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How Superman Developed Into a Jesus Figure
HOW SUPERMAN DEVELOPED INTO A JESUS FIGURE CRISIS ON INFINITE TEXTS: HOW SUPERMAN DEVELOPED INTO A JESUS FIGURE By ROBERT REVINGTON, B.A., M.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts McMaster University © Copyright by Robert Revington, September 2018 MA Thesis—Robert Revington; McMaster University, Religious Studies McMaster University MASTER OF ARTS (2018) Hamilton, Ontario, Religious Studies TITLE: Crisis on Infinite Texts: How Superman Developed into a Jesus Figure AUTHOR: Robert Revington, B.A., M.A (McMaster University) SUPERVISOR: Professor Travis Kroeker NUMBER OF PAGES: vi, 143 ii MA Thesis—Robert Revington; McMaster University, Religious Studies LAY ABSTRACT This thesis examines the historical trajectory of how the comic book character of Superman came to be identified as a Christ figure in popular consciousness. It argues that this connection was not integral to the character as he was originally created, but was imposed by later writers over time and mainly for cinematic adaptations. This thesis also tracks the history of how Christians and churches viewed Superman, as the film studios began to exploit marketing opportunities by comparing Superman and Jesus. This thesis uses the methodological framework of intertextuality to ground its treatment of the sources, but does not follow all of the assumptions of intertextual theorists. iii MA Thesis—Robert Revington; McMaster University, Religious Studies ABSTRACT This thesis examines the historical trajectory of how the comic book character of Superman came to be identified as a Christ figure in popular consciousness. Superman was created in 1938, but the character developed significantly from his earliest incarnations. -
Biblical Interpretation in the Age of Superheroes by Nicholaus Pumphrey
Biblical Interpretation in the Age of Superheroes By Nicholaus Pumphrey In 1938 Superman literally jumped off the pages of a comic book and into American culture. The world’s strongest and soon to be most famous superhero was created within the context of a nation suffering from the Great Depression and on the verge of entering a global war. How does this super-being impact American culture and does he influence how we read the Bible? Action Comics No. 1, 1938. Within five years, over 70 million people would be reading comic books about Superman or related to him. Superman’s debut in Action Comics #1 was followed by his appearance on radio, in cartoons, and eventually in movies and on television. While comic books have had ups and downs in sales, the superhero related medium has had an undeniable influence on Americans, child and adult alike. The concept of hero has shifted from a larger-than-life, flawed demi-god to a sci-fi, costumed character that can do no wrong. But biblical undertones remain inescapable. Scholars often point to his creators, Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, and their Jewish background as a sign that the Bible directly influenced Superman’s creation, and then influenced the readers. Superman’s origin narrative depicts parents of a dying civilization sending their child in a spaceship (a futuristic reed basket) only to grow up and become a savior of another world. The child is also uniquely strong and only stoppable by a single weakness. Siegel himself noted that Samson and other biblical figures played a prominent role in Superman’s development. -
YCJC-Newsletter-Jan-2007
CONGREGATION ETZ CHAIM P.O. BOX 905 KENNEBUNK, ME 04043 JANUARY 2007/5767 York County Jewish Community News Lithograph Available Tri color lithographs of the banner designed for the Saco Museum exhibit will soon be available for purchase. Get more information from our website or express your inter- est in purchasing by writing to <[email protected]> SHALOMAN COMES TO BIDDEFORD Enthusiastic audiences Many of the Hebrew School welcomed Al Wiesner, the creator students have followed his of the first Jewish superhero, adventures by checking out copies Shaloman, to Congregation Etz of the comic books from the Chaim on November 16th. complete collection in our Al traced the beginnings of synagogue library. comic books in America, noting Al Wiesner’s visit was that several of the original artists supported by a grant to Etz Chaim were Jewish. He believes the Community Education by the Sam success of Shaloman followed the L. Cohen Foundation. establishment of the state of -------------------------------------------- Israel, making the world ready for a physically powerful Jewish figure. Shaloman Trivia Responding to the distress call Answers on back page “Oy vay!”, Shaloman emerges from 1. Does Shaloman wear a cape? 5. What is the mountain named? a rocky topped mountain in Israel. 2. What shape is his belt? Why? He is easily identified by his 6. Who is his arch enemy? 3. What is his nickname? rippling muscles, kipa and large 7. Which person in Al Wiesner’s 4. From which letter is he formed? letter Shin on his chest. life looks like this arch enemy? 36 BACON STREET BIDDEFORD, ME <WWW.ETZCHAIMME.ORG> PAGE 1 CONGREGATION ETZ CHAIM P.O. -
