DOCSLIB.ORG

Cthe Colonial Trade of Connecticut

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cthe Colonial Trade of Connecticut TERCENTENARY COMMISSION OF THE STATE OF CONNECTICUT COMMITTEE ON HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS L DOUBLE NUMBER cThe Colonial Trade of Connecticut ROLAND MATHER HOOKER PUBLISHED FOR THE TERCENTENARY COMMISSION BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS TER I936 L uiecticLit State Library ry Service Center 5000837 South Main Street HZrimldd letown , Connecticut 06457 I , s , I vi - - * • ? H 1 :rv41. -. , ' . • , . - . v U ; v t : • o jP- TERCENTENARY COMMISSION OF THE STATE OF CONNECTICUT COMMITTEE ON HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS L The Colonial Trade of Connecticut ROLAND MATHER HOOKER I N attempting to determine the exact extent of the colonial trade of Connecticut, the direction of the trade, and the kind of goods transported, the stu- dent is greatly hampered by the lack of colonial Irecords. In 1781, Benedict Arnold, in command of British troops, sailed up the Thames river, captured Fort Griswold on the Groton side, and after landing at New London, burned the city. In this fire were destroyed all the customs records of the colony, with the exception of some few in New Haven. This destruction is greatly to be deplored since, for the greater part of the colonial period, New London was the only authorized port of entry for colonial trade and the seat of the only British custom- house in Connecticut. As a result of this disaster, the historian of Connecticut colonial trade, as Miss Caulkins remarked in her History of New London, must be con- tented with grasping "those gleams and shadows that flit occasionally across the view in the investigation of other subjects." These gleams and shadows consist mainly of various reports to the board of trade in England, of writings in divers colonial diaries, of the acts of the general court, of the instructions sent to the colonial governors by the board of trade, of the action of the vice-admiralty courts, and of a study of the general British colonial policy in relation to trade with the entire British colonial world. II THE early settlers in the River Towns of Hartford, Windsor, and Wethersfield soon discovered trade to be essential if the settlements were to prosper, as it was not possible to produce the various goods and commodities necessary for their well-being. Only by creating a surplus in some exportable product could they import the Eng- lish manufactured goods so necessary to them. Fortu- nately, beaver skins proved salable in England, and during the early years of the settlements, large stores of these skins were exported. As the Connecticut towns had no means either to build or to buy vessels large enough to make the voyage across the ocean, most of their exports were sent on small vessels to Boston where they were exchanged for the desired manufactured goods and trans- shipped overseas. Besides the beaver trade with England, a market for pipe staves, provisions, and livestock was found in the West Indies. These staples could be ex- changed for sugar, the chief crop, after 1660, of the Eng- lish possessions there, and for molasses which could be made into rum, available for trade in New Amsterdam or Boston. The general court of Connecticut soon realized the importance of putting its export trade into the hands of responsible persons, and in 1638 granted to William Whiting and Thomas Stanton, of Hartford, the exclusive right to the beaver trade with the Indians. In 1640 Governor Hopkins obtained a special right to trade at 2 Waranocoe (Westfield, Massachusetts). Corn soon be- came a surplus commodity and was exported to Massa- chusetts and Plymouth. In 1644 Governor Hopkins and William Whiting were given the sole privilege of export- ing corn and were required to pay a fixed price for all corn so shipped. William Whiting was the leading merchant of Hartford in the early period. He died in 1647, and the inventory of his estate shows how varied were his activities. Among his effects were goods which could be used for trade, such as wampum, ammunition, various skins, hoes, hatchets, shoes, nails, pins, paper, shot, fishhooks, blades, looking- glasses, pewter, bottles, brass ladles, bells, thimbles, boxes, knives, scissorsj combs, jews'-harps, and brass kettles. Besides these minor articles, his executors listed the results of some of his trading ventures such as: It: in skinns, and debts, vppon a voyage to Verginia, in anno 1647, yet due, 67. 10. 00 It: in Tobacko, at Verginia, 65. 00. 00 It: in the proceed of corne and porke, sould in anno 1648, 48. 00. 00 It: in oyle, soape, vinegar and other goods from Delawar, ye last yeare, 30. 00. 00 It: in trade at Long Iland, 30. 00. 00 It: in stock for trade at Waranoco, TOO. 00. 00 It: in goods sent from England, 65. 19. 03 It: in prt of a pinnace, 40. 00. 00 It: in debts at Dillaware, wch are harserdous, 90. 00. 00 It: a hhd. of Beauer, very haserdous, at least in great prt, sent for England, in Trerice, valued at, 50. 00. 00 It: goods and debts at Piscataway, very haserdous, 150. 00. 