cette journée, pour originale que soit sa conception, consistant en regards croisés sur les disparitions durant la guerre d’Algérie du fait des forces de l’ordre françaises, en élargissant les points de vue sur ces crimes, n’est qu’une étape. Qui dit étape dit tout d’abord considération des recherches et études critiques antérieures et il faut rappeler ici l’existence d’une historiographie abondante qui prend sa source dès l’époque de la guerre d’indépendance de l’Algérie, grâce à ceux 6 Les disparus de la guerre d’Algérie du fait des forces de l’ordre françaises. Vérité et justice ? qui, tel particulièment Pierre Vidal-Naquet, se sont engagés pour cette oeuvre, ont pris des risques et ont souvent subi des sanctions. Mais qui dit étape dit aussi regard vers l’avenir, certains que nous sommes que des travaux futurs, amorcés notamment par plusieurs des intervenants de cette journée, pourront prendre de l’ampleur grâce au recueil de témoignages, tels que ceux assurés par le site Histoire coloniale et postconiale, et en s’appuyant sur la dérogation générale à l’ouverture d’archives publiques que le président de la République a dit souhaiter dans son communiqué, il y a un an presque jour pour jour,lors da visite à Josette Audin, et que nous appelons encore de nos vœux, au-delà de l’avancée limitée de l’ouverture, concernant uniquement le cas de Maurice Audin, qui vient d’être accordée. Pour compléter ces quelques mots d’introduction, Gilles Manceron et Fabrice Riceputi vont préciser pour nous l’objet de cette journée, puis Amar Mohand-Amer nous parlera de la question vue d’Algérie et Jean-Charles Bédague interviendra au nom du Service interministériel des archives de France. Cette journée sera entièrement filmée, des montages figureront sur le journal en ligne Mediapart. J’ajoute que nous sommes décidés à publier ses travaux, sur internet ou dans un livre (nous étudions plusieurs possibilités).
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