Cambridge Music Manuscripts, 900–1700 Edited by Iain Fenlon Frontmatter More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-10737-2 - Cambridge Music Manuscripts, 900–1700 Edited by Iain Fenlon Frontmatter More information

Cambridge Music Manuscripts, 90D-I]OO

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-10737-2 - Cambridge Music Manuscripts, 900–1700 Edited by Iain Fenlon Frontmatter More information

Fitzwilliam Museum 298, f. 5v (reduced) (see cat. no. 20)

Cambridge Music Manuscripts, 900-1700

Edited by IAIN FENLON

Published to coincide with an exhibition held at the Fitzwilliam Museum in July and August 1982

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First published 1982 First paperback edition 2011

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Contents

List of contributors page vn Foreword by Michael Jaffe ix Acknowledgements xi Preface xiii

The catalogue 1 Corpus Christi MS 183 Bede: Vitae S. Cuthberti, s. x1 3 2 Corpus Christi MS 260 Music treatises, s. x2 6 3 Trinity MS R. 15.14 I: Boethius: Geometria et Arsmetrica, s. x1; 10 II: Tonary of Saint-Vaast, Arras, s. x ex 4 Corpus Christi MS 473 The Winchester Troper', s. xi in 13 5 Corpus Christi MS 146 I: Pontifical from Winchester, s. xi in; with 17 II: supplementary material from Worcester, s. xi ex 6 University Library MS Schoolbook including The 20 Gg. v. 35 Cambridge Songs', s. xi 7 Trinity MS B. 1. 16 Berengaudus: Expositio super Septem 24 Visiones Libri Apocalypsis and Haymo: Commentarium in Cantica Canticorum, s. xi2 8 Fitzwilliam Museum MS Fragment of sacramentary of the 29 McClean 49 Church of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem, s. xii1 9 Trinity MS o. 3. 55 Bede: Vita S. Cuthberti together with a 33 Vita S. Oswaldi and Vita S. Aidani, S. xii2 10 University Library MS Lives of Fathers and Saints, s. xii2 37 Mm. iv. 28 11 St John's MS in Miscellany, s. xiii in 39 12 University Library MS Song collection, ? s. xiii 4° Ff. i. 17 (1) 13 Trinity MS o. 2. 1 Liber Eliensis bound with Lives 44 of the Ely Saints, s. xiii ex 14 Jesus MS QB 1 Fragments from an English choir book, 47 s. xiiiVxiv1 15 Fitzwilliam Museum MS Missal from the Cathedral of Notre-Dame, 52 84-1972 Paris, s. xiii to s. xiv 16 Fitzwilliam Museum MS 369 Breviary-missal (Cluniac) of 57 Lewes Priory, s. xiii/xiv 17 Corpus Christi MS 8 Vincent of Beauvais: Speculum 59 Historiale, s. xiv in

i8 University Library Sarum antiphonal, s. xiv in 62 Add. MS 2602 19 King's, Muniment Room Copy of a papal bull, s. xiv in 66 MS 2. w. 32 20 Fitzwilliam Museum MS 298 The Metz Pontifical, s. xiv1 68 Fitzwilliam Museum MS Leaves from an English volume of church 70 21 47-1980 polyphony, s. xiv1 Fitzwilliam Museum MS Papal missal, s. xiv1 72 22 McClean 51 Corpus Christi MS 65 Leaves from an English choir book, s. xiv 75 23 University Library The Dublin Troper', s. xiv 79 Add. MS 710 24 St John's MS 102 (D. 27) Customary and ordinal from 81 St Mary's, York, s. xiv ex 25 University Library Miscellany, s. xiv ex 84 Add. MS 5943 26 1 Trinity MS o. 3. 58 Carol roll, s. xv 88 Trinity MS B. 11. 13 Gospel book, s. xv1 90 27 Fitzwilliam Museum MS 28 Pontifical (of Durandus), s. xv1 94 28 Magdalene MS Pepys 1594 Guillaume de Machaut: Remede de 100 29 Fortune together with an anonymous 30 tract on love, s. xv1 3i University Library, Pembroke College MS 314 Leaves from an English choirbook, s. xv 103 32 Fitzwilliam Museum MS 6-1954 Missal (Use of Rome), s. xv 106 33 Corpus Christi MS 410 Walter Odington: Summa de Speculation Musice, s. xv1; together with an anonymous compilation from Johannis de Muris: Libellus Cantus Mensurabilis and a treatise in English on the performance of discant, s. xv2 2 34 Magdalene MS Pepys 1236 Miscellany, s. xv 111 35 University Library MS Fragment of music scroll, s. xv ex 114 Buxton 96 36 University Library Choirbook, s. xvi1 118 Nn. vi. 46 37 Fitzwilliam Museum MS Leaf from a songbook, s. xv ex/xvi in 123 Mu 1005 38 Magdalene MS Pepys 1760 Chansonnier, s. xvi in 123 1 39 University Library, Gonville Choirbook, s. xvi 126 and Caius College MS 667 40 University Library MS Partbooks, s. xvi1 129 Dd. xiii. 27 and St John's MS K 31 1 4i University Library, Peterhouse Partbooks, s. xvi 132 MSS 471-4 42 King's MS Rowe 316 Partbook, s. xvi 135 2 43 King's MS Rowe 1 Song roll, s. xvi 137 44 University Library MS Lutebook, s. xvi ex 139 Dd. ix. 33 vi

