Coup D'etat Events, 1946-2012
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Civilian Control Over the Military in East Asia
Civilian Control over the Military in East Asia Aurel Croissant Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Heidelberg September 2011 EAI Fellows Program Working Paper Series No. 31 Knowledge-Net for a Better World The East Asia Institute(EAI) is a nonprofit and independent research organization in Korea, founded in May 2002. The EAI strives to transform East Asia into a society of nations based on liberal democracy, market economy, open society, and peace. The EAI takes no institutional position on policy issues and has no affiliation with the Korean government. All statements of fact and expressions of opinion contained in its publications are the sole responsibility of the author or authors. is a registered trademark. © Copyright 2011 EAI This electronic publication of EAI intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Copies may not be duplicated for commercial purposes. Unauthorized posting of EAI documents to a non-EAI website is prohibited. EAI documents are protected under copyright law. The East Asia Institute 909 Sampoong B/D, 310-68 Euljiro 4-ga Jung-gu, Seoul 100-786 Republic of Korea Tel. 82 2 2277 1683 Fax 82 2 2277 1684 EAI Fellows Program Working Paper No. 31 Civilian Control over the Military in East Asia1 Aurel Croissant Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Heidelberg September 2011 Abstract In recent decades, several nations in East Asia have transitioned from authoritarian rule to democracy. The emerging democracies in the region, however, do not converge on a single pattern of civil-military relations as the analysis of failed institutionalization of civilian control in Thailand, the prolonged crisis of civil– military relations in the Philippines, the conditional subordination of the military under civilian authority in Indonesia and the emergence of civilian supremacy in South Korea in this article demonstrates. -
The Financial and Economic Crisis of 2008-2009 and Developing Countries
THE FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC CRISIS OF 2008-2009 AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Edited by Sebastian Dullien Detlef J. Kotte Alejandro Márquez Jan Priewe UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, December 2010 ii Note Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. The views expressed in this book are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the UNCTAD secretariat. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Material in this publication may be freely quoted; acknowl edgement, however, is requested (including reference to the document number). It would be appreciated if a copy of the publication containing the quotation were sent to the Publications Assistant, Division on Globalization and Development Strategies, UNCTAD, Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10. UNCTAD/GDS/MDP/2010/1 UNITeD NatioNS PUblicatioN Sales No. e.11.II.D.11 ISbN 978-92-1-112818-5 Copyright © United Nations, 2010 All rights reserved THE FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC CRISIS O F 2008-2009 AND DEVELOPING COUN T RIES iii CONTENTS Abbreviations and acronyms ................................................................................xi About the authors -
Civil Resistance Against Coups a Comparative and Historical Perspective Dr
ICNC MONOGRAPH SERIES Civil Resistance Against Coups A Comparative and Historical Perspective Dr. Stephen Zunes ICNC MONOGRAPH SERIES Cover Photos: (l) Flickr user Yamil Gonzales (CC BY-SA 2.0) June 2009, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. People protesting in front of the Presidential SERIES EDITOR: Maciej Bartkowski Palace during the 2009 coup. (r) Wikimedia Commons. August 1991, CONTACT: [email protected] Moscow, former Soviet Union. Demonstrators gather at White House during the 1991 coup. VOLUME EDITOR: Amber French DESIGNED BY: David Reinbold CONTACT: [email protected] Peer Review: This ICNC monograph underwent four blind peer reviews, three of which recommended it for publication. After Other volumes in this series: satisfactory revisions ICNC released it for publication. Scholarly experts in the field of civil resistance and related disciplines, as well as People Power Movements and International Human practitioners of nonviolent action, serve as independent reviewers Rights, by Elizabeth A. Wilson (2017) of ICNC monograph manuscripts. Making of Breaking Nonviolent Discipline in Civil Resistance Movements, by Jonathan Pinckney (2016) The Tibetan Nonviolent Struggle, by Tenzin Dorjee (2015) Publication Disclaimer: The designations used and material The Power of Staying Put, by Juan Masullo (2015) presentedin this publication do not indicate the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of ICNC. The author holds responsibility for the selection and presentation of facts contained in Published by ICNC Press this work, as well as for any and all opinions expressed therein, which International Center on Nonviolent Conflict are not necessarily those of ICNC and do not commit the organization 1775 Pennsylvania Ave. NW. Ste. -
