The Censorship of History and Fact-Finding in Brazil (1964−2018) Antoon De Baets Å

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Censorship of History and Fact-Finding in Brazil (1964−2018) Antoon De Baets Å Chapter 3 The Censorship of History and Fact-Finding in Brazil (1964−2018) Antoon De Baets å History was censored in multiple ways in Brazil between 1964 and 2018, and specifically between 1964 and 1985, the period of the mil- itary dictatorship. In a broad sense, history encompasses not only the work of historians but also the work of truth commissions and similar initiatives. These commissions, in producing reports about past injustices, often act as protohistorians who write a first draft of history. This brief overview, consequently, provides some insight into the constraints within which historians and fact-finders had to work in Brazil.1 It mines a database of cases of censorship of history that was compiled over the last three decades and covers most countries in the world for the postwar period until today. Part of it is available on the website of the Network of Concerned Historians. This summary overview is far from exhaustive but sufficiently representative to give a reliable impression of the restrictions placed on historians and human rights data collectors in Brazil since 1964. Historical Writing The military coup of 1964 installed a dictatorship that would last until 1985, although a period of relaxation was initiated in 1979. This was a time of harsh repression, especially during the first decade when the work climate in the universities abruptly changed. Hours after the military coup on 31 March 1964, Eremildo Luiz Viana, historian and director of the National School of Philosophy of the University of Brazil in Rio de Janeiro, occupied Radio MEC (the radio of the Ministry of Education and Culture) with the support of military troops. The radio’s director, historian Maria Yedda Linhares of the same univer- sity, was removed from her post on the accusation of being a ‘fanatic communist’ and of ‘having invited two known communists to be her The Censorship of History and Fact-Finding in Brazil 69 instructors’, including historian Hugo Weiss (who was dismissed him- self). A commission of inquiry, created in May 1964 to investigate this alleged communist infiltration, did not find any evidence. The university’s historians, however, would experience an atmosphere of denouncement and persecution until 1979, when the historians who had been expelled together with Linhares – Eulália Lahmeyer Lobo, a historian of the Americas living in exile, and Manoel Maurício de Albuquerque (Weiss was by now deceased) – were rehabilitated.2 Linhares herself was subjected to seven investigations by the mil- itary police. At a certain moment, she received permission to work in France and Britain. After her return in 1965, she participated in the anti-dictatorial movement. She was then arrested and imprisoned three times. In addition, she was dismissed in April 1969 under Ato Institucional 5 (Institutional Act 5, a military decree) of December 1968. Following protests from French historians, she was released and she went into exile in France where she worked as a historian until 1974. After her return, she was unemployed until 1977 when she started working as a historian of Brazilian agriculture. In the 1980s and 1990s she twice became secretary of education under the governor of Rio de Janeiro.3 A famous episode of history textbook censorship began in February 1964, just weeks before the military coup, and exploded in the weeks after it. The Ministry of Education and Culture had published five volumes of a new ten-volume history textbook series for secondary schools, História nova do Brasil (A New History of Brazil). The books had been written by a group of mostly young history teachers under the supervision of General Nélson Werneck Sodré. Sodré was a Marxist military historian and head of the history department at the Instituto Superior de Estudos Brasileiros (ISEB; Higher Institute of Brazilian Studies). He was considered by many as the official historian of the Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB; Brazilian Communist Party). The controversial textbook series focused on the Brazilian people and emphasized the economic dimension of history. Several newspapers and television channels gave voice to fierce protest against the plan to make the textbook obligatory reading throughout Brazil. In March, ISEB’s premises were broken into, and documents relevant to future volumes stolen. Then came the coup. A decision to reprint two vol- umes that were out of stock and publish subsequent volumes with the Editora Brasiliense in São Paulo met with a hostile reception. The books were indeed edited but seized afterwards because they were said to blacken national heroes and propagate Marxist ideas. As they were deemed subversive, the ministry now withdrew its support. The 70 Antoon De Baets military police investigated the matter, imprisoned and tortured the textbook authors and deprived them of all opportunities to lecture. With the exception of Sodré, they were exiled for many years. The textbooks were confiscated