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Projects, Publications & Meetings, 2015–2016 Science, Engineering, and Technology Global Security and International Affairs The Humanities, Arts, and Education Exploratory Initiatives Fellowship Programs University Affiliates Meetings and Events around the Country Donors to the Academy With Appreciation . Academy projects, publications, and fellowships are supported by gifts and grants from Fellows, friends, foundations, corporations, the University Affiliates, and other funding agencies. The Academy expresses its deep appreciation for this support and to the many Fellows who contribute to its work. Published by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, September 2015 Annual Gifts as of June 30, 2015 Contents From the President 3 Projects, Publications & Meetings Global Security and International Affairs Overview 4 The Global Nuclear Future 5 New Dilemmas in Ethics, Technology, and War 11 Science, Engineering, and Technology Overview 13 New Models for U.S. Science and Technology Policy 13 The Alternative Energy Future 25 The Humanities, Arts, and Education Overview 28 Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences 28 The Humanities Indicators 31 Commission on Postsecondary Education 33 Commission on Language Learning 33 The Lincoln Project: Excellence and Access in Public Higher Education 34 Exploratory Initiatives 41 Fellowship Programs The Visiting Scholars Program 43 The Hellman Fellowship in Science and Technology Policy 44 University Affiliates of the Academy 45 Meetings and Events Around the Country 47 Donors to the Academy 53 From the President dvancing knowledge and learning in service to the nation has been the mission A of the Academy since its founding in 1780. Through the study of social and scien- tific problems and opportunities, the Academy provides critical thinking on the most pressing challenges facing the country and the world. As you will see in the pages that follow, the Academy is exploring issues from the future of postsecondary education, to the governance of the nuclear nonproliferation treaty regime, to the need to support research that will drive the next generation of scientific and technological advances and affect our quality of life and our understanding of the world around us. These studies draw on the intellectual resources of hundreds of our members and involve many collaborating organizations—both national and interna- tional. Our work engages members and other experts from diverse professions and disciplines and brings them together to address critical issues facing our global society. We are grateful to the many members who support the Academy’s projects, publi- cations, and programs. This support gives the Academy the independence to pursue important issues that advance the common good. As always, I welcome your questions about the Academy and suggestions for its future. Global Security and International Affairs 4 he Academy’s projects in Global Security and International Affairs are conducted in collabora- Ttion with the Committee on International Security Studies (CISS). Founded by Harvey Brooks, CISS has been led by distinguished experts such as Paul Doty, Franklin A. Long, and Carl Kaysen. Previous work includes pathbreaking analyses of the implications of the Strategic Defense Ini- tiative, the militarization of space, the relationship between environmental scar city and violent conflict, the proliferation of small arms and light weapons, and the challenge of strengthening institutions of international justice. Current work focuses on emerging challenges to international peace and security, with particular attention to military technological advancements, relations among great powers, nuclear weap- PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS & MEETINGS PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS ons, and the threats arising from fragile and failing states. Committee on International Committee Members Security Studies RICHARD L. GARWIN STEVEN E. MILLER, Cochair IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center Harvard University JENNIFER LEANING JOHN D. STEINBRUNER,† Cochair Harvard University University of Maryland ROBERT LEGVOLD Columbia University JANNE NOLAN George Washington University BARRY POSEN Massachusetts Institute of Technology BRUCE RUSSETT Yale University SCOTT D. SAGAN Stanford University SHIBLEY TELHAMI University of Maryland † Deceased 5 The Global Nuclear Future The Global Nuclear Future Initiative is an interdisci Since its beginnings in 2008, the project has made sig plinary and multinational project that advances policies nificant contributions to the development of a more and procedures to allow for the peaceful use of nuclear effective nuclear policy for the twentyfirst century. It power, while addressing and minimizing the potential has encouraged innovative scholarship on a wide range adverse consequences of the spread of inherently risky of issues, including solutions to manage most effectively nuclear