00 This inventory shows that, although during the first ten years after the founding of Hartford trade had been 3 established with several communities, it was not very- profitable owing to the large number of bad debts and the danger involved in transporting the commodities. The trade of Hartford during the first fifty years was very limited, and though such men as Whiting and Stanton were willing to take risks, they were disappointed in the results obtained. Windsor, during this period, seems to have been no more successful than Hartford in its attempts to enrich itself through trade. As early as 1662 Michael Humphrey, one of the leading merchants, was trading with Samuel and Henry Rose, merchants of Saint-Malo. In 1679 Cap- tain Newberry and George Griswold had warehouses in Windsor, and at about the same period George and Christopher Saunders were traders to England and the West Indies. Yet the volume of trade remained small, owing to the difficulties involved, the greatest of which were the lack of roads and the consequent dependence on river and coastal navigation. Often vessels were wrecked as the channels were not well known and the vessels small and unseaworthy. While the Indians were at times friendly, they could never be trusted to remain so, and were a constant menace to safe trading. Since most of the settlers of the River Towns had been farmers in England and wished to remain so in their new homes it is sur- prising, considering the danger and lack of incentive, that the volume of trade was not smaller. Wethersfield's story of early trade is similar to that of Hartford and Windsor. In 1649 the men of the town banded together to build a town-owned vessel, but the profits derived from it were disappointing. Besides these three River Towns, another settlement, Saybrook, had been established at the mouth of the Connecticut. The founders of this separate community 4 realized by 1644 the impossibility of continuing it as an independent colony. As it was necessary for the other towns to have freedom to enter and sail from the river, an agreement was made between George Fen wick and the Connecticut colony—an agreement which included the first tariff sanctioned by the people of Connecticut. By this arrangement Connecticut purchased Saybrook fort and all surrounding land, with the stipulation that Fenwick was to receive, for ten years, a duty on all corn, biscuits, bacon, and cattle exported from the mouth of the river. The amount of the duty was small: corn paying two pence per bushel; biscuit, six pence a hundred; cows and horses within the river district, a tax of twelve pence a year; and hogs killed for home consumption or export, a like sum. Beaver skins were taxed two pence a pound when traded within the limits of the river and twenty shillings a hogshead when exported, with the promise that, if conditions in the Indian trade changed, this duty would be eliminated. The amount collected for Fenwick in the ten years during which this tariff was enforced was contemporaneously estimated at ^1,600. ILL DURING this period the chief harbor of what is now Con- necticut belonged to the colony of New Haven, settled in 1638 by John Davenport, Theophilus Eaton, and others. While most of the towns founded in what is now Con- necticut were planned as agricultural communities, with trade as a subordinate consideration, New Haven was, from the outset, intended as a commercial center. At first, it seemed as if New Haven might succeed in its attempt at commercial enterprise. Soon after the settlement of the town, trade was established with Boston, New Amsterdam, Delaware bay, Virginia, Barbados, and 5 England. In 1639, three ships sailed directly from Eng- land to New Haven, bringing supplies to the new settle- ment; this, however, was an exception to the general rule, as most supplies came by way of Boston and most of the early exports of the New Haven colony, which were beaver and other furs, were sent to Boston and there exchanged for imported manufactured goods. The Dutch in New Amsterdam bought from the New Haven traders wheat, biscuit, beef, pork, hides, and furs. They also provided a market for Virginia tobacco and such West Indian goods as cotton, sugar, molasses, and rum. What form of payment was used by the Dutch for these articles is not easy to determine, but it is probable that the New Haven merchants would have accepted gladly any manufactured goods, which at the time were either expensive or scarce in Boston.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Introduction, the Constitution of the State of Connecticut
    Sacred Heart University DigitalCommons@SHU Government, Politics & Global Studies Faculty Government, Politics & Global Studies Publications 2011 Introduction, The onsC titution of the State of Connecticut Gary L. Rose Sacred Heart University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/gov_fac Part of the State and Local Government Law Commons Recommended Citation Rose, Gary L., "Introduction, The onC stitution of the State of Connecticut" (2011). Government, Politics & Global Studies Faculty Publications. Paper 2. http://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/gov_fac/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Government, Politics & Global Studies at DigitalCommons@SHU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Government, Politics & Global Studies Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@SHU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INTRODUCTION Connecticut license plates boldly bear the inscription, “the Constitution State.” This is due to Connecticut’s long and proud tradition of self-government under the protection of a written constitution. Connecticut’s constitutional tradition can be traced to the Fundamental Orders of 1639. Drafted by repre- sentatives from the three Connecticut River towns of Hartford, Wethersfi eld and Windsor, the Fundamental Orders were the very fi rst constitution known to humankind. The Orders were drafted completely free of British infl uence and established what can be considered as the fi rst self-governing colony in North America. Moreover, Connecticut’s Fundamental Orders can be viewed as the foundation for constitutional government in the western world. In 1662, the Fundamental Orders were replaced by a Royal Charter. Granted to Connecticut by King Charles II, the Royal Charter not only embraced the principles of the Fundamental Orders, but also formally recognized Connecticut’s system of self-government.