from bookshops, burned and banned, and the ISEB was closed.4 According to my estimate, in 1964 alone, at least nineteen profes- sional historians were dismissed, persecuted or exiled, especially those suspected of left-wing sympathies. The newly installed military cen- sorship affected contemporary history above all: the government did not welcome unofficial analytical studies of current conditions, and publishers consequently shifted to more distant history or issued little on contemporary Brazil. In 1972, for example, journalist and historian Hélio Silva, director of the Centro de Memória Social Brasileira (Centre for Brazilian Social Memory), interrupted the chronological order of the publication plan of his multivolume series on twentieth-century Brazilian political history, in order to avoid description of the sensitive Getúlio Vargas years (1930–45 and 1951–54), especially the period between 1937 and 1945 during which the Vargas government, inspired by Portugal’s Estado Novo (New State), had taken an authoritarian turn. Instead, a volume about the year 1889 (when Brazil turned from an empire into a republic) appeared. Later, in 1977, Silva was one of the intellectuals who presented an anti-censorship petition to the minister of justice.5 Many of the leading historians did not escape the dictator’s grip. Four of the better-known cases were those involving Jânio Quadros, Celso Furtado, José Honório Rodrigues and Caio Prado Jr. Quadros, a lawyer, historian and former president of Brazil (serving in 1961), was deprived of his political rights from 1964 to 1979. Nevertheless, História do povo brasileiro (History of the Brazilian People), a six-volume work of which he was the co-editor, was allowed to be published in São Paulo in 1967. In spite of this, he spent four months in internal exile in 1968 because of his public statements. After the dictatorship, he made a comeback as the mayor of São Paulo.6 Furtado was a dependency economist internationally renowned for his retrospective studies. A minister of planning before the coup, he was forced out of his post and expelled. He went into exile and became a professor at the Sorbonne in Paris. Meanwhile, his work La economía iberoamericana desde la conquista ibérica hasta la revolución cubana (The Ibero-American Economy from the Iberian Conquest until the Cuban Revolution) was banned in Chile after Pinochet’s coup in 1973. Furtado was granted amnesty in 1979 and returned to Brazil, where he eventually became minister of culture.7 Around the time of the 1964 coup, director of The Censorship of History and Fact-Finding in Brazil 71 the National Archives and historian of historiography José Honório Rodrigues was also removed from his post; he went to the United States for brief stints. Despite dire circumstances, he remained a pro- lific author. His collection of essays, História combatente (Combative History), published in 1982 when dictatorial control had become weaker, included previously banned articles on the role of chance in the historical process and the military in the era of Pedro I (1822–31).8 As early as the Vargas era, communist historian and politician Caio Prado Jr had clashed with the powers that be, for which he suffered frequent harassment, interrogation and imprisonment before 1964. His 1966 book A revolução brasileira (The Brazilian Revolution) was understood to have inspired a new generation of urban guerrillas. In 1968, he competed for a chair of Brazilian history, with a thesis entitled História e desenvolvimento: A contribuição da historiografia para a teoria e prática do desenvolvimento brasileiro (History and Development: The Contribution of Historiography to the Theory and Practice of Brazilian Development). According to many, Prado was the best candidate but the contest was never completed because of political interference. In the same year, he was deprived of his political rights and sentenced by a military court to four years and six months of imprisonment for a ‘subversive’ interview in a student magazine. The court was report- edly in doubt about whether the word ‘struggle’ used in the interview actually meant ‘armed struggle’. The sentence was reduced on appeal. Eventually, Prado was imprisoned for almost eighteen months until his acquittal by the Supreme Military Court in 1971.9 Many students and staff of the history and geography department of São Paulo University were purged under the dictatorship. They were accused of participating in so-called ‘parity committees for edu- cational reform’, set up in 1968. One of the victims was Maria Emília Viotti da Costa. In an inquest carried out in 1969, the military police of São Paulo accused her of spreading subversive propaganda in her classes. She was dismissed.10 In protest against this mass dismissal of his colleagues in 1969, leading historian Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, author of Raízes do Brasil (Roots of Brazil; twenty-two editions by 1995), resigned from his post as a professor of the history of Brazilian civilization. Later he declared that, in the absence of a free press, he wanted the departmental minutes to bear witness to these arbitrary official acts.