He Embarked on a Strong Move to Develop Uganda Very Quickly After Independence. His Achievements Were So Good That the President
SPEECH BY MAMA MIRIA OBOTE IN HONOUR OF THE FOUNDING FATHERS OF THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY, AT ARUSHA TANZANIA 31ST MAY2015. Introduction We are delighted, humbled and honoured, to stand before this august EAL Assembly representing our Founding Fathers of the East African Community, comrades Dr.Julius Kambarage Nyerere, Mzee J omo Kenyatta and Apollo Milton Obote. As far as the Obotes are concerned we are true East Africans because of the long experience of living, studying and working in East Africa. Dr. Obote lived and worked in Kenya in the 19 50s when the Mau Mau struggle was taking place and had the golden opportunity of meeting the legendary freedom fighter, Dedan Kimathi, When political activities were banned in Kenya, the focus shifted to social clubs and Dr. Obote went on to head the Kaloleni Social Club. Later the ban on political activities was lifted and Dr. Obote together with other Kenyan nationalists went ahead to found K.A.U, the Kenyan African Union. Dr. Obote was even elected Chairperson of the new party and he led the successful campaigns for the late Tom Mboya's entry into to the L.E.G.C.0. I, myself am equally a product of the East African spirit and Kenya. My late father Blasio Kalule was an employee of the Kenya-Uganda Railway and we lived in Nairobi, Kenya, for a while. With the advent of exile in 1971 to 1980 we lived in Tanzania and during our second exile, 1985 - 2005, we lived in both Kenya and Zambia. Our children have studied in Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda, thus our association with both the old and new East African Community. -
World of Work Report 2010. from One Crisis to the Next?
World of Work Report 2010 From one crisis to the next? INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR LABOUR STUDIES wow_2010_EN.indd 3 28.09.10 17:44 Published by the International Institute for Labour Studies The International Institute for Labour Studies (IILS) was established in 1960 as an autonomous facility of the International Labour Organization (ILO) to further policy research, public debate and the sharing of knowledge on emerging labour and social issues of concern to the ILO and its constituents – labour, business and government. Copyright © International Labour Organization (International Institute for Labour Studies) 2010. Short excerpts from this publication may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to the Director, International Institute for Labour Studies, P.O. Box 6, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland. 978-92-9014-948-4 (print) 978-92-9014-949-1 (web pdf) First published 2010 by International Labour Office CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland www.ilo.org Co-published in South Asia by Academic Foundation, 4772/23 Bharat Road, (23 Ansari Road), Darya Ganj, New Delhi – 110002, India www.academicfoundation.com World of work report 2010 : from one crisis to the next? / International Labour Office. – Geneva: ILO, 2010 1 v. ISBN 978-92-9014-948-4 (print); 978-92-9014-949-1 (web pdf) International Labour Office employment / unemployment / income distribution / social implication / fiscal policy / financial sector / economic recession / economic recovery / developed countries / developing countries 13.01.3 ILO Cataloguing in Publication Data The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions of this volume rests solely with their authors, and their publication does not constitute an endorsement by the Inter- national Institute for Labour Studies of the opinions expressed. -
Escuela De Ciencias De La Educación
MODALIDAD ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN “Generaciones interactivas en Ecuador” Estudio realizado en las instituciones educativas, Liceo Joaquín Lalama, Liceo Americano, Colegio Fausto Molina en la ciudad de Ambato provincia de Tungurahua en el año 2011 TRABAJO DE FIN DE CARRERA PREVIO A LA OBTENCIÓN DEL TITULO DE LICENCIADO EN CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN. AUTOR: MENCIÓN: Urbina Gálvez Omar Marcelo Físico – Matemáticas DIRECTOR DEL PROYECTO DE INVESTIGACIÓN: Mgs. María Elvira Aguirre Burneo. DIRECTOR DEL TRABAJO FIN DE CARRERA: Mgs. Galo Rodrigo Guerrero Jiménez. PORTADA CENTRO UNIVERSITARIO AMBATO 2012 CERTIFICACIÓN Mgs. Galo Guerrero Jiménez. TUTOR DEL INFORME DE TRABAJO DE FIN DE CARRERA ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN U.T.P.L. C E R T I F I C A: Haber revisado el presente Informe de Trabajo de Fin de Carrera, que se ajusta a las normas establecidas por la Escuela de Ciencias de la Educación, Modalidad Abierta, de la Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja; por tanto, autoriza su presentación para los fines legales pertinentes. (f) __________________________ Loja, marzo del 2012 ii ACTA DE DECLARACIÓN Y CESIÓN DE DERECHOS Yo, Omar Marcelo Urbina Gálvez, declaro ser autor del presente Trabajo de Fin de Carrera y eximo expresamente a la Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja y a sus representantes legales de posibles reclamos o acciones legales. Adicionalmente declaro conocer y aceptar la disposición del Art. 67 del Estatuto Orgánico de la Universidad la propiedad intelectual de investigaciones, trabajos científicos o técnicos de tesis/trabajos de grado que se realicen a través, o con el apoyo financiero, académico o institucional (operativo) de la Universidad. -
