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Escuela De Ciencias De La Educación MODALIDAD ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN “Generaciones interactivas en Ecuador” Estudio realizado en las instituciones educativas, Liceo Joaquín Lalama, Liceo Americano, Colegio Fausto Molina en la ciudad de Ambato provincia de Tungurahua en el año 2011 TRABAJO DE FIN DE CARRERA PREVIO A LA OBTENCIÓN DEL TITULO DE LICENCIADO EN CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN. AUTOR: MENCIÓN: Urbina Gálvez Omar Marcelo Físico – Matemáticas DIRECTOR DEL PROYECTO DE INVESTIGACIÓN: Mgs. María Elvira Aguirre Burneo. DIRECTOR DEL TRABAJO FIN DE CARRERA: Mgs. Galo Rodrigo Guerrero Jiménez. PORTADA CENTRO UNIVERSITARIO AMBATO 2012 CERTIFICACIÓN Mgs. Galo Guerrero Jiménez. TUTOR DEL INFORME DE TRABAJO DE FIN DE CARRERA ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN U.T.P.L. C E R T I F I C A: Haber revisado el presente Informe de Trabajo de Fin de Carrera, que se ajusta a las normas establecidas por la Escuela de Ciencias de la Educación, Modalidad Abierta, de la Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja; por tanto, autoriza su presentación para los fines legales pertinentes. (f) __________________________ Loja, marzo del 2012 ii ACTA DE DECLARACIÓN Y CESIÓN DE DERECHOS Yo, Omar Marcelo Urbina Gálvez, declaro ser autor del presente Trabajo de Fin de Carrera y eximo expresamente a la Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja y a sus representantes legales de posibles reclamos o acciones legales. Adicionalmente declaro conocer y aceptar la disposición del Art. 67 del Estatuto Orgánico de la Universidad la propiedad intelectual de investigaciones, trabajos científicos o técnicos de tesis/trabajos de grado que se realicen a través, o con el apoyo financiero, académico o institucional (operativo) de la Universidad. (f) ______________________ Omar Marcelo Urbina Gálvez C.I. 1803118023 iii AUTORÍA: Las ideas y contenidos expuestos en el presente Informe de Trabajo de Fin de Carrera, son de exclusiva responsabilidad de su autor. (f) ______________________ Omar Marcelo Urbina Gálvez C.I. 1803118023 iv AGRADECIMIENTO Agradezco a todas las personas que han contribuido de una u otra manera a mi formación, tanto personal como profesional; en especial a mi Familia, ya que gracias a su esfuerzo, motivación y paciencia, que me han brindado he podido culminar con éxito este trabajo de investigación. Omar. v DEDICATORIA Con mucho cariño dedico la presente tesis: A Dios, el ser supremo que me ha permitido seguir adelante hacia una gran meta. A mis padres María y Marcelo, quienes han forjado en mí una persona de bien, siempre han estado brindándome su apoyo a pesar de las situaciones adversas de la vida. Todo lo que soy se lo debo a ellos. A mi esposa Myriam y mis hijos Omar Myriam y Dennis, quienes siempre ha estado conmigo apoyándome en cualquier circunstancia. A mi suegra Lidia por ser un gran apoyo en las dificultades y brindarme su aliento para seguir adelante. Gracias por tolerarme, por tanto tiempo. Omar. vi ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS PORTADA ................................................................................................................................ i CERTIFICACIÓN .................................................................................................................... ii ACTA DE DECLARACIÓN Y CESIÓN DE DERECHOS ...................................................... iii AUTORÍA: .............................................................................................................................. iv AGRADECIMIENTO ............................................................................................................... v DEDICATORIA ....................................................................................................................... vi ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS ................................................................................................... vii 1. RESUMEN ...................................................................................................................... 1 2. INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................................ 2 3. MARCO TEÓRICO ......................................................................................................... 7 3.1. Caracterización sociodemográfica ecuatoriana, del ámbito escolar y familiar. ..... 7 3.1.1. Entorno educativo, la comunidad educativa. ................................................... 8 3.1.2. La demanda de la educación en las TIC. ...................................................... 15 3.2. Niños y adolescentes ante las pantallas. .............................................................. 19 3.2.1. Investigaciones sobre las pautas de consumo sobre las pantallas entre los niños y adolescentes de 6 a 18 años. ......................................................................... 