Recommended publications
  • In Search of the Amazon: Brazil, the United States, and the Nature of A
    IN SEARCH OF THE AMAZON AMERICAN ENCOUNTERS/GLOBAL INTERACTIONS A series edited by Gilbert M. Joseph and Emily S. Rosenberg This series aims to stimulate critical perspectives and fresh interpretive frameworks for scholarship on the history of the imposing global pres- ence of the United States. Its primary concerns include the deployment and contestation of power, the construction and deconstruction of cul- tural and political borders, the fluid meanings of intercultural encoun- ters, and the complex interplay between the global and the local. American Encounters seeks to strengthen dialogue and collaboration between histo- rians of U.S. international relations and area studies specialists. The series encourages scholarship based on multiarchival historical research. At the same time, it supports a recognition of the represen- tational character of all stories about the past and promotes critical in- quiry into issues of subjectivity and narrative. In the process, American Encounters strives to understand the context in which meanings related to nations, cultures, and political economy are continually produced, chal- lenged, and reshaped. IN SEARCH OF THE AMAzon BRAZIL, THE UNITED STATES, AND THE NATURE OF A REGION SETH GARFIELD Duke University Press Durham and London 2013 © 2013 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper ♾ Designed by Heather Hensley Typeset in Scala by Tseng Information Systems, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in - Publication Data Garfield, Seth. In search of the Amazon : Brazil, the United States, and the nature of a region / Seth Garfield. pages cm—(American encounters/global interactions) Includes bibliographical references and index.
    [Show full text]
  • SETH W. GARFIELD Department of History University of Texas at Austin [email protected]
    SETH W. GARFIELD Department of History University of Texas at Austin [email protected] EMPLOYMENT The University of Texas at Austin —Professor, Department of History, 2014- —Director, Institute for Historical Studies, 2013-2017 —Director, Brazil Center, LLILAS, 2018- —Associate Professor, 2004-14 —Assistant Professor, 2001-04 Bowdoin College —Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of History, 1997-2001 Yale University —Lecturer, Department of History and Director of Undergraduate Studies, Latin American Studies, 1996-97 RESEARCH INTERESTS History of Brazil; Indigenous Studies; Environmental History; Race and Ethnic Studies; Migration; Comparative Frontiers; Commodity History; History of Food and Drugs EDUCATION —Ph.D., Yale University, History, 1996 —M.Phil., Yale University, History, 1993 —M.A., Yale University, History, 1992 —B.A., Yale University, History and Latin American Studies, 1988 —Summa Cum Laude, Phi Beta Kappa, Distinction in Major ACADEMIC GRANTS AND FELLOWSHIPS —LLILAS Faculty Research Leave, Fall 2019 —Fellow of John E. Green Regents Professorship in History, January- August 2015 —University of Texas Institute for Historical Studies Fellowship, 2010-11 —University of Texas Faculty Research Assignment, 2004, 2009, 2017 —Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Faculty Fellowship in Latin American Studies, 2001; 2006-2010, 2012-15 —Rockefeller Archive Center Research Grant, 2007 —University Co-operative Society Subvention Grant, 2006 —University of Texas, Department of History Scholarly Activities Grant, 2005-10 —National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowship, 2004-05 —Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute Research Grant, Summer 2003 —University of Texas at Austin Dean’s Fellowship, Fall 2002 Garfield 1 —University of Texas at Austin Summer Research Assignment, Summer 2002 —American Historical Association, Allbert Beveridge Research Grant, 2001 —Bowdoin College Faculty Summer Research Grant, 1998; 1999; 2000 —NEH Summer Institute, "Crossroads of Atlantic Cultures: Brazil at 500," 1998 —Andrew W.