45 Fitzwilliam Museum MS Partbooks, s. xvi ex 142 Mu 278 A-C 46 Fitzwilliam Museum MS The Bull Manuscript', s. xvi ex/s. xvii 146 Mu 782 47 Fitzwilliam Museum MS Partbook, s. xvii in 151 Mu 687 48 King's MS Rowe 2 Lutebook, s. xvii in 153 1 49 Fitzwilliam Museum MS Lutebook, s. xvii 155 Mu 689 50 Fitzwilliam Museum MS The Fitzwilliam Virginal Book, s. xvii in 161 Mu 168 1 5i Fitzwilliam Museum MS Lutebook, s. xvii 164 Mu 688 52 King's MSS Rowe 112, 113 Consort books, s. xvii 167 2 53 Fitzwilliam Museum MS Score in the hand of Henry Purcell, s. xvii 170 Mu 88

Each of the articles is signed with its author's initials. The contributors are as follows: RDB Roger D. Bowers SKR Susan K. Rankin IF Iain Fenlon JS John Stevens PMG Phyllis M. Giles EVT Eric Van Tassel DJLW Daniel J. Leech-Wilkinson

vii

Plates

pi. I cat. no. 1 page 2 P1- 31 cat. no. 26 page 86 2 1 4 32 27 89 3 2 8 33 28 92 4 3 12 34 29 96 5 4 H 35 30 102 6 4 16 36 31 105 7 5 18 37 33 108 8 6 22 38 34 112 9 6 23 39 35 116 10 7 25 40 36 120 11 7 28 4i 36 121 12 8 30 42 37 122 !3 9 32 43 38 124 14 10 36 44 40 130 J 15 11 38 45 42 34 l6 12 42 46 43 136 17 13 46 47 44 140 18 14 48 48 45 144 19 50 49 46 147 20 15 54 50 46 148 21 i7 60 51 47 150 22 i7 61 52 48 154 23 18 64 53 49 156 24 19 67 54 49 158 25 20 69 55 50 160 26 21 71 56 50 162 27 23 76 57 51 165 28 24 78 58 52 168 29 24 80 59 53 172 30 25 82

viii

Foreword

The extraordinary wealth of Cambridge libraries in manuscript music of the period before the flowering of a baroque style has been known only to special- ists. Precisely the scholarship embodied in this volume, edited by one of these who is fortunately resident in Cambridge, Iain Fenlon, informed and invigor- ated the exhibition held in the Adeane Gallery of the Fitzwilliam Museum from 13 July to 30 August 1982 as a principal feature of that year's Cambridge Festival. Dr Fenlon's selection of the material brought together for the first time the very finest of what is available within the University and its Colleges. To him and to his collaborators, and to all those institutions which contributed to the spectacular success of the exhibition, and thus of this publication, we owe lasting admiration and gratitude. There was no doubt that the most appropriate place to display the exhibition would be the Fitzwilliam. The founder of the Museum, Richard, 7th Viscount Fitzwilliam, was by 1762, at the age of seventeen, studying music under John Keeble and laying the foundations of the music library which he bequeathed in 1816 to his University. We know by inscriptions in his own hand the date of his acquisition of most of the volumes. If his gusto was mainly for contemporary and modern compositions, and his main passion was for the music of Handel, his interests extended to 'antient musick'. He was fascinated by the polyphony of Lassus, Marenzio, Palestrina, Byrd, and Morley. The Virginal Book which bears his name has been judged to be the finest collection of keyboard music of its period extant. To the treasures in the Founder's Bequest have been added others which were exhibited: the Lutebook of Lord Herbert of Cherbury, written out by him between 1626 and 1640; the Bull MS Book containing keyboard and vocal music bound for Dr John Bull about 1600; the Lowther Lutebook; the Tolquhon Cantus Book; and two sets of Paston partbooks, the gift of Arthur Hill. Chant manuscripts are also well represented. Some books were shown primarily for the interest of their illumination, among them items from the McClean Bequest and the Notre-Dame Missal left to the Museum by Francis Wormald. Far from showy, however, was the fourteenth-century English bifolium whose significance is a recent discovery of Dr Fenlon, MS 47-1980.