1 the Congo Crisis, 1960-1961
The Congo Crisis, 1960-1961: A Critical Oral History Conference Organized by: The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars’ Cold War International History Project and Africa Program Sponsored by: The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars September 23-24, 2004 Opening of Conference – September 23, 2004 CHRISTIAN OSTERMANN: Ladies and gentlemen I think we’ll get started even though we’re still expecting a few colleagues who haven’t arrived yet, but I think we should get started because we have quite an agenda for this meeting. Welcome all of you to the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars; my name is Christian Ostermann. I direct one of the programs here at the Woodrow Wilson Center, the Cold War International History Project. The Center is the United States’ official memorial to President Woodrow Wilson and it celebrates, commemorates Woodrow Wilson through a living memorial, that is, we bring scholars from around the world, about 150 each year to the Wilson center to do research and to write. In addition to hosting fellowship programs, the Center hosts 450 meetings each year on a broad array of topics related to international affairs. One of these meetings is taking place today, and it is a very special meeting, as I will explain in a few moments. This meeting is co-sponsored by the Center’s Cold War International History project and 1 the Center’s Africa Program, directed by former Congressman Howard Wolpe. He’s in Burundi as we speak here, but some of his staff will be joining us during the course of the day. -
THE ENEMY WITHIN Personal Rule, Coups, and Civil War in Africa
THE ENEMY WITHIN Personal Rule, Coups, and Civil War in Africa By PHILIP ROESSLER* INTRODUCTION HAT explains the outbreak of large-scale political violence be- Wtween governments and domestic armed opposition? Over the past decade a coherent research program has emerged to address this question. One of its principal findings is that since World War II civil wars have tended to be concentrated in the “rural periphery of poor, post-colonial state[s].”1 A first wave of quantitative research attributed this empirical regularity to underlying structural factors, such as low income, large populations, mountainous terrain, and cross-border sanc- tuaries,2 rather than to “indicators of ethnic and religious diversity or measures of grievances such as economic inequality, lack of democracy or civil liberties, or state discrimination against minority religions or languages.”3 A second wave of cross-national research, spearheaded by Wimmer, Cederman and Min,4 however, challenges the notion that ethnicity is irrelevant in civil wars. Building on the insights of earlier work by Horowitz5 and Gurr6 and consistent with a large body of quali- *I thank Andreas Wimmer, Lars-Erik Cederman, and Brian Min for sharing the Ethnic Power Relations data set and Patrick McGowan for sharing his African Military Intervention Events code- book and data file. I am also grateful for helpful comments from Leo Arriola, Nic Cheeseman, Donald Horowitz, Adrienne LeBas, Nic van de Walle, Harry Verhoeven, Andreas Wimmer, and four anony- mous reviewers at World Politics. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2009 meeting of the American Political Science Association in Toronto. -
Beyond Ethnicity: African Protests in an Age of Inequality
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Beyond Ethnicity: African Protests in an Age of Inequality A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science by Lisa Michele Mueller 2014 c Copyright by Lisa Mueller 2014 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Beyond Ethnicity: African Protests in an Age of Inequality by Lisa Michele Mueller Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science University of California, Los Angeles, 2014 Miriam Golden, Chair What explains African protests in an age of rising prosperity? I show that the main cause of the increasingly frequent urban protests that we observe in twenty-first century Africa is economic inequality despite substantial economic growth. Using cross-national statistical analyses of most African countries and original ethnographic and individual-level survey data from fieldwork in Niger, I find that African protests are driven largely by economic or material con- cerns, and less by ethnic antipathies or preferences for democracy. Examining different forms of inequality and grievance, I show that Africans are more likely to protest, all else equal, if they perceive their future economic opportunities as constricting instead of expanding. Economic or material concerns, however, are not sufficient to cause protest participation. Corroborating other scholars' research, I also find that social networks are important for mobilizing aggrieved people by providing solutions for coordination and cooperation problems. ii This dissertation of Lisa Michele Mueller is approved. Pierre Englebert Edmond Keller Daniel Posner Miriam Golden, Committee Chair University of California, Los Angeles 2014 iii Contents I Introduction 1 1 Prosperity and Protest in Africa 2 1.1 Does Ethnicity Cause Conflict in Africa? . -