    [Show full text]
  • Getúlio Vargas Fez Os Estudos Primários Na Sua Cidade Natal
    VARGAS, Getúlio *dep. fed. RS 1923-1926-; min. Faz. 1926-1927; pres. RS 1928-1930; rev. 1930; pres. Rep. 1930-1945; const. 1946; sen. RS 1946-1949; pres. Rep. 1951-1954. Getúlio Dornelles Vargas nasceu em São Borja (RS) no dia 19 de abril de 1882, filho de Manuel do Nascimento Vargas e de Cândida Dornelles Vargas. Ainda jovem, alterou o ano de nascimento para 1883, fato somente descoberto durante a comemoração de seu centenário. Em dezembro de 1902, ao realizar exames preparatórios para o curso de direito, Vargas declarou — provavelmente pela primeira vez — uma idade diferente da real. Mais tarde, ao ingressar na Faculdade de Direito de Porto Alegre, em março de 1904, alterou o ano de nascimento para 1883, apresentando uma certidão militar comprovadamente rasurada. Desde então, constou em registros e documentos oficiais, artigos e livros sobre sua pessoa, o ano de 1883 como o de seu nascimento. Vargas era descendente de uma família politicamente proeminente em São Borja, região de fronteira com a Argentina, palco de rumorosas lutas no século XIX. Seu avô paterno, Evaristo José Vargas, lutou como soldado voluntário da República de Piratini durante a Guerra dos Farrapos. Foi casado com Luísa Maria Teresa Vargas, com quem teve 14 filhos. Os avós maternos, Serafim Dornelles e Umbelina Dornelles, pertenciam a uma família tradicional, descendente de imigrantes portugueses dos Açores. Serafim Dornelles foi major de milícias, próspero comerciante e também um dos mais ricos estancieiros de São Borja. O pai de Getúlio, Manuel do Nascimento Vargas, combateu na Guerra do Paraguai, distinguindo-se como herói militar.
    [Show full text]
  • Prêmio Vitor Mateus Teixeira
    PRÊMIO VITOR MATEUS TEIXEIRA VENCEDORES 2011 PPPORTO ALEGRE 2011 Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul Palácio Farroupilha - Praça Marechal Deodoro, 101 Porto Alegre, RS – CEP 90010-300 - Brasil Fone: (51) 3210 2000 http://www.al.rs.gov.br Dados Internacionais de catalogação na fonte (CIP – Brasil) R585p Rio Grande do Sul. Assembleia Legislativa PrêmioVitor Mateus Teixeira : vencedores 2011 / Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul ; organização Divisão de Biblioteca. --. Porto Alegre: CORAG, 2011. --. 74 p. : il. Contém dados biográficos. 1. Prêmio artístico. I. Título. II. Teixeira, Vitor Mateus. CDU 869.0(816.5) CDU: edição média em língua portuguesa Biblioteca Borges de Medeiros/ ALRS Sônia D. Santos Brambilla CRB-10/1679 Projeto: Divisão de Prêmios - DRPAC/ALRS Realização: Departamento de Relações Públicas e Atividades Cultu- rais - DRPAC / ALRS Capa: Vanessa Thalheimer Revisão: Divisão de Prêmios / DRPAC Organização: Divisão de Biblioteca / DRPAC As fotografias e os textos sobre os premiados foram cedidos pelos biografados. Impressão: Companhia Rio-grandense de Artes Gráficas - CORAG ASSEMBLEIA LEGISLATIVA DO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL MESA 2011 PRESIDENTE: Dep. Adão Villaverde - PT 1º VICE-PRESIDENTE: Dep. José Sperotto - PTB 2º VICE-PRESIDENTE: Dep. Frederico Antunes - PP 1º SECRETÁRIO: Dep. Alexandre Postal - PMDB 2º SECRETÁRIO: Dep. Alceu Barbosa - PDT 3a SECRETÁRIA: Dep. Zilá Breitenbach - PSDB 4º SECRETÁRIO: Dep. Catarina Paladini - PSB 1º SUPLENTE DE SECRETÁRIO - Valdeci Oliveira 2º SUPLENTE
    [Show full text]
  • Ficha Descritiva Dos Territórios De Atuação Do Projeto Pró-Espéices
    Attachment Descriptive files for the territories selected to be a part of the GEF Pró-Espécies Project Sumário Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 Description of Territory 1 – Amazon Marabá ................................................................... 2 1.1 Characteristics of Territory 1 – Amazon Marabá ................................................ 3 1.2 Socioeconomic characteristics of Territory 1 – Amazon Marabá...................... 12 Description of Territory 2 – Amazon Vitória Xingu ......................................................... 18 1.3 Characteristics of Territory 2 – Amazon Vitória Xingu ...................................... 18 1.4 Socioeconomic characteristics of Territory 2 – Amazon Vitória Xingu ............. 22 Description of Territory 4 – Amazon Manaus ................................................................ 28 1.5 Characteristics of Territory 4 – Amazon Manaus ............................................. 29 1.6 Socioeconomic characteristics of Territory 9 – Amazon Manaus ..................... 33 Description of Territory 9 – Cerrado Formosa ............................................................... 38 1.7 Characteristics of Territory 9 – Cerrado Formosa ............................................ 39 1.8 Socioeconomic characteristics of Territory 9 – Cerrado Formosa .................... 46 Description of Territory 10 – Cerrado Atlantic Forest Central Minas ............................. 51 1.9 Characteristics