Mcwilliams Ku 0099D 16650
‘Yes, But What Have You Done for Me Lately?’: Intersections of Intellectual Property, Work-for-Hire, and The Struggle of the Creative Precariat in the American Comic Book Industry © 2019 By Ora Charles McWilliams Submitted to the graduate degree program in American Studies and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Co-Chair: Ben Chappell Co-Chair: Elizabeth Esch Henry Bial Germaine Halegoua Joo Ok Kim Date Defended: 10 May, 2019 ii The dissertation committee for Ora Charles McWilliams certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: ‘Yes, But What Have You Done for Me Lately?’: Intersections of Intellectual Property, Work-for-Hire, and The Struggle of the Creative Precariat in the American Comic Book Industry Co-Chair: Ben Chappell Co-Chair: Elizabeth Esch Date Approved: 24 May 2019 iii Abstract The comic book industry has significant challenges with intellectual property rights. Comic books have rarely been treated as a serious art form or cultural phenomenon. It used to be that creating a comic book would be considered shameful or something done only as side work. Beginning in the 1990s, some comic creators were able to leverage enough cultural capital to influence more media. In the post-9/11 world, generic elements of superheroes began to resonate with audiences; superheroes fight against injustices and are able to confront the evils in today’s America. This has created a billion dollar, Oscar-award-winning industry of superhero movies, as well as allowed created comic book careers for artists and writers. -
When the Superheroes Emerged in the Late 1930S and Early 1940S They
Kameshia Shepherd The Superhero Genre: Exhibitions Which Explore the Identities, Costumes, and Missions of the Superheroes When the superheroes emerged in the late 1930s and early 1940s they had dual identities, sidekicks, powers and abilities, arch-villains, a costume, a moral code, and a top-secret headquarters but a lawsuit in 1940 established identity, power, and mission as the fundamental attributes of the superhero genre. According to Peter Coogan in Superhero: The Secret Origin of a Genre, Judge Learned Hand estab- lished these three elements in a copyright and infringement lawsuit between two comic book companies. In the case of Detective Comics, Inc. v. Bruns Publica- tions, Inc., DC Comics filed a suit which claimed that Bruns Publication’s super- hero Wonder Man was a duplicate of their character Superman. Judge Learned Hand agreed and stated in his ruling that Wonder Man copied Superman’s dual identities, various powers, and pro-social mission. Based on this copyright law- suit, Coogan argued that Judge Hand had unknowingly provided the definitional characteristics of a superhero.1 Coogan took Judge Hand’s interpretation a step further by combing all of the elements of Hand’s verdict to comprise his own definition. Coogan’s superhero is: A heroic character with a selfless, pro-social mission; with superpowers-extraordinary abilities, advanced technology, or highly developed physical, mental, or mystical skills; who has a superhero identity embodied in a codename and iconic costume, which typi- cally expresses his [or her] biography, -
Jewish Comics; Or, Visualizing Current Jewish Narrative
I Jewish Comics + Jewish Comics; Or, Visualizing Current Jewish Narrative Derek Parker Royal Executive Editor, Philip Roth Studies Over the past several years, there has been rapidly growing interest in Jews and comics-not comics of the Groucho Marx, Woody Allen, and Jerry Seinfeld variety, but those as presented on the paneled pages of the newspaper funnies, comic books, and graphic novels.1 In the past four years alone, there have been no less than seven tides devoted exclusively to the history and analysis ofJews and comic art, and these books do not even include the many recent com ics-related texts with substantive portions devoted to specific Jewish authors.2 1"Graphic novel" is a term that is not without its problems, but I am using it here not only because of its widespread common use, but also to distinguish it from comic books as a publication format or delivery system. In this sense, "comics" applies to the medium as a whole, regardless of the form it takes (e.g., the editorial cartoon, the single-panel gag, the newspaper comic strip, the comic book, and the graphic novel). Furthermore, I use "graphic novel" to refer to long-form comics-as opposed to the typical American comic book which runs 32-36 pages-regardless of genre. This could include long works of fictional comics that are "novelistic" in scope, collected issues of previously published comic books or strips, comic memoirs, comics-based journalism, and even expository comics. 2Recenr books devoted solely to Jews and comics include Simcha Weinstein, Up, Up, and Oy -
The Jewish Comic Book Industry, 1933-1954