    [Show full text]
  • CONNECTICUT TERCENTENARY BULLETIN No
    State of Connecticut Tercentenary Commission 1635-1935 Hartford, Conn. CONNECTICUT TERCENTENARY BULLETIN No. 10 June 17, 1935 TERCENTENARY FURNITURE A visitor to the exhibit, entering the west end of the Tapestry Hall, will find in the first section transition pieces, EXHIBITION OPENS AT corner cuboards, tip tables and highboys made of pine, MORGAN MEMORIAL cherry and maple. The first alcove, or room in the center partitioning of the Hall, finished in pink, holds a collection of Queen Anne period pieces. The second room, painted a One thousand and one pieces of the furniture and the buff color, is given over to furniture showing the transition furnishings which were part of the domestic life of Con- from European influence to the characteristic American necticut in Colonial times and the days of early statehood "Block Front" design, including some Hepplewhite. are now on display at the Morgan Memorial in Hartford The third, or green alcove, holds examples of the work forming one of the most complete ex- of Aaron Chapin, including highboys. hibitions of this character ever arranged. The last of the center partitions, done Selected from the wealth of material in a shade of yellow, shows late pieces, the people of Connecticut have pre- high-top and low desks, and a drop served of the fine things of their an- leaf table set with four chairs. cestors every article is a "museum Along the side platforms are arranged, piece". Almost any one or any group spaced as nearly as possible to coincide of the many period-collections is worthy with the period grouping in the center of a special showing.
    [Show full text]
  • Acts of the Commissioners of the United Colonies of New England
    CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ..CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 1924 083 937 122 Cornell University Library ^^ The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924083937122 RECORDS OF PLYMOUTH COLONY. %tk of i\t Comittissioitfi's of !lje Initfb Colonies of felo €\4ml YOL. I. ] 643-1051. RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF NEW PLYMOUTH IN NEW ENGLAND. PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATURE OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS. EDITED BY DAVID PULSIFER, CLERK IN THE OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF THE COMMONWEALTH, MEMBER OF THE NEW ENGLAND HISTORIC-GENEALOfilCAL SOCIETY, VIXLOW OP TllK AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION, CORKESPONDINQ MEMBER OP THE ESSEX INSTITUTE, AND OF THE RHODE ISLAND, NEW YORK, COXNKCTICUT AND WISCONSIN BISTORICAL SOCIETIES. %t\^ of Jlje ^tinimissioners of Ijje InM Colonirs of Btfo ^iiglank VOL. I. 1643-1651. BOSTON: FROM THE PRESS OF WILLIAM WHITE, rRINTEK TO THE COMMONWEALTH. 185 9. ^CCRMELL^ ;UNIVERSITY LJ BRARY C0MM0.\))EALT11 OF MASSACHUSETTS. ^etrflarn's f eprtnunt. Boston, Apkil o, 1858. By virtue of Chapter forty-one of the Eesolves of the year one thousand eight hundred fifty-eight, I appoint David Pulsifee, Esq., of Boston, to super- intend the printing of the New Plymouth Records, and to proceed with the copying, as provided in previous resolves, in such manner and form as he may consider most appropriate for the undertaking. Mr. Pulsifer has devoted many years to the careful exploration and transcription of ancient records, in the archives of the County Courts and of the Commonwealth.