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating the Bicycle-Sharing System in a Medium-Sized City Located in the South of Brazil
    International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Volume 7 • Number 5 • May 2017 Evaluating the Bicycle-Sharing System in a Medium-Sized City Located in the South of Brazil Paola Pol Saraiva Master’s student in Architecture and Urbanism Stricto Sensu Graduate Program in Architecture and Urbanism PPGARQ, IMED Passo Fundo, Brazil Lauro André Ribeiro Associate Professor Stricto Sensu Graduate Program in Architecture and Urbanism PPGARQ, IMED Passo Fundo, Brazil Alcindo Neckel Associate Professor Stricto Sensu Graduate Program in Architecture and Urbanism PPGARQ, IMED Passo Fundo, Brazil Richard Thomas Lermen Associate Professor bStricto Sensu Graduate Program in Civil Engineering – PPGEC IMED. Passo Fundo, Brazil Juliano Lima da Silva Master’s student in Architecture and Urbanism Stricto Sensu Graduate Program in Architecture and Urbanism PPGARQ, IMED Passo Fundo, Brazil Abstract Seeking new solutions to urban mobility problems, the City of Passo Fundo, located in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, recently implemented a bicycle-sharing system named "Passo Fundo: Vai de Bici (Goes by bike)". The general objective of this study is to analyze this new system and diagnose its performance on the first months of operation, as well to characterize the bicycle stations and their surroundings by trying to identify the regions with greater and lesser potential for cycling trips. Results presented in this work provide an initial overview of the operating system by highlighting the characteristics that influence the use of each station. They also present some possible future challenges, such as the need for stations in areas of the city that are not yet covered by this system, and stations that may receive more bicycles due to high demand.
    [Show full text]
  • Deus É Brasileiro! Mas Que Brasileiro? God Is Brazilian! but What Kind of Brazilian? ¡Dios Es Brasileño! ¿ Pero Qué Brasile
    26 GÊNERO E RELIGIÃO NAS ARTES Deus é brasileiro! statements about “who God is” and how such statements are related to traditional Mas que brasileiro? masculine gender constructions. Finally, the article discusses how issues of masculinity André Sidnei Musskopf* and religion have been approached in recent studies and points to the need for other ways RESUMO of imagining God that are related to the peo- Este artigo investiga o modo como Deus é re- ple’s experience. presentado em músicas populares brasileiras. Keywords: Masculinity – Images of God – Dá uma introdução geral sobre a cultura bra- Religion – Popular culture – Brazilian popular sileira mostrando como a religião é parte das music. construções identitárias de brasileiros e brasi- leiras e como ela é marcada pela multipli- ¡Dios es brasileño! ¿ cidade, pelo sincretismo e pela hibridação. Analisa, então, duas músicas populares que Pero qué brasileño? fazem afirmações explícitas sobre “quem Deus é” e como estas afirmações estão rela- RESUMEN cionadas com construções de gênero mascu- Este artículo investiga cómo Dios es repre- linas tradicionais. Finalmente, o artigo discute sentado en las músicas populares brasileñas; como questões de masculinidade e religião presenta una introducción general a la cultura têm sido abordadas em estudos recentes e brasileña, mostrando cómo la religión forma aponta para a necessidade de outras formas parte de las construcciones identitarias de de imaginar Deus que estejam relacionadas brasileños y brasileñas y como ella está mar- com a experiência das pessoas. cada por la multiplicidad, el sincretismo y la Palavras-chave: Masculinidade – Imagens de hibridación; analiza, así, dos músicas popula- Deus – Religião – Cultura popular – Música res en las que aparecen afirmaciones explíci- popular brasileira.