“THE WHOLE FURSHLUGGINER OPERATION”: THE JEWISH COMIC BOOK INDUSTRY, 1933-1954 By Sebastian T. Mercier A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of History – Doctor of Philosophy 2018 ABSTRACT “THE WHOLE FURSHLUGGINER OPERATION”: THE JEWISH COMIC BOOK INDUSTRY, 1933-1954 By Sebastian T. Mercier Over the course of the twentieth century, the comic book industry evolved from an amateur operation into a major institution of American popular culture. Comic books, once considered mere cultural ephemera or quite simply “junk,” became a major commodity business. The comic book industry emerged out of the pulp magazine industry. According to industry circulation data, new comic book releases increased from 22 in 1939 to 1125 titles by the end of 1945. Comic book scholars have yet to adequately explain the roots of this historical phenomenon, particularly its distinctly Jewish composition. Between the years of 1933 and 1954, the comic book industry operated as a successful distinct Jewish industry. The comic book industry emerged from the pulp magazine trade. Economic necessity, more than any other factor, attracted Jewish writers and artists to the nascent industry. Jewish publishers adopted many of the same business practices they inherited from the pulps. As second-generation Jews, these young men shared similar experiences growing up in New York City. Other creative industries actively practiced anti-Semitic hiring procedures. Many Jewish artists came to comic book work with very little professional experience in cartooning and scripting. The comic book industry allowed one to learn on the job. The cultural world comic books emerged out of was crucially important to the industry’s development. -
Bibliography1
Annotated Bibliography1 Primary Sources Artifacts America First Committee “Anti-War” Pin, 1940. I bought this pin on EBay from a collector of World War II memorabilia. This pin is on my exhibit to show the isolationist views on World War II held by some Americans. United States Army Soldier Identification Tags, 1941. I bought these “dog tags” on EBay from a collector of World War II memorabilia. The U.S. military issued dog tags to soldiers with letters: “C” for Catholic, “P” for Protestant and “H” for Hebrew (Jewish). The tags displayed on the “war” section of my exhibit are stamped with the letter “H.” Although the religious markings were important for burials, Jewish soldiers worried about the “H” marking if they were captured by German troops. Books Simon, Joe. The Comic Book Makers. Vanguard Productions, 2007. This book is an autobiography written by Joe Simon, the co-creator of Captain America, and is one of the most important sources for my topic and thesis. Mr. Simon discusses his life growing up in New York, the antisemitism that he faced and his life in the comic book industry. He also discusses the creation of Captain America and the story behind it and the financial risks to Timely Comics, the publisher of Captain America, in deciding to use Hitler as a real life villain in the comic book stories. The two Joe Simon quotes on my exhibit are from page 52 of this book. Simon, Joe. Joe Simon: My Life in Comics. Titan Books, 2011. This is Joe Simon’s second book. -
How to Be a Hero: a Rhetorical Analysis of Superman's First Appearance In
HOW TO BE A HERO: A RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF SUPERMAN’S FIRST APPEARANCE IN ACTION COMICS By Sevan Michael Paris Approved: Lauren Ingraham Susan North Professor of Rhetoric and Composition Assistant Professor of Rhetoric and (Director of Thesis) Composition (Committee Member) Bonnie Warren-Kring Associate Professor of Education (Committee Member) Herb Burhenn A. Jerald Ainsworth Dean of the College of Arts and Dean of the Graduate School Sciences i HOW TO BE A HERO: A RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF SUPERMAN’S FIRST APPEARANCE IN ACTION COMICS By Sevan Michael Paris A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Rhetoric and Writing University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Chattanooga, Tennessee ii ABSTRACT Through a combination of rhetorical heightening, idiom, and structure, Superman creators Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster influenced their young American audience with the first appearance of Superman in 1938’s Action Comics no. 1. Superman’s lack of distinguishing characteristics, dual identity, and embodiment of American culture allowed the character to become a vehicle for Siegel and Shuster, persuading children to be a helper of those in need and champion of the oppressed. Varying panel size and choosing what to show from what not to show allowed Siegel and Shuster to heighten specific moments within Superman’s story. Through metaphor and symbolic modeling, children recognized the impact of helping others in their lives both as a child and later as an adult. The tools that Siegel and Shuster had available to them in this particular medium—such as being able to simultaneously heighten several different moments within the narrative in one panel—make it a unique form of rhetorical heightening in fiction. -
Brooklyn Paper