technology. By engaging with key constituen the backend of the nuclear fuel cycle and strategies to cies, particularly in Southeast Asia and the Middle East, strengthen the global nuclear nonproliferation regime. the initiative identifies and promotes best practices to It has also fostered dialogue and conversations at the minimize the security and nonproliferation concerns regional level in Asia Pacific and the Middle East, bring associated with the spread of nuclear energy. To help ing together stakeholders from the government and non & MEETINGS PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS reduce the risks that could result from the global expan government sector. It has trained journalists and experts sion of nuclear energy, the Global Nuclear Future Initia from these regions to write and examine nuclearrelated tive addresses a number of key policy areas, including issues in greater depth. It has produced a guide for the international nonproliferation regime, the entirety nuclear laboratories on how to address the problem of of the fuel cycle, and the problem of insider threats. insider threats, and it has continued to raise awareness of the many responsibilities that countries face when they decide to pursue a nuclear power program. Project Directors Advisory Group Project Staff STEVEN E. MILLER RICHARD A. MESERVE FRANCESCA GIOVANNINI Harvard University Covington & Burling LLP; formerly, KATHRYN MOFFAT Carnegie Institution for Science ROBERT ROSNER University of Chicago SAM NUNN Funders Nuclear Threat Initiative Carnegie Corporation of New York Senior Advisor GEORGE PERKOVICH Flora Family Foundation SCOTT D. SAGAN Carnegie Endowment for William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Stanford University International Peace The Kavli Foundation WILLIAM J. PERRY John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Stanford University Foundation WILLIAM POTTER Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Monterey Institute of International Studies JOHN W. ROWE Exelon Corporation, ret. GEORGE P. SHULTZ Stanford University Global Security and International Affairs 6 Publications The Back-End of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Establishing a Viable Game Changers for Nuclear Energy, Kate Marvel and Roadmap for a Multilateral Interim Storage Facility, Robert Michael May (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Rosner, Lenka Kollar, and James P. Malone (American 2011) Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2015) Nuclear Reactors: Generation to Generation, Stephen M. Nuclear Power in Vietnam: International Responses and Future Goldberg and Robert Rosner (American Academy of Prospects, Tanya OgilvieWhite (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2011) Arts and Sciences, 2014) “A Deeply Fractured Regime: Assessing the 2010 NPT Nuclear Liability: A Key Component of the Public Policy Deci- Review Conference,” Steven E. Miller, The International sion to Deploy Nuclear Energy in Southeast Asia, Mohit Abra Spectator (September 2010) PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS & MEETINGS PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS ham (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2014) Challenges to the NPT Review Conference: Lessons from the A Worst Practices Guide to Insider Threats: Lessons from Past Past; Opportunities for the Future (confidential report, May Mistakes, Matthew Bunn and Scott D. Sagan (American 2010) Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2014) Nuclear Energy in the Middle East: Implications, Challenges, Lessons Learned from “Lessons Learned”: The Evolution of Opportunities (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Nuclear Power Safety after Accidents and Near-Accidents, 2010) Edward D. Blandford and Michael M. May (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2012) Multinational Approaches to the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Charles McCombie & Thomas Isaacs, Noramly Bin Muslim, Nuclear Collisions: Discord, Reform & the Nuclear Nonprolif- Tariq Rauf, Atsuyuki Suzuki, Frank von Hippel, and eration Regime, essay by Steven E. Miller, with responses Ellen Tauscher (American Academy of Arts and Sci by Wael AlAssad, Jayantha Dhanapala, C. Raja Mohan, ences, 2010) and Ta Minh Tuan (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2012) Shared Responsibilities for Nuclear Disarmament: A Global Debate, essay by Scott D. Sagan, with responses by James The Back-End of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: An Innovative Storage M. Acton, Jayantha Dhanapala, Mustafa Kibaroglu, Concept, Stephen M. Goldberg, Robert Rosner, and James Harald Müller, Yukio Satoh, Mohamed I. Shaker, and P. Malone (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Achilles Zaluar (American Academy of Arts and Sci 2012) ences, 2010) “On the Global Nuclear Future,” vols. 1–2, Dædalus, edited by Steven E. Miller and Scott D. Sagan (MIT Press, Fall 2009 and Winter 2010) 7 Project Meetings and Workshops Nuclear Energy