    [Show full text]
  • De Porto Alegre Nas Áreas Do Audiovisual, Teatro E Música Popular, Entre 1975 E 1985
    Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social “Dançar nos fez pular o muro” Um estudo antropológico sobre a profissionalização na produção artística em Porto Alegre (1975-1985) Nicole Isabel dos Reis Trabalho apresentado como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Antropologia Social. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Bernardo Lewgoy Porto Alegre, Abril de 2005. Resumo Esta pesquisa trata do processo de profissionalização na produção artística entre jovens de Porto Alegre nas áreas do audiovisual, teatro e música popular, entre 1975 e 1985. Através de um ponto de vista antropológico, procura-se relativizar a unidade da categoria “profissão” no fazer artístico, buscando uma compreensão dos trânsitos entre as áreas de produção e sua configuração numa rede de cooperação nos moldes de um art world tal como proposto por Becker (1982). Esta dissertação pretende, assim, desvelar algumas maneiras pelas quais alguns projetos sociais de camadas médias na Porto Alegre do final do período da ditadura militar no Brasil tornaram-se caminhos alternativos que permitiram a ascensão ao mercado de uma nova “geração de produtores de arte”. 2 Abstract This research deals with the process of profissionalization in the artistic production among young people in Porto Alegre, in the areas of audiovisual, theater and popular music, from 1975 to 1985. Through an anthropological point of view, the unity of the category “profession” is an object of relativisation, in the search of a comprehension of the transits between the production areas and its configuration in a network of cooperation such as Becker’s proposal of an “art world” (1982).
    [Show full text]
  • BRAZIL's “BATTLE for RUBBER” of WORLD WAR II a Dissertation
    TAPPING THE AMAZON FOR VICTORY: BRAZIL’S “BATTLE FOR RUBBER” OF WORLD WAR II A dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Of Georgetown University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In History By Xenia Vunovic Wilkinson, M.A. Washington D.C. December 2, 2009 Copyright 2009 by Xenia Vunovic Wilkinson All Rights Reserved ii TAPPING THE AMAZON FOR VICTORY: BRAZIL’S “BATTLE FOR RUBBER” OF WORLD WAR II Xenia Vunovic Wilkinson Dissertation Adviser: Erick D. Langer, PhD. ABSTRACT Japan’s occupation of Southeast Asia in early 1942 cut off more than 90 percent of the global rubber supply to the World War II Allies. Without an adequate supply of this strategic material to meet military-industrial requirements, it was impossible to win the war. The Roosevelt Administration concluded that the success of the Allied war effort could depend on increasing the productivity of rubber tappers who extracted latex from rubber trees dispersed throughout Amazonian rainforests. In response to Roosevelt’s appeal, Brazil’s President, Getúlio Vargas, organized a “Battle for Rubber” to increase rubber production in the Amazon. The authoritarian Brazilian government recruited around 30,000 “rubber soldiers,” mainly from the arid Northeast, and sent them to work on Amazonian rubber estates. This study explores the dynamics of global, national, and regional actors as they converged and interacted with Amazonian society in the Battle for Rubber. Migrant rubber tappers, Amazonian rubber elites, indigenous groups, North American technical advisers, Brazilian government agencies, and the Roosevelt Administration were linked in a wartime enterprise to increase rubber production.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Os Vandrés Do Sertão: Música Sertaneja, Ufanismo E Reconstruções Da Memória Na Redemocratização
    Estudos Ibero-Americanos ISSN: 0101-4064 [email protected] Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Brasil Alonso, Gustavo Os Vandrés do sertão: Música sertaneja, ufanismo e reconstruções da memória na redemocratização Estudos Ibero-Americanos, vol. 43, núm. 2, mayo-agosto, 2017, pp. 458-471 Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brasil Disponível em: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=134651133017 Como citar este artigo Número completo Sistema de Informação Científica Mais artigos Rede de Revistas Científicas da América Latina, Caribe , Espanha e Portugal Home da revista no Redalyc Projeto acadêmico sem fins lucrativos desenvolvido no âmbito da iniciativa Acesso Aberto HISTÓRIA, COTIDIANO E MEMÓRIA SOCIAL – a