Ratner loses a battle for control of an Atlantic Yards building: P.13 Brooklyn’s Real Newspaper BrooklynPaper.com • (718) 834–9350 • Brooklyn, NY • ©2007 BROOKLYN HEIGHTS–DOWNTOWN EDITION AWP/14 pages • Vol. 30, No. 10 • Saturday, March 10, 2007 • FREE INCLUDING DUMBO Marty’s spending points to WRONG WAY City Hall SLOPERS: AVENUE PLAN STINKS By Dana Rubinstein The Brooklyn Paper Borough President Markowitz was pressed City vows to kill one-ways if locals object and pressed on last Tuesday night’s edition of HEARING IS SET FOR “Inside City Hall,” but he just wouldn’t say whether he was running for mayor. By Christie Rizk “I don’t want to say anything official tive reaction from the residents.” lights timed to a much more leisurely THURSDAY, MARCH 15 The Brooklyn Paper until I hear all the details, but [convert- Most people have been complaining pace, but hitting 30 miles per hour is But the Beep’s Community Board 6’s transportation com- campaign finance ing the avenues] sounds like a really about the prospect of more speeding virtually impossible because the lanes City officials backtracked a bit this mittee will be briefed on the city’s plan to disclosure forms in- dumb idea,” said Assemblywoman cars. If this proposal is implemented, are tighter and other drivers are fre- week from a bombshell proposal to Joan Millman (D-Cobble Hill). Sixth Avenue could become very much quently doing U-turns. turn Sixth and Seventh av- dicate that Mar- convert Seventh and Sixth avenues kowitz is already Park Slope had virtually unified like Eighth Avenue — where cars treat And that’s just how Denworth and enues in Park Slope into doing plenty of run- into one-way thoroughfares, saying around defeating this idea — a first step the one-way road like a highway, others like it. -
Program Guide 2011 8
Thank You Thank You International Shabbaton Committee: Chabad on Campus International Foundation thanks Rabbi Eli M. Levitansky, Chair . Rabbi Mendel Matusof, Co-Chair our dedicated supporters for their kindness. Rabbi Pinny Backman . Rabbi Moshe Bleich Rabbi Chaim S. Brook . Rabbi Kivi Greenbaum Principal Benefactors: George & Pamela Rohr Rabbi Baruch S. Kantor . Rabbi Shmuel Kravitsky Rabbi Yossi Kulek . Rabbi Shmuel Lieberman Pillars Rabbi Chaim B. Lipskier . Rabbi Yitzi Steiner Rabbi Zevi Tenenbaum . Rabbi Zalman Tiechtel Anonymous Gary & Pam Ostrow Lili Goldberg Ben & Chana Philipson Rabbi Simcha Weinstein . Rabbi Mendy Zwiebel In memory of William Goldberg (Zev ben Ronald & Jill Swartz Binyamin A"H) The Ahavas Yisroel Foundation Avi & Dina Klein The Rackow Family of NY Thanks to: In memory of Blima bas Pinchus A”H Howard & Eleanor Morgan Alan & Lori Zekelman Bension Kohen Caterers . Oholei Torah and Beth Rivkah staff . Rabbi Levi Rabin . Rishe Groner . Nomi Leimdorfer Shevi Katzman . Shea Hecht . Mrs. Rochie Shemtov Rabbi Moshe Plotkin . Rabbi Avi Weinstein . Rabbi Abba Refson Benefactors and Ohel Chabad staff . Rabbi Sholom Ber Baumgarten and Tzivos Hashem and to all our wonderful volunteers. Richard & Fran Allen Steven Krieger Anonymous Peter & Mary Pernicone Much appreciation to the devoted CSS security team. Michael & Jenifer Bernstein Ricardo & Vivian Senerman Special thank you to the gracious hosts who opened their homes and their The Davidsohn Family Michael & Lisa Steinberg hearts to the Shabbaton participants. And to all those that contributed to the In honor of the complete restoration to The Kurt & Rose Stanger success of this extraordinary weekend: Thank you! robust good health of Ruchama Aliza Charitable Trust Sara Chana bas Esther Lieba Zev Drizin Michael S. -
Chabad Lubavitch of Your Town SPRING 2013 / PASSOVER 5773 a LITTLE NOSH for the SOUL
Imprint_Layout 1 2/7/2013 9:19 AM Page 1 soulwiseChabad Lubavitch of your town SPRING 2013 / PASSOVER 5773 A LITTLE NOSH FOR THE SOUL VOL.5 - ISSUE 3 Imprint_Layout 1 2/7/2013 9:20 AM Page 2 Soulwise Dear Friend, You are the next link in the chain. Passover is the most ancient of all rituals in the Western world. It has been passed down in an unbroken chain of tradition for over 3300 years, that’s over 100 generations! That means that every one of your ancestors, without exception, sat at a Seder and shared the meaning, the mystery and magic of Passover. Engage all your senses in this dynamic and moving experience. The tastes, the aromas, the textures, the sounds and the sights of Jewish continuity in action all combine to achieve the meaningful events of the Seder. Take the time this year to fully engage yourself and your family in Jewish life. Feel the passion of the exodus, taste the beauty of freedom, hear the message of personal growth all brought to life at the Seder. Join us or try it at home, either way, make this the most meaningful Pesach ever. May G-d bless you and your family with a Passover filled to overflowing good health and happiness! Sincerely, Rabbi Shliach Director, Chabad Jewish Center SOULWISE MAGAZINE IS PUBLISHED BY: Chabad Lubavitch of Your Town Don’t miss the Rabbi’s Thursday Torah Class 7:00 pm Rabbi Mendel Shliach, Director This is Jewish Thought 101. For thousands of years, the Torah has been the 239 South Street, Brooklyn, NY 11211 Jewish national treasure, and now is your chance to claim your inheritance.