From outside the Fitzwilliam the exhibition included a choice of the impor- tant holdings of early music in the University Library. Magdalene lent their early-sixteenth-century chansonnier, finely illuminated, and the Machaut MS, both undoubtedly acquired by Samuel Pepys for their beauty and curiosity rather than for their musical value. Trinity lent, besides the Liber Eliensis, their Carol Roll, a monument of English medieval song. King's lent a distinguished group of early-seventeenth-century items from the heritage of the College through Maynard Keynes. Other significant loans came by the generosity of Corpus Christi, Jesus, Gonville and Caius, St John's, Pembroke, and Peter- house. I thank them all.

MICHAEL JAFFFI Fitzwilliam Museum Cambridge

Acknowledgements

For permission to reproduce photographs of manuscripts: the Syndics of the Fitzwilliam Museum, the Syndics of the University Library, the Provost and Fellows of King's College, the Master and Fellows of St John's College, the Master and Fellows of Magdalene College, the Master and Fellows of Trinity College, the Master and Fellows of Corpus Christi College, the Master and Fellows of Gonville and Caius College, the Master and Fellows of Pembroke College, and the Master and Fellows of Jesus College. For permission to quote copyright material (M. R. James: A Descriptive Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Fitzwilliam Museum (1895) and A Descriptive Catalogue of the McClean Collection of Manuscripts in the Fitzwilliam Museum (1912); F. Wormald and P. Giles, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Additional Illuminated Manuscripts in the Fitzwilliam Museum (forthcoming)): the Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge.

Preface

This volume is an outgrowth of the exhibition 'Cambridge Music Manuscripts, 900-1700', held in the Adeane Gallery of the Fitzwilliam Museum in 1982. This provided the opportunity to display, for the first time in one place, the major sources of monophony and polyphony from the period held not only by the Museum, but also by the University Library and the colleges. A substantial number of manuscripts exhibited were selected primarily as examples of fine book production: that aspect of the exhibition is represented here by a small number of manuscripts (cat. nos. 8, 15, 16, 20, 22, 29, and 32). Otherwise, inclusion has been merited by virtue of textual importance. In the main, the method of description used in the entries is self-evident, but the following points may be useful: Date: 's. xiv in', 's. xiv1', 's. xiv2', 's. xiv ex', 's. xiv/v' denote respectively the beginning, first half, second half, end, and turn of the fourteenth century, 's. xiv' by itself indicates the middle of the fourteenth century. Number of leaves: the formula iv + 202 + iii + 1 + i shows that there are four flyleaves at the beginning and four at the end and that the penultimate leaf is not a flyleaf but belongs with the other 202 leaves of text. Pastedowns are included in the formula only if they have been lifted so as to become, in effect, flyleaves. Foliation/pagination: all foliations are noted and their locations identified as follows: 't (or b) 1 (or c or r) r (or v)' = 'top (or bottom) left (or centre or right) recto (or verso)'. The material on which a manuscript is written is always mentioned, for the sake of consistency. Watermarks are not described, through inability, in the light of present knowledge, to do so usefully. The dimensions of the leaf are given in millimetres, height first and width second. These figures are approxima- tions, since the size of leaves usually varies a little and sometimes consider- ably. As a general rule, nothing has been said about pricking or ruling. The conventions used to describe quiring are standard and quire signatures are always noted. Script: the division of scribal labour is always described. Occasionally, and particu- larly with the earlier manuscripts, hands are characterized in greater detail.

xiii

Decoration: the main types of decoration are noted: pictures, initials, borders. In the small number of cases where manuscripts were selected for inclusion largely because of their illuminations (see above), their decoration has been described in greater detail. Inscriptions: in general, only those contemporary with the manuscript have been cited. Scribal abbreviations have been tacitly expanded. The preparation of this catalogue has been a collaborative effort. On behalf of all the contributors I should like to thank the authorities who have allowed us to consult and catalogue their manuscripts; the officers and staff of the Cambridge University Press (in particular John Trevitt, Rosemary Dooley, and Jane Van Tassel); Andrew Morris of the Fitzwilliam Museum and Mr G. Bye of the University Library, who between them undertook all the photography; Profes- sor Peter Clemoes; Dr Rosamund McKitterick; Professor Christopher Hohler; Dr Peter Lefferts; and the librarians on whose time we encroached. We have benefited throughout from the advice and encouragement of the Director of the Fitzwilliam Museum, Professor Michael Jaffe. Above all I should like to thank my fellow contributors, who have made it all possible. IF