vida comum sob as ditaduras no século XX http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-864X.2017.2.25062 Os Vandrés do sertão: Música sertaneja, ufanismo e reconstruções da memória na redemocratização Sertaneja music, protests, dictatorship and politics of memory Música sertaneja, protestas, dictadura y políticas de la memoria Gustavo Alonso* Resumo: A música sertaneja foi, em grande parte, embora não somente, marcada pelo apoio ao regime ditatorial inaugurado em 1964. Assim como a quase totalidade dos gêneros musicais brasileiros, muitos artistas sertanejos apoiaram ufanistamente o regime. Este artigo visa mostrar como os músicos sertanejos reconstruíram sua relação com a memória do período ditatorial, especialmente a partir dos anos 1980, quando se engajaram no processo de redemocratização, apagando laços com o passado apologeta. Mesmo fazendo tal percurso comum a quase totalidade da sociedade brasileira, os sertanejos não conseguiram ser vistos como artistas “politizados” e permaneceram com a pecha de “adesistas” por longos anos, tema que será problematizado neste artigo.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Mathematics Education in Brazil: an Overview of Secondary Education
    The Mathematics Enthusiast Volume 18 Number 3 Number 3 Article 2 8-2021 History of Mathematics Education in Brazil: an overview of secondary education Maria Laura Magalhães Gomes Antonio Vicente Marafioti Garnica Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/tme Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Magalhães Gomes, Maria Laura and Marafioti Garnica, Antonio Vicente (2021) "History of Mathematics Education in Brazil: an overview of secondary education," The Mathematics Enthusiast: Vol. 18 : No. 3 , Article 2. Available at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/tme/vol18/iss3/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Mathematics Enthusiast by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TME, vol. 18, no. 3, p. 352 History of Mathematics Education in Brazil: an overview of secondary education Maria Laura Magalhães Gomes1 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Antonio Vicente Marafioti Garnica Universidade Estadual Paulista Abstract: The field of the history of mathematics education, inscribed in the field of research on mathematics education in Brazil, has been developed as a result of the work of many groups of researchers, dedicated to varied themes under the light of various theoretical and methodological approaches. While it is impossible to describe in detail such studies in a single article, the objective of this text is to offer an overview of research results on a specific topic – mathematics in secondary education and training of teachers to teach at this level, over the years.
    [Show full text]
  • Assimilation and Crisis in the Construction of Brazil
    Journal of Historical Archaeology & Anthropological Sciences Review Article Open Access From the imigrantist project to the national project: assimilation and crisis in the construction of Brazil Abstract Volume 4 Issue 2 - 2019 This paper aims to present a brief history of immigrants’ project in Brazil and its attempt to 1,2 weed out the considered Brazilian racial problem. To better understand the entire foreign Nara Maria Carlos de Santana insertion process and immigration policy support, this work will focus on briefly the 1Lecturer, Federal Center for Technological Education of Rio de immigrants’ design and construction of the idea of ​​nation/Brazilianness and citizenship, Janeiro, Brazil linked to imigrantism, published and defended a project assimilation and welding. From this 2Post-Doctorate, Department of Political History, Universidade rapid history, I will consider the occupation and the integration of foreigners in the country Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil and the difficulty of assimilation, the issue of eugenics and finally as the nationalizing policy of the Estado Novo and the regime’s concern with the problem of ethnic, linguistic Correspondence: Nara Maria Carlos de Santana, Post- and cultural that had settled in the country. Thus, the work deals with the period from the Doctorate, Department of Political History, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil, Tel 5502125684911, empire to Brazil 30 years of the twentieth century, with the method a qualitative analysis 5021983132266, Email of secondary sources. Keywords:
    [Show full text]