    [Show full text]
  • (King Philip's War), 1675-1676 Dissertation Presented in Partial
    Connecticut Unscathed: Victory in The Great Narragansett War (King Philip’s War), 1675-1676 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Major Jason W. Warren, M.A. Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: John F. Guilmartin Jr., Advisor Alan Gallay, Kristen Gremillion Peter Mansoor, Geoffrey Parker Copyright by Jason W. Warren 2011 Abstract King Philip’s War (1675-1676) was one of the bloodiest per capita in American history. Although hostile native groups damaged much of New England, Connecticut emerged unscathed from the conflict. Connecticut’s role has been obscured by historians’ focus on the disasters in the other colonies as well as a misplaced emphasis on “King Philip,” a chief sachem of the Wampanoag groups. Although Philip formed the initial hostile coalition and served as an important leader, he was later overshadowed by other sachems of stronger native groups such as the Narragansetts. Viewing the conflict through the lens of a ‘Great Narragansett War’ brings Connecticut’s role more clearly into focus, and indeed enables a more accurate narrative for the conflict. Connecticut achieved success where other colonies failed by establishing a policy of moderation towards the native groups living within its borders. This relationship set the stage for successful military operations. Local native groups, whether allied or neutral did not assist hostile Indians, denying them the critical intelligence necessary to coordinate attacks on Connecticut towns. The English colonists convinced allied Mohegan, Pequot, and Western Niantic warriors to support their military operations, giving Connecticut forces a decisive advantage in the field.
    [Show full text]
  • Puritan New England: Plymouth
    Puritan New England: Plymouth A New England for Puritans The second major area to be colonized by the English in the first half of the 17th century, New England, differed markedly in its founding principles from the commercially oriented Chesapeake tobacco colonies. Settled largely by waves of Puritan families in the 1630s, New England had a religious orientation from the start. In England, reform-minded men and women had been calling for greater changes to the English national church since the 1580s. These reformers, who followed the teachings of John Calvin and other Protestant reformers, were called Puritans because of their insistence on purifying the Church of England of what they believed to be unscriptural, Catholic elements that lingered in its institutions and practices. Many who provided leadership in early New England were educated ministers who had studied at Cambridge or Oxford but who, because they had questioned the practices of the Church of England, had been deprived of careers by the king and his officials in an effort to silence all dissenting voices. Other Puritan leaders, such as the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, John Winthrop, came from the privileged class of English gentry. These well-to-do Puritans and many thousands more left their English homes not to establish a land of religious freedom, but to practice their own religion without persecution. Puritan New England offered them the opportunity to live as they believed the Bible demanded. In their “New” England, they set out to create a model of reformed Protestantism, a new English Israel. The conflict generated by Puritanism had divided English society because the Puritans demanded reforms that undermined the traditional festive culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Time-Line of Important Dates in the History of Connecticut's Public
    IMPORTANT DATES IN THE use in the publick archives of the Colony” in HISTORY OF his office. CONNECTICUT’S PUBLIC August 16, 1774: Writing to Governor RECORDS AND STATE Trumbull from Wethersfield, Silas Deane ARCHIVES PROGRAMS reports that the “greater part” of correspondence of past governors and Journals of the House “have been long since used for wrappers.” Citing the lack of public records to document claims of the Colony, 1741: The Colonial Assembly directs the Deane urges the Governor and Assembly to Secretary of the Colony “to sort, date and file preserve public records. “We have,” he in proper order, all the ancient papers that argues, “a property in them, being written by now lye in disorder and unfiled in his office” persons in our employ, and our account.” before the next sessions beginning in October. The resolution provides five May 1779: Noting that Journals of the pounds “as a reward for his service.” House have “not in time past been secured and kept,” thus, resulting in the loss of 1769: General Assembly instructs Governor “many important transactions,” the General Jonathan Trumbull and Secretary George Assembly directs clerks of the House to Wyllys to work as a committee to “make a close, label, and hand over journals to the diligent search after all deeds of conveyance Secretary “to be kept with the archives and relative to the title of the lands granted by the public writings of the State.” Crown to this Colony by the royal charter.” The Assembly directs the committee to write 1794: Governor Trumbull’s son, David, the Colony’s agent in London to search for writes to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • PELLIZZARI-DISSERTATION-2020.Pdf (3.679Mb)
    A Struggle for Empire: Resistance and Reform in the British Atlantic World, 1760-1778 The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Pellizzari, Peter. 2020. A Struggle for Empire: Resistance and Reform in the British Atlantic World, 1760-1778. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37365752 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA A Struggle for Empire: Resistance and Reform in the British Atlantic World, 1760-1778 A dissertation presented by Peter Pellizzari to The Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts May 2020 © 2020 Peter Pellizzari All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisors: Jane Kamensky and Jill Lepore Peter Pellizzari A Struggle for Empire: Resistance and Reform in the British Atlantic World, 1760-1778 Abstract The American Revolution not only marked the end of Britain’s control over thirteen rebellious colonies, but also the beginning of a division among subsequent historians that has long shaped our understanding of British America. Some historians have emphasized a continental approach and believe research should look west, toward the people that inhabited places outside the traditional “thirteen colonies” that would become the United States, such as the Gulf Coast or the Great Lakes region.