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Aft er the August War: A New Strategy for U.S. Engagement with Georgia Lincoln Mitchell and Alexander Cooley THE HARRIMAN REVIEW May 2010 THE HARRIMAN REVIEW Volume 17, Numbers 3-4 May 2010 Special Double Issue After the August War: A New Strategy for U.S. Engagement with Georgia The Harriman Review would like to thank Matt hew Schaaf for his considerable assistance in putt ing together this special issue. THE HARRIMAN REVIEW, successor to The Harriman Institute Forum, is published quarterly by the Harriman Institute, Columbia University. Annual subscription rates: U.S. and Canada: $35.00 (1 year), $60.00 (2 years); elsewhere: $45.00 (1 year), $85.00 (2 years). Back issues: $10.00 (includes postage). Check or money order should be made payable to Columbia University. U.S. funds only. Send all orders, changes of address, and subscription inquiries to: The Harriman Review, 1216 International Aff airs Building, Columbia University, 420 West 118th Street, New York, New York 10027. FAX: (212) 666-3481. The Harriman Review is indexed by PAIS and ABSEES. Harriman Institute Timothy Frye, Director htt p://www.harriman.columbia.edu/ 420 West 118th Street, MC 3345, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 Lincoln Mitchell and Alexander Cooley After the August War: A New Strategy for U.S. Engagement with Georgia Harriman Institute Columbia University in the City of New York Copyright © 2010 by the Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York Harriman Institute Timothy Frye, Director Columbia University 420 West 118th Street New York, New York 10027 htt p://www.harriman.columbia.edu/ Contents List of Maps, Charts, and Tables 5 Acknowledgments 7 Executive Summary 9 Map of the Region 12 Introduction 13 1. -
BRITAIN and ALGERIA, 1945-1965 by Geoffrey Barei Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for Degree of Doctor
BRITAIN AND ALGERIA, 1945-1965 By Geoffrey Barei Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (History) University of London School of Oriental and African Studies 2003 ProQuest Number: 10672941 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10672941 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Acknowledgements Throughout various stages of this thesis, many people have made valuable criticisms and suggestions, and I am extremely grateful for their assistance. First, I would particularly like to express my extreme gratitude to Dr Michael Brett who supervised and guided this research throughout all its stages, and read the draft manuscript with great patience and made invaluable constructive comments and criticisms. Special thanks also go to lecturers and students of the History Department of the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) for the friendly help and advice they have given me throughout my years there. Of special mention, is the introductory course on research methods by Professor Richard Rathbone. Indeed, it was worth attending the sessions. -
Security Sector Governance in Francophone West Africa: Realities and Opportunities
Alan Bryden and Boubacar N’Diaye (Eds) Security Sector Governance in Francophone West Africa: Realities and Opportunities Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) LIT Security Sector Governance in Francophone West Africa: Realities and Opportunities edited by Alan Bryden and Boubacar N’Diaye LIT (Bibliographic information here) Contents Preface vii Foreword ix Abbreviations xi 1 Mapping Security Sector Governance in Francophone West Africa 1 Alan Bryden and Boubacar N’Diaye 2 Benin 17 Théodore C. Loko 3 Burkina Faso 45 Jean-Pierre Bayala 4 Côte d’Ivoire 73 Raphaël Ouattara 5 Guinea 95 Dominique Bangoura 6 Mali 125 Mahamadou Nimaga 7 Mauritania 151 Boubacar N’Diaye 8 Niger 177 Anonymous 9 Senegal 205 Niagale Bagayoko-Penone 10 Togo 229 Comi M. Toulabor 11 Entry Points for Security Sector Reform in Francophone 255 West Africa Alan Bryden and Boubacar N’Diaye List of Contributors 275 About DCAF 279 Preface These are defining moments for Africa. The ‘Arab spring’ in North Africa has in some cases overturned regimes that have held power for decades. In other cases, authorities have been impelled to embrace more participative modes of governance. Yet conflicts have also been unleashed that are causing widespread bloodshed and suffering. If these dynamics are evident across the continent, West Africa’s politico-security environment certainly seems to defy prediction. Since this research project was launched, Guinea and Niger’s political landscapes have shifted radically from entrenched authoritarian rule to military regimes of exception and now (following successful elections) to fledgling democratic dispensations. By contrast, elections that were meant to heal divisions in Cote d’Ivoire had the opposite effect as Laurent Gbagbo, until forcibly removed, sought illegitimately to hold onto power.