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Dissertation / Doctoral Thesis DISSERTATION / DOCTORAL THESIS Titel der Dissertation /Title of the Doctoral Thesis „Edmund BERNATZIK – Leben, Wirken und Werk“ verfasst von / submitted by Mag. Christian REINHARDT angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doktor der Rechtswissenschaften (Dr. iur.) Wien, 2017 / Vienna 2017 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A >083 101< degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt / Doktoratsstudium der Rechtswissenschaften degree programme as it appears on the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: Ao. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Christian NESCHWARA 1 Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort ....................................................... 7 I. Leben .................................................... 10 A. Familie ...................................................... 10 B. Kindheit und Jugend ............................................ 12 C. Studienzeit ................................................... 14 D. Militärdienst .................................................. 15 E. Berufliche Laufbahn ............................................ 16 F. Tod ........................................................ 16 G. Bernatziks politische Einstellung und Überzeugungen ..................... 17 II. Wirken .................................................. 21 A. Im Justizdienst ................................................ 21 B. Als Universitätslehrer ........................................... 23 1. Forschungsaufenthalt in Straßburg ........................................................................................ 23 2. Habilitation in Wien .............................................................................................................. 23 3. Privatdozent in Wien ............................................................................................................. 23 4. Supplent in Innsbruck ............................................................................................................ 25 5. Ordinarius in Basel ................................................................................................................ 26 6. Ordinarius in Graz ................................................................................................................. 27 7. Ordinarius in Wien ................................................................................................................ 28 8. Exkurs: Bernatzik und Kelsen ............................................................................................... 30 C. Als „Frauenrechtler“ ............................................ 33 1. Frauen und Studium – ein historischer Überblick ................................................................. 33 a) Mittelalter .......................................................................................................................... 33 b) Frühe Neuzeit .................................................................................................................... 34 c) Entwicklung im 19. Jahrhundert ........................................................................................ 35 aa) Politische Frauenbewegung im Allgemeinen und in Österreich im Speziellen ........ 35 bb) Wirtschaftliche Gründe der Frauenbewegung ........................................................... 36 cc) Verwirklichung höherer Bildung für Frauen ............................................................. 37 2. Frauenstudium an den Universitäten ..................................................................................... 38 3. Argumente gegen das Frauenstudium ................................................................................... 38 4. Die Frage des Frauenstudiums in Österreich ......................................................................... 41 a) Frauen an der Universität Wien ......................................................................................... 41 b) Gutachten des Akademischen Senats 1873 über das Frauenstudium ................................ 42 2 aa) Anlass ........................................................................................................................ 42 bb) Rechtliche Grundlagen ............................................................................................. 43 5. Die Frage der Zulassung von Frauen an der juridischen Fakultät Wien ............................... 44 a) Das Gutachten Bernatziks ................................................................................................. 44 aa) Rechtliche Argumente ............................................................................................... 44 bb) Sonstige Argumente .................................................................................................. 45 cc) Bernatziks Gutachten aus heutiger Sicht ................................................................... 49 6. Die Verwirklichung der Zulassung von Frauen zur juridischen Fakultät .............................. 51 a) Vorbereitende Phase bis 1916 ........................................................................................... 51 aa) Aktionen im öffentlichen Bereich ............................................................................. 51 bb) Private Initiativen: Die Rechtsakademie für Frauen .................................................. 52 b) Die allgemeine Zulassung von Frauen an den österreichischen Fakultäten für Rechts- und Staatswissenschaften (1919) ...................................................................................................... 53 aa) Rechtsstudien ............................................................................................................. 53 bb) Staatswissenschaften ................................................................................................. 54 7. Motive Bernatziks für sein Gutachten ................................................................................... 55 8. Exkurs: Der Frauenanteil an der Universität Wien ............................................................... 57 a) An der Universität insgesamt ............................................................................................ 57 b) An der Juristischen Fakultät .............................................................................................. 58 9. Bewertung von Bernatziks Rolle als „Frauenrechtler“.......................................................... 59 D. Als Verwaltungsreformexperte ..................................... 60 1. Die Notwendigkeit von Verwaltungsreformen nach 1900 .................................................... 60 a) Die Grundlagen der Verfassung seit 1867 ......................................................................... 60 b) Reformbedarf ..................................................................................................................... 61 2. Die Schaffung einer Kommission zur Förderung der Verwaltungsreform 1911 .................. 62 a) Auftrag und Tätigkeitsbereich ........................................................................................... 62 b) Mitglieder .......................................................................................................................... 64 c) Funktionsdauer .................................................................................................................. 65 d) Büro der Kommission ....................................................................................................... 65 e) Arbeitsweise der Kommission ........................................................................................... 67 f) Konstituierung der Kommission ........................................................................................ 69 g) Geschäftsordnung und Arbeitsplan ................................................................................... 70 h) Ausschüsse ........................................................................................................................ 72 i) Ständiges Komitee ............................................................................................................. 73 j) Tätigkeiten und Ergebnisse 1911/12 ................................................................................. 73 aa) Sitzungen der Ausschüsse ......................................................................................... 73 3 bb) Sitzungen der Ausschüsse ......................................................................................... 75 k) Enquete-Ausschuss ............................................................................................................ 76 l) Ergebnisse 1911/12 ........................................................................................................... 78 m) Tätigkeiten und Ergebnisse 1912/13 ................................................................................. 80 n) Tätigkeiten und Ergebnisse 1913/14 ................................................................................. 89 o) Einstellung der Tätigkeit der Kommission ........................................................................ 95 3. Bernatziks Rolle in der Verwaltungsreformkommission ...................................................... 97 4. Exkurs: Auswirkungen der Kommission auf Verwaltungsreformprojekte in der ersten Republik ........................................................................................................................................ 98 III.
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