    [Show full text]
  • The Governors of Connecticut, 1905
    ThegovernorsofConnecticut Norton CalvinFrederick I'his e dition is limited to one thousand copies of which this is No tbe A uthor Affectionately Dedicates Cbis Book Co George merriman of Bristol, Connecticut "tbe Cruest, noblest ana Best friend T €oer fia<T Copyrighted, 1 905, by Frederick Calvin Norton Printed by Dorman Lithographing Company at New Haven Governors Connecticut Biographies o f the Chief Executives of the Commonwealth that gave to the World the First Written Constitution known to History By F REDERICK CALVIN NORTON Illustrated w ith reproductions from oil paintings at the State Capitol and facsimile sig natures from official documents MDCCCCV Patron's E dition published by THE CONNECTICUT MAGAZINE Company at Hartford, Connecticut. ByV I a y of Introduction WHILE I w as living in the home of that sturdy Puritan governor, William Leete, — my native town of Guil ford, — the idea suggested itself to me that inasmuch as a collection of the biographies of the chief executives of Connecticut had never been made, the work would afford an interesting and agreeable undertaking. This was in the year 1895. 1 began the task, but before it had far progressed it offered what seemed to me insurmountable obstacles, so that for a time the collection of data concerning the early rulers of the state was entirely abandoned. A few years later the work was again resumed and carried to completion. The manuscript was requested by a magazine editor for publication and appeared serially in " The Connecticut Magazine." To R ev. Samuel Hart, D.D., president of the Connecticut Historical Society, I express my gratitude for his assistance in deciding some matters which were subject to controversy.
    [Show full text]
  • Godly Government Puritans and the Founding of Newark Timothy J
    Godly Government Puritans and the Founding of Newark Timothy J. Crist President, Newark History Society November 9, 2009 Godly Government Puritans and the Founding of Newark This is the 30th program that the Newark History Society has sponsored. Most of our programs have covered 20th century topics, although a few have dipped into the 19th century, including our program on Thomas Edison, which took us back to the 1870s. But tonight I want to go back 350 years, to 1659, to a time when England was in crisis. The resolution of that crisis led directly to the founding of Newark by a group of Puritans from New Haven Colony. The crisis was caused by the power vacuum in england following oliver Cromwell’s death in 1658. Cromwell had been the lord Protector of england following the english civil war and the execution of King Charles I. His son, richard Cromwell, succeeded him but quickly proved incapable, and he resigned early in 1659. england was left without an effective government. Army generals and their troops, as well as a rump Parliament, moved into the power vacuum. eventually, General George monck marched with his troops to london and engineered the restoration of the monarchy. So, after eleven years in exile, Charles II returned to england in may 1660 and finally succeeded his father as King. The people of new Haven Colony closely followed the crisis in england. With their strong Puritan views, they recognized immediately that the restoration of Charles II would turn their world upside down. They had formed new Haven Colony in 1639 to demonstrate how Biblical rules should guide the organization of both church and state, and they had expected to be the proverbial “city on the hill” showing God’s Way to england.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Puritanism in the Southern and Island Colonies
    Early Puritanism in the Southern and Island Colonies BY BABETTE M. LEVY Preface NE of the pleasant by-products of doing research O work is the realization of how generously help has been given when it was needed. The author owes much to many people who proved their interest in this attempt to see America's past a little more clearly. The Institute of Early American History and Culture gave two grants that enabled me to devote a sabbatical leave and a summer to direct searching of colony and church records. Librarians and archivists have been cooperative beyond the call of regular duty. Not a few scholars have read the study in whole or part to give me the benefit of their knowledge and judgment. I must mention among them Professor Josephine W, Bennett of the Hunter College English Department; Miss Madge McLain, formerly of the Hunter College Classics Department; the late Dr. William W. Rockwell, Librarian Emeritus of Union Theological Seminary, whose vast scholarship and his willingness to share it will remain with all who knew him as long as they have memories; Professor Matthew Spinka of the Hartford Theological Sem- inary; and my mother, who did not allow illness to keep her from listening attentively and critically as I read to her chapter after chapter. All students who are interested 7O AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY in problems concerning the early churches along the Atlantic seaboard and the occupants of their pulpits are indebted to the labors of Dr. Frederick Lewis Weis and his invaluable compendiums on the clergymen and parishes of the various colonies.