19 3.2.2. Los riesgos que plantean las Tics. ................................................................ 24 3.2.3. Las oportunidades que plantean las Tics. ..................................................... 28 3.3. Estudios e iniciativas sobre la protección del menor y del adolescente en el entorno de las Tics. ......................................................................................................... 33 3.3.1. Iniciativas en el ámbito de la regulación. ....................................................... 33 3.3.2. Iniciativas en el ámbito de la mediación familiar. .......................................... 36 3.3.3. Alfabetización en las Tics (iniciativa sobre media literacy) ........................... 44 4. METODOLOGÍA ........................................................................................................... 52 vii 4.1 Diseño de la investigación .................................................................................... 52 4.2 Participantes de la investigación ........................................................................... 53 4.3 Técnicas e instrumentos de investigación ............................................................ 53 4.4 Recursos ................................................................................................................ 54 5. INTERPRETACIÓN, ANÁLISIS Y DISCUSIÓN DE LOS RESULTADOS DEL CUESTIONARIO 1 ............................................................................................................... 56 5.1. Caracterización sociodemográfica ........................................................................ 57 5.1.1. Contexto sociocultural y biológico del niño ................................................... 57 5.2. Redes sociales y pantallas .................................................................................... 64 5.2.1. Uso de redes sociales relacionadas con la internet (facebook, twiter, hi 5, skype, e-mail, etc.) y pautas de consumo .................................................................... 64 5.2.2. Uso de pantallas (televisión, celular, video juegos, computador) y pautas de consumo........................................................................................................................ 65 5.2.3. Uso de las tecnologías e impacto (positivo-negativo) en el ámbito familiar y escolar ........................................................................................................................ 69 5.3. Redes sociales y mediación familiar ..................................................................... 71 5.3.1. Relación de las tecnologías con el entorno familiar ...................................... 71 5.3.2. Pautas de consumo relacionadas con las tecnologías en el entorno familiar .. ........................................................................................................................ 72 5.3.3. Tiempo dedicado a las tecnologías en relación a la familia.......................... 73 5.3.4. Relación de “poder adquisitivo” de la tecnología en la familia ...................... 73 5.4. Redes sociales y ámbito escolar .......................................................................... 74 5.4.1. Conocimiento y relación de las tecnologías con el ámbito escolar y familiar74 5.4.2. Uso de las tecnologías en relación al ámbito escolar y familiar ................... 75 5.4.3. Tiempo dedicado a las tecnologías en el ámbito escolar y familiar.............. 75 5.5. Redes sociales, riesgos y oportunidades ............................................................. 76 viii 5.5.1. Regulación y uso de las tecnologías ............................................................. 76 5.5.2. Mediación familiar en relación a la tecnología .............................................. 77 5.5.3. Acceso a las tecnologías en función del uso-utilidad.................................... 78 6. INTERPRETACIÓN, ANÁLISIS Y DISCUSIÓN DE LOS RESULTADOS DEL CUESTIONARIO 2 ............................................................................................................... 79 6.1. Caracterización sociodemográfica ........................................................................ 79 6.1.1. Con texto sociocultural y biológico del adolescente y joven ......................... 91 6.2. Redes sociales y pantallas .................................................................................... 95 6.2.1. Uso de redes sociales relacionadas con la internet (faceboock, twiter, hi 5, skype, e-mail, etc.) y pautas de consumo .................................................................... 95 6.2.2. Uso de pantallas ( televisión, celular, video juegos, computador) y pautas de consumo.......................................................................................................................
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