    [Show full text]
  • New England Colonies Blacklines.Qxd
    1 Name ____________________ The New England Colonies from Making the 13 Colonies series PRE-TEST Directions: Answer the following statements either true or false. 1. An attempt was made to colonize the New England region the same year the colony of Jamestown, Virginia, was founded. __________ 2. The people we call the Pilgrims founded the colony of Plymouth in 1720. ________ 3. There was greater religious freedom in the colony of Rhode Island than anywhere else in the 13 colonies. ________ 4. Mostly Quakers settled the Connecticut colony. ________ 5. Maine was never a colony but was part of the Massachusetts Bay colony. ________ 6. In England, Puritans attended Catholic Church services instead of those of the Church of England. ________ 7. People from the colony of Plymouth were the first settlers of New Hampshire. ________ 8. All the land of New Hampshire and Maine once belonged to two men. ________ 9. Vermont was first colony in New England. ________ 10. The business of slave trading was important in the colony of Rhode Island until it was finally banned right before the Revolutionary War. ________ ©2003 Ancient Lights Educational Media Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution. 2 Name ____________________ The New England Colonies from Making the 13 Colonies series POST-TEST Directions: Answer the following questions to the best of your ability. 1. What were some of the things that Puritans did not like about the Church of England? ______________________________________________________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Over 5,000 Years of History in Eastern Connecticut
    OVER 5,000 YEARS OF HISTORY IN EASTERN CONNECTICUT The Story of the Tower Hill Road Site WHAT ARE CULTURAL RESOURCES AND WHY ARE THEY IMPORTANT? Cultural resources may be anything that shows Unfortunately, these resources are fragile and evidence of having been made, used, or altered by nonrenewable. Unlike forests that can be replanted, humans. They represent the continuity of events once destroyed archaeological sites are gone forever. from the earliest evidence of human existence to the Objects from a site have little meaning unless they present day. Cultural resources that are pre-written can be related to specific soil layers (stratigraphy) record or pre-European contact in the New World and associated with other evidence of human activity, are called pre-contact or prehistoric, and those that such as a fire hearth, a trash pit, a burial pit, or the are post-written record/European contact are called structure of a building. Archaeologists call this post-contact or historic. Cultural resources range context . Any activity that disturbs the soil may from ruins that are thousands of years old to a destroy context and the scientific value of the nineteenth-century farmstead; from a small scattering archaeological site. A trained archaeologist manages of stone tools to an abandoned cart path. a site and records the information to preserve it for future generations. DIFFERENT TYPES OF CULTURAL RESOURCES bc a) Statue of Liberty in NY b) Kent Falls covered bridge in Litchfield County, CT c) Eighteenth century house foundation in Connecticut d) Native American pottery from New England d 2 IMAGINE EASTERN CONNECTICUT WITHOUT ROADS, BUILDINGS, OR FARM FIELDS AND WITH rich and varied forests, rolling hills, and free-flowing rivers and you have a picture of the landscape Native Americans inhabited thousands of years ago